全国医学博士统一考试2003年

第一篇：全国医学博士统一考试2003年

kilorams he had ____ lately.A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面B.piled up 堆积, part II

积累, 搁浅, 撞毁C.put on31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are

D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 trying to communicate with someone in English.39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting inA.frustrated 失败的, 落空的B.depressed 沮丧

her students’s test papers.的, 降低的C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦

A.irregular意乱的B.illiterate

32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal

C.illegible 难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal.违法的, opportunity for all.不合规定的A.promised

D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 B.committed commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于

2003年医学博士英语考试真题

C.attributedattribute sth.to认为某事物是...的属

性;把某事物归功于;认为某事物是(某人)创造的D.converted

33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.A.in honor ofB.in search ofC.in place ofD.in favor of

34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the

world’s first effective vaccine against polio.A.accomplishmenta girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.A.tailoredB.administratedC.entailedvt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail...on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人D.accustomedbe accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于;养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者

B.under consideration在考虑之中

C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手

边;现有

D.at stake危如累卵, 危险

37.As we need plain,____food for the body, so we

must have serious reading for the mind.A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.dietC.tastefulD.edibleedible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。B.donating

C.relatingD.resorting resort vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地

resort to the seaside常去海滨resort to all kinds of methods采取一切办法 I'm sorry you have resorted to deception.我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an

使人惊动的, 令人担忧的 A.appalling 令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的B.appealing 吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的 C.alert提防的, 警惕的D.abnormal 42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world A.purifiedB.multiplied 繁殖, 增加;乘multiply 8 by 4以4乘8Efficiency would be-lied several times.效率将提高好几倍。C.taintedD.blended blend milk with water用水搀杂牛奶 43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is A.libertyB.democracyC.varietyD.origin the United States for more than twenty years.controversy.n.论争, 辩论, 论战the scientific controversy科学上的论争 be in a controversy with sb.on sth.和某人就某事进行论战 give rise to muchcontroversy引起许多争论 A.resentment n.怨恨, 愤恨B.consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论C.notion n.概念, 观念, 想法, 意见, 打算, 主张,(复数)<美语>小饰物 have a good notion of很懂得have a notion that...认为have no notion of不明白;完全不懂;

没有...的意思[想法]

D.disputewithout dispute无争论余地;的确, 无疑out of dispute无争论余地;的确, 无疑in dispute在争论中;尚未解决

45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are and becoming smaller every year.retreat vi.撤退, 退却n.撤退, 退却glacial retreat【地质】冰川后退

A.retrieving v.重新得到n.找回retrieve...from拯救...(免于),(从...)救出B.sprawling无计划地占用山林农田建造厂房(的)fourteen found , in his grandfather’s house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes.The clean, crisp banknotes looked but they were now not used in their straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with had reduced the value of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out, he took ＄already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, C.consuming 强烈的D.withdrawing

46.The war’s impact on the population of the country A.influentialB.disastrousC.apparent

D.criticala critical decision重大的决定critical condition(病的)危险状态;临界状态critical moment 47.His physican told him that not to take much of the

potent remedy有效的药

A.bitter bitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的B.irritant irritantn.刺激物adj.刺激的C.effective 有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量D.powerful powerful drug特效药

48.Certain drugs can side effects ,such as sleepiness.A.permanent

B.residual.剩余的, 残留的C.irreversibleirreversible cycle不可逆循环irreversible deformation【力】不可回复的变形D.fleeting飞逝的；短暂的49.Nervous illness may being treated inconsiderately in childhood.A.complainof 抱怨, 抗议B.give rise to引起, 使发生

C.originate in originate fromsth.由某事产生[引起]originate insth.由某事产生[引起] D.dominate over支配, 占优势

50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help A.formB.correctC.modifyD.improve

PartIII Cloze(10%)

There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently.They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy(they thought he was twenty-one).The The bank lost ＄20,000 on the that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does he isnot legally liable for his debts.If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000.Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old.It certainly is better than the morning newspaper.In another recent case, a boy of

restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends(at least he was generous!)before the police caught up with him.Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave骗取 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.51.A.pay off v.还清(债务等)付清, 报复, 赢利 B.pay upv全部付清C.pay for偿还, 赔偿 D.payout.付出, 报复

52.A.principle 法则, 原则, 原理 B.criterionC.customD.deal

53.A.to beB.having beenC.beingD.is54.A.profitB.advantage C.benefitD.commission 55.A.sendingB.transmitting发射，传输C.delivering D.dispatching(迅速地)派遣;派出;(火速)发送(信件, 公文等)

56.A.convincingB.valuableC.unusual D.priceless无价的, 极贵重的57.A.cameB.pullC.headed head to向...(方向)前进 D.pushed

58.A.problemB.questionC.talkD.saying

59.A.InterestinglyB.UnfortunatelyC.Particularly D.Amazingly

60.A.kissed goodbye to失掉;遭受损失B.got rid ofC.lived up to.实践, 做到D.made for Part IV(30%)Passage 1

In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing.繁茂的, 繁荣的, 欣欣向荣的, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured.As a society we ignorantly take advantage of 令人愉快之事物by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably无止境的without them.Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively全部地 on scientific discoveries and advances.Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio小儿麻痹症, , measles麻疹,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to 成为…的威胁our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment to an individual affected with the disease.In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring.使人畏惧的, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer.Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations新发现,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards明显的忽视.For instance,the light bulb电灯泡,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples主要产品 of our society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing变形, 变质, 使变成,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of认识到 this or not.61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____

A.would not survive without science

B.take the amenities of science for granted

C.could have raised the standards of living with science

D.would be free of disease because of scientific advances

62.The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate ____

A.how science has been developedB.what science means to society C.what the nature of science isD.how disease affects society

63.Nothing , according to the author ,can match the invetion of the cumputer in term of ____

in term of从...方面;从...角度来讲;以...为单位;关于, 在...方面, 就...来说

A.powerB.noveltyC.benefitsD.complexity 64.The author seems to be unhappy about ____

A.people’s ingnorance of their culture

B.people’s ingnoring the amenities of science C.people’s making no contributions to society

D.people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.65.The author’s tone in the passage is____A.critiealB.cognizantC.appreciative

D.paradoxical 荒谬的a paradoxical speech自相矛盾的演说 passage 2

Biotechnology生物工艺学is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therpy ,in solving food problems, , in

environmentally compatible be compatible with与...相适应，不矛盾industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects环境保护计划.Genetically altered microorganisms cana wide range of pollutions by being used , for example, in bio-filters生物过滤器, 细菌过滤器and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites.Genetically altered modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers, and medications.Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the

...一致, 与...契合(指见解, 观点等)ecological criteria.Political leader and scientist alike face the challenge of recognizing承认 interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies.To meet this challenge, decision-makers决策者 require interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut across超出...的界线political lines.Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are often ideologically 意识形态的charged.In light of按照，根据，考虑到… the complex issue involved in sustainable development ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policy.Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action.A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be divised and implemented.66.Biotechology ____

A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agriculture

B.can rid humans of disease and solve food problems

C.can treat pollution and protect environment D.all of the above

67.Wastewater can be treated ____A.in genetic engineering B.by means of biotechology

C.in agriculture as well as industrial

D.without the need for breaking down pollutants

68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they ____

A.involve ecomic issues B.observe ecological criteria

C.are politically significant D.overcome political barriers

69.It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development ____

A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards

B.renders enviromental discussion possible C.charges new technology risks D.requires simplification

70.The success of sustainable development lies in____

A.its concept to beB.good social teamwork

C.appropriate environmental policies

D.the representatives of all sectors of society passage 3

people from around the world flock to the United States expecting to find a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S culture and society renders给予补偿 immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.The latest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans.This pattern held有效 regardless of education of income levels.Vega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrant families.A panel convened 召集, 集合by the national research council理事会 and the institute学会 of medicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S.lifestyle may undermine the overall全部的, 全面的health of immigrant children much more than being poor does.In contrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S.residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School in Boston.“Vega’s study is consistent with 和…一致the panel’s conclusion that immigrants’ health deteriorate with assimilation to U.S.society, declining 使…下降toward general US.norms,” says Kleinman.Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.Vega’s team interviewed采访3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif.Of that number,1810 people identified themselves as immigrants.Interviews were in English or Spanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in

health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residency concerns---about having immigranted.Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter of immigrants.Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included major depression成年抑郁症,phobias恐怖症 and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse and dependece.Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.71.Vega’s group was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in____

A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrants

B.the immigrants who received fewer years of education

C.the financially disadvantaged immigrants贫穷的移民

D.US-born Mexican-American

72.The scientists found that the immigrants’ declining physical and mental health is linked to ____

A.being reluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyle B.blending with US culture and society C.working hard for a better life D.being poor

73.Vega and Kleinman____

A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth在…上有分歧

B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discrimination C.puzzle over the phenomenon

D.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon 74.Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____A.for their US residency concerns B.for their identifications C.for theis health issues D.all of above

75.Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?

A.The US-born Mexican-Americans B.The immigrants of 13 or more years C.The immigrants of financial success D.The immigrants of less than13 Passage 4

Rain is not what it used to be.A new study reveals that much of the precipitation(雨、雪等的)降落;降水[雨](量)in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water.“Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with混有 toxic levels of atrazine除草剂, regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and

Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicals appear to 似乎have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter.But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that.In a study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,one sample of rainwater contained almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4-dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that in rain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms.In the latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields.Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge再装填 underground water may be adding to be danger.This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.76.According to the Swedish scientist ,the pestcides in rain ____

A.exceed those in crop sprays

B.can be traced back to crop sprays C.are not as toxic as they used to be D.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor 77.Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol____

A.is widely used in agriculture

B.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample water C.can be measured in the units of nanograms D.was far in excess of limit in drinking water 78.Scientists used to hypothesize that ____A.groundwater was sage for drinking water B.herbicides and pesticides were harmless

C.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking water

D.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water

79.Muller warns us not____

A.not tap groundwarter for drinking water

B.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets C.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water

D.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides

80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Drinking water

B.Rainwater and underground water C.Agriculture and pesticides D.Falling pesticides Passage 5

Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.Reasearch now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears ,but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept.17 NATUR.Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated绝缘的;隔热的 room.They faced 16 small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With a headrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.The rearchers tested eight blind people,who had been completely sightless from birth of since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons,who had some residual vision at the periphery外围 of their gaze;seven sighted people wearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.When restricted to one-ear,or monaural,listening,four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people,says study co-author合著者 Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.In sighted people who can hear with both ears,“the brain learns to rely on binaural(stereo)cues.These data suggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford University School Medicine ,“I find it surpring.”

81.one thing is sure that participants in the study ____A.had normal hearing B.were born blind C.wore blind folds

D.were divided into 2 groups

82.Under what conditions, according to Pare,did the blind testees perform better than their sighted counterparts?

A.when both used one ear

B.when the speakers were concealed C.when the sounds were turned down D.when both were restricted to blindfolds

83.Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of 就…来说the blind in terms of____A.cognitive psychology B.visual images C.binaural cues

D.monaural cues

84.The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether ____

A.the blind can hears as well as the sighted B.the blind have hearing capabilities C.blind people track sounds better D.folk wisdom is educational

85.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____

A.was scientifically tested in Canada and US,with different results produced

B.has been scientifically verifed C.merits further investigation D.is surprising to everyone passage 6

“I got cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,is clearly in a world of极大的 pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue.The story line故事情节 deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups一团糟,hospital indignities轻蔑,and physician arrogance.The malapropism用词错误(Andy,of course,meant “prostate”)is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it was deliberate,in keeping with与…一致 Sipowicz’s coarse粗糙的but tenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict 描写death as an event akin类似的 to fainting,is beginning to try harder to get its health information right.And a handful of 一把foundations基金会 and consultants咨询者 are working to get the attention of writers,producers ,and assorted各种的 Hollywood moguls险要人物,trying to convince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth is as compelling引人注目的as fiction.The stakes are high.Surveys show how surprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors,not even from newspapers of news magazines,but from entertainment television.A survey by the federal Centers for Disease and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.Certain television shows are naturals for health education.The Clinton Adminstation has been quick so recognize the potency力量 of the entertainment media as a health promoter.Secretary 国务卿Donna Shalala,whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures小册子 and public service Announcements,has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help them ensure accuracy.“Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told US News.“In recent years,I have challenged 表示置疑television talk-show hosts,writers and producers----as professionals,parents and citizens---to use this

incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”

86.The story line “I got cancer in my prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n)____ effect A.amusingB.seriousC.puzzling D.saddening

87.The word malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____

A.an improper scene in a show B.a significant detail of a storyC.a wrong use of a word D.an interesting plot

88.we can infer from the passage that ____

A.TV show must take into consideration the public health consequences

B.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truth

C.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their shows

D.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy 89.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A.TV shows are often misleading in medical details B.TV’s role as a health promoter is already recognized C.Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientific and accurate

D.Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories

90.The autor would be in favor of____A.absurd but entertaining TV shows B.mixing medicine and entertainment C.medical documentaries on TV

D.a divorce between science and entertainment

2003年博士英语考试作文参考答案

Health begins with breakfast

Most people ignore breakfast and skip it.In fact breakfast is of great importance to guarantee our heath and improve the efficiency of our work and study.So we should have it scientifically.Breakfast for young children.Small children need adequate protein and calcium, so it is good for them to have measurable milk, egg, and bread for breakfast.They should avoid eating food that is high in sugar in case of decayed teeth and fatness.Breakfast for teenagers.As adolescence is a vital period of growth, calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A are necessary for adolescents.Furthermore they should be provided with sufficient calories for their mental and physical activities

第二篇：全国医学博士统一考试2004年

2004年全国医学博士英语考试真题

patr II vocabulary(10%)

31.All the characters in the play are_____ A.imaginable adj.可想象的, 可能的B.imaginary adj.假想的, 想象的, 虚构的 C.imaginative adj.富于想象力的 D.imagining

32.The judge _____ all the charges against Smith A.dismissed dismiss a charge驳回指控

B.eliminated除去, 排除, 削减(人员)’不予考虑eliminate the false and retain the true去伪存真 C.refusedvt.拒绝, 谢绝n.废物, 垃圾

D.discardedinto the discard成为无用之物;被遗忘throw sth.into the discard放弃某事

33.The actress _____ the terms of her contract and was prosecuted起诉 by the producer制片人.A.ignored(因证据不足而)驳回诉讼

B.ratified ratify an amendment to a constitution批准宪法修正案

C.drafted vt.起草

D.violated违犯,;扰乱;violate a law犯法violate sleep妨碍睡眠violate sb.'s privacy侵扰某人的安静;闯入私室

34.At this time of the year,university admission offices are_____with inquires from anxious applicants.A.annoyed

B.thrilledv.发抖

C.trampledn.踩踏, 蹂躏v.践踏, 踩坏, 轻视D.reproached v.责备

35.When the former President_____her candidacy候选资格,she had a good chance of being elected.A.enforced强迫, 执行, 坚持, 加强

B.endorsed v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署 C.follow up v.穷追, 把...探究到底, 用继续行动来加强效果 D.put forward v.放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出

36.The country’s highest medal was _____upon him for heroism.A.earned

B.bestowed给与, 授, 赠, 赐(on, upon)I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。

C.creditedcredit...to...把...归功于credit sb.with认为某人[某事]具有...credit sth.with把...归因于某人[某事] D.granted

37.The local government leaders are making every effort to ___the problem of poverty.A.tackle

B.taperv.逐渐变细, 逐渐减少The organization tapered off in about half a year.那个组织大约半年内就逐渐消失了 C.suppress D.tangle

38.At the party we found that the shy girl __her mother all the time

A.harmonizing with v.协调 B.clinging to依附, 依靠, 坚持 C.depending on

D.adjusting to适应, 调节.39.We managed to reach the top of the mountain,and half an hour later we began to__ A.decline

B.ascend ascend to升至;追溯(到...时间)

C.descend descend from从...下来是...的后裔, 源于descend upon/on突然拜访某人 D.plunge

40.Losing the job was bad,but even worse was the feeling that I had___my dear wife and child A.let alone停止, 中止, 放松

B.let down放下, 使失望, 辜负, 松劲, 减速下降 C.let off放出, 饶恕, 准许...暂停工作 D.let up停止, 中止, 放松 section B

41.The temperature of the atmosphere becomes colder as

elevation n.上升,海拔, 提高,A.altitude n.(尤指海拔)高度,B.aptitude n.恰当, 智能, 聪明, 自然倾向

C.latitude n.纬度, 范围,(用复数)地区, 行动或言论的自由(范围)

D.longitude n.经度, 经线

42.She was wo that she wouldn’t change her opinions.A.unwillingB.talentedC.obstinateD.determined

43.On Christmas Eve ,she spent two the room with flower chains.A.modifying

B.ornamenting装饰, 修饰;C.disposing vt.①布置;~ furniture in its proper order将家具布置在适当的地方.②使易患(某病);Getting your feet wet ~s

you to catching cold.把脚弄湿使你容易伤风.D.packing包装, 捆扎, 塞满

Adorn vt.装饰；修饰;embellishment装饰,润色,修饰decorate装饰bedeck vt.[~ with]装饰;be ~ed with flowers(jewels, flags)

用花(珠宝，旗子)装饰.44.Nobody can stand for long of a sever toothache.极大的痛苦

A.sufferance 宽容；默许；容忍；忍受;It is beyond ~.这无法忍受.B.suppuration化脓

C.plague n.瘟疫, 麻烦, 灾祸;v.折磨, 使……苦恼 D.torment痛苦；苦痛;

suffering痛苦,灾害,损害,痛苦的torture剧痛

45.When we recall a story of identical offspring of Adolf Hitler being raised in order to further his horrible work,we A.enlighted授与……知识, 启发, 启蒙 B.calmed

C.provoked激怒, 惹起, 驱使stir up/arouse D.moved②感动；鼓动

46.Only native-born citizens are for the US.presidency.legible a.清晰的, 易读的 legal法律的, 合法的eligible常与 for 连用①有被选资格的;be ~ for promotion(membership)in a society在协会里有资格提升(当会员).A.obligedB.intelligible C.competent①[指人]有能力的；能胜任的;be ~ in one's work能胜任工作.be ~ to do sth有能力做某事.D.qualified

47.Tomorrow’s match has been

weather坏天气 A.prevented B.delayed C.cancelled D.forbidden

A.calamity

B.accident事故,意外伤害,偶然事件 C.frustration挫折,失意

D.depression ,抑郁(症),阻抑,压低,抑郁,the well-being of the family.A.B.C.D.A.smart

B.efficient效率高的;~ methods of teaching有效的教学方法.Proficient a.熟练的，精通的，有水平的;be ~ in driving(a car)开车熟练.C.painstaking辛苦的, 勤勉的, 小心的be ~ with one's work辛勤地工作，苦干.D.submissive服从的, 顺从的, 柔顺的50.While many applaud the increasing individualism and of family responsibility and discipline lament v.哀悼, 悔恨, 悲叹 A.mourn B.delight

C.prosecute v.进行, 实行, 起诉accusecharge withsue D.condemn判刑, 责备, 处刑, 谴责denouncerebuke convict [~ sb of sth]证明…有罪(错误)；~ sb of his errors证明某人有错误.~ sb of theft宣告某人有盗窃罪.be ~ed of sin确信有罪.part IV passage one

Although speech and writing are the special means of communicating of humans,the interchange also takes place in many other ways.A person may relay his or her feelings,thoughts and reactions through body positioning,body contact,body odors,eye contatct,responsive actions,habits attitudes,interests,state of health ,dress and grooming修饰,choice if life-style,and use of talents—in fact,through everything the individual says or does.In turn,every person is constantly receiving multitudes of external and internal messages through his or her five sense and personal biorhythm生物节律 system.An individual screens,selects,regulates,and controls specific aspects of this information through a process of mental choices.Some of these choices are automatic;some are subconscious because of habit,block,or lack of development;and some are made by a conscious process.The degree to which a person is able to communicate depends upon the extent of his or her conscious awarness,priority of need,and control of this process.The person with a behavior disorder is shut off切断from the communicative flow that normally exists among humans.His or her mind is confused,and he or she may feel unable to express personal thoughts,need,and emotions,and that he or she is communicating clearly but that others cannot or will not understand.Because the person is thus isolated in internal problems,he or she isinterested only in these problems and cannot focus attention on the messages of others.The person often projects fears and fantasies onto others设想某人怀有和自己 一样的恐惧和幻想,so that no matter what the real content is of the messages that others relay,the messages received are threatening ones.project sth.onto sb.以己之心度人之腹

The cause of such communicative shutoffs are blocks in the neural pathways of the person’s processing of information.Sometimes a block is physical,as in deafness,mental retardation智力迟钝,brain tumor ,or hardening of the cerebral arteries动脉硬化.However,the most common causes of blocks are injuries to a person’s emotional system.Emotional blocks occur to some degree in all human beings.They usually occur in childhood before good communicatives skills are learned,and they are connected to individual symbolism.Unless such a block is removed shortly after happening,it can have profound and complicating effects that will distort emotional and mental growth and arrest the development potential of the individual.Even though a child with blocks will appear to grow and to seem mature in some ways,he or she will show the evidence of emotional blocking in efforts to communicate.61.The concluding phrase of the first paragraph implies that human communication

A.is characterized by two features,form and meaning B.is mainly conducted through speech and writing C.is of two fuctions,stimulation and response D.takes two forms,verbal and nonerbal

62.In the second paragraph the author is mainly concerned with____

A.communicative ability

B.external and internal messages C.information and mental processing D.conscious and subconscious awareness

63.Shut off from the communicative flow,the person with a behavior disorder___

A.is unable to focus attention on internal problems B.is isolated in internal problems C.relays threatening messages D.all of the above

64.Which of the following is universal according to the passage?

A.Nerual blocks B.physical blocks C.cerebral blocks D.emotional blocks

65.The passage ends with____

A.the contributing factors to emotional and mental disorder B.the importance of acquiring good communicative skills C.the significance of eliminating early emotional blocks D.the warning of emotional blocks common in childhood passage 2

Despression is a state of low vitality and discontent with life in which the individual withdraws from normal life activities even to the point of considering death as an attractive alternative.Although everyone experiences “the blues” 忧郁, 沮丧or periods of low spirits when nothing in life seems to go well,when everything seems to be an effort,and when efforts lead to frustration,these periods are usually brief and are likely to occur when the person is tired,hungry,lonely,or sick.Rest,good food,talking with friends,some fun/or an end to the sickness are usually enough to cure the blues.But when the low spirits persist,or when there are large swings in mood from elation to desolation得意洋洋到悲哀,when nothing seems to catch the interest of the person,when relatives of friends cannot cheer the person and he or she continuous to withdraw,then the person is depressed.be in the blues;fall in the blues 情绪低落feel blue感到无精打采give sb.the blues使某人情绪低落havethe blues郁郁

不乐

look blue神色沮丧;脸色发青,Even such depressions are normal under certain circumstances.Anyone who is faced with a serious and painful illness or the loss of a limb,is exhausted by repeated narrow escapes九死一生 from death(such as occurs in wartime),has been exposed to a dehumanizing 无人性的environment（such as occurred with the Jews in Nazi Germany）,has had an overwhelming无法抵抗的series of stressful setbacks挫折,or has experienced the death of several family members within a shor time is expected to be depressed.However,there are many depressed people who seem to the casual observer to have no reason to be depressed.Depression under these circumstances stems from severe behavior disturbance(身心等方面的)障碍, 失调 in which the person sees himself or herself as worthless.Such image典型 is usually the result of the psychosocical conditioning条件作用 of a childhood deprived of a parental role model of security, love,care,and attention essential for the development of trusting relationships.The depressed person needs to build a new image of himself or herself as a useful and needed person.Psychotherapy is often helpful in restoring恢复 natural inner内心的 confidence and capacity for meaningful and trusting relationships.The depressed person can find little beauty or fun in life.His or her talk is filled with gloomy negatives.Doom and anxiety fill his or her mind.Depression is often cyclical,and when the anxiety does lift the person may demonstrate an opposite extreme of carefree无忧无虑的irresponsibility.Although it often takes years of psychotherapy for the individual to work through the underlying suspicion and anger of his or her problems,acceptance by another will get through to 使......了解even the most deeply depressed person if the other is sincere.An attitude of matter-of-fact hopefulness on the part of those around the depressed person can reassure him or her of eventual recovery.The disturbed thoughts of the depressed person cannot be forgotten until they are replaced by other thoughts.Yet,in depression,the person does not see that he or she has choices about what thoughts occupy his or her mind.The person needs to explore alternatives for thoughts and actions and learn to care for himself or herself enough to modify his or her own behavior.66.Unlike others,according to the passage,a depressed person___

A.is likely to recover in a short period of time B.does not reveal any underlying causing C.is characteristic of self-hatred D.tends to stay with“the blues”

67.From a serious and painful illness to the death of several family members,the author is trying to tell us that ___

A.depressions can potentially be detrimental to mental health

B.the severity of depression varies with individuals C.depressions are overwhelming prevailing

D.depressions are sometimes inescapable不可避免的68.Those who present no reason to be depressed,according to the passage___

A.need protect their self-images

B.need a parental role model at home

C.can be helped psychologically to be usueful and need persons

D.can be helped to restore their trusting relationships with

their parents

69.The author implies that what the depressed person needs most is ___ A.sincerityB.acceptance C.reassurance D.all of above

70.Under psychotherapy,the depressed person is encouaged___

A.to free his or her mind of any thought

B.to find substitutes for the disturbed thoughts C.to reassure himself or herself of early recovery

D.to explore as many therapeutic approaches as possible.Passage 3

Seana lived in the inpatient hospice unit for more than a month,far longer than anyone would have predicted,sustained only on pain medications and Popsicles.Late March in Chicago is only technically spring.Most of the time it is still cold and overcast.However,this day was warm,60 degrees and sunny.It was a Saturday and we planned to go outside after I finished rounds.I found Seana back on the unit sitting in her wheelchair,IV pole and pumps in tow,her winter coat partially covering hospital gown.Her sister-in-law and Carla,her nurse’s aide,wer ready to go.Everyone was in a great mood.We went down the elevator,into the brightly sunlit outdoors,and onto the driveway by the women’s hospital.Though the initial idea was to just sit in the sun a bit,we were drawn toward the sidewalk.There were the usual smokers outside the hospital,and the smell of cigarette smoke was the first thing I noticed.It seemed horrible to come out here,to have that smell be the first thing to greet Seana.Simultaneous with that thought,though, she said,“What a wonderful smell!”I adked her what smell was so wonderful and she said that it smelled like McDonald’s.I was thinking,she really does appreciate everything.We went on to the sidewalk and watched a father pitching a ball to his 4-year-old son.The continuity between grnerations was moving,almost beyond words.As we got to the corner,an inspiration灵感came:we could make it to Lake Michigan,only a few blocks away.Did she want to try?Did everyone want to try?Of course we did!Carla said that it felt like we were cutting school.So off we went ,across Sheridan Road,the four of us quite a motley sight:Seana looking like death warmed over in her wheelchair,I wearing my gray hospital coat,the nurse’s aede in an outrageous green leather coat,her sister-in-law in an Ohio State sweatshirt.Cars slowed down;we waved.We walked up the road to the beach,cutting through rutted lawns,the wheelchair bumping in the spring mud.Seana didn’t say much,but she seemed translucent in the sun,beaming,lit from within.I imagined it as her farewell tour of the world.I can only fathom 看穿 the poignant可怜的 wealth of feelings that were stimulated.For me ,it evoked the sense of being a tourist,where everything seems special,a little strange,and very impermanent.I had experienced this same lakefront that way three years before.Then,I had just recovered from my own near death in the form of a myocardial infarction心肌梗塞 and cardiac arrest and was filled with joy and gratitude感恩；感谢[to sb,for sth];that I was still here.The world looked new.I had been Seana’s age.She taught me that awareness of death and appreciation of life go together:to imagine that you are seeing things for the last tome has the same intensity as seeing them for the first.71.Upon finishing rounds,the author___ A.joined Seana for an outing

B.went to the inpatient hospice unit临终关怀病区 C.managed to get a wheelchair for Seana

D.found the prrfect weather for a stroll with Seana

72.We can infer that the smell of smoke made the author feel that ___

A.it was a wrong idea to smoke outside of the hospital B.the sidewlk was a wuong place for smokingC.it had been the right plan to go out D.Seans was at a wrong place

73.Outside the hospital,Seana enjoyed everything including___

A.the fast food at McDonald’s B.the smell of smoke C.the generation gap D.all of the above

74.The author would say that Seana being wheeled in the sun___

A.was fascinated by the team’s motley sight B.imagined her farewell tour of the world C.was emotionally aroused from within D.was fond of appreciating nature

75.During the outing,the author perceivedSeans’s appreciation of life___ A.in her hope of recvery B.in her awareness of death

C.in seeing things for the first time D.in bing a tourist at the lakefront Passage 4

Two equally brilliant scientists apply for a prestigious research fellowship awarded by a top scientific prganization.One is white,the other black.Does the color of their skin matter?

Most scientists will already be screaming a resounding响亮的 “no”.Those who progress in science do so because of their work,not their pigmentation染色.Sceince is meritocratic and objective.It must therefore be rigorously color-blind and shun避开 both racial discrimination and affirmative action.Well,lit’s think about this.If science really is so meritocratic,where are all the black Nobel prize winners and fellows of the Royal Society?The black chairs of government scientific panels?The black Richard Dawkinses and Susan Greenfidlds?When Newsweek magazine recently surveyed Europe’s largest 100 companies it was shocked to unearth发掘, only six board members of non-European racial origin.One shudders to think what a similar survey of the upper echelons of European science would reveal.Even the usually stick-in-the-mud保守的;顽固的 British government now acknowledges there is a problem.Last month it promised new funding for projects desighed to combat institutional racism in science education in schools.As measures go it is little and late,but welcome nonetheless.Despite starting school as the top achievers,black British children have long underperformed in science.And there are positive changes afoot higher up the scientific career ladder too.At present,few scientific organizations ,funding bodies or labs in Europe bother even to track the racial backgrounds of those they hire or fund.As a result the full scale of the under-representation problem is hidden.Not for much longer.Britain’s newly amended Race Relations Act requires all government bodies,including funding councils,to track the effects of their activities on different ethnic groups and ensure that

all benefit equally.And next year a European Union directive will push all EU employers this way too.But ethnic monitoring alone will not create the black role models European science so badly needs.Something else is needed.Funding agencies基金管理机 and influential有影响的organizations like the Royal Society must bite the bullet of affirmative action.That means ring-fencing fellowships and grants for applicants from particular racial backgrounds.And it means seeking out those who have broken through the barriers of race and giving them preference over their equally well-qualified white peers for positions of influence and places in the spotlight公众注意的中心.Tokenism表面文章主义 and fine sentiments will no longer do.With other professions having already leapt ahead in this area,the enduring whiteness持久的苍白 of science is more than an embarrassment阻碍, 困窘:it is a barrier to its very credibility.If a large segment of Europe’s schoolchildren never see a scientist who looks like them,they will continue to think science is not for them.And if scientists don’t reflect the multifarcial多种的 societies they live in,they’ll find it hard to win the public trust they crave.Does color matter?You bet it does.76.Science is not so meritocratic because___ A.it is color-blind

B.it is racially diaceiminative

C.it awards wrong research workers D.it is practiced by the white exclusively

77.The embarrassing problem addressed in the passage___embarrassment阻碍, 困窘, 拮据 A.was proved by Newsweek magazine’s survey B.shocked government scientific panels C.was revealed by the Royal Society D.all of the above

78.One of the positive changes afoot is ___ A.funding research institutions of labs B.setting up a scientific career ladderC.hiding the racial discriminationD.belittle racial backgrounds

79.To bite the bullet of affirmative action is ___ A.to set up black role models in Europe B.to keep ethnic issues under surveillance

C.to restrict fellowship and grants to the black

D.to balance the distribution of fellowship and grants between the white and the black

80.The author argues that color matters because it is of ___ A.the nature of science B.credibility in science

C.an embarrassing tokenism

D.mutual相互的trust between generations passage,5

About 14,000 people will contract染上(疾病）contract a bad habit染上恶习contract pneumonia染上肺炎 HIV taday.And tomorrow and the day after that,and every day for the foreseeable future.That’s 5 million by the end of the year,most of whom will be dead within a decade.Figures like these bring home the devastating破坏性的, 毁灭性的 impact of AIDS and the urgent need for a cheap,effective vaccine could stop the tide趋势 of infection and stem 阻止 the need for more,costly treatments.It could even help people who already have the virus stay healthy.Back in 1990,druygs companies and researchers confidently predicted we’d have a vaccine against HIV-1

within 10 years.These were rash轻率的 statements.The virus has turned out to be more cunning and stealthy鬼鬼祟祟的, than anyone expected,and our knowledge of how vaccines bolster 支持the immune system has’t been good enough.A dozen years on,we still have no clear-cut清晰的 candidate for a vaccine.So you might expect the announcement of two large-scale trials of AIDS vaccines to be applauded.Yet they have been criticized as a monumental 极端的 waste of money.The trials will test almost identical vaccines,neither of which is expected to offer great protectionagainst the virus.What’s more,both are funded by the US government, one through the National Institute of Health and the other through the Department of Defense国防部.The NIH国家卫生研究所 and the DoD国防部 have a long history of rivalry竞争 in AIDS research,but in this case it seems sensible明智的 for the NIH to back down放弃原主张,Although the NIH is under pressure “to be seen to be doing something”,duplicating work of questionable value is itself questionable.Better to join forces with联合 the military for this trial and spend the money saved---which amounts to about ＄60 million---elsewhere.There are,after all,reasons for optimism.A new wave of vaccines from industry and academia 学术界has nearly completed safety tests.It makes sense有意义 to carry out limited trials of all these newcomers,to identify which ones offer the best protection,before committing tens of millions of dollars to large trials.Such a strategy would need the agreement of drugs companies,government agencies and medical charities---something that’s not as Utopian as it sounds.The NIH has already signed a deal密约 to test a new AIDS vaccine made by the pharmaceuticals giant Merck.And the International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, a not-for-profit funding organization based in New York,has pioneered new ways to divide up分割 intellectual property 知识产权rights for successful vaccines.What’s needed is cooperation and coordination协作和协调，not competition.The important thing is to find the fastest route to an effective vaccine.Every day we forget that ,another 14,000 people pay the price.81.Today the tide of HIV infection___ A.drown 14,000 people

B.calls for a cheep,effective vaccine

C.rolls滚动前进without any countervailing 对抗measures D.is curbed with an inexpensive,effective vaccine

82.Neither of the vaccines tested in the two large-scale trials___

A.is in a right track

B.turned out to be a manufacturer C.is sufficiently funded for research

D.is capable of inhibiting the tide of HIV infections 83.The author questions___

A.the two rivisls’ intention to back down B.insufficient investment in AIDS research

C.the two trials testing almost indentical vaccines

D.the allocation of funds between the NIH and the DoD 84.According to the passage,it is imperative that___

A.the two rivals of AIDS vaccines change their research lines

B.less pressure be imposed upon the NIH and the DoD C.the NIH join the DoD D.all of the above

85.The strategy put forward in the passage implies that___

A.rivalries can hamper the fight against AIDS B.there are no shortcuts to conqueest over AIDS

C.the tide of AIDS infections is not taken seriously enough D.one single institution is enough to turn out an effective vaccine passage 6

A boy who struggles to read English primary-school storybooks yet has no trouble with university physics textbooks in Japanese is challenging current thinking in dyslexia诵读困难.The 17-year-old boy,known as AS,is the first person shown to be dyslexic in one language but not in another.“This could have profound consequences for concepts of reading,”says Taeko Wydell of Brunel University in west London,who has studied AS.“If there is a specific brain area for reading and person has impairment损伤 in this area,in theory all his languages should be affected.”The case is also posing problems for researchers who argue that dyslexia is a visual processing disorder.AS has two English-speaking parents but lives in Japan.At the age of six,he began attending a Japanese primary school,but it soon became clear that he was lagging behind his Japanese counterparts in English.When AS was 13,tests confirmed that the problem was dyslexia，a congenital天生的 difficulty with reading.The causes of dyslexia are poorly understood,but have been linked to damage in part of the brain’s left hemsphere known as the perisylvian area.The condition is marked by an impaired ability to process the written symbols of language,such as letters---which has led some researchers to suggest that the problem lies ultimately根本 in faulty visual processing视觉过程的处理障碍.Intrigued by AS’s case,Wydell and her collegue Brain Butterworth of University College London looked at his reading in Japanese.Japanese has two written forms.One,called kanji日本汉字, cinsisfts of symbols that carry meaning but have no phonetic value.The kana日文的字母 script contains symbols that correspond to particular sounds.Wydell first tested AS’s ability to read 160 words written in kanji.Many kanji characters have two pronunciations---one in the Chinese from which the symbols were derived and the other unique to Japanese---but only one is correct in a given context.Knowing how to pronounce a word can be extremely difficult.Yet AS read kanji at undergraduate level and so has no problem with his visual processing skills.He has also passed competitive high school entrance exams,which require expertise in kana.In English,however,AS scored half as well as the average person of his age when asked to read real words and made-up words out loud.And he could read only one of 50 “difficult ”words,such as “nausea” and “aisle”.Nevertheless,AS perceives English sounds “just like a native”,says Wydell.Wydell argue that AS’s case is difficult to reconcile with 使一致 conventional theories about dyslexia.“If AS has a problem with visual processing,”she says,“it should show up 暴露 even more in kanji.”She accept that many children diagnosed as dyslexic may well have problems processing visual information,but suspects that others---like AS---suffer from a kind of dyslexia that occurs primarily in English.The problem,she believes,lies in the brains’s ability to tackle the Engliah language complex system of mapping sounds to letters,which gives rise to some eccentric spellings.By contrast,kans letters always sound the same.Not all researchers in the field are persuade,however.“If AS’s sight vocabulary is so good in Japanese,”asks Marjorie Perlman Lorch,a neurolinguist at Birkbeck College,“why hasn’t he adopted the same strategy for irregular words in English?”She suspects that AS’s reading problems could stem from his position as a cultural outsider外人 in Japan.“Social identity and motivational 有关动机的 factors can be crucial.”

86.Dyslexia has been assumed ___ A.to be linked to vision

B.to be caused by faulty visual pocessing C.to be a congenital disorder of mentality D.to lie in the written symbols of language 87.What intrigued Wydell is___A.AS’s visual processing disorder 2004年全国医学考博英语试题答案（仅供参考）

1.A2.B3.C4.C5.C6.B7.D8.A9.D10.D11.A12.B13.C14.C15.D16.D17.A18.C19.B20.A

21.A22.B23.D24.C25.D26.A27.D28.C29.B30.C

31.B32.A33.D34.A35.B36.B37.A38.B39.C40.B

41.A42.C43.B44.D45.C46.D47.C48.A49.D50.A

51.A52.B53.D54.A55.B56.C57.A58.A59.B60.C

61.D62.C63.B64.D65.C66.D67.D68.C69.D70.B

71.B72.D73.B74.C75.B76.B77.A78.D79.AB.AS’s dyslexia in his languages C.AS’s impaired left hemsphere D.AS’s selective dyslexia

88.According to Wydell’s investigation, AS ___ A.is not dyslexia in Japanese scripts字母 B.is not dyslexia in kanji but in kana C.is not dyslexia in kana but in kanji

D.has a congential difficulty reading Japanese scrips

89.Wydell finds it hard to explain AS’s case in term of ___ A.faulty visual processing

B.English phonetics and spelling C.congenital problems with reading

D.the disparities between English and Japanese 90.In AS’s case,according to Lorch,are involved___ A.social factors B.cultural factors

C.motivational factors D.all of the above

how to choose hospitals after entering WTO

With China’s entry into WTO, many people go to joint venture hospitals when they are ill.The reason for this is that these hospitals can provide quality services based on their advanced equipment, exquisite techniques, efficiency administration and excellent doctors.However, people have to pay a high fee in these hospitals, 80 percent of which is for the service itself.In China, nongovernmental hospitals occupy 41 percent of the total health care facilities, but they are relatively small in scale less advanced in equipment and techniques.Anyhow, more nongovernmental hospitals have been built up after entering WTO and are making an effort to improve services in term of nursing and rehabilitation of the aged with chronic diseases, and health care for infants and children.In this view, nongovernmental hospitals have a large growing space.Public hospitals are government-run and excel nongovernmental ones in equipment and techniques.Compared with joint venture hospitals, charges in public hospitals are much lows and can be reimbursed according to the rules of social insurances, but the poor services are usually a big problem perplexing people.Facing the challenge of entering WTO, public hospitals are undergoing a series of reforms including their management system, personnel system, techniques, services, surroundings and fees in order to survive in competition with other types of hospitals.80.B

81.B82.D 90.D

83.C84.C 85.A86.B 87.D88.A 89.A

第三篇：2018年注册会计师全国统一考试

2018年注册会计师全国统一考试

江苏考区报名简章

根据《注册会计师全国统一考试办法》和《2018年注册会计师全国统一考试报名简章》，现将2018年注册会计师全国统一考试江苏考区专业阶段考试和综合阶段考试报名有关事项规定如下：

一、报名条件

（一）同时符合下列条件的中国公民，可以申请参加注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试：

1.具有完全民事行为能力；

2.具有高等专科以上学校毕业学历，或者具有会计或者相关专业中级以上技术职称。

（二）同时符合下列条件的中国公民，可以申请参加注册会计师全国统一考试综合阶段考试：

1.具有完全民事行为能力；

2.已取得注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试合格证。

（三）有下列情形之一的人员，不得报名参加注册会计师全国统一考试：

1.因被吊销注册会计师证书，自处罚决定之日起至申请报名之日止不满5年者；

2.以前参加注册会计师全国统一考试因违规而受到禁考处理期限未满者。

二、报名程序 参加注册会计师全国统一考试的报名人员，应当通过注册会计师全国统一考试网上报名系统（http://cpaexam.cicpa.org.cn，简称网报系统）进行报名，或者通过中国注册会计师协会（简称中注协）官方微信公众号进行报名。报名分为注册并填写报名信息、资格审核和交费三个环节。

（一）注册并填写报名信息。

报名人员应当于2018年4月2日至4月28日（网报系统开放时间为每天8:00—20:00），点击进入网报系统进行注册，按照报名指引如实填写相关信息。首次报名人员还应在网报系统中上传符合要求的本人最近1年1寸免冠白底证件照片。非首次报名人员的相关信息如发生变动，应当重新填写。

无法上传照片的报名人员可在报名期间持有效身份证原件到报名所在市注册会计师协会（简称市级注协）指定地点（详见网报系统中有关各市报名信息）进行现场采集。

符合综合阶段考试报名条件，但不能进行报名的人员，可向江苏省注册会计师协会（简称省注协）查询办理。

（二）资格审核。

1.首次报名人员的学历信息，原则上由网报系统链接中国高等教育学生信息网进行认证。持国（境）外学历的报名人员填报的教育部留学服务中心出具的学历认证书编号，由中注协、省注协提交教育部留学服务中心进行认证。

应届毕业生报名人员的学历信息将由中注协于8月15日提交中国高等教育学生信息网进行认证。2.持非居民身份证（如军官证），或者以军校毕业学历、会计或者相关专业中级以上技术职称作为报名条件的首次报名人员，或者网报系统无法认证学历的首次报名人员，应当在报名期间携带本人签名的报名信息表、有效身份证件、毕业证书或职称证书等相关材料，到报名所在市注协指定地点进行审核。

3.未通过资格审核的报名人员，不符合报名条件，报名资格不予通过。

（三）交费。

1.完成报名资格审核的报名人员，以及无需进行资格审核的报名人员、应届毕业生报名人员在报名信息填写完成后，通过网上支付交纳考试报名费。交费完成视为报名程序完成。

2.报名费标准按照《江苏省物价局关于调整注册会计师考试考务费标准的复函》（苏价费函〔2013〕128号）规定，考试报名费标准为每科次 92元。报名发票在报名所在市注协领取，领取时间到2018年12月31日截止。

3.交费截止时间为4月28日20:00。交费手续完成后，所报考科目及相关信息不能更改，报名费不予退还。

4.报名人员（不含应届毕业生）完成交费手续后，可在网报系统查询个人报名状态；应届毕业生报名人员可在8月17日后登录网报系统查询个人报名状态。报名资格未通过或未交费的报名人员，不能下载打印准考证和参加考试。

三、考试科目和考试范围

专业阶段考试科目：会计、审计、财务成本管理、公司战略与风险管理、经济法、税法。

专业阶段考试报名人员可以同时报考6个科目，也可以选择报考部分科目。

综合阶段考试科目：职业能力综合测试（试卷

一、试卷二）。考试范围：《注册会计师全国统一考试大纲——专业阶段考试（2018年）》和《注册会计师全国统一考试大纲——综合阶段考试（2018年）》确定的考试范围。

四、考试方式

考试采用闭卷、计算机化考试方式。即，在计算机终端获取试题、作答并提交答题结果。

考试系统支持8种输入法：微软拼音输入法、全拼输入法、智能ABC输入法、谷歌拼音输入法、搜狗拼音输入法、王码五笔型输入法、极品五笔输入法、万能五笔输入法。

五、考试时间和地点

（一）考试时间。综合阶段考试：

2018年8月25日 08：30—12：00 职业能力综合测试（试卷

一）

14：00—17：30 职业能力综合测试（试

卷二）

专业阶段考试：

2018年10月13日 08：30—11：00 审计

13：00—15：30 财务成本管理

17：30—19：30 经济法

2018年10月14日 08：30—11：30 会计

13：30—15：30 公司战略与风险管理 17：30—19：30 税法

（二）考试地点。

专业阶段考试地点安排在各设区市。综合阶段考试江苏考区地点安排在南京市。

（三）南京、苏州、镇江、泰州考区会计科目考试时间的特殊安排

考虑到部分考区参加会计科目考试的考生较多，考点和机位可能出现紧张，为优化上述考区会计科目考点和机位资源，2018年南京、苏州、镇江、泰州考区会计科目安排两场考试，考试时间分别为2018年10月14日08:30—11:30、13:30—16:30。财政部注册会计师考试委员会办公室将根据报名情况统筹安排考生参加相关场次的考试。相关考区涉及的考生可在5月15日后登录网报系统查询考试时间安排，并以准考证上载明的时间为准参加考试。

六、考试辅导教材

中注协根据《注册会计师全国统一考试大纲——专业阶段考试（2018年）》和《注册会计师全国统一考试大纲——综合阶段考试（2018年）》，组织编写专业阶段6个科目考试辅导教材、专业阶段和综合阶段试题汇编，以及经济法规汇编，由中国财经出版传媒集团出版发行。报名人员可在当地书店、出版社指定的网上书店自愿购买。

七、准考证的下载打印 综合阶段考试报名人员应当于8月6日至22日期间（每天8：00—20:00），登录网报系统下载打印准考证。

专业阶段考试报名人员应当于9月17日至9月30日、10月8日至10月10日期间（每天8:00—20:00），登录网报系统下载打印准考证。

八、现场审核地址及联系电话 全省共设13个现场资格审核点。

1．南京考区：南京市北京西路2-2号406室（南京教会4楼），南京市注册会计师协会；电话：025-83300391、83312996。

2．无锡考区：无锡市蠡湖大道309号，无锡市注册会计师协会（无锡建发公司大院3号楼，蠡湖大道和隐秀路转角处）；咨询电话：0510-82733696。

3．徐州考区：徐州市新城区行政中心西A区609室，徐州市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0516-83702451；83750788。

4．常州考区：常州市新北区龙锦路1259-2号（奥体明都国际饭店东侧）六楼，常州市注册会计师协会，电话0519-86600330，86623905。

5．苏州考区：苏州市人民路905号4楼，苏州市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0512-65231908、65243075。

6．南通考区：南通市青年西路192号，南通市财会信息教育中心2号楼会计服务大厅；咨询电话：0513-83534666、83534661。

7．连云港考区：连云港市海连中路99号市财政局306室，连云港市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0518-85507760、85507570。8．淮安考区：淮安市健康东路65号市财政局412室，淮安市注册会计师管理中心；咨询电话：0517-83168382、83168208。

9．盐城考区：盐城市世纪大道15号行政中心B座1346室，盐城市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：05***、80501348。

10．扬州考区：扬州市扬子江北路471号财会服务中心4号楼210室，扬州市注册会计师管理服务中心；咨询电话：0514-80597120。

11．镇江考区：镇江市南山路61号国投商务广场A楼14层，镇江市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0511-84439027、84439117。

12．泰州考区：泰州市海陵南路302号泰州市财政局411室；泰州市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0523-86888060。

13．宿迁考区：宿迁市人民大道1号财政大厦501室，宿迁市注册会计师协会；咨询电话：0527-84363071。

江苏省财政厅注册会计师考试委员会办公室咨询电话：025-83305967。

九、试卷评阅和成绩认定

（一）考生答卷由中注协组织集中评阅。考试成绩经财政部注册会计师考试委员会认定后发布。考生可于12月中旬登录中注协网站查询成绩并下载打印成绩单。

（二）每科考试均实行百分制，60分为成绩合格分数线。

（三）专业阶段考试的单科考试合格成绩5年内有效。对在连续5个考试中取得专业阶段考试全部科目合格成绩的考生，颁发注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试合格证。

注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试合格证由考生到专业阶段最后科目考试报考所在市注协申领。

（四）对取得综合阶段考试科目合格成绩的考生，颁发注册会计师全国统一考试全科合格证。

注册会计师全国统一考试全科合格证由考生到综合阶段考试报考所在市注协申领。

十、专业阶段考试免试

根据《中华人民共和国注册会计师法》及《注册会计师全国统一考试免试管理办法》执行。

十一、其他注意事项

（一）报名人员应当认真阅读《注册会计师全国统一考试办法》、《注册会计师全国统一考试违规行为处理办法》等相关文件（可在中注协、江苏省注协网站查阅），报名完成即视为全部认同并承诺遵守上述文件。

（二）报名人员下载打印准考证时，应当认真阅读《注册会计师全国统一考试应考人员考场守则》和有关考试信息，并按要求和准考证载明的考试时间参加考试。

（三）中注协开通注册会计师考试机考练习网站（http://cpademo.cicpa.org.cn）。报名人员可登录练习，熟悉机考环境和电子化试题形式。具体开通时间另行公告。

（四）考生需要对考试成绩复核的，可在成绩发布后第5个工作日起10个工作日内，通过网报系统，提出成绩复核申请，中注协根据《注册会计师全国统一考试成绩复核办法》统一组织成绩复核。

（五）中注协（http://www.xiexiebang.com）及官方微信公众号发布考试相关通知，请报名人员随时关注。

（六）如果报名人员咨询与考试政策相关的问题，可将问题发送至中注协设立的考试专用邮箱：cpaks@cicpa.org.cn 或拨打江苏省注协电话025-83305967（工作日8:30-18:00）。

如果报名人员咨询与网报系统相关的技术问题，请拨打中注协电话010-88250110（工作日8:00—12:00，13:00—17:00）或咨询省注协025-83305967（工作日8:30—12:00，14:00—18:00）。

第四篇：2011注册会计师全国统一考试

2011注册会计师全国统一考试——综合阶段考试

重庆地区报名公告

根据财政部注册会计师考试委员会关于印发《2011注册会计师全国统一考试报名简章》的通知，现将重庆地区2011注册会计师全国统一考试——综合阶段考试报名有关事项公告如下：

一、报名条件

同时符合下列条件的中国公民，可以申请参加注册会计师全国统一考试——综合阶段考试：

（一）具有完全民事行为能力；

（二）已取得财政部注册会计师考试委员会颁发的注册会计师全国统一考试——专业阶段考试合格证书的。

二、报名程序

注册会计师全国统一考试报名均通过“注册会计师全国统一考试网上报名系统”进行。

报考人员应于网上报名期间通过报名系统直接进行网上支付报名费，报名费每科100元。

报考人员于2011年3月25日至4月10日期间，登录中国注册会计师协会网站（http://www.xiexiebang.com/）进行网上报名。综合阶段考试的报考人员无须进行报名资格审核。

如果符合综合阶段考试的报考条件，但未能通过网上报名系统审核致使不能完成网上预报名的，可向重庆考办查询办理。

请您在本规定的报考期间内及时进行网上报考，逾期未报的无法补报。

三、缴费方式

报考费用均采用在线支付的形式，考生可持首信易支付所支持的任意卡种支付报考费用。

首信易支付支持卡种：工商（牡丹信用卡、牡丹灵通卡），农业（金穗储蓄卡、金穗信用卡），建设（龙卡储蓄卡、龙卡信用卡），招商（一卡通、支付卡、信用卡），交通（太平洋信用卡、太平洋借记卡），民生（民生借记卡），兴业（兴业借记卡），广发（银联广发卡、理财通卡），深发（发展借记卡、发展信用卡），华夏（华夏卡），邮政（邮政绿卡），交通（太平洋信用卡、太平洋借记卡）。以上银行的卡种均可以进行网上支付。如你选择首信易支付所支持银行交费过程中遇到问题，请致电首信易支付 客服电话：010-96102、010-82020260；

2011注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试

重庆地区报名公告

根据财政部注册会计师考试委员会关于印发《2011注册会计师全国统一考试报名简章》的通知，现将重庆地区2011注册会计师全国统一考试——专业阶段考试报名有 关事项公告如下：

一、报名日期和办法

2011重庆地区考生全部采用网上报名方式。报考人员可以同时报考专业阶段考试6个科目，也可以选择报考部分科目。报名费每科50元。

报考人员于2011年3月25日至4月10日期间，登录中国注册会计师协会网站（http://www.xiexiebang.com/）进行网上预报名。登录后，按报名指引填写相关信息，当网上报名系统为报考人员生成网络报名信息表后，即为网上预报名结束。

请您在本规定的报考期间内及时进行网上报考，逾期未报的无法补报。

二、报名方式

（一）首次报名的报考人员（含应届毕业生）的报名方式

1.以前未参加过报名的考生，考生初次进入注册会计师考试报名网站报名时，请先进行新考生注册，上传近期免冠照片，在网上完成考试预报名后再到现场进行报考资格确认。

2.应届毕业生（目前还在读本科或者专科，并且当年8月份之前能取得毕业证的考生）。在网上完成考试预报名后，考生本人携带身份证原件、学生证、《应届毕业生承诺书》和网上下载的《个人报名信息表》到现场办理报考资格确认，经现场资格确认后，返回网上办理缴费手续。

注：应届毕业生须按规定填写《应届毕业生承诺书》，可在网上报名时下载打印。

3.通过资格审核并缴费成功的应届毕业生，须按规定时间携带本人身份证原件、学历证书原件和网上下载的《个人报名信息表》到重庆考办进行二次验证，验证合格后方可打印准考证。届时如未能取得大专以上学历证书原件，原考试报名作废，考试报名费用不再退还。

4.请考生真实准确地录入基本信息，按照要求选择报名科目、订购教材，网上下载《个人报名信息表》并认真核对各项信息。

5．资格确认办法： 1)资格确认时间：4月22日—4月28日上午9：00—11：30，下午1：30—4：30（周六、日不休息）。

2)资格确认地点：

重庆理工大学,九龙坡区杨家坪兴胜路4号； 咨询电话：68667334;62563142

重庆工商大学，南岸区学府大道58号； 咨询电话:62769379，62768614；

万州区考点 万州区财政局 万州区财政局； 咨询电话：58379633；

涪陵区考点 涪陵区财政局 涪陵区财政局； 咨询电话：72225161；

黔江区考点 黔江区财政局 黔江区财政局； 咨询电话：79225842；

3)资格确认时考生须携带本人身份证原件、学历证书原件(应届毕业生携带《应届毕业生报名承诺书》及学生证)和网上下载的《个人报名信息表》，未进行报考资格确认的考生报考无效。

4)在国外取得学历学位的报考人员，须提供由教育部留学服务中心出具的《国外学历学位认证书》原件和复印件一份。

注：请考生提前办理国外学历学位认证手续。6.应届毕业生二次验证时间：7月11日—15日上午9：30—11：30，下午1：30—4：30（周六、日休息），地点：各报名确认点现场。

7.缴费方式：网上预报名成功并经现场确认报考资格后，请考生回网上办理缴费手续。

（二）非首次报名的报考人员的报名方式

1.非首次报名参加专业阶段考试的报考人员全部在网上完成考试报名、订购教材、及缴费等事宜, 报考人员无须进行报名资格审核。

2.考生缴费成功后，需网上下载《个人报名信息表》，用于核对报考信息和查看准考证的网上打印时间。

（三）缴费方式

报考费用均采用在线支付的形式，考生可持首信易支付所支持的任意卡种支付报考费用。

首信易支付支持卡种：工商（牡丹信用卡、牡丹灵通卡），农业（金穗储蓄卡、金穗信用卡），建设（龙卡储蓄卡、龙卡信用卡），招商（一卡通、支付卡、信用卡），交通（太平洋信用卡、太平洋借记卡），民生（民生借记卡），兴业（兴业借记卡），广发（银联广发卡、理财通卡），深发（发展借记卡、发展信用卡），华夏（华夏卡），邮政（邮政绿卡），交通（太平洋信用卡、太平洋借记卡）。以上银行的卡种均可以进行网上支付。如你选择首信易支付所支持银行交费过程中遇到问题，请致电首信易支付客服电话：010-96102、010-82020260；

三、专业阶段考试免试的办理

符合办理专业阶段考试免试条件的考生，请于4月22日—4月28日（上午9：30—11：30，下午1：30—4：30）向现场确认点提供高级专业技术职称证书和身份证(原件及复印件一式两份)及免试申请表一式两份（加盖所在单位人事部门公章），经审核确定并报财政部注册会计师考试委员会核准后，方可免试。

注：《注册会计师全国统一考试——专业阶段考试科目免试申请表(2011)》网上下载打印, 应使用标准A4纸张。

四、专业阶段考试辅导用书

（一）2011注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试辅导教材为中国注册会计师协会根据财政部考试委员会发布的考试大纲，报考人员在网上预报名的同时自愿订购。

（二）首次报名考生可在完成网上预报名后，可选择网上交费订购教材。

五、考前辅导

重庆理工大学，九龙坡区杨家坪兴胜路4号；咨询电话：68667334;62563142;

第五篇：2018年注册会计师全国统一考试

2018年注册会计师全国统一考试 开封考区专业阶段考试圆满完成

2018年注册会计师全国统一考试专业阶段考试于10月13日、14日在全国各考区同时实施，开封考区在黄河水院顺利举行。省注协秘书长张连升、市财政局局长孙国才、市财政局其他领导分别亲临现场巡视指导考务工作。省财政厅李泽朝科长和市财政局分管注协领导解正考试期间全程在现场指导考试工作。市财政局数十名干部职工在现场巡考及为考试提供服务工作。

今年我市专业阶段报名人数2271人，5953科次，共82场次，出考率为39.63%。

按照财政部“认真部署、精心组织、严格要求、万无一失”的工作方针，市考办全体工作人员合理分工，责任到人；建立应急机制，制定应急预案，做好考试保密和防范考试舞弊工作；为确保考试顺利举行，做好考试期间的各项保障工作，市考办积极与供电、公安、考点（黄河水院）等单位协调。市电力公司派出移动发电车和5名专业技术人员到考试现场值班，保障考试期间的用电安全；市公安局安排警力到考点巡逻，维持考点周围治安；考点（黄河水院）负责人、电工、医务人员在现场全程值班。考试过程秩序井然，机位运行顺畅，各项考试工作圆满完成。

注册会计师管理中心 2018年10月15日

河南省注册会计师协会秘书长张连升在考场巡视

开封市财政局局长孙国才在考场巡视

河南省财政厅李泽朝科长和和市财政局分管注协领导解正在考场巡视