美国文学欣赏试卷[五篇材料]

第一篇：美国文学欣赏试卷

鲁东大学2011 — 2012学年第一学期

学院______________专业___________ 学号______________ 姓名__________ 课程名称：美国文学欣赏 课程号：4190034-900 考试形式：考试 时间：90分钟

总分_____________评卷人___________

1.How do you understand the following comment on Hemingway and Fitzgerald: “Hemingway is noted for his style while Fitzgerald for his understanding of American culture at its roots of his age.”（40 points）

2.Please illustrate the term “American dream” with one of the works we’ve dealt with in no less than 150 words.（30 points）

3.Paraphrase: the Lincoln of American literature(30 points)

------------------以上为试题部分-

注意：必须用A4纸，竖向答题，并严格按照要求书写卷头，否则考试成绩无效。如分多页请在上方装订。

第1题评分标准：

1.本题重在考察学生对海明威和菲茨杰拉德写作风格的了解和掌握。

2.能够比较准确把握两位作家的特点。（10分）

3.能够理解评价的本质。（10分）

4.能够结合相应的作品分析评价所表述的内容。（15分）

5.语法正确。（5分）

第2题评分标准：

1.本题重在考察学生对“美国梦”的演变的了解和掌握。

2.阐述条理清晰，作品引用得当。（20分）

3.人物名称正确，表达无误。（5分）

4.语法正确。（5分）

第3题评分标准：

1． 本题主要考察学生对美国文学史上重要人物的了解和掌握。

2． 叙述一定要条理清楚，重点突出。（10分）

3． 能够准确表述题目要求的内容。（10分）

4． 语言准确。（10分）

第二篇：美国文学名词解释

1.AmericanTranscendentalism:①transcendentalism has been defined philosophically as “ the recognition in man of the capability of knowing truth intuitively, or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses.②transcendentalists stress the importance of the Over-soul, the Individual and Nature.Other concepts that accompanied transcendentalism include the idea that nature is enabling and the idea that the individual is divine and, therefore, self-reliant.New England transcendentalism is the product of a combination of Native American Puritanism and European romanticism.③some prominent representatives include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau.2.Free verse

free verse means the rhymed or unrhymed poetry composed without paying attention to conversational rules of meter.Free verse was originated by a group of French poets of the late 19th century.Their purpose was to free themselves from the restrictions of formal metrical patterns and to recreate instead the free rhymes of nature period.Walt Whitman„s leaves of grass is perhaps the most notable example.3.American Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the puritans.The Puritans were originally members of a division of the protestant church who wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices.They accepted the doctrines of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.American literature in the 17th century mostly consisted of Puritan literature.Puritanism had an enduring influence on American literature.It had become, to some extent, so much a state of mind, so much a part of national cultural atmosphere, rather than a set of tenets.it comes from the American puritans, who were the first immigrants moved to American continent in the 17th century.Original sin, predestination（预言）and salvation（拯救）were the basic ideas of American Puritanism.And, hard-working, piousness（虔诚,尽职），thrift and sobriety（清醒）were praised.4.American Dream: American dream means the belief that everyone can succeed as long as he/she works hard enough.It usually implies a successful and satisfying life.It usually framed in terms of American capitalism（资本主义）, its associated purported meritocracy,（知识界精华）and the freedoms guaranteed by the U.S.Bill of Rights.5.Imagism: the 1920s saw a vigorous literary activity in America.In poetry there appeared a strong reaction against Victorian poetry.Imagists placed primary reliance on the use of precise, sharp images as a means of poetic expression and stressed precision in the choice of words, freedom in the choice of subject matter and form, and

the use of colloquial language.Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse, using such devices as assonance and alliteration rather than formal metrical schemes to give structure to their poetry..The movement which had these as its aims is known in literary history as Imagism.Its prime mover was Ezra Pound.6.American romanticism

①it is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature that stretches from the 18th century to the outbreak of the civil war.It started with the publication of Washington Irving‟s The Sketch Book and ended with Walt Whitman‟s Leaves of Grass.②being a period of the great flowering of American literature, it is also called “the American Renaissance ”.③American romantic works emphasize the imaginative and emotional qualities of nature literature.The strong tendency to eulogize the individual and common man was typical of this period.Most importantly, the writings of American Romanticism are typically American.Works concentrate on unique

characteristics of the American land.④New England Transcendentalism is the summit of American Romanticism.⑤Romanticists include such literary figures as Washington Irving, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and some others.

第三篇：美国文学名词解释

1.Naturalism:American naturalism was a new and harsher realism.America’s literary naturalists dismissed the validity of comforting moral truths.They attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness, presenting characters of low social and economic classes who were determined by their environment and heredity.Puritanism:Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace form God.3.Realism: Realism emphasizes on a faithful rendering of the ordinary, a slice of life as it is really lived.It expresses the concern for commonplace and the low, and it offers an objective rather than an idealistic view of human nature and human experience.4.Romanticism: romantics frequently shared certain general characteristics: moral enthusiasm, faith in value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a presumption that the natural world was a source of goodness and man’s societies a source of corruption.Transcendentalism:They spoke for cultural rejuvenation and stressed the importance of the individual.They offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God.Nature was, to them, alive, filled with God’s overwhelming presence.6.Imagism意象主义: It’s a poetic movement of England and the U.S.flourished from 1909 to 1917.The movement insists on the creation of images in poetry by “the direct treatment of the thing” and the economy of wording.7.Local Colorism: fiction or poetry that focuses on specific features – including characters, dialects, customs, history, and landscape – of a particular region.8.Lost Generation: It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of “expatriates” or exiles.It describes the writers like Hemingway who lived in semi poverty.It describes the Americans who returned to their native land with an intense awareness of living in an unfamiliar changing world.9.Beat Generation: It was a group of American post-World War IIwho came to prominence in the 1950s.They rejected conventional social and moral values;expressed their alienation in their works from conventional “square” society by adopting a life style which featured sex, drugs, jazz and the freedom of the open road.10.Symbolism: Symbolism is the writing technique of using symbols.It enables poets to compress a very complex idea or set of ideas into one image or even one word.It’s one of the most powerful devices that poets employ in creation.11.Modernism：is loosely a synonym of anything contemporary.Strictly, Modernism began in the late 19th century and regarded the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.They pay more attention to the psychic time than the chronological one.12.A Jazz age(爵士时代):The Jazz Age describes the period of the 1920s and 1930s.With the rise of the great depression, the values of this age saw much decline.Highlighting what some describe as the decadence and hedonism, as well as the growth of individualism.

第四篇：美国文学讲义

1896年———1900年间断断续续在练习本上写下了自传体长篇小说《让·桑得伊》的草稿。1903～1905年普鲁斯特父母先后去世，他闭门写作，除写了阐述美学观点的论文《驳圣·勃夫》，并开始了文学巨著《追忆似水年华》的创作。1912年，他将小说前三部交给出版商，受到冷遇，1913年他自费出版了第1部《斯万之家》，反应冷淡。1919年，小说第2部《在花枝招展的少女们身旁》由卡里玛出版社出版，并获龚古尔文学奖，作者因而成名。普鲁斯特作为意识流小说流派的开山鼻祖而在世界文学史上留名。

故事情节： 叙述者回忆起童年时在贡布雷的生活。有一年夏天晚上，邻居斯万先生，来看望叙述者的父母，叙述者心里非常难受。有一年冬天，他把玛德莱娜小蛋糕浸泡在茶水中吃，这味道使他想起他童年时。在贡布雷家，有两条步行小道，一条通往斯万家，称为斯万家之路，另一条通往盖尔芒特府邸，称为盖尔芒特家之路。斯万先生在剧院里逐渐爱上高级妓女奥特·德·克雷西。维尔迪兰夫人觉得斯万令人厌烦，便不再邀请他。

又进入回忆状态。他在贡布雷见万见希尔特·斯万。旧日同学布洛克带他去嫖妓。妈妈桑向他介绍一位名叫拉谢尔的妓女。两年后，外婆带着他去海滨城市男主人巴尔贝克，外婆向他介绍了维尔巴里西斯侯爵夫人，和罗尔·德·圣卢。成为好朋友。马塞尔经由画家艾尔斯蒂尔认识了阿尔贝蒂娜·西蒙纳，马塞尔渐渐爱上了她。

回到巴黎后，父母亲盖了新房子。这时发生了全法国沸腾的“德雷福斯事件”。男主人翁想去探望。由于圣卢的牵线，马塞尔受到优厚的款待。一日外婆的尿毒症突然发作去世。马塞尔的母亲知道他暗恋盖尔芒特公爵夫人。男主人翁参加维尔巴里西斯夫人的晚会，见到盖尔芒特公爵夫人，还结识了夏尔吕斯男爵。

马塞尔第二次来到巴尔贝克海滨，偶然遇到阿尔贝蒂娜，又恢复了亲密交往，最后马塞尔还是决定娶她为妻。

马塞尔与阿尔贝蒂娜在巴黎同居，阿尔贝蒂娜跟安德莱的女子很要好，马塞尔怀疑她们有同性恋关系，后来此事得到证实。于是他想离开她，却无法痛下决心。阿尔贝蒂娜离家出走，给他留下一封信，说他们不能再这样生活下去，还是趁早分手。

阿尔贝蒂娜骑马摔在树上撞死了。这使他想去寻找别的女人。马塞尔到威尼斯旅行，仍然时常想起阿尔贝蒂娜，他收到吉尔贝特的信，说她已跟圣—卢结婚，后来圣—卢竟爱上了男提琴手莫莱尔。

第一次世界大战爆发，圣—卢战死，男主人翁一直待在疗养院。见到亲德份子夏吕斯，是一名同性恋，男伴男爵是性虐待狂，经常鞭打他。大战结束后，男主人翁来到盖尔兰特王府门前，又回想起威尼斯，交际场中更是景物已非，有人沦为乞丐，有人早己死去。他决定用文字将这些回忆记录起来，找回了失去的时间。

第五篇：美国文学考试

美国文学考试题型

1、填空题（这部分的重点老师带我们画过，由于比较散，不方便整理，请同寝室或隔壁寝室相互告知）-----大家记得人名，作品名称等一定不要写错了

2、名词解释（共两题，每题5分）

这一题大体有三种类型：文本、作者、理论

大题要求（大家按点答题）

文本类：①写明作者②该文本体现的理论特征③该文本的主要内容（2分）④该文本使用的主要文学技巧

理论类：①该理论出现的时间②该理论的主张（2分）③写作风格④相关作家以及他的作品 作者类：①写明哪个时期的作者②该作者的文学主张③写作风格④主要作品以及作品的主题

下面是本学期我们学过的作家、理论以及作品（结合笔记以及结合相关资料整理的，不是老师说的标准答案哦，大家参考即可）

理论---本学期三大主要理论

①Puritanism

Puritanism , appeared in the early part of the 17th century, is the practices and beliefs of Puritans.The American puritanism, like their English brothers , are idealists.They accept the doctrine and practice of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God.But due to te grim struggle for living in the new continent, they become more and more practical.It is so much part of the national atmosphere rather than a set of tenets

Its influence on literature

American literature had the characteristics of simplicity, plainness of rhetoric and indication to the Holy Bile

代表作家Anne Bradstreet, Edward Taylor, Nathaniel Hawthorne(课本所选的代表作品)②transcendentalism

American transcendentalism is more than an attitude of Transcendentalist.To “transcend” something is to rise above it, to pass beyond its limits.The transcendentalists speak for cultural rejuvenation and against the materialism of American society.The major features of the American Transcendentalism are:

A.They place emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the Universe

B.They stress the importance of individuals

C.They offer a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of Spirit or God

该理论出现的大致时间1836-the civil war

代表作家--Ralph Waldo Emerson

代表作品the American Scholar

③naturalism

American naturalism accepted the more negative interpretation of Darwin’s evolution theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits were conditioned by social and economic forces.It emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will.That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.It was no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.Time: the mid-19th century---the first half of the 20th century

Naturalism in literature:the product of despair.It had no attempt to make moral judgment.It offered detailed and fully researched investigations into unexplored corners of modern society.代表任人物及作品

Stephen Cranethe Open Boat

作者（三个比较重要的）

① Nathaniel Hawthorne

浪漫主义时期（特别记住）作家

He is a master of symbolism

He has an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s being

His understanding of “evil being at the core of human life” is deeply reflected in his works Young Goodman Brown是他的代表作，该作品体现的主题

PURITANISM

A.man’s depravity

B.The original sin: a journey from innocence to evil

C.Predestination

D.A struggle between to forces

②Ralph Waldo Emerson

浪漫主义时期作家

He is a leading person of New England Transcendentalism which he regarded as an intuitive cognizance of moral and other truths that transcend the limits of human sense experience 代表作：The American Scholar

主题：Transcendentalism

大致内容：we American should stop imitating other counties in literature and we ought to create a way of our own.③Stephen Crane

19世纪后半期---20世纪初，自然主义时期作家。

His works were characteristic of pessimism and determinism which he emphasized that the world was amoral, the men and women had no free will.That lives were controlled by heredity and environment, that the destiny of human was misery in life and oblivion in death.代表作the Open Boat

体现的主题（十分重要，一定要记住）

A.Man’s helplessness in the face of overwhelming and inscrutable forces

B.Man’s unimportance in an indifferent universe

作品（作品的大致内容，便于大家熟悉文本，答题时还需要大家自己按照上面写的答题要求总结哈）

①Young goodman brown

The story takes place in 17th century Puritan New England, a common setting for Hawthorne's works, and addresses the Calvinist/Puritan belief that all of humanity exists in a state of depravity,except those who are born in a state of grace.Hawthorne frequently attempts to expose the hypocrisy of Puritan culture in his literature.In a symbolic fashion, the story follows Young Goodman Brown's journey into self-scrutiny, which results in his loss of virtue and faith.“Young Goodman Brown” is often characterized as an allegory about the recognition of evil and depravity as the nature of humanity.In order to convey the setting, he used literary techniques such as specific diction, or colloquial expressions.② the American Scholar

The American Scholar was a speech given by Ralph Waldo Emerson.Emerson uses Transcendentalist and Romantic views to get his points across by explaining a true American scholar's relationship to nature.There are a few key points he makes that flesh out this vision:

We are all fragments, “as the hand is divided into fingers”, of a greater creature, which is mankind itself, “a doctrine ever new and sublime.” An individual may live in either of two states.In one, the busy, “divided” or “degenerate” state, he does not “possess himself” but identifies with his occupation or a monotonous action;in the other, “right” state, he is elevated to “Man”, at one with all mankind.To achieve this higher state of mind, the modern American scholar must reject old ideas and think for him or herself, to become “Man Thinking” rather than “a mere thinker, or still worse, the parrot of other man's thinking”, “the victim of society”, “the sluggard intellect of this continent”.“The American Scholar” has an obligation, as “Man Thinking”, within this “One Man” concept, to see the world clearly, not severely influenced by traditional/historical views, and to broaden his understanding of the world from fresh eyes, to “defer never to the popular cry.”

The scholar's education consists of three influences: I.Nature as the most important influence on the mind II.The Past manifest in books III.Action and its relation to experience The last, unnumbered part of the text is devoted to Emerson's view on the “Duties” of the American Scholar who has become the “Man Thinking.”

③ the Open Boat

It was a dramatic short story based on Crane's experience of surviving a shipwreck off the coast of Florida earlier that year while traveling to Cuba to work as a newspaper correspondent.Crane was stranded at sea for thirty hours when his ship sank after hitting a sandbar.He and three other men were forced to navigate their way to shore in a small boat;one of the men, an oiler named Billie Higgins, drowned after the boat overturned.小说中的四大人物

the correspondent------a condescending observer detached from the rest of the group

the captain------who is injured and morose at having lost his ship, yet capable of leadershipthe cook-----fat and comical, but optimistic that they will be rescued

the oiler-----Billie, who is physically the strongest, and the only one in the story referred to by name

体现的主题

A.The relationship between Man and Nature

①Man’s helplessness in the face of overwhelming and inscrutable forces

②Man’s unimportance in an indifferent universe

B.The relationship among Men---isolation

①isolation among men in different situations

②isolation among men in the same boat

③man’s different reactions against others’ miseries when he was in different conditions3、问答题(每题20分，共两题)

课本后面的问题（除了pg3 第一题、pg17第一题、pg30一二两题、pg64第一二五六题不需要看，其余都要思考思考）

老师给了pg64 第三四两题的答案，如下：

第三题：.the four men were in the same boat;they built a firm comradeship for the sake of safety;there lay feelings of warms in the boat ,but they are reluctant to express;there was isolation among modern men even in danger;the captain seemed to know his responsibility to guide the boat out of the disaster, but when he was really in need, he was asleep;when a shock appeared, the other three were asleep;the correspondent hesitated at awakening them, he had to face the danger by himself;at the time,when men was in plight, friendship was no meaning, isolation existed among men even they were in danger.第四题：the soldiers died in indifferent and apathetic circumstances;the correspondent had not express his care about the misery of the soldier,not to say the sympathy until he was personally in harsh condition.only in the common plight did the correspondent express his sympathy for the soldier.only the common miseries could arouse man's sympathy for others.the correspondent's remembrance of the verse displaced the isolation among human beings and man's apathy to others miseries, as well as man'shelplessness in plight and insignificance in harsh reality4、大题----文本分析（30分，一题）

所选材料是老师上课带我们细读过的Unit2三首诗歌以及young goodman brown

Unit3重点考查有哪些价值观（ps.这一章我没有上，所以不是很清楚）

Unit4the American scholarpara1--para20

Unit5细读pg52 part III 第一段，pg56---pg57，pg59 part VI 上面的段落, pg60 para1---5段的内容，尤其是中间的verse