第一篇：2013高考英语写作技巧和万能句子
书面表达中的高级结构
一．高级词汇
1．occur 替换 think of
Suddenly I had an idea that someone had broken into my house.→An idea occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.It occurred to me that someone had broken into my house.2．devote替换spend
He spends all his spare time in reading.→
He devotes all his spare time to reading.3．seek替换want / look for
They sought(wanted)to hide themselves behind the trees.4．average 替换ordinary
I’m an average(ordinary)student.5．but替换very
The film we saw last night was very interesting.→
The film we saw last night was nothing but interesting.The film we saw last night was anything but boring.6．seat 替换sit
On his way to school, he found an old lady seated(sitting)by the road, looking worried.7．suppose 替换should
He is supposed to(should)have driven more slowly.8．appreciate 替换thank
Thank you very much for you help.→
We appreciate your help very much./ Your help is much appreciated.9．the case替换 true
I don’t think it is the case(true).10．on替换as soon as
As soon as he arrived, he began his research.→
On his arrival, he began his research..11．due to替换because of
He arrived late due to(because of)the storm.12．cover替换walk/read
After covering(walking)10 miles, we all felt tired.13．contribute to替换be helpful/useful
Plenty of memory work is undoubtedly helpful to English study.→
Plenty of memory work will undoubtedly contribute to English study.14．round the corner 替换 coming soon/ nearby
① The summer vacation is round the corner(coming).Do you have any plans?
② Li Ming studies in a school round the corner(nearby).15．come to light替换discover
The family were so pleased when they discovered the lost jewels.→
The family were so pleased when the lost jewels came to light.16．have a ball替换have a good time/ enjoy oneself
After visiting the workshop, we went back to school.Every one of us had a ball(had a good time).17．come up with替换think of
Jack is very clever.He often comes up with(thinks of)new ideas.18．set aside替换save
Some students think that they should set aside some of their pocket money for books.(2004天津卷)
20．refer to替换talk about/of, mention
The professor you referred to(talked about)is very famous.21．can not but / can not help but替换have to do
I could not but(had to)go home.22．more often than not替换usually
More often than not(Usually), the meaning of many words can be easily guessed.24．be long for sth./ be long to do sth.替换want to do sth./wish for
I want to see you very much.→
I am long to see you.25．be caught up in/be crazy about/be absorbed in/be addicted to替换be interested in
He is caught up in(very interested in)collecting stamps.26．more than替换very
① I’m very glad to learn that you are coming in September.→
I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming in September.(NMET 2003)
② If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.(2004全国卷)
27．perfect(ly)替换good/ very well
He speaks perfect(good)English./ He speaks English perfectly(very well).28．do sb a/the favor 替换help
Would you please do me the favor(help me)to turn down the radio?
29．the other day替换a few days ago
The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.(NMET 1997)
30．in the course of替换during
In the course of(During)the mountain-climbing, please help each other and pay special attention to your safety.31．the majority of替换most
The majority of(Most of)the interviewees prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema.32．consist of替换be made up of
Our class consists of(is made up of)50 students.33．be worn out替换 be tired / broken
① After five hours’ non-stop work, we were all worn out(tired).② My shoes are worn out(broken).Please buy me a new pair.34．become of替换 happen
What do think has become of(happened to)him ?
35．attend to替换look after
36．on condition that替换as long as
37．nevertheless替换however
38．express one’s satisfaction with替换be satisfied with
39．spare no efforts to do替换try one’s best to do
40．many a 替换many
41．be rushed off one’s feet替换be busy in doing
42．a handful of替换a little / some
43．meanwhile替换at the same time
44．get to one’s feet替换stand up
45．beneath替换under
46．occasionally替换sometimes /once in while
47．for instance替换for example
48．seldom替换not often
49．wealthy替换 rich
50．amazing替换surprising
51．as a matter of fact 替换in fact
二．高级句型结构
◆ It句型
② It is + adj./n.+ for sb to do sth.例句：It is very important for us to learn computer well, because it has changed our life so much.③ It is + 被强调部分 + that…
例句：It is what Yang Liwei has done that encourages us a lot.◆ more …than any other 表示最高级
例句：Among the optional courses, spoken English and computer study are
more popular than any one else.◆ with结构
① A terrible accident happened yesterday,② He was carrying a bedroll and a large bag on his shoulder,◆ 倒装句
① The library is to the east of the teaching building.→
② Although we are tired, we are happy.→
③
◆ 被动语态
例句 Opinions are divided on the question.(NMET 2002)
◆◆ 相关过渡语
1、表示时间顺序: first, then, afterwards, meanwhile, later，first of all, finally, at last…
2、表示空间顺序: near, next to, far from, in front of, on the left, on one side…
3、表示比较、对照: like, unlike, such as, but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise…
4、表示因果关系: because, for, as a result, therefore, thus…
5、表示递进关系: besides, what’s more, what was worse, moreover, furthermore, in addition, on top of…
6、表示并列关系: and, as well as, also…
7、表示总结性: in general, in a word, in short, on the whole, to sum up, in brief
万能句子：
一、引出话题
1、Recently the problem of…… has been brought into focus.==Nowadays there is a
growing concern over ……（最近……问题引起了关注）
2、Nowadays,...has become a problem that we have to face.（现今，......已成为我们不得不面对的问题）
3、With the rapid development of science and technology，more and more people believe that……（随着科技的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为……）
4、It is a common belief that……==It is commonly believed that……（人们一般认为……）
二、表达不同观点
1：People's views on……vary from person to person.Some hold that……However, others believe that……（人们对……的观点因人而异，有些人认为……然而其他人却认为……）2：People may have different opinions on……（人们对……可能会持有不同见解）
3：Attitudes towards.......vary from person to person.==Different people hold different attitudes towards......（人们对待.........的态度因人而异）
4:There are different opinions among people as to……（对于……人们的观点大不相同）
三、表示结尾
1：In short, it can be said that……（总之，他的意思是……）
2：From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that……（从上面提到的，我们可以得出结论……）
3：Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally/reasonably come to the conclusion that……（把所有的这些因素加以考虑，我们自然可以得出结论……）
4：Therefore, we'd better come to the conclusion that……（因此，我们最好的出这样的结论……）
四、提出建议
1：It is high time that we put an end to the......（该是我们停止这一........的时候了）
2：There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of……（毫无疑问，对……问题应予以足够重视）
3：Obviously ,if we want to do something … it is essential that……（显然，如果我们想要做么事，很重要的是……）
五、预示后果
1：Obviously，if we don't control the problem, the chances are that……will lead us in danger.（很明显，如果我们不能控制这一问题，很有可能我们会陷入危险）
2：No doubt, unless we take effective measures, it is very likely that ……（毫无疑问，除非我们采取有效措施，否则我们很可能会……）
3：It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation（很紧迫的是应立即采取措施阻止这一事态的发展）
六、表示论证
1：From my point of view, it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.(在我看来，支持第一种观点比第二种更有道理)
2：I cannot entirely agree with the idea that……（我无法完全同意这一观点）
3：As far as I am concerned, ……（就我来说……）
4：I sincerely believe that……（我真诚地相信……）
5：Finally, to speak frankly, there is also a more practical reason why ……（最后，坦率地说，还有另外一个实际的原因……）
七、给出原因
1：The reason why + 句子 ~~~ is that + 句子（...的原因是...）
2:This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First,…….Second,…….Third，……。这一现象存在有很多原因的，第一……第二……第三……
3：For one thing,…… For another thing，…… ==On the one hand,……On the other hand……一方面……另一方面……
八、列出解决办法和批判错误观点做法
1：The best way to solve the troubles is……解决这些麻烦的最好办法是……
2：As far as something is concerned,……就某事而言，……
3;It is obvious that……很显然……
4：It may be true that……but it doesn't mean that……可能……是对的，但这并不意味着……5;It is natural to believe that……but we shouldn't ignore that……认为……是自然的，但我们不应忽视……
6：There is no evidence to suggest that……没有证据表明……
九、表示好处和坏处
1：It has the following advantages.它有如下优势
2：It is beneficial/harmful to us.==It is of great benefit/harm to us.它对我们有益处
3:It has more disadvantages than advantage.他有很多不足之处
十、表示重要、方便、可能
1：It is important(necessary/difficult/convenient/possible)for sb to do sth.对于某人做……是……2：It plays an important role in our life.十一、常用英语谚语
1：Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩
2：All is not gold that glitters.发光的未必都是金子
3：All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马
4：A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半
5：Every advantage has its disadvantage有利必有弊
6：A miss is as good as a mile.失之毫厘，差之千里
7：Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母
8:Industry is the parent of success.勤奋是成功之母
9:It is never too old to learn.活到老，学到老
10:Knowledge is power.知识就是力量
11:Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it.世上无难事，只怕有心人
第二篇：高考英语作文+写作技巧
一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、正文和结尾。这三个部分安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。
文章的开头一般来说应尽量做到开门见山，用简单明白的叙述引出文章的话题，使读者了解文章要谈论什么，一下于引起读者的兴趣。
·遇到不会写的单词怎么办
遇到不会的单词时，可以用同义词或近义词代替；选择不同的词性，变化一下句型；当出现了非要使用的单词不会拼写或拼不准时，不要放弃；尽量采用较简单的词和句子结构和句型来表达相近或与主题相关的内容。·发现跑题如何补救
从感觉跑题起写切合题目的内容，通过一些关联词转接过来，让阅卷者知道你真正想表达的内容。比如用一句“刚才谈了那么多，但是对这个问题真正重要的方面是„„”即可补救。
高考英语作文完美行文四步骤
STEP1：确定文章框架，包括：时态、语态、格式、展开方式、开头结尾等。
STEP2：确定内容要点，包括：主要人物、时间地点、重要细节、合理发挥等。STEP3：正式开始写作，整理思路成篇，行文连贯。
STEP4：检查全文，主要检查语法以及粗心犯下的错误。
图表作文的框架
as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage
table(graph/picture/pie/chart), ___作文题in目的 议the 题_____ has been on rise/ decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadily rising/decreasing from______ in _______ to ______ in _____.From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that ________.There are at least two good reasons accounting for ______.On the one hand, ________.On the other hand, _______ is due to the fact that ________.In addition, ________ is responsible for _______.Maybe there are some other reasons to show ________.But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing.As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _______.I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.实用性写作（申请信)
Your address
Month, Date, year
Receiver's address
Dear...,I am extremely pleased to hear from you./ to see your advertisement for the position in...我非常高兴地听到/看到你的广告位置…
.And I would like to write a letter to tell you that..同时，我还要写了一封信，告诉你..../ I am confident that I am suitable for the kind of the job you are advertising.我深信，我为你的工作适用于各种广告。
.../ I feel I am competent to meet the requirements you have listed.我觉得我有能力满足您所列出的要求
On the one hand,....On the other hand,....I am enclosing my resume for your kind consideration and reference.随函寄我对你的关怀，并参考。
I shall be much obliged if you will offer me a precious opportunity to an interview.I will greatly appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience我将不胜感激，如果你给我定一份珍贵的机会去面试。我会非常感谢你尽快从你的回应
/ I am looking forward to your replies at your earliest convenience.我期待着您的回复在您方便。
Best regards for your health and success 最诚挚的问候你的健康和成功。.Sincerely yours,X X X
现象说明文
Recently _______,what amazes us most is______________,it is ture
that__________.There are many reasons explaining__________________________.The main
reason is____________________.what is
more_________________________.thirdly__________________________.As a result_______________.Considering all there,________________________.For one
thing_____________________,for another________ ____.In Conclusion____________________.议论文的框架
(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.（2）利弊型的议论文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___
______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __作题文目题议目题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition,____缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over__作文题目目前，人们普遍关注_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.这是一个很重要的问题我们每一个。因此，我们必须不遗余力地采取一些措施来解决这个问题。
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.我们知道有哪些可解决此问题的方法。First of all,途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is 途径二_____.另一种有助于解决问题的成功是___途径二_____。
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目
______首先，要解决的问题___,we should find a number of various ways.我们应该找到许多方式。
But as far as I am concerned但就我而言, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way我宁愿以这种方式解决问题, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)说明利弊题型
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）
１．说明事物现状
２．事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）
３．你对现状（或前景）的看法
Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.现在很多人喜欢A，因为它在我们的日常生活中发挥重要作用。Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows一般来说，可以看出其优势如下.First----------------(Ａ的优点之一).Besides-------------------（Ａ的优点之二）.But every coin has two sides当然，任何事物都具有两面性。.The negative aspects are also apparent A的消极方面也很明显。.One of the important disadvantages is that----------------(Ａ的第一个缺点)．To make matters worse,------------------(Ａ的第二个缺点)．
Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.通过以上分析，我认为积极的方面胜过消极因素。Therefore, I would like to---------------(我的看法)．
(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, 从这些之间的一个比较正面和负面影响，我们应予以合理的，而且要根据我们所处的情况下，只有通过这种方式，---------------(对前景的预测)．)
(5)解决方法题型
要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径
１．问题现状
２．怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)
In recent days, we have to face I problem-----A, which is becoming more and more serious.First,------------(说明Ａ的现状)．Second,---------------(举例进一步说明现状)
Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,---------------(解决方法一).For another-------------(解决方法二).Finally,--------------(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that-------------(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m
confident that a bright future is awaiting us because--------------(带来的好处).(6)阐述主题题型
要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述．
１．阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义．
２．分析并举例使其更充实．
The good old proverb----------------（名言或谚语）reminds us that
----------------(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-----------------(理由一).For example,-------------------(举例说明).Secondly,----------------(理由二).Another case is that---------------(举例说明).Furthermore ,------------------(理由三)．
In my opinion,----------------(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say------A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.(7)对比观点题型
（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。
1．有一些人认为。。
2．另一些人认为。。
3．我的看法。。
The topic of（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions about it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of（支持A的理由一）What is more,(理由二).Moreover,(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,-(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),（理由二）.Thirdly(finally),(理由三).From my point of view, I think（我的观点）.The reason is that(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice事实上，还有一些其他理由来解释自己的选择。对我来说，前者无疑是一个明智的选择。
（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点
Some people believe that(观点一）.For example, they think（举例说明）．And it will bring them(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing,(反对的理由之二)．
Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)．
第三篇：高考英语作文写作技巧 作文口诀
作文写作技巧 作文口诀大全
学习作文口诀作文并不难，生活是源泉。
观察勤思考，留心最关键;
多读多积累，素材和语言;
开心就多练，兴趣第一关。
观察百日功，文章一朝成;
常说嘴不笨，常写手必顺。
文章要写好，腿脚要多跑;
文章不怕改，就怕难割爱。
写作莫偷懒，勤写天天练。
技法帮助您，会写美妙篇;
写作不怕根基浅，勤学苦练能过关。
百遍锤炼成妙语，千遍推敲成佳篇。
实话三言和两语，胜过虚话千万言。
千锤百炼出好钢，千修百改出精篇。
话不在多而在精，文不在多而在新。
敲鼓妙在鼓声响，写作妙在心声真。
无情未必真豪杰，有情文章才绣锦。
恒心架起通天路，勤奋打开智慧门。
观察方法口诀观察事物用五觉，观察方法容易学。
眼看耳听心要想，触觉嗅觉和味觉。
观察事件要连贯，生活细节细体验;
观察人物抓特点，神态动作和语言;
典型特征细心看，突出特点要记全。
观察景物要联想，静态动态细端详;
形状颜色和气味，联系生活多想象。
定点观察按空间，时间变化分阶段;
动点观察写游记，地点变化要牢记;
抓住特点和重点，景物特征记心间;
观察动物很容易，外形习性牢牢记。
观察植物方法多，生长过程分四季;
静态动态要联想，联系生活举事例。
观察建筑按远近，空间方位有条理;
外形结构与作用，分类观察均须记。
观察物品很特殊，形状结构和用途;
对照特点多联想，联系生活多想象。
眼中有情笔生趣，拟人观察很容易;
万事万物皆有情，联想想象观具体。
观察不怕根基浅，窍门就是天天练;
恒心架起通天路，勤奋攀登智慧山。
观察积累素材丰，五觉体验妙无穷;
学会观察写文章，妙笔生花笔生风。
叙事作文口诀叙事作文是基础，三段写法要牢记。
叙述方式有三种，顺叙倒叙和插叙。
顺叙记事容易学，起因经过和结果;
开头交代四要素，时间地点和人物;
事件起因点明白，经过具体写出来;
结尾交代事结束，首尾内容要略写。
倒叙方法变化多，结果提前是妙着;
开头回忆多变化，结尾照应好处多。
中间具体叙述事，细节描写要有趣;
过渡照应衔接紧，线索清楚最要紧。
选材要选新鲜事，话语实在感情真;
话不在多而在精，事不在多而在新。
一篇文章一主题，串串事例不离题;
层次分明条理清，详写略写心里明。
状物作文口诀状物文章分多种，动物植物不相同。
物品建筑细分类，一样一样看分明。
介绍植物抓特点，枝叶花果样样全;
一年四季顺序写，生长过程一条线。
形状颜色和滋味，比喻拟人写有趣;
联系生活述感受，描写细节有情趣。
引用诗句来赞美，画龙点睛多趣味。
介绍动物有要点，外形习性是重点。
描写特点抓外形，总分说明条理清;
联系生活写习性，吃睡玩飞和叫鸣，生活细节要具体，写出特性有感情。
介绍物品三要点，外形结构功能全。
文具玩具最常见，生活用品有千万;
描写外形有顺序，描写结构按空间;
描写功能述生活，典型细节写一段;
开头介绍名来历，结尾赞美把晴点。
状物要写建筑物，远近特点仔细看，参观过程交代明，描写特征抓重点;
空间顺序细说明，看听想到都写全。
色彩形状细描绘，比喻联想有趣谈。
状物要写真情感，结尾抒情最常见。
写景作文口诀写景作文最有趣，借景抒情用比喻;
景物不同特点异，抓住特点要牢记。
时间变化纵向思，地点变化横向联。
景中有人景有趣，景中有情文章鲜。
总分写景最常见，描写景物抓特点;
四季变化最常用，春夏秋冬是重点。
定点写景有顺序，时间变化分层点;
静态动态对比写，颜色形状联想变。
动点写景是参观，地点变化交代全;
首尾呼应最重要，结构完整是一篇。
联想写景最好玩，巧妙联想趣无限;
视角变化写景物，空间方位要突出;
体验写景要新颖，独特感受不一般;
分类联想细致写，下笔有趣是重点。
拟人抒情景生情，想象联想并列段;
景物童话有乐趣，细节描述新故事。
写景多用修辞法，语言优美人人夸;
首尾呼应结构新，景中有情情要真。
写人作文口诀写人作文并不难，开头概括写特点。
对照特点找事例，具体描述一两件。
一个特点多事件，巧妙构思出特点。
结尾抒情或总结，呼应开头称佳篇。
叙事写人分三段，重在突出人特点。
描写人物抓外貌，突出一点特征显;
人物语言要逼真，动作描写要周全;
心理活动细腻写，真实感人是妙篇。
总分写人抓特点，首尾照应成一篇。
对比写人方法巧，选择事例很重要。
并列写人容易学，分写事例特点多。
外号写人最有趣，对照外号选事例。
写己要写真情感，喜怒哀乐在心间。
写人多选新鲜事，新人新事最有趣。
张冠李戴会构思，描写人物最实用。
引用诗句赞美人，锦上添花能出神。
第四篇：高考英语作文议论文写作技巧
议论文通常分为论点，论据和论证三部分，通过摆事实，讲道理的方式来表达观点。近几年高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲式来呈现写作材料的。写作时常以三段式的形式展开议论。下面笔者以一高考议论文范文为例，介绍议论文写作中的万能句子。
范文
The summer holiday is coming.Our class have a discussion about what to do during the holiday.Some are in favor of staying at home.They think it’s both convenient and comfortable.What’s more, they can save money for other purposes.But they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons.But they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.In my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for I can do what I like, such as reading books, watching TV, and helping my parents with the housework.1.开头句型
（1）巧引谚语
As the proverb says, … 或 It goes without saying that...或There is an old saying…
此类句型引用谚语，如果恰当引用可为作文整体增色。
（2）揭示主题或引发热议的话题
Recently, the problem of … has aroused people's concern 或There is one more topic to discuss, namely/that is(to say), the question of … 或Nowadays, … has become a problem we have to face.该句型用于引出话题，范文中使用“Our class have a discussion about…”句式，欠缺新意，可用上述句型将 holiday plan 替换…，方便实用。
（3）简述双方观点
Just as every coin has two sides, …have both advantages and disadvantages．
该句型可直接表明人们对于某一问题的不同看法。范文中可用本句型，用staying at home and going out for traveling替换…，表达简明清晰。
（4）详述各方观点 People’s opinions about … vary from person to person.When it comes to … , some people think(hold the opinion)that ….However, others....该句型为议论文常用句型，用于说明关于某种问题的两种不同看法。范文中若应用该句型于开头部分，下文部分可以不用过多赘述，只说明支持某种看法的理由即可，更加简明。
2.论据句型
（1）补充说明类
As it has been mentioned above...或In this respect,…或Not only …, but also ….或Further,…或Similarly, we should pay attention to...此类句型用于补充说明上文观点，范文中在阐述认为假期该待在家里的理由时，将舒适和省钱用What’s more 连接，也可选择用上述句型表示递进关系。
（2）阐明理由类
There are several reasons for…, but in general, they come down to three major ones.或Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.或This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.First, … Second, … Third, …或Why did …? For one thing …,for another…
范文中，支持假期应该待在家里有两个理由，一是便捷舒适，二是省钱。除了像范文中用what’s more 连接，可以采用上述句式如Why did …? For one thing …,for another…，逻辑性更强，可以让阅卷老师一目了然。
（3）支持某观点类
There's no denying the fact that...或I cannot entirely agree with the idea that ….范文中作者在表达自己支持某种观点时用到it would be much better to…，句式表达上过于简单苍白，可以选择使用上述句型，表达上更加贴切。
（4）反对某观点类
As a matter of fact,…或In spite of the fact that...或However ,…或On the contrary,…
范文中作者在表达反对某种观点时用了两次 but，用词重复，欠缺文采。可以选择用上述短语替换。
（5）举例说明类
A case in point is...该句型用于举例说明，多数学生会使用 for example 或者 for instance，使用该句型会让你异于他人。
3.结尾句型
（1）表明自己观点类
As far as I am concerned（in my opinion）, I agree with…或As a result（In short或All things considered或 In a word或In conclusion或 Generally speaking或To be frank）, I…或I will conclude by saying...或From my point of view, it would be better if...范文中，作者在表明自己观点时用到In my opinion, it would be much better to …，可以选择用上述句型替换，选用高级词组会凸显你的写作水平。
（2）总结上文类
From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that…或The data/statistics/figures lead us to the conclusion that…或Taking all these factors into consideration, we naturally come to the conclusion that…
范文中结尾没有对上文进行总结，有时议论文写作会有要求。套用上述句型简单高效。
（3）提出建议类
Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.或There are several measures for us to adopt.First, we can …或 Confronted with…, we should take a series of effective measures to …或It is time to take the advice of…and to put special emphasis on the improvement of…或Only in this way can we…或Obviously, if we don't control the problem, the chances are that …will lead us in danger.议论文写作结尾有时会要求就某一现象或问题提出合理的建议，因此建议类句型必不可少。运用上述句型，如Only in this way can we…，这种高级语法倒装结构的正确使用，会让阅卷老师眼前一亮。
第五篇：高考英语写作技巧
在考试考议论文的最多，几乎全部都是的！议论文恰巧又是相对比较难的，所以我就着重介绍一下议论文的写法给你吧
一个清晰地思路和好的结构很重要的，一定要记得开篇点题，阐述自己的观点和看法、然后另起一段阐述理由支持自己的观点，最好吧理由分开，用first，second.....之类的词依次铺叙开来
第三段再次点题，思路基本上和写中文议论文的格式一样。
ps：这些建立在语法正确，词汇拼写正确的基础上，一定要在作文中出现一些经典词组.句式好额亮点词汇。（适用于所有类型的作文题目）
如果遇到应用文，比如书信或者介绍信之类的，一定要注意格式和用词的恰当！
一、真实性的起源世纪70 年代, 随着交际教学法的出现,widdowson(1978)提出了语言教学的真实性问题。80-90 年代, 随着语言交际测试法的出现,morrow(1991)bachman(1990)等人提出了语言测试的真实性问题[1]。
二、真实性测试
要测量学生语言运用能力, 测试就必须遵循真实性原则。所谓真实指测试应尽可能复制出显示生活中语言使用的种种特征, 考试的语言行为要复线真实生活中而不是考试的语言行为。这就要求输入的真实性(测试文本、测试任务)、输出的真实性和情景的真实性[2]。
三、写作的性质
写作测试作为一种行为测试(performance test), 测量的是学生实际运用语言的能力, 给教学带来的是非常积极的正面反拨作用。写作测试是一门综合性测试, 它不仅能考查考生的输出性技能(productive skill), 同时也能考查考生的接受性技能(receptive skill)[3]。它能同时测试语言的各个层次和范畴。它不仅可以测试考生的词汇、用法、语法等语言要素, 而且可以测验学生的组织能力、分析能力、表达能力、逻辑推理、对各种语体的掌握等。
四、写作的形式
写作形式包括话题作文、材料性作文、开放性作文、命题作文。话题作文指的是用一段提示语, 指明写作范围, 启发思考, 激活想象的一种命题形式。这是一种既开放, 又有所限制的命题形式。强调要围绕话题, 从不同角度进行联想和想象话题作文一般的写作要求, 不限文体。
材料作文, 一般是指出题者只给出一些文字或图画材料, 要求应试者根据所给文字或图画的内容自己命题进行写作。命题作文, 一般是指出题者给出一个既定的题目, 要求应试者根据这个给定题目进行写作。开放性作文是指思维和内容都更具有开放性。不限制学生们的思考[3]。
五、写作的命题原则
从表面上看, 出一道写作题可能比起其他题型容易, 但是实际上并非如此。一个好的写作题, 应该能够为所有考生提供一个展现写作能力的机会, 为使用考试结果的人提供一个考察考生写作能力的有效途径, 还要能给阅卷人员提供明确合理的评分标准[4]。在讨论写作测试时, hughes(1989: 75)强调了三个方面的问题。我们可以把它作为写作直接测试的三个基本原则。———setting writing tasks that are properly representative of thepopulation of tasks that students should be able to perform;———eliciting samples of writings that can truly represent students’writing ability.———ensuring that samples can be and will be scored reliably[6].六、高考英语写作真实性分析
(一)任务的真实性
1.设计有代表性的任务
所谓有代表性的任务, 指的就是在考生应该能够完成的所有任务中具有代表性的任务[5]。如果考生应该会写说明文, 那么写一篇如何通过outlook 发送电子邮件的文章就可以被认为是有代表性的任务。对试题开发者来说, 设计有代表性的任务要从两个方面入手。第一, 我们要求考生完成的任务不能超出考生现有能力范围, 并能概括平时写作活动的特点。第二, 我们在试题说明中对任务的描述必须完整。这要求我们必须把写作任务的四个方面都交代清楚。有很多作文题目只提供一个话题, 对功能、题材和对象都未作交代, 这样的题目是不合格的。
2.写作的任务要真实
写作的任务形式即写作题目。写作的题目的设计要求必须具备真实性。写作的真实性在于写作目的的真实和读者的真实即题目设计中读者必须真实, 任务必须具体, 目标必须合适[6]。写作任务的真实性可以通过读者意识、话题等方面实施。首先读者要明确, 考生有必要清楚其作品的可能读者对象, 以便根据读者选择适当的语言。其次是话题要真实, 写作话题必须与考生的生活实际相联系, 不可设计脱离考试实际。
07 年广东卷的任务写作要求学生阅读完父亲的信之后, 以ari 的身份给父亲写一封信: 首先以约30 个词概括父亲在他信中对你的期望;并以约120 个词表达你对父亲的感恩[7]。角色真实, 情景真实, 目的明确, 同样体现了真实性原则, 而且以信的方式表达对父亲的感恩不仅具有任务的真实性, 而且还蕴藏深刻的情感价值观。07 年上海春季卷写作要求学生阅读两份英语笔友信息材料然后写一份寻友书信,目的、情景和角色得当, 符合真实性写作要求。湖北、宁夏、北京等地的写作在写作的目的、角色以及情景方面也都体现的写作的真实性[8]。
(二)情景真实性(situational authenticity)。所谓情景真实性, 就是指测试方法特征与将来某一特定目的语使用的情景特征相关的程度[9]。即我们在命制考题时, 考试任务的特征必须与将来目的语的使用的情景特征相一致, 做到了这一点, 考试任务才具有了情景真实性。情景的真实性与任务的真实性是连在一起的, 只有情景真实任务才可能真实。情景的设置可以采用文字描述的形式, 可以采用图片(如北京的情景作文和开放性作文)。
情景的真实性要求能够明确英语写作的必要性, 如07 年福建卷和海南卷要求考生给英文报纸写信, 07 年江西卷要求考生写参加英语演讲比赛的发言稿, 07 年全国卷要求考生写信寻英语笔友, 都利用情景的设计明示了英语写作的必要性。
但是, 有的却没有显示英语写作的必要性, 如07 年广东卷的基础写作只是要求考生以“谁是你的偶像”为题, 根据在2600 名学生中进行了一次调查数据写一篇短文。虽然学生不会用汉语写作(因为这是英语测试), 但是为什么要用英语写作, 为谁而写作, 考试没有交待[10]。与广东卷的基础写作一样, 上海卷也只是要求学生根据提示以“礼物”为主题写一篇作文, 读者对象不明确, 写作目的不明确, 考生不知道为谁而写, 为什么目的而写。自然就没有什么情景的真实性[11]。
(三)写作的材料要真实
写作材料的选择应注意材料的真实性。所谓真实性即学生生活中或未来工作中可能碰到的写作材料, 因此, 材料的选择应该不以造成学生理解困难为标准。抽象的图片难以理解, 不适合作为写作的材料,晦涩难懂的文字难以理解, 也不适合作为写作的材料;过于专业的材料亦不适合于写作, 因为, 要理解这些材料需要学生相关的专业知识,这也不是写作所考查的重点。
XX 年各省高考写作试题中只有北京, 江苏, 山东, 和陕西采用了材料作文的形式。其中北京的试题稍难, 出了一幅山水画, 小鸟离巢, 父母守望。但是作文的题目设计不应该考学生的读图能力, 看图作文本身就有不公平性, 写作考查的是学生的写作水平不是读图能力。这不符合写作要考查的目标。现实生活中的看图写作也是不常见的[12]。
分析XX 年全国各省市的英语高考题, 其中话题作文占的比重最大, 共12 个。选用话题作文的省市是上海、安徽、福建、海南、湖北、湖南、辽宁、宁夏, 全国卷i, 全国卷ii, 浙江、重庆。命题作文是4 个。选用命题作文的省份是广东、江西、上海、天津。材料作文4 个, 分别是北京、江苏、山东、陕西。开放性作文1 个, 北京。
七、结束语
我国传统的标准化考试之所以不能测试学生的真实水平的原因就在于为了测试而测试, 没有注意到考试中真实性的问题。真实性主张运用自己所学的知识和掌握的技能解决生活中或与现实情景相似的任务。关于考试的真实性问题还需要相关人员进行更进一步的研究。笔者认为对于教材没有涉及到的话题知识, 虽然有少数学生了解, 在高考英语写作任务中尽量不涉及, 否则就会造成测试的失真, 更为严重的是可能导致英语写作能力培养在话题选择方面的泛化和混乱。
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