经济发展与环境保护辩论数据(合集五篇)

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第一篇:经济发展与环境保护辩论数据

数据:

1、胡锦涛总书记在中央党校的重要讲话中说,现在我们发展上快的问题解决了,但好的问

题并未解决好。

2、污染数据:江河水系70%受到污染,流经城市90%以上严重污染,城市垃圾处理率不足

20%,农村1.5亿吨垃圾露天存放,三亿多农民喝不到干净的水,四亿多城市居民呼吸不到新鲜空气。

3、社会问题:2005年中国发生5.1万起环境纠纷,40万人次投诉和上访,而且以30%的速

度在递增。污染严重影响人体健康,早已引起人民群众的不满,环境不公平,也正在加重着社会不公平。成为社会问题新的不稳定因素。

4、经济危机:也指自然灾害,战争造成的生产力猛烈下降,经济极度混乱和动荡的现象

5、科学发展观,第一要务是发展,核心是以人为本,基本要求是全面协调可持续发展,根

本方法是统筹兼顾。

6、国外自然灾害:

2003年法国高达40度的热浪,法国死了三万多人,2005年南亚大海啸,死伤更是惨重

7、过度的经济发展已经造成了全球暖化、温室效应等,使得海平面上升,就是在上海,四十年后,也将成为水底的遗迹,而更别提二十年后的珠江三角洲面积将只剩下一半。2080年,全世界有10亿到32亿的人口需要面临水灾,二到七亿的人更将成为海龙王的祭品。热带雨林正以每秒三个足球场大的速度消失,如此全面且急迫的问题,难道不值得我们严正以待吗?

8.如今经济发展的领军产业是信息产业,请问对方辩友知不知道信息产业每年要耗费多少剧毒的化学物质?信息产业仅在1999年,就用了世界上300万吨剧毒物质来提炼硅,制造芯片,对方辩友不要只看到无边钞票滚滚来,看不到一江毒水向东流啊!

9.一是制约经济发展。世界银行估算,1995年中国空气和水污染造成的损失占当年GDP的8%;中科院专家测算,2003年环境污染和生态破坏造成的损失占GDP的15%;据2001年西部生态状况调查报告,西部9省区生态破坏造成的直接经济损失占当地GDP的13%。

10.近年来,环保群体上访和投诉不断增加。2001年,全国环保系统共收到信件35.3万封,2002年41万封,2003年52.6万封,以每年30%的速度上升;

11.据专家预测,十多年前,环境保护的投入只要达到GDP的1.5%,中国的环境就能够有所改善,而中国的环保投入却一直在GDP的0.5%左右徘徊,如今环保投入已经要求占到GDP的3%以上,而我国环保投入才达到总额1.5%。

12.目前1/3的国土被酸雨覆盖,2/3的草原沙化,近乎100%的土壤板结;江河水系70%受到污染,40%严重污染,基本丧失使用功能,流经城市的河流95%以上受到严重污染;中国水资源占有量不到世界平均水平的1/5,并且主要水系的2/5已成为劣五类水;全国有一半的人口缺乏干净饮用水,3亿多农民喝不到干净水,其中超过60%是由于非自然因素导致的饮用水源水质不达标。三分天灾七分人祸,环境保护刻不容缓。

人类当代利益和后代利益的协调,地区局部利益和全球整体利益的协调。最后,实现人类利益和自然化境的真正协调。

生态系统的建设和保护是经济发展的前提和基础

第二篇:英语辩论环境保护与经济发展

Which should receive priority in china? Environmental protection or economic growth.:Good morning everyone!We are here now debating about whether environmental protection or

economic growth should take priority in china;we think its economy growth should be chosen.I have three reasons to prove this point.:First, as a developing country, the economy power is far behind the developed countries, so the urgent

affair of china is to develop our economy.:Second, Economy growth doesn’t necessarily conflict with environment protection.We can develop

our economy without environmental pollution.:Third, when our economy strength become strong, we can spend more money and energy on

environment protection, till then it will be a win-win.In a word, considering the current situations, economy growth should take priority in china.:We agree economic growth is needed.But think about the past decades, we followed the old model of

“first pollution, last treatment”, however, how did it come out? The environment problems have become increasingly prominent, and some local regions’ environment has been polluted to a dangerous extent that poses a great threat to our existence.:What’s more, the cost was too high and the effect was not up to much by this means, it placed us in a

completely passive position.At the same time the people started voicing new values: quality of life, urban conservation and the environment.:So, we must get to the bottom of the problem and learn from the past, which is to say, in the course of

development, we should consider the effect of pollution and receive environment protection in first priority.Only in this way can we solve the environmental problems in the future reasonably.:We all know that in many places of china like many poor countries, where the environment is pretty

good, but there are thousands people lack of money for the food or clothes.Even in the city like Dalian, how many people can’t afford of the expensive price of house.Do you think the problems like these can be solved by environmental protection?

:But opponent debaters can’t ignore the fact that most areas of china have solved the problem of food

and clothing at present.Furthermore, the level of economic development in many cities in eastern china is very high.But the pollution is pretty serious accordingly.We have money, but being under the sub health condition.Does it make any sense, opponent debaters?

:Some eastern cities do exist whose economy is quite developed, but you forget that china has 130

million people.The eastern cities can’t stand for the whole china.We know that environment protection need high-technology, high-tech personnel, and science research.They all need a lot of money, and money is created by economy.I want to ask my fellow debater that can we protect our environment well without strong economy strength.:Environmental protection needs money.But we can’t sacrifice the environment for the economic growth.If you drink polluted water, eat the toxic food, can we have a high quality of life? Economic development must be on the premise of environmental protection.:Economic growth is important, environmental protection is also important.And our government has

already realized the importance of the balance between the two parts, and did achieve some

good results.I think in the future there will be on a win-win situation in the economic and

environmental protection.

第三篇:英语辩论——环境保护VS经济发展

英语辩论——环境保护VS经济发展(经济发展正方)

Which should receive priority in China? Environmental protection or economic growth.正方一辩陈词:Good morning everyone!We are here now debating about whether environment protection or economy growth should take priority in China, we think it’s economy growth that should be chosen.I have three reasons to prove this point.First, as a developing country, the economy power is far behind the developed counties, China have one fifth of the people in the world, but the income of per head is only in 109th among countries.So the urgent affair of China is developing our economy.Second, economy growth doesn’t necessarily conflict with environment protection.We can develop our economy without environment pollution.Third, when our economy strength becomes strong, we can spend more money and energy on environment protection, till then it will be a win-win.In a word, considering the current situations, economy growth should take priority in China.反方一辩陈词:We agree economic growth is needed.But think about the past decades, we followed the old model of “first pollution, last treatment”, however, how did it come out? The environment problems have become increasingly prominent, and some local regions’ environment has been polluted to a dangerous extent that poses a great threat to our existence.What’s more, the cost was too high and the effect was not up to much.By this means, it placed us in a completely passive position.At the same time the people started voicing new values: quality of life, urban conservation and the environment.So, we must get to the bottom of the problem and learn from the past.That is, in the course of development, we should consider the effect of pollution and receive environment protection in first priority.Only in this way can we solve the environmental problems in the future reasonably.That’s all I want to say.自由辩论

正方二辩:We all know that in many places of china like many poor countries, where the environment is pretty good, there are thousands people lack of money for the food the need to live.Then, opponent debaters, do you think we still need to develop our economies?

反方二辩:But opponent debaters can’t ignore the fact that most areas of China have solved the problem of food and clothing at present.Furthermore, the level of economic development in many cities in eastern China is very high.But the pollution is pretty serious accordingly.We have money, but being under the sub health condition.Does it make any sense, opponent debaters?

正方三辩:There do exist some eastern cities whose economy is quite developed, but you forget that China has 130 million people.The eastern cities can’t stand for the whole China.We know that environment protection need high-technology, High-tech personnel, and science research.They all need a lot of money, and money is created by economy.I want to ask my fellow debater that can we protect our environment well without strong economy strength.反方三辩:Environmental protection needs economy.But we can’t sacrifice the environment for the economic growth.If you drink polluted water, eat the toxic food, can we have a high quality of life? Economic development must be on the premise of environmental protection.The policy of “returning farmland to forests and grass” slow down the speed of economic development to protect the

environment.Doses it show that the environmental protection is more important?

正方四辩:Opponent debaters have referred the returning farmland to forest policy.We admit our country has paid a lot of money for the environment even sacrificing the profit.But we should still take economic construction as the central task.反方四辩:We admit economic construction is our country’s principle task.But we have to insist on sustainable development while developing economy.We must attach great importance to the protection of the natural environment in the process of economic development.总结:

正方总结:Our opponent said , ” we can’t sacrifice the environment for the economic growth”.I think what they said can’t come true at present.It’s unavoidable to harm the environment while developing economy.反方总结: Our opponent said ” the urgent affairs of china is developing our economy”.The goal we develop the economy today is to create a happy and comfortable life for people in the future.If the economic growth lead to the pollution of the environment, can we live a better life? The excessive economic growth has caused the greenhouse effect, which lead to sea-level rises.As a result, thousands of coastal dweller has to face the fate of the migration.Moreover, the opponent also said,” when our economy strength become strong, we can spend more money and energy on environment protection.” I want to question that when the animals and plants have died out, what the opponent debater protect with the money and energy.If the economic growth delays for two years, we can wait two years to develop it.But, if the environmental protection delays two years, the species will be extinct, the resources will exhaust.The urgency like this can’t wait.So our side advocates the environmental protection should receive priority in China.Thank you.补充及参考材料

二辩盘问 Two debate questioned 反方二辩:请问对方二辩,经济是一时之事,环境是万代之事,哪个重要?经济 发展慢了,人们还可以吃到饭,环境没了,还能生存吗?
My fellow debaters,please allow me to ask.The economy is the temporary matter, but the
environment is of the ten thousand generation, which one is more important? When Economic develops slowly, people can also eat rice;how can we still survive if there is no environment.正方二辩:不好意思对方辩友,恐怕我们今天讨论的重点是优先权。并不是说经 济优先就不搞环保了,只是环保处于较次的位置,跟中国现状一样,政策虽 然说要重视环保,但一般县区还是经济发展优先的,也就有资本的大城市才 比较重视搞环保,相信大家心知肚明
Sorry, I'm

afraid the key points we debate today are the right of priority.Economy
development first does not mean totally ignore the environmental protection, the
environmental protection is just in the inferior position.Just like the present China,
although the policy attach great importance to environmental protection, economic development receive priority in the general counties, there is only capital cities would likely
take it seriously to environmental protection, everybody know it in our own heart.反方二辩:请问正方三辩,如果发展经济优先的话,很可能造成环境成本大于经 济效益的情况,这样的经济是发展还是倒退?
Excuse me, my fellow debaters.If economic development receives priority then it is likely
the environmental costs to be larger than the economic efficiency, such economy develops or backs up? 正方三辩: 这种情况确实有存在,但并不是每时每刻都存在。各个行业情况不同,我们不能以偏概全。但按你的意思,这种情况下经济效益是负的,那我们改 行环境保护优先,就能转亏为盈?我不这么觉得。to cause This kind of situation is there truly, but not every moment.The situation in each industry is different;we cannot draw conclusions from one part.But according to your point, in this case the economic benefit is negative, then if we changed environment first, we can turn it into profit? I don't think so.正方二辩: 我们知道环境的保护是预防为主,防治结合,而预防和治理都要依 靠技术的发展,那请问对方二辩,如果没有强有力的经济基础支持科学技术 发展,那么以科技为支撑的环保从何谈起呢?
We know that the protection of the environment is mainly prevention, and we should combine prevention with treatment, and the prevention and control depends on the development of technology, then my fellow debaters, if there is no strong economic basis for science and technology development, then don’t mention the environmental protection supported by the science and technology.反方二辩:你的问题未免抽象了点。科技发展无止尽,经济发展也没尽头,什么 时候算得上是“强有力”呢?但是环境保护是迫在眉睫,耽误不起。Your question is a little abstract.Science and technology develops endlessly, so dose economic development, when will it be considered as “strong"? But environmental protection is
imminent, which can't afford to delay.正方二辩:请问反方三辩,经济发展是让人们享受到丰富的生活内容,包括衣食 住行娱乐,这难道不是现在社会上人们的普遍愿望吗?
Excuse me, my fellow debaters.The responsibility of economic development is to let people enjoy a rich life, including the basic necessities and entertainment, isn't it now the
people's universal desire? 反方三辩:人们喜欢的期望的不一定都是好的。我相信,人们更倾向于在一个既 能享受到生活乐趣,同时又是一个健康和谐自然的环境中生存。People`s expectation is not necessarily that good.I believe that people tend to live in a life of happiness, and at the same time, survive in a healthy and harmonious natural environment
自由辩论 正方一辩: 请问对方辩友,原始社会的人类祖先们环境保护工作做得可谓好了吧,而他们 经济发展很落后,所所以才一直过着钻木取火、茹毛饮血的生活,按你们的 意思我们应该回归这种生活吗?
Excuse me, my fellow friends.In the primitive society, human ancestor`s environmental protection work is good, but to them Economic development is very backward, so it has been living a life of the earliest people, should we return to this kind of life according to your meaning?
反方一辩:人类祖先确实需要发展经济,但若是在这个过程中砍完了森林,污染 了河流,使衣食都不再有保障,恐怕也无法发展下去了。我想问的是,核电站是 经济发展的产物,但众所周知,几次核电站的泄漏带来了环境的极度恶化,请问 你怎么看?
Human ancestors do need to develop the economy, but if cut out the forests, pollute the river, making Food and clothing are no longer guaranteed in this process, I’m afraid it cannot develop any longer.What I want to ask is, nuclear power station is the

outcome of the economic development, but it is well known that a few times nuclear power leakage has brought the environment extremely worsened, what do you think of it?
正方二辩:首先,我方并没有承诺经济发展就一定会破坏到环境;其次,对方所 说的情况只是凤毛麟角;第三,核电站泄漏是科技不力,而经济是科学研究 的基础。First, we have never pledge that the economic development certainly will destroy the environment;second, the situation you said is only rare;third, nuclear power station leakage because the technology is not strong.But economy is the foundation
of scientific research.反方二辩:但是核电站可以再建,那些污染了的土地和地下水怎么办?没有了这 些,我们的生活怎么办?你愿意生活在核电站附近,还是一片山清水秀之 间?
But the nuclear power station may be reconstructed, how about these polluted land and the underground water? Without land and water, how does our life manage? Would you like to live nearby the nuclear power station, or between pieces of beautiful sceneries?
正方三辩:但是对方辩友请注意,核电站的建造,正是为了千千万万人类的生活 用电得到满足。有了电,我们的机器可以运作,生产可以兴起,环境总会有 办法弥补,我也想问,你愿意生活在两小时停一次电的地方还是用电无忧之 处? Please note that the construction of nuclear power stations is precisely to satisfy millions of people's living power.With the electricity, our machine can be operated, the production can rise, and there must be any way to make up for the
environment.I also want to ask, are you willing to live in a place two hours stop a electricity or a place with abundant power.反方三辩:你的意思是破坏了环境然后再去弥补。为什么要先污染后治理?为什 么要兜这么大一个圈子呢?而且我国的经济建设里程已经证明,先污染后治 理是错的,行不通的。You mean to make up for the environment after destroying it.Why management after pollution? Why to pocket so big a circle? And the economic construction of our country has already proved that treatment after pollution is wrong, it won't work.正方四辩:我不得不说我方真冤枉。是你给的前提,说核电站泄漏了,严重污染 了环境,而我方坚信是可以挽救的。而且事实上,包括核电站在内的很多工 业厂子,都种有青草绿树,他们在搞经济的同时,并没有放弃环境的保护。I can not but say that we are really undeserved.It is you who give the premise, said that the nuclear power station leakage has polluted the environment seriously, but we believed that is can be saved.And in fact, including nuclear power stations, many industrial factories, plant all kinds of green grass and trees, while they practice the economy, they do not give up the protection of the environment.反方四辩:但是仅仅不放弃就可以吗?再怎么注意也无法保证无污染,这样日积 月累下来,依然会是一片惨状。必须把环境保护放在第一位,每个工厂都严 抓,才能从根本上阻止环境的恶化。But only does not give up possible? However do we pay attention to the environment, we cannot guarantee there will be no pollution.As time goes on, it will still be a miserable situation.So we must place the environmental protection in the first place, each factory should be managed strictly, only in this way, can we prevent the environment from worsening fundamentally.正方三辩:对方辩友请从事实出发,经济发展必然会付出代价,我们已经在努力 使代价降到最低。Opposite party debates , please to start from the fact, the economic development will definitely pay the price, we have been trying to make the price to a minimum.反方三辩:降低应该有个标准吧,这不是你我能定的,是自然环境定的,等到他 揭示这个标准时,只怕为时已晚了。Reduces should have a standard, which is not you or me can decide, it is the natural environment, when he reveals this standard, I’m afraid it is too late.

第四篇:英语辩论——环境保护VS经济发展

英语辩论——环境保护VS经济发展(经济发展正方)

Which should receive priority in China? Environmental protection or economic growth.正方一辩陈词: we think it’s economy growth that should be chosen.I have three reasons to prove this point.First, as a developing country, the economy power is far behind the developed counties, China have one fifth of the people in the world, but the income of per head is only in 109th among countries.So the urgent affair of China is developing our economy.Second, economy growth doesn’t necessarily conflict with environment protection.We can develop our economy without environment pollution.Third, when our economy strength becomes strong, we can spend more money and energy on environment protection, till then it will be a win-win.In a word, considering the current situations, economy growth should take priority in China.反方一辩陈词:We agree economic growth is needed.But the environment problems have become increasingly prominent, and some local regions’ environment has been polluted to a dangerous extent that poses a great threat to our existence.What’s more, the cost was too high and the effect was not up to much.By this means, it placed us in a completely passive position.At the same time the people started voicing new values: quality of life, urban conservation and the environment.So, we must get to the bottom of the problem and learn from the past.That is, in the course of development, we should consider the effect of pollution and receive environment protection in first priority.Only in this way can we solve the environmental problems in the future reasonably.That’s all I want to say.反方二辩:请问对方二辩,经济是一时之事,环境是万代之事,哪个重要?经济 发展慢了,人们还可以吃到饭,环境没了,还能生存吗?
My fellow debaters,please allow me to ask.The economy is the temporary matter, but the
environment is of the ten thousand generation, which one is more important? When Economic develops slowly, people can also eat rice;how can we still survive if there is no environment.正方二辩:不好意思对方辩友,恐怕我们今天讨论的重点是优先权。并不是说经 济优先就不搞环保了,只是环保处于较次的位置,Sorry, I'm afraid the key points we debate today are the right of priority.Economy
development first does not mean totally ignore the environmental protection, the
environmental protection is just in the inferior position.、反方三辩:请问正方三辩,如果发展经济优先的话,很可能造成环境成本大于经 济效益的情况,这样的经济是发展还是倒退?
Excuse me, my fellow debaters.If economic development receives priority then it is likely
the environmental costs to be larger than the economic efficiency, such economy develops or backs up?

正方三辩: 这种情况确实有存在,但并不是每时每刻都存在。各个行业情况不同,我们不能以偏概全。但按你的意思,这种情况下经济效益是负的,那我们改 行环境保护优先,就能转亏为盈?我不这么觉得。This kind of situation is there truly, but not every moment.The situation in each industry is different;we cannot draw conclusions from one part.But according to your point, in this case the economic benefit is negative, then if we changed environment first, we can turn it into profit? I don't think so.反方四辩:你的问题未免抽象了点。科技发展无止尽,经济发展也没尽头,但是环境保护是迫在眉睫,耽误不起。Your question is a little abstract.Science and technology develops endlessly, so dose economic development, But environmental protection is
imminent, which can't afford to delay.正方四辩:请问反方四辩,经济发展是让人们享受到丰富的生活内容,包括衣食 住行娱乐,这难道不是现在社会上人们的普遍愿望吗?Excuse me, my fellow debaters.The responsibility of economic development is to let people enjoy a rich life, including the basic necessities and entertainment, isn't it now the
people's universal desire?

反方一辩:人们喜欢的期望的不一定都是好的。我相信,人们更倾向于在一个既 能享受到生活乐趣,同时又是一个健康和谐自然的环境中生存。People`s expectation is not necessarily that good.I believe that people tend to live in a life of happiness, and at the same time, survive in a healthy and harmonious natural environment

正方一辩: 请问对方辩友,原始社会的人类祖先们环境保护工作做得可谓好了吧,而他们 经济发展很落后,所所以才一直过着钻木取火、茹毛饮血的生活,按你们的 意思我们应该回归这种生活吗?
Excuse me, my fellow friends.In the primitive society, human ancestor`s environmental protection work is good, but to them Economic development is very backward, so it has been living a life of the earliest people, should we return to this kind of life according to your meaning?

正方总结:Our opponent said , ” we can’t sacrifice the environment for the economic growth”.I think what they said can’t come true at present.It’s unavoidable to harm the environment while developing economy.反方总结: Our opponent said ” the urgent affairs of china is developing our economy”.The goal we develop the economy today is to create a happy and comfortable life for people in the future.If the economic growth lead to the pollution of the environment, can we live a better life ?

第五篇:经济发展与环境保护

经济发展与环境保护

Economic development and environmental protection

作者:董佳祺

【摘要】近年来,国家力求发展,虽明确提出可持续发展要求,可公民对此意识薄弱,在发展的同时难以达到节能减排、经济与环境双赢的目的。本文列举一些在经济发展中遇到的环境问题及其相关解决办法,包括城镇环境保护措施,公路发展中的环境问题,农村生态资源保护及经济发展问题,林业生态保护及经济发展问题,水资源利用与保护,低碳经济与环境保护,生物技术在环境保护中的一些应用等。由于长期缺乏有效地管理,给环境造成了破坏,严重制约经济发展,经济与环境协调发展已经成为当今社会的要求。

关键词:环境保护;资源开发;可持续发展;

abstract : in recent years, countries try to develop, though clearly put sustainable development, can this weak awareness of citizens, in the development and at the same time it is difficult to meet the energy conservation and emission reduction, economic and environmental the win-win purpose.The paper lists some in the economic development of the environmental problems and the related meet solutions, including urban environmental protection measures, in the development of the highway environmental problems, the rural ecological resources protection and economic development, the forestry ecological protection and economic development, water resource utilization and protection, a low carbon economy and environment protection, biological technology in the environmental protection of the some applications.Due to long-term lack of effective management, environment caused by damage to the seriously restricted economic development, economic and environmental coordination development has become the most social requirements.Keywords: environmental protection;Resource development;Sustainable development;In recent years

1.环境与我们的生活息息相关,随着人类对自然的索取,自然资源越来越匮乏,而就目前的发展来看,经济的发展很大程度上是依赖于环境,在发展经济的同时,环境保护刻不容缓。节能减排,高效利用成为当代经济发展要求,同时必须做到科学发展,可持续发展。环境是我们生存的家园环境的好坏,直接影响到我们生活质量的高低,在发展的同时,要求人们处理好经济与环境的关系。在我国的高速发展中,创造了

GDP增长第一,外汇储备第一等,可相对的,也造成了排放温室气体第一等一系列问题,盲目的发展环境不堪重负。城市化水瓶的提高,公路的建设等,严重占用耕地,给农业发展造成不便;众多农村密集之地,砍伐成灾,植被资源受到严重损害;工业的发展,对资源难以有效利用,在经济效益小的情况下,对自然的索取及工业废物的排放也在威胁着环境的可持续性。目前已出现土地沙漠化,雨水酸化,淡水资源富营养化,温室效应等人类难以承受的环境问题。环境保护已成为当前发展的前提。制定保护环境相关法律法规,提出保护环境基本方法,加强公民环保意识已刻不容缓。

2.公路建设及其环境污染

公路建设原料为土、石、沥青、水泥等。土石的开采势必会对山体,植被资源受到破坏,水泥等来源也需庞大的能源供给,公路所经之地植被不能生长。公路的建设过程中,各项施工活动、建筑原材料装卸、运输、存放等不可避免地对周围环境造成影响,包括粉尘、噪音、废气、污水等。其中以粉尘和噪音污染为最。

2.1公路建设主要污染来源

2.1.1公路建设产生的气体污染

(1)土、石方的挖掘、堆放、清运、回填和场地平整等过程产生的粉尘;

(2)建筑材料如水泥、白灰、砂子、沥青以及土、石方等在其装卸、运输、堆放等过程中,因风力作用而产生的扬尘污染;

(3)搅拌车辆及运输车辆往来造成地面扬尘;

(4)施工垃圾堆放及清运过程中产生扬尘;

(5)施工机械驱动设备、沥青燃烧产生的废气;(6)运输及施工车辆在施工场地工作所排放的废气;

(7)施工队伍因生活需要使用燃料,产生的少量大气污染物。

2.1.2公路建设施工噪声主要来源

运输车辆和各种施工机械如打桩机、挖掘机、装载机、混凝土搅拌机、运输车辆、水稳拌合站、沥青拌合站等都是主要的噪声源。在施工过程中,往往是多台机器设备共同协作,根据相关资料显示,当声音叠加时,可产生声波共振效果,辐射范围更广,沿途车辆行驶也可造成噪声叠加。

2.1.3公路建设过程中污水主要来源

施工过程中产生的废水主要有施工废水和生活废水两个来源。施工时的污水外泄,施工器械的的清理等,同时施工人员生活用水也排放到环境中,给环境造成一定污染。

2.1.4公路建设过程中对环境的其他影响

在施工过程中,排放施工废气,同时,沥青,柴油,汽油,涂料等会使当地空气,水体,土壤造成化学污染。此外,公路建设可能占用根地,穿越植被等。

2.1.5公路建设过程中减轻环境污染的相关建议(1)原料来源

土石等可取工业废料,如建筑废料,也可去河流泥沙,即可对建筑造成废物进行处理,也可疏通河流。(2)减少废物排放

施工器械使用新型机器设备,使用新型燃料,对燃料进行高效利用及其减少废物的排放。同时施工人员生活废物正确处理。(3)化学药品消除污染(4)使用微生物降解污染

2.2农村生态环境保护

伴随农村经济社会的发展与进步,农村环境污染和生态破坏也在加剧。无论是面源污染、点源污染,还是生态环境破坏,都已成为影响农村经济持续发展、制约城乡一体化进程的严重障碍。

2.2.1城乡一体化进程对于生态环境保护的新要求

城乡一体化是我国城市和农村发展的趋势,包括以下几点:(1)城乡环境保护重视程度一体化。

(2)城乡环境保护管理体制一体化,即管理体制的设计一体化(针对城市和农村的不同特点完善相应的环境管理体制)和保障体系一体化(对城市和农村的环保投入实现均等)。

(3)城乡环境保护法制建设一体化,即城市和农村环保工作同样有法可依。服务于城乡环境保护法制建设的平等化,必须根据农村环保的特点,制定专门的农村环保基本法,修订与完善农村生态环境保护的法律法规体系。

2.2.2农村生态环境保护中政府的作用

政府职能决定了在农村环境保护中得主导做用,资源的优势分配,发展方向,产业结构等都需要政府指导作用。可政府在指导工作中也有一些缺陷:

(1)政府对农村环保意识缺乏。现在政府部门主要以经济发展为战略核心,对农村环境缺乏战略性,长期性的考虑;

(2)农村环境保护体制欠缺科学性。环境保护中强调政府作用,忽视群众参与,不利于公民环保意识的培养;

(3)缺乏有效的环境保护相关法律法规对农村生态环境的保护。现行法律法规其实农村环保,虽有部分条例,但缺乏针对性和可行性,一些重要领域还处在空白。

2.2.3农村生态环境保护办法和建议

(1)制定与完善农村环保法律体制。结合农村实际情况,经济发展与环境保护相结合;

(2)建立农村环境保护管理制度及部门,以科学发展观为指导思想,指导农村经济和环境协调发展;

(3)加大农村环保基金投入,改善农村环境状况;

(4)加强环保意识教育,使群众对环境保护有所认知,有所重视。

2.3林业生态保护及经济发展

在我国社会和国民经济飞速发展的同时,我国生态环境呈几何速度恶化,自然生态系统被污染和严重过度索取,大量自然资源都面临着短缺和后续乏力,其中林业资源也是其中之一。作为可再生资源的林业,由于缺乏科学、合理的开发,使得现目前我国森林生态系统退化速度过快,总体恶化,林业生态环境建设的主体缺位、供体错位,载体即林地和林木发展跟不上经济发展需求。林业生态环境恶化造成了每年数百亿的经济损失,传统的林业经济模式已经无法适用于现代社会经济发展,改变势在必行。林业是以森林为主的资源,生态系统复杂,是地球生态环境的重要组成,对地球环境起到不可替代的作用,当前社会林业的开发利用必须重视。

2.3.1林业保护在经济发展中的意义

大陆的很多产业以林业为依托,林业资源的充足与否直接关系到经济的发展速度,尤其现在提倡环境保护与经济协调发展,产业绿色化,越来越突出林业在经济发展中的重要作用。在很多产业的发展中,环境保护的好坏已经成为经济发展的标志。环境是人类赖以生存的家园,如果一味的谋求发展而忽略环境问题,这是不允许的。以其先污染,后治理,不如边保护,边发展。太多事实表明,环境污染的后果是沉重的,经济难以弥补。所以,在发展中,应力求经济与环境先协调,相互促进。

2.3.2林业保护相关建议

(1)提高林业的经济功能,完善林业产业结构,可以经济作物为主;(2)提高林农对经济发展和林业的认知,进行相关知识教育;(3)建立林业要素市场,使林业生产资源得到充分利用;

(4)可促进林业旅游资源的开发;(5)促进林业副产品产业的开发;(6)使林业生态环境保护形成产业;

(7)提高森林覆盖率,实现工业园区和园林城市协调发展。

2.4水资源利用与保护

水是人类赖以生存的最基本的物质基础。地球为人类及动植物提供了丰富的水资源,在水环境的作用下,又为人类及自然界提供生存繁衍的生物链,维持着人类及自然界的生存与发展。人类为了自身的生存与发展,利用先进的科学技术,大量地开发利用水资源,致使水环境遭到严重地破坏,由于工业用水量的大量增长,农业用水量的大量增加,城市人口的增多,造成了水资源的严重不足。特别是在国民经济高速发展的今天,工业废水、城市污水的大量排放,致使江、河、湖、泊的水质发生了改变,乃至造成水质污染,水环境受到了严重破坏。已报道的永定河的污染、太湖的绿藻、沿海的赤潮就是不合理的开发利用水资源给人类的警示。水资源水环境污染已经引起了各级政府的高度重视,开展水资源、水环境的研究十分必要。

2.4.1水资源保护中遇到的问题

(1)区域与流域问题。在一个流域内的水资源水环境是相互联系的统一体,当上游的水资源受到污染时,下游也会受到污染。因此在治理水污染时我们应该源头治理。(2)水质与水量问题。工业废水,生产废水,生活用水的排放,造成水质下降,出现诸多问题,如富营养化,酸化,碱化等。

(3)地表水与地下水问题。水资源水环境根据来源可分为地表水与地下水2个单元,在一定条件下又是联通的。可当地表水受到污染时,也会影响地下水的质量,且地下水难以得到有效的治理。2.4.2 在我们所关注的水资源和水环境中,一般偏重于海洋河的水资源水环境的状况。如从相关部门的水资源公报和水质简报获取的信息看,可以了解和掌握海洋河的水资源短缺的现状和水环境发生变化的情况,同时引起相关部门的重视,以致增加水资源量的措施和改善水环境的建议,但是却很少涉及内陆河,这是水资源保持工作的一个盲区,从现在各地区经济发展来说,在内地环境保护相对严格的情况下,一些污染严重的小厂矿企业已经向边远和经济发展相对较弱的区域进军,从地域上看,这些区域多数是人口相对较少的边远地区的内陆河区域,这应该引起我们的高度注意。同时,对于内陆河流域中的河流及湖泊由于水资源的偏少,水体交换能力低,一旦受到污染,其后果是相当严重的。因此,在重视水资源水环境保护和管理的过程中,更应特别关注内陆河流域的水资源水环境现状和发展趋势,防止出现先污染后治理的状况。再者,为

了加强内流河的管理及提高内流河区域的生态环境,可以考虑从外流河调水至内流河来,从而改善内流河区域水资源量不足的缺陷。

2.5低碳经济与环境保护

当今世界,我们的环境正面临着许多严峻的问题,比如气候变暖,空气和水资源污染,以及对自然资源日益增长的需求。低碳经济的概念应运而生。低碳环保已经成为人类可持续发展的核心共识,这就充分体现了人类对环境问题的重视,关注低能耗、低排放、低污染的生态需求。2.5.1环境保护和低碳经济的关系

低碳经济这一概念的首次提出是在2003年,尼古拉斯·斯特恩向英国政府提交《气候变化的经济学:斯特恩报告》,从气候学的角度对当前经济进行分析,并首次提出了低碳经济的概念。国际社会对于温室气体减排和全球气候变化的关注,催生了时下逐渐流行的低碳经济概念。自2003年英国能源白皮书《我们能源的未来:创建低碳经济》发表以来,为应对全球气候变化而发展低碳经济逐步成为一些国家的一项重要经济政策。2008年的世界环境日主题确定为“转变传统观念,推行低碳经济”,更加引起了世界各国的关注。低碳经济以低能耗、低排放、低污染为基本特征,以应对碳基能源对于气候变暖影响为基本要求,以实现经济社会的可持续发展为基本目的。低碳经济的实质在于提升能效技术、节能技术、可再生能源技术和温室气体减排技术,促进产品的低碳开发和维持全球的生态平衡。这是从高碳能源时代向低碳能源时代演化的一种经济发展模式。2.5.2我国低碳经济建设中的问题

领域取得了一定成就,发展中国家也开始推进低碳经济建设。总体来说,我国的低碳经济仍处于起步阶段,作为一个发展中大国,在低碳经济建设过程中,依然存在着诸多的问题和挑战。

(1)能源消耗持续增加。我国正处在现代化、工业化进程中,稳定与发展是我国经济建设的首要任务。而能源的持续供应与消费是经济发展的必需推动力。能源、钢铁、汽车、交通、建材、化工等六大高耗能产业的快速发展,使得我国的高碳经济状态仍然比较突出和明显。

(2)我国的资源储备决定了碳的高排放量。作为一个富煤贫油少气的国家,我国煤炭的比重占70%以上,而在各种能源中,煤炭含有最高的碳含量,因此我国二氧化碳排放强度和数量也相对较高,比世界平均水平高出30%以上。(3)产业结构阻碍低碳经济发展。目前我国三大产业结构比例为1:5:4,第二产业仍然是主体产业,这在很大程度上是由我国在国际贸易分工中的地位决定的,而我国目前又处于以高能耗为特征的工业化、现代化进程中。世界大部分

产业链低端产品都是在我国制造完成的,这就决定了我国需要消耗大量基础原材料,即煤炭、石油等高碳能源。

(4)低碳技术水平低下。低碳技术主要包括可再生能源技术、节能减排技术和碳捕获与封存技术等。联合国开发计划署《2010年中国人类发展报告》指出,中国实现未来低碳产业的目标,至少需要60种骨干技术支持,其中有42种是中国目前没有掌握的核心技术。可以看出,当前我国在低碳领域的整体技术水平还存在严重的落后性。

2.5.3在我国发展低碳经济的应对措施(1)加快改革

我国处于工业化、城市化、现代化进程中,工业所占比重过大在所难免,但是在经济建设过程中不能一味偏向工业的发展规模,而忽视了农业和服务业的发展。我国在建设低碳社会的过程中,应该从国家战略的高度统筹规划,积极进行产业结构的优化升级,从而制定完善的产业结构升级和改造计划。(2)提高能源利用效率

我国在低碳技术方面落后也世界平均水平,而在国际大环境下,低碳发展利国利民,开发能源利用新技术,高效利用资源有利于国民经济的发展,也有利于环境的保护。(4)加强低碳技术的研究与创新

现在我国低碳技术相对落后,在此可加强与其他国家的合作,提高能源利用技术。

2.6生物技术在环境保护中的一些应用

生物技术在处理环境污染物方面具有速度快、消耗低、效率高、成本低、反应条件温和以及无二次污染 等显著优点。随着生物技术研究的进展和人们对环境问题认识的深入,人们已越来越意识到,现代生物技术的发展,为从根本上解决环境问题提供了希望。

2.6.1现代生物技术与环境保护

(1)生物技术处理垃圾废弃物是降解破坏污染物的分子结构,降解的产物以及副产物,大都是可以被生物重新利用的,有助于把人类活动产生的环境污染减轻到最小程度,这样既做到一劳永逸,不留下长期污染问题,同时也对垃圾废弃物进行了资源化利用。

(2)利用发酵工程技术处理污染物质,最终转化产物大都是无毒无害的稳定物质,如二氧化碳、水、氮气和甲烷气体等,常常是一步到位,避免污染物的多次转移而造成重复污染,因此生物技术是一种既安全又彻底消除污染的手段。

(3)生物技术是以酶促反应为基础的生物化学过程,而作为生物催化剂的酶是一种

活性蛋白质,其反应过程是在常温常压和接近中性的条件下进行的,所以大多数生物治理技术可以就地实施,而且不影响其他作业的正常进行,与常常需要高温高压的化工过程比较,反应条件大大简化,具有设备简单、成本低廉、效果好、过程稳定、操作简便等优点。

2.6.2生物技术在环境保护中的应用(1)污水的生物净化

污水中的有毒物质的成分十分复杂,包括各种酚类、氰化物、重金属、有机磷、有机汞、有机酸、醛、醇及蛋白质等等。微生物通过自身的生命活动可以解除污水的毒害作用,从而使污水中的有毒物质转化为有益的无毒物质,使污水得到净化。(2)生物农药

化学农药的应用,对控制农作物的病虫害,增加农作物产量起了重要作用,但对人类的健康和生存环境却构成了很大的威胁。而生物农药却可解决这个难题。所谓生物农药是指由生物体产生的具有防止病虫害和除杂草等功能的一大类物质总称,它们多是生物体的代谢产物,主要包括微生物杀虫剂、农用抗生素制剂和微生物除草剂等。微生物杀虫剂,主要包括病毒杀虫剂、细菌杀虫剂、真菌杀虫剂、放线菌杀虫剂等。长期以来并没有得到广泛的使用。

结论:环境保护不仅是经济发展的要求,同时也是为造福子孙后代,为后代留下赖以生存的环境。在经济高速发展的今天,不能也为发展经济而忽略环境影响,我们要以科学发展观为理论指导,环境与经济统筹发展。大量的事实证明,先发展后治理是错的,边发展,边杜绝污染才是当今社会的要求。发展是人类社会的永恒主题,是人类不断否定过去和追求自我完善的过程,是现代人应有的自觉意识。科学的发展是以经济建设为中心、经济政治文化社会相协调的发展,是促进人与自然和谐的可持续发展。在有理论指导的基础山,产业结构的优化至关重要,同时,应该注重生物资源的合理开发利用,确保可持续发展要求。生物技术的发展,为经济发展和环境保护提出了捷径,因此,生物技术的发展不仅是科学研究的要求,也成为经济发展的要求。

致谢:

首先,感谢在日常生活和学习中指导和教育我的老师,不仅仅给我承受专业知识,同时教会了我许多生活的道理;其次,感谢我的同学和朋友,是你们在我困难时帮助了我,在困惑时指导了我,身边有你们一群人,很幸运;还要感谢伟大的学者们,是你们给我提供了丰富的科学资料,提供我学习,满足我的求知。

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