殖民主义第一堂课1

第一篇：殖民主义第一堂课1

A History of American Literature

Major stages of American Literature

1.The Colonial and Revolutionary Period: 1607---1810

2.The Romantic Period: 1810---1860

3.The Realistic Period: 1860---1914

4.The Modern Period: 1914---1945

5.The Period of Pluralism:1945---the present

The Colonial and Revolutionary Period

(1607---1810)

1.The Colonial Period : 1607---1750

2.The Revolutionary Period: 1750---1810

Historical Background :

Colonization & immigration

Indians of North America

1492, Christopher Columbus

Migration from Europe

1607, more than 120 British men founded the first English Colony, Jamestown in Virginia 1620, ―May Flower‖, Puritans, Plymouth colony in New England

1630, Massachusetts Bay colony

Thirteen English colonies(1607-1733)English Colonies

Mayflower(imitation), 27 meters long

102 people aboard

66 days at sea

Features of Puritanism

Purification of the church

Calvinism(John Calvin, 1509-1564, French protestant reformer)

Emphasis of Predestination ―预定论‖

Total depravity(Original Sin)彻底的堕落(因原罪而起）

Unconditional election 无条件挑选

Prevenient & Irresistible grace 恩惠不由索取

Limited atonement 有限的赎罪

The Covenant of Grace 恩典之约(grace of God, the blessed land, Garden of Eden)

Influence of Puritanism

Intolerance and bigotry in religion, austerity and rigidity of taste, asceticism, killjoy way of life(The word ―Puritan‖ is used to refer to denote strictness in morality.)

Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety highly cherished

Positive influence on national character, on literature and on culture – determination, optimism, simplicity, symbolism.(p.14-15)

popular image of Puritans: a teetotaler绝不沾酒, gaunt骨瘦如柴, lank-haired头发平直, wearing a black steeple hat尖顶帽

Overview of the Literary Scene

Genre(personal literature)— diaries, histories, journals, letters, travelbooks, autobiographies/biographies, sermons

Theme — Idealism & pragmatism: God or colonial expansion, politics, ideas of Enlightenment andrevolution, advocacy of independence and democracy

Form — imitated and transplanted English literary traditions

Features — proud sense of mission, emphasis on didactic role, rich in religious color, not professional, highly promotional & political, largely derivative and dependent

Colonial Literature

Early American writers:

Captain John Smith(Jamestown)

William Bradford(Plymouth)

John Winthrop(Massachusetts Bay)

Early poets:

Anne Bradstreet

Edward Taylor

Anne Bradstreet(1612 — 1672)

安妮·布雷兹特里特

First famous poet in North America, known as the ―Tenth Muse‖, sometimes regarded as the ―mother of Amerian Poetry‖

Major works:

The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America(1650)《最近在美洲出现的第十位缪斯》the first collection of poems in North America.Literature in the Age of

Reason and Revolution

(1750—1810)

Historical Background

1.War of Independence

2.Enlightenment(science, order, reason;deism 自然神论;Jean Jaques Rouseau, Social Contract社会契约论,)

Overview of the Literary Scene

1.Genre: prose, novel, poetry, drama

2.Content: justification of War;encourage people;civil and religious freedom;American material

3.Form: imitation, began to seek for literary independence

4.Features:

1750 –1780, distinct political nature；

1780 –1800, seek for cultural independence

Major Thinkers and Writers

Thomas Jefferson: 杰佛逊

 ―Declaration of Independence‖

Thomas Paine:潘恩

―Common Sense‖, ―The American Crisis‖

Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林

―Poor Richard’s Almanac‖, ―Autobiography‖

Philip Freneau: 菲利普• 弗瑞诺 ―Father of Am.Poetry‖

―The Wild Honeysuckle‖(p.23)

―The Indian Burying Ground‖

Jonathan Edwards: religious, a minister

Major works of Jefferson

1.Declaration of Independence, 1776

----―We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and pursuit of Happiness.‖

Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)

Statesman, essayist, orator, philosopher, ambassador, scientist, inventor, publisher

―master of each and mastered by none‖—Herman Melville

One of the Founding Fathers of America

 Symbol of America in the Age of Enlightenment

 The only American to sign the four documents that created the United States:

the Declaration of Independence

the treaty of alliance with France

the treaty of peace with England

the Constitution

The symbol of American Dream, a self-made man

His Major Works(1)

Poor Richard’s Almanac(1732)《格言历书》

 poems and essays

 a good many adages and commonsense witticisms

Be civil to all, social to many, familiar to few, friend to one, enemy to none

Lost time is never found again.A penny saved is a penny earned.God help them that help themselves.Fish and visitors stink in three days.Early to bed, and early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise.His Major Works(2)

Autobiography(1868)

— the simple yet immensely fascinating record of a man rising to wealth and fame from a state of poverty and obscurity

— the faithful account of the colorful career of American’s first self-made man.— a Puritan document(self-examination and self-improvement;illustration of Puritan ethics)—a story of the fulfillment of American dream.Supplementary reading

Colonization of America

•Two important New England Settlements

•The Plymouth Colony

Flagship Mayflower arrivesWilliam Bradford

Settlers known as Pilgrims

The Mayflower Compact provides for

social, religious, and economic freedom,while still maintaining ties to Great Britain.•The Massachusetts Bay Colony

Flagship Arbella arrivesJohn Winthrop

Settlers are mostly Puritans

The Arbella Covenant clearly establishes

a religious settlement,free of ties to Great Britain.Colonial Prose Writers

•John Smith(1580-1631)约翰·史密斯, the first American writer

– A true Relation of Virginia(1608)《关于弗吉尼亚的真实叙述》

–A Description of New England（1616)《新英格兰概述》

•William Bradford(1590-1657), 威廉·布拉福德，“Father of American History”.–Of Plymouth Plantation《 普利茅斯种植园史》

•John Winthrop(1588-1649), 约翰·温斯罗普

–The History of New England 《新英格兰史》

•Major works of Jefferson

•1.Declaration of Independence, 1776

----―We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and pursuit of Happiness.‖

2.Notes on the State of Virginia 《 弗吉尼亚笔记》 back

•托马斯·潘恩（1737— 1809）most influential thinker and writer in the War of Independence•Major works

–Common Sense 《常识》

–The American Crisis 《美洲危机》（―The Times that Try Men’s Souls‖《考验人的灵魂的时代》)

–The Rights of Man(1791 — 1792)《人的权利》

–The Age of Reason 《理性的时代》back

Thirteen virtues from The Autobiography(1)

•1.Temperance节制.Eat not to dullness;drink not to elevation.•2.Silence沉默.Speak not but what may benefit others or yourself;avoid trifling conversation.•3.Order秩序.Let all your things have their places;let each part of your business have its time.•4.Resolution决心.Resolve to perform what you ought;perform without fail what you resolve.Thirteen virtues from The Autobiography(2)

•5.Frugality节俭.Make no expense but to do good to others or yourself, i.e., waste nothing.•6.Industry勤奋.Lose no time;be always employed in something useful;cut off all unnecessary actions.•7.Sincerity诚实.Use no harmful deceit;think innocently and justly, and, if you speak, speak accordingly.•8.Justice公正.Wrong none by doing injuries, or omitting the benefits that are your duty.Thirteen virtues from The Autobiography(3)

•9.Moderation适度.Avoid extremes;forbear resenting injuries so much as you think they deserve.•10.Cleanliness清洁.Tolerate no uncleanliness

•in body, clothes, or habitation.•11.Tranquility宁静.Be not disturbed at trifles, or at accidents common or unavoidable.•12.Chastity贞洁.Rarely use venery but for health or offspring, never to dullness, weakness, or the injury of our own or another’s peace or reputation.•13.Humility谦虚.Imitate Jesus and Socrates.•Autobiography: A story that a person writes abouthis or her own life is called an autobiography.Autobiographies are written in first-person point of view, and biographies in third-person point of view.First-person narration makes readers feel that the writer is talking directly to them and gives more of the writer’s personal ideas and feelings than a third-person narration.Nobel Prize winners

•1930 Sinclair Lewis

•1936 Eugene O’Neill

•1938 Pearl S.Buck

•1948 T.S.Elliot

•1949 William Faulkner

•1954 Ernest Hemingway

•1962 John Steinbeck

•1976 Saul Bellow

•1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer

•1993 Toni Morrison

第二篇：新学期第一堂课

导入 自我介绍（略）

讲授新课 想想说说 你是怎样学语文的？

看看议议

歌谣：

练好语文基本功，优秀诗文勤记诵；

报纸杂志常翻阅，买书看书做书虫。

语文笔记贵坚持，课外练笔不放松，生活处处皆学问，他山之石把玉攻。

基础知识早复习，课本学习贯始终。

1）基本功：普通话讲的如何？字写得咋样？生活中比如写信或作文时错字连篇？

2）优秀诗篇： 抓好早读时间，大声朗读，培养语感，尽量运用，活学活用。

3）报刊杂志 《语文报》》《读者》《细节》《格言》等等

4）他山之玉：两位数学老师第一堂课的介绍及学生课后的感想（四篇）

（2）主客观因素

A 都想考好，这是主观能动性

B 重要性 ：主课；分值；基础学科；能力：逻辑思维，空间思维

（3）树立信心（鼓励）

成绩好的：细心，争取满分

成绩差点的：多用功，肯学，有信心，不放弃，定能学好。

（4）介绍学习方法

A 记 ：概念必须理解记准确，切忌囫囵吞枣；

B 练：多练，熟能生巧，并能举一反三。

C 省：容易出错的地方，还没掌握的知识，今后注意的地方。

5）落实行动：请同学们写一写对语文的认识，学语文的方法以及有没有信心学好语文。赵老师的第一堂课

（1）谈缘分：走到一起，成为师生

（2）快适应：老师，学生-------放长假后；师生------尽快适应

（3）悦接纳：缺点、弱项------宽容，忽视；优点-----记住、放大。

（5）要互动：课堂要互动，互相调动积极性。

（6）教做人：展现最好面，不给同学起侮辱性外号，彼此尊重，主动和老师打招呼，让老师

尽快记住你。记住老师和同学的优点，有力于自己快乐成长。

（7)严律己：保证对学生一视同仁，成绩好坏不必过多考虑，只要你努力了就好。希望创设宽松 和谐的的氛围。

中考考什么？

一、基础知识：读音、释义、同义词、标点、成语

病句、古诗词等共24分。（不难，好多来自课本）

二、现代文阅读：散文，小说，说明文，议论文

三、文言文阅读：

四、诗歌鉴赏

五、作文

作文分量很重，如何提高写作水平，如何积累素材，请考虑，并提出自己的想法。

读名人名篇：《语文该怎样学》孔庆东感受大家如何学语文的。

布置作业：你认为语文要学什么，你有什么打算？

第三篇：自我介绍第一堂课

面试时，我们会面对形形色色的问题，而最令人哑口无言的，往往是一些最简单和最常见的题目，比如“请你自我介绍一下”。大多数应征者的反应是——我应该如何作答呢？

其实要懂得应对此问题，就要先做好准备。You„ll have a better chance of impressing the interviewer if you think about this question before the interview.The first thing to realize is that the question，“Tell me about yourself，” provides you with a great chance to promote your strong points.This is particularly important when applying for a job that is different from what you have done in the past.You need to show the interviewer that your previous jobs provide you with skills that can be used in the new job.WHAT TO TALK ABOUT 如何介绍？

你可以选择三个重点来介绍自己，但避免重复履历中曾提及的资料。Around this skeleton should be the meat of your answer；your less obvious，but important skills.Here are some of the skills that you might want to mention.自我介绍的时间不要过长，最好是一至三分钟。最初你可能会觉得时间太长，但当你真正要介绍自己三项特质时，你就会发现时间不够用了。

WHAT TO SAY 应说什么？

What you actually say，in terms of the words you use，is something that you have to decide.You need to create an answer that sounds natural and，at the same time，interesting.背答案估计没有人愿意听。The way to determine whether your answer is natural is simply by writing a first draft of the answer and then read it out loud.When you do this，you„ll probably spot things that you have to change.当你构思答案时，你要想想应该如何说出，内容要令人感兴趣，不沉闷，避免滔滔不绝地只说自己的强项。

Here are some final things to think about when answering the question “Tell me about yourself.”

Mention major awards or accomplishments that relate to your career；

阐述工作上的重要成就或奖项

Promote your strengths，but do not mention any of your weaknesses；

推销自己的长处，但不要提及自己的弱点

Try to be funny if you can，but don„t force it；

可以的话，尽量说得幽默有趣

Summarize your career and education，but don„t recite a list；

概括说出你的工作经验和学历，但切勿背诵

Don„t start with your date of birth；

不用提及你的出生日期

Avoid information that is not career-related.The fact that you own a dog won„t get you a job避免说一些与职业无关的事，例如：你有一只狗，这并不能为你争取到工作

Always answer this question 经常思考和解答这条问题 Try to sound natural 对答要自然 Relax and enjoy yourself！放松心情，尽力而为。

一分钟的自我介绍，犹如商品广告，在短短60秒内，针对“客户”的需要，将自己最美好的一面，毫无保留地表现出来，不但要令对方留下深刻的印象，还要即时引发起“购买欲”。自我认识想一矢中的，首先必须知道你能带给公司什么好处。当然不能空口讲白话，必须有事实加以证明。

包括工作模式、优点、技能，突出成就、专业知识、学术背景等。

好处众多，但只有短短一分钟，所以一切还是与该公司有关的好。如果是一间电脑软件公司，应说些电脑软件的话题;如是一间金融财务公司，便可跟他说钱的事，总之投其所好。但有一点必须紧记：话题所到之处，必须突出自己对该公司做出的贡献，如增加营业额、减低成本、发掘新市场等。

铺排次序内容的次序亦极重要，是否能紧握听众的注意力，全在于事件的编排方式。所以排在头位的，应是你最想他记得的事情。而这些事情，一般都是你最得意之作。与此同时，可呈上一些有关的作品或记录增加印象分。

身体语言不管内容如何精彩绝伦，若没有美丽的包装，还是不成的。所以在自我介绍当中，必须留意自己在各方面的表现，尤其是声线。切忌以背诵朗读的口吻介绍自己。最好事前找些朋友作练习对象，尽量令声线听来流畅自然，充满自信。

身体语言也是重要的一环，尤其是眼神接触。这不但令听众专心，也可表现自信。曾有一项报告指出，日常的沟通，non-verbal非语言性的占了take up 70%。所以，若想面试成功，便应紧记注意一下你的身体语言。

6.I name is **, come from *** province.This year is **years old, , is a student who will soon graduate.Passes the foundation knowledge that the teacher's guidance controled a calculator with personal effort firmly in the school.Mainly studied c language at the software aspect.c#.Java etc.plait the distance language, the data structure, VF.Access etc.database is applied, calculator operate system.Studied the Dreamweaver web page manufacture and the ASP network to weave a distance also.Studied the calculator network at the hardware aspect, the calculator construction with maintain.Combine many times to attend to pack machine, set the fulfillment of the net operation lesson, make me control the work principle of the calculator and the set of the calculator network net process.9.Good morning/afternoon!My name is xxx, 22 years old.I graduated from xxx college in 2008 and got my degree in electronic commerce.I like working on client service and have patients and experiences in it as I have been doing such job since graduated.I am excellent in computer and Office software operation.Besides, I am an easygoing person and carefully in my work.If I can secure employment in your company, I belive I can quickly involve in the teamwork.Thanks for your attention.

第四篇：上好第一堂课

上好第一堂课——鄂南高中实习小组讲课心得

作者：翁凡凡来源：文学院发布时间：2010年9月25日点击量：2

51一名指导老师、三位同学和八十二个学生塞满了整个鄂南高中高二二十班的教室，本来就已臃肿的班级这时在我的眼里却显得分外的让人温暖。来到鄂南高中的整整一周的时间，今天，我站在了语文课堂的讲台上，开始我的“第一堂课”。

这是我的教学生涯中真正意义上的第一堂课，面对的是活生生的高二小孩，是一双双好奇求知的眼睛。然而，我竟一点紧张感都没有，我竟如此从容镇定地顺利完成了我的第一堂课。学生的回馈、同学的肯定，再加上指导老师的一句“第一堂课上得非常的成功！”，这一切告诉我：我已经上好了我的第一堂课。记得于永正老师给新教师的二十条建议中，有一条就赫然写着——“上好第一堂课”。这如两个陌生人的第一次会面一样，人们总是容易形成刻板印象。第一堂课对于一个新老师来说，其意义同样如此。学生极有可能因此给你贴上了一个标签。他以后对待你的课堂的态度，对待你的学科的态度，对待你的态度，或许已经在第一堂课之后决定了。

那么，究竟如何上好第一堂课呢？下面我谈一谈我的几点课后反思与总结。首先，充分的准备是最重要的条件。“天道酬勤人”。早在几天前我就手写好了我的教案，教案细致到课堂上要讲到的任何的一字一句。教案也已经让指导老师看过两遍，修改过一遍又一遍，红色的字夹杂在黑色的字中间。昨天也已经在小组同学的面前试讲过一遍，自己在宿舍演练了一整晚。以致我最后可以把全篇教案毫无遗漏地背出来。其次，强大的自信是镇定剂。我的自信还得益于在学校时候的多次试讲机会，它们让我适应并且喜欢上站在讲台的感觉，它们告诉了我：“我是适合讲台的。”而你走上讲台后，只要迅速地捕捉到那种熟悉的感觉，那么，你就能够挥洒自如了。最后，和谐的人际关系是保证。与指导老师相处愉快，她总是特别的亲切，给了我很多的鼓励与肯定。小组成员诚恳的建议与帮助，也让我完全没了担忧。与学生一周的相处，让我对他们也不再陌生，感觉他们就像我的弟弟妹妹一般。

当然，这第一堂课也并不能说尽善尽美了。存在的缺点也是一些比较普遍的问题，在这里也列出来供为“前车之鉴”。第一，给学生发言的评价艺术还有待提高；第二，课堂任务的布置还需要更加明确；第三，课件的字体还需更大一点。

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第五篇：初中语文__第一堂课

运用演示文稿制作课件

幻灯片1

我是李鸿章中堂大人的亲妻（戚）；所以，我不敢娶（取）你；我从不给蠢材让路

阁下；我跟您正好相反

幻灯片2：初中语文开 学 第 一 课

幻灯片3

一、何为语文？

二、如何学好语文？

三、语文课堂学习的具体要求：

四、其他事项：

幻灯片4：

一、何为语文？语文+语言=文字

幻灯片5：语，语言，说话。

像墨子劝说楚王停止攻宋；像孔明舌战群儒联吴抗曹；像魏书生演讲妙语连珠；像周总理谈判机智幽默。见什么人说什么话，进什么场合发什么言，话一出口如春风拂面，如隆冬的炉火，如炎夏的清泉。幻灯片6：文：文章、文采

他是比喻迭起的《离骚》；

是气势如虹的汉赋；是凝炼隽永的唐诗宋词；是琅琅上口、词彩句丽的散文； 是栩栩如生、生动形象的四大名著。

幻灯片7

语文是炫目的先秦繁星，是皎洁的汉宫秋月；是珠落玉盘的琵琶，是高山流水的琴瑟；是“推”“敲”不定的月下门，是但求一字的数茎须；是庄子的逍遥云游，是孔子的颠沛流离；是魏王的老骥之志，是诸葛的锦囊妙计；是君子好逑的《诗经》，是魂兮归来的《楚辞》；是执过羊鞭的《兵法》，是受过宫刑的《史 记》；是李太白的杯中酒，是曹雪芹的梦中泪；是千古绝唱的诗词曲 赋，是功垂青史的《四库全书》„„ 幻灯片8

你知道其中的哪些典故？哪几本书？

除此之外，你还知道哪些典故？读过哪些本书？

幻灯片9

做好课文的预习

按照预习案要求自主预习课文，利用注释或工具书读准字音，试着了解作者写了哪些内容，然后明晰作者的思路是什么，文章的主要观点是什么，最后总结出文章的写作技巧是什么，语言运用特点是什么；文章值得借鉴的是什么，读后受到的启发有哪些，文章有什么不足及需要商榷的地方。幻灯片10需要准备物品：

1、《新华字典》

2、《钢笔字帖》

3、图书角（每人1-2本）

4、作文本2本、笔记本（语文练习本）2本、周记本1本、小字本1本

幻灯片11

推荐书目：⑴《西游记》吴承恩著;（2）《水浒传》施耐庵著；⑶《朝花夕拾》鲁迅著； ⑷《骆驼祥子》老舍著；⑸《繁星·春水》冰心著⑹《鲁滨孙这漂流记》(英)笛福著；⑺《格列佛游记》（英）斯威夫特著；⑻《童年》（俄）高尔基著；⑼《钢铁是怎样练成的》（俄）奥斯特洛夫斯基著；⑽《名人传》（法）罗曼·罗兰著。

课外杂志：《意林》、《读者》 《青年文摘》、《小小说》、《格言》

幻灯片12:趣味语文

从前，有个卖豆芽的人，请村上的教书先生为他写春联。这个教书先生却给他写了幅古里古怪的对联：长长长长长长长 长长长长长长长 横批：长长长长

你知道怎么读吗？

幻灯片13

Chang Zhang Chang Zhang Chang Chang Zhang ,Zhang Chang Zhang Chang Zhang Zhang Chang.Chang Zhang Zhang Chang.这幅对联的意思是：主人家的豆芽都要常长常长，生长不止，越长越长，越来越长。这幅对联把汉字的通假、异读等特点巧妙地结合起来，字面上显得十分别致，又表达了主人家的美好愿望 幻灯片14：接歇后语

（1）猪鼻子上插大葱—— 装象（2）千里送鹅毛——礼轻情义重（3）秋后的蚂蚱—— 蹦达不了几天(4）孔夫子搬家——净书(输)（5）老鼠爬进书箱里——咬文嚼字

（6）周瑜打黄盖—— 一个愿打 一个愿挨(7）刘备借荆州——有借无还

（8）司马昭之心—— 路人皆知（9）徐庶进曹营-——一言不发

幻灯片15：猜 字 谜

（1）两口坐在狗头上（哭）

（2）牛的头，土的尾，猜不着，别多嘴。（先）

（3）一对明月，完整无缺，落在山下，四分五裂（崩）

（4）四面不透风，一人在当中，若是猜囚字，其实没猜中。（因）

（5）两个幼童去砍柴，没有力气砍不来，归家又怕人笑话，躲在山中不出来（幽）

（6）写时口要合，读他口张开，平时不露面，你笑她准来。（哈）     