第一篇：名词的单复数
名词的单复数
Grammar:名词的数
一、名词分可数名词和不可数名词 1可数名词
个体名词都是可数名词。每个可数名词都有其单数和复数形式。
A.单数:表示“一个”的概念。用名词的单数时，名词前需加a或an。如a book（一本书）、a river（一条河）、an apple（一个苹果）、an orange（一个橘子）等。
B.复数:表示两个或两个以上的物体。如two pens（两枝钢笔）、three days（三天）、three cities（三个城市）等。
复数形式的构成有两种：规则名词复数形式的构成和不规则名词复数形式的构成。具体见下表。
a.规则名词复数形式的构成
词形特点变为复数形式的构成方法例词
大多数名词在词尾加-s。（在清辅音后读[s]，在浊辅音及元音后读[z]。）cat——catsbag——bagsday——days 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词在词尾加-es,读作[iz]。class——classesmatch——matches 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变成i,加-es,读作[iz]city——cities 以o结尾的名词有些直接加-es,读作[z]（口诀“黑人英雄喜欢土豆西红柿”）;Negro—Negroes, hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato——tomatoes其它直接加-s,读作[z]zoo——zoos radio——radios photo——photos piano——pianos 大多数要将f或fe变为v,再加-es,读作[z]leaf——leaveswife——wives 有些以f或fe结尾的名词有的直接加-s,读作[z]roof——roofs
b.不规则名词复数形式的构成
1)通过变形 man——men foot——feet tooth——teeth mouse——mice（老鼠）child——children
2)单复数形式相同a sheep——two sheep, a deer——two deer（鹿）a fish—two fish(注意fish如果加s，则表示种类，two fishes 两种鱼)
3)专有名词复数（一般是指哪国人）
a Chinese—two Chinese，a Japanese—two Japanese，an Englishman—two Englishmen，a Frenchman—two Frenchmen, an Arab—two Arabs, 口诀（中日不变，英法变，其它后面加s）
4).复合名词复数形式的构成
组成部分均为表示人的主体词各组成部分都要变为复数形式woman doctor（女医生）——women doctorman servant（男仆）——men servants 其它只要把后面的主体次变为复数即可：a boy seller—two boy seller, a girl waiteress—two girl waitresses
5)只有复数形式的名词: 由相同两部分组成的物体的名称scissors（剪刀）trousers（裤子）glasses（眼镜）shorts（短裤）某些动名词savings（积蓄）belongings（所有物）
2不可数名词
表示无法分清个体的名词。不过，有些词在汉语中可数，在英语中却不可数。例如：news（新闻）、furniture（家具）、bread（面包）等。此类不可数名词要表示“一”这个概念时，需用其它方式表达，如a piece of news，a piece of furniture，a loaf of bread等。
一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的，通常没有复数形式。
二、使用名词单复数应注意的事项
(1)有些名词加s形式表示特殊的意义，如times时代，goods货物，greens蔬菜等。
(2)work, paper等一些词：表示工作时（work）是不可数，表示著作（a new work,works）是可数，如：a new work一个新作品，the works of him他的全部作品。
表示纸（paper）不可数，表示论文，试卷，报纸时（a paper, papers）是可数, 如：a daily paper 一份日报，paper表示供阅读的一张一张的“报纸”，是规则的可数名词。如：Give me some papers to read.给我几张报纸读。When I entered he was reading a paper.我进来时他在读报纸。exam papers 试卷 a paper on his research他的研究论文。
(3)有些名词看上去是复数，其实是单数，如表示学科的名词physics,politics,mathematics，再如news等。
（4）有些名词看上去是单数，其实是复数（这一类大多是集体名词），如：people, police, family, team
a.people泛指“人们/人民”时是集体名词，表复数概念;作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 e.g.There are a lot of people at the meeting.(不能用is)Many people go there only for fun.(不能用comes)
people指“民族”时,可以有单，复数形式(可以写成peoples)e.g.The Chinese people is a hardworking and brave one.中国人民是一个勤劳勇敢的民族.The peoples of Africa are awakening.非洲各族（国）人民在觉醒.另外: people着重全体,指“人们”之意时,可以说some people , many people,不能说two people person着重个人方面,可以说one person, two persons
b.family做家庭讲时有单复数，一个 家庭用a family,许多家庭用many families, 如：There are many families on the beach.。做全体家人讲时，family本身就是一个整体，代表的是复数，后面的谓语动词用复数形式, 如：All my family are very honest.c.team等用单数或复数动词都可以；如果认为这个词表示的是一个群体或单位,可用单数动词： Our team is the best．我们这个队是最好的。如果认为它表示的是这个队的所有成员,就用复数动词： Our team are wearing their new jerseys．我们这个队的队员们都穿着新运动衫。
有些人对名词数的概念不很清楚，对数目词（expressions of number）和数量词（expressions of quantity）也有些混乱，结果把数目词用在不可数名词之前或随意在不可数名词后面加上复数词尾“-s”，这些都是语法上的错误。例如：
(1)Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from Germany.虽然有些人把equipment（配备）当成可数名词，但是它是不可数的，不可有“-s”。(2)My teacher gave me some sound advices.应该是“advice”。(3)Do you have any special informations for me?“Information”才对。(4)Most furnitures in my house are made of wood.应该是“furniture...is...”(5)Today,I have many new works to do.必须是“a lot of new work”才是。
(6)Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies.“Progress”（进步）不可数；不可有“-es”。
(7)All his money are kept in the bank.“Money”（金钱）属不可数名词；动词要单数的“is”。上述这类有关不可数名词的错误，极为普遍既然如此，要怎样避免这种错误呢？.首先，必须牢记不可数名词绝对没有复数形式。其次，随时准备些数量词，如“much/little/some/a little/a lot of/plenty of”等，以便在必要时和不可数名词连用。最后，谨记：谓语动词必须和主语的数目一致。既然不可数名词没有复数形式，那么谓语动词若是简单现在时态（simple present tense），现在进行时态（present continuous tense）或现在完成时态（present perfect tense）的话，就必须以单数形式出现。例如：
(1)Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.(2)His luggage is somewhere at the railway station(3)Some money is being used to help the poor.(4)The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.(5)A lot of time has been spent on this project.
第二篇：名词单复数
一、名词
名词可以分为可数名词与不可数名词，其中可数名词具有单、复数的形式；而不可数名词没有复数形式。
1.从单数 复数，变形规则如下：
1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families（家庭）, strawberry-strawberries（草莓）
4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman（男警察）-policemen, policewoman（女警察）-policewomen, mouse-mice child（孩子）-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, sheep（羊）-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,当people后加上s时即peoples表示“民族”例如：There are 56 peoples in China.中国有56个民族。2.以下词为常为不可数名词，他们的复数形式就是他们本身。
Water(水)milk(牛奶)tea(茶)rice(米饭)orange（橙汁）juice（果汁）bread（面包）练习题 写出下列各词的复数
I _________this ___________that___________ watch _______child _______photo ________diary _________ day________ foot________ book_______ dress ______________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______ strawberry _____________ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich _______________ man______ woman_______ paper_______ juice____________________ water________ milk________ rice__________ tea_______________-注意be 动词遇到名词时的运用: 单数名词用is, 复数名词全用are.名词单复数讲解及练习名词单复数
（1）名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词，不可数名词没有单复数，一律看作单数。（2）可数名词的单数前什么时候用a，什么时候用an？ 答：以元音音标（或音素）开头的用an。以辅音音标（或音素）开头的用a。注意：我们看的是音标（或音素），而不是元音字母。
一、选择a或an或不填（用/表示）pen bag apple big apple banana orange oranges orange pen（3）可数名词的变化规则：
① 般在词尾加s，如：books，bags，fruits。加s之后的读音②以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加es，③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i再加es，读[iz]；以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接在词尾加s。
② 如：baby —— babies ③ ④以f、fe结尾的名词变f、fe为ves,如：wolf [wulf] 狼——wolves wife（妻子）— life（生命）— knife —
④ ⑤以o结尾的名词加es 的有：如：zoo——zoos photo——photos（4）名词复数的不规则变化：
⑤ man—men男人 woman[wumEn]—women [5wimin] 女人tooth [tu:W]—teeth [ti:W] 牙齿 foot [fut]—feet [fi:t] 脚，英尺 goose [gu:s]—geese [gi:z] 鹅 mouse [maus] —mice [mais] 老鼠 ⑥ ②child [tFaild]—children [5tFildrEn] 孩子 ③单复同形的名词有：
⑦ chinese [5tFaini:z] 中国人Japanese [7dVApE5ni:z]日本人 sheep [Fi:p] 绵羊 deer [diE] 鹿 fish [fiF] 鱼
⑧ 注意：fish①当一条鱼讲时，单复数同形，如three fish.②当各种各样的鱼讲时，即强调鱼的种类时，要加es.⑨ 如：all kinds[kaindz] of fishes.各种各样的鱼 ③当鱼肉讲时，不可数。
一、名词复数规则
⑩ 1．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ⑪ 2．以s.x.sh.ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches 3．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives 5．不规则名词复数：
⑫ man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children ⑬ foot-feet,.tooth-teeth ⑭ fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese ⑮
⑯ 1.I have two_____(knife)⑰ 2.There are many _____ here.(box)⑱ 3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)⑲
兔儿们，元宵节就要到了，Happy the Lantern Festival!元宵节快乐呀，代我向你们全家问好。the Lantern Festival（元宵节）。
⑳ 今天我们一起来回顾一下，名词复数形式的变化规则； 1.大多数情况下，直接加s 21 2.以 s x sh ch结尾的名词变复数，加es 22 3.以 f fe 结尾的名词变复数，把 f fe 变为ves.23 4.以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词变复数，把y 变 i 再加es.例如，family 以辅音字母l 加y 结尾，所以复数形式为families, 24 boy也是以y 结尾的，但它是以元音字母o加y结尾的，所以复数形式为boys 5.有些以字母o 结尾的名词变复数加es,例tomatoes,potatoes 6.还有一些不规则变化的，需要同学们分清记牢。如sheep——sheep，child------children Text 1 名词（总分100分）
一、请写出下列词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出 /。(1’*50=50’)city _____ _zoo ______country _____ tooth ____ mouse __ boy____________ broom ___________car ____ tree ______horse ______ bus______________ fox _____ branch ____ baby _____ family _____ country _____ radio _____ photo _____ piano _____ knife _____ leaf _____ life _____ thief _____ _man _____ woman _____ child ___ foot this _____________ watch___________diary____________day____________ book____________ dress____________ sheep___________tea_____________box___________ strawberry_________ peach__________sandwich__________paper_________ juice__________water____________ milk___________ rice__________ people CD ox___________deer____________fish___________
二、单项选择(1’*10=10’)()1.The __ in our yard are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers()2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.boys C.boies()3.A cat has four ____ , doesn't it? A.foots B.feet C.feets()4.There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese()5.Can you see nine ____ in the picture? A.fish B.book C.horse()6.The _____ has two______.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch()7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans()8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths()9.I saw many _____ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s()10.The green sweater is his _________.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
三、选择填空(1’*10=10’)()1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys()2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato()3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher()4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters()5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany()6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes()7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling()8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples()9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs()10.My uncle has three _______.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 四.填入所给名词的正确形式(2’*10=20’)1.I have two____________(knife)2.There are many ___________ here.(box)3.There are many ___________ on the road.(bus)4.A few ___________ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)6.Please take two _______________ for me.(photo)7.I like the red ________________.(tomato)8.Would you please clean your _____________ now?(tooth)9.Do you want some _________?(milk)10.There are ten __________ _________in our school.(woman teacher)
二、练习题。<一>、写出下列名词的复数形式
1、orange
2、class
3、text
4、monkey
5、piano
6、child
7、shelf
8、bed
9、country
10、family
11、toy
12、foot
13、Japanese
14、radio
15、photo
16、army
17、tomato
18、fox
19、woman 20、knife
22、sheep <二>、选择填空
1、There on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos 2.This kind of car made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has 3.There are four and two in the group.A.Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, Germen C.Japanese,German C.Japanese, Germans 4.That’a art book.A.an B.a C.the D are 5.The boys have got already.A.two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread 6.The old man wants.A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D.six boxs of apples 7.There some in the river.A.is ,fish B.are, fishs C.is, fishs D.are ,fish 8.There two in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches 9.We should clean twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth 10.The _____ meeting room is near the reading room.A.teacher B.teacher’s C.teachers’ D.teachers 11.In Britain _____ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box 1）选择填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 2）.填入所给名词的正确形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)1
1．bag _______ 2．orange _______ 3．family _______ 4．wish _______ 5．shelf _______ 6．knife _______ 7．key _______ 8．baby _______ 9．tooth _______ 10．foot _______ 11．woman _______ 12．sheep _______ 13．Japanese _______ 14．potato _______ 15．radio _______ 16．child _______ 17．fish _______ 18．photo _______ 19．Frenchman _______ 20．man doctor _______ 21.watch _______ 22.bus _______ 23.sheep _______ 24.foot _______ 2）选择填空 1.They come from different ______ A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 2.How many ______ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 3.They are______.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 4.Would you like _______ ,please? A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 5.Most of ______ live in _______.A.Germans, German B.German, Germen C.Germen, Germany D.Germans, Germany 6.There are some ______ in these _______.A.knifes…pencil-boxes B.knives…pencils-box C.knives…pencil-box D.knives…pencils-boxes 7.______ like ______ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 8.I wonder why ______ are interested in action films(武打片).A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 9.There is no ______ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 10._______ are good for our health.A.Tomatos B.Tomatoes C.Tomato 11.I like to eat cake with ______.A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys 12.______ and ______ are not friends.A.Foxs…wolfs B.Foxes…wolfs C.Foxes…wolves 13.These are the ______ of our national ______.A.photos … heroes B.photoes … heroes C.photos … heros 14.The ______ are running on the ______.A.deer … grasses B.deers … grass C.deer … grass 15.I was so hungry and I ate two ______.A.bowls of noodle B.bowls of noodles C.bowl of noodles 3）.填入所给名词的正确形式 1.I have two_____(knife)2.There are many _____ here.(box)3.There are many _____ on the road.(bus)4.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(boy)5.The _____ are playing football now.(child)4）请用括号中名词的复数形式填空 Look at those _______.(child)2 I can see a __________ standing near the door.(policeman)3 Do you want some ________ for dinner?(potato)4 In autumn, you can see a lot of _______ on the ground.(leaf)5 He has two _______.One is blue , the other is yellow.(box)6 Two ________ live in this building.(family)5）选择正确的词形 1 How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 2 There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.3 Look at those(sheeps, sheep).4 I don’t want(a, an)old cup.5 Give me that(box, boxes), please.6）将以下单复数句进行转换 1 This is a knife.______________________________________ 2 That is a tomato.______________________________________ 3 That child is very good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice.______________________________________ 5 Those are children.______________________________________
1、I want three white paper.A、pieces B、piece of C、pieces of
2、Do you want to drink much ? A、a milk B、milk C、milks
3、This is room.It’s very big.A、Lily and Lucy’s B、Lily’s and Lucy’s C、Lily’s and Lucy
4、We visited house yesterday.A、Tom B、Toms C、Tom’s
5、Do you want some for supper? A、a potato B、potatoes C、potatos
6、In autumn，you can see a lot of on the ground.A、leaf B、leafs C、leaves
7、My sister has two.One is old，the other is new.A、a watch B、watchs C、watches
8、Best wishes to you for Day!A、Teacher’s B、Teachers’ C、Teacher
9、Many children like to go to the Palace on Sunday.A、Children B、Children’s C、Childrens’ 第一部分：
1.There are some ________ on the hill.A.sheeps B.a sheep C.sheep D.sheepes 2.Mr Black often gives us ________ by Email.A.some good information B.some good informations C.good informations D.a good information 3.There are some new books in the school library.They are ____ books.A.child B.childrens' C.children D.children's 4.I have worn out my shoes, so I want to buy a new ________.A.pair B.one C.ones D.trousers 5.Meimei's handwriting is better than any other ______ in his class.A.students B.students C.student's D.students' 6.The hospital is a bit far from here.It's about _______.A.forty minutes's walk B.forty minute's walk C.forty minutes walk D.forty minutes' walk 7.How many _____ are there in your class ?
A.Japanese B.American C.Australian D.Canadian 8.I found my black cat in_____ room.A.Jim and Mike B.Jim and Mike's C.Jim's and Mike's D.Jim's and Mike 9.How much are the _____ ? A.bread B.meats.C.potatos D.tomatoes 10.There are many ______ in our school.A.woman teachers B.woman's teachers C.women teachers D.women's teachers 11.Three months ________ a long time for me.A.is B.are C.have D.has 12.There are ______ and ______ on the table.A.two boxes cake;four bottle of oranges B.two boxes cake;four bottle of orange C.two boxes of cakes;four bottles of orange D.two box of cakes;four bottles of oranges 第二部分
1.All the _____teachers and______students are having a meeting there.A.women …girls B.women… girl C.woman…girls D.woman…girl
2.Mr Black is a friend of _________.A.Jack's aunt's B.Jack's aunt C.Jack aunt's D.aunt's of Jack 3.This toy was made by a ____ boy.A.ten-year-old B.ten-years-old C.ten-year-older D.ten-years-older 4.The farmer raised ten _________.A.sheeps B.deers C.horse D.cows 5.She looked at us sadly with her eyes as large as_________.A.her grandmother B.her grandmother's C.her grandmothers' D.that of her grandmother 6.We have moved into a ________.A.two-storey house B.house of two storey C.two-storeys house
第三篇：名词单复数
1.We are ________(student).2.I have five ________(watch).3.Her father is a ________(doctor).4.What’s your ______(job)? 5.What are their ________(job)? 6.These _________(shelf)are not very good.7.Two ________(wolf)are in the forest.8.The ____________(housewife)are very lazy.9.I have two ________(knife).Do you need one? 10.There is a _______(hero).11.This _______(potato)is very nice.12.There is a red _________(tomato)on the table.13.We have four ________(piano)in our school.用单词的适当形式填空
1、There are four_____(apple)on the ground.2、There are five _____(bird)in the tree.3、I have three _____(eraser).4、There is one _____(cap)on the desk.5、I have two _____(pencil box).6、There are nine _____(dish)on the plate.3/4
7、There are two _____(boy)in our classroom.8、There are so many _____(leaf)on the tree.9、There are fifteen _____(knife).10、There are six _____(candy)in the in the jar.写出下列句子的复数句子。1.This is my friend.2.That is his brother.3.Is this your sister? 4.Is that her cousin? 5.What’s this?
6.This is an apple tree.7.It is an old backpack.
第四篇：名词单复数规则
名词与可数名词单复数
一、分类：可数名词和不可数名词
1、可数名词：一个一个数得出来的，有复数形式
apple---two apples
bus---two buses
chair---two chairs
box---two boxes
2、不可数名词：无法一个个数出来的，无复数形式 1)多数物质名词（无法分割，数不出）
water ice air paper（纸张）milk glass（玻璃）2)多数抽象名词（虚无缥缈，数不出）
love friendship（友谊）fun（乐趣）luck music health（健康）3)太多太细（数不清）
sand
salt
hair
grass（草）rice
snow 4)总称类名词（表全体，无法数）
food（食物）waste（垃圾）furniture（家具）poetry（诗歌）
3、多数名词既作可数又作不可数 apple
作可数：I want to eat an apple.作不可数：I want to eat apple.cake
作可数：a cake
一个（整个）蛋糕）作不可数：a piece of cake 一块蛋糕
例子：I want to buy a cake.我想买一个蛋糕。（可数）I want to eat cake.（不可数）
I want to eat a piece of cake.（不可数）
4、有些不可数名词在特定情况下有复数形式
water---waters（水体）wind---winds（一阵一阵的风）sand---sands（沙滩）tea---two teas（两份茶水）
5、可数名词通常不单独使用，需在前面加限定词（冠词、代词、数词、量词等）或用复数形式，省略冠词除外
There are five students in the classroom.（加数词）There are a lot of students in the classroom.（加量词）A horse is very useful.This horse is very useful.Horses are very useful.Horse is very useful.（╳）
二、可数名词的复数读音
1、大于一即算复数，如 one and a half hours 一个半小时
2、元音字母有五个：a、e、i、o、u
3、元音字母中，u不一定都发元音音标开头 uncle（发元音音标开头）usually（发辅音音标开头）university（同上）
4、y虽为辅音字母，放词尾常发元音 baby
sky
5、名词复数的读音：清音后读/s/，元音或浊音后读/z/，“嘶”（/s/、/z/、/ʃ/、/ʒ/、/t ʃ /、/dʒ/）音后读/iz/
books / bʊks/（读清音）brothers /'brʌðəz/（读浊音）
beds /bedz/（读浊音）oranges / 'ɒrɪndʒiz /（“嘶”音后，读/ iz /）
三、规则变化
1、一般直接加-s
book---books
table---tables
orange---oranges
2、辅音加y结尾的词，把y改成i再加-es baby---babies
city---cities lady---ladies
sky---skies
注：元音加y结尾的词，直接加-s boys
days
为什么要把y先改成i再加-es？ 原因：
1）y是半元音，即有时发辅音，有时发元音，若不变i会被误认为发辅音 year（发辅音）yellow（发辅音）baby（发元音）city（发元音）babys（被误以为y发辅音）citys（被误以为y发辅音）
2）如果不变成i会违反英语拼写规则
英语拼写规则：辅音字母写在一起不能超过三个，如school，spring，street skys（四个辅音字母写在一起）
3、以发“嘶”音的字母（s、x、sh、ch）结尾的词，加-es，读成/iz/ bus---buses box---boxes brush---brushes watch---watches 注：stomach因为ch不发“嘶”故直接加-s，即 stomachs 为什么要加-es？
1）为了让听者能辨别是单数还是复数
boxs（听不出是复数）boxes（一听就知道是复数）watchs（听不出是复数）watches（一听就知道是复数）2）为了拼写上不被误认为是双写s或违反拼写规则
boss---bosses（bosss违反拼写规则，同一个字母最多连写两个，如apple）bus若加-s，变成buss，会被误以为buss是一个单词 buses（一看就是bus的复数）
4、辅音字母加o结尾，多数加-es，少数（特别是外来词和缩略词）加-s 加-es： tomatoes potatoes heroes
加-s：pianos（外来词，来自意大利语 photos（photograph的缩写）注：元音加o结尾的，直接加-s zoos
radios
5、f或fe结尾的词，多把f或fe改成v再加-es（特别是发长音的），少数直接加-s（多为发短音），极个别有两种形式 加-es：knife---knives wife---wives wolf---wolves leaf---leaves 加-s：roofs屋顶 proofs证据
两种形式均可：handkerchiefs/ handkerchieves手帕 为什么要把f或fe变v再加-es？ 原因：方便发音，以免断气
knifes（读完没气了）knives（读完肚子还有气）
6、不规则变化
1）有man的单词，把man变men
man---men woman---women（注意读音）
policeman---policemen Englishman---Englishmen 注：German不属于词类，故直接加-s，即Germans 2）oo变ee（鹅用牙齿咬你脚）goose---geese鹅 tooth---teeth牙齿 foot---feet脚
3）公牛孩子和老鼠，复数最特殊 ox---oxen公牛
child---children 孩子 mouse---mice 老鼠 4）单复数同形
sheep绵羊 fish鱼 deer鹿
-ese结尾的表某国人的名词：Chinese，Japanese，Vietnamese（越南人）
3、有些名词常以复数形式出现（多为由两部分组成的名词）glasses眼镜（两块镜片）trousers裤子（两个裤筒）pajamas睡衣（连衣带裤）
（四）不可数名词
1、要表数量时需加量词，表“几个”含义，量词需变复数 water
a bottle of water two cups of water
bread a piece of bread
two pieces of bread paper
a piece of paper
two pieces of paper
2、仅仅表示一些，可some、much、a lot of修饰（不可用many）some water一些水 much water 一些水 a lot of water很多水
3、有时不可数名词也可以变复数，表“多份”、“很多” two beers两份啤酒 two coffees 两份咖啡 waters各种各样的水
名词单复数练习：把下列名词变成复数
coat _______ skirt _______ house _______ car ________ brush _______ box _________ toy _______ umbrella _________ ticket ________ class _________ classroom _______ teacher _________ son ___________ student _______ job _________ orange_________ class __________ monkey __________ piano _________ child ___________ country _________ family ___________ toy ____________ foot ___________
Japanese ___________ radio ____________photo ____________ tomato ____________ fox ___________ woman _____________knife ___________ sheep_____________ 二、一般现在时
注：英语的时间要通过谓语动词体现出来（形合句特点），中文则不用（意合句）中文：我昨天去学校。我今天去学校。我明天去学校。
英语：I went to school yesterday.I go to school today.I will go to school tomorrow.1、作用：表示一般性、经常性、习惯性动作或状态，偶尔表将来 I get up early every day.She is my English teacher.2、构成：
1）be动词：am、are、is am用于第一人单数：即I I am a student.= I’m student.I’m not a student.are用于第二人称及所有复数：即you，we，they You are late.= You’re late.We are students.= We’re students.They are not here.= They’re not here.is用于第三人称单数：即he，she，it He is a student.She is a worker.It is my book.2）其他动词：动词原形（按字典的写法）We go to the park every week.注：has用于第三人称单数，have第三人称单数以外的情况 He has a new bike.We have a new school.3）第三人称单数：需在动词后加s（同名词变复数的方法）He goes to the theatre every week.She does morning exercise every day.John plays the piano every night.3、常用时间状语（表习惯性）always总是、often经常、usually通常、every morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有时、from time to time时不时、twice a week一周两次、seldom 很少、never从不
4、一般现在时的具体应用：习惯真理和瞬间，书评将来也可用 1）表习惯、经常性的事
He gets up at 7:00 every morning.2）表示真理性、客观性的事
Light goes faster than sound.光比声音传播得快。The moon moves round the earth.月亮绕着地球转。Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。3）表瞬间发生的事
Tom passes the ball to John.John shoots.What a goal！汤姆传球给约翰。约翰射门。球进了！4）用写书评、读后感
I finished reading a book yesterday.It is about a little princess.Her mother dies when she is young.5）表示安排好的将来一定发生的事（详见一般将来时专题）Now it’s 8:00.The train leaves at 10:00.The final exam is in next week.一般现在是练习：用所给词的正确形式填空 1.We often___________(play)on the playground.2.He _________(get)up at six o’clock.3.__________you _________(brush)your teeth every morning.4.What_________(do)he usually _____(do)after school?
5.Danny ________(study)English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at school.6.Mike sometimes __________(go)to the park with his sister.7.At eight at night, she ________(watch)TV with his parents.8.________ Mike________(read)English every day?
9.How many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)on Monday? 10.What time ________his mother_________(do)the housework?
第五篇：名词单复数变化
名词的单复数形式变化
一、最常见的就是直接在名词后面+s Boy—boys（男孩）cat—cats（猫）room—rooms（房间）horse—horses（马）tree—trees（树）rose—roses（玫瑰）
二、如果名词是以x、s、sh、ch结尾的，在名词后面+es Branch—branches（树枝）match—matches（火柴）fox—foxes（狐狸）class—classes（班级）bus—buses（公交车）Box—boxes（箱子）watch—watches（手表）dish—dishes（盘子）coach—coaches（车厢）couch—couches（沙发）
三、如果名词是以辅音加y结尾的，要变y为i加es;如果不是以辅音结尾的，就直接在y后面加上s Family—families（家庭）study—studies（学习）party—parties(派对)baby—babies（宝贝）city—cities（城市）
Boy—boys（男孩）toy—toys（玩具）way—ways（方法、路）monkey—monkeys（猴子）key—keys（钥匙）
四、当名词是以fe或f结尾的，要变fe或f为v，再加es；有的直接加s Thief—thieves（小偷）shelf—shelves（书架）leaf—leaves（树叶）half—halves（一半）Wolf—wolves（狼）life—lives（生活、生命）wife—wives（妻子）knife—knives（刀）Roof—roofs（房顶）belief—beliefs（信念）proof—proofs（证据）
五、当名词是以o结尾有生命的加es，没有生命的加s Potato—potatoes（土豆）tomato—tomatoes（西红柿）
hero—heroes（英雄）Photo—photos（相片）zoo—zoos（动物园）radio—radios（广播）piano—pianos（钢琴）
六、名词复数不规则变化
Child—children（小孩）mouse—mice（老鼠）man—men（男人）woman—women（女人）German—Germans（德国人）
Englishman—Englishmen（英国人）Frenchman---frenchmen（法国人）foot—feet（足，脚）tooth—teeth（牙齿）1）单复数同形
Deer—deer（鹿）fish—fish（鱼）Chinese—Chinese（中国人）Japanese—Japanese（日本人）2）集体名词，名词以单数的形式出现，但是实际上是指的复数 People（人们）police（警察）public（公众）
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