短文改错的重要突破口——查行文的一致性

第一篇：短文改错的重要突破口——查行文的一致性

短文改错的重要突破口——查行文的一致性

通过分析近几年NMET中的短文改错题，笔者认为约百分之五十的错误设置与行文的一致性有关。因此，答题时查文章在行文中是否保持一致是发现错误并加以纠正的一个重要突破口。在寻查错误时，必须打破行的界限，通篇考虑，起码也要以一个完整的句子为单位。下面笔者就以近几年的高考试题为例，谈谈把哪几个方

面作为突破口去查寻行文不一致的错误。

一、查时态是否一致

时态错误几乎是每年NMET短文改错中必设的改错题。要有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相符和一致。例如：

1.Today,itismucheasiertobehealthythanitisinthepast.(NMET'93)is应改为was，使之与时间状语inthepast一致。

2.Ihadalwayswantedtoreturntothevillageaftermovingaway.Anditisreallygreattoseemostofmyoldfriendsagain.(NMET'95)is应改为was，与前面分句的时态一致。

3.Theyofferedmecoffeeandotherdrinks.Wehaveagoodtimetalkingandlaughingtogether.(NMET'96)have与前面句子中offered时态不一致，应改为had。

4.Hello,IlearnaboutyoufrommyEnglishteacher,MiFang.(NMET'97)learn（得知）在这里不是表示一个经常发生的动作，应改为过去时learned。（本来此处还可改为havelearned，由于“短文改错”题要求，每行只允许改一个错误，故havelearned不能接受。）

5.Myfavouriteortisfootball.Iwasamemberofourfootballteam.(NMET'98)全文都是用的一般现在时，此句中的was显然与上下文语境不符，应改为am。

6.LastSunday,policecarshurrytothetallerbuildinginNewYork…(NMET'92)hurry应改为hurried，才可与时间状语lastSunday一致。

二、查主谓是否一致

在检查谓语动词的时态和语态是否正确的同时，还要注意检查该动词在人称和数上是否与主语保持了一致。例如：

1.Anyonemayborrowbooks,anditcostnothingtoborrowthem.(NMET'94)cost应改为costs，因其主语是it（为形式主语），且上下文均为一般现在时。

2.Thenewboyorgirlinschoolquicklybecomeoneofthecla…(NMET'93)由or连接的两个以上的主语应由靠近谓语的主语来决定谓语的单复数形式，故become应改为becomes。

3.Playingfootballnotonly…butalsogiveusaseeoffairplayandteamirit.(NMET'98)此句的主语是playingfootball，视为第三人称单数，其谓语give应改为gives。

4.Therearebranchlibraryinmanyvillages.(NMET'94)句中主语library应改为复数形式libraries，因为前面是thereare，主谓应一致。主谓语一致的情况较为复杂，考生平时学习要留心归纳。有些特殊句式的主谓一致问题很容易被忽视，如倒装句、关系代词在定语从句中作主语的情况等，答题时要高度重视。

三、查指代是否一致

对于短文中出现的每一个代词都要查一下它所指代的内容以及在句中的作用，注意其数、格、词性是否正确和前后一致，包括人称代词、指标代词、反身代词、关系代词以及疑问代词等。指代错误也是高考改错题中常设的改错题。例如：

1.Weclimbeverywhere,notonlyinAmerica.TheyhavebeentoEurope…(NMET'92)根据上下文，句中的They属指代不一致，应改为We。

2.Thegameeaksforthemselves.(MET'90)句中的反身代词themselves应改为单数itself，因为指代的是单数主语thegame。

3.AndIcan'tforgetthefoodyoucookedforI.(NMET'95)人

称代词在作介词的宾语时用宾格，I应改为me。

4.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.(NMET'96)句子的主语theSmiths表示的是复数概念“史密斯一家人”，故其指代词应该用第三人称复数their而不是his。

5.IliveinBeijing,whereisthecapitalofChina.(NMET'97)关

系副词where在引导定语从句时不可作主语，应将其改为关系代词which。

6.Theortteachesustheimportanceofobedience.Eachplayermustobeythecaptain,whoistheleaderoftheteam.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoooftenifwewanttowinthegame.(NMET'98)纵观全篇短文，都是用的第一人称。这里突然冒出一个第三人称they，显然不一致，应改为we。

四、查平行结构是否平行一致

由and，or，but，either…or…，neither…nor…，notonly…butalso…，aswellas等并列连词和词组连接的结构可称为平行结构。平行结构在词性、时态、非谓语动词的形式上往往要求前后一致。答题时要留心平行结构前后是否对等平行，这也是常设的错误。例如：

1.Modernpeopleknow…，havebetterfood，andtoliveincleanersurroundings.(NMET'93)应将tolive前的to删掉，因为and连接的是know，have，live三个并列平行的谓语动词，其时态和形式必须一致。

2.Hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.(NMET'91)go…andgetting显然不平行，应将getting改为get。

3.Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome.(NMET'96)句中的drove显然与and前面的tomeet不平行，应改为drive。

五、查名词的单复数与修饰词语或上下文是否一致

名词数的错误也是高考常设的改错题。要查一下名词是否可数，与其修饰语是否一致。例如：

1.…TheyhavebeentoEuropemanytime.(NMET'92)time（次）显然与修饰语many不一致，应改为times。

2.(They)…askedmelotsofquestion.(NMET'96)question是可数名词，其修饰词是lotsof，当然应该用复数questio。

3.Westudyquiteafewsubject,suchasmaths,Chinese…(NMET'97)quiteafew只能修饰复数名词，故subject应改为subjects。

4.(We)…oftenwatchfootballmatchonTVtogether.(NMET'98)根据上下文和该句中的often来判断，句中的match应该是matches。

六、查行文逻辑是否一致

查这方面的错误应从文章整体内容出发，通篇考虑，以行为单位是难以发现这种错误的。逻辑不一致主要是由肯定与否定、关联词语以及动词（如come与go，take与bring）的误用所造成的，应多从这方面去查找。例如：

1.Mostpeoplecanquicklygethelpfromadoctororgotoahoitalsincetheyareill.（NMET'93）根据行文逻辑，这里不应该由since来引导原因状语从句，而应该是when/whenever或if来引导时间或条件状语从句。

2.Wetriedtofixitandtherewasnothingwecoulddo.（NMET'91）根据行文逻辑，表示并列关系的and应改为表示转折关系的but。

第二篇：短文改错十见十查

高考短文改错解题思路 短文改错“十见十查”

短文改错所考查的范围，都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。做这类题，一般要依照考纲要求，对可能出现的病句进行分类，按照结构混乱，成分残缺，用词赘余，搭配不当，词义不通，不合逻辑等进行改错。但以上几种做题要求比较笼统，操作性比较差，效果不太明显。

在学生完全清楚以上做题原则的情况下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设错考查。

一、见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。

1.The doctor suggested plenty of food, rest and exercising

句中并列的应是三个结构相同的宾语，但exercising用了动名词形式，与前两个名词不对称，故应改为exercise.2.She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when l arrived.主句中并列谓语一个用了过去进行时，一个用了一般过去时，在时态上不一致。应把:“drank ”改为“drinking”。

二、见有比较结构，查是否患有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。

1.People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.比较级形式重复，去掉 more.2.There are more trees in villages than cities.比较的对象有误，应在介词结构“in villages”, “ in cities” 之间对比。故在 cities 前加介词 in.又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai.句中对比的双方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以应在 than 后加that ,代替名词the weather,补全对比的双方。但该句也可以这样说：It is colder here than in Shanghai.3.In some places you may borrow many books as you want.这应是一个包含 as...as 结构的句子，但句中只有一个as，前一个遗漏了，所以要在 many 前加上as。

三、见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。

1.I like singing，my brother likes dancing.汉语中有时不需要连词，讲完一个分句接下去讲另一个分句。英语中连词使用比汉语广泛得多。该句应在后一个分句前加 while ,表示对比。

2.A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy, and he ran away.男孩跑开了，是因为打破了人家的窗子，而受到喝斥。按逻辑，上下文构成因果关系，所以应把后一个 and 改为so。

3.Mr.Lee’s company publishes books and he buys books all over the world.前后叙述事实矛盾，不合逻辑，应把 buys 改为sells。

四、见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。

1.I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again.该句后一个分句与前一个分句时态和人称不一致，应把 is 改为 was。

有了思路，要在联系中不断的体会，才能融会贯通。

学贵有恒，每天坚持练两篇试试！高考短文改错解题思路 2.Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her.句法成分多余或缺少。可以在 is 前加 who 或去掉 is。

3.And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you.whether 改为if。whether 引导名词性从句时，作“是否”解，有时可换用if，这里是条件状语从句，只用 if

4.He lives in Beijing, where is capital of China.在这个非限制性定语从句中，引导词要作主语，所以应把关系副词where改为关系代词which。

5.He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there.该句错在连词重复使用。immediately 在这里是连词，与 as soon as 同义，引导后面的从句，所以应去掉一个连词。

五、见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。

1.---How much was the price of your car?

---I bought the car at a cheap price, only 2,000 dollars.英语中问价格（price）常以what提问，以high或low回答。所以该句中How much应改为What, cheap改为low。只有在叙述某物的价值时，才用cheap或expensive.如；The car is cheap.2.China’s population is more than any other countries in the world.问population也不用how much/ many, 而要用what，回答时用large或big, little。所以文中的more应改为larger。另外，address, weight, phone number 等抽象名词，也要用what提问。

六、见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。

1.Different people speak different language.这里是名词的复数不一致，应该把 language 改为 languages。

2.Some people read the books or watch television While others have sports.句中books前多一定冠词the。books 在该句中为泛指，而不是特指哪些书。

3.What a lovely weather we are having today.去掉a.weather是不可数名词，前面不加冠词a。

七、见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，together with等引导的成分修饰主语等，查是否患有主谓不一致病。

1.Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.but also 后面的分句的主语是动名词 “playing football”, 承前省略了。所以give改为gives，与前一个分句的谓语makes一致。

2.She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English.are 改为 is，使主谓保持一致。with, together with, as well as, but, besides, including等起连接作用的词引导的部分只对主语起修饰作用，不视作主语。

3.About 2,000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year.have 改为has, “about 2,000 dollars” 作为 “一笔钱” 常视作一个整体，谓语用单数。

八、见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中副词、介词或冠词使用不当病。

1.Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd.有了思路，要在联系中不断的体会，才能融会贯通。

学贵有恒，每天坚持练两篇试试！高考短文改错解题思路 去掉a，“看见” 的固定短语是 “catch sight of”.2.When he came back he found someone had broken in his house.把in改为into, “break into”是固定搭配，为 “破门而入”之意。

九、见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。

1.He made me to post a letter for him.去掉to。在make, have, feel, let 及感官动词后的复合宾语中，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。(但变成被动语态后，主语补足语要用带to的不定式)

2.Don’t forget taking your umbrella when you leave here.taking改为to take.forget, remember, regret等词后跟动词时，动名词所表示的动作先于谓语动作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。

3.I suggested to go there with him after work.to go 改为going.suggest及在中学课本中常见的advice, finish, mind, enjoy, require, practice, consider, miss, avoid, admit, delay, imagine, risk, keep, escape, resist等动词，要接动名词作宾语。

4.He ordered that the work must be started at once.去掉must, 或改为should。order及demand, require, request, insist, propose, advise, suggest等动词后的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气 “should十原形动词” 作谓语，should可以省略。

十、见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。

1.If it heated, water can be changed into steam.显然句中的条件状语是从一个If引起的从句简化而来，这种 “连词十非谓语动词”结构中非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子主语。所以这里it是多余的，应去掉。又如：When hearing the news, he burst into tears.hearing前也不再加he.2.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it.该句型中不定式“to carry”逻辑上的宾语就是句子的主语，所以句中代词it重复，应去掉。

短文改错可能出现的情况不止这些，在你的练习当中还有那些值得总结的呢？ 例如：

有了思路，要在联系中不断的体会，才能融会贯通。

学贵有恒，每天坚持练两篇试试！

第三篇：短文改错十见十查

短文改错十见十查

短文改错所考查的范围，都属典型、常见的病句，很少出现偏、难、怪句。做这类题，一般要依照考纲要求，对可能出现的病句进行分类，按照结构混乱，成分残缺，用词赘余，搭配不当，词义不通，不合逻辑等进行改错。但以上几种做题要求比较笼统，操作性比较差，效果不太明显。笔者在多年的复习指导中体会到，在学生完全清楚以上做题原则的情况下，最有效的方法是注意每行中的关键词和关键结构。由于这个词或这个结构的存在，人们在运用语言时常常出错，而命题者也往往在这里设错考查。

一、见有平行结构，查是否患有用词不一致或成分缺失而引起的句子不均衡病。1．The doctor suggested plenty of food，rest and exercising．

句中并列的应是三个语法结构相同的宾语，但exercising用了动名词形式，与前两个名词不对称，故应改为exercise。

2．She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived． 主句中并列谓语一个用了过去进行时，一个用了一般过去时，在时态上不一致。应把“drank”改为“drinking”。

二、见有比较结构，查是否患有形容词、副词的级，程度副词，比较的对象及冠词误用之病。

1．People in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past． 比较级形式重复，去掉more。

2．There are more trees in villages than cities．

比较的对象有误，应在介词结构“in villages”与“in cities”之间对比。故在cities前加介词in。又如：The weather here is colder than in Shanghai．句中对比的双方是“The weather here”和“The weather in Shanghai”，所以应在 than后加that，代替名词the weather，补全对比的双方。但该句也可以这样说：It is colder here than in Shanghai． 3．In some places you may borrow many books as you want．（NMET '94）这是一个包含“as．．．as”结构的句子，句中只有后一个as，前一个遗漏了，所以应在 many前加上as。

三、见有转折、因果、对比等句子结构，查是否患有行文逻辑不一致病。1．I like singing，my brother likes dancing．

汉语中有时不需要连词，讲完一个分句接下去讲另一个分句。英语中连词使用比汉语广泛得多。该句应在后一个分句前加 while，表示对比。2．A lady came to the window with the ball and shouted at the boy，and he ran away． 男孩跑开了，是因为打破了人家的窗子，而受到喝斥，按逻辑，上下文构成因果关系，所以应把后一个and改为so。

3．Mr Lee's company publishes books and he buys books all over the world． 前后叙述事实矛盾，不合逻辑，应把buys改为sells。

四、见有多重句，查是否患有时态、语态混乱，引导词不当，成分缺失病。

1．I always wanted to return to the village after moving away and is really great to see most of my old friends again． 该句后一个分句与前一个分句时态和人称不一致，应把is改为was。2．Tom asks Mary if she knows the man is speaking to her． 句法成分多余或缺少。可以在is前加 who或去掉is。

3．And whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard，the librarian will write to you．

whether改为if。whether引导名词性从句时，作“是否”解，有时可换用if，这里是条件状语从句，只用if。

4．He lives in Beijing，where is the capital of China．

在这个非限制性定语从句中，引导词要作主语，所以应把关系副词where改为关系代词which。

5．He wrote to me immediately as soon as he got there．

该句错在连词重复使用。immediately在这里是连词，与as soon as同义，引导后面的从句，所以应去掉一个连词。

五、见有特殊疑问句，查是否患有疑问词使用不当病。

1．—How much was the price of your car？—I bought the car at a cheap price，only 2，000 dollars． 英语中问价格（price），常以what提问，以 high或low回答。所以该句中How much应改为What，cheap改为low。只有在叙述某物的价值时，才用cheap或expensive。如：The car is cheap． 2．China's population is more than any other countries'in the world． 问population也不用how much ／many，而要用what，回答时用large或big，little。所以文中的more应改为larger。另外，address，weight，phone number等，也要用what提问。

六、见有名词和代词，查是否患有数、格、指代不一致病。1．Different people speak different language．

这里是名词的单复数不一致，应该把 language改为languages。

2．Some people read the books or watch television．While others have sports． 句中books前多一定冠词the。books在该句中为泛指，而不是特指哪些书。

3．What a lovely weather we are having today！去掉a，weather是不可数名词，前面不加冠词a。

七、见有并列主语，从句作主语，不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词作主语，时间、距离、金钱作主语，together with等引导的成分修饰主语等，查是否患有主语不一致病。1．Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．（NMET '98）

but also后面的分句的主语是动名词 playing football，承前省略了，所以give改为 gives，与前一个分句的谓语makes一致。

2．She as well as her brothers are fond of studying English． are改为is，使主谓保持一致。with，together with，as well as，but，besides，including等起连接作用的词引导的部分只对主语起修饰作用，不视作主语。3．About 2，000 dollars have been spent in buying new dress for his beautiful wife this year． have改为has，“about 2，000 dollars”作为“一笔钱”常视作一个整体，谓语用单数。

八、见有短语、词组，查是否患有固定结构中副词、介词或冠词使用不当病。1．Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd． 去掉a，“看见”的固定短语是“catch sight of”。

2．When he came back，he found someone had broken in his house． 把in改为into，“break into”是固定搭配，为“破门而入”之意。

九、见有特殊动词，查是否患有非谓语动词或虚拟语气使用不当病。

1．He made me to post a letter for him． 去掉to。在make，have，feel，let及感官动词后的复合宾语中，用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。（但变成被动语态后，主语补足语要用带to的不定式）

2．Don't forget taking your umbrella when you leave here． taking改为to take。forget，remember，regret等词后跟动名词时，动名词所表示的动作先于谓语动作；后跟不定式，表示“要去做……”。3．I suggested to go there with him after work． to go改为going。suggest及在中学课本中常见的advise，finish，mind，enjoy，require，practise，consider，miss，avoid，admit，delay，imagine，risk，keep，escape，resist等动词，要接动名词作宾语。

4．He ordered that the work must be started at once． 去掉must，或改为should。order及demand，require，request，insist，propose，advise，suggest等动词后的宾语从句，常用虚拟语气“should ＋原形动词”作谓语，should可以省略。

十、见有非谓语动词作状语，查是否患有逻辑主语或逻辑宾语使用不当病。1．If it heated，water can be changed into steam．

显然句中的条件状语是从一个If引导的从句简化而来，这种“连词＋非谓语动词”结构中非谓语动词的逻辑主语就是句子主语。所以这里it是多余的，应去掉。又如：When hearing the news，he burst into tears．hearing前也不再加he。2．The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it．

该句型中不定式“to carry”逻辑上的宾语就是句子的主语，所以句中代词it重复，应去掉。

第四篇：短文改错

短文改错

高考英语短文改错题要求考生判断一篇短文中十行(自1995年以来)文字是否有错，如果有错误就将其改正。

此题型旨在测试考生发现、判断并改正短文中错误的能力，以及考查考生准确运用词法、句法、行文逻辑等的综合能力。

本题型侧重考查考生的词汇和语法基础知识，但并不是单纯的知识检测，而是考查考生在阅读的过程中运用语法知识解决实际问题的能力。

纵观近几年高考短文改错，不难发现其设题方式比较固定：正确为1个，多词或缺词共计3个，错词为6个，其比例为1：3:6。

下面引用近几年的高考题来分析一下此题的三种错误类型：多词、缺词和错词。

一、多词

1.多冠词

(l)Suddenly,I caught a sight of my English teacherin the crowd.【解析lsight是不可数名词，且catch sight of是固定搭配，意为“看见”。

(2)For e】cample, when l was a child, the rain was amystery.【解析】，am为不可数名词，泛指时前面不用冠词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不可数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。

Modern people know more about the health, havebetter food，and„

(2)与by连用的交通工具及air，land，sea等名词前不用冠词。

by bike骑自行车，by sea由海路，乘船

(3)有些名词(如school，class，hospital，church，prison，bed，table，town等)与相应介词连用，表示进行和这些词直接相关的活动时，前不用冠词。

___ _去上学，_______坐牢，_______在吃饭

(4)球类运动、棋类游戏前，不用冠词。

___ _打篮球，_______下棋

(5)mo。t副词作“非常”解时，前面不用定冠词the。

She is most pretty.她非常漂亮。

(6)。或though引导让步状语从句，构成倒装结构，前置的单数名词前不用任何冠词。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他只是孩子，知道的却很多。

2.多介词

(l)ln fact,they are planning to visit China in next yeaL

(2)We practice for three times every week..(3)So l'm really sorry that l won't be able to come inthis time.【解析】以上三例都是作时间状语的名词短语前多了介词。

(4)„but we do not seem to get much time to talkabout together.【解析】talk about意为“谈到„„”，是及物动词短语，后须接介词宾语，但根据本句语境，此处不必接宾语，故去掉about。

【知识拓宽】

(1)last night, next week, this year, one day,threetimes等名词词组直接充当时间状语，前面不用介词。

(2)有些动词在汉语中是不及物动词，在英语中却是及物动词，由于受汉语影响，可能多一个介词。

serve for the people, follow after the teacher, marrywith her,make him as our monitor,play with Tom in amatch(画线介词多余)

(3)有些表示地点的副词，其意义中已包含to，如果再加to，则多余。

on one's way to there, return to home, go to upstairs(画线介词均多余)

(4)有些副词或介词词组后加另一个介词，构成复合介词，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。同样，有些动词短语是“动词十介词”结构，若后面没有介词宾语，介词则多余。

①If you won’t go，I'll go instead of.(画线介词多余)

②She listened to but heard nothing(画线介词多余)

(5)有些动词或形容词后接名词或代词时，须加一个介词，但接从句时，必须去掉介词。

①l never knew about a ride down a river could be soexciting.(画线介词多余)

②I am sorry for that he won't come(画线介词多余)

3.词义重叠

(1)Whenever I see them l will often think of myEnglish teacher.【解析】在whenever l see them这一时间状语从句后再用often显得重复，应去掉。

(2)1'11 spend all the whole weekend reading andpreparing for it.【解析】the whole weekend意为“整个周末”，再加上all，词义重叠。

【知识拓宽】

(1)有些词受汉语影响，多一副词或介词，造成词义重叠。

return back回来，repeat again重复，flee away逃走，enter into进入，blue color蓝色，stop down停下来，raiseup举起来，unpack open打开

(2)定语从句中的一个名词，已由关系代词取代，再用其替代词是多余的。

I do remember you having apologized to the old lady Imet her last week

(3)单音节的形容词或副词比较等级加-er.-est，多音节加more、most，但二者不能同时重叠使用。

As a result, people in the modern world generally livemuch more longer than people in the past.4.出现冗言现象

(l)Today l visited the Smiths-my first time visit toan American family.【解析】本句中的first修饰visit，visit此处为名词，意为“我的第一次访问”，time多余。

(2)Now I can't watch much television,but„【解析】根据上下文，此处应是“我根本不能看电视”，因此受汉语影响，多了much，造成冗言。

【知识拓宽】

(1)状语从句与主句之间多一并列连词。

①Though he tried his best, but he failed.②The more he has, and the more he wants.(2)充当状语的介词短语与主句之间多一关系代词或关系副词。

①In the last five years that they have climbed churches一②„in other places where you are limited to a certainnumber...(3)充当状语的分词与主句之间多一并列连词。

Sitting down,and he began to work.(4)从属连词后多一个that。

She was absent from the meeting because that she was ilL(5)复合宾语前多一个that。

I found that her lying on the ground.5.固定搭配中多词

(1)I was used to watch it every night.【解析】此处属于used to do与be used to两个固定搭配的误用，应去掉was，取“过去常常”之意。

(2)„in any other words,Iam only a child.【解析lin other words为固定搭配，意为“换句话说”，而any other意为“任何别的„„”，与本文上下文不符。

6.行文逻辑上多词First, let me tell you something more about myself.【解析】由first可知是刚开始向别人讲述自己的故事，故只能说something，而不能加more。

二、缺词

1.名词前缺限定词

(1)Each player must obey^captain, who is theleader of the team.the【解析】此处应加上the，特指“球队的队长”。

(2)The day before the speech contest^Englishteacher talked to me.my【解析】根据上下文分析，此处English teacher是有所指的，指的是“我的”英语老师，故加上my，表达一个更确切的概念。

(3)I'1I take this chance to wish you^ wonderful timeon your birthday.a【解析lwish sb.awonderful time为固定搭配，意为“祝某人玩得愉快”。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在“so+形容词十可数名词单数”结构中，名词前不能缺a或an。

This is so good a book that we will buy it.=This is such a good book that we will buy it.(2)little,few表示肯定时，前面不能缺a，意为“一些”。

如a little water，但是“每隔几分钟”应说成every fewminutesa

(3)有些不可数名词(如metal, beauty, iron, tea,coffee, ice, youth, pleasure, success, failure等)，表示“一种”“一个“一份”时，应加上a或an。

Work is a pleasure to me.(4)“the+姓氏复数”表示一家人时，the不能省。

The Browns like to go skating.(5)表示“两者之中比较„„的一个”时，比较级前应加the。

He is the taller of the two boys.(6)在句中可数名词不可单独使用，前面应有限定词，如his,that,Tom's,the,a等。

When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook^head.his2.缺动词不定式符号to(1)I'd like very much^come but I have anexamination on Monday morning.to【解析】like后面不能直接加动词，需加to，构成固定搭配“would like to do”，意为“想做„„”。

(2)一.and will do all they can^ make sure that l geta good education to【解析】不定式作目的状语，不定式符号to不可省。

【知识拓宽】

(1)不定式作后置定语，不定式符号to不能省。

But then there are always more mysteriesAlook into:_____to

(2)-般说来，两个实义动词不能并列使用，中间常用to连接。

①7Ihe World Health()rganization and other organizationsare workingAimprove health all over the world_____to

②i had always wantedA retum to the village _____to

(3)feel, hear, let, make,have, see, notice, watch,ob。rv。等动词变成被动结构时，充当主语补足语的不定式不能省去to。

Little Tom was made to do heavy work

(4)为了避免重复前面的动词，后面的不定式常常省略，但要保留不定式符号to。

We wanted to go to the lecture, but we weren't able to

3.缺系动词

(l)neyA eager to Imow everything about China：.'were【解析】eager为形容词，必须加系动词构成系表结构。

(2)What^ your favourite sport?IS【解析】本句缺谓语动词，应加is。

(3)I'd like to^ your pen-friend, and.be/become【解析】本句考查I'd like to do结构，根据上下文，必须加上系动词。

【知识拓宽】

(1)由于受汉语语法规则的影响，有些形容词作表语时，常常缺少系动词。

She is afraid of her boss.(2)在被动结构中，由于缺少助动词，变成了主动语态，造成错误。

„and let you know when the book you want has^returned and is ready for you to pick up.been4.缺介词(l)We must keep in mind that we play for the teaminstead^ ourselves._____ of【解析linstead of为固定短语，意为“而非，而不是”，后接宾语。

(2)„but the others spent a lotA time arguing_____of【解析la lot of是固定习语，意为“许多，大量”，后加宾语。

【知识拓宽】

改错题对介词的考查，重点是一些固定搭配，再如：

WhenI have free timeI go^along walk..for，因此，同学们在学习和复习中应牢记一些固定搭配。

5.缺连词In one class,l learned^ it rained.why【解析】本句因缺连词而造成句子成分残缺，只有加上why，句子的意义才完整。

【知识拓宽】

(1)在汉语中，分句与分句之间往往不用连词，但在英语中却不行。

It began to rain,^ they had to stop working.and

(2)受母语影响，几个同类词并列连用时，它们之间往往缺一连词。

CDi told Mother, Father, Sister,^ all my friends herewhat a great time I had.and②He looked inside but saw nothing.(3)that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that常常不能省。

That light travels in straight line is known to all.(4)引导同位语从句的连词that，when等常不可省。

(DThe doctors came to the conclusion that the patientwas suffering from cancer.②i have no idea when he will return(5)在even if，even though，as if'as though等短语中，第二个连词不能少。

He walks as if/though he were drunk

三、错词

1.可数名词单复数误用

(l)They were eager to know everything about Chinaand asked me lots of question

(2)We study quite a few subject, such as maths,Chinese, English and physics.(3)We practise three times every week and oftenwatch football match on TV together.(4)She said that she and my schoolmate' all.wishedme success,.(5)„so that l'11 get good marks in all my subject.___

(6)„and many happy return of the day_____

(7)I used to love science class-all of them-biology,chemistry, geography, physics.【知识拓宽】

对名词单复数的考查是高考的热点之一，几乎每年考查一处。因此，为了对名词错误判断准确，应该：

(1)弄清名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。

We stopped to rest for a while and to drink somewaters from a stream water

(2)掌握好可数名词复数的变化规则。

There are branch library in many villages libraries

(3)要熟练运用名词的所有格。

2.时态误用

(l)We havea good tinte talking and laughing together.had

(2)I learn about you from my English teacher, MissFang.learned

(3)I was a member of our school football team am

(4)I arn happy with any programme but the othersspent a lot of time...was

(5)I remembered her words and calm down calmed

(6)They did not want me to do any w,ork at home do【知识拓宽】

动词时态是短文改错考查的热点之一，一般说来每年考查一处，而且近几年高考主要考查现在时与过去时的使用，再如：I had an examination on Monday moming.have

3.非谓语动词误用

(l)It was very kind of them to meet me.at the railwaystation and drove meto their home drive

(2)I look forward to hear from you soon hearing

(3)Play football not only makes us grow up...Playing

(4)I was often alittle tired after a day's work andwatch TV demands very little effort.watching【知识拓宽】

(1)由以上考例可见，v.-mg形式作主语、宾语或状语是考查的热点。

CDi'ii spend the whole weekend reading and preparefor it.preparing②After learn the basics of the subject, nothing elseseemed very practical to me.learning

(2)过去分词与现在分词的区别是另一考查热点。此时重点要看分词与主语或逻辑主语的关系。

①After an hour or so, we began to feel veryfrightening.frightened②„but now l am interesting in football.interested(3)被动语态中的过去分词误用成动词原形。

Books may be keep for four weeks.kept(4)掌握好动词不定式带to与不带to的差异。

(5)有些动词后接不定式，有些动词后接动名词，应分别牢记这些动词。

4.主谓不一致

(1)Playing football not only makes us grow up talland strong but alsoglve us a sense of fair play and teamspirit.gives

(2)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in thelibrary.are【知识拓宽】

(1)谓语动词的单复数一般取决于前面主语的单复数。

Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing toborrow them.costs

(2)not only;一but also, neither.—nor.一，either.or..-等并列连词连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应采取就近一致原则。

(3)There be结构中，谓语动词也应采取就近一致原则。

But then there is always more mysteries to look into.are

(4)注意把集合名词(如family，class，team等)和不定代词(如all，none等)放在具体语境中，判断其谓语动词的单复数。

5.代词不一致

(l)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.their

(2)And they must not break the rules too often if wewant to win the game.we(3)Now someone at home reads instead.everyone/everybody【知识拓宽】

(1)根据上下文判断，出现了代词不一致。

①1 felt that it helped me understand how the worldworks.they②They have been to Europe many timesWe

(2)倾向于考查学生对不定代词、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词以及代词的主格与宾格等诸方面知识的掌握与运用能力。

And I can’t forget the good food you cooked forl me

(3)人称代词性别上的误用也是常见的错误形式之一。

6.连词误用

(l)~esaid that she and my schoolmates all wished mesuccass,but it didn’t matter thatI would win or notwhether【解析】it为形式主语，whether l would win or not是真正的主语，意为“我是否能赢”。

(2)lt looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor andaguest.or【解析】句意为：看起来我的父母亲把我当成了“visitor”或“guest”。二者为选择关系而非并列关系，故将and改为or。

(3)It is a very important exam butI can't afford tofail it.and/so【解析】此处应是并列或因果关系，而非转折关系。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确掌握各连词的含义及其在从句中的应用。

①„because I felt that they helped me understandwhat the world works.how②Most people can quickly get help from a doctor orgo to a hospital sir ce they areill when/if

(2)熟练应用表示并列、选择、转折、因果等关系的连词：and, or, but, so, therefore, however等.①She was smiling but nodding at me.and②Therefore, there are still some countries wherepeople have shorter lives.However

(3)弄清whether和if的含义及用法区别。

„and whether you pay the cost of sending apostcard,the librarian will write to you.if

7.关系代词与关系副词误用

I live inBeijing,where is the capital of China.which【解析】此处是非限制性定语从句，关系代词which作主语。

【知识拓宽】

(1)正确区分关系代词之间的区别，尤其是that和which的区别。

„in other places you are limited to.a certainnumber, of that some may be novels.which

(2)正确区分关系代词与关系副词的区别，并掌握它们的用法。

However,there are still some countries there peoplehave shorter lives.where

8.词性误用

(1)Also the sport teaches us the important ofobedience.importance【解析】本句应该用名词importance作动词teach的直接宾语。

(2)Unfortunate, there are too many people in myfamily.Unfortunately【解析】此处应该用副词unfortunately作状语，意为“不幸的是”。

(3)After learning the basics of the subject,nothingelse seemed very practically to me.practical【解析】。eem为系动词，后面应接形容词作表语。

【知识拓宽】

词性误用指的是动词与名词混淆，副词与形容词混淆等。这就要求我们在平时学习中重视词性及各类词在句中的基本功能。再如：

I'm sure we'IIhave 8 wonderfully time together.wonderful

9.限定词误用

(1)Today I visited the Smiths-my first visit to aAmerican family.an【解析】American为元音音素开头的单词，故应用部定冠词 an

(2)wemay be one family and live under a sameroof，„the【解析】same意为“同样的”，前面应加定冠词the。

10.近义词混用They did not want me to do any work at family......home【解析】family侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里的人。，而home则侧重指“家庭的所在地”。因此，“在家里”应用athome。

【知识拓宽】

在英语中，有许多同义词、近义词和反义词，在平时学习中应抓好基础，牢记每一个词的基本含义。再如：.Uncle Ben will alsogo back for Christmas.come总之，平时学习中应加强对基础知识的积累，熟练掌握高考词汇、基本词法、句法，同时还应加强阅读能力的训练。因为，较快的阅读速度、较好的语感和牢固的基础知识是做好短文改错的重要前提。平时训练短文改错时，不应只是为了做题而做题，而应善于总结、摸索答题的规律。

参考答案

一、1.(3)go to school;in prison;at table(4)play basketball;play chess

三、1.(1)question-*questions(2)subject—subjects(3)match-*matches(4)schoolmate—+ schoolmates(5)subject-+ subjects(6)return—.retums(7)class-classes

第五篇：经典短文改错

动词形，名词数。还要注意形和副，物ing,修人用ed。遇连词，必停住，多词少词须关注，介词冠词占多数，固定搭配非谓语，反身代时主宾同。短文改错错不错，每句至少改一个。

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