第一篇：2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(新课标II卷,解析版)
英语
本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。注意事项：
1．答第I卷前考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．选出每小题答案前，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号框,不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑．
A
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.faith and trust in people.We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A.Go shopping B.Find a house C.Join his family D.Take his family
2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______.A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policeman C.a letter in his papers
D.a stranger in Sydney
3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?
A.Showed B.Sent out C.Delivered D.Gave back
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.B
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the
environment.“We didn’t know at that time there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “Green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs;today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty –five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.” Until we do that, nothing else will change!” say Bruce Anderson.5.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___ A.the social movementB.recycling techniques C.environmental problems
D.the importance of Earth Day
6.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from? A.The grass –roots levelB.The business circleC.Government officials D.University professors
7.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection? A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest
B.They have settled their environmental problemsC.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.8.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph? A.EducationB.PlanningC.Green livingD.CO reduction
C
One of the latest trend（趋势）in American Childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford, for example, has got increasing numbers of request for Chinese au pairs from aero to around 4,000 since 2004.And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it would be useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age” Joseph Stock, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year old son.“I would at least like togive him the chance to use the language in the future,” After only six months of being cared by 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China.She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.” Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture.” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.” But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term” au pair” in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her ownB.A child learning a foreign language at homeC.A professor in language education of children D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.10.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ______.A.to live in China some dayB.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up wit other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture
11.What can we infer from the text?
A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America,B.Educated woman do better in looking after childrenC.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.D
Metro Pocket Guide 地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel.Free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one ticket of unlimited Metro rail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a, m.until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.Open 5amMon-Fri7a.mSat-SunOpen midnight Sun-Thur.Last train times vary.Train times Posted in stationsWhen paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTripⓇcard , the fare is 1.25.Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/Trip Ⓡ card.For more information about buying senior disabled farecard, SmarTripⓇcards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.Travel tips(提示)
.Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m.and between 4and 6p.m..If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195.12.What should you know about farecard machines?
A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B.They are connected to change machines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.13.At what time does Metrorall stop service on Saturday?
A.At midnight.B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.D.At 7a.m.14.What is good about a SmarTripⓇcard?
A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its users C It can be bought at any train D.It is sold on the Internet
15.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
A.202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100 C.202-637-7000 D.202-637-8000
第二节（共5小题：每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spent in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread?.It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for future meal.This may surprise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try, the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes Mountains.They reached the top 21______, but on their way back conditions were very 22_______.Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon 23_______ alone, he would probably get back 24_______.But Simon decided to risk his 25_______ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳.As they 26_______ down, the weather got worse.Then another 27_______ occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and,28_______, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁.It was 29_______ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s 30_______ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice.31_______, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to 32_______.In tears, he cut the rope.Joe 33_______ into a large crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he 34_______ to get out of the crevasse and started to 35_______ towards their camp, nearly ten kilometers 36_______.Simon had 37_______ the camp at the foot of the mountain.He thought that Joe must be 38_______, but he didn’t want to leave39_______.Three days later, in the middle of the night, he heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t 40_______ it.Joe was there, a few meters from their tent, still alive.21.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early 22.A.difficultB.similarC.specialD.normal 23.A.climbedB.workedC.restedD.continued 24.A.unwillinglyB.safelyC.slowlyD.regretfully25.A.fortuneB.timeC.healthD.life26.A.layB.settledC.wentD.looked27.A.damageB.stormC.changeD.trouble28.A.by mistakeB.by chanceC.by choice D.by luck
29.A.unnecessaryB.practicalC.importantD.impossible30.A.heightB.weightC.strengthD.equipment31.A.FinallyB.PatientlyC SurelyD Quickly32.A.stand backB.take a restC.make a decisionD.hold on33.A.jumpedB.fellC escapedD backed34.A.managedB.plannedC.waitedD.hoped35.A.runB.skateC.moveD.march36.A.aroundB.awayC.aboveD.along
37.A.headed forB.traveled toC.left forD.returned to38.A.deadB.hurtC.weakD.late39.A.secretlyB.tiredlyC.immediatelyD.anxiously40.A.findB.believeC.makeD.accept
My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening
music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our第二卷 注意：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
friends.第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）第二节书面表达（满分25分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。【题文】 一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想 One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41 完成短文。some of them 1.家庭： looked very anxious and 43 2．工作： hurried on board.I got a place next 44the window, so I had a good view of 3.业余生活。the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45(catch)my attention.he was riding beside 注意：1.词数100左右： the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 463.开头语已为你写好。(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally, when we came to the I often imagine what my life will be like in the future.next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver
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stood up and asked, “ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted, “I）.She pushed her way to the driver and to
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the little boy.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done.And the passengers 50（sudden）became friendly to one another.______________________________________________________________________________
第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）
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第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
【题文】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
______________________________________________________________________________
文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，每处仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
______________________________________________________________________________
删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
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2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________
第二篇：2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(贵州卷)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(贵州卷)
英语
第Ⅰ卷
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(A)
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping.He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone.He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.He reported the case to the police and then sat there, lost and lonely in a strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organised again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.Late in the evening, the phone rang.It was a stranger.He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions.Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can(垃圾桶)that had been left out on the footpath.My husbnad rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents.Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers.Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly forengn addresses on most of the documents.At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend.That family not onlythe important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.We still remenber their kindness and often send a warm wish their way.1.What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?
A.Go shopping.B.Find a house.C.Join his family.D.Take a vacation.2.The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from ___.A.a friend of his family B.a Sydney policemanC.a letter in his papers D.a sranger in Sydney
3.What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?A.Showed.B.Sent out.C.Delivered.D.Gave back.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.From India to Australia.B.Living in a New Country.C.Turning Trash to Treasure.D.In Search of New Friends.(B)
Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment.“We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it,” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.But what began as nothing important in public affair has grown into a social movement.Business people, political leaders, university professors, and sepecially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The undersatnding has increased many, many times,” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.According to US government reports, emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.Great improvement has been achieved.In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs, today in 1995 there are about 6,600.Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment.Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program.“Until we do that, nothing else will change!” says Bruce Anderson.5.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ___.A.the social movement B.recycling techniquesC.environmental problems D.the importance of Earth Day
6.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?A.The grass-roots level.B.The business circle.C.Government officials.D.University professors.7.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?A.They have cut car emissions to the lowest.B.They have settled their environmental problems.C.They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.D.They have reduced pollution through effective measures.8.What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?
A.Education.B.Planning.C.Green living.D.CO reduction.(C)
One of the latest trends(趋势)in American childcare is Chinese au pairs.Au Pair in Stamford, Conn., for example, has got increasing numbers of requests for Chinese au pairs from zero to around 4,000 since 2004.And that’s true all across the country.“I thought it wouls be very useful for him to learn Chinese at an early age,” Joseph Stocke, the managing director of a company, says of his 2-year-old son.“I would at least like to give him the chance to use the language in the futurre.” After only six months of being cared for by a 25-year-old woman from China, the boy can already understand basic Chinese daily expressions, his dad says.Li Drake, a Chinese native raising two children in Minnesota with an American husband, had another reason for looking for an au pair from China: She didn’t want her children to miss out on their roots.“Because I am Chinese, my husband and I wanted the children to keep exposed to(接触)the language and culture,” she says.“Staying with a native speaker is better for children than simply sitting in a classroom,” says Suzanne Flynn, a professor in language education of Children.“But parents must understand that just one year with au pair is unlikely to produce wonders.Complete mastery demands continued learning until the age of 10 or 12.”
The popularity of au pairs from china has been strengthened by the increasing numbers of American parents who want their children who want their children to learn Chinese.It is expected that American demand for au pairs will continue to rise in the next few years.9.What does that term “au pair” in the text mean?A.A mother raising her children on her own.B.A child learning a foreign language at home.C.A professor in language education of children.D.A young foreign woman taking care of children.10.Li Drake has her children study Chinese because she wants them ___.A.to live in China some day B.to speak the language at homeC.to catch up with other children D.to learn about the Chinese culture 11.What can we infer from the text?
A.Learning Chinese is becoming popular In America.B.Educated woman do better in looking after children.C.Chinese au pairs need to improve their English Skills.D.Children can learn a foreign language well in six months.(D)
Metro Pocket Guide
地铁)
Earth passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out.Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer.Farecard machines are in every station.Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.Get one day of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass.Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations.Use it after 9:30 a.m.until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.Open: 5 a.m.Mon.—Fri.7 a.m.Sat.—Sun.Close: midnight Sun.—Thurs.3 a.m.Fri.—Sat.Nights
Last train times vary.To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted stations.When paying with exact change, the fare is $1.35.When paying with a SmarTrip® card, the fare is $1.25.Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare.On Metrorail and Metrobus, sue a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip® card.For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, SmarTrip® cards and passes, please visit MetroOPensDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrirail service by calling 202-962-1100.(提示)
• Avoid riding during weekday rush periods — before 9:30 a.m.and between 4
and 6 p.m.• If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.12.What should you know about farecard machines?A.They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.B.They are connected to change nachines.C.They offer special service to the elderly.D.They make change for no more than $5.13.At what time does Metrolrail stop service on Saturday?A.At midnight.B.At 3 a.m.C.At 5 a.m.D.At 7 p.m.14.What is good about a SmarTrip® card?
A.It is convenient for old people.B.It saves money for its usersC.It can be bought at ant time.D.It is sold on the Internet.15.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?A.202-962-1195.B.202-962-1100.C.202-637-7000.D.202-637-8000.第二节(共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time.16.___ Money is a topic I’ll save for another day.So today i want to gove you some wisedom about how to make the most of time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:
⒈ Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when I’m already hungry and there’s nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook? Do you have the right materials already? 17.___
⒉ Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal, make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread? 18.___ It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal.⒊ 19.___ This may surise you, but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.Hopefully that gives you a good start.20.___ And don’t let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live!
A.Try new things.B.Ability is easily improved.C.Make three or four instead.D.Understand your food better.E.Cooking is a burden for many people.F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden.G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of back conditions were very fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope(绳).As they down, the weather got worse.Then another occurred.They couldn’t see or hear each other and, precipice(峭壁for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up.Joe’s large crevasse(裂缝)in the ice below.He had no food or water and he was in terrible pain.He couldn’t walk, but he , but he didn’t want to leave heard Joe’s voice.He couldn’t alive.21.A.hurriedly B.carefully C.successfully D.early 22.A.difficult B.similar C.special D.normal 23.A.climbed B.worked C.rested D.continued 24.A.unwillingly B.safely C.slowly D.regretfully 25.A.fortune B.time C.health D.life 26.A.lay B.settled C.went D.looked 27.A.damage B.storm C.change D.trouble 28.A.by mistake B.by chance C.by choice D.by luck 29.A.unnecessary B.practical C.important D.impossible 30.A.height B.weight C.strength D.equipment 31.A.Finally B.Patiently C.Surely D.Quickly 32.A.stand back B.take a rest C.make a decision D.hold on 33.A.jumped B.fell C.escaped D.backed 34.A.managed B.planed C.waited D.hoped 35.A.run B.skate C.move D.march 36.A.around B.away C.above D.along 37.A.headed for B.traveled to C.left for D.returned to 38.A.dead B.hurt C.weak D.late 39.A.secretly B.tiredly C.immediately D.anxiously 40.A.Find B.Believe C.make D.accept
第II卷
第二节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about 41.________(be)late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop, 42.________ some of them looked very anxious and 43.________(disappoint).When the bus finally
came, we all hurried on board.I got a place next 44.________ the window, so I had
a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike 45.________(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused 46.________(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still, the boy kept 47.________(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked, “48.________ anyone lode a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear!It’s 49.________(I).” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers 50.________(sudden)became friendly to one another.第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线〔〕划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：⒈ 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
⒉ 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore, we have more time with after-school activities.For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest, or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”。请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。
⒈ 家庭；⒉ 工作；⒊ 业余生活。
注意：① 词数100左右：② 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；③ 开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。
第三篇：精品解析：2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试理科数学(新课标II卷)(原卷版)
绝密★启用前
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
理科数学
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2．作答时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题：本题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。1.A.B.C.D.，则中元素的个数为 2.已知集合A.9
B.8
C.5
D.4 3.函数的图象大致为
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D 4.已知向量，满足，则
A.4
B.3
C.2
D.0 5.双曲线的离心率为，则其渐近线方程为 A.6.在A.B.中，B.7.为计算
C.C.，D.D.，则，设计了下面的程序框图，则在空白框中应填入
A.B.C.D.8.我国数学家陈景润在哥德巴赫猜想的研究中取得了世界领先的成果．哥德巴赫猜想是“每个大于2的偶数可以表示为两个素数的和”，如等于30的概率是
．在不超过30的素数中，随机选取两个不同的数，其和A.B.C.D.中，，则异面直线
与
所成角的余弦值为 9.在长方体A.B.10.若A.B.C.11.已知A.是定义域为
C.在D.是减函数，则的最大值是
D.的奇函数，满足
．若，则
B.0
C.2
D.50 12.已知，是椭圆为等腰三角形，A.B.C.D.的左，右焦点，是的左顶点，点在过且斜率为的直线上，则的离心率为
二、填空题：本题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分。13.曲线14.若15.已知在点满足约束条件，处的切线方程为__________．
则，则，的最大值为__________． __________．
所成角的余弦值为，与圆锥底面所成角为45°，若的16.已知圆锥的顶点为，母线面积为，则该圆锥的侧面积为__________．
三、解答题：共70分。解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤。第17～21题为必考题，每个试题考生都必须作答。第22、23为选考题，考生根据要求作答。学科&网
（一）必考题：共60分。17.记为等差数列
（1）求的前项和，已知，． 的通项公式；
（2）求，并求的最小值．18.下图是某地区2000年至2016年环境基础设施投资额（单位：亿元）的折线图．
为了预测该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额，建立了与时间变量的两个线性回归模型．根据2000年至2016年的数据（时间变量的值依次为年的数据（时间变量的值依次为）建立模型①：
．
；根据2010年至2016）建立模型②：
（1）分别利用这两个模型，求该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额的预测值；
（2）你认为用哪个模型得到的预测值更可靠？并说明理由． 19.设抛物线的焦点为，过且斜率为的直线与交于，两点，．
（1）求的方程；
（2）求过点，且与的准线相切的圆的方程． 20.如图，在三棱锥（1）证明：（2）若点在棱中，平面；
为，求
与平面
所成角的正弦值．，为的中点．
上，且二面角
21.已知函数（1）若．，证明：当
时，；（2）若在只有一个零点，求．
（二）选考题：共10分。请考生在第22、23题中任选一题作答。如果多做，则按所做的第一题计分。22.[选修4－4：坐标系与参数方程] 在直角坐标系中，曲线的参数方程为
（为参数），直线的参数方程为
（为参数）.（1）求和的直角坐标方程；
（2）若曲线截直线所得线段的中点坐标为，求的斜率．
23.[选修4－5：不等式选讲]
设函数．
（1）当时，求不等式的解集；
（2）若，求的取值范围．
第四篇：2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试文科数学(新课标II卷)
………线…………○………… ………线…………○…………
绝密★启用前
2018年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试文科数学（新课标II
卷）
第I卷（选择题）
1．A.B.C.D.……○ __○…___…_…___……__…：…号…订考_订_…___……___……___……：级…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…装姓装_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○学○……………………外内……………………○○……………………2．已知集合，则
A.B.C.D.3．函数的图像大致为
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D 4．已知向量，满足，则
A.4B.3C.2D.0
5．从2名男同学和3名女同学中任选2人参加社区服务，则选中的2人都是女同学的概率为 A.B.C.D.6．双曲线的离心率为，则其渐近线方程为
A.B.C.D.7．在中，，则
A.B.C.D.8．为计算，设计了下面的程序框图，则在空白框中应填入
试卷第1页，总4页
………线…………○…………
………线…………○…………
A.B.C.D.9．在正方体中，为棱的中点，则异面直线
与
所成角的正切值为
A.B.C.D.10．若在是减函数，则的最大值是
A.B.C.D.11．已知，是椭圆的两个焦点，是上的一点，若，且，则的离心率为
A.B.C.D.12．已知是定义域为的奇函数，满足
．若，则
A.B.0
C.2
D.50
试卷第2页，总4页
……○ …※○※……题※……※…答…※…订※内订…※……※线……※…※…订…○※※○…装…※…※……在※……※装要…※装…※不……※……※请……※※…○○……………………内外……………………○○……………………………线…………○………… ………线…………○…………
第II卷（非选择题）
13．曲线在点
处的切线方程为__________．
14．若满足约束条件 则的最大值为__________．
15．已知，则__________．，互相垂直，与圆锥底面所成角为，若的16．已知圆锥的顶点为，母线……○ __○…___…_…___……__…：…号…订考_订_…___……___……___……：级…○班_○…___…_…__…_…___……：名…装姓装_…__…_…___……___……_:校…○学○……………………外内……………………○○……………………面积为，则该圆锥的体积为__________．
17．记为等差数列的前项和，已知，．
（1）求的通项公式；
（2）求，并求的最小值．
18．下图是某地区2000年至2016年环境基础设施投资额（单位：亿元）的折线图．
为了预测该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额，建立了与时间变量的两个线性回归模型．根据2000年至2016年的数据（时间变量的值依次为）建立模型①：；根据2010年至2016年的数据（时间变量的值依次为）建立模型②：
．
（1）分别利用这两个模型，求该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额的预测值；
（2）你认为用哪个模型得到的预测值更可靠？并说明理由． 19．如图，在三棱锥
中，，为的中点．
试卷第3页，总4页
………线…………○…………
（1）证明：
（2）若点在棱
平面上，且
；，求点到平面的距离．
………线…………○…………
20．设抛物线的焦点为，过且斜率为的直线与交于，两点，．
（1）求的方程；
（2）求过点，且与的准线相切的圆的方程．
21．已知函数．
（1）若，求的单调区间；
（2）证明：只有一个零点．
22．[选修4－4：坐标系与参数方程] 在直角坐标系中，曲线的参数方程为
（为参数），直线的参数方程为（为参数）.（1）求和的直角坐标方程；
（2）若曲线截直线所得线段的中点坐标为，求的斜率．
23．[选修4－5：不等式选讲]
设函数．
（1）当时，求不等式的解集；
（2）若，求的取值范围．
试卷第4页，总4页
……○ …※○※……题※……※…答…※…订※内订…※……※线……※…※…订…○※※○…装……※※……在※……※…装要※装…※不……※……※请……※…○※○……………………内外……………………○○……………………本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
参考答案
1．D 【解析】分析：根据公式详解：，可直接计算得，故选D.点睛：复数题是每年高考的必考内容，一般以选择或填空形式出现，属简单得分题，高考中复数主要考查的内容有：复数的分类、复数的几何意义、共轭复数，复数的模及复数的乘除运算，在解决此类问题时，注意避免忽略2．C 【解析】分析：根据集合详解：，故选C
点睛：集合题也是每年高考的必考内容，一般以客观题形式出现，一般解决此类问题时要先将参与运算的集合化为最简形式，如果是“离散型”集合可采用Venn图法解决，若是“连续型”集合则可借助不等式进行运算.3．B 【解析】分析：通过研究函数奇偶性以及单调性，确定函数图像.，可直接求解
.中的负号导致出错.详解：舍去D;
为奇函数，舍去A,，所以舍去C；因此选B.点睛：有关函数图象识别问题的常见题型及解题思路（1）由函数的定义域，判断图象左右的位置，由函数的值域，判断图象的上下位置；②由函数的单调性，判断图象的变化趋势；③由函数的奇偶性，判断图象的对称性；④由函数的周期性，判断图象的循环往复．
4．B 【解析】分析：根据向量模的性质以及向量乘法得结果.详解：因为所以选B.点睛：向量加减乘：
答案第1页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
5．D 【解析】分析：分别求出事件“2名男同学和3名女同学中任选2人参加社区服务”的总可能及事件“选中的2人都是女同学”的总可能，代入概率公式可求得概率.详解：设2名男同学为，3名女同学为，共10种从以上5名同学中任选2人总共有可能，选中的2人都是女同学的情况共有
共三种可能
则选中的2人都是女同学的概率为故选D.，点睛：应用古典概型求某事件的步骤：第一步，判断本试验的结果是否为等可能事件，设出事件；第二步，分别求出基本事件的总数与所求事件中所包含的基本事件个数；第三步，利用公式求出事件的概率.6．A 【解析】分析：根据离心率得a,c关系，进而得a,b关系，再根据双曲线方程求渐近线方程，得结果.详解：
因为渐近线方程为，所以渐近线方程为，选A.点睛：已知双曲线方程求渐近线方程：.7．A 【解析】分析：先根据二倍角余弦公式求cosC,再根据余弦定理求AB.详解：因为
所以，选A.点睛：解三角形问题，多为边和角的求值问题，这就需要根据正、余弦定理结合已知条件灵活转化边和角之间的关系，从而达到解决问题的目的.8．B
答案第2页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
【解析】分析：根据程序框图可知先对奇数项累加，偶数项累加，最后再相减.因此累加量为隔项.详解：由因此在空白框中应填入
得程序框图先对奇数项累加，偶数项累加，最后再相减.，选B.点睛：算法与流程图的考查，侧重于对流程图循环结构的考查.先明晰算法及流程图的相关概念，包括选择结构、循环结构、伪代码，其次要重视循环起点条件、循环次数、循环终止条件，更要通过循环规律，明确流程图研究的数学问题，是求和还是求项.9．C 【解析】分析：利用正方体成角的正切值，在详解：在正方体所以异面直线与所成角为中进行计算即可.中，，中，将问题转化为求共面直线
与
所设正方体边长为，则由为棱所以 的中点，可得，则故选C..点睛：求异面直线所成角主要有以下两种方法：
（1）几何法：①平移两直线中的一条或两条，到一个平面中；②利用边角关系，找到（或构造）所求角所在的三角形；③求出三边或三边比例关系，用余弦定理求角.（2）向量法：①求两直线的方向向量；②求两向量夹角的余弦；③因为直线夹角为锐角，所以②对应的余弦取绝对值即为直线所成角的余弦值.10．A
答案第3页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
【解析】分析：先确定三角函数单调减区间，再根据集合包含关系确定的最大值
详解：因为，所以由得
因此点睛：函数，从而的最大值为，选A.的性质：
(1).(2)周期(3)由 求对称轴，(4)由
求增区间;
由11．D 【解析】分析：设离心率.详解：在设中，则
求减区间.，则根据平面几何知识可求，再结合椭圆定义可求
，又由椭圆定义可知则离心率故选D.，点睛：椭圆定义的应用主要有两个方面：一是判断平面内动点与两定点的轨迹是否为椭圆，二是利用定义求焦点三角形的周长、面积、椭圆的弦长及最值和离心率问题等；“焦点三角形”是椭圆问题中的常考知识点，在解决这类问题时经常会用到正弦定理，余弦定理以及椭圆的定义.12．C
答案第4页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
【解析】分析：先根据奇函数性质以及对称性确定函数周期，再根据周期以及对应函数值求结果.详解：因为所以因此因为，所以，从而，选C.是定义域为的奇函数，且,，点睛：函数的奇偶性与周期性相结合的问题多考查求值问题，常利用奇偶性及周期性进行变换，将所求函数值的自变量转化到已知解析式的函数定义域内求解． 13．y=2x–2
【解析】分析：求导，可得斜率，进而得出切线的点斜式方程.详解：由则曲线在点，得，.处的切线的斜率为，即则所求切线方程为点睛：求曲线在某点处的切线方程的步骤：①求出函数在该点处的导数值即为切线斜率；②写出切线的点斜式方程；③化简整理.14．9
【解析】分析：作出可行域，根据目标函数的几何意义可知当详解：不等式组表示的可行域是以标函数的最大值必在顶点处取得，易知当
时，.为顶点的三角形区域，如下图所示，目
时，.点睛：线性规划问题是高考中常考考点，主要以选择及填空的形式出现，基本题型为给出约
答案第5页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
束条件求目标函数的最值，主要结合方式有：截距型、斜率型、距离型等.15．
【解析】分析：利用两角差的正切公式展开，解方程可得.详解：，解方程得.点睛：本题主要考查学生对于两角和差公式的掌握情况，属于简单题型，解决此类问题的核心是要公式记忆准确，特殊角的三角函数值运算准确.16．8π
【解析】分析：作出示意图，根据条件分别求出圆锥的母线代入公式计算即可.详解：如下图所示，高，底面圆半径的长，又，解得，所以，所以该圆锥的体积为.点睛：此题为填空题的压轴题，实际上并不难，关键在于根据题意作出相应图形，利用平面
答案第6页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
几何知识求解相应线段长，代入圆锥体积公式即可.17．（1）an=2n–9，（2）Sn=n2–8n，最小值为–16．
【解析】分析：（1）根据等差数列前n项和公式，求出公差，再代入等差数列通项公式得结果，（2）根据等差数列前n项和公式得的二次函数关系式，根据二次函数对称轴以及自变量为正整数求函数最值.详解：（1）设{an}的公差为d，由题意得3a1+3d=–15． 由a1=–7得d=2．
所以{an}的通项公式为an=2n–9．
（2）由（1）得Sn=n2–8n=（n–4）2–16．
所以当n=4时，Sn取得最小值，最小值为–16．
点睛：数列是特殊的函数，研究数列最值问题，可利用函数性质，但要注意其定义域为正整数集这一限制条件.18．（1）利用模型①预测值为226.1，利用模型②预测值为256.5，（2）利用模型②得到的预测值更可靠． 【解析】分析：（1）两个回归直线方程中无参数，所以分别求自变量为2018时所对应的函数值，就得结果，（2）根据折线图知2000到2009，与2010到2016是两个有明显区别的直线，且2010到2016的增幅明显高于2000到2009，也高于模型1的增幅，因此所以用模型2更能较好得到2018的预测.详解：（1）利用模型①，该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额的预测值为 =–30.4+13.5×19=226.1（亿元）．
利用模型②，该地区2018年的环境基础设施投资额的预测值为 =99+17.5×9=256.5（亿元）．
（2）利用模型②得到的预测值更可靠． 理由如下：（i）从折线图可以看出，2000年至2016年的数据对应的点没有随机散布在直线y=–30.4+13.5t上下，这说明利用2000年至2016年的数据建立的线性模型①不能很好地描述环境基础设施投资额的变化趋势．2010年相对2009年的环境基础设施投资额有明显增加，2010年至2016年的数据对应的点位于一条直线的附近，这说明从2010年开始环境基础设施投资额的变化规律呈线性增长趋势，利用2010年至2016年的数据建立的线性模型=99+17.5t可以较好地描述2010年以后的环境基础设施投资额的变化趋势，因此利用模型②得到的预测值更可靠．（ii）从计算结果看，相对于2016年的环境基础设施投资额220亿元，由模型①得到的预测值226.1亿元的增幅明显偏低，而利用模型②得到的预测值的增幅比较合理，说明利用模型②得到的预测值更可靠．
以上给出了2种理由，考生答出其中任意一种或其他合理理由均可得分．
点睛：若已知回归直线方程，则可以直接将数值代入求得特定要求下的预测值；若回归直线方程有待定参数，则根据回归直线方程恒过点
求参数.答案第7页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
19．解：
（1）因为AP=CP=AC=4，O为AC的中点，所以OP⊥AC，且OP=
．
连结OB．因为AB=BC=由，所以△ABC为等腰直角三角形，且OB⊥AC，OB==2．
知，OP⊥OB．
由OP⊥OB，OP⊥AC知PO⊥平面ABC．
（2）作CH⊥OM，垂足为H．又由（1）可得OP⊥CH，所以CH⊥平面POM． 故CH的长为点C到平面POM的距离．
由题设可知OC==2，CM==，∠ACB=45°．
所以OM=，CH==．
所以点C到平面POM的距离为【解析】分析：（1）连接点作
．
平面，只需证明
即可；（2）过，欲证，垂足为，只需论证的长即为所求，再利用平面几何知识求解即可.． 详解：（1）因为AP=CP=AC=4，O为AC的中点，所以OP⊥AC，且OP=连结OB．因为AB=BC=由，所以△ABC为等腰直角三角形，且OB⊥AC，OB==2．
知，OP⊥OB．
由OP⊥OB，OP⊥AC知PO⊥平面ABC．
答案第8页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
（2）作CH⊥OM，垂足为H．又由（1）可得OP⊥CH，所以CH⊥平面POM． 故CH的长为点C到平面POM的距离．
由题设可知OC==2，CM==，∠ACB=45°．
所以OM=，CH==．
所以点C到平面POM的距离为．
点睛：立体几何解答题在高考中难度低于解析几何，属于易得分题，第一问多以线面的证明为主，解题的核心是能将问题转化为线线关系的证明；本题第二问可以通过作出点到平面的距离线段求解，也可利用等体积法解决.20．(1)y=x–1,(2)
或
．，再联立直线方程与抛物线方程，利【解析】分析：(1)根据抛物线定义得用韦达定理代入求出斜率，即得直线的方程；（2）先求AB中垂线方程，即得圆心坐标关系，再根据圆心到准线距离等于半径得等量关系，解方程组可得圆心坐标以及半径，最后写出圆的标准方程.详解：（1）由题意得F（1，0），l的方程为y=k（x–1）（k>0）． 设A（x1，y1），B（x2，y2）．
由得．
，故．
答案第9页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
所以．
由题设知，解得k=–1（舍去），k=1．
因此l的方程为y=x–1．
（2）由（1）得AB的中点坐标为（3，2），所以AB的垂直平分线方程为，即
．
设所求圆的圆心坐标为（x0，y0），则
解得因此所求圆的方程为
或
或
．
点睛：确定圆的方程方法
(1)直接法：根据圆的几何性质，直接求出圆心坐标和半径，进而写出方程．(2)待定系数法 ①若已知条件与圆心组，从而求出
和半径有关，则设圆的标准方程依据已知条件列出关于的方程的值；
②若已知条件没有明确给出圆心或半径，则选择圆的一般方程，依据已知条件列出关于D、E、F的方程组，进而求出D、E、F的值． 21．解：
（1）当a=3时，f（x）=令f ′（x）=0解得x=当x∈（–∞，当x∈（，）∪（或x=，f ′（x）=．
．，+∞）时，f ′（x）>0；）时，f ′（x）<0．），（，+∞）单调递增，在（，）单调递减． 故f（x）在（–∞，（2）由于，所以等价于．
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设=，则g ′（x）=≥0，仅当x=0时g ′（x）=0，所以g（x）在（–∞，+∞）单调递增．故g（x）至多有一个零点，从而f（x）至多有一个零点．
又f（3a–1）=综上，f（x）只有一个零点． 【解析】分析：（1）将，f（3a+1）=，故f（x）有一个零点．
代入，求导得，令求得增区间，令求得减区间；（2）令，即，则将问题转化为函数只有一个零点问题，研究函数单调性可得.详解：（1）当a=3时，f（x）=令f ′（x）=0解得x=当x∈（–∞，当x∈（，）∪（或x=
．，f ′（x）=．，+∞）时，f ′（x）>0；）时，f ′（x）<0．），（，+∞）单调递增，在（，）单调递减． 故f（x）在（–∞，（2）由于，所以等价于．
设=，则g ′（x）=≥0，仅当x=0时g ′（x）=0，所以g（x）在（–∞，+∞）单调递增．故g（x）至多有一个零点，从而f（x）至多有一个零点．
又f（3a–1）=综上，f（x）只有一个零点．，f（3a+1）=，故f（x）有一个零点．
点睛：（1）用导数求函数单调区间的步骤如下：①确定函数由当（或时，）解出相应的的取值范围，当在相应区间上是减增函数.的定义域；②求导数；③
时，在相应区间上是增函数；
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（2）本题第二问重在考查零点存在性问题，解题的关键在于将问题转化为求证函数一零点，可先证明其单调，再结合零点存在性定理进行论证.22．（1）当方程为时，的直角坐标方程为，当
有唯
时，的直角坐标．（2）【解析】分析：(1)根据同角三角函数关系将曲线的参数方程化为直角坐标方程，根据代入消元法将直线的参数方程化为直角坐标方程，此时要注意分将直线参数方程代入曲线的直角坐标方程，根据参数几何意义得，即得的斜率．
与
两种情况.(2)之间关系，求得详解：（1）曲线的直角坐标方程为当当时，的直角坐标方程为时，的直角坐标方程为
．
．，（2）将的参数方程代入的直角坐标方程，整理得关于的方程
．①
因为曲线截直线所得线段的中点
在内，所以①有两个解，设为，则
．
又由①得，故，于是直线的斜率．
点睛：直线的参数方程的标准形式的应用
过点M0(x0，y0)，倾斜角为α的直线l的参数方程是.(t是参数，t可正、可负、可为0)
若M1，M2是l上的两点，其对应参数分别为t1，t2，则
(1)M1，M2两点的坐标分别是(x0＋t1cos α，y0＋t1sin α)，(x0＋t2cos α，y0＋t2sin α).(2)|M1M2|＝|t1－t2|.(3)若线段M1M2的中点M所对应的参数为t，则t＝，中点M到定点M0的距离|MM0|＝|t|＝.答案第12页，总13页 本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
(4)若M0为线段M1M2的中点，则t1＋t2＝0.23．（1）,(2)
【解析】分析：（1）先根据绝对值几何意义将不等式化为三个不等式组，分别求解，最后求并集，（2）先化简不等式为小值，最后解不等式详解：（1）当时，再根据绝对值三角不等式得
得的取值范围．
最
可得（2）而由可得或的解集为等价于，且当
．
．
时等号成立．故
等价于
．
．，所以的取值范围是点睛：含绝对值不等式的解法有两个基本方法，一是运用零点分区间讨论，二是利用绝对值的几何意义求解．法一是运用分类讨论思想，法二是运用数形结合思想，将绝对值不等式与函数以及不等式恒成立交汇、渗透，解题时强化函数、数形结合与转化化归思想方法的灵活应用，这是命题的新动向．
答案第13页，总13页
第五篇：2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标II)历史部分
2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(新课标II卷)文科综合能力测试（历史试题）
24.司马迁著《史记》时，文献关于黄帝的记述内容不一甚至荒诞，有人据以否宁黄帝的真实性。司马迁游历各地，常常遇到人们传颂黄帝的事迹。有鉴于此，他从文献中“择其言尤雅者”编成黄帝的事迹列于本纪之首。这一撰述过程表明 A.《史记》关于黄帝的记录准确可信 B.传说一定程度上可以反映历史真实 C.历史文献记录应当与口头传说相印证 D.最完整的历史文本记录的历史最真实
25.汉唐制定土地法规.限制私有大土地的发展，宋代一改此法，“不抑兼并”。据此可知宋代 A.中央集权弱化 B.流民问题严重 C.土地兼并缓和 D.自耕小农衰退
26.明朝有人描述在广东大灰岭所见:“盖北货过南者，悉皆金小轻细之物：南货过北者，悉皆盐铁粗重之类。过南者月无百驮，过北者日有数千。.这表明当时 A.岭南经济发展程度高于北方 B.岭南是商人活动的主要地区 C.以物易物是商贸的主要方式 D.区域差异造成长途贸易兴盛
27.清代有学者说：“古有儒、释、道三教，自明以来，又多一教，曰小说„„士大夫农、工、商贾，无不习闻之，以至儿童、妇女不识字者，亦皆闻而如见之，是其教较之儒、释、道而更广也。”这表明
A.小说成为一种新的宗教传播载体
B.小说的兴起冲击了封建等级观念 C.市民阶层扩大推动世俗文化发展
D.世俗文化整合了社会的价值观念 28.“蓝脸的窦尔敦盗御马，红脸的关公战长沙，黄脸的典韦白脸的曹操，黑脸的张飞叫喳喳。”京剧艺术中人物的脸谱
A.真实再现了客观历史
B.固化了大众的历史认知 C.正确评断了历史人物。
D.提升了历史人物的价值
29.1877年，清政府采纳驻英公使郭嵩焘的建议，在新加坡设立领事馆。此后，又在美国旧金山、日本横滨、神户、大阪及南洋华侨聚居的商埠设立了领事馆，这反映了清政府 A.力图摆脱不平等条约的约束
B.外交上开始出现制度性变化 C.逐步向近代外交转变
D.国际地位得到提高 30.抗日战争期间，湖北省政府曾发布《湖北省减租实施办法》，在农村推行“减租”为内容的土地改革并取得一定成效，但未得到国民党中央的肯定。这表明当时国民党中央 A.放弃了对农村原有土地制度的保护
B.阻止地方政府进行土地政策的调整 C.无力趁制地方政府的行为
D.无意改变农村的生产关系
31.新中国成立之初，全国各高校遵照中央政府要求开设公共必修课，思格斯所著《劳动在从猿到人转变过程中的作用》成为指定教科书，文化部还举办了以“从猿到人”等为宣传主题的大型科学知识展览会。其主要目的是 A.构建与国家政权相话应的意识形态 B.确定马克思主义在全党的指导地位 C.用科学文化知识破除封建迷信思想 D.探索引导宣传舆论工作的全新形式
32.公元前340年，雅典一下层女子因亵渎神灵被控犯罪，按法律当处死。辩护人用动情的言辞质问：“难道你们忍心让这位阿芙罗狄特（古希腊美丽女神）的弟子香消玉殒吗？”浙大定了陪审团，经投票，陪审法庭判其无罪，这反映出在古代雅典
A.民主原则贯穿司法过程
B.妇女享有广泛政治权利 C.法律注重保护平民权益
D.司法审判缺乏严格程序
33.华盛顿在1787年3月至麦迪逊的信中说：“凡是有判断能力的人，都不会否认对现行制 度进行彻底变革是必需的。我迫切希望这一问题能在全体会议上加以讨论。”这里所说的“彻 底变革”是指 A.革除联邦体制的弊端 C.废除君主立宪制
B.建立三权分立的共和体制 D.改变松散的邦联体制
34.19世界晚期德国的现代化进程中，经济突飞猛进与政治民主发展滞后形成巨大反差。出 现这种现象的原因在于 A.皇权与贵州结盟掌握政权
B.国家分裂阻碍政治民主化 D.对外战争影响国内民主进程 C.经济发展消解政治改革诉求
35.1931年，斯大林说：“我们比先进国家落后了50—100年。我们应当在10年内跑完这段 距离。”这一思想
A.完全符合当时的苏联国情 C.与战时共产主义政策一致
B.推动了苏联经济模式的形成 D.延续了新经济政策的精神 40.（25分）阅读材料，完成下列要求。材料一
第一次世界大战前，有不少学者对爱因斯坦的学说持怀找态度.1919年，英国科学家爱丁倾时日全食的观侧结果证实了爱因斯坦的理论，引起巨大震动.世界各国的爱因斯坦热接踵而至。荷兰、捷克斯洛伐克、奥地利。美国、英国、法国、日本等国先后邀请他前往讲学。在中国，梁启超发起成立的讲学社甘拟遨请爱因斯坦来华讲学.北京大学校长蔡元培亦发出遨请.并得到其本人应允.虽然爱因斯坦因故未能成行，但相对论却在中国广泛传播，从1917年到1923年，各种报刊登载相对论的论著、译文、通讯、报告和文献不下百篇，出版译著15种左右。
——摘编自阿尔布雷希特·福尔辛《爱因斯坦传》等
材料二 爱因斯坦热在中囚方兴未艾之际，正是国内东方丈化与西方丈化问越论战正酣之时。以梁启超为代表的部分知识分子认为，东方文明与西方文明史两种不同类型的文明，前者以道德丈明为核心.后者以科学精神为核心，梁启超前往欧洲考察一年多，1920年田国后写道:“一百年物质的进步.比从前三千年所得还加几倍.我们人类不推没有得着幸福，倒反带来许多灾难，好像沙漠中失路的旅人，远远望见个大黑影，拼命往前赶，以为可以靠他向导，那知赶上几程，影子却不见了，因此无线凄惶失望，影子是谁？就是这位‘科学先生’。欧洲人做了一场科学万能的大梦，到如今却叫起科学破产来……
我们可爱的青年啊，立正！开步走！~大海对岸那边有好几万万人，愁着物质文明破产，哀哀欲绝的喊救命，等着你来超拔他哩！我们自天的祖宗、三大圣（孔子、老子、墨子）和愈多前辈，眼巴巴盼望你完成他的事业，正在他的精神来加保佑你哩。“
——摘编自李喜所。元青《梁启超传》等
（1）根据材料一并结合所学知识，说明爱因斯坦热兴起的原因。（8分）
第二次工业革命中科学带动技术和生产的发展，引起人们对科学的重视；相对论的提出时科学领域的重大革命；观测结果论证了爱因斯坦理论的正确性；大战结束有利于理论的传播（2）根据材料一、二并结合所学知识，指出当时中国知识界对西方科学的态度，并予以评析。（17分）
态度：普遍欢迎，引进宣传
评价：西学东渐和新文化运动的结果；提升中国的科学水平以及民众的科学素养；有助于弘扬科学精神 态度：质疑“以科学为中心的西方文明”
评价：西方近代文明暴露出弊端，一战教训；有一定合理性，有助于反思科学与人类文明的关系；高估了传统文化的价值，将西方文明、物质文明与科学等同起来，不利于新文化运动，助长保守思潮
41.（12分）阅读材料，完成下列要求。材料
提取材料中的信息，结合所学知识，从建筑与政治关系的角度进行中英比较。
太和殿，高大雄伟，象征皇权至上；白金汉宫，工整威严，显示君主立宪制之下国王享有尊贵地位；唐宁街10号平实朴素，却是英国行政中枢地区，体现民主政治风格
历史上的一些建筑可视为物化的政治制度、直观的权利结构和有形的政治文化
45.（15分）历史上重大改革回眸 材料
唐前期，继续推行北魏以来的“均田制”。在此基础上，进行租庸调制，“有田则有租（田租），有家则有调（纳绢布等），有身则有庸（每丁每年服力役二旬，若不服役则纳布帛等代替）”。庸和调在整个国家财政中占据重要地位。唐中期以后，随着人口增加，土地兼并加剧，均田 制急剧崩坏，租庸调制难以维持。“有幼未成丁，而承袭世资，家累千金者，乃薄赋之；又 有年齿已壮，而身居穷约，家无置锥者，乃厚赋之，岂不背谬！” 百姓举家逃亡，规避赋税，被称为“客户”。
公元780年，唐期推行两税法:以国寒时政开支所需为总额，所谓量出以制入”。所有民户在 现居地登记，根据时产情况定户等，按户等高低交纳赋税 “户无主客，以见居为薄；人无 丁中，以贫畜为差”。分夏秋两季征收，“不居处而行商者，在所郡县税三十之一”结果“斌 不加欲而增入.版籍不造而得其虚实，贪吏不诚而奸无所取。自是轻重之权，始归于朝廷。” 每户负担并未增加，对户口的掌握也更为准确，“天下便之”
一摘编自白寿弃总主编《中国通史》等(1)报据材料，概括指出两税法改革的背景。(6分)土地兼并严重；贫富差距过大；百姓生活困苦；国家财政困难；户口不实
(2)材料并结合所学知识，说明两税法与唐前期的赋役制度相比有哪些积极作用。（9分）增加政府财政收入；促进商品经济发展；简化税制，扩大纳税面；从以人丁为标准到以财产为主，赋税负担相对公平
46.(15分)近代杜会的民主思想与实践
材料
县设六十议灵，足谓县议员;府设六十议员，是谓府议负;省设六十议员，是谓省县议员于秀 才中选择其人，公举者平民主之„~府议员于举人中选择其人，公举者秀才主之......省议员于 进士中选择其人，公举者举人……公举法：凡男子二十岁以上，除喑哑盲幸以及残疾者外，其人能读书明理者.则于以公举之权„„兴革之事，官有所欲为，则谋之于议丈，议负有所 欲为，亦谋之于官，甘以叙议之法为之，官与议意合，则详于君;君意合，则书名颁行；意 不合，则令其再议.若事有不能衷于一是者别视议员中可之者否之者之人数多寡，而以人多 者为是，所谓从众也，推之，凡军国大政，其权虽出于君上，而度支转饷其议询诸庶民，是 真为政者矣。
——何启、胡礼垣：《新政论议》(1895年)(I)概括指出材料中民主设计方案的主要原则。(10分)议员选举与科举功名联系；选举权和被选举权都有相应限制；军国大权仍归君主；仿效宪政，议事原则上有下至上，少数服从多数
(2)根据材料并结合所学知识，简析该方案在中国近代民主进段中的意义。(5分)对制度进行设计；为之后的政治改革提供思想理论基础
47.（15分）20世纪的战争与和平
材料
第二次世界大战结束后，反法西斯盟国组成军事法庭，在德国纽伦堡和日本东京分别 对战犯进行了审批，该审批原则于1946年12月11日经联合国大会通过，1950年，联合国 国际法委员会据批制定《纽伦堡原则》，其内容有：
从事构成违反国际法的犯罪行为的人承担个人责任，并因而应受惩罚。
违反国际法应受处罚的罪行是：
（一）反和平罪：计划、准备、发起或进行侵略战争获破坏 国际条约、协定或承诺的战争；
（二）战争犯罪：违反战争法规定或习惯，出于某种目的或 在占领区内，实施包括但不限于谋杀、虐待或奴役平民居民，谋杀、虐待战俘；
（三）反人 道罪：对任何平民居民进行谋杀、生物实验、放逐和其他非法人道行为，或基于政治、种群、宗教背景的迫害，而此类行为已实施或此类迫害已执行或此类行为与任何反和平罪或任何战 争犯罪相关联。
________摘编自何勤华《纽伦堡审批》（1）根据材料并结合所学知识，指出第一次世界大战后和第二次世界大战后惩处的战争责任对象有何不同。（5分）
（2）根据材料并结合所学知识，概括说明《纽伦堡原则》的意义。（10分）
48.（15分）中外历史人物评说
材料一
中国古代有功臣配享制度，即一个皇帝逝去后，要在已故臣僚中选取功勋卓著的大臣陪 祀飨宴挺，功臣配享皇帝，是朝廷对该大臣的最高评价，北宋神宗时，王安石“变风俗，立 法度”，主导了政治、经济、文化等方面的改革。哲宗绍圣初年，诏“王安石配享神宗皇帝 挺”。南宋建炎处，有人提出“自绍圣以来，学术政事败坏残酷，致祸好社稷，起源实出安 石”。于是，“摆安石陪飨神宗庙挺”。
________摘编自白寿彝主编《中国通史》
材料二
《宋史》记熙丰(宋神宗年号熙宁、元丰)事实者，成于南渡以后史官之手，而元人因 而袭之，皆反对党之言，不可征信.今于其污蔑荆公(王安石)处，皆意义详辩之......荆公 不仅为中国大政治家，亦为中国大文学家。一摘自梁启超《王荆公》(1908年)(1)根据材料一，分别指出两宋对王安石的评价及其主要理由。(6分)北宋肯定王安石变法，对朝廷有功；南宋否定王安石，认为王安石变法是北宋走向灭亡的原因所在
(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识，指出梁启超重新评价王安石的目的及采用的方法。(9分)目的：弘扬历史上的改革精神；为维新变法造势
方法：重视历史记录着的态度；考证历史材料的真伪
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