2014年专业英语四级写作过关全攻略

第一篇：2014年专业英语四级写作过关全攻略

2013 年专业英语四级写作过关全攻略

写作： 第一步 审题：是讨论型(discussion)还是辩论型(argumentation)(确定其一)第二步 构思：确定观点，以及拓展观点(一分为三)第三步 提纲：经典三段式(磨刀不误砍柴工)引言段(50 字)话题引入 + 众说纷纭 + 我方观点 主体段(100 字)一分为三 + 逻辑顺序 + 事实说话 结论段(50 字)重申主体 + 顺带提醒 + 提出展望 说明：(1)话题引入两种方式：宏观背景;突发事件;(2)事实说话多种方式：统计数据、正反对比、名人名言、亲身经历、趣闻逸事、调查结果等等 第四步 写作：严格按照提纲结构行文，写的时候注意(1)多使用同义词或同义表达方式替换避免词汇的过度重复;(2)如何使句子结构多样化(简单句，并列句和复杂句的交替使用，适当将句中非谓语结 构、介词短语、从句等位置多样;插入语、同位语的运用等等);(3)句子与句子之间衔接词的运用，表示上下文逻辑关系表达方式的使用。周玉亮经典语录：想的时候不写，写的时候不想。换句话说：构思和提纲阶段想好写什么，具体写作过程中只想如何做到词汇丰富、句式 多样、衔接自然。严格按照构思和提纲阶段确定的内容来写。中途冒出的想法再妙也不要采 用以保证整个文章思路是一致的。第五步 校对：只对拼写错误和低级的语法错误做修改，保持卷面整洁。补充说明： 时间分配： 10 分钟审题构思提纲 +30 分钟写作 +5 分钟校对 高分标准：书写工整 语法规范 词汇丰富 句式多变 衔接自然 结构完整

真题 SAMPLE 2005 TEM-4 WRITING The students' Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.My Idea of a University Arts Festival(典型讨论型)2007 TEM-4 WRITING Nowadays the Internet has become part of people's life, and million of young people have made friends online.Is It Wise to Make Friends Online(典型辩论型)启发思考题： How to stay healthy The best way to stay healthy How to solve the problem of envrironment pollution The Most Effective way to solve the problem of environment pollution What I have learned from College The most important thing I have learned from College

真题 SAMPLE

2005 TEM-4 WRITING

The students' Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.My Idea of a University Arts Festival(典型讨论型)

2007 TEM-4 WRITING

Nowadays the Internet has become part of people's life, and million of young people have made friends online.Is It Wise to Make Friends Online(典型辩论型)

启发思考题：

How to stay healthy

The best way to stay healthy

How to solve the problem of envrironment pollution

The Most Effective way to solve the problem of environment pollution

What I have learned from College

The most important thing I have learned from College

第二篇：专业英语四级考试写作

2006年英语专业八级满分作文

Ambition is the decision one makes and the resolution with which he carries out that decision.It provides us with the required driving force to accomplish any undertakings in our life.Just as Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer put it, “And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to choose to do something, then our life becomes meaningful and specifically orientated.This notion of life, as far as I observe, is closest to truth and does apply to almost all aspects of life.First things first, ambition renders us a sense of mission.No matter what decision you make you have to be responsible for your choice.Your choice procures you a sense of orientation, or more specially a sense of mission.And only a strong mission may enable one to accomplish greatness.Caesar of the ancient Roman Empire was urged by his ambition “I came, I saw, I conquered.” And became an unrivaled empire builder in the history of Rome.John Milton, stimulated always by his ambition that aimed at writing some “mighty lines” which England would unwillingly forget, had in due time secured his position as the second Shakespeare in the history of English literature.In the second place, ambition can bring one’s potentials to the full.Ambition may well serve as a catalyst activating one’s dormant potentials.Without ambition one’s potentials will remain slumbering like a dormant volcano.A case in point is Ms Zhang Haidi, a Chinese Helen Keller.It was her ambition to be a useful person has turned the almost paralyzed Zhang Haidi into a well-accomplished figure whose achievements would dwarf those of some normal people aim at the sun, though, at worst, they may probably land on the moon.Influential as it is upon us, however, ambition must be channeled in the right direction.If wrongly directed, one’s ambition may bring havoc on him and others.Hitler, whose ambition was to conquer Europe by whatever evil means, finally turned him into a demon.It was this demon that almost cast Europe into an unfathomable abyss of anguish and suffering.Another case is Macbeth whose ambition was to become the king of Scotland.However, his ambition was materialized by the murder of King Duncan.Consequently, unbearable guilt and psychological agony drove him to his tragic doom.To sum up, ambition can benefit us tremendously if wisely and correctly channeled, otherwise it may ruin others and ourselves.A poet says: life can be bad;life can be good;life can be dirty;life can be sad,;life can even be painful.In my mind’s eye, a person can make his life beautiful, meaningful and rewarding and stand out as a respectable personage if he is motivated by a well-orientated ambition

(464 words)

考研英语小作文和大作文备考经验谈

作文历来是研究生入学考试的重中之重，每年都有无数考研英豪难过英语关，从而与成功一步之遥，失之交臂。在名目繁多的辅导机构的海报满天飞与媒体炒作日渐升温时，如何一方面保持清醒的头脑，一方面找到适合自己并且针对行之有效的学习方法，才是真正关键的问题。本文将重点给各位网友讲讲考研英语小作文、大作文的备考技巧经验。

一、应用文（小作文）

应用文写作要求考生在三个方面完成要求：一要注意把握信息点；第二是把握语言点，内容要十分明确，不要出现过多的错误；第三是要注意格式和语言。一是掌握格式的线条，主要是掌握两种大的文类，一个是正式文体，一个是非正式文体。如果应用文涉及的是商务或者公务之类较正式的东西，那么语言表达的时候也得注意格式和书面化、规范化；如果要求写便条给朋友的话，就应当用主语化的表达方式。

这几个方面注意了，就可以很大地缓解难度。应用文的字数要求是100个字，大概8句话，8句话怎么分配呢？第一段就写一句话，第一句话表明你写信的基本内容：如果是询问信息的话，就说你写这封信要询问以下几个问题；如果是投诉，就说写这封信是要表达对什么东西的不满；如果是请求信，就说写这封信想要请求什么东西就可以了。总之，就一句话，简明扼要。然后，用简练的语言表达清楚题目要求表达的内容和信息。最后一句话，就是一个礼貌的结尾。

二、大作文

大作文的写作一般会给考生写作提纲，或图表、图画，或图文并茂。命题方式虽然多样，但题目涉及面往往是考生比较熟悉的内容，目的是测定考生语言的实际应用能力。要求表达清楚，文字连贯，中心突出，内容丰富，句式多变，句子结构和用词正确。

语言的应用能力不可能一蹴而就，必须厚积薄发，必须经过长期的实践锻炼。如何提高英语写作能力呢？一是要背大量的优秀范文，整段整篇地背，并转换为自己的语言，写作时才能随心所欲地支配。考试时避免套用以前死记硬背的几个范文，把一些词不达意的词堆积在一起，没有统一性，无法很好地表现主题。

二是要多动手。包括对背过的文章进行词语替换、句式转换、句子重组等，以及对某一主题展开写作。多动手才能提高笔下功夫，才能保证在考场上顺利写作。可以说背诵范文是培养语感、积累素材、掌握写作方法的途径，动手写作则是实践，是最终目的，这两者结合起来，就是“理论联系了实际”。另外，背诵范文应有针对性，写作训练也是一样，在训练中要掌握每一类型作文的写作规律，根据其写作特点(如提纲式作文就要求考生根据提纲提示的思路和规定的要点展开段落)进行全面训练。但是，注意不要带有押题的心理，靠背几篇范文就能应付考试的心态是不可取的。很多高分考生认为，背诵《新概念英语》第三册，熟练掌握其中的各种表达方式，并坚持每天进行英语随笔练习，对于提高英语写作能力十分有益。

三、应试技巧

1、认真审题

作文第一步是仔细审题，考生要仔细阅读试题要求及相关信息，如图表、图画、数字等，准确把握出题者意图。考研作文忌信手拈来，提笔就写，根本不审题，想到哪儿就写到哪儿，或完全凭自己想象编故事，置考试要求于不顾，“下笔千言，离题万里”。比如1998年考研作文是一幅卡通画，老母鸡申明外加一首打油诗，讽刺一些企业把该尽职之事作为推销产品的承诺。2000年的作文“a brief history of world commercial fishing”，它给出了两张图，从1900年的渔船和鱼量之比到1995年的渔船和鱼量之比的变化谈如何保护渔业资源，应从商业性滥捕鱼这一主题展开话题，有的考生却大谈环境污染。这就偏离了主题，因为题中自始至终都没有谈到环境污染问题。

有的同学没有审题习惯，或担心时间不够草草审题，最后文不对题，草草收场，这必然会影响英语成绩，同时也会影响后两门考试的心情。

2、列出提纲

考试规定的时间是很有限的，所以不能花太多时间准备一个详细的提纲，但关键词提纲或粗略提纲还是非常有必要的。对原始材料分析归纳后要形成一个基本的框架。文章打算分几段写，每段大概怎样写，字数控制在多少，开头段落是道破主题、点明要旨、引人入胜还是先给出主题一般的背景情况和对主题进行浓缩的陈述，中间段落和结尾又怎样写，等等，这些都要心中有数。有的考生习惯用汉语构思文章，逐句翻译提纲，当碰到某个词卡住时就翻译不下去，僵在那里。要注意列提纲是为了更好更全面地表达主题。主题的表达可有多种形式，不一定非要寻找一个特定的词或句子。考试时考生要充分调动大脑，灵活运用以前所学知识。

3、开始写作

一篇文章往往由四部分组成：标题(title)，首段(opening paragraph),主体(body paragraph),结尾段(concluding paragraph)。标题要新颖，能引起读者兴趣。首段的内容根据文章的体裁而变化：比如议论文可以从一种现象、一种观点出发引出作者的观点，记叙文往往交代人物和故事背景。主体是文章的主要部分，通过合适的语篇模式表达一定的观点，考生要围绕中心按一定顺序分层次有重点地展开叙述、描写和议论。结尾段是对全文的总结，论点上要与前面的叙述保持一致

写好英语文章的20字诀

Agreement: 主语和谓语在人称、数上的一致，关系代词与先行词的一致。Ambiguity: 尽量不去使用可能引起歧义的词语或句子。Brief: 文章“简为贵”，要抓住要点，简明扼要。Coherence: 文理通顺，前后连贯。

Development: 主题的发挥应当充分、合理、正确。

Division: 词汇、句子、段落要分配使用得当，划分要清楚，避免使用重复字句和种子片段。Figures: 正确合理使用各类修辞格式。Inflated diction: 不使用做作的语言。Key: 用适当的关键词突出主题，每段都应有主题句。Logical: 内容要符合逻辑。

Message: 信息要新鲜、确实、可信。Omit: 合理删除多余的不必要部分。

Proposition: 主张、观点、论述要清楚肯切、合情入理。Punctuation: 正确适时使用标点符号。Relevant: 文章一定要要题。

Sentence pattern: 句型要尽量多样化。Strait: 开门见山，直来直去。

Style: 文体恰切，适合内容要求。

Tense: 动词时态要正确、一致、变化合理。Theme: 选题得当，主题突出

坚持八条英文写作守则

1.Organize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc.下笔前整合思绪：脑力激荡，写出纲要等。

2.Write clearly.Be concise.Avoid wordiness.写作清晰，务必精简，避免赘言。

3.Use good grammar and write complete sentences.使用好的文法，写出完整句子。

4.Write simple sentences.Avoid a fancy style.尝试简单句，避免花俏的句法。

5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words.避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。

6.Avoid use of the first person(i.e.I/me/my)unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要，避免使用第一人称：如“我/我的”。

7.Writing naturally.Read it aloud.Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒，大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗？通顺吗？

8.Move logically from one idea to the next.Don't skip steps.上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。

谈英语作文的“写”与“作”

绝大多数的英语学习者，一想到写英语作文，就会头“大”。他们常常苦思冥想，然后草草而就，只求按时“交差”，别的就顾不上了。这种状态下炮制出来的“大作”，其质量可想而知。

对初学者而言，一篇英语作文的过程，至少应该包括两个阶段，“写”与“作”。

所谓“写”的过程应该与中文写作没有很大区别，无非是扣题，构思，表述。惟一要特别注意的是，我们写英语作文时，一般要求的字数比较少，所以我们在文章的结构上更须注意突出重点，集中火力。在非重点部分，不要随便发挥，而应该尽量直奔主题。以本次征文比赛为例，题目是The English Teacher I Admire Most，那么文章的重点应该是讲述why I admire him/her，what is so special about him/her，what I see in him/her，what has made him/her such a wonderful teacher等等，你可以状貌，但主要应该是“写神”，状貌应该简短，应该只起铺垫的作用。写这篇文章当然离不开叙事，全文可能叙述一件或多件事，那么这一件或多件事各自所占的分量应该有分寸，使整篇文章保持平衡。叙事时应该直奔主旨。英语写作的传统非常注重所谓的topic sentence——能够统摄全文或者全段的句子。这个句子最好出现在文章的开头，然后在文章的结尾处用不同的表述呼应这个句子。例如，有一篇应征例文的第一句是这样的：She takes us into the magical English world。这就是一个非常有力的topic sentence。这一个句子就足可吸引读者，让读者相信作者心中对她确实有一种毫无保留甚或“五体投地”的admiration，接下来就会有兴趣了解她究竟有怎样的magic power，让学生如此着迷。这篇文章的结句是her charisma(魅力)is unbelievable，非常有力度，charisma与unbelievable两个词巧妙地呼应了magic这个词。文章需要topic sentence，每个段落最好也要有这样非常powerful的topic sentence。构思完成以后，就是落笔表述的过程。这个过程应该迅速，最好能够一气呼成，不要过多地顾忌是否犯了语法错误，或者表述是否清楚。不要犹犹豫豫，一步三回头，因为在完成了

“写”以后，你还有一个“作”的过程。所谓“作”，就是“精雕细作”。英语初学者常常觉得自己“眼高手低”，想表述的意思难以成文，本来很精致的“意”却表现为颇为笨拙的“文”。这当然与我们掌握的词汇有限相关。但是，我们有限的词汇与表达，经过适当的调度与搭配，还是可以“作”出好文章来的。

我们在写完初稿以后，不妨让自己的好友读一下，看看他是否明白文章的每一个句子。因为作者自己常常把想到而没有表述出来的信息也read into the article，因此不容易发现表述不清的问题。

处理完了表述问题以后，就进入“深加工”阶段。英语写作最强调韵律感，即使是高深的学术文章，读起来常常也会很有“乐感”。这种“乐感”主要来自于句子结构的变化与组合。简而言之，就是长短结合，错落有致。英语的句子结构变化比较多，但我们在写作时受汉语的影响很深，写出的句子常常整齐划一，缺少变化。我们在加工时，就要有意地想：某几个简单句能加工成一个复合句或者复杂句；我们的每一个句子的主语是否都是“人”(从头到尾都是he或者we)，是否可以用一个抽象名词或者一个ing结构来充当其中某些句子的主语，以此构成主语的变化；在一个“意群”中，是否每个句子都是以主语开始；是否每个句子的谓语动词都是简单的一个动词，能否把其中的某一个或几个改成词组；能否构成一个又一个“短句+长句+短句”的意群组合；对于每一个表述，都可以想一下，这种表述是否太中文化，英语是否有更简单的表达。

某个大诗人曾经说过：诗是“写”出来的，而不应该是“作”出来的。但对我们英语初学者而言，在练习时，还是应该一次又一次地、有意识地经历这样的“作”的过程。“作”多了，方能在“临战”时潇洒地“写”。(作者:梁凯文,华东师大英语系副教授)

英语写作中的“结构重组”问题 各类考试中英语写作虽有模板可循，究其实质，仍是汉译英。任何一名考生在英语写作中，难逃“汉译英”的逻辑套路，所走思路一般为先胸中形成汉语意思，再将汉语意思转换为英文，即便英语素养较高的考生，在两者转换过程中没有时间差，出手即英文也是不太可能的。就在这一转换过程中，尽显英雄本色，英语英雄者，妙笔生花，出手不凡；英语笨拙者，最后只能造出个不中不洋的拙劣句子。我们可以给汉译英一个重新定位：包含所有语言信息的一种结构再造。具体说来就是面对一句中文，翻译时要打乱原有语序和结构，自行设计，重组语言信息，无限靠近原汁原味的英语，姑且将这种方法称之为“结构重组”。这一点是基于这么一个事实：英语跟中文的语序和结构不尽一样。下面举例说明：

（1）简单句类（所谓简单句，即是含有一个动词的句子）

看一例：他嗓门大。最容易翻译成：His voice is loud.评语：超级直白

而更好的翻译是：He has a loud voice.其实就成了 他有一个大嗓门。如果第一步便翻译成he has a loud voice，恭喜，你就被归入少数具备英语思维的高手类了，就这么简单。

对策：多多积攒类似例句，然后多多模仿。

试一个：她身材好，便可翻译成：She has a good figure.（2）复杂句类

看一例：我抬头一看，只见一群衣衫褴褛的孩子，默默无声得站于四周，观看着我俩进餐。

按照原文语序很容易翻成：I looked up and saw that a group of children in rags surrounding us silently and seeing us eating dinner.评语：直白，动词堆砌，不流畅。

先准备语言信息：抬头一看：look up；衣衫褴褛的孩子：children in rags；默默：silently；观看：look at。最后范文是：Looking up, I saw that we were surrounded by children in rags who were looking at us as we ate.（新概念3 第48课line35-36）

分析：范文用到了现在分词作伴随状语（looking up,），主动意思由被动形式表达，（were surrounded by）并设计出一个定语从句来（who were looking at us as we ate）原文中看不出来定语（….的）痕迹。

对策，含有多个动词的句子，将动词进行主次区分，次要动词非谓语化，主要动词谓语化，附带从句设计，定语从句首当其冲现行被考虑。

总之，写句子时，不要立马下手，凝神定气，多三思，在结构安排上有所建树和创新，大胆

将信息重组，结构优化，力图写出地道的英文句子，这是个长期的功夫。

最后建议学员可将新概念2，3 册拿来做汉译英的练习，将每篇课文的中文译文试着翻译成英文，再与原文对照，个中差距，一对照即晓个清楚。

怎样获得英语专业四级考试写作高分

(一)写作题的性质

写作是人们表达思想的一种重要手段，我们称之为comprehensive test的综合测试，体现的是学生综合运用语言的能力。因为它不仅考核考生对词汇的掌握、对语法的应用，同时也考查了学生的表达能力、思维的逻辑性和条理性。我们知道，学习英语需掌握四种技能：听、说、读、写。听和读是语言的input(输入)过程，因而对于听力和阅读的测试是考查学习者的被动英文技能；说和写是语言的output(输出)过程，对于口语和写作的测试则是考查学习者的主动英文技能。学习者的被动英文水平往往高于主动英文水平，因此听力理解材料的难度往往大于口语的内容，阅读理解材料的难度往往要大于写作。由此可见，在经过两年基础专业课的学习后，学习者应该将重点放在把被动英文水平转化成主动英文水平上。一旦我们的大脑有了大量的语言输出之后，就能达到出口成章、下笔有神的境界。

(二)英语专业四级写作要求

(1)能根据各种不同的听读材料笔头回答问题，复述内容写摘要、写提纲和记笔记。

(2)能根据题目列出写作提纲，在一小时内写出200～250词的短文。

以上均要求做到内容完整、条理清楚，语法基本正确，语言通顺恰当。

(3)能写一般的书信、通知、便条、请帖，填写简单的表格，格式正确，语言得体。

写作课培养学生初步写作能力，包括提纲、文章摘要、短文以及最简单的常用应用文。

(三)考试大纲对英语专业写作的要求和规定

(1)测试目的：按照英语专业基础阶段英语教学大纲的要求，检查学生在基础阶 段末期的英语写作能力。

(2)题型：主观试题，分为Section A和Section B两个部分。

Section A: Composition写作文

Section B: Note-writing写便条

(3)测试要求：

a)作文。要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写一篇150词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。

b)便条。要求根据提示写大约50～60词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。

(四)英语专业四级写作的评分标准

1.作文的评分标准

(1)文章内容切题、丰富，文章通顺，表达清楚。

(2)行文流畅。

(3)组织严密，逻辑性强。

(4)句型多样化，句法结构正确。

(5)用词得体、恰当、丰富。

(6)语法正确。

(7)拼写及标点正确，书写整洁。

(五)高分密招

很多学习者翻开作文书籍，就如同想打开一本武功秘籍，只希望看到5个字母trick(技巧)。技巧固然十分重要，但在应试准备中，常常需要70%的基础和30%的技巧。这里要提醒 大家的是，不可高估技巧的作用，犹如在武打片中，要想得到某某宝典和剑法，是需要付出惨痛的代价的。

1.在考场中，常常感到无话可说，该怎么办? 的确，在考场中有些考生由于紧张，常常会出现大脑一片空白，在10分钟之内动不了笔。对于这种在考场中思维短路的现象，有两种对策。

对策一：逆向思维法。考生在拿到一个作文话题、但不知该如何动笔时，可以去联想有关该 话题的具体事件，从具体事件中提炼出观点，再将观点反弹回去，即topic具体事件观点。例如看到The Advantage and Disadvantage of TV这个文章题目时，如果不知如何下笔，可以去联想一些具体的电视节目。一提到电视节目，就会自然而然地想到《新闻联播》。《新闻联播》有哪些好处呢?当然是开拓视野，了解世界。同时，还会联想到一些暴力片和色情片，它们对儿童的身心健康发展不利。

对策二：正说反说法。考生在写作中感到观点空洞茫然，不易理论清楚，甚至不知从何谈起时，可以从正、反两个方面对议题进行“摆事实，讲道理”，即“如果这样，就会怎么样； 如果不这样，又会怎么样”。

2.在写作中，遇到不会表达的词语该怎么办?

对于母语是中文的学习者，其中文词汇量往往大于英文词汇量，在英文写作中遇到不能表 达的词语是最正常不过的事情了。但有的考生在遇到不会拼写的单词时，往往绞尽脑汁，冥思苦想，结果造成思维短路，得不偿失。其实，对于这种情况，也有两种对策。

对策一：用其近义词代替。

如在写Student Use of Computer这篇作文时，很多同学以“在 最近10年里，学生使用电脑的小时数一直在增加”这句话来开头。“10年”可以用decade表 示，“增加”可以用ascend表示。但是不知道这两个词或对于它们的拼写没有把握时，可用 其近义词表示，如“10年”直接用ten years就可以，“增加”还可用increase, go up, rise, grow, jump, climb等。在这个时候，考生必须遵守“宁为瓦全，不可玉碎”的原则。这就要求在平时注意多收集一些同义词。如在每一篇作文中都会用到的一个单词“认为”，英文中有很多单词来表达此义，如think, agree, claim, maintain, argue, believe, h old, suggest, view…as, regard…as, consider…(as)。又如另一个单词“目前，最近”，可用nowadays, these years, recently, lately, currently, at present。此外，同义词的收集与运用有助于考生在写作中用词多样化。

对策二：当考生在写作中，既找不到该词 的近义词，又不能用解释性的语言进行阐述时，考生可以考虑用其上义词或下义词来代替。

上义词是对事物的概括性、抽象性说明；下义词是事物的具体表现形式。如Owing a Car这 篇文章谈到拥有汽车的弊端，其中有一点是汽车会排放出一氧化碳(carbon oxide)和二氧化 碳(carbon dioxide),对空气造成污染。当然，如果不知道如何拼写，更不知该如何去 释义一氧化碳和二氧化碳时，可以用它们的上义词poisonous gases来表示，因为不 论是一氧化碳还是二氧化碳都是有毒气体。又如Getting to Know the World Outside the Campus(大学生该如何走出校园了解世界)，提纲的第二点要求是大学生了解社会的途径(大众媒体、社会服务等)。“大众媒体”为mass media，“社会服务”为social service。如果考生不会表达，但是在提纲里又明确规定不能不写时，可以用其下义词来代替。大众媒 体的具体表现形式是TV，radio, newspaper, internet；社会服务的具体表现形式则为par t|time job, tutoring等。因而，考生在写作中遇到不会表达的单词时，应该沉着冷静，考虑用其近义词、上义词或下义词来代替。

如何给阅卷老师留下美好的第一印象

要想作文获得高分，显而易见就是要给阅卷老师留下美好的印象。老师们的阅卷过程是郁闷枯燥的。使自己的文章在大约1分钟的阅读时间内，迅速地在他们的脑海中形成较多的兴奋点，是至关重要的。

首先，作文的写作时间为35分钟，合理的时间安排为10+20+5，前面的10分钟用来读题审题，构思并列提纲，接着的20分钟用来按照提纲写作，最后5分钟用来检查及润色。合理的时 间安排是写出优秀 作文的必不可少的第一步。

其次，卷面的设置。要想让阅卷老师对你的作文试卷有一种赏心悦目的感觉，作文的排版应该不多于2/3，不少于1/3，要留有余地，不要将卷面写得密密麻麻。字体不要过大或过小。字迹要工整。段落方面，英语专业四级考试作文的特点决定了作文写法的基本框架为三段论。俗话说，事不过三，超过了三段后就会让人感到过于繁琐。并且应当注意的是，每段开头都应该有缩进，留有两个单词的位置。

再次，除了形式之外，作文 的内容也尤其重要。阅卷老师阅卷一般是从第一段看语言，从第二段看结构。这就要求考生 的作文开头部分以及每一段的第一句一定要写得像英文，不要出现任何的拼写或语法错误。除了语言的地道外，还要求作文有层次感。可以用一系列表示逻辑关系的连词，即路标 词来表示思路的清晰，如and, however, furthermore,also, what"s more等。此外，还可 以用对等的句式结构，如for one thing, for another； On the one hand, on the other hand等来增加文章的层次感。总之，议论文对语言的要求主要体现在三个方面：①用 恰当的逻辑词表现文章的逻辑性。②要注意自然段与主题句的运用，即用自然段表现出文章 的逻辑性，并在每段中用主题句说明要点，给人一目了然的感觉。③要注意句型结构，注意 每句的重心和句与句之间的衔接，使句意一环扣一环，避免松散。

便条的写作

便条是一种简单的书信形式。要求学生仔细阅读和分析所给的情景，确定便条所涉及的内容，如写便条者与便条接收者的身份、两者之间的关系及情景的正式程度等。便条的特点在于内容简短，大多是临时性的询问、留言、通知、要求等。与正规书信相比，便条的语言更为口语化。有急事需告诉别人而又不能面谈时，就可以写便条，如请假条、留言条等。一般不写地址，与普通书信基本相同。结尾时也无需要结尾礼词，只需要写上便条者姓名。便条的日期一般只要写上星期几，也可以写明上午、下午的具体时间。便条具有用途广泛、形式简单、文字要求不十分严格的特点。

Should higher education be available to all students or only to good students? TOPIC:

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students.Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students.Discuss these views.Which view do you agree with? Explain why.Some people believe that only good students should have access to a university education.Others posit that higher education should be open to everyone, regardless of their academic abilities.I agree with the former opinion.Universities should only allow good students into their programs because these students value the importance of a good education and are interested in furthering their education.Furthermore, if all students were allowed into universities, the schools would quickly become saturated, and the quality of education received would diminish.A university education is very important to a good student.This type of student has set his/her sights on a university education from early on, and has put in the necessary work to earn a place in a good university.Poor students who did not try to achieve good grades in high school obviously do not care about their education, and therefore, do not deserve to go to university.However, if these poor students go back to school and improve their grades, they should also be allowed to go to university.Good students are very interested in furthering their education.They have put copious amounts of work into their education, and are interested in learning more.Poor students are usually not as interested in furthering their education.If they were interested in this, they would have tried harder to begin with.With that said, let us suppose for a moment that universities did allow all students, regardless of their grades, into university.The school would quickly become overfull, and good students, who really care about their education, would suffer because of it.They might not be able to get into the classes they want, and if they do get in, there might be so many students in the class that it is impossible to learn.In conclusion, I think that it is important to save a university education for those who really want it-good students.If a poor student wishes to go to university, then he/she will have to return to high school and improve his/her grades.TOPIC: [命题作文欣赏] Should schools ask students to evaluate their teachers?

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers.Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Teachers have a very difficult job in society.They not only have to learn how to teach material effectively, but also must learn how to deal with a wide variety of personalities.While teaching is a difficult job, I think it is important for schools to ask students to evaluate their teachers.I think this is the right thing to do because it encourages teachers to try their best, it gives students the opportunity to choose effective teachers, and it allows the schools to have the best teachers possible teaching.If a teacher knows that at the end of the term, the students will be evaluating his/her work, then the teacher will be driven to do a very good job.If there is no pressure from evaluation, a teacher might be prone to doing a less than perfect job.I believe that everyone needs an occasional evaluation to ensure they are doing their job correctly.In the case of a teacher, the students will give the most important evaluations.If there was a public summary of which teacher scored the highest on his/her evaluations, then students would be able to take courses based on which teacher was the best at the job.This would allow students to excel in their studies, and achieve better grades.Finally, if schools ask students to evaluate their teachers, the schools themselves would be able to have the best teachers working on campus.If a teacher scored too low on an evaluation, a replacement could be found.This is a much better method than waiting for students to complain about a teacher.Teachers do have a difficult job, but regardless of this, they must excel at it.If a person is a particularly poor teacher, the students will not learn the required material, and suffer for it.

第三篇：专业英语写作小抄

(1)It allows developers to write managed code in the Java language, controlling the device via Google-developed Java libraries.(1)它允许开发者用Java语言编写托管代码，通过谷歌开发的Java库来控制设备。

(2)The unveiling of the Android distribution on 5 November 2007 was announced with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 47

hardware, software, andtelecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.（2）2007年11月5日Android发布的揭幕宣布了开放手机联盟的成立，这是一个由47个硬件、软件以及电信公司组成的致力于推动开放手持设备标准的组织。

(3)In July 2005, Google acquired Android, Inc., a small startup company based in Palo Alto, California, USA.（3）2005年7月谷歌收购了Android公司，一个总部坐落于美国加州帕洛阿尔托的刚刚起步的小公司。

(2)At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile device platform powered by the Linux kernel which they marketed to handset makers

and carriers on the premise of providing a flexible, upgradeable system.（4）在谷歌，由Rubin领导的小组开发出一款基于Linux内核的移动设备平台，在基于提供灵活可更新的系统的前提下，他们将之销售给手

机制造商和运营商。

(3)It was reported that Google had already lined up a series of hardware component and software partners and signaled to carriers that it was

open to various degrees of cooperation on their part.（5）据报道，谷歌已经将硬件和软件方面的合作伙伴分门别类并且示意运营商会基于对方开放不同程度的合作。

(6)Reports from the BBC and The Wall Street Journal noted that Google wanted its search and applications on mobile phones and it was working

hard to deliver that.（6）据BBC和《华尔街日报》报道谷歌想将它的搜索以及应用植入手机并正在努力的为之付诸实践。

(7)Print and online media outlets soon reported rumors that Google was developing a Google-branded handset.（7）报纸和网络媒体很快报道了谷歌正在开发自有品牌手机的传言。

(8)More speculation followed reporting that as Google was defining technical specifications, it was showing prototypes to cell phone manufacturers

and network operators.（8）更多的猜测紧随报道，谷歌正在定义技术标准并且正在向手机制造商和网络运营商展示的手机原型。

(1)As long as the deleted data has not been overwritten by new data, it can be found, reconstituted and recovered.Therefore the quicker you can get the

affected hard disk or partition, the higher your possibility of retrieving 100% of your deleted data back is.As the advancement of technology, the volume of storage device has markedly expanded, as a result leading to correspondingly higher risks of losing more

precious and valuable data and files in circumstance partition in which you store data and files is damaged.MiniTool Solution Ltd., producer of MiniTool Power Data Recovery, has dedicated to provide affordable, easy-to-use software and support to allow users

to recover their lost data without sending their media to expensive data recovery service.（1）只要被删除的数据没有被新的数据所覆盖，它就可以被找到，重建并恢复。因此越是尽快的找到受影响的硬盘或者分区，完全恢复你被删除的数据的可能性就越大。

随着科技的发展，存储设备的容量显著增加，结果导致当你分区存储的数据或文件受损时，丢失更多宝贵且有价值数据的可能性相应的更

高。

MiniTool Solution有限公司是MiniTool Power Data Recover的生产者，它一直致力于提供价廉、易用的软件并且支持允许用户不用将设备送至昂贵的数据恢复机构就可以进行数据恢复。

(2)Like other similar software, MiniTool Power Data Recovery, enjoying a size of less than 5MB, is veritably a MiniTool.（2）向其他小软件一样，MiniTool Power Data Recovery只有不到5MB大小，是一款货真价实的小工具。

RIAs generally split the processing across the Internet/network divide by locating the user interface and related activity and capability on the client

side, and the data manipulation and operation on the application server side.（1）富互联网应用通常通过互联网或者网络来进行处理，它分为位于用户交互界面用于处理用户活动的客户端，以及数据计算程序操作的服

务器端。

The sandbox limits visibility and access to the file and operating system on the client to the application server on the other side of the connection.This approach allows the client system to handle local activities, calculations, reformatting and so forth, thereby lowering the amount and frequency of

client-server traffic, especially as compared to the client-server implementations built around so-called thin clients.沙箱技术能够限制客户端文件以及操作系统对与之相连的服务器端的可见可接入性，这种处理方式能够允许客户端独自处理本地活动，计算，格

式修改等，因此减少了客户端与服务器端的通信频率以及总量。尤其是与所谓的基于c/s技术部署的精简型客户端相比。

One distinguishing feature of an RIA(in contrast to other Web-based applications)is the client engine that intermediates between the user and the

application server.The client engine downloads when the RIA launches.The engine can be augmented during subsequent operation with additional

downloads in which the engine acts as a browser extension to handle the user interface and server communications.RIA一个明显的特点（与其他基于网络的应用相比）是在用户端以及客户端交互协调的客户端引擎，当RIA启用时客户端引擎就会开始下载数

据，随着用户随后的操作，客户端引擎会下载更多的数据，并以此扩展，扮演负责客户端和服务器端的通信浏览器扩展组件的角色。

The iPad is Apple’s new tablet computer.Steven P.Jobs positioned the iPad as a device that sits between the laptop and the smart phone-and which does certain things better than both

of them, like browsing the Web, reading e-books and playing video.There was enormous anticipation leading up to its release on Jan.27, 2010.Media

companies hoped that the device would finally lead to a viable way for them to charge for news, books and other material.The iPad’s features and specifications, once the stuff of Internet myth, are now sharply in focus: The half-inch thick, 1.5-pound device will

feature a 9.7-inch multi-touch screen and is powered by a customized Apple microchip, which it has dubbed A4.The iPad will have the same

operating system as the iPhone and access to its 140,000 applications.The price of the device will start at $499 for the most basic model, with a Wi-Fi wireless connection.More expensive models will be offered with

more memory and with 3G wireless access from AT&T, which will charge up to $30 for an unlimited monthly data plan.The device lacks a camera, the ability to make phone calls and does not work with the ubiquitous Flash software that runs many Web sites.Apple

is selling accessories like a stand and a keyboard.The iPad puts Apple on a direct collision course with Amazon.Mr.Jobs credited Amazon with pioneering the category with the Kindle, but said

“we are going to stand on their shoulders and go a little bit farther.”

iPad是苹果的新款平板电脑。

乔布斯将iPad定位于一款介于笔记本电脑和智能手机之间并且在网络浏览，电子书阅读以及视频播放等方面明显优于二者的设备。众多的期望致使其2010年1月27日的发布。传媒公司希望这款设备能够最终为他们对新闻，书籍以及其他材料进行收费提供可行的途径。

iPad的功能与规格曾经是互联网上虚构的东西，而现在成为万众瞩目的焦点:这款半英寸厚1.5英镑重的设备配置一块9.7英寸的多点触控屏幕，使用一块被称作A4的定制苹果芯片。iPad将会采用与iPhone相同的操作系统，能够适用iPhone的140000个应用程序。

这款设备的价格将会499美元起，基本机型配有Wi-Fi无线连接。更贵的机型将会提供更多的储存空间以及AT&T的3G无线接入，这将会每月

收取高达30美元的不限流量套餐费用。

这款设备没有配备照相，打电话的功能，并且不能与运行于许多网站随处可见的Flash软件兼容。苹果公司同时销售配件像支架，键盘。

iPad将苹果公司置于与亚马逊公司正面竞争的的局面。乔布斯先生肯定了亚马逊公司Kidle的先驱作用，同时说：“我们将会站在他们的肩膀，并且走得更远一点。”

Web services(sometimes called application services)are services(usually including some combination of programming and data, but possibly including human resourcesas well)that are made available from a business's Web server for Web users or other Web-connected programs.Web services range from such major services as

storage management and customer relationship management(CRM)down to much more limited services such as the furnishing of a stock quote and the checking of bidsfor an auction item

Users can access some Web services through a peer-to-peer arrangement rather than by going to a central server.Some services can communicate

with other services and this exchange of procedures and data is generally enabled by a class of software known as middleware.(1)网络服务（有时称作应用服务）是由商业的网络服务器向网络用户或者网络接入的程序提供的服务（通常包含一些程序或数据的接入，但是也可

能包含人力资源）。

(2)网络服务的范围从存储管理和客户关系管理这样一些主要的服务到限制性更多的服务，如提供股票报价以及查询拍卖物品的竞拍情况。

(3)用户可以通过端到端的方式获取一些网络服务而不必接入中心服务器。一些服务可以和其他服务进行交互，这些程序和数据的交互通常

是由一类叫做中间件的软件来实现

第四篇：四级写作

一.对比观点题型

(1)要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。

1.有一些人认为……

累了,休息下,去考试大在线网上辅导逛逛

2.另一些人认为……

3.我的看法……

The topic of ①________(主题)is becoming more and more popular recently.There are two sides of opinions of it.Some people say A is their favorite.They hold their view for the reason of ②________(支持A的理由一)What is more, ③________(理由二).Moreover, ④________(理由三).While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons.Firstly,________(支持B的理由一).Secondly(besides),⑥____________(理由二).Thirdly(finally),⑦____________(理由三).From my point of view, I think ⑧________(我的观点).The reason is that ⑨____________(原因).As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice.For me, the former is surely a wise choice.(2)给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that ①________(观点一).For example, they think ②________(举例说明).And it will bring them ③________(为他们带来的好处).In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point.For one thing,④____(我不同意该看法的理由一).For another thing, ⑤____(反对的理由之二).Form all what I have said,I agree to the thought that ⑥____(我对文章所讨论主题的看法).英语六级考试写作技巧

二.阐述主题题型

要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述.1.阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义.2.分析并举例使其更充实.The good old proverb ________(名言或谚语)reminds us that ________(释义).Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,________(理由一).For example, ____________(举例说明).Secondly,________(理由二).Another case is that ________(举例说明).Furthermore , ____________(理由三).英语四级英译汉的目的,要求和评分

In my opinion, ________(我的观点).In short, whatever you do, please remember the say____A.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you”ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.三.解决方法题型

要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径

1.问题现状英语四级英译汉的目的,要求和评分

2.怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)

In recent days, we have to face I problem——A, which is becoming more and more serious.First, ________(说明A的现状).Second, ________(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing, ________(解决方法一).For another ________(解决方法二).Finally, ________(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that ________(我的解决方法).Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ________(带来的好处).四.说明利弊题型

这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)

1.说明事物现状

2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)

3.你对现状(或前景)的看法

Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life.Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows.First ________(A的优点之一).Besides ____________(A的优点之二).But every coin has two sides.The negative aspects are also apparent.One of the important disadvantages is that ________(A的第一个缺点).To make matters worse,____________(A的第二个缺点).Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones.Therefore, I would like to ________(我的看法).(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in.Only by this way, ________(对前景的预测).五.议论文的框架

(1)不同观点列举型(选择型)

There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文题目_____.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.A majority of people think that _ 观点一________.In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.So it goes without saying

that ___观点一_____.People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter.Some people hold the idea that ___观点二_______.In their point of view, on the one hand，___原因一_______.On the other hand, ____原因二_____.Therefore, there is no doubt that ___观点二______.As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __观点一或二______.It is not only because ________, but also because _________.The more _______, the more ________.(2)利弊型的议论文

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)___作文题目______.In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __题目议题_____.Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly, ___优点一______.And secondly ___优点二_____.Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin has two sides”, __讨论议题______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects.To begin with, ___缺点一______.In addition, ____ 缺点二______.To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __讨论议题____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____讨论议题___.(3)答题性议论文

Currently, there is a widespread concern over(the issue that)__作文题目_______.It is really an important concern to every one of us.As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.英语四级英译汉的目的,要求和评分

As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem.First of all, __途径一______.In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途径二_____.Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文题目______, we should find a number of various ways.But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.(4)谚语警句性议论文

It is well know to us that the proverb: “ ___谚语_______” has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study.It means ____谚语的含义_______.The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows.(also theoretically)

A case in point is ___例子一______.Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____谚语_____.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____谚语_____.The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.as is indicated above......there is.....in the picture,it is obvious that,by diagramwe know that.for the reason if we realize that we firstly should,secondly we ,not only do webut, in the end it is essential that，,we make a conclusion that it is ,it isthat，,to our surprise ,the cartoon show us to sty.ina word ,we believe that

第五篇：四级写作

四级写作

孙子云：“知己知彼，百战不殆”。想在写作考试中获得成功，就必须首先了解四级考试的要求和评分规则。由于新四级考试还没有开始进行，笔者就以一篇根据现行四级写作题目“Do‘Lucky Numbers’Really Bring Good Luck?”写成的学生作文为例来讲述几个最基本的道理。

例文1：

Some people think that certian(拼写错误)numbers will bring good luck to them.Numbers such as six, eight, sixteen and eighteen are regarded as lucky numbers.There are also people who think that their success is related to certain numbers.However, some other people think numbers have nothing to do with their luck.They believe in their own rather than“lucky numbers”.They don't do things according to certain numbers.As far as I am concerned, I think it is a person's own business whether he believes in a certain number or not.The most important thing is that he has done the work by himself and has done it quite well.As to the belief in numbers, it is their(前后指代不一致，应改为his)personal choice.该文章是当年四级考试命题组印发给全国评卷老师的一篇例文，根据15分制的评分标准，这篇例文被评为14分，供全国评卷老师作为评分参考。乍看起来，本文无论从遣词造句还是思想深度，似乎都算不得一篇佳作；但它之所以能够被评为14分，还是有其内在深层次原因的，那就是经常被考生们所忽视的议论文写作常识。简要地讲，可分为以下三个部分：

(一)英文议论文的结构特点

汉语写作对文章结构的要求不是很高，如开头段应该包括什么、论题句应该在什么时候出现、文章的结尾是否必须总结全文等等。而英语写作要求文章结构必须十分严谨，文章各个部分的功能都要十分清晰，开头、中间和结尾都有严格的要求。

简而言之，英语议论文共有三大特点：

1、观点鲜明的开头；

2、紧扣主题的结尾；

3、有主题句并且衔接自然的中间段落。

这三点当中，第1、2点早已为绝大多数中国学生所熟知，因为开头点题和结尾扣题同样也是汉语文章的要求。但在长时间的学习过程中，这样的要求被很多学生以为是“老土”而得不到足够的重视。如果将这种思想带到英语议论文写作当中，直接的后果就是中心分散、观点不明确，加上中国学生普遍英文表达能力不强，这些因素就为整篇文章的失败埋下了隐患。

另外，英语文章和汉语不同的是段落的主题句一定要放在段首，而不能按照中文的写作习惯放在段落的中间或者最后，在英文应试写作中更加如此。正因为没有“主题句”的思想，所以中国学生在写英语文章时经常“想到什么，就写什么”，这在英语议论文中是不能接受的。例如，例文1中每一段的首句都简要地概括出了该段的主要内容，换句话说，每段的内容都是根据首句来展开的，其顺序不能颠倒。

(关于段落的衔接，在后面的内容中将详细介绍。)(二)中心统一

在中心统一这个问题上，英语议论文和汉语议论文的概念也有所不同。中国人在写议论文时常常遵循“中庸”的原则，其具体的表现就是认为世界上没有任何事情是绝对的。当他们在文章中表扬一件事物或一种现象的时候，总要指出其不足；同样，在批评一件事物或一种现象的同时，也总不忘记指出其也有合理之处。这种做法从道理上来讲并没有什么不妥，但却不符合英语议论文的写作习惯，因为英语作家在写议论文时关注的是自己的辩论技巧和其结果对公众的影响力。换句话说，如果作者告诉大家两面都有道理也就等于说两面都没有道理，因为读者在读了文章之后仍旧不知道作者的看法是什么，以及自己在这种情况下到底该怎么做。

所以，既然四级考试考的是英语文章，大家就应该遵循英文议论文的写作思路和习惯：表示支持则旗帜鲜明地支持；表示反对就彻彻底底地反对，而不能采取“墙头草两边倒”的做法。以上面的例文1为例，如果作者的观点是“幸运数字是既有道理又无道理的”，这种观点就无法让人接受，因为在英语议论文中，这是典型的中心不统一

大学英语四级写作常用经典句型

1）主语从句

It is common knowledge that honesty is the best policy.It is well-known that…

It is self-evident/ conceivable / obvious / apparent that…

It goes without saying that… It is universally acknowledged that… It is / that 2）宾（表）语从句 We cannot understand why he was so cruel to his roommates.The problem is not who will go, but who will stay.3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）

As is shown/ demonstrated/ illustrated/ depicted/ described…in the cartoon/ picture/ graph/ table…, There are many reasons why I want to study in your university.It is estimated that tens of billions of pounds spent on cigarettes every year in our country, which is a huge waste.4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等）

When the man is enjoying the cigarette, the smoke becomes a monster（怪物）which will devour him.Whatever the reason, there are still some problems with student use of computers.5）分词短语做定语或状语

Prof.Kang came to our university, giving us a lecture on how to acquire English better.6）倒装句

Only through these measures can we hope to solve the problem.Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic activity known to geologists as hot spots.7）被动句

Some measures should be taken to deal with the problem.He is said to have accomplished a lot of great deeds.Many people believe that…（It is believed that…）8）设问句

Do you still remember the boy who cried wolf for several times so no one would trust him?

大学英语新四级考试写作要求及高分策略(1)一.四级考试对写作的要求

《大学英语教学大纲》和《大学英语课程教学基本要求》都对培养学生的英语写作能力做了明确规定，即学生能在半小时内完成120字左右的短文，包括书信等应用问题写作，要求文理基本通顺，表达思想清楚，无重大语法错误。通过分析历年的真题，我们不难发现：英语作文考查的类型基本包括议论文(一般为三段论式的论说文字)，说明文(目前侧重于这方面的写作训练)，图表作文(要求描述性的语言要贴近图表信息，真实反映语言水平)和应用文写作(包括书信、便条、通知、海报等)。

二.四级改革和写作变化

2005年1月的作文题目是要求学生以导游的身份写一篇演讲稿，不仅包含欢迎辞(表态)行程安排，(说明)，而且包含安排的理由(说理)。2005年6月作文题目是校园文化旅游，要求学生就此阐述不同的观点。2006年1月是个竞选演说，如果我当选学生会主席，我会给大家做点什么事情(说明)。2006年6月17日的四级考试则是一个海报，要求考生构想一个招募志愿者的海报，其中包括应聘人必备的资历和应准备的材料等(说明)。2006年6月24日新题型的作文是传统的议论文形式，讨论大学生选择任课老师相关的问题。2007年1月作文也是传统的议论文形式，探讨对春节晚会所持的不同观点。2007年6月份是欢迎同学加入俱乐部的海报(应用文)。

从上面的题目变化趋势看，描述现象、分析原因、个人看法仍是四、六级考试写作部分主要考查的重点，在今后相当长的时间内，英语写作教学和辅导的主要突破口应集中在说明文、议论文和应用文上。

此外，仔细研究06年6月24日以后的四级试卷，我们还可发现，新四级的写作题目与校园生活密切相关，学生普遍感觉亲切，体裁包括两篇议论文，一篇应用文。不仅如此，新四级写作题中提供的文章框架清晰，思路比较明确，绝大多数考生都能利用“经典句型”或“万能模板”写出及格的作文。尽管新四级前两次都考查了议论文，但这并不能说明写作的重心有任何偏移。根据考试改革方案和课程教学要求的相关规定，应用文写作、说明文和议论文仍将是新四级作文的主攻方向。

三.四级写作高分策略

新四级考试并没有改变对写作的测试标准和要求，但在出题顺序上却做了明显的调整：写作作为第一项考查的内容，被提到新四级试卷的最开头，这令许多考生感觉不适应，部分网友甚至认为这是在折腾考生。其实，提高写作能力虽然较难，但写作教学却是一片大有可为的沃土。在过去十多年的英语写作辅导中，笔者坚持认为：考生如果坚持做到如下几点，就不难在规定的时间内写出一篇成功的英语作文。

1.了解英语写作的测试目的，准确把握题目的要求

英语写作测试，其实主要还是要考查学生组织英语语言的能力，和用英语表达思想的能力，体裁不外乎议论文，说明文和应用文，主题也是在大学生熟知话题基础上的翻新或扩展。综观历年的四级作文真题，变化趋势是从三段论的议论文向实用性更强的应用文体，尤其是书信写作方面倾斜。考生平时应有意识地就他们感兴趣的一些话题进行思考和拓展，争取在实践中磨练敏锐的审题能力。2.迅速梳理写作的思路，列出并借助提纲进行写作

到了大学阶段，学生还是非常善于思考的，他们不仅想象力非常丰富，晚上做梦，还经常daydream, 各有独特的思维和写作思路。但是，如何将千头万绪的思路梳理清楚，学生则必须有真工夫。为此，在进行四级写作时，考生一定要首先形成自己的观点，之后合理运用一些手段，如常用的有四种：陈述理由、举例说明、提供数据、下定义等，之后充分就此展开论说。这样通过高效思考，严密组织，再辅以提纲形式的文章架构，考生一定会写出较符合规范的文章 3.扩展写作提纲，草拟文稿，表述主要观点

在利用提纲展示个人写作思路的基础上，学生还应充分利用现有的英语水平，按照一定的逻辑思路，充分表达个人的观点。写作之初，学生不必字斟句酌，只要脉络清楚，具备轮廓就可以了。草拟文章的过程实际是把思维结果外在化的过程，学生应力争使文章具有连贯性和流畅性。草拟过程的顺利与否，在很大程度上取决于平时训练所达到的水平。许多考生畏惧作文，经常懒于动笔；还有一些考生认为写作很难提高，干脆放弃平时的训练。这些想法都是错误的。为真正提高写作水平，笔者建议大家从开始准备四级的那天起，就应有针对性地分体裁、分话题、分阶段地进行实战模拟，强迫自己一气呵成将文章写完，不必追求完美，不必在乎自己的文稿到底语言有多么不地道或出现多少语法错误。熟能生巧。只要坚持多写、多练，平时注意扩大阅读，写作的水平自然就会提高。

2005年1月CET作文题目

四级作文题目：

A Campaign Speech 你认为自己具备是什么条件（能力，性格，爱好）可以胜任学生会主席工作，如果当选你将会为本校同学做什么？

范文：

Today I am very glad to run for the president of the students‘ union.I am junior in Chemical Department.Since I came into the university, I have always been the monitor of my class.I have done a very good job for my classmates, and my classmates and my tacher all give me a good praise.I am good at communication and organizing.And I like to help others.Moreover, I have a varity of hobbies,for example, basketball, football, pingpong, etc.I am sure that I am qualified for this position.If I become the president, I will try my best to do well.I will organize some siutable activities for you.I will do many things for you to reache your demands as well.I am sincerely hope you will give me a chance, and please believe me that I will be a good president.Thank you.六级作文题目：

1，对病人的简单介绍：目前的病情和家庭情况

2，目前的困难：无法继续承担医疗费用，需要护理

3，希望捐助，联系方式

Your Help Needed 范文： Dear friends，As some of you may know,Lucy,a lovely girl student,a junior from the Department of Fine Arts,has been seriously ill.In fact,she has been suffering from hepatitis, which is very dangerous.This 20-year-old girl comes from a small town in Shangdong province.Her family has tried every means to save her.Now Lucy is in urgent need of operation to her liver transplanted.However, her family is too poor to afford the expenses, which totaled 120,000 yuan.How can a poor family earning 1000 yuan per month afford such high expenses? But the time is limited.They cannot afford to wait to see the disease untouched.So you help is urgently needed.Let's do what we can to save our fellow student.The life of such a lovely girl is in your hand.Your love can save a life.You can contact 2335648 in the daytime and 2335658 at night.2005年6月CET作文题目

四级作文题目：

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay[ IN honour of teachers on the occasion of Teacher's Day].You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1,向老师表达节日祝贺

2,从一件小事来回忆老师的教诲和无私的奉献 3,我如何回报老师的关爱 Teacher's Day 六级作文题目：

In this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Say No to Pirated Products.1.目前盗版的现象比较严重 2.造成这种现象的原因及危害 3.我们应该怎么做？

参考单词：盗版 piracy(n.)盗版产品 pirated products 知识产权 intellectual property rights 侵犯版权 infringe sb's copyright;copyright infringement，Say No to Pirated Products 内容：

1、有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课老师。

2、学生选择老师时所考虑的主要因素是„„

3、学生自选任课老师的益处及可能产生的问题。

As the proverb says, “Knowledge is power.” It is an undeniable fact that a large amount of students prefer to choose their own teachers for certain courses.In fact, some universities allow their students to do so.When choosing a teacher, some factors should be taken into consideration.On one hand, a learned teacher is preferred.After all, for a student, studying is given full priority.A teacher with plentiful knowledge can ease the burden of study for many students and provide them with many opportunities for enlarging their scope of knowledge, while at the same time realizing their potentials.On the other hand, a teacher with a clear and humorous teaching style is favorable.To a large extent, whether a lecture is welcomed by the students or not is depended on the way of delivering rather than its content.No one can deny that interesting interaction is far more enjoyable than monologue.There is a good side and a bad side to everything, including choosing teachers by students.It goes without saying that it can arouse students’ interest in study to the largest extent.Such phenomena as being absent from classes or paying no attention to the classes may vanish.Nevertheless, it cannot be denied that it can bring some side-effects.The management of classes may be in a disorder.Some teachers can be warmly welcomed so the number of the students may be too large while other courses may have few participants.We can conclude that allowing students to choose their own teachers has both positive and negative effects.What we must do is to make sure that the positive ones are encouraged and the negative ones are eliminated as far as possible.春节作文

写春节作文前，我们可以先回忆下过春节是我们参加过的活动，如贴倒福、分压岁钱、吃饺子、掸扬尘、贴年画、贴剪纸、放鞭炮、守岁、给压岁钱、挂千千结、贴春联等，然后挑一个我们印象深刻的上网查些资料，可以到百度搜春节的八个习俗，春节的由来与传说等，也可以上作文网作文素材频道找到相关资料再进行介绍。

作文题目可以自拟，如欢度春节，春节游文庙，除夕之夜，美丽的春节，春节花会

开头部分：大致介绍一下春节，及春节的一些习俗，点明你所要介绍的习俗。（略写）

第二部分：介绍这一习俗的来历、象征意义等，像剪纸、年画、千千结等还可以写写这些物品的种类、样子等。（详细）

第三部分：回忆自己参与这一活动的情景。（详细）结尾结尾部分：写写自己对这一习俗的感受。

每个部分举例：

开头部分：大致介绍一下春节，及春节的一些习俗，点明你所要介绍的习俗。（略写）

例：元宵节是我国的四大节日之一，元宵节一过，春节也就算过完了，所以这一天是非常隆重和热闹的。过元宵节的节目丰富多彩，有充满乐趣的看花灯猜灯谜，有喜气洋洋的舞龙，还有热闹非凡的赛龙船。不过，最吸引我们小孩子的却是那多姿多彩的烟花。

第二部分：介绍这一习俗的来历、象征意义等，像剪纸、年画、千千结等还可以写写这些物品的种类、样子等。（详细）

例：春联代表着欢乐祥和。在我们中国，每逢春节，无论城市还是农村，家家户户都要精选一副大红春联贴在门上，为节日增加喜庆的气氛。一幅幅春联不仅带来了吉祥和祝福，还带来了中国古老的浓浓的文化气息。瞧！“大地春光好，长天晓日红”、“岁岁皆如意，年年尽平安”、“江山万里如画，神州四时皆春”、“春风送春处处***美，喜鹊报喜家家喜事多”…… 幅幅春联让千家万户喜气盈门。春联的种类比较多。按照使用场所，可分为门心、框对、横批、春条、斗方等。因此，贴的位置也不同，如“门心”贴在门板上端中心部位；“横批”贴在门楣的横木上。

第三部分：回忆自己参与这一活动的情景。（详细）

例：记得去年元宵节的晚上爸爸妈妈带我去工人体育馆看烟花。八点整，只听见几声沉闷的声音，一个个烟花带着红红的火星窜上了天空，几声脆响，夜空绽放出几朵美丽的花朵。它们的形状和颜色各不相同，有五颜六色的满天星，金黄色的蒲公英，紫色的牵牛花，火红的玫瑰花，粉红的月季、银色的百合，真是绚丽多彩。随着一声声的炮响，人们在惊呼，在赞叹，夜色中，人们微微扬起的脸上也变幻着多姿的色彩，露出了幸福的笑容……

结尾结尾部分：写写自己对这一习俗的感受。

例：我看着那散发着传统文化芳香的中华结，仿佛品味到了中华民族远古的神秘和东方的灵秀。它的古香古色，它的千变万化，让我神往，让我遐想…… 《春节的街头》

今天，是中国传统节日——春节。早晨我还没醒，就听到了鞭炮的声音。平静的社区，今日显得热闹非凡。这热闹的喧嚣，把我的睡意一股脑的全都打撒开来。于是，起床穿上了新衣服连早饭都来不及吃就冲到门外，看着各家各户的炮竹，烟花。接着就是跟爸爸妈妈一起去走街串巷——拜年！

“李伯伯，新年快乐”“王阿姨，工作顺了”“刘奶奶，身体健康”〃〃〃跟所有的长辈们拜过年之后，妈妈提议说：一会，去街上看看，感受下新年的气氛。

一上街，街上可就更热闹了。人们手里有提着大袋大袋的菜，身边的孩子手上握着一大把小花炮，蹦蹦跳跳地跑着。看！我左边的一位四、五岁左右的小女孩，跑到前面去。一下子又转过头对一位满手是鼓鼓的袋子的大人喊着：“爸爸，快点！我要回去放炮玩呢！”。有拿着那边超市发的小气球的，红的，黄的，绿的，还有蓝的。也有三五成群，手挽着手说说笑笑的姑娘们，小伙子们，忙绿了一年，辛苦了一年，我想这个时候应该是大家最放松，最高兴的时候。你看，路灯上还挂着两个小红灯，喜气洋洋的。就像在说，“我们也要过新年，我们也要过新年”。

一进菜市场，那才更热闹呢！人流窜动，一眼望去，什么也看不见，全是人。还有那翠绿的黄瓜，可真新鲜哪，你看，那金黄色的小花在太阳的照射下显得多么的生机勃勃啊。那鲫鱼，鲢鱼，青鱼，草鱼等等在水里游来游去，真是印证了我们中国的老话：年年有鱼（余）！黄的韭菜，红的番茄，黑的木耳，白的萝卜〃〃〃真是要什么有什么呀。“哎哟！可真够挤的。”我嘀咕了一句。跟着妈妈买了几个我爱吃的菜，结完帐就走出了菜场。超市里的收银台前也早已排起了长龙。

傍晚时分，街上，又渐渐安静下来。店主们把店子关了，超市也比往常早了些许关门。大家都提着东西回家过年去了。

到了晚上6点左右，社区渐渐安静，孩子们都回家吃团圆饭去了。吃完团圆饭7、8点的样子社区又重新热闹起来。孩子们全都出来放花炮了。这个放个“降落伞，”那个又放个“天女撒花”〃〃〃〃各式各样的花炮全有。每放完一个都会聚集好几个孩子，他们在讨论谁的花炮最美丽，谁的花炮颜色最多，之后又是阵阵欢笑。大人们或几个坐在一起打牌，打麻将；或几个坐在一起嗑瓜子，剥花生；或看着自己的孩子放花炮，偶尔还要帮他们一下。大多数的孩子，都是自己独立操作完成。

夜，更深了。人们陆陆续续的回家了，有些不肯回家的孩子也在父母的劝说下，不情愿的回了家，一天的热闹景象渐渐被夜幕包围。我不禁感叹又是一年到，时间过得可真快呀！

春节见闻 “当、当、当”新年的钟声敲响了，家家户户的门上早已贴上了或火红或金黄的对联，每一家的老老少少都乐得合不拢嘴。兴奋的孩子们有的目不转睛地盯着电视，品尝着一年一度的晚会大餐――春节晚会；有的急着给自己的长辈拜年，发短信，打电话，所有新年的祝福话语仿佛怎么也说不完；调皮的孩子正在向自己的父辈们 “讨要”压岁钱；屋外的鞭炮声此起彼伏，炸开了锅，五彩的烟花更是把这个特殊的夜晚点缀得绚丽多姿。

正月初一，农历新年的第一天迎着人们的喜悦祥和而来。我这个平时最赖床的懒汉，今天却起了个大早，因为我极想穿上我那美丽的新衣，出去好好炫耀一翻。我要去走亲访友拜新年了，这无疑也是一件高兴的事。我们小孩子走在拜年队伍的前面，见到长辈们拜个年，说几句吉利话，就可以收获一大把的压岁钱，然后拿到街上去买自己喜爱的东西――玩具、零食、鞭炮……，家长好像变了个人似的，对我们的放纵是那么的宽容，一切都有了！这就是过年的感觉。

“放鞭炮喽！”不知是谁喊了一声，小孩子们很快都聚在了一起。一串串鞭炮在人们手中点燃，响声震天，四处飞溅，仿佛要把一个个美好的愿望送到千家万户。一阵阵炮竹声接连不断，热闹非凡。

到了吃饭的时候，望着满桌子平时最爱吃的菜肴，我们小孩子却一点儿也不觉得饿。大人们在推杯换盏之间，谈论最多是：今非昔比啊！今天的幸福生活从餐桌上最能说明问题，现在人们生活好了，天天就像在过年！

奔波在走亲访友的路途上，我见到了春意盎然的田间大地，一条条新修的高速公路缩短了我们的行程，通往乡村的泥巴路也被“村村通”的水泥路所覆盖，城市高楼大厦像雨后春笋，一年一个变化……

春节对于我们小孩子来说，那就是一切都在变化，一切都是新的！