托福听力技巧小结之学听开头信息

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第一篇:托福听力技巧小结之学听开头信息

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托福听力技巧小结之学听开头信息

下面为大家整理了托福听力考试技巧,即要快速抓住开头信息,供同学们进行参考下载。

托福听力要学会抓住开头信息。托福听力要学会抓住关键点这个大家都知道了,那么听力的这些关键信息都在哪呢?下面的托福听力技巧就为大家介绍一下如何从开头攻克听力,希望对大家提高托福考试听力成绩有帮助。

托福听力说话者表达主旨或谈话的目的的语句往往出现在开头的几句话,是把握全局的重点。

信号词:(在此建议考生,每天要把所有的信号词读个几遍,强迫自己听到这个词马上反应过来这里有考点)Today, we’ll focus on/constrated/discuss…。

Today, our topic is…

Let’s…

托福听力技巧特殊情况(也经常出现):托福考试听力开头会将讲一些上次课讲的东西,作为复习,之后才是主旨,我们把这种情况称为:Miss start

注意:出现Miss Start,上次课讲的东西一定要听,在这部分很可能出细节题

Miss Start 信号词:Before we get started, let’s review what we’ve learned last class…Let’s pick up where we left off last week, OK, as you recall(记得)…

Before we begin our discussion on…(此处为本次主题),Let’s review what we know about…(此处为上次主题)

间接开头: In your text book, the author says that…(主题出现),I thought we all to/should take sometime to talk about it.(不一定完全一样,但是类型差不多)

第二篇:托福听力技巧归纳之听VOA

托福听力技巧归纳之听VOA 官方网站:

托福听力技巧归纳之听VOA。下面为大家总结了托福听力水平提高的相关方法技巧,即经常听VOA,并做了具体说明,供同学们下载进行参考。

经常听VOA能够提高听力水平。新托福听力能力的提高冰冻三尺非一日之寒,我们需要在平常的点点滴滴开始托福听力能力的提高和积累。

我先后考过两次托福,第一次102分,第二次108分,在第二次考试里听力居然满分,挺惊喜的。我真正开始投入大量时间准备托福大概有3个月。由于还在上课,每天准备托福的时间也就是4小时左右。但平时去教室的路上、坐公交、吃饭时也经常是戴着耳机听VOA、《科学美国人》还有《托福高分作文》配套音频。这种零碎时间加起来平均每天也应该有一个小时,闲暇时间也经常是关了字幕看英文电影。

一般情况下,尤其是对于像我这种工科生,大学里在准备GT之前是很少会花大量心血准备英语的。记得有同学开玩笑说过,如果是高三暑假去考托福就好了。的确,没有 GT的话,大学生的英语水平通常是逐年降低的。想让逐渐降低的英语水平反弹,肯定是需要一番决心的。

做事都要遵循一个循序渐进的原则,听力的提高也不例外。如果一个英语基础一般的大学生直接用VOA来练听力,那多半是坚持不下来的——过高的强度会导致大脑的“罢工”,非常容易走神。我开始练习听力时是用老托福的听力材料,就那种1分多钟1篇的。这套音频的语速、内容都不算太难理解,而且有对应的文章可以看,听的时候发现自己哪里跟不上了可以马上停下来看文章。如果想同时练习写作的同学可以换成《托福高分作文》配套音频听。

等到老托福听力材料已经能听懂80%,就可以提高难度了。作为面向外国人的英语能力测试,老托福的语速、连读情况和真正美国人说话自然还是有差别。而在老托福的听力材料之后,我就直接强迫自己听VOAstandard。这个跨度很大,主要是因为我没能找到难度居于两者之间的听力材料。VOA的语速已经比新托福考试要快了,但其价值也正是如此。所谓“求其上上得其上”,如果把VOA都能听懂,还怕托福听力吗?但果不其然,初听VOA时我大脑出现了严重的“罢工”现象,常常没听几分钟就走神了。为了让自己集中注意力,我开始“听说”。

第三篇:托福听力策略小结

托福听力策略小结

1.在快速浏览时获取信息。尽管听力考察的是你的听的能力,但同时也是对你阅读能力的一种考验。对很多考生来说,最大的问题是时间不够,你必须很快的读,因为每题中间的间隔只有12秒。所以,不要仔细读选项句子,而应该快速浏览,寻找并记住关键词。也就是说,要纵向的看选项而不是横向的看。而当你看的时候,注意下面的信息:

a)注意重复的词语,这些词通常会给你一些线索,还会帮你回忆起你在题目中听过的人名和事物名称。

b)注意各个选项中的主要区别。你可能会看到一些不同的名字或地点或不同的动词,这些不同之处将会帮你确定这道题中哪些是你要听的关键,即关键词。2.排除明显错误的选项。及时排除明显错误的选项,将有助于你提高正确率。3.把握做题的节奏。做题的节奏在听力中比在其他部分中要重要的多,在你平时练习的时候,你可能会停下磁带等自己选出正确的答案,千万不要这样做。因为你在真正考试的时候无法让磁带根据你自己的意愿停下来,所以在你平时练习的时候也不要这么做。练习的时候选一个较少受打扰的地方,并一次做完一套题(50题)。

4.反复的练习。托福考试和其他很多考试一样,需要知识和技巧。有些人有足够的知识,但是得了低分。这是他们的患得患失引起的焦虑。而另外一些人则需要更多的词汇和语法知识来提高他们的分数。知识和考试技巧都能够在反复的练习中得到很大的提高而且反复的练习能够帮助你消除部分的焦虑。如果你对托福考试的规则有较多的了解,你会在考试中表现得更加轻松。

第四篇:托福听力笔记技巧+常用符号

托福听力笔记技巧+常用符号

托福听力讲座部分内容很多,学生往往很难把握这部分听力内容,托福听力笔记就显得很重要,那让我们一起来看看做托福听力笔记有哪些技巧吧!

托福听力笔记技巧一:确定记录内核心话题

托福听力正式开始之前会有一个简短介绍,之后屏幕上会出现一些和托福听力内容相关的,可以帮助我们确定托福听力核心话题的提示,例如,listen to a conversation between a professor and student in a professor and student.从中可以知道下面对话内容的场景:biology class,然后会出现一个图片,里面文字为:Friends of the Earth, Biology class。后面还会有一个对话内容的图片。通过这些文字和图片,我们可以推断这个对话的主题为与人类地球有关的一个结构,这样机构主要会负责环保事宜。确定主题可以让考生悬着的心落地。

确定托福听力核心话题后,就是记录与其相关的细节,主要的细节为what , when, where , who , why和 how等。注意记录对话和演讲中信息引导词和信息引导句后面的信息,例如,First „„, let's look at the „„, Now, Let's move on to „„, in the nest part of lecture ,I 'd like to talk about „„

托福听力笔记技巧二:记清开头

托福听力的开头部分一般是出主旨题的考点,所以我们需要特别注意听力材料开头部分关键词之后的内容,也就是我们需要找到的主旨。

我们需要记录的是“let’s talk about„/Today I wanna talk about„/ let’s continue our discussion about„”等之后的名词性短语,也就是文章的主旨。比如:Today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s。关键词“we are going to talk about”之后的名词性短语就是我们需要文章的主旨——一个风格独特的早期电影人。

托福听力笔记技巧三:记录主要分支、分论点

分支和分论点一般在总分结构的文章,以及一些描述事情发展的条件或者过程中都会涉及。我们需要特别注意教授提到的明确或隐含的分支分类,以及过程类的关键词。要对分类,过程,对比的具体内容敏感,并且进行简要的记录。

比如关于章鱼的讲座中,教授就明确地提到了其保护自己的三种方式:by changing color, by changing its texture, and by changing its size and shape,之后的讲座中就分别详细的介绍了

这三种方式是如何进行的。在记笔记的过程中,需要记录三个分支相应的主要内容。

托福听力笔记技巧四:记录举出的例子

在托福听力材料中听到教授举例的时候往往也是出考点的地方,这时候我们需要注意教授举例的主要内容,以及这个例子想要表达或者支持的观点是什么。举例的信号词不需多讲,最常见的比如:for example, for instance, say等等,听到这些词汇的时候我们的耳朵需要特别的敏感。

为了更好的掌握以上托福听力笔记技巧,我们需要了解以下托福听力笔记原则:

托福听力笔记原则1:竖写原则

每次考试拿3张A4纸,要好好利用这个纸头。

两/三折,一个目的是省纸,另外一个目的是不会凌乱

最主要原因是:出题按篇章顺序,定位方便

托福听力笔记原则2:换行原则

每行建议记不超过三个单词

强迫自己要换行,这样子每行单词不超过三个的话就清晰可见,并且可以有效防止笔记自己都看不懂的情况。

托福听力笔记原则3:名词为主原则

挑关键词记~!而且尤其推荐记名词!

为何记名词呢?首先是因为主语和宾语都是名词,其次,名词的不可替换性大。

动词是逻辑性脑子记更强更快!而且替换行大。

长名词建议缩写,七万不可以因为记笔记而漏听信息

我们的目标不是为了记笔记而记笔记!

托福听力笔记原则4:缩写原则

(1)英英

•首字母大写记:专有名词

•辅音:去掉所有元音,只留辅音

词汇太长的不太建议

短的单词,元音多的可以

manage=mng

message=msg

research=rsch

market=mkt

apartment=apt

•去尾:几乎所有单词适用

名词结尾的后缀全部去尾

advertisement=ad

information=info

insurance=ins

(2)英中

mountain=山

托福听力笔记原则5:数字不记原则

出现年代顺序的可以留意

排序题虽然少但是可以关注

年代对比~!

托福听力笔记原则6:符号原则

建议拥有自己的符号系统

寒暄类语句不关注

重复的信息前面引下来,不需要重复记。下面,梳理了托福听力笔记中常用的符号系统:

↑表示“上升、快速上升、快速发展、快速上涨等”

↓表示“下降、减少、急剧下降、急速下跌等”;

↗表示“缓慢上升,缓慢发展、缓慢上涨等”;

←表示“返回,倒退等”;

→表示“达到,至,导致,前进等”;

+表示“加,增加,此外,另外,又加之”;

—表示“减少,减”;

>表示“多于,大于,强于”;

<表示“少于,小于,不如”;

∵表示“因为,由于”;

∴表示“所以,因此”;

=表示“等于,相同,与„„相同”。

t表示thousand;

m;表示million;

b表示 billion;

1st表示first。

第五篇:英语作文开头技巧小结

英语作文开头技巧小结

常言道“良好的开端是成功的一半。”作文开头如果能恰倒好处,常常能一下子抓住读者,也能增加文章的亮点。所以能否灵活自如地、独特精当地写好作文开头往往关系到一篇文章的成败。对于英语作文来说,写好开头尤为重要。英语作文篇幅简短,开头更须明确文章主题。下面介绍几种常用的英语作文开头写作方法。

1、开门见山,直入正题(开门见山法)

开门见山法要求开头用一两句话就引出主题,也就是说,让读者快速了解文章的主旨,一目了然,而不是去绕圈子,最终不知所云。比如unit1 Book4的《Are women given a fair chance?》(《妇女有同等的机会吗》)的开头: I don‟t think women are given a fair chance to have as good a career as men for three reasons.就直接提出观点,直接明了。又如作文“I Have a Dream”(《我有一个梦想》)的开头是这样的: My dream is to be a doctor.And I have never changed my mind till now.2、引用名言警句,推出主题(名言名句法)

对于许多作文题,可以使用使用引用名言名句进行开头。因为引用名言名句是经过加工过的语言,有力度,有价值,会使文章增色。这样,用极短的语言就能点明题旨,解决写什么的问题,从而达到快速入题的目的。比如上次诊断性测试中关于考试作弊方面的作文章,就可以引用名言:“Honesty is the best policy.(诚实才是上策)”,一句话即可表明文章主旨,又会使文章上一个档次。又如作文“Computer Games”(《电脑游戏》)的开头:There‟s a well-known saying “As one coin has two sides, everything has its advantages and disadvantages.” Computer games are no exception.It has brought us both advantages and disadvantages.3、出其不意 深化主题(欲扬先抑法)

有些作文题,为了突出文章中的人物,在开头如果使用欲扬先抑法,给读者留一个反面的印象,后面文风一转,出其不意,会受到良好的效果。这样比正面写某个人要好得多。比如写关于母亲的文章,一般都认为母亲是关爱子女的,你在开头写上:I don‟t think mother love me as deeply as father does.…或者是“I hate my mother.…”会给读者带来兴趣,想读下去。再在文章中间和结尾写出母亲对你的特别关爱,来个出其不意,会取得良好的效果。

4、描述现象,引发主题(背景法)

这种写法要求先描述一种普遍存在的现象,然后再发表对该现象的看法和观点,从而点明主题。如作文“Say „No‟ to Smoking”(《对吸烟说“不”》)的开头:

Nowadays smoking is popular.Even some teenagers smoke.If you ask them “Why do you smoke?” They might answer “It looks cool.” Is it really a cool thing? I‟m afraid I can‟t agree.5、陈述不同观点,衬托主题(衬托法)

简要阐释人们对某一话题的不同观点后,亮明自己更加合理的看法,以起到到一种承托的作用。如作文“My Best Friend”(《我最要好的朋友》)的开头: “Best Friend” may have different definitions to different people.A child may regard the ones who always whisper to him as his best friends.The young boys may regard the ones who always play with them as their best friends.To me “Best friend” is the one who I like best and we are faithful to each other.6、自问自答,引出主题(提问法)

这种方式要求针对某话题先提出问题,然后给予解答,通过答案的方式来呈现观点。如作文“What I Want to Be When I Grow Up?”(《我长大了要做什么?》)的开头:What I Want to Be When I Grow Up? My answer is “an English interpreter”.Why do I hope to become an English interpreter? There are two reasons.7、身边事件,导出主题(故事法)

从身边熟悉的人或事引发感想,导出主题,显得自然、贴切。如作文“Fast Food”(《快餐》)的开头: When my seven-year-old brother behaves well in school, he will ask for nothing but “KFC” as reward.As a matter of fact we would find it difficult to refuse such attraction of fast food too.But why are they so popular? 四六级写作中常用的开头段的表达方法举例如下:

●使用引语(use a quotation)

使用一段名人名言,或人们常用的谚语、习语,以确定文章的写作范围和方向。如:

“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them.” Colton, a great writer once remarked.But it still has a profound significance now.To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.分析:开头引用Colton的名言说明“创造机会”对于成功的重要性,点明主题。

●引用具体或粗略的数据(use figures or statistics)

当然对于图表题型,该种方法是必须的选择,具体做法是给出一些具体或粗略的数据,然后作出概括性分析,点明主题或引出需要论述的问题。如:

As is demonstrated in the table, more and more college graduates are out of a job in our country, which is a serious problem to our economic development and social security.It is estimated that in 2004, there are 500,000 unemployed graduates, more than 30% higher than in 2002.分析:文章引用2004年找不到工作的毕业生达到50万这一数据来说明大学生找 工作难这一现象的严重性,很有说服力。

●提出问题(ask a question)

提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题,然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。如:

What do you want from your work Money Promotions Interesting challenges Continual learning Work-based friendships The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provide more than material things.分析:文章开头提出“你想从工作中得到什么”这一问题,然后自问自答,指出工作 除了物质利益,还可以给我们带来很多其它收获这一结论。

●给出具体实例或报道(offer relevant examples or reports)给出具体生活实例或新闻报道 如:

As regards the stress for college students, there has been a heated discussion among the public in the society.It was reported that a student killed four of his classmates just because of a trivial matter.It can be easily seen that pressure has become a serious issue we cannot neglect.分析:文章通过引用新闻报道的一个实例,说明了大学生心理问题的严重性。

●定义法(give definition)

针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义,然后进行深入探讨。如:

As we all know, practice makes perfect.This is an accumulated experience we inherit from our forefathers, and now it is still widely applied to our daily life.It means that the more we practice, the more likely we are going to do things perfectly.分析:文章用It means that这一句型,说明了practice makes perfect的含义。

●主题句法(use of topic sentence)

文章一开始就以主题句点明全文主题,然后围绕主题内容进行发展。如:

Nowadays one of the serious problems China is faced with is the increasing illiteracy among the adolescents.According to a recent survey by Dr.Li, dean of Educational Department of Beijing Normal University, about 18% of the children between 8 and 15 years old have dropped out of school across the country.分析:文章开头即提出中国的文盲现象日益严重这一问题,然后再用实例数据加以佐证。开头段的常用核心句型归纳如下,大家可选择使用:

● As opposed to generally accepted views, I believe that …

● The arguer may be right about …, but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that ….● Although it is commonly agreed that …, it is unlikely to be true that ….● There is an element of truth in this statement, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that ….● In all the discussion and debate over …, one important fact is generally overlooked.● On the surface(At first thought), it(this)may seem a sound(an attractive)

suggestion(solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind(on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that …

● Although many people believe that …, I wonder whether the argument bears much analysis ● The danger(problem / fact / truth / point)is that….● I agree with the above statement because I believe that ….● There is a public controversy nowadays over the issue of ….Those who object to … argue that ….But people who favor …, on the other hand, argue that….● Currently(In recent years / In the past few years / For many years now), there is(has been)a(n)general(widespread / growing / widely held)feeling towards(concern over / attitude towards / trend towards / awareness of / realization of / illusion of / belief in)….● As far as I am concerned, however, I believe that ….● Now it is commonly(widely / generally / increasingly)believed(thought / held / accepted/ felt / recognized / acknowledged)that ….But I wonder(doubt)whether …

英语写作开篇八法

良好的开端是成功写作的一半。英语作文一个好的开篇不但能引人入胜,激起读者的阅读兴趣,而且还会给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象。开篇是写好整篇作文的关键一环,同时也是最难的一环。下面介绍几种常见的开篇方法:

开门见山法

文章一开头就点明主题,把中心思想一目了然地呈现给读者。这是四级短文写作最常用的一种开篇方法。例如:

1)Whether you are a smoker or a nonsmoker,you should take measures to protect your lungs.

2)Happiness is easy to find and easy to lose. It depends on the way you look at life.

以上两例都是开门见山地点明文章的主旨,随后的句子就可以围绕着这个中心展开写。

交代背景法

开篇就把事件发生的时间、地点、人物及情景等交代得清清楚楚。这种方法多用于叙述文和描写文。例如:

1)It was cold and bleak in the late winter. The nightwas dark;nota star was to be seen in the gloomy and dismal sky.The north wind was howling dreadfully outside the house,like the screams of some wounded wild beasts.

2)Today is my birthday.It is the first time that Ispent my birthday in the United States.Being alone and far away from home,I intended to spend the day quietly all myself.

例1)开篇通过景色描写展现出一幅凄凉的画面:严冬时节,北风呼啸,天上看不见星星。这样的描写让读者有一种如闻其声,如临其境之感,有助于制造气氛,让人感到悲哀沮丧。例2)开篇就交代了“我”是在异乡过生日,以及“我”打算怎样过这个生日,这就造成一种悬念,“我”的这个生日是否按“我”原来的想法度过。提出问题法

用提出问题的方法引出文章的主题,以激起读者的阅读兴趣。然后可以针对这个问题进行解答,这样也就展开了段落。这种方法可用于各种文体。例如:

1)What is success?Different people may give different answers to this question. Some people think that...

2)Can wealth bring happiness?Different people have different opinions about this. Some people take it for granted that wealth is the source of happiness.Some people...

名言警句法

所谓“名言警句”是指人们耳熟能详的谚语、习语、俗语、警句或伟人的论述等,它们常常

具有权威性或其道理已为大家公认。由此开篇可以增强文章的说服力。但要注意所引述的名言警句一定要家喻户晓,人所共知,不可引述生僻的名言。另外,一般是用直接引语来引述,所以务必准确无误。例如:

1)As an old saying goes,“Art is long,but life is short.”We have only limited time to obtain unlimited knowledge.

2)“Practice makes perfect.”This self-evident proverb means doing something repeatedly is the way to become very good at it.

数据统计法

就是引用一些具体的、已经证实的统计数字来引出文章的主题。然后以这些数据作为证据,来论述、解释、说明要表达的思想,这样开篇可信度高,说服力强。使用此法时,要注意所引述的数据或数字一定要准确,来源可靠,切不可为了说明某一问题而杜撰数据。此法主要用于说明文和议论文中,图表作文时用得最多。例如:

1)Unemployment rose from 7.5%in June2002to 7.8%in July 2002,the highest rate since January of that year,the Labor Department reported.

2)According to a recent poll,61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once.

3)There are 7 billion people in the world(2000 figure),and the smokers are about 1.4 billion,which make up 20 percent of the world's total population.

例1)是一篇关于失业问题的短文。文章一开篇就引用了来自劳动部的报告:失业率从2002年6月的7.5%上升到 7月的7.8%,达到那年自元月份起的最高点。这一具体数字有力地论证了中心思想———失业问题的严重性。例2)和例3)同样是在文章开篇使用具体的统计数字,分别说明美国中学生作弊的普遍性和世界吸烟人数之多。

比较对比法

在作文开篇把人们熟悉的人物或事物与其他的人物或事物放在一起,分析它们的相似或不同之处。通过比较对比,强调某一人物或事物,使读者对其有更为深刻的认识和理解。例如: The relationship between a teacher and a student can be good or bad,helpful or harmful. Either way,the relationship can affect the student for the rest of his life.A good teacher-student relationship will make learning enjoyable and interesting,whereas a bad relationship can discourage the student from learning and make teaching an unpleasant task.

例句用对比的方法开头,通过对比良好的师生关系对教与学产生的积极影响和恶劣的师生关系产生的不良影响,说明建立良好的师生关系的重要性。

进行定义法

就是对文章要阐述的主题先下个定义,或者对文章题目所用的词汇、所持的观点或所提到的事物进行定义,然后通过举例、逻辑推理等方法加以详细说明或论述。这种方法的作用就是解释概念,限定范围,然后引入正文。应该说明的是,文章所下的定义总的来说应该简练,而且也有别于哲学意义上的定义。此法常用于说明文和议论文。

1)Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities.For example,psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad,but others make you happy.They want to know why some people are shy,but others are quite talkative.

2)Self-confidence means the trust in one's own ability.As a very important psychological quality,it brings your creative power,arouses your enthusiasm and helps you overcome difficulties.

例1)文章开篇先给心理学下定义,接着通过举例的方法进一步解释这一定义,让读者对心理学的含义具有准确的理解。例2)是对自信进行简单的定义,然后再展开说明或论述。

其他方法

英语作文开篇的方法还有很多。例如:

1)She views the world through outsized glasses.Her hair is long and flowing. She wears a mini-skirt even in winter.She is the Today girl,the modern teenage girl.

文章开篇对“她”进行了一番描述:她,带着特大号眼镜,长发飘飘,甚至在大冬天还穿着迷你裙。一个新潮的现代女孩的形象跃然纸上。这是以描述人物开篇。

2)There are three kinds of book owners.The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers,untouched.The second has a great many books—a few of them read through.The third has a few books or many—every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated. 文章开篇把拥有书的人分为三类,然后再详细描述这三类人。这是以分类的方法开篇。如何写好作文的结尾段

文章的开头很重要,因为精彩的开头可以吸引读者、抓住读者的注意力。同样,文章的结尾也很重要,好的结尾会使读者对全文的中心思想留下深刻的印象,可以增添文章的效果和说服力,起到画龙点睛的作用。确切地说,结尾的作用就是概括全文内容,进一步强调或肯定文章的中心思想,使读者加深印象;有时也用于展望未来,提出今后方向或令人深思的问题给读者留下回味和思考的余地。重复中心思想

回到文章开头阐明的中心思想或主题句上,达到再次肯定和强调的效果。例如:

In conclusion,we should know about the problem of fake commodities,and object to their being sold in the market.Only in this way can we eliminate them completely from the market.

In short,my opinion on this theme is reading selectively.We should learn not only how to select books,but how to select better books.

应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文

应用引语 用格言、谚语或习语总结全文,既言简意赅又有更强的说服力。例如:

This lesson tells us that Rome was not built in one day.We should advance in order and keep patient if we want to get the goal on time.

But once they find a job suiting them best,they'd better stick to it and work hard on it,or else they would get nowhere.As an old saying goes” A rolling stone never gathers mosses.” 用反问结尾

用反问结尾 虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,具有明显的强调作用,引起读者思考。例如:

Therefore,listening skills must be consciously improved.Since it is such an important means of learning and communication,why should we not develop this ability as far as possible?

So,what can we benefit from wealth if we do not have health? 提出展望或期望

提出展望或期望 表示对将来的展望或期待读者投入行动。例如:

From all the reasons above,we know that great changes had taken place in developing countries.And I believe that in the near future,people in these countries would enjoy the most comfortable life that they have never imagined.

If everyone has developed good manners,people will form a more harmonious relation.If everyone behaves considerately towards others and social ethics people will live in a better world.With the general mood of society improved,there willbe a progress of civilization.

几种典型的英语作文开头引述方法

Type1引述他人观点(为提出自己观点铺垫)

[1] It is widely(commonly)accepted(hold)+THAT

[2] A widely accepted(commonly)hold idea(point of view,viewpoint,opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP

[3] A/The dominant(prevalent,prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO

[4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT)

[5] People(The majority)seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT

[6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ

[7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO

Type2提出异议

[1] However(But),…

[2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable,inappropriate,improper,undesirable,etc;

ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul,etc

[3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2])

[4] However,it is not(quite,necessarily)the case.[5] This(It)is not(quite,necessarily)the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion)

Type3论述的展开:说明原因和理由,层进,举例,转折

[1] The reason lies in several aspects,[2] The reason why+clause+[1,underlined]

[3] There are several remarkable reasons.[4] 层进in addition,besides,fruthermore,what’s more,on the other hand,meanwhile,for one thing…for another; finally,above all,in short.[5] 举例for example,for instance,such(general term)as(specific terms),a typical(striking)example is that,a case in point

[6] 转折however,but,nevertheless,on the contrary

[7] 条件if,provided that,unless,as long as,etc

Type4 就…而言;关于

[1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned

[2] as t the problem as to NP有关…的问题

Type5问题

[1] Although much effort has been made,the situation is far from satisfactory(or: the problem remains unsolved,little improvement has been achieved)

[2] There is a tendency,as recent study(investigation)has pointed out(shown,revealed,indicated),+THAT

[3] There is growing concern about +NP

[4] It will inevitably(is likely to)result in(lead to)unwanted(serious)consequence(or NP)

[5] Unfortunately,…

[6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.[7] The process,once initiated,is most likely irreversible.[8] We are constantly(frequently)faced with NP

TYPE6重要与必要;(应)注意与重视

[1] NP1 is of great importance(necessity,value)in NP2(or: NP is of enormous significance)

[2] The importance(necessity)of NP(to do sth.)lies in(the fact)that…

[3] NP1 plays,as is known,an irreplaceably important role in NP2

[4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant(obvous)

[5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2

[6] It is important(necessary)to DO(or:THAT)

[7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…)

[8] What we should take into consideration is +NP

Type7行动

[1](immediate,emergent,effective)Measures are being taken(has been taken,should be taken)to DO

[3] We have made much effort,there is still more we need to make(cf.We have learnt a lot,there is much more we need to lea123)

Type8二择其一

[1] If it were left for me to decide whether(wh-clause),I would,without hesitation,choose+to DO(or: I would prefer the former/the latter)

[2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.[3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.[4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.[5] In fact,we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.[6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely

[7](of two conflicting ideas,concepts)Though conflicting to one another,they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.[8] The benefits of NP are varied…

[9]While disadvantages are unavoidable,it is the advantages that prevail.高考英语作文常见的六种开篇法 1.开门见山,揭示主题 2.交代人物,事件,3.回忆 4.概括 5.介绍环境 6.交代写作目的

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