第一篇：在“七一”讲话中专门论述了青年的重要作用
胡锦涛总书记在“七一”讲话中专门论述了青年的重要作用，强调“全党都要关注青年、关心青年、关爱青年，倾听青年心声，鼓励青年成长，支持青年创业”，并期望青年永远热爱祖国、热爱人民、热爱中华民族，“让青春在为党和人民建功立业中焕发出绚丽光彩”，充满了对广大青年的关怀与希望。作为当代青年大学生应该怎样把理想追求融入国家发展、民族兴旺的过程中，与祖国同命运，与人民同呼吸，与时代同进步，使青春才焕发绚丽光彩？
答：人生难免会遇到各种困难,青年人的困难往往出于理想与现实之间的差距.............点此链接获取全新完整答案
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以下非答案
国家统计局14日公布的数据显示，9月份我国居民消费物价指数(CPI)为6.1%。记者14日就此专访了国家发展和改革委员会价格司副司长周望军。
记者：今年以来，国家在调控物价方面采取了一系列措施，从今天公布的CPI数据来看，您觉得这些措施是否取得了预期的效果？
周望军：物价走势拐点已经出现了，后期将高位趋稳、回落，但回落的幅度不大。出现物价向下的走势有两大因素：一是政府主动调控的结果，二是翘尾因素快速消退。
自去年11月17日国务院出台稳定物价的一揽子政策措施以来，各地区、各部门通力合作，对物价调控非常重视，力度前所未有。
这些措施，对于控制物价，缓解通胀预期，保障民生发挥了积极作用。今年7月份以来，翘尾因素快速消退：平均每个月下降0.6个百分点，将带动月度价格环比指数逐步回落。
记者：环比指数回落，是否意味着控制通胀的压力在逐步减轻？
周望军：猪肉价格将稳中有降，但现在还有不少新涨价因素。首先，长期积累的价格矛盾要适时梳理，包括资源性产品价格要理顺。受成本上升和供求关系等因素的影响，明年蔬菜和粳稻价格可能还会小幅上涨。第二个是工业消费品涨价问题。工业品价格涨幅由负转正，要引起我们的高度重视。
记者：国际经济不景气，对我国稳定物价总水平也带来较大压力吧？我们该怎么来应对？
周望军：中国将长期面临输入型的压力。全世界的政府负债45万亿美元，相当于2010年全球GDP总和。政府债务最多的是美国，数量相当于全年的GDP，日本政府负债是它的GDP的两倍。最近，欧盟的债务危机也在不断发展。在发达经济体没有解决他们的负债问题，实行超低利率，滥发货币的情况下，全世界都面临通胀危险。
按照中央的要求，物价上涨要与经济增长相匹配。经济不是越高越好，物价也不是越低越好。要逐步提高居民收入水平，应对物价上涨压力，不断改善人民生活。最低工资标准每年应至少增长10%。此外，还要综合采取控制货币、发展生产、保障供应、搞活流通、加强监管、安定民生等措施。
第二篇：论述调查研究在社会科学研究中的重要作用;
浅论调查研究在社会科学研究中的重要作用及如何做好调查研究
——————以法学研究为视角
[摘要]调查研究是人们认识事物的重要方法和途径。在社会科学研究中，调查研究方法更是所有学者必须掌握和运用的研究手段。本文以法学研究为视角，尝试分析调查研究方法在法学研究中的重要作用，以及如何做好调查研究。
[关键词]调查研究 法学 应用
调查研究是指人们有计划、有目的地运用一定的手段和方法，对有关社会事实进行资料收集整理和分析研究，进而做出描述、解释和提出对策的社会实践活动和认识活动。它是一个由系统的理论和方法组成的完整的知识体系。
一、调查研究的基本理论
（一）调查研究的基本特征
调查研究是人们认识事物的重要方法和途径。调查研究有五个主要特征：第一，专门性。首先在研究的方法层次上，社会调查研究是一种专门的科学，有其特有的概念、基本原理、公式、方法。其次在研究的技术层次上，具有独特的方法、工具和技术。第二，系统性。从开始选择课题到最后做出调查报告，几个步骤有机紧密地结合在一起，形成完整的系统性过程。第三，客观性。社会调查研究是从事实出发、以实际调查为主，能够直接从被调查者那里得到第一手资料，即使文献资料也要求真实可靠，由此而得出的结论也就更为客观、科学。第四，实证性。社会调查研究是建立在资料的收集与分析基础之上的，资料来源于社会实践，所归纳得出的结论和理论与资料所显示的结果相一致，也经得起实践检验。第五，针对性。进行社会调查研究不是无病呻吟，而是为了解决社会实际问题。它所关注的也不是认识对象的所有属性，而主要是其社会属性。
（二）调查研究在法学研究中的重要作用
1、调查研究为法律决策者提供第一手材料
法律决策首先的问题是占有材料，是占有大量的能反映客观实际的真实原始材料，而调查研究则是占有材料的重要途径。调查研究材料的内容一般构成法律决策的主干，解决材料的真实性和可靠性问题是提高法律决策精确度的重要环节。对材料进行分析研究，是为了克服材料的简单数量堆积，克服现象对本质的掩盖，弥补单纯调查的局限性，研究的任务在于对调查所获得的各种资料进行分析综合，为法律决策提供定量与定性的资料。①
2、调查研究对国家法律制度的完善具有重要作用
调查研究要对国家法律制度的制定、规划、设计、适用等作全面的了解与分析，从而为法律制度的不断完善打下基础。其重要作用在于：认识法律制度的实际效果，把握各法律制度的相互联系和相互影 ①王诚学、李代刚：“调查研究与科学决策”，《长沙铁道学院学报（社会科学版）》第3卷第2期，第38页 响，研究法律运行的最佳状态，及时发现问题，并提出法律制度的修正方案和反馈执行情况。②
（三）法学研究中进行调查研究的必要性
调查研究的目的有三：描述事实；解释现象和探索本质；科学预测和对策研究。在法学研究中，学者仅仅依靠获取已经生成和发表的文献是不够的，必须要学者亲自对社会现象进行调查，以获取相关资料。没有关键的第一手资料，引来引去不是法条就是学说，法学的创新终归是有限的。法律学者进行调查研究，有利于正确认识社会现实，挖掘出为大众所忽略的社会现象，通过实地调查，以社会法律现象为研究对象，从定性研究到定量研究，以寻求法律制度的完善。同时，通过调查研究能够提高学者认识、分析综合问题的能力。
综观法学刊物上发表的绝大多数文章，不难发现其多是侧重于理论分析与研究，最多也就是案例分析，极少有从具体实践中发掘问题。可笔者认为，法学研究应当是源于实践并终于实践的，只有与实践紧密结合才能发掘出真正有价值的东西。通过社会调查研究的形式对法学问题进行探讨是法学研究方法的一大突破，也是一种值得大力提倡的务实的研究方法。
二、如何做好调查研究
（一）法学研究社会调查中的伦理
作为一般原则，社会调查应当取得调查对象的知情和同意，并避免干扰他人生活或者侵犯他人隐私。③
1、知情原则
调查人员应当告知对方你的身份、调查的目的和用途。
在开放场合的实地观察，是知情原则的一个例外。一则，事先告知可能破坏调查的自然场景，不能取得真实的结果；二则，对调查人员来说，调查对象通常是匿名的；三则，人们在开放场合的活动一般谈不上秘密。在实验研究中，研究者为了保证实验效果而谎称研究目的，是常有的事。当然，实验过程中不告知真正研究目的，在实验结束后告知他们真相也算一种弥补。
2、同意原则
调查人员告知对方你的身份、调查目的和用途后，如果对方不愿接受调查，那就不必勉强。强迫为之，调查效果也不好。
3、无害原则
当法律学者调查研究后发表与其调查内容有关的文章时，一般应当说明调查对象的情况。但如果披露调查对象的身份可能会给他们带来不便，调查者应当主动采取变通措施。实践中，人们往往用“A、B、C”、“A法院”一类来指代受访者。特别是，如果对方愿意接受调查，但要求不公开其身份，那在发表文章时就不应当披露其身份。④ ②③ 南同茂：“论社会调查研究”，《南京经济学院学报》1997年第2期，第40页
【美】艾尔·巴比：《社会研究方法（第11版）》，邱泽奇译，华夏出版社2009年版，第80页 ④ 何海波：《法学论文写作》，北京大学出版社2014年版，第301页
4、伦理道德原则
即指使被调查者的人格尊严得到尊重，使调查更加人性化，达到更好的调查效果。(二)调查研究中应注意的几个问题
1、抓住主要矛盾确定调查研究的任务
无论进行何种方式的调查研究，无论在哪一方面进行调查研究，首先应该确定调查研究的目标，弄清楚是为了解决什么问题，并依此确定调查研究的项目、方式和具体要求。调查研究的任务确定以后，对具体从事调查研究的人员来说，要注意正确领会进行调查研究的目的，是为了解决什么社会问题，分析什么法律现象，这是拟定调查计划的根据，对顺利完成调查研究工作具有重要意义。同时，随着调查研究工作的不断深入，从实际出发不断修正调查研究的计划，最后做出的调查报告符合客观实际，调查研究工作才有实际意义。
2、坚持唯物辩证法，反对形而上学，力戒任何主观片面性
为什么不同的学者对于同一事物进行调查研究，有时会得出不同的结论呢？因为调查材料，分析研究，得出结论，这是一个去粗取精、去伪存真、由此及彼、由表及里的加工、思索、认识的过程，只有运用正确的思想方法，才能得出科学的结论。从事调查研究的人员要十分重视原始材料的调查，包括直接观察到的事实，直接找到的可靠证据，直接听到的群众反映，直接看到的原始资料。但是，也不能过于相信自己的观察，要在直接观察的基础上，尽可能地作细致的检查，对所得到的材料和证据进行验证。要通过综合分析研究，达到有观点、有材料，材料和观点紧密结合。调查研究的结论要把客观事实高度概括起来，道理阐述明白，文字准确、鲜明、生动，令人信服。
3、调查研究的方法要创新
根据调查研究的主题，采取恰当的调研方法，是搞好调查研究的重要保证。实践告诉我们，只有把传统调研方法和现代调研手段有机的结合起来，才能增强调查研究的科学性和实效性。对于传统的座谈会、走访调查、典型调查、实地考察等调查研究方法，具有感受直接、体验深刻、互动性强、人情味重的优点，我们应当继承和发扬。同时必须适应时代发展、社会进步的要求，利用现代信息技术，拓展调查研究的渠道，丰富调查研究的手段，创新调查研究的方式。一个是要积极采用统计调查、问卷调查、抽样调查、网络调查等现代方法，提高调查研究的效率和质量。另一个是要充分利用现代信息技术和手段，进行资料的收集、整理与加工，为调查研究乃至国家法制决策提供全面、翔实和快捷的信息资料。⑥
⑤
4、调查研究的结论要升华
调查研究包括调查和研究两个方面，二者是相辅相成的。调查是研究的基础，没有调查就谈不上研究，也不可能提出有价值的对策建议。研究是调查的深化，没有研究感性认识就不可能上升为理性认识，也就不可能形成法学佳作。调查研究工作中，调查与研究同等重要，二者不可偏废。要注重经验的总结 ⑤⑥ 周启明：“对调查研究的再认识”，《镇江师专学报（社会科学版）》1990年第1期，第18页
张永年、贾文军等：“如何开展调查研究工作”，《月度聚焦》2010年第1期，第6页 升华，调研不能停留在对表面现象的罗列上，更不能对调研对象提供的材料囫囵吞枣，照单接受，而要对调查得来的原材料和半成品进行加工，通过科学分析和对比论证总结出新鲜经验。调查研究要在掌握事实材料的基础上，注意发现普遍性、倾向性和苗头性问题，在搞清事情缘由和把握本质的基础上，运用辩证的方法进行深入思考，提出解决问题的建议，是调查研究工作富有成效。
[参考文献] [1]南同茂：“论社会调查研究”，《南京经济学院学报》1997年第2期 [2]何海波：《法学论文写作》，北京大学出版社2014年版
[3]【美】艾尔·巴比：《社会研究方法（第11版）》，邱泽奇译，华夏出版社2009年版 [4]周启明：“对调查研究的再认识”，《镇江师专学报（社会科学版）》1990年第1期 [5] 张永年、贾文军等：“如何开展调查研究工作”，《月度聚焦》2010年第1期
第三篇：论述安全生产的法律法规在安全生产中在重要作用
论述安全生产的法律法规在安全生产中在重要作用
当前我国安全生产工作紧紧围绕经济建设这个中心开展，通过各级部门，企事单位的 共同努力，安全生产创造出良好的局面，有效地减少了各类事故发生，建立良好的安全生产环境和序，可以说安全生产是建立发展社会主义市场经济一个不可忽视的重要条件，因此，抓好安全生产工作意义重大，在开展该项工作不仅需要始终不懈地坚持安全第一的方针，而且在安全生产的实践中还必须处理好从宏观安全生产管理和微观安全生产管理相结合的角度，对安全生产的法律法规在安全生产中的重要作用。
（一）安全管理层次和内容不同,可将安全管理划分为宏观安全管理和微观安全管理，广义安全管理和狭义安全管理。（1）微观安全管理。指以宏观决策为主要手段,引导安全工作机制正常运行的方法，技术和方略的总称，它是从国家的整个经济体系及其各个经济要素集合体方面，按照“安全第一，预防为主”的原则，以解决全局性，共性安全问题为目标的高层管理，从总体上分析凡是国家安全生产监督管理部门，劳动保障部门经济管理部门和行业管理部门从政治，经济，法律，体制，监察，组织等方面采取的有关安全生产方略，措施和进行的活动，都属于宏观安全管理，宏观安全管理是企业安全生产管理的基础和前提，企业安全管理人员应该对国家有关安全生产方针政策、法律、法规、标准体制，组织结构，经济措施等有深刻的理解和全面系统的掌握。（2）微观安全管理。指企事业单位为实现安全生产而进行的具体的安全管理活动。
（3）广义安全管理。泛指一切保护劳动者安全健康防止国家财产受到损失的管理活动，从这一意义分析，安全管理不仅要防止生产作业中的人员伤害，也要也危害人员身体健康的 一切因素（如尘毒、噪声、辐射等）进行斗争，不仅要保护国家和集体财产免遭损失，也要保证作业环境的安全化，实现作业环境和作业过程的本质安全。
（4）狭义安全管理。指针对生产过程和生产环境中具体的危险源而开展的安全管理活动，以防止生产过程或与生产有直接关系的活动中发生意外伤害和财产损失。
(二)控制职能，控制的作用是保证实际工作和计划目标偏离；如果发生偏离就及时纠正，控制职能要抓好以下几方面：（1）预先控制。从源头上控制，要求企业所使用的资源必须满足安全计划及目标的需要，根据乡镇煤矿的实际，源头控制主要包括招收录用技术能力，操作能力符合安全生产要求的职工购置合乎要求的材料和设备等方面。
（2）现场控制，指导，监督操作人员执行规程，避免违章操作对工程质量设备安装质量进行检查验收，使用符合设计要求，对作业现场的设备和作业环境进行监控、监测，使其保持安全状态。
（3）反馈控制。各种管理措施技术措施和各种政策是否有效，是否收到预期效果，应当定期进行检验，根据检查结果，决定哪些应当改进，完善，哪些应当补充，哪些应当坚持。
为了安全生产实现控制效果，企业应当制定控制标准，如工作标准，用人标准，工程质量标准和操作规程等，以此来衡量实际工作与标准的偏差，对偏差加以修正，没有标准便无法控制职能要贯穿安全管理全过程。
（三）安全生产法律法规在安全生产中的重要作用有以下几个方面：
（1）《安全生产法》它作为我国安全生产的综合性法律，具有丰富的法律内涵和规范作用，其内体现了“三个代表”与时俱进，安全责任重于泰山的重要思想，反映了当和政府以人为本，重视人权的社会主义本质，总结了我国安全生产正反两方面的经验，体现了依法治国的基本方略。
（2）贯彻落实国家安全生产法规，落实“安全第一，预防为主”的安全生产方针。
（3）制定安全生产的各种规程，规定和制度，并认真贯彻实施。
（4）制定落实各级安全生产责任制，安全生产责任制是企业岗位责任制的一个组成部分，企业最基本的安全制度，也是企业安全生产管理制度的核心。
（5）积极采取各种安全技术措施，综合治理，使企业的生产设备和设施满足安全要求，保障职工有一个安全可靠的作业条件，减少和避免各类事故造成的人员伤亡和财产损失。（6）采取各种安全健康措施，不断改善劳动条件和环境，定期监测，防止和消除职业病及职业危害，做好未成年的特殊保护，保障劳动者的身心健康。
（7）对企业各级领导，特种作业人员和所有职工进行安全教育，提高安全素质。
（8）对职工伤亡及生产过程中各类事故进行调查，处理和上报。
（9）推行安全生产目标管理，推广和应用现代化安全管理技术与方法，使企业管理工作不断深化。
（10）把安全工作放在首位，将事故是事后处理转变为事前控制。发展生产必须注意安全，坚持安全和生产一起抓，在 计划，布置检查总结，评比生产工作的同时，也必须计划布置，检查，总结。评比安全工作，安全生产，人人有责，坚持群众路线，贯彻专业管理和群众管理，发挥专职安全人员骨干作用，发挥职工群众的安全生产积极性，做到安全生产人人重视，人人参与。
我们不但要建立健全各项安全生产责任制，而且要将安全生产责任细化到每一个岗位和每一个人。如矿长副矿长，技术负责人（总工）班组长，安全员、瓦检员、放炮员、电工、绞车工、运输工、挂钩工、水雷工以及采掘工等工等各岗位人员，安全生产责任制，做到层层落实，事事有人抓，有人干。认真对照国家安全生产法律，法规及行业规程规定，进行经常的，定期的安全生产检查和日常安全巡回检查，这是搞好安全生产的一个重要环节。
本煤矿生产工作中，装备是 设施安全作业，创造安全环境工具，先进的技术装备可以提高工作效率，也可以创造良好的安全环境，装备的好与差直接关系到煤矿安全生产投入的有效设施问题，因此煤矿主要负责人必须保证安全生产所需的投入资金到位。
最重要是要做好安全教育培训工作，培训是提高煤矿职工安全技术素质的主要手段，抓好安全生产教育和岗位培训工作，是每一个煤矿企业的法定职责，按照国家有关法律、法规和行业管理规定，煤矿企业主要负责人，和各级安全管理人员必须经有资质的的安全技术培训机构，培训合格，取得《煤矿矿长主要经营管理者安全工作资格证书》，煤矿矿长必须取得《煤矿矿长资格证书》和《矿长安全 资格证书》井下作业，培训的目的就是让各岗位人员懂得煤矿安全生产 方针、政策、法律、法规以及煤矿《三大教程》有关规定，掌握瓦斯煤层、顶板、水、火等自然灾害的防止基础知识，熟悉本职工工作范围可能发生的各类灾害的预防措施和 抢救处理方法。杜绝“三违”现象的发生，提高职工的 自我防范意识自我保护意识，和安全思想意识。牢固树立“安全第一，预防为主”的思想提高安全技术水平和实际操作技能。
（四）把安全生产作一首歌关系
把安全生产作一首歌，那就有独唱与合唱之分了，要唱好安全生产这首歌，既需要独唱，也需要合唱，只有把独唱和合唱融为一体，才能达到最佳效果，然而在安全生产中，有些人认为搞好安全生产是安监部门的事，与其他部门无关，这钟认识是及其错误的，安监部门作为安全生产的管理部门，在安全生产中担负着重要责任，它在安全生产起着领唱作用。在它的带动下经过各个部门的用力合作和全体职工的 共同努力，才能共同唱好这首歌，安全工作涉及到采、掘、机、运、通、党、政、工、团、妇方方面面，是 一项综合性管理工作，要搞好它，离开任何一个部门，任何一个专业都是不行的。搞好安全生产。不只是安监部门的事，而是全体部门的事，不只是安监员的职责，而是全体职工的职责。我们要处理好独唱与合唱的关系，调动广大职工的积极性，让他们积极投入安全生产活动中去，齐心协力唱好安全生产这首歌。
总之，安全管理的 重中之重是人，关键是做好人的思想工作，树立安全意识，只有强化安全生产意识，才能成就安全生产行为，只有成就安全生产行为，才能养成安全生产习惯，只有养成安全生产习惯，才能结出安全生产硕果。煤矿安全生产过管理工作是一项动态管理工作，一项需要长期坚持的工作，我们必须牢牢将“安全地，预防为主”的方针贯穿在实践中没坚持“安全第一，生产第二”操作原则，抓安全促生产使企业获得最大的政治，经济效益，并坚持管理、装备、培训并重的 原则来保障安全生产，我们我煤矿企业才能达到少出事故和不出重特大事故的目标。
第四篇：江泽民同志在“七一”讲话中指出领导干部要有识才的慧眼`用才的
Now, the VOA Special English Program, AMERICAN STORIES.(MUSIC)
Our story today is called “The Law of Life.” It was written by Jack London.Here is Shep O'Neal with the story.SHEP O'NEAL: The old Indian was sitting on the snow.It was Koskoosh, former chief of his tribe.Now, all he could do was sit and listen to the others.His eyes were old.He could not see, but his ears were wide open to every sound.“Aha.” That was the sound of his daughter, Sit-cum-to-ha.She was beating the dogs, trying to make them stand in front of the snow sleds.He was forgotten by her, and by the others, too.They had to look for new hunting grounds.The long, snowy ride waited.The days of the northlands were growing short.The tribe could not wait for death.Koskoosh was dying.The stiff, crackling noises of frozen animal skins told him that the chief's tent was being torn down.The chief was a mighty hunter.He was his son, the son of Koskoosh.Koskoosh was being left to die.As the women worked, old Koskoosh could hear his son's voice drive them to work faster.He listened harder.It was the last time he would hear that voice.A child cried, and a woman sang softly to quiet it.The child was Koo-tee, the old man thought, a sickly child.It would die soon, and they would burn a hole in the frozen ground to bury it.They would cover its small body with stones to keep the wolves away.“Well, what of it? A few years, and in the end, death.Death waited ever hungry.Death had the hungriest stomach of all.”
Koskoosh listened to other sounds he would hear no more: the men tying strong leather rope around the sleds to hold their belongings;the sharp sounds of leather whips, ordering the dogs to move and pull the sleds.“Listen to the dogs cry.How they hated the work.”
They were off.Sled after sled moved slowly away into the silence.They had passed out of his life.He must meet his last hour alone.“But what was that?” The snow packed down hard under someone's shoes.A man stood beside him, and placed a hand gently on his old head.His son was good to do this.He remembered other old men whose sons had not done this, who had left without a goodbye.His mind traveled into the past until his son's voice brought him back.“It is well with you?” his son asked.And the old man answered, “It is well.”
“There is wood next to you and the fire burns bright,” the son said.“The morning is gray and the cold is here.It will snow soon.Even now it is snowing.Ahh, even now it is snowing.”The tribesmen hurry.Their loads are heavy and their stomachs flat from little food.The way is long and they travel fast.I go now.All is well?“
”It is well.I am as last year's leaf that sticks to the tree.The first breath that blows will knock me to the ground.My voice is like an old woman's.My eyes no longer show me the way my feet go.I am tired and all is well.“
He lowered his head to his chest and listened to the snow as his son rode away.He
felt the sticks of wood next to him again.One by one, the fire would eat them.And step by step, death would cover him.When the last stick was gone, the cold would come.First, his feet would freeze.Then, his hands.The cold would travel slowly from the outside to the inside of him, and he would rest.It was easy...all men must die.He felt sorrow, but he did not think of his sorrow.It was the way of life.He had lived close to the earth, and the law was not new to him.It was the law of the body.Nature was not kind to the body.She was not thoughtful of the person alone.She was interested only in the group, the race, the species.This was a deep thought for old Koskoosh.He had seen examples of it in all his life.The tree sap in early spring;the new-born green leaf, soft and fresh as skin;the fall of the yellowed, dry leaf.In this alone was all history.He placed another stick on the fire and began to remember his past.He had been a great chief, too.He had seen days of much food and laughter;fat stomachs when food was left to rot and spoil;times when they left animals alone, unkilled;days when women had many children.And he had seen days of no food and empty stomachs, days when the fish did not come, and the animals were hard to find.For seven years the animals did not come.Then, he remembered when as a small boy how he watched the wolves kill a moose.He was with his friend Zing-ha, who was killed later in the Yukon River.Ah, but the moose.Zing-ha and he had gone out to play that day.Down by the river they saw fresh steps of a big, heavy moose.”He's an old one,“ Zing-ha had said.”He cannot run like the others.He has fallen behind.The wolves have separated him from the others.They will never leave him.“
And so it was.By day and night, never stopping, biting at his nose, biting at his feet, the wolves stayed with him until the end.Zing-ha and he had felt the blood quicken in their bodies.The end would be a sight to see.They had followed the steps of the moose and the wolves.Each step told a different story.They could see the tragedy as it happened: here was the place the moose stopped to fight.The snow was packed down for many feet.One wolf had been caught by the heavy feet of the moose and kicked to death.Further on, they saw how the moose had struggled to escape up a hill.But the wolves had attacked from behind.The moose had fallen down and crushed two wolves.Yet, it was clear the end was near.The snow was red ahead of them.Then they heard the sounds of battle.He and Zing-ha moved closer, on their stomachs, so the wolves would not see them.They saw the end.The picture was so strong it had stayed with him all his life.His dull, blind eyes saw the end again as they had in the far off past.For long, his mind saw his past.The fire began to die out, and the cold entered his body.He placed two more sticks on it, just two more left.This would be how long he would live.It was very lonely.He placed one of the last pieces of wood on the fire.Listen, what a strange noise for wood to make in the fire.No, it wasn't wood.His body shook as he recognized the sound...wolves.The cry of a wolf brought the picture of the old moose back to him again.He saw the body torn to pieces, with fresh blood running on the snow.He saw the clean bones lying gray against the frozen blood.He saw the rushing forms of the gray
wolves, their shinning eyes, their long wet tongues and sharp teeth.And he saw them form a circle and move ever slowly closer and closer.A cold, wet nose touched his face.At the touch, his soul jumped forward to awaken him.His hand went to the fire and he pulled a burning stick from it.The wolf saw the fire, but was not afraid.It turned and howled into the air to his brother wolves.They answered with hunger in their throats, and came running.The old Indian listened to the hungry wolves.He heard them form a circle around him and his small fire.He waved his burning stick at them, but they did not move away.Now, one of them moved closer, slowly, as if to test the old man's strength.Another and another followed.The circle grew smaller and smaller.Not one wolf stayed behind.Why should he fight? Why cling to life? And he dropped his stick with the fire on the end of it.It fell in the snow and the light went out.The circle of wolves moved closer.Once again the old Indian saw the picture of the moose as it struggled before the end came.He dropped his head to his knees.What did it matter after all? Isn't this the law of life?
(MUSIC)
FAITH LAPIDUS: You have just heard the American story ”The Law of Life.“ It was written by Jack London.Your storyteller was Shep O'Neal.Listen again next week for another American story in V.O.A.Special English.I'm Faith Lapidus.Now, the weekly Special English program, AMERICAN STORIES.(MUSIC)Our story today is called ”To Build a Fire.“ It was written by Jack London.Here is Harry Monroe with the story.(MUSIC)HARRY MONROE: The man walked down the trail on a cold, gray day.Pure white snow and ice covered the Earth for as far as he could see.This was his first winter in Alaska.He was wearing heavy clothes and fur boots.But he still felt cold and uncomfortable.The man was on his way to a camp near Henderson Creek.His friends were already there.He expected to reach Henderson Creek by six o'clock that evening.It would be dark by then.His friends would have a fire and hot food ready for him.A dog walked behind the man.It was a big gray animal, half dog and half wolf.The dog did not like the extreme cold.It knew the weather was too cold to travel.The man continued to walk down the trail.He came to a frozen stream called Indian Creek.He began to walk on the snow-covered ice.It was a trail that would lead him straight to Henderson Creek and his friends.As he walked, he looked carefully at the ice in front of him.Once, he stopped suddenly, and then walked around a part of the frozen stream.He saw that an underground spring flowed under the ice at that spot.It made the ice thin.If he stepped there, he might break through the ice into a pool of water.To get his boots wet in such cold weather might kill him.His feet would turn to ice quickly.He could freeze to death.At about twelve o'clock, the man decided to stop to eat his lunch.He took off the glove on his right hand.He opened his jacket and shirt, and pulled out his bread and meat.This took less than twenty seconds.Yet, his fingers began to freeze.He hit his hand against his leg several times until he felt a sharp pain.Then he quickly put his glove on his hand.He made a fire, beginning with small pieces of wood and adding larger ones.He sat on a snow-covered log and ate his lunch.He enjoyed the warm fire for a few minutes.Then he stood up and started walking on the frozen stream again.A half hour later, it happened.At a place where the snow seemed very solid, the ice broke.The man's feet sank into the water.It was not deep, but his legs got wet to the knees.The man was angry.The accident would delay his arrival at the camp.He would have to build a fire now to dry his clothes and boots.He walked over to some small trees.They were covered with snow.In their branches were pieces of dry grass and wood left by flood waters earlier in the year.He put several large pieces of wood on the snow, under one of the trees.On top of the wood, he put some grass and dry branches.He pulled off his gloves, took out his matches, and lighted the fire.He fed the young flame with more wood.As the fire grew stronger, he gave it larger pieces of wood.He worked slowly and carefully.At sixty degrees below zero, a man with wet feet must not fail in his first attempt to build a fire.While he was walking, his blood had kept all parts of his body warm.Now that he had stopped, cold was forcing his blood to withdraw deeper into his body.His wet feet had frozen.He could not feel his fingers.His nose was frozen, too.The skin all over his body felt cold.Now, however, his fire was beginning to burn more strongly.He was safe.He sat under the tree and thought of the old men in Fairbanks.The old men had told him that no man should travel alone in the Yukon when the temperature is sixty degrees below zero.Yet here he was.He had had an accident.He was alone.And he had saved himself.He had built a fire.Those old men were weak, he thought.A real man could travel alone.If a man stayed calm, he would be all right.The man's boots were covered with ice.The
strings on his boots were as hard as steel.He would have to cut them with his knife.He leaned back against the tree to take out his knife.Suddenly, without warning, a heavy mass of snow dropped down.His movement had shaken the young tree only a tiny bit.But it was enough to cause the branches of the tree to drop their heavy load.The man was shocked.He sat and looked at the place where the fire had been.The old men had been right, he thought.If he had another man with him, he would not be in any danger now.The other man could build the fire.Well, it was up to him to build the fire again.This time, he must not fail.The man collected more wood.He reached into his pocket for the matches.But his fingers were frozen.He could not hold them.He began to hit his hands with all his force against his legs.After a while, feeling came back to his fingers.The man reached again into his pocket for the matches.But the tremendous cold quickly drove the life out of his fingers.All the matches fell onto the snow.He tried to pick one up, but failed.The man pulled on his glove and again beat his hand against his leg.Then he took the gloves off both hands and picked up all the matches.He gathered them together.Holding them with both hands, he scratched the matches along his leg.They immediately caught fire.He held the blazing matches to a piece of wood.After a while, he became aware that he could smell his hands burning.Then he began to feel the pain.He opened his hands, and the blazing matches fell on to the snow.The flame went out in a puff of gray smoke.The man looked up.The dog was still watching him.The man got an idea.He would kill the dog and bury his hands inside its warm body.When the feeling came back to
his fingers, he could build another fire.He called to the dog.The dog heard danger in the man's voice.It backed away.The man called again.This time the dog came closer.The man reached for his knife.But he had forgotten that he could not bend his fingers.He could not kill the dog, because he could not hold his knife.The fear of death came over the man.He jumped up and began to run.The running began to make him feel better.Maybe running would make his feet warm.If he ran far enough, he would reach his friends at Henderson Creek.They would take care of him.It felt strange to run and not feel his feet when they hit the ground.He fell several times.He decided to rest a while.As he lay in the snow, he noticed that he was not shaking.He could not feel his nose or fingers or feet.Yet, he was feeling quite warm and comfortable.He realized he was going to die.Well, he decided, he might as well take it like a man.There were worse ways to die.The man closed his eyes and floated into the most comfortable sleep he had ever known.The dog sat facing him, waiting.Finally, the dog moved closer to the man and caught the smell of death.The animal threw back its head.It let out a long, soft cry to the cold stars in the black sky.And then it tuned and ran toward Henderson Creek...where it knew there was food and a fire.(MUSIC)
SHEP O'NEAL: You have just heard the AMERICAN STORY called ”To Build a Fire." It was written by Jack London and adapted for Special English by Dona de Sanctis.Your storyteller was Harry Monroe.For VOA Special English, this is Shep O'Neal.
第五篇：在“七一”青年党员干部座谈会上的交流发言
在“七一”青年党员干部座谈会上的交流发言
各位领导，同志们：
未来属于青年，希望寄予青年。始终保持朝气蓬勃生命力的中国共产党历来对青年党员的成长与担当充满信心，寄予厚望。踏上新征程，奋进新时代，我们青年党员如何肩负起传承薪火、赓续血脉的光荣使命呢？我从三个方面，向各位领导、同志们作一汇报交流。
一、常怀一颗对党的忠诚之心，坚决做到“两个维护”。
标准千万条，忠诚第一条。近年来，在历次中央党校“中青班”开班式上，习近平总书记都把坚定理想信念、对党忠诚作为了第一位的要求。习近平工作具有极其强烈的政治属性，更加突出强调党中央的集中统一领导，我们要持续深入学习贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想，坚持不懈用党的创新理论武装头脑，不断提高政治判断力、政治领悟力、政治执行力，把对“两个确立”决定性意义的深刻感悟，转化为坚决做到“两个维护”的高度自觉，始终在政治上思想上同习近平同志为核心的党中央保持高度一致。以迎接党的习近平胜利召开为主线，持续深化对习近平总书记、对党的忠诚教育，把对党忠诚体现在忠诚于党的领导核心、忠诚于党的基本路线和方针政策、忠诚于国家和人民、忠诚于职守担当之中，高度信赖核心、衷心爱戴核心、坚决维护核心、自觉服从核心，一切行动听从以习近平同志为核心的党中央指挥。
二、常怀一颗对人民的赤子之心，忠诚履职为民。
悠悠万事，民生为大。2022年3月，习近平在中央党校（国家行政学院）中青年干部培训班开班式上强调，党的十八大以来，我们先后开展一系列集中学习教育，一个重要目的就是教育引导全党牢记中国共产党是什么、要干什么这个根本问题，始终保持党同人民的血肉联系。在两会政协联组会上，习近平进一步强调要织密社会保障网、为人民生活安康托底，守护好人民群众的每一分养老钱、保命钱，等等，习近平的声声关切是他对人民最深的牵挂。我们要向习近平“民之所忧，我必念之；民之所盼，我必行之”的崇高境界看齐，把“人民至上”四个字刻进骨子里、融入血液中，把为民造福作为最重要的政绩，立足本职岗位，深化“我为群众办实事”实践活动，持续为群众办实事、解难题，积极回应人民群众对美好生活的向往和期待。
三、常怀一颗对事业的进取之心，务实担当作为。
习近平强调，干事担事是干部的职责所在，也是价值所在。一代人有一代人的使命，中华民族传承至今，是一代代人承担使命、薪火相传的结果。作为一名青年党员，我们要始终牢记自己的党员身份和责任，坚持守土有责、守土负责、守土尽责，争做新时代的担当者奋斗者。要不断增强许党报国的信念、担当负责的勇气、无私奉献的情怀，以勇于担当、敢于担当、善于担当的实际行动和成效，努力践行党的初心和使命。以只争朝夕、奋发有为的奋斗姿态和越是艰险越向前的进取精神，勇于担苦、担难、担重、担险，积极投身习近平事业，为习近平贡献自己应有的力量。
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