第一篇:小学英语语法-名词复数
小学英语语法名词的复数
一、名词分可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词(可数),如:book ,dog ,apple ,school 等。可数名词有复数。如: books ,dogs ,apples ,schools.2、不可数名词(不可数),如:water ,milk , meat等。不可数名词没有复数,通常通过量词来修饰。如:a cup of water ,a bottleof milk ,a plate of meat.这里我们重点说可数名词的复数。
二、可数名词的复数。
1.一般情况下,结尾直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds。
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ,match-matches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries.4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-kniveswolf-wolvesleaf-leaveslife-livesthief-thieves
5.不规则可数名词的复数。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet,Japanese-Japanese tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
第二篇:名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法
小学英语语法集训之一: 第一课 名词
I.名词分类:可数名词 不可数名词
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)
例如:drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an),表示一个,有复数形式,表示复数概念,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many“很多”+可数名词复数
much“很多”/a little “一点”+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词表示数量时需要用 数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
例:There is much water in the bottle.I'll tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information.2)用单位词表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)
a piece of(一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如two hundred students(200名学生)
ten thousand trees(10000棵树)
考点He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish)
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数
如a desk(一张桌子)
an old desk(一张旧书桌)
2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式 规则变化
1)一般情况下加-s
如book—books, desk—desks, cat-cats, bed-beds 2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box—boxes, bus—buses, brush-brushes, watch-watches 注意①以th结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。
如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化
1)元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不说an English,要说an Englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police
(不说a police,可说a policeman)
5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如: grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了许多水果,china has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)she has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平), sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。练习:
一. 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.this ______ 2.watch______ 3.child ______ 4.photo ______ 5.diary ______ 6.day ______ 7.foot ______ 8.dress ______ 9.tooth ______
10.sheep ______ 11.box ______ 12.peach______ 13.sandwich ______ 14.man ______ 15.woman ______ 16.city ______ 17.zoo ______ 18.country ______ 19.mouse ______ 20.car ______ 21.fox ______ 22.tree ______ 23.horse ______ 24.bus ______ 25.leaf ______ 26.life ______ 27.thief ______ 28.book ______ 二. 按要求填入单词的适当形式
1.Two ______ live in this building.(family)2.Look at those _______.(child)3.I can see a ______ standing near the door.(policeman)4.There are some ______ on the table.(glass)5.Would you like some ______?(bread)6.I have two ______.(sister)7.I like ______.(cat)8.Do you want some ______ for supper?(potato)9.He has two ______.One is old, the other is new.(watch)10.In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground.(leaf)11.I have two _______.(knife)12.There are two ______ in the zoo.(fox)13.There are many ______ on the road.(bike)14.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(child)15.The _____ are playing football now.(student)16.Please take two ______ for me.(photo)17.I like the red _______.(tomato)18.Would you please clean your ______ now?(tooth)19.Do you want some ______?(milk)20.There are ten ______ ______ in our school.(English teacher)三. 选择下列正确的单词或词组。
1.Do you drink much(milk, milks)? 2.I visited(Tom, Tom’s)house yesterday.3.He had two(cup, cups)of tea.4.This is(Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s)house.5.Give me a(piece of, X)paper, please.6.I don’t want(a, an)old cap.7.Look at those(sheep, sheeps).8.There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.9.How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 10.That bag is my(father’s, father’s bag).四. 将下列句子变成复数形式。
1.This is a knife.________________________________ 2.That is a tomato.__________________________________ 3.That child is very lovely._______________________________ 4.An Englishman stood there.______________________________ 五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格 1.a sister ______________________ 2.a boy ___________ 3.today _______ 4.a baby _______ 5.a camel ______ 6.men _______ 7.birds _______ 8.two days _______ 9.John and Mary(两人共有的)_______ 10.John and Mary(两人各自所有的)_________________ 六.选择
1.The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers 2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.toys C.boies 3.A cat has four _____, doesn’t it? A.foots B.feet C.feets 4.There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B.Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A.fish B.books C.horse 6.The _____ has two _____.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch 7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans 8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths 9.I saw many ______ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s 10.The green shirt is his _____.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 11.They come from different _____.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 12.How many _____ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 13.They are _____.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 14.Would you like _____, please?
A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 15.There are some _____ in these _____.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes 16._____ you _____ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 17.I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 18.There is no _____ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 19.My uncle has three _____.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 七.用’s或s’替换下列词组 1.the leg of the boy _______________ 2.the key of the girl _____________________ 3.the tail of the cat __________________ 4.the friend of my father’s ________________ 5.the toys of the boy _______________________ 6.the songs of the birds _______________________ 7.The servants of the queen _______________________ 8.the shirts of the men _____________________________ 9.the violin of the girl __________________________ 10.the pen of John _____________________________
第三篇:名词复数
1.名词复数的构成方法
规则变化的复数名词遵循以下原则:
(1)在一般情况下,加词尾-s:
desk→desks 书桌
tree→trees 树
face→faces 脸
(2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:
bus→buses 公共汽车 box→boxes 盒子
dish→dishes 盘子
(3)以y 结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将 y 改为 ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾-s:
city→cities 城市
boy→boys 男孩
key→keys 钥匙 monkey→monkeys
(4)以o结尾的名词,有些加-es,tomato→tomatoes 西红柿
potato→potatoes土豆
hero→heroes英雄
Negro→Negroes黑人
【注】以o结尾的名词后加词尾-s的有 zoo(动物园),photo(照片),piano(钢琴),等;
(5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词,一般将 f / fe 改为 ves:
knife→knives 小刀
thief→thieves 贼 life→lives 生命
【注】主要的有wife(妻子),life(生命),knife(小刀),leaf(树叶),thief(贼),half(一半),self(自己),loaf(面包),wolf(狼)。它们的复数形式均是将词尾的f或fe改为ves。
另外,也有的以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词直接加词尾-s构成复数(如roof →roofs 屋顶,proof →proofs 证据),但这在初中英语中很少见。
2.单数与复数同形的名词
初中英语中主要的有:
sheep 绵羊 fish 鱼
deer 鹿 Chinese 中国人
Japanese 日本人 Swiss 瑞士人
等
【注】fish 有时也用 fishes 这样的复数形式,尤其表示种类时。
3.不规则的复数名词
有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则:
man→men 男人
woman→women 女人
child→children 小孩
tooth→teeth 牙齿
foot→feet 脚
mouse→mice 老鼠
【注】一些以 man, woman 结尾的合成词,构成复数时与 man, woman 的变化形式相同,如:
policeman→policemen 警察
Englishwoman→Englishwomen(女)英国人
但是 human(人),German(德国人)不是合成词,其复数不能仿 man 的变化规律,而是按规则变化,即用 humans, Germans。
另外,当man和woman用于名词前作定语时,若其后被修饰的名词为复数,则man和woman也要用复数:
man nurse→men nurses 男护士
woman doctor→women doctors 女医生
第四篇:复数名词整理
1、clothes, cloth, clothing有什么区别,举例说明
clothes 是“衣服”,指具体的衣服,不能用作单数,也不能和数词连用。不能说a clothes,five clothes,也不说The clothes is „,而应说The clothes are„。例如:
She is dressed in her everyday clothes.她穿着日常穿的衣服。
He wears fine clothes.他穿着讲究。
Where did you get your clothes made?你的衣服在哪做的?
clothing 是衣服、服装的总称,是集体名词,没有复数形式。可以说an article of clothing,a piece of clothing一件衣服。例如:
The orphans are well provided with food and clothing.孤儿的衣食供应很充足。
This shop sells men’s clothing.这家商店卖男装。
cloth 的意思是“布料”、“毛料”、“丝绸”(特别指布料和毛料)。Cloth在一般情况下是物质名词,不可数,没有复数,不能与不定冠词连用。例如:a piece of cloth(不能说a cloth)一块布料
This piece of cloth is long enough for you to make a shirt.这块布够你做一件衬衣。
值得注意的是,cloth和某些词构成复合名词,作为特殊用途的一块布时,是可数名词。例如:
a tablecloth一块桌布
a dishcloth一块擦碗布
The waiter dried the glass with a dirty cloth.那个服务员用一块脏布擦干了玻璃。
2、只有复数形式的名词)一些成双成对的名词通常只有复数形式,常见的有jeans(牛仔裤)、headphones(耳机)、trousers(裤子)、clothes(衣服)、pants(短裤)、glasses(眼镜)、shoes(鞋子)、sunglasses(太阳镜)、scissors(剪刀)、compasses(圆规)。这些名词可单独作主语,动词用复数形式,也可用...pair/pairs of修饰,作主语时动词取决于pair的形式。
2)一些食物名词只有复数形式,常见的有noodles, vegetables, snacks。
3)一些固定短语中的名词只有复数形式,常见有的express one's thanks to sb.(向某人表达感激之情), a letter of thanks(一封感谢信), in high/low spirits(情绪高涨/低落), have sports(进行体育活动)。
4)一些不可数名词只有复数形式,但却表示单数概念,常见的有news(消息), means(手段)。
As we all know, no news is good news.众所周知,没有消息就是好消息。
5)一些专有名词只有复数形式,但却表示单数概念,常见的有:the United States(美国)、the United Nations(联合国)、the United Kingdoms(英国)、the Arabian Nights(《一千零一夜》)。
第五篇:八年级上册英语语法《名词的复数的构成》知识点整理
名词的复数构成的几种形式
名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:
pear---pears
hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks
tree---trees 2.以字母-s,-sh,-ch,-x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:
class---classes
dish---dishes
watch---watches
box---boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:
potato---potatoes
tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes
hero---heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如:
family---families
dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities
country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如:
half---halves
leaf---leaves
thief---thieves
knife---knives
self---selves
wife---wives
life---lives
wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves
loaf---loaves
但是这些除外:
scarf---scarves(fes)
roof---roofs
serf---serfs
gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs
proof---proofs
belief---beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化 1.将-oo改为--ee。如:
foot---feet
tooth---teeth 2.将-man改为-men。如:
man---men
woman---women
policeman---policemen
postman---postmen 3.添加词尾。如:
child---children 4.单复数同形。如:
sheep---sheep
deer---deer
fish---fish
people---people 5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:
Chinese---Chinese
Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans
Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians
Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians
Indian---Indians
6.其它。如:
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
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