MBA联考英语应用技巧分享[共五篇]

第一篇：MBA联考英语应用技巧分享

在参加MBA考试的时候，最关键的一个问题也是最重要的一个问题。就是要把握MBA英语应试技巧MBA英语考试重点：

1.听力方面怎么复习?

我们MBA较高。

在参加MBAMBA英语应试技巧MBA

1.?

考试的听力和普研的听力是一样的，听力分为三个部分，其中第二部分的难度确实比较大，普研的同学很难拿到分。我建议现在考生在复习听力的时候，第二部分暂时不要多考虑，重点放在第一部分和第三部分。

3.阅读答题的时候，时间怎么来分配?

根据分值来确定，考试总的时间是180分钟，一百分的题。阅读其中的比重是40分，40分的阅读在180分钟时间里面根据分值来确定，我给考生 划定一个阅 读的最低时间是75分钟，还可以延长180MBA考试是五篇阅读文章，15分钟到18给

4.考，5.的 分开来，只不过是普通的英文单词，在工商管理上下文里面就具有了特定的含义。

6.有没有必要预留检查的时间?

简答题可以检查一下，选择题检查答案又得把文

章过一遍。简答题是五道题十分，值得我们去检查答案，看看答案有没有出错的地方，有没有拼错的地方，这些东西可以检查一下。选择题的阅读不要检查，没有用。

今年MBA大一些。大家应该充满信心去考，不要想考下来取得更好的成绩。

第二篇：MBA联考英语作文

投诉信

日期 Dear sir,(第一段)I am sorry to inform you that I am unhappy about__________________，so I regret to have to complain _____________（提出投诉，表示遗憾）(第二段)There are ________________(问题1)，______________(造成的影响)；___________________(问题2)，_________________(造成的影响)；（该段主要用于陈述不满的原因）。（第三段）

I would appreciate it very much if your company could look into the matter and arrange for a replacement of the faulty goods promptly.So I propose that you___________________________________________, I am looking forward to your earliest reply.（该段主要提出补救的建议）

Sincerely yours XXX

常见词和关键词：late delivery，cause，fulfill order，on checking the goods receive(当验货时)，I found that, since the late delivery has caused dissatisfaction among our customers, I considering, discount, I suggest that, I propose that, recently, refuse, as you known, after-sales service, breakdown, immediate, shipment, delay，道歉信

日期 Dear sir，（第一段）

Thank you for your letter of ______（时间）.I am very sorry to hear about your problems with my faulty.I had no idea that you were in any way dissatisfied.(感谢对方告知实情，并表示道歉)（第二段）

If you had let me know earlier, I could have investigated this immediately.Please allow

me

to

explain

what happened.__________________________________(解释原因)； ————————————（提出解决方案）；if you experience any difficulties, please call me or fax me at once and I will take immediate action.（该段用于解释原因并提出解决方案）（第三段）

Please let me apologize to express how sorry I am.I will make efforts to prevent a recurrence.(我们将尽力防止此事再次发生)

Sincerely yours XXX

常见词和关键词：excellent,apologize

感谢信

日期 Dear Sir,（第一段）

I am writing this letter to express my gratitude for your warm reception while I ______________________。（告之感谢对方什么）（第二段）

Your sincerity was most impressive.Without your help, things would not have gone so smoothly.___________;_____________;______________(l列举对方如何帮助我们)。It is hard to imagine what my life have been like without your care and help.（恭维对方，描述如何帮助我们）（第三段）

I am anticipating further cooperation.In return for your hospitality, I would like to invite you to ____________（邀请来做什么），I am looking forward to seeing you again at that time.（对未来关系展望）

Sincerely yours XXX

常见词和关键词：hospitality，warm reception,heartfelt thanks,colleagues

邀请函

日期 Dear XXX，（第一段）

I am delighted to invite you and your delegation of 10 people to pay a working visit to china for a week in September or October 2011.the propose of visit is_____________________(邀请来做什么事情)；（第二段）

I highly appreciate our undergoing the discussion on_____________(在什么地方的讨论)，and expect a have fruitful meeting with you in China.By the way, your group’s board,lodging and all other expenses will be coverd by us.Should you have some questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.Very truly yours XXX

图表作文

（第一段）

The chart gives us an overall picture of the ____________（图表主题）。The first thing we notice is that_____________（图表最大特点）/the changes in the number of _____over the period from______to_____.This means that as ___________________（进一步描述）。(该段描述图表的性质，简单阐述其特点)

（第二段）

As can see from the above chart, _____________（图表细节一）。After ving_________（细节一的变化），the ____________（紧跟着的变化）。The figures also tells us that___________________图表细节二）。In the secondary，we can see that ______________accounts for _________（进一步描述）。

A number of factors may have contributed to this situation.Above all,________________（原因1）,second,_________________(原因2),A major reason is that_________________________（原因3）。（该段对图表的数据进行说明，并阐述原因）

（第三段）

Judging from this chart，we can draw the conclusion that___________（结论）。It is high time that we ______________（发出倡议）。/there is every reason to believe that the trend will continue in the foreseeable future.总结 关键词汇：

increase,decrease,fell,decline,sharply,dramatically,significantly,rapidly,steadily,slightly,remained unchanged, rise gradually, peaked at, low level, reached the peak, three-fold increase, A increase gradually while B decrease, A and B are closely related, table，对比观点型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a heated debate over the relative importance of _________versus_______.Whereas some people hold that __________is more important than _________, others argue that the reverse is true.(对全文进行概述)（第二段）

Those who take the first view assume that ___________(对观点进行介绍),in contrast, the second opinion is based on the assumption that_________________(对观点进行介绍).（第三段）

As for me, I advocate the first view point.The reasons are as follows: Firstly, _____________________________________________________ Secondly, ___________________________________________________ Finally, _________________________(阐述自己选择的观点的理由)In my opinion, it does not make sense to generalize about which is more important, ___________ or ____________.Their relative importance depends on specific contexts.So the debate is essentially a chicken-and egg problem.关键词：nowadays, for example，问题解决型

（第一段）

In recent years, there has been a lot of debate over____________（问题）/ scandal was disclosed, people and government and international communities were shocked.It is reported that________________(写一个报道内容)，this situation calls for close attention from the general public.(该段对问题进行描述)（第二段）

A number of factors have contributed to the emergence of this problem.Firstly, _________________________________________________ Secondly, ________________________________________________ Thirdly, ________________________________________________ Another factors worth mentioning is that_____________________(该段要写问题产生的原因或者影响)（第三段）

To solve the problem, several measures can be taken.Premerily, ____________________________________________ Secondly,_________________________________________ The most significant measure is___________________________(该段要写解决问题的方法)关键词汇：positive effect , negative effect, to reduce the negative effect, A large number of ,the situation is associated with several factors, incident，accident, is likely to harm the reputation of , address, issue, It is necessary to, domestic-brand, distributor, fundamental，对立观点型

（第一段）

Across the world throughout history, it often happens that different people perceive the same objective thing differently.For example, two typical points of view have been expressed concerning_____________________(引出文章讨论的对象)(第二段)Some people think that ________________, they cite the following as major reasons: firstly, ______________,secondly,__________________.（介绍第一种观点，并解释原因）(第三段)Others argue that _________________.they base this argument mainly on The following grounds: first, _______________.second,_____________.（介绍第二种观点，并解释原因）

For my point, I advocate the first viewpoint.My reasons are as follow: First,_______________.second,______________.third,____________.(发表自己的观点并说明原因)或者都不同意，自己提出新观点：

I do not agree with other of the view.In my opinion,_______________, The reason why_______________________________________ 关键词汇：disagreement, whereas, different people have different view, thereby，独立观点型

(第一段)In recent years, more and more people tend to______________________ /there has been a growing trend among___________________________ /with the development of economic globalization, more and more people___________________。This phenomenon is receiving more and more attention from the general public.(该段要求对事实进行描述)（第二段）

I think we should take a positive/negative attitude towards it.The reasons are as follows.First, _________________, second,_________________.Finally,_______________.(该段表明自己的观点，并说明原因)（第三段）

From the above analysis, we can see that _____________________.there is every reasons that this trend will continue and even grow stronger in the future, because_____________________./I firmly believe that_____________________(该段总结展望)关键词汇：

opportunity, personally, oppose, convinction, rethink, strategy, owing to, appeal, on the practical side, as well as, benefit from this sort of, not only…but also, obviously,

第三篇：MBA联考英语写作例题及

便条就是一种简单的书信，内容简短，大多是临时性的留言、要求等。是在有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等等，一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不严格的特点。便条都不用邮寄。例一：请假条。写请假条时，如有医生出具的证明，最好一起附上。Dear Mr.Pike，I very much regret I was unable to attend school this morning owing to a severe attack of illness.I am enclosing here with a certificate from the doctor who is attending me, as he fears it will be several days before I shall be able to resume my study.I trust my enforced absence will not give you any serious inconvenience.Sincerely yours Jack 亲爱的派克先生：

非常抱歉，我因今晨突然生病不能前来上课。现附上医生证明，医生担心我也许要几天后才能上课。希望我这次身不由己的缺勤不致给您带来很大的麻烦。

忠实于您的杰克

例二：留言条。可用于说明一件事、做一次活动安排以及询问等等，应直截了当。写留言条，日期部分写在右上角，一般只写星期几，或星期几上午、下午或具体钟点。Dear peter: I have done all my things here.i sincerely thank you for the trouble you have taken for my sake.I am leaving for home by train at two this afternoon.this is to say good-bye to you.Please kindly remember me to your wife.Yours ever, Jack 亲爱的彼特：

我在这里的事情已经全部办好。这次麻烦你了，我万分感激。我定于今天下午两点乘火车返家，特来辞行，并请代向你的妻子问好。

挚友

杰克

The bar chart above demonstrates clearly that some changes havetaken place in terms of the situation of part-time jobs in a certain university.Although the participation percentage of part-time jobs from university thefirst year to the third year almost remain stable, we can see that percentageof university the fourth year has been on a sharp rise。

In the freshman year, based upon the data of the chart, the participationpercentage of part-time jobs is nearly 67.77%;the second year, 71.13%;thethird year, 71.93%.Surprisingly, the percentage rises dramatically to 88.24%in the senior year。

For my part, it’s of no difficulty for us tocome up with some possible factors to account for this trend.For example, dullnessand loneliness are common problems of seniors, therefore more seniors take partin part-time jobs.But the sources of this phenomenon go way deeper.It is theturbulent employment environment that shapes this trend.For hunting jobs andthen broadcasting their ambition, seniors try all means to gather workingexperience.I believe that finding reasons can be described as a bridge betweenproblems and solutions.(187words)(文都 徐可风)

网络综合a blessing or a curse?

As TV enters more and more families, people begin to wonder about its advantages and disadvantages.Some believe that it is a blessing, while others hold that it is a curse to society.Let's look at the good points of TV.Firstly, it can bring people new information in time from every corner in the world.People can enjoy their favourite programs at home.For example, Discovery is the program I like most, not only because it is interesting, but also because it provides some knowledge I cannot get from books.But on the other hand, TV may exert bad influence on people.A case in point is that some programs are full of violence and these programs unwittingly set terrible examples for audience.As a result, people, especially juveniles, are led to commit crimes.In my opinion, the attitude toward TV all depends on oneself.Mature persons are always capable to keep themselves away from its bad influence.But one thing is important： we should make full use of its advantages and avoid its disadvantages.● How to...题型

模板1

Along with the great economic development/the development of people's living standard in China and the high call for dealing with 主题 , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主题.But how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is 方法1.Another way to solve the problem of 主题 is 方法2.Finally 方法3.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government/We should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.(119 words)

范文:

How to solve unemployment problem?

Along with the great economic development in China and the high call for dealing with unemployment problem , more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by unemployment.But, how to solve this problem?

As a matter of fact, there are many ways that can contribute to solving this serious problem, but I think the following ones may be most effective.First of all is to change people's traditional idea and encourage them to channel their own career.Another way to solve the problem of unemployment is to develop the tertiary industry.Finally we can find other ways to solve this problem.For example, increasing government investment.These are not the best and the only several measures we can take.But there is no doubt that attention must be paid and it is clear that the task demands great efforts.The government should take considerable efforts to achieve the goal.模板2

主题 is an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels: internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, 方法1.On the national level, government must see to it 方法2.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, 方法3.For instance, 例子.Second, 方法4.In a word, 主题 is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.(81 words)

范文:

How to fight against pollution?

Pollution, with the development of modern industry, is becoming an annoying problem for people all over the world.I believe it can be dealt with on three levels： internationally, nationally, and last but not least, on a personal level.In my opinion, strict international regulations should be made.At the same time, every country should realize the seriousness of pollution and put all our heads together to fight against it.On the national level, government must see to it that severe measures should be carried out.These measures could help to reduce pollution and protect our environment.Lastly, what can we do as individuals? First, I think we should make changes to our life styles.For instance, we can try and use public transport or bicycles as much as possible.Second, we can protest against any bad actions.In a word, pollution is a problem that can be solved if people take actions in cooperation.模板3

主题 is the foundation of our future development.If 主题 become poor/sick/worse, it is impossible for us to attain our goal.On the other hand, if 主题 become strong/good, we can achieve our dreams.How can we have good 主题 ? First, we should 方法1.Second, we should 方法2 , such as 例子.Third, there is a proverb that says, “ 谚语.” If we pay attention to 主题 , we can avoid 缺点1 or at least 缺点2.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than 主题.In good 主题 , we can get more development.In good 主题 , we can lead a happy life.(90 words)

范文:

How to improve our health?

It is known to us all that health is the foundation of our future success.If our health become poor, it is impossible for us to attain our goals.On the other hand, if our health becomes good, we can finally achieve our dreams.How can we have good health ? There are some advices for you as follows.First, we should keep on doing exercise every day.Second, we should form some good habits , such as early rising, taking exercise regularly.Third, there is a proverb that says, “Prevention is better than cure.” If we pay enough attention to our health , we can avoid getting sick or at least cure ourselves of a disease while it is still at an early stage.In conclusion, nothing is more valuable than health.In good health , we can get more development in our career.Only being in good health , we can lead a happy life.模板4

Today the problem of 主题 has become more and more serious.现象1,2,3.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect 主题.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.(88 words)

范文：

How to protect environment?

Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources and at the same time polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If the problem continues to become worse like this, we will suffer the serious bad effect.What we will leave to our offspring might be a desperate future.Concerned people have put forward some methods to deal with the problems.The government has established laws to protect air, forests and sea resources and to stop environmental pollution.Although we have already achieved some success, we still have a long way to go.Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems.People should be further educated to recognize the importance of the problems and use more reasonable methods to cope with the problems.Only in this way can we have a better and wonderful future.模板5

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that 主题 is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by 主题.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for 方法1.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for 原因.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective ways to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must 方法2.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?(97 words)

范文：

How to solve the energy problem?

When asked about one of the biggest problems today, many people say that energy crisis is most threatening.They are afraid of the bad influence caused by energy crisis.Although many people have realized this and some concerned experts have taken many measures, the crisis is still threatening.To this problem, most people respond with the demand for more rigid conservation of natural resources.Indeed, this is urgently needed, for the present habitual waste of energy is very serious.If we adopt this method, we can partially solve the problem.Moreover, we should take more effective way to cope with the problem.So in the long run we must develop new sources of energy instead of merely conserving the limited supplies.No mountain can never be conquered and no problem can never be solved.Man is highly adaptable and creative.Since we can solve a lot of thorny problems, why can't we deal with this problem successfully?

第四篇：MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结

MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结

（一）翻译考察三方面内容：

1、专有名词（如operational research expert）、习惯用法（如depend on）及多义词的翻 译(如school、set 的多义)

2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等

3、具体句型（定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等）

一、常用方法

英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到 很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用 于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。

1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较 多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动 语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言 在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说 到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时 需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子 与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在 汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文 中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：（1）What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？（增译主语和谓语）

（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）(3)Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）

(4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。

Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物 主代词）

（5）_______只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。

While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps.（增译连词）（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。

This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。

In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）（8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。

Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注 释性词语）

2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表 达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：

(1)You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）(2)I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）(3)中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。

The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection.(省译名词)3.转换法：指翻译过程中为了使译文符合目标语的表述方式、方法和习惯而对原句中的词类、句 型和语态等进行转换。具体的说，就是在词性方面，把名词转换为代词、形容词、动词；把动词转 换成名词、形容词、副词、介词；把形容词转换成副词和短语。在句子成分方面，把主语变成状语、定语、宾语、表语；把谓语变成主语、定语、表语；把定语变成状语、主语；把宾语变成主语。在 句型方面，把并列句变成复合句，把复合句变成并列句，把状语从句变成定语从句。在语态方面，可以把主动语态变为被动语态。如：

(1)我们学院受教委和市政府的双重领导。

Our institute is co-administrated by the States Education Commission and the municipal government.(名词转动词)（2）Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children.孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。(名词转动词)（3）由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。

Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved.(动词转名词)(4)I’m all for you opinion.我完全赞成你的意见。（介词转动词）

（5）The reform and opening policy is supported by the whole Chinese people.改革开放政策受到了全中国人民的拥护。（动词转名词）

（6）In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence toward his environment.作者在文章中，对人类疏忽自身环境作了批评。（形容词转名词）

（7）In some of the European countries, the people are given the biggest social benefits such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里，人民享受最广泛的社会福利，如医疗保险等。（被动语态转主动语态）（8）时间不早了，我们回去吧！

We don’t have much time left.Let’s go back.(句型转换)（9）学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。

All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically.(名词转副词)4.拆句法和合并法：这是两种相对应的翻译方法。拆句法是把一个长而复杂的句子拆译成若干个 较短、较简单的句子，通常用于英译汉；合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句，一般用于汉译英。汉语强调意合，结构较松散，因此简单句较多；英语强调形合，结构较严密，因此长句较多。所以 汉译英时要根据需要注意利用连词、分词、介词、不定式、定语从句、独立结构等把汉语短句连成 长句；而英译汉时又常常要在原句的关系代词、关系副词、主谓连接处、并列或转折连接处、后续 成分与主体的连接处，以及意群结束处将长句切断，译成汉语分句。这样就可以基本保留英语语序，顺译全句，顺应现代汉语长短句相替、单复句相间的句法修辞原则。如：

(1)Increased cooperation with China is in the interests of the United States.同中国加强合作，符合美国的利益。（在主谓连接处拆译）

（2）I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.我要感谢你们无与伦比的盛情款待。中国人民正是以这种热情好客而闻明世界的。（在定语从句前 拆译）

（3）This is particularly true of the countries of the commonwealth, who see Britain’s membership of the Community a guarantee that the policies of the community will take their interests into account 英联邦各国尤其如此，它们认为英国加入欧共体，将能保证欧共体的政策照顾到它们的利益。（在 定语从句前拆译）

（4）中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分之一，其余为山脉、森林、城镇和其他用地。

China is a large country with four-fifths of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests and places for urban and other uses.（合译）

5.正译法和反译法：这两种方法通常用于汉译英，偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译，是指把句子按 照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方 式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果，但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因 此比较地道。如：

（1）在美国，人人都能买到枪。

In the United States, everyone can buy a gun.(正译)In the United States, guns are available to everyone.(反译)（2）你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

You can obtain this information on the Internet.（正译）

This information is accessible/available on the Internet.（反译）（3）他突然想到了一个新主意。

Suddenly he had a new idea.(正译)He suddenly thought out a new idea.(正译)A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him.（反译）（4）他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

He still could not understand me.(正译)Still he failed to understand me.(反译)（5）无论如何，她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

She can hardly be rated as a bright student.(正译)She is anything but a bright student.(反译)（6）Please withhold the document for the time being.请暂时扣下这份文件。（正译）请暂时不要发这份文件。（反译）

二、被动语态译法

英语中被动语态的使用范围极为广泛, 尤其是在科技英语中, 被动语态几乎随处可见, 凡是在不 必、不愿说出或不知道主动者的情况下均可使用被动语态, 因此, 掌握被动语态的翻译方法, 对于 MBA 入学考试的复习与应考是极为重要的, 因为在MBA 入学考试中，英译汉文章的内容多以科 普文章为主。在汉语中, 也有被动语态, 通常通过“把”或“被”等词体现出来, 但它的使用范围远远 小于英语中被动语态的使用范围, 因此英语中的被动语态在很多情况下都翻译成主动结构。对于 英语原文的被动结构, 我们一般采取下列的方法: 1.翻译成汉语的主动句。英语原文的被动结构翻译成汉语的主动结构又可以进一步分为几种不同 的情况。

(1)英语原文中的主语在译文中仍做主语。在采用此方法时, 我们往往在译文中使用了“加以”, “经过”, “用……来”等词来体现原文中的被动含义。例如: 例1.Other questions will be discussed briefly.其它问题将简单地加以讨论。

例2.In other words mineral substances which are found on earth must be extracted by digging, boring holes, artificial explosions, or similar operations which make them available to us.换言之, 矿物就是存在于地球上, 但须经过挖掘、钻孔、人工爆破或类似作业才能获得的物质。例3.Nuclear power’s danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.核能对健康、安全, 甚至对生命本身构成的危险可以用一个词—辐射来概括。

(2)将英语原文中的主语翻译为宾语, 同时增补泛指性的词语(人们,大家等)作主语。例如: 例1.It could be argued that the radio performs this service as well, but on television everything is much more living, much more real.可能有人会指出, 无线电广播同样也能做到这一点, 但还是电视屏幕上的节目要生动、真实得多。例2.Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series ofprogrammes which are both instructive and entertaining.(85 年考题)人们常说, 电视使人了解时事, 熟悉政治领域的最新发展变化, 并能源源不断地为观众提供各种 既有教育意义又有趣的节目。

例3.It is generally accepted that the experiences of the child in his first years largely determine his character and later personality.人们普遍认为，孩子们的早年经历在很大程度上决定了他们的性格及其未来的人品。另外, 下列的结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is asserted that … 有人主张…… It is believed that … 有人认为……

It is generally considered that … 大家(一般人)认为 It is well known that … 大家知道(众所周知)…… It will be said … 有人会说…… It was told that … 有人曾经说……

(3)将英语原文中的by, in, for 等做状语的介词短语翻译成译文的主语, 在此情况下, 英语原文 中的主语一般被翻译成宾语。例如: 例1.A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor.原子反应堆需要一种合适的燃料。

例2.By the end of the war, 800 people had been saved by the organization, but at a cost of 200 Belgian and French lives.大战结束时, 这个组织拯救了八百人, 但那是以二百多比利时人和法国人的生命为代价的。

例3.And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.许多人认为, 普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比, 而且认为这些思维过程必须 经过某种专门的训练才能掌握。(4)翻译成汉语的无主句。例如: 例1.Great efforts should be made to inform young people especially the dreadful consequences of taking up the habit.应该尽最大努力告?nbsp| 年轻人吸烟的危害, 特别是吸上烟瘾后的可怕后果。

例2.By this procedure, different honeys have been found to vary widely in the sensitivity of their inhibit to heat.通过这种方法分析发现不同种类的蜂蜜的抗菌活动对热的敏感程度也极为不同。

例4.Many strange new means of transport have been developed in our century, the strangest of them being perhaps the hovercraft.在我们这个世纪内研制了许多新奇的交通工具, 其中最奇特的也许就是气垫船了。例5.New source of energy must be found, and this will take time….必须找到新的能源，这需要时间……

另外, 下列结构也可以通过这一手段翻译: It is hoped that … 希望……

It is reported that … 据报道…… It is said that … 据说……

It is supposed that … 据推测…… It may be said without fear of exaggeration that … 可以毫不夸张地说…… It must be admitted that … 必须承认…… It must be pointed out that … 必须指出…… It will be seen from this that … 由此可见……(5)翻译成带表语的主动句。例如: 例1.The decision to attack was not taken lightly.进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。

例2.On the whole such an conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the other with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.总的来说, 得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的, 但必须具备两个条件: 能够假定这个孩子对测试 的态度和与他比较的另一个孩子的态度相同;他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被 扣分。

(注意上述翻译技巧在该句翻译中的综合运用。)2.译成汉语的被动语态。英语中的许多被动句可以翻译成汉语的被动句。常用“被”, “给”, “遭”, “挨”, “为……所”, “使”, “由…”, “受到”等表示。例如: 例1.Early fires on the earth were certainly caused by nature, not by Man.地球上早期的火肯定是由大自然而不是人类引燃的。

例2.These signals are produced by colliding stars or nuclear reactions in outer space.这些讯号是由外层空间的星球碰撞或者核反应所造成的。

例3.Natural light or “white” light is actually made up of many colours.自然光或者“白光”实际上是由许多种颜色组成的。

例4.The behaviour of a fluid flowing through a pipe is affected by a number of factors, including the viscosity of the fluid and the speed at which it is pumped.流体在管道中流动的情况, 受到诸如流体粘度、泵送速度等各种因素的影响。

例5.They may have been a source of part of the atmosphere of the terrestrial planets, and they are believed to have been the planetesimal-like building blocks for some of the outer planets and their satellites.它们可能一直是地球行星的一部分大气的来源。它们还被认为是构成外部行星以及其卫星的一种类 似微星的基础材料。

例6.Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.工具 和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉多年来在很大程度上被科学史学家和科学思想家们忽视了。

例7.Whether the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之)often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.政府是以减少技术的经费投入来增加纯理论科学的经费投入, 还是相反, 这往往取决于把哪一方 看作是驱动的力量。

例8.The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time, and in any case, the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use.石油的供应可能随时会被中断；不管怎样，以目前的这种消费速度，只需30 年左右，所有的油井 都会枯竭。

MBA 英语常用翻译技巧总结

（二）三、形容词译法

英语和汉语语言结构和表达习惯有很多差异之处，翻译时往往能死扣原文逐词逐句译出。下面拟谈谈形容 词的翻译问题。

（一）、一些原义并无否定意思的形容词和别的词搭配，有时可译成否定句。1.These goods are in short supply.这些货物供应不足。

2.This equation is far from being complicated.这个方程一定也不复杂。

（二）、为了使译文自然流畅，读起来顺口，在一些形容词前可根据上下文内容加上副词“很”、“最”等字。1.It was as pleasant a day as I have ever spent.这是我度过最愉快的一天。

2.It is easy to compress a gas.气体很容易压缩。

（三）、有时可将英语的“形容词+名词短语”译成汉语的主谓结构。1.She spoke in a high voice.她讲话声音很尖。

2.This engine develops a high torque.这台发动机产生的转矩很大。

（四）、如果一个名词前有几个形容词修饰，英译时应根据汉语习惯决定其顺序。1.a large brick conference hall 一个用砖砌的大会议厅

2.a plastic garden chair 一把在花园里用的塑料椅子

（五）、英语中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态的形容词，同连系动词构成复合谓语时，翻译时可 将形容词译成动词。

1.You are ignorant of the duties you undertake in marrying.你完全不懂你在婚姻方面承担的责任。

2.Such criticisms have become familiar in his later commentaries on America.类似的批评在他后来写的评论美国的文章中屡见不鲜。

3.He is truly sorry for his past, and he has undertaken to give up motorcars entirely and for ever.他诚恳地忏悔过去，并保证永远不再玩汽车。

（六）、由于语言习惯不同，英语里的形容词有时译成汉语副词。1.I am going to be good and sweet and kind to every body.我要对每一个人都亲切、温顺、和善。

2.He asked me for a full account of myself and family.他详尽地问起我自己和我家里的情况。

3.Another war will be the absolute end of our country.再来一次战争将彻底毁灭我们这个国家。

从以上几个方面可以看出，译好形容词是使译文通顺、流畅的一个环节

四、举例before 和good 具体译法

（一）连词before 的含义是“在……以前”(previous to the time when)。在句法上，它引导状语从句。可见它的词义颇为单纯，功能比较专一。然而，由于汉英表达习惯的不同，在将before 汉译时，其译法却 多种多样。常见的有以下几种：

1，直译成“（在）……（以或之）前”。这时主句与before 从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。Before I enter on the subject I have something to say.在讨论这一问题之前，我有些话要说。

They led a miserable life before their hometown was liberated.他们家乡解放前生活很苦。

2，译成“（后）……才”。副词“才”在汉语中表示某事发生得晚或慢。如果在含有before 从句的复合句中，强调从句动作发生得晚或慢时，就可以应用这种译法。这里又有两种情况，一种是主句主语为名词或代词，另一种是主语与非人称it。

The train had left before he got to the station.火车开了他才到车站。

It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好大一会儿才轮到我。

3，连词before 与barely，scarcely, hardly 连用时还可译成“刚……就”。在汉语中，“就”强调事情发生 得早或快。如果原文突出主句与从句的动作一前一后紧接着或几乎同时发生，即可用此译法。We had barely sat down before we heard bicycles outside.我们刚坐下就听到外边有自行车的声音。

We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我们刚离开学校天就下起雨来。

4，如果原文主句中谓语动词是否定形式则可译成“就”、“便”、或“快”。这又分主句主语为名（代）词和it 两种情况。

I had not waited long before she came.我没等多久她就来了。

It was not long before he got to know it.不久他就知道了。

5，假使原文目的在于渲染从句动作发生之前，主句动作业已发生，可译成“未……就”或“还没有（来得及）…… 就”。

The day began to break before we got to the hilltop.我们还没有到达山顶天就开始亮了。

Before I could say a single word, he ran away.我连一句话也没来得及说他就跑了。

另外，像before he knew it 一类习惯说法，则可译成“不……（就）”。The boy fell down from the ladder bvefore he knew it.那个男孩不知怎么一来就从梯子上摔了下来。

6，译为“趁（着）”，或用反说，译成“不然会”、“要不就”、“没”、“不”等。Study hard before it is too late.趁早努力学习。

I’ll do it now before I forget.趁着还没忘记，我现在就做。

She arrived before I expected.我没料到她来的这么早。

7，某些习语中的连词before 可译成“先……然后”、“先……再”或“而后”等。One must sow before one can reap.先有播种后有收获。Look before you leap.三思而后行。

有些习语中的before 也可译成“未……先”。

Don’t count your chickens before they are hatched.鸡蛋未孵，勿先数雏。

此外，连词before 还作“与其……（宁愿）”（rather than)讲，通常可以为“宁可……也不（肯）”、“宁愿…… 决不”等。例如：

We will die before we give in.我们宁死不屈。He would die before he lied.他宁死也不肯说谎。

以上罗列了连词before 的几种常见的译法。英汉表达方式很不相同，具体译法，须根据具体情况而定

（二）Good 一词，在英语中该算是最熟悉、最常用的了。它的搭配能力很强，而且也常见于科技文章中。一看到good,我们便自然而然得会想到“好的”这一词义。然而，在一些场合，good 的译法却是颇费踌躇 的。

1，可译为“好的”，但概念模糊：如good fish（好鱼），是指品种，大小还是新鲜程度呢？

2，勉强可译为“好的”，但不搭配：如Good fire 若译为“很好的炉火”是可以理解的，但不如译为“旺盛的 炉火”。

3，译成“好的”反而错了：如good hard work 不是指“一项好的但却艰巨的工作”，而是指“一项十分艰巨 的工作”。

为什么这样普通的词在翻译时却难处理呢？其原因有二： 第一，只知其一，不知其二、三

有的词有一个义项，有的词有两个或两个以上义项。good 一词，在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》中就有十 八项释义，如不能全面地掌握这些义项，翻译时就会遇到困难。第二，不善举一反三，触类旁通

从语言的发展来看，一个词总会有一个最原始的或最基本的词义（叫做本义），而其他的词义是由这个词 发展或引申而来的（叫做引申义）。引申，就是由原义产生新义。选择词义难就难在这个“新”字上。一是 英语单词本身已有引申义。这就要勤查字典，从诸多词义中去挑选最合适的词义。二是词典中所有词义都 不贴切，要根据汉译的需要去创造新义，而新义又必须与本义相关联。如good 一词在英语中已有引申义 “strong，vigorous（强健的，有力的）”。因此，His eyesight is still good.一句应译为“他的视力仍 然很强。”（good 由“好的”引申为“强的”）。而在下面的例句中，good 可引申为“高度的”。To produce strong X-rays the tube had to be made a very good vacuum.管子要产生强的射线，就必须制成高度的真空。而“高度的”这一词义，在《现代高级英汉双解辞典》、《远 东英汉大辞典》等的汉语释义中都是没有的，因而可算是新创的。现在，让我们以《现代高级英汉双解辞 典》为据，列举good 一词的几个义项来观察它在汉译时是如何引申和再引申的。为了节省篇幅，只探讨 作为形容词用的而且常用于科技文章中的几个义项的译法，不涉及用于生活、口语和文学时的译法，也不 涉及用于问候语、客气的称呼、赞扬之词以及片语和复合词的用法。为了方便，在此不再引用其英语的释 义而用其对应的汉语译义，每一词义只举一例。（1）、美好的；良好的；令人满意的 a good knife 一把好刀 a good conductor 良导体 汉译时引申：

1，a good soil 肥沃的土壤 2，good oil 提纯了的油

3，a good money 真的货币 4，a good river 畅通的河道 5，good English 规范的英语

6，Good switches move quickly.优质开关动作灵活。（good 引申为“优质的”）7，That engine sounds good.那台发动机听起来很正常。（good 引申译为“正常”）8，the rocket travels better through vacuum than it des through the air.火箭穿过真空比穿过空气容易。（good 引申译为“容易”）

9，A good example of a case where electricity is changed to power is the electric streetcar.电变为动力的典型例子是电车。（good example 引申译为“典型的例子”）10，In the absence of an outdoor aerial this telescopic aerial will give a good picture if the transmitter signal is sufficiently strong.在无室外天线时，若发射机的信号很 强，这种拉杆天线可产生清晰的图象（good picture 引申译为“清晰的图象”）

11，Laser possesses a series of remarkable properties, which make it a better light source in a number of cases.激光有许多显著的特性，这些特性使它在许多情况下成为一种更理 想的光源。（good 引申译为“理想的”）（2）、有益的

Milk is good food for children.牛奶对小孩是有益的。汉译时引申： 1，good gradient平缓的坡度

2，It is no good heating the material to such a temperature.把材料加热到这样的温度是不恰当 的。（good 引申为“恰当的”）

（3）、能胜任的；有能力的；能干的 汉译时引申：

1，a good chess player 高明的棋手

2，A good human translator can do perhaps 2000 to 3000 words a day.一个熟练的翻译人员一 天也许能翻译两千到三千个词。（good 引申译为“熟练的”）（4）、彻底的；完全的

The workers gave the machine a good checking.工人们对机器进行了彻底的检查。汉译时引申： 1，have a good drink 喝个痛快

2，It has been thought of making good use of the sun"s energy to serve the well-being of the people.我们早就设想过充分利用太阳能来为自己造福。（good 引申译为“充分”）3，This set consumes so little power that a good 12 volt car battery can still start your car after you have been watching TV for 10 hours.本机耗电极少，因而具有12 伏足电的汽车蓄电池在你看电视十小时后仍能用于开车。（good 引申为“充足的”）

4，Rivers provide good sources of hydropower.河流具有丰富的水力资源。（good 引申译为“丰富 的”）

5，The CE circuit is widely favored since it can be designed for good voltage and current gains.CE 电路得到广泛的使用，因为它能获得高电压增益和高电流增益。（good...gains 引申译为“高……增益”）

（5）、可靠的；安全的；确实的

a car with good brakes 刹车可靠的汽车 a good investment 安全的投资汉译时引申： good debts 确可偿还的债务__

第五篇：MBA MPA考试联考英语小作文大作文万能

一、建议信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的Para2 S1 处境现状（严重）。S2 有建议。S3 建议1。S4 建议2。（S5 建议3。）Para3 S1 感谢。S2 期待。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making some suggestions to improve the service of our library.【P2S1】Although our library functions positively(积极的)in enriching the students’ campus life, its service goes far from being desired.【P2S2】In my eyes, the following measures need to be taken as soon as possible.【P2S3】In the first place, why not arrange an inquiry desk at the circulation hall? 【P2S4】In addition, the students should have access to the latest issues of foreign magazines.(【P2S5】Lastly, you should(/ had)better maintain strict order at the reading room.)

【P3S1】Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter(/I sincerely hope that you will take my advice into consideration).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜)(/I am looking forward to seeing some new changes in the service).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

二、感谢信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的（感谢）

Para2 S1 原因1。S2 原因2。S3 感谢方式（邀请对方）。Para3 S1 再次感谢。S2 祝福对方。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my sincere thanks(/gratitude)to you for your warm reception(/hospitality)while I was in America(/While I participated(参加，参与)in the exchange program in America).【P2S1】Your generous(慷慨的, 大方的,慷慨给予的)help made it possible that I had a pleasant stay and a chance to know America culture better.【P2S2】Besides, I consider it an honor for me to made friends with you and I will cherish(珍爱, 珍视, 爱护，钟爱)the goodwill(友谊)you showed to me wherever I go.【P2S3】I do(/genuinely /sincerely)hope that you would(/will)visit China in due course(适当的时候)so that I could enjoy the opportunity to repay yours kinds and refresh our friendship(加深友谊).【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt gratitude(由衷感谢).【P3S2】Wish you all the best.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

三、祝贺信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的 Para2 S1 艰辛（你）。S2 激动（你）。S3 值得（你）。S4 鼓舞（我）。S5 骄傲（我）。

Para3 S1 再次祝贺。S2 期待更大成功。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/ Tom / Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of expressing(/extending /conveying)my warmest congratulations on your graduation from the Graduate School(/your promotion to general manager of the company(荣升公司总经理)).【P2S1】I know how hard you have worked to attain(（通常经过努力）实现, 达到, 获得，得到)this goal.【P2S2】Therefore, I can imagine your excitement when you realized such an ambition(after all these years of painstaking efforts(艰苦努力)).【P2S3】Indeed, no one could have been more deserving than you.【P2S4】On the other hand, for me, it will be a real encouragement to see your efforts rewarded(看到你的能力得到回报).【P2S5】In short, I take great pride in your current achievements.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt(/sincere/genuine)congratulations on your success.【P3S2】I wish you will farther success(更大的成功).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

四、推荐信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的Para2 S1（其）现状。S2（其）目的。S3（其）困难。S4（其）愿望。S5（己）期待。

Para3 S1 感谢。S2 期待（套语）。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Jack(/Judy)，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of introducing(/recommending)to you Li Ming, one of my best friends(/colleagues/students/classmates).【P2S1】Presently(/At present)he(/she)is studying at Sichuan University.【P2S2】He(/She)will go to Harvard University in your place for farther study.【P2S3】As it will be the first time for him to study abroad, he will most likely encounter（碰到）a variety of problems(通用句).【P2S4】He(/She)hopes to obtain your guidance in many ways.【P2S5】I would be grateful if you could can kindly offer help(通用句).【P3S1】Thank you for your due attention to this letter(/Thank you for spending time(in)reading this letter).【P3S2】I am looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

五、辞职信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的Para2 S1 有因。S2 原因（工作性质）1。S3 原因2。S4 强调目的（辞职）。Para3 S1 感谢（曾经提供机会）。S2 期待批准。（S3 致歉损失。）

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Mr.Wang，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of informing you of my decision to(通用句)resign(/resigning)from my current position.【P2S1】After two months of work, I find it inappropriate(不合适的)for me to take the position as an editor for the following reasons.【P2S2】Firstly(/In the first place / First and foremost), I ever expected the job to be challenging and rewarding(挑战与回报), which has turned out to be the opposite.【P2S3】Besides, the salary has proved to be much lower than you originally promised and I have a large family to spport.【P2S4】Therefore I have made up my mind quit after much deliberation(深思熟虑;研究).【P3S1】Thanks(/Thank you)for having offered me the splendid(/golden)opportunity to work with the outstanding staff(优秀员工)here.【P3S2】I genuinely(/sincerely)do hope that you will approve of my resignation.(【P3S3】I am genuinely sorry for any inconvenience caused.)

Yours faithfully(忠实地), Zhang Wei

六、求职信

1、模板：

Para1（S1 自我介绍。）S2 写信目的。Para2 S1 有资质（条件）。S2 条件1（教育背景）。S3 条件2（工作经验）。（S4 条件3（自身素质）。）S4 其它详细见简历。

Para3 S1 感谢。S2 期待。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of applying for the position as advertised in China Daily(/the local newspaper / on TV).【P1S2】I am an undergraduate from Sichuan University.【P2S1】My qualifications are as follows(/My qualification, I believe, amply meet your requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, my specialty(/specialty / major), English education(/marking), ensures(/guarantees(保证;商品保证))that my educational background is right(/perfectly)in line with(跟„一致)this job.【P2S3】In second, my previous experience as a middle school English teacher(/a sales manager(„/assistant))has helped lay a solid foundation(坚实的基础)for the work here.(【P2S4】In the third, I a good team player, self-motivated and eager to learn.)【P2S5】Please refer to my attached my resume for more details.【P3S1】I would appreciate it very much if you could schedule an interview.【P3S2】Looking(/I am looking)forward to your reply(to hear from you)at your earliest convenience(方便;合宜).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

七、邀请信（公函）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 自我介绍。S2 目的。

Para2 S1 活动1。S2（套语）邀请。S3 活动2。S4（套语）邀请。Para3 S1 再次邀请。S2 期待（回复/来否）。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam，【P1S1】I am head(/director)of the Household Electric Appliance Plant, which is a leading manufacturer of high-quality recording equipment.【P1S2】I am writing this letter for the purpose of inviting you to an exclusive(发布会)presentation of our new models of Digital Recorders.【P2S1】The occasion(活动)(/presentation)will take place at Noble Hotel on the third of January.【P2S2】I would feel it a great honor if you could come.【P2S3】There will also be a reception at two P.M.【P2S4】I hope you will attend too.【P3S1】Since your presence(参加)is so important to this presentation, I do(/sincerely / sincerely)hope you can make it(由衷希望您想法设法前来参加).【P3S2】We are looking forward to seeing on the day.Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

八、道歉信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的Para2 S1 致歉（具体原因）。S2 深深歉意。S3 解决办法1。S4 问题解决。Para3 S1 再次歉意。S2 期待谅解。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Bob，【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making an apology to you for my carelessness(粗心大意)(/expressing / conveying / extending my sincere apologies to you for my carelessness).【P2S1】When I arrived(/returned)home, I found(that)I had forgotten to return the music CD that you were so kind to lend me.【P2S2】I feel badly(/awfully)sorry for it.【P2S3】As I understand this CD is one of your favorites, I’ll try my best to send it back as soon as possible.【P2S4】According to the regulations concerned, it will take almost a week to reach Canada.【P3S1】Once again, please accept my heartfelt apology.【P3S2】I sincerely hope that we can keep corresponding with each other.(/ 【P3S1】Once again, I am sorry to my inconvenience caused.【P3S2】I sincerely hope you can accept my apology.)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

九、投诉信（complaint）

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的 Para2 S1 原因（总述）。S2 原因1。S3 原因2。S4 处境。Para3 S1 要求。S2 期待解决。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

To whom if may concern(/ To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of making a complain about the laptop I bought last week.【P2S1】The reason for my dissatisfaction(/complaint)is that a few problems occurred in the use.【P2S2】To begin with, the system often broke down for no reason and some important data were lost.【P2S3】More over(/ in addition), the color of the screen was abnormal, and could not be adjusted.【P2S4】Considering these(鉴于以上原因), I find it difficult to go on with my work.【P3S1】I believe that you will take this matter into serious consideration and gibe a satisfactory reply.【P3S2】At the same time(/In the meantime / meanwhile), I sincerely hope to see improvement in your products(/service / management).Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十、请求信

1、模板：

Para1 S1 写信目的Para2 S1 有要求。S2 要求1。S3 要求2。S4 要求3。S5 我的计划。Para3 S1 再次请求。S2 感谢/期待。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Dear Sir or Madam,(/To whom if may concern / To those concerned,)

【P1S1】I am writing this letter for the purpose of finding a child in a remote area to offer financial aid(/contributing to “Project Hope” by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area).【P2S1】My requirement are as follows(/The candidate should amply meet the following requirements).【P2S2】In the first place, he must be very poor and truly in need of help.【P2S3】Besides, he must be self-motivated and eager to learn.【P2S4】Last but not the least, he must be willing to return to his home town after graduation from university.(【P2S5】And I would send him a certain sum of money each semester term from this year on until he finishes his higher education.【P3S1】I would be most grateful if you could help me in this matter.【P3S2】Your prompt reply would be highly appreciated.(通用句)

Yours sincerely(/ Sincerely yours), Zhang Wei

十一、通知

1、模板：

Para1 S1 缘由。S2 主题。S3 要求（总述）。S4 要求1。S5 要求2。S6时间/地点。S7希望/欢迎。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Notice 【P1S1】To improve the student’ ability and enrich campus life(/extracurricular activities(课外活动)), the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization.【P1S2】The qualifications for the applicants are as follows.【P1S3】To begin with, the candidates should have outstanding skills at English.【P1S4】In addition, they must have a strong professional sprit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35.【P1S5】Last but not the least, the students with relevant working experience are preferred.【P1S6】Those who are interested in this activity may sign up with the monitor of their classes before February 1,2011.【P1S7】Everybody is welcome to join in it.【署通知单位】Postgraduates’ Association

【通知时间】January 15, 2011

十二、备忘录

1、模板：

Para1 S1 缘由+主题。S2 内容（有）。S3 要求1。S4 要求2。S5 报名时间地点。S6期望。(时间+收发人+事由)

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

Data: January 15, 2011

To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Zhang Wei Subject: Spring Excursion(正文Message:)

【P1S1】As spring arrives and the weather turns to be agreeable(怡人的)，the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in a suburban county(Huairou District).【P1S2】The activities include mountain-climbing and picnic(爬山和野餐).【P1S3】All the students of the English Department anr encouraged to participate.【P1S4】We remind(提醒)you of the necessity(必要)of bringing some food and water as well as wearing comfortable shoes.【P1S5】Those who are interested in this activity(/excursion)may sign up with the monitor of their classed before April 1, 2011.【P1S6】Everybody is welcome to join in it.十三、报告

1、模板：

Para1 S1 目的Para2 S1 主要活动（总述）。S2 活动1。S3 活动2。S4 活动3。Para3 S1 接下来。S2 期望/展望。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：

To: Professor Barbara From: James Green Data: January 15, 2011

Subject: First progress report on graduation thesis(毕业论文)(正文Message:)略。

十四、大作文

1、模板：【4|5|2阵型】

Para1 【己点】S1 有现象+具体现象。S2 有不同“点”。S3 正点+反点。S4 己点。

Para2 【己据】S1 有据（总）。S2 据1。S3 例1。S4 据2。S5 据3（换句话说To put it in another way）。

Para3 【己据】S1 强化己点。S2 预测（评论）。

2、说明：（„）部分可省略；（/„）部分可以替换；【„】部分是提示实际不要。

3、范文：【2010年1月MBA 作文】

【P1S1】In this chart, it can be seen that the subscription number of mobile phones in developed countries had a steady but slight increase from 2000 to 2007 and has remained constant since then.【P1S2】Meanwhile, the subscriptions in developing countries have witnessed a dramatic increase, especially from 2004 to 2008.【P2S1】It’s no difficult job to come up with some possible factors to account for this phenomenon.【P2S2】At the top of the list is the recent huge improvement of people’s living standards in developing countries.【P2S3】It is reported that, with the rapid economic growth of these counties, mobile phones have become a life necessity overnight rather than a luxury.【P2S4】Besides we must admit that developing countries have a far larger population and accordingly a larger demand for mobile phone services than developed countries.【P2S5】Finally, what is responsible for the situation is that the mobile phone service in developing countries has been increasingly cheaper these years.【P2S6】In developed countries, however, the speed of the mobile phone service had been more efficient and therefore the market was soon saturated.【P3S1】As discussed above, it is no surprise to see this difference..【P3S2】And I firmly believe that this established trend will continue for quite a while in the forthcoming years.========================

【P1S1】These days, there is an increasingly hot topic among the general public which concerns the phenomenon that a growing number of college students are willing to work as a nurse after graduation.【P1S2】Whenever it comes to this issue, there will spring up a wide variety of voices.【P1S3】Some people view it as beneficial, while still some others consider that it is not suitable or acceptable for a developing country like China.【P1S4】So far as I am concerned, I am inclined to support the former view.【P2S1】It is of no difficulty for me to put forward some arguments to illustrate my standpoint.【P2S2】At the top of the list, with the rapid development of Chinese economy and the steady improvement of living standard, there is an increasing demand for high quality nurses.【P2S3】Based upon a recent Internet survey, about 56% of Chinese families in big cities are in need of this kind of highly educated workforce.【P2S4】What’s more, we must admit that there is a fierce competition in the current Chinese employment market.【P2S5】Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, in the long run, as an emerging profession in China, highly educated nurses will be widely recognized and respected.【P3S1】There is no denying the fact that people will have diverse views on the same issue, but my standpoint is clear and well founded in the foregoing discussions.【P3S2】Therefore, I believe, the current trend should be encouraged rather than discouraged or even banned.