第一篇：英语四级作文(含翻译)
On a Harmonious Dormitory Life和谐的宿舍生活
Dormitory life is an indispensable part of college life.But sometimes the harmony in the dormitory can be disturbed in one way or another.As is known to all , a harmonious dormitory life is important to college students and benefits all the members.On one hand , we can have a good rest and put our heart into study.On the other hand , we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.There are several ways to create and maintain a harmonious dormitory life.Firstly , you have to evaluate your life-style and try to get rid of your dirty habits , if there are any.Secondly , when an annoying situation arises , you’ll just have to learn to tolerate each other and co-exist.Thirdly , you’ll have to share with each other and make good friends.In conclusion , we should try our best to build a harmonious dormitory life for the sake of good study and good life.On water shortage 水短缺
No one can have failed to notice the fact that water shortage is a grave problem with which the whole world is confronted.Actually, it has become so widespread that it has severely affected people’s daily life and hindered the development of the global economy.A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following might be the critical ones.first, with the development of agriculture and industry, an increasing amount of water is needed.secondly, the ever increasing population is another leading cause of water shortage.Besides, the global tendency of warming up also contributes to the problem.what’s worse, pollution and waste of fresh water aggravate the situation.In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse.First, it is essential that laws and regulations be worked out and enforced to protect water resources.Secondly, people should enhance their awareness of saving water.As for our college students, we should make good use of the waste water to mop the floor or flush thetoilet after having shower or washing clothes.Don’t forget to turn off taps after using it..Low-carbon life 低碳生活
Nowadays,there are a considerable number of individuals who prefer to lead a low-carbon lifestyle which means decreasing the consumption of energy and resources in various ways in their daily life.Low carbon lifestyle can endow us and our society with numerous benefits.Firstly, it goes beyond doubt that low carbon lifestyle contributes a lot to the environmental protection and it is a favorable way to slow down the rate of climate change of our earth, which also means a lot to our health.We are supposed to undertake the responsibility to lead a low-carbon lifestyle, which is of great significance.And there is a diversity of measures we can take so as to lead such an environmental-friendly life.For example, we are expected to minimize the use of private cars, which emit a large amount of greenhouse gases.We can turn off electrical appliances if not necessary as well as using renewable materials.Furthermore, at our leisure, we can seek opportunities to plant more trees which can absorb carbon-dioxide.In brief, low-carbon lifestyle is nothing but the best choice for us and only in this way can we from a harmonious relationship with the environment.Turn off your cell phone 关掉你的手机
Nowadays cell phones are becoming more popular.Almost everybody has got a cell phone.Of course the cell phones have brought us lots convenience.We could get messages immediately from our acquaintances.Parents and friends could get in touch with us wherever we are.it’s also convenient for doing business.We could also use cell phone to read e books, see films and check our e-mail, etc.the cell phones are just easy to use.But there’re also disadvantages.For example, the phones sometimes would ring out during the class which.may completely annoyed the teacher.And it would be very embarrassed when the phone suddenly rings at the meetings.Students in class also like to send messages which would affect their studies.We may need phones to get touch with our friends and relatives.But it is also very necessary to turn off our phones some particular occasions like having classes in the classroom or attending meetings to show your politeness.It’s also good for your health to turn off the cell phone when having sleep at night!
College students' unhealthy habits 大学生的不健康习惯
In modern society ,it’s inevitable for college students to be exposed to all kinds of lures.The students are easy to lose their minds and catch improper and unhealthy habits.Staying up late,being excess consumers and falling in deep love with games,have been put on top of the daily timetable for some students in colleges.In general,such bad life styles render a large number of negative results physically and mentally.Bad habits holders have a more chance to be involved in defects and diseases and lead a shorter life than those with a healthy regular.Besides,they can’t concentrate on their attention in class
because of a lack of good sleep.Last but not least,students will find their lives which should be abundant and colorful have been filled with games,wines,wandering on-line or cigarettes,far away form their original goals and dreams.The above probiem has drawn all society’s attention on how to let students get rid of these bad habits at present.I’m convinced that to set an available and specific goal,such as improving interpersonal skills and get a certain certification is a must.Based on the goal in your heart,you spare no effort to study or do some part-time jobs to achieve it.By doing so,you will find pleasure and fulfillment in your positive life!
On a Harmonious Dormitory Life和谐的宿舍生活
宿舍的生活不可缺少的一部分的大学生活。但有时和谐在宿舍可以受到一种或另一种方式。
众所周知,和谐宿舍的生活是很重要的,大学生和利益所有的与会成员。一方面,我们可以好好休息一下,把心放在研究。另一方面,我们将有一个好心情,享受在一起。有几种方法可以创建和维护和谐宿舍的生活。首先,你必须评估自己的生活方式和试图摆脱你的坏习惯,如果有任何。其次,当一个恼人的情况发生,你就必须学会容忍对方,而且不同模式可以共存。第三,你要一起分享彼此成为好朋友。
总之,我们应该尽力营造一个和谐的宿舍的生活为了良好的学习、美好的生活。
On water shortage 水短缺
没有人可以没有注意到这个事实，水资源短缺是一个严重的问题，整个世界正面临。其实，它已经变得如此普遍，它已严重影响到人们的日常生活，阻碍了全球经济的发展。
许多因素可以解释这个问题，但下面的可能是关键的。首先，随着工业和农业的发展，越来越多的水是必要的。其次，人口的不断增加是一个缺水的主要原因。除此之外，全球变暖趋势，也有助于问题。更糟糕的是，污染和浪费的淡水加剧的情况。
鉴于问题的严重性，必须采取有效措施，在事情变得更糟。首先，它是必要的法律和规章的制定和执行，以保护水资源。其次，人们应该增强节水意识。至于我们的大学生，我们应该充分利用废物的水来拖地或便后冲水洗澡或洗衣服。不要忘记关闭水龙头在使用它。
Low-carbon life 低碳生活
目前，有相当数量的人谁愿意带领低碳生活方式，减少资源和能源消耗以各种方式在他们的日常生活。
低碳生活可以使我们和我们的社会有许多好处。首先，这是毋庸置疑的，低碳的生活方式有助于促进环境保护和它是一个有利的方式来减缓气候变化的速度，我们的地球，也代表了我们的健康。
我们应该承担责任导致的低碳生活方式，具有重要的意义。并且有一个多样性的措施，我们可以采取使这样一个环保的生活。例如，我们会尽量少用私家车，排放大量温室气体。我们可以关掉电器如果没有必要以及使用再生材料。此外，在我们空闲时，我们可以寻找机会的树木可以吸收二氧化碳。
总之，低碳生活只不过是最好的选择我们，只有这样我们才能从与环境的和谐关系.Turn off your cell phone 关掉你的手机
现今的手机正变得越来越受欢迎。几乎每个人都有一部手机。当然，手机给我们带来了很多的方便。我们可以把信息立即从我们的熟人。父母和朋友能与我们取得联系，我们的地方。它也方便做生意。我们也可以用手机阅读电子书籍，看电影和查看我们的电子邮件，等手机只是容易使用。
但也有缺点。例如，手机有时会在类圈。可以彻底惹恼了老师。这将是很尴尬当电话突然响了会议。学生在课堂上也喜欢发短信，会影响他们的研究。
我们可能需要电话联系到我们的朋友和亲戚。但这也是非常必要的关闭一些特定场合喜欢在教室上课或参加会议，显示你的礼貌。这也是很好的为您的健康关闭手机在晚上睡觉！
College students' unhealthy habits 大学生的不健康习惯
在现代社会中,这是不可避免的大学生接触各种各样的诱惑。学生们很容易丢失自己的想法,抓不适当和不健康的生活习惯。熬夜是多余的消费者和坠入深爱着比赛,已被列入每日时间表上有些学生在学校。
一般来讲,这些不良生活方式提供大量的负面结果时,身体上和精神上的。坏习惯持有人有更多的机会参与缺陷和疾病和领导一个较短的生命比那些拥有一个健康的规则。此外,他们不能集中注意力,因为他们的注意力在课堂上的缺乏良好的睡眠。最后但并非最不重要,学生将发现他们的生活应该丰富多彩，一直充满游戏、葡萄酒、徘徊在钱或香烟,远离原有生活形式。
上述的问题已经引起全社会的注意力集中在如何让学生摆脱这些坏习惯到现在。我确信设定一个可用的和明确的目标,如提高人际交往能力,达到一定的认证是必须的。依据目的在你的心里,你不遗余力地学习或做一些兼职工作来实现它。通过这么做,你会找到快乐和满足感在你的积极的生活!
第二篇：英语四级翻译
一、历史文化
四大文明古国：中国位于亚洲东部，是世界上人口最多的国家。中国是世界四大文明古国之一，拥有大量的中华文化光辉的古迹，此外，中国地大物博，拥有茂密的森林、雄伟壮丽的瀑布、秀丽的湖泊以及如利剑直插云霄的山峰，所有这些都令世界各国人民神往。但是，更重要的是，中国以拥有五千多年的历史而自豪，遗留下无数的历史文物，其中包括珍贵珠宝、古迹名胜、宫殿及数不尽的雄伟建筑，令人惊叹不已。这种种原因都促使中国成为许多人梦寐以求的旅游胜地。
China lies in the east of Asia and it has the largest population in the world.China is also one of the four countries in the world that have an ancient civilization, Besides ,it has a vast territory with such abundant natural resources as dense forests, magnificent waterfalls, majestic and beautiful rivers and lakes, and mountains whose peaks reach high into the sky like swords.All these make China a singularly attractive place to tourists around the world.But, most importantly, China boasts a history of over five thousand years with innumerable historical relics left over from the long past, such as priceless pearls and jewels, historic sites and scenic spots, palaces and edifices of architectural richness, all of which have won people’s admiration.You are sure to find great enjoyment from all these attractions in China, a much-admired dream land.中华传统文化：中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在2000多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道家学说，以及其他许多也在中国思想史上有地位的学说流派，这就是有名的“诸子百家”。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族传统文化有它的许多珍贵品质，许多人民性和民主性的好东西。比如，强调仁爱，强调群体，强调和而不同，强调天下为公。特别是“天下兴亡，匹夫有责”的爱国情找，“民为邦本”，“民贵君轻”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐劳，勤俭持家，尊师重教的传统美德，世代相传。所有这些，对家庭，国家和社会起到了巨大的维系与调节作用。
The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long,long course.More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and ZhuangZi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters’hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious idea sand qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic.For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all.Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”;the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”;the code of conduct of “Treat othersas you want to be treated”.And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation: endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management ,and respecting teachers and valuing education.All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the country and the society.汉语：从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。
In a sense ,Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago.During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Sealscript, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script.Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts.Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study.As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.孔子：孔子(ConfUcius)是一位思想家、政治家，教育家，也是中国儒学(the Ru School)思想的创始人。儒学(Confucianism)，这个道德和宗教哲学的大系统建立在孔圣人(Master Kung)的教学上。冯友兰，中国思想史上20世纪伟大的的权威之一，把孔子在中国历史上的影响比作西方的苏格拉底。Confucius was a thinker, political figure, educator, and founder of the Ru School of Chinese thought.Confucianism, the great system of moral and religious philosophy built upon the teachings of Master Kung.Fung You-lan, one of the great 20th century authorities on the history of Chinese thought, compares Confucius9 influence in Chinese history with that of Socrates in the West.红楼梦：《红楼梦》问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象《红楼梦》这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读《红楼梦》，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。
Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages.Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics' articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none.All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve perse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth.And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background.They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own inpiduality.They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it.In short, the reactions vary.二、传统节日 春节：春节庆祝活动是一年中最重要的庆祝活动。中国人庆祝春节的方式可能略微不同，但其愿望几乎是相同的，他们希望其家人和朋友来年健康和幸运。春节庆祝活动通常持续15天。庆祝活动包括春节的年夜饭，放鞭炮，给儿童压岁钱，春节钟声和春节问候。大多数中国人将在春节的第7天停止庆祝活动，因为全国性节假通常在这一天结束，但在公共场所的庆祝活动可能最终持续到正月十五。Chinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year.Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same;they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year.Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days.Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings.Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, however celebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year.清明节：清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为清明节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷藏伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，以锻炼身体。因此，这个节日既有祭扫新坟生别死离得悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。
Ching MingFestival(the Tomb-sweeping Festival), the custom is full of interesting.In addition to pay attention to ban fire, tomb-sweeping, as well as spring outing, swinging, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports.According to legend, this is because the Ching Ming Festival to Cold Food Observance ban fire, in order to prevent the Cold Food Observance buffet beverages, so we come to participate in some sports, in order to exercise.Therefore, this festival which has both the acid tears of sorrow for the died and the laughter from the players, is adistinctive holiday.元宵节：与大多数中国节日一样，元宵节同样有自己的特色小吃，成为“汤圆”(也叫“元宵”)。汤圆外形圆圆的，外皮由糯米制成，内陷或甜或辣。人们都说汤圆有两个象征之意，一为农历的第一个月圆，二为家庭团聚圆满。元宵节传统习俗中还有一部分是关于猜灯谜的游戏。在过去，这些谜语大多出自于模糊的文学典故和中国古典文学之中，所以猜灯谜以前多为知识份子的“领地”。踩高跷，敲大鼓和舞龙狮也是元宵节主要的娱乐活动。
Like most Chinese festivals, the Lantern Festival has its own special food, called “tangyuan”.These are round, glutinous rice dumplings with sweet or spicy fillings.The dumplings are said to symbolize both the first full moon and family utility and completeness.Part of the lantern festival tradition involves a game to guess riddles attached to the lanterns.In the old days the riddles were obscure literary allusions to the Chinese classics and so were mainly the preserve of the educated classes.Stilt-walking ,drumming and dragon and lion dancing are the main entertainment forms of the Lantern Festival.端午节：端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子，希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子（glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是在一些河湖密布的南方省份。The Duan WuFestival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patrioticpoet Qu Yuan.Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as are sult of being vilified.People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of QuYuan’s body.For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.中秋节：农历八月十五日是中国的传统节日——中秋节。在这天，每个家庭都团聚在一起，一家人共同观赏象征丰裕、和谐和好运的圆月。此时，大人们尽情吃着美味的月饼，品着热腾腾的香茗，而孩子们则在一旁拉着明亮的兔子灯尽情玩耍。月宫里美丽的仙女嫦娥的神话故事赋予了这个节日神话色彩。传说古时候，天空曾有10个太阳围着地球旋转。后翌射下了其中9个太阳，拯救了地球上的生灵。他偷了长生不老药，却被妻子嫦娥偷偷喝下，从而产生了嫦娥奔月的故事。
The Mid-Autumn Festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar month.It is atime for family members to congregate and enjoy the full moon, which is a symbol of abundance, harmony and luck.Adults usually indulge in fragrant mooncakes of various kinds with a good cup of hot Chinese tea, while the children run around with their brightly-lit rabbit lanterns.The festival wasendowed a mythological flavour with legends of Chang-E, the beautiful lady inthe moon.According to Chinese mythology, the earth once had 10 suns circling over it.Hou Yi, shot down 9 of the suns to save all the lives on carth.Hestole the elixir of life, which can make people immortal.However, his wife ,Chang-E drank it.Thus the legend of Chang-E flying into the moon came int obeing.三、传统事物
筷子：中国人使用筷子已经有3 000多年的历史了。中国的筷子夹菜的一端是圆的，象征着天；另一端是方的，象征着地。这是因为，维持充足的食物供应是天地之间最重要的事情。中国有个古老的风俗，女子出嫁时要用筷子当嫁妆，因为“筷子”与“快子”谐音。根据中国的餐桌礼仪，吃饭时一直握着筷子是不礼貌的。将菜送入口中后，应立刻把筷子放下。吃饭时，用筷子指着别人会对其造成冒犯。
There has been a history of more than 3 000 years for the Chinese to have meals with chopsticks.Chinese chopsticks are round on the eating end which symbolizes the heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes the earth.It is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between the heaven and the earth.There is an old custom in the past in China, that chopsticks should be apart of a girl’s dowry.Kuaizi(chopsticks)is pronounced the same as “kuaizi”.The latter symbolized “quick” and “son”.According to the Chinese traditional table manners, it is impolite to hold the chopsticks all the time over the meal.As soon as one person sends a bite into his mouth, he should putdown the chopsticks.It would offend others to point at them with chopsticks over the meal.文房四宝：在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚（ink slab），就是人们所说的“文房四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。
In China, “four treasures of the study” refers to “writing brush”, “ink stick”, “paper” and“ink slab”, playing an important role in passing on Chinese civilization.They not only have their value of practical use, but also become the works of art for appreciation and collection.There is a large variety of these four treasures.Selecting of materials and making process have become increasingly delicate and perfect.Each dynasty of Chinese history saw famous craftsmen appear and works produced, which is a profound process of cultural accumulation In contemporary times, “four treasures of the study” have been increasingly rarely used for study or writhing, but they are still playing anir replaceable role in the field of Chinese calligraphy, painting, collection and in the activities of cultivating one's mind.中国结：中国结（The Chinese Knot）是一种古老的艺术形式。人们发现，绳结可以追朔到10万年前。中国人不仅用绳结来固定、包裹、狩猎、捕鱼，还用来记录事件，而且有些绳结纯粹起装饰作用。中国结具有文化内涵（cultural connotation）。由于结在汉语中的发音与“吉”相近。吉的意思是“福、禄、寿、喜、财、安、康”，这是中国人永恒的追求，因此有些中国结表达出人们的各种愿望。例如：新婚夫妇的房间通常用一个盘长结（Pan-chang Knot）来装饰，象征着永恒的爱情。The Chinese Knot is an ancient art form and artifacts could be found as far back as 100 000years ago.Chinese people used knots for more than justfastening , wraping, hunting, fishing.Knots were also to record events ,and someknots had purely ornamentak functions.The Chinese Knot has cultural connotations.Since knot is pronounce d as“jie” in Chinese similar with that of “ji”,which means blessing,goodsalary,longevity,happpiness,fortune,safety and health and is the everl astingpursuit of Chinese people ,some Chinese Knots espress people's various hopes.Forexample ,the room of newlyweds is usually decorated with a Pan-Chang Knot to symbolizeeternal love.八大菜系：中国一个幅员辽阔、资源丰富、历史悠久的多民族国家，每个民族都有其独特的丰富菜肴。地域菜系在地理环境、气候、文化传统、民族风俗和其他因素的影响下经过悠久历史的发展已经成形。最有影响力、最具代表性的是鲁、川、粵、闽、苏、浙、湘、徽菜系，这八种被人们称为“八大菜系”。中国的“八大菜系”是以多种多样的烹饪方法区分的，各有其长处。
China is atime-honored multi-ethnics nation with a vast territory and abundant resources,and every ethnic group has its unique abundant dishes.Regional cuisines havetaken shape after long-history evolution under the influence of geographicalenvironment, climate, cultural tradition, folk customs and other factors.Themost influential and representative ones are Lu, Chuan，Yue, Min, Su，Zhe, Xiang and HuiCuisines, which are commonly known as “Eight Major Cuisines”.Dishes in the“Eight Major Cuisines” in China are characterized by persified cooking skills,with each having its strong points.四、传统艺术
京剧：京剧被奉为中国的国粹，来源于18世纪晚期的安徽和湖北的当地剧种。京剧是中国所有剧种中最有影响力和代表性的，在中国乃至世界享有声誉。京剧完美融合了多种艺术形式。京剧集传统音乐、舞蹈、诗歌、杂耍、武术于一身，以华丽的戏服、逼真的脸谱和程式化的演出套路而闻名。京剧脸谱上每一种图形和亮丽的颜色都有象征意义：红色表示忠诚，蓝色表示残暴，黑色表示正直。Known as China’s national opera, Peking Opera originated in the late 18th century from the basis of some local operas in Anhui and Hubei Provinces.Peking Opera is the mostinfluential and representative of all operas in China.It has won great popularity not only in China but also throughout the world.Peking Opera is aharmonious combination of many art forms.It is a synthesis of traditional music, dancing, poetry, acrobatics and martial arts.It is famous for itsexquisite costumes, beautiful make-up or painted face, and established performing conventions and rules.Each of patterns and brilliant colors on the painted face has a symbolic meaning: red suggests loyalty;blue suggests cruelty;black suggests honesty.武术：武术在我国源远流长，是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝。我们知道，一个民族的优秀文化遗产，不仅仅属于一个民族，它会逐渐传播到世界而成为人类的共同财富。// 为了更好的推广武术运动，使其与奥运项目接轨，中国武协和国际武联做了大量的艰苦卓绝的工作。现在武术运动已被列为一种具有与保龄球运动和国际标准舞同等地位的奥运表演项目。//武术的蓬勃发展，除得益于其项目本身的吸引力之外，早期移居海外的一代武术大师功不可没。//老一代武术家在海外播种下了武术的种子，使武术这门既可以自卫又可以健身的运动很快就在新的土地上扎下了根。今天高超的武术大师已遍布世界各地，武术爱好者也与日俱增。
Wushu, or Chinese martial art, can be traced back to ancient times.It is a gem of Chinese traditional culture.As well know, the fine culture of a nation does not belong to the nation alone and it will be spread to the rest of the world and shared by all humanity.// The Chinese Wushu Association and International Wushu Federation(IWUF)have been working very hard to popularize wushu and make the Chinese martial art closer to the Olympic Movement.Wushu was accepted to join bowling and international standard dance as an Olympic demonstration event.//The booming of wushu is attributed not only to the attractiveness of the sport but also to emigrant Chinese wushu masters over the years.// Martial artists of the older generation shave sown wushu seeds in foreign countries.Wushu, which can be used as self defense and can keep practitioners fit and strong, soon became popular on new lands.Today superb wushu masters are active all over the world, and amateurs are on the increase with each passing day.狮舞：狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China.The lion is the king of animals.In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck.Ancient people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans.The dance has are corded history of more than 2,000 years.During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty.Therefore ,performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.四六级考试的作文题目无非就是两类： 第一．和自己发展有关的个人成长成功话题； 第二．和社会现象相关的学校社会热点话题； 而四六级的写作结构很固定： 第一段：引出话题（对于图画描述）第二段：阐释话题 第三段：总结话题
第一类话题需要大家说自己的认识，其实就是喊出一些无用的口号，并且的变了方的把这些口号喊的比较复杂，人在成长成功过程中的品质通常包括了：某种品质对成功很重要: 可能出现的主题词：
顺境与逆境(Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances)勤奋（diligence;painstaking work）谨慎和坚毅（prudence and determination）热情和乐观（, enthusiasm and optimism）
博学和求知（learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge）绝望和坚持（Frustration and perseverance）独立性问(independence)感恩(gratitude)创新(creation and innovation)鼓励(encouragement)自满和谦逊（self-satisfied and modest）合作（cooperation）等：注意替换主题词就可以了.All in all, by cooperation among each other, we will be able to explore a wider world and reach further horizon.Furthermore, whatever difficulty or situation we are confronted with, those who have the spirit of cooperation and team work are nearer to success.Just as John Adams, the second U.S.president quoted from the ancient Greek Aesop’s Fables,“United we stand, divided we fall.”
自信：(confidence)
(可以把独立换成考场上需要你写的主题词，比如，the spirit of impendence等)
社会和学校话题：
对于学校社会话题同样是喊出口号，分析利弊，不可能写出太多实质的话题：
常见的话题：
1． 资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)环境保护(Environmental protection)低碳环保（low-carbon life）旅游对环境的影响（2． 人口增长(The growth of China’s population)3． 社会保障问题(Social security fund)4． 假冒伪劣产品问题(Counterfeits and unqualified products)食品安全(food safety)5． 消费者权益保护问题(The protection of consumers rights and interests)6． 社会诚信的缺失（Honest is the best policy.It pays to be honest.）
It is not hard to notice that without honesty/credibility, hardly can individuals or organizations make money, take profits, let alone obtain wealth in the long term, especially in this fiercely competitive modern world, I argue.我认为，不难发现，要是没有诚信在这样一个竞争激烈的现代社会中，从长期来看个人和组织是很难赚到钱，赚到利润的，更不必说获得财富了。
7.知识产权保护问题（Intellectual Property protection.No plagiarizing）8． 微博和微信的强势崛起（The rise of the WeiBo,Wechat）9． 传统文化的传播（traditional Chinese culture）
It is my view that national culture as priceless spiritual treasure should be preserved and cherished.Meanwhile, there are good reasons to advocate international culture.While global economic integration has fostered thorough cultural interchanges, it is multiculturalism that essentially makes the society and its people diverse, colorful, vigorous and open-minded.Nevertheless, certainly, when we are confronted with a different culture, we should be sensible enough to absorb its essence and to resist its dark side.Only in this way can we promote cultural development positively and make our world dimensional, colorful and vigorous.孝敬父母（caring parents）(filial piety)Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our parents can enjoy their life to the uttermost.10． 提高学生的身体素质（physical exercise build a strong body and relieve pressure and keep a pleasant mood）
11． 大学生的就业（sticking to our own choice of following our parent’s arrangement）
Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our graduates can enjoy their careers to the uttermost.12． 大学城的建造（the construction of university town）
Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which our students can enjoy their study to the uttermost.先谈社会话题：
负面的话题无非要涉及解决的问题，正面话题就是展望未来，现在送大家一些在考研和四六级中正负面话题都能用的表达：
The general public is supposed to enhance their awareness that 大众需要提升对于…的意识是，In view of the complexity of such a topic, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally.考虑到话题的复杂性，我们必须从社会，经济和文化角度来对待这个话题。
In a sense, it is not why sth.exists in today’s world but what we should do to cope with it.总之，不是讨论为什么在今天的世界会存在这种话题，而在于我们应该怎么去应对他。
文章最后一定能用到的表达：
In view of the importance and the complexity of such a positive/negative phenomenon, we must treat it socially, economically and culturally and maintain it the very force that has driven our society/或 life forward.Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost./或in which student can enjoy their study to the uttermost.特别警惕，四六级还可以出一些应用文作为考察的对象，这里附上一篇欢迎辞； My dear new friends, You are welcomed to join in our English club.I am very glad that you will be a part of our fantastic club.Established in 2001, our club has celebrated her 10th birthday.In the past ten years, a lot of interesting activities have been designed and organized.Our most famous activities include talk shows, speech competition and role play competition.In our club, you will have ample opportunities to enjoy English movies, meet foreign friends and of course practice your oral English with them.I am sure you will enjoy happy moments in our club and make progress in your English learning.
第三篇：2014英语四级翻译
试卷一：中餐
【真题原文】许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜
之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。
【翻译答案】Most people like Chinese food.In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill but also an art.The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking.Although cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account.Since food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between cereal, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as
healthy.试卷二：信息技术
【真题原文】信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。不管怎样，信息技术引起
广大人民的重视是一件好事。
【翻译答案】As China citizens attaching great importance to the rapidly development of Information Technology, some college even set it as a compulsory course.Regarding to this phenomenon, people holding different views.Some people think it is not necessary, for students should learn the traditional curriculum.Another part of people think it is a need, because China should keep pace with the times.Anyway, it is a good thing that Information Technology aroused public concern.试卷三：茶文化
【真题原文】“你要茶还是咖啡?”是用餐人常被问到的问题，许多西方人会选咖啡，而中国人则会选茶，相传，中国的一位帝王于五千年前发现了茶，并用来治病，在明清(the qing dynasties)期间，茶馆遍布全国，饮茶在六世纪传到日本，但直到18世纪才传到欧美，如今，茶是世界上最流行的饮料(beverage)之一，茶是中国的瑰宝。也是中国传统和文化的重要组成部分。
【翻译答案】“Would you like tea or coffee?” That’s a question people often asked when having meal.Most westerners will choose coffee, while the Chinese would like to choose tea.According to legend, tea was discovered by a Chinese emperor five thousand years ago, and then was used to cure disease.During the Ming and Qing dynasties, tea houses were all over the country.Tea drinking spread to Japan in the 6th century, but it was not until the 18th century does it spread to Europe and America.Nowadays, tea is one of the most popular beverage in the world, and it is not only the treasure of China but also an
important part of Chinese tradition and culture.试卷四：中国结【真题原文】中国结最初是由手工艺人发明的，经过数百年不断的改进，已经成为一种优雅多彩的艺术和工艺。在古代，人们用它来记录事件，但现在主要是用于装饰的目的。“结”在中文里意味着爱情，婚姻和团聚,中国结常常作为礼物交换或作为饰品祈求好运和辟邪。这种形式的手工艺代代相传，现在已经在中国和世界各地越来越受欢迎。
【翻译答案】The Chinese knot was originally invented by the craftsmen.After hundreds of years of continuous improvement，it has become a kind of elegant and colorful arts and crafts.In the ancient times，people used it to record the events，but now it was used mainly for decorative purposes.In Chinese, the knot means love, marriage and reunion, and is often a jewelry used for gift exchange or praying for good luck and warding off evil spirits.This form of handicrafts pass down from generation to generation, and
then it has become increasingly popular in China and around the world.1.元宵节： Lantern Festival
2.刺绣：embroidery
3.重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival
4.清明节：Tomb sweeping day
5.剪纸：Paper Cutting
6.书法：Calligraphy
7.对联：(Spring Festival)Couplets
8.象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9.人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10.四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11.战国：Warring States
12.风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13.铁饭碗：Iron Bowl
14.函授部：The Correspondence Department
15.集体舞：Group Dance
16.黄土高原：Loess Plateau
17.红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals
18.中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day
19.结婚证：Marriage Certificate
20.儒家文化：Confucian Culture
21.附属学校：Affiliated school
22.古装片：Costume Drama
23.武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie
24.元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling(Soup)
25.一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
26.火锅：Hot Pot
27.四人帮：Gang of Four
28.《诗经》：The Book of Songs
29.素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30.《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31.大跃进：Great Leap Forward(Movement)
32.《西游记》：The Journey to the West
33.除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34.针灸：Acupuncture
35.唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36.中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37.偏旁：radical
38.孟子：Mencius
39.亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic
40.大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41.火药：gunpowder
42.农历：Lunar Calendar
43.印/玺：Seal/Stamp
44.物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45.京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46.秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47.太极拳：Tai Chi
48.独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child
49.天坛：Altar ofHeaven in Beijing
50.小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51.红双喜：Double Happiness
52.政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor
53.春卷：Spring Roll(s)
54.莲藕：Lotus Root
55.追星族：Star Struck
56.故宫博物院：The Palace Museum
57.相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58.下岗：Lay off/Laid off
59.北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck
60.高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61.烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker
62.敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
63.电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit
64.香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65.文化大革命：Cultural Revolution
66.长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67.门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match
68.《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69.中外合资企业：Joint Ventures
70.文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）：“The Four Treasure of the Study” “Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone”
71.兵马俑：cotta Warriors/ Terracotta Army
72.旗袍：cheongsam
第四篇：英语四级翻译
2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析10
如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数 时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大 学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在 课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考答案
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job.The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training.Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce.And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job.Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.难点精析
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有当 才 ’’用强调句型it is only when„that„表示。，3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析9
茶马古道(Tea-horse Ancient Road)两边，生活着20多个少数 民族。不同的地方有着各自美丽而神奇的自然风景和传统文化，比 如:大理，丽江古城，香格里拉(Shangrila),雅鲁藏布江大峡谷和布 达拉宫(Potala Palace)。古道的两旁有庙宇、岩石壁画、骚站(post ?house),古桥和木板路，还有少数民族舞蹈和民族服装。时至今天，虽然这条古道的踪迹都消失了，但它的文化和历史价值仍然存在。
参考译文
Along the Tea-horse Ancient Road lived more than 20 minori?ties.Concentrations of beautiful and mysterious natural landscapes and traditional cultures developed in various sites，including Dali old city, Lijiang old city, Shangrila, Yarlung Zangbo River Grand Canyon, Potala Palace.The road features temples, rock paintings, post houses, ancient bridges and plank roads.It is also home to many national minorities and their dances and folk customs.Today, although the traces of the ancient road are fading away, its cultural and historic values remain.2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析8
就像向中国出售商品的公司会看到收益有损失一样，中国经济 活动放缓有着世界性的影响。包括澳大利亚、巴西和东南亚在内的 其他国家近年来都看到了巨大的利润，因为中国对自然资源有需求。中国的需求下降巳经对很多商品的价格有了影响。上周，中国财政 部长楼继伟表示,今年的经济增长可能为7%,而这不一定是“底线”。
A slowdown in economic activity in China has a global impact as companies that sell to China may see revenues suffer.Countries includ?ing Australia, Brazil and others in South East Asia have seen huge profits in recent years because of Chinese demand for natural resources.The fall in demand from China has already had an impact on the prices of many commodities.Last week，China’s Finance Minister Lou Jiwei indicated that economic growth could be 7% for the year, and that this may not be the “bottom line”
2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析7
乒乓球在中国是一项颇受欢迎和推崇的运动。长期以来，它的确是中国唯一的运动，似乎集足球、篮球和棒球于一身，但却更受欢迎。任何人都可以打乒乓球，所需的只是一副拍子(paddle)、一个球、一张桌子和一张网而已，这些都易于临时拼凑(improvise)。人们可以在休息间隙或消磨时间时打兵兵球。在中国的学校、工厂甚至某些公司里，都能找到乒兵球桌。
参考答案:
Table tennis is a sport which gains much popularity and praise in China.For a long time, it has really been the only sport in China and seemed to set football,basketball and baseball all rolled into one, but it was more popular.Anyone can play table tennis, for all required are a pair of paddles and ball and a table and net, which are easy to be improvised.People can play it when taking a break or killing time.You can find table-tennis tables in schools, factories or even some companies all over China.2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析6
1936年竺可桢授命出任浙江大学校长。在此之前，他已经是一位声名卓著的自然科学家了。从1936年到1949年，竺可桢当了十三年大学校长。在连绵不断的战争、学运的夹缝中，在极为恶劣的环境下，他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离，居然将这所他接手时只有三个学院、十六个系的大学办成了拥有七个学院、二十七个学系全国最完整的两所大学之一。
In 1936,Zhu Kezhen was appointed as the principal of Zhejiang University.Even before then,he had been a famous natural scientist.From 1936 to 1949,Zhu Kezhen worked as the university principal for 13 years.In the extremely hostile environment filled with converging attacks by continuous wars and various university affairs,being homeless and miserable,he trudged 5,000 li and drifted from place to place through 5 provinces,with the university location being changed 5 times.He actually developed the university into one of the nation's two most integrated universities composed of 7 schools and 27 departments,compared with only 3 schools and 16 departments when he took it over.他跋涉五千里、五易校址、历经五省、颠沛流离，分析: 颠沛流离:drifted from place to place,这个词还有另外一层意思就是“无家可归，生活痛苦”，为了意思表达的全面，将“homeless and miserable”以分词形式作伴随状语译出，可以表达这是一种持续的状态。
2014年12月大学英语四级翻译练习及解析5
中国公司想创造世界品牌，外国公司想增加在中国的销量，这些都正改变着中国的设计产业。中国制造商意识到，若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。索尼这样的外国公司也开始明白，从前海外公司常把随便什么地方设计的产品拿到中国来卖，而现在，中国消费者变得更加挑剔，他们不再那样容易满足了。
参考答案:
Chinese companies want to create world brands and the foreign companies want to increase the selling in China which all change the Chinese design industry.The Chinese manufacturers realize that they have to design better products if they want to stand out in the domestic markets as well as distinguish themselves in the foreign markets.Previously,the overseas caompanies always took the products which were designed in somewhere to Chinese market,but now the foreign companies such as Sony begins to realize that the Chinese consumers become more and more fastidious and no longer easy to be satisfied.若他们想在本国市场脱颖而出，在外国市场崭露头角，就必须设计更好的产品。
分析:
这里的“脱颖而出”和“崭露头角意思相近”，我们尽量选择不同的译法，两个词语可以分别译为“stand out”和“distinguish themselves”。
第五篇：英语四级翻译
1.琴棋书画
中国人最懂得消遣，中国从前的读书人，闲暇时间以琴棋书画作为消遣。在中国人看来，艺术品的好坏，意味着作者人格的高低，所以弹琴、下棋、写字和绘画，都代表一个人的修养。弹琴不是要做音乐家，而是随着美妙的琴声，进入一个辽阔的世界，净化自己的心灵。下棋不是为了胜负，而是磨练耐性和使人眼光远大。写字不仅是把字写漂亮，同时也是为了陶冶情操。绘画则是借着画面上的简单线条，表现自己的想象的世界。
Music, chess, calligraphy and painting
Chinese people have the best idea about recreation.Scholars of ancient times enjoyed themselves through music, chess, calligraphy and painting in their leisure time.In the eyes of the Chinese people, the quality of the artifacts is a reflection of the character of the creator.Thus, playing musical instruments, playing chess, writing calligraphy or painting show one’s culture.By playing music, one does not aim to be a musician but to enter a broader world, purifying one’s soul in the beautiful music.By playing chess, one does not aim to be the winner but to cultivate patience and foresight.By calligraphy, one aims not only to write beautifully but also to improve his mind.Through painting, one expresses an imaginary world with simple lines.2.孝
孝是中国人的一种最重要的民族美德。孔子认为孝道是各种美德的基础。孟子认为，如果人人都能孝顺父母，尊敬长辈，就可以使天下太平。一个人如果能尽孝道，就不会做出越礼犯法的行为。而且，孝顺父母的人往往性情淳厚，有见义勇为的品德，对于公益事业一定热心。社会的组成分子如果能推广孝顺父母的品德，热心公益，就会使社会更容易进步。Filial piety Filial piety is the most important national virtue to the Chinese people.Confucius considered it to be the foundation of other virtues.Mencius believed that if everyone had filial piety for his parents and respect for older generations, there would be peace in the world.Those with filial piety will break neither etiquette nor the law.Such people are usually simple in nature, courageous in a just cause and enthusiastic in promoting the public good for sure.If society is eager for filial piety and ardent for the public good, it will be easier to make progress.3.中文
越来越多受英文教育的海外华人父母，已经认识到孩子在掌握不可或缺的英文的同时，也通晓中文的重要性。中国的崛起，使他们认识到孩子掌握双语的好处---既能增加他们的就业机会，也能让他们接触和熟悉东西方两种不同的文化。这些人对中文的态度几乎完全改变了。曾几何时，他们还骄傲地宣称自己只懂英文。现在，他们已开始积极支持孩子学习中文和中国文化，而且还不时送孩子来中国游览，欣赏壮观的自然风光，了解丰富的文化遗产。
Chinese language An increasing number of Chinese parents overseas with English education background have realized how important it is for their children to command Chinese as well as to master indispensable English.The rise of china has awakened their awareness of the benefits of bilingual study of their children, both to increase their chances of employment and to facilitate their contact and familiarity with tow different cultures: the Oriental and the Occidental.They have almost completely changed their attitudes towards Chinese.At one time they proudly declared that they only knew English.Now, they have begun to positively support their children’s study of Chinese and Chinese culture, and send them on frequent visits to China to admire its magnificent natural scenery and learn its cultural heritage.4.元宵节
正月十五元宵节是中华民族的传统节日，也是春节之后的第一个重要节日。这是一年中第一个月圆之夜，也是大地回春的夜晚，人们对此加以庆祝，也是庆贺新春的延续。按中国民间的传统，在这天上皓月悬挂的夜晚，人们要点起彩灯万盏，以示庆贺。中国幅员辽阔，历史悠久，所以关于元宵节的习俗在全国各地也不尽相同，其中吃元宵、赏花灯、猜灯谜等是元宵节重要的民间习俗。Lantern festival The lantern festival on the 15th day of the first month in the lunar calendar is a traditional festival of the Chinese nation, and the first important one after Spring Festival.This is the first full moon night of the year, and also marks the return of spring, for which people continue their celebration of the New Year.In keeping with folk tradition in china, people light thousands of color lanterns for celebration on this moon-lit night.Because of its vast territory and long history, china has many different customs for Lantern Festival across the country, among which eating yuanxiao(sweet, sticky rice dumplings), admiring beautiful lanterns and guessing lantern riddles are the most important.5.中国传统文化
中华民族的传统文化博大精深、源远流长。早在两千多年前，就产生了以孔孟为代表的道家学说。从孔夫子到孙中山，中华民族的传统文化有许多珍品，比如强调仁爱、强调群体、强调天下为公、特别是强调吃苦耐劳、尊师重教的传统美德。所有这些都对家庭、社会和国家都起到了巨大的维系和调节作用。
Traditional Chinese Culture
Traditional Chinese Culture, extensive and profound, enjoys a long history.More than 2000 years ago Chinese Confucianism and Taoism emerged, founded by Confucius and Mencius, and Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, respectively.From example, it stresses the importance of kindness and love, the interests of the community, the idea that the world is for all, and especially the traditional virtues such as diligence and endurance, respecting teachers and valuing education.All these have played a great role in binding and regulating the family, the society and the country.6.诚信原则
中国人以前都生活在大家庭李，有很多亲戚相互来往。男人在外面做事谋生，也会结交许多朋友。中国人交朋友，秉持的最重要的原则是“诚”和“信”。自己以诚心待人，自然可以换来真实的友谊；尊重别人，自然会被尊重。而且要信守诺言，绝不欺骗。中国人不仅把这些原则应用在私人的交往上，在和其他国家办理外交的时候，也同样遵守这些原则。
Sincerity and faithfulness In the past, the Chinese lived in extended family groups, with many relatives as their social contacts.The men of the family would also make many friends in the course of making their way in the world.Chinese people try to maintain two most important principles in friendship: sincerity and faithfulness.They exchange sincerity for true friendship as might be expected, and receive respect by respecting others.They keep their promises without deceit.Chinese people not only apply these principles in personal contacts, but also follow them in their diplomatic relations with other countries.7.中药
众所周知，在最近两百年之前的大部分时间里，人类一直依赖传统药物与疾病斗争。各大文明古国几乎都有自己的民族医药体系，其中又以中国的中医药体系最为完备，成就最大。可以说，中国的中医药体系是古代医药科学的最高表现。中药绝大部分来源于天然的植物，其次是动物、矿物等。中国各地使用的中药已达5000种左右，用各种药材配成的方剂，更是数不胜数。
Chinese medicine As is commonly known, until the most recent two centuries people fought against disease with traditional drugs.Ancient civilizations all had their own national drug system, among which the Chinese system was the most comprehensive and achieved the greatest results.We could say that the Chinese traditional drug system is the supreme representation of the type.Traditional Chinese drugs come mostly from natural plants.With some from animals and minerals.There are about 5000 traditional drugs in use across China, and countless prescriptions made with those drugs.8.清明节
清明节是中国人扫墓的日子。中国人的乡土观念很重，他们认为世界虽然广大，但只有自己曾经亲手耕耘过的这块土地最可爱。这块土地属于他们，同样的，他们也属于这块土地。传说从前中国人出远门的时候，身边总要带一包故乡的泥土，这样他就不会轻易生病。一个人即使死在他乡，他的家人总要想办法把他的遗体运回去，葬在故乡的土地上。
Tomb-sweeping Day Tomb-sweeping day is the day for Chinese people to pay respect to their ancestors at their graves.Chinese people have strong loyalty to their hometown, believing the land they have cultivated is the most precious, no matter where they may go in the vast world.The land belongs to them and they belong in their own land.It is said that Chinese people of ancient times, when out of town, would take some soil from their hometown to protect them from illness.When one dies in a foreign land, his family will go to great lengths to carry back his remains to be buried in his own land.9.中国画
中国画线条简单，却能给人无限的想象空间。所以中国人看画，事实上是在心里作画。也许有人会问： 中国的山水画家为什么老是喜欢画一些简陋的茅房，而不画高大的建筑呢？这是因为中国人觉得物质生活是短暂的，人的精神却是永恒的。一个人如果领悟了天地的辽阔，山水的永久，他还能不觉察自己的渺小，而变得谦虚吗？
Chinese Painting Chinese painting, though simple in line, inspires a boundless realm of imagination.Therefore, when Chinese people appreciate their paintings, they are actually painting in their mind.Some may ask: why do Chinese landscape painters love to paint shabby cottages instead of high buildings? It is because they sense the brevity of physical life but the eternity of the human spirit.If one realizes the boundlessness of heaven and earth and the eternity of mountains and rivers, how could he be otherwise than humble at his own insignificance in the universe?
10.世界多元文化
一个音符无法表达出优美的旋律，一种颜色难以描绘出多彩的画卷。世界是一座丰富多彩的艺术殿堂，各国人民创造的独特文化都是这座殿堂里的瑰宝。人类历史发展的过程，就是各种文明不断交流、融合、创新的过程。人类历史上各种文明都以各自的独特方式为人类进步做出了贡献。我们应该积极维护世界多样性，推动不同文明的对话和交融，相互借鉴而不是相互排斥，使人类更加和睦幸福，让世界更加丰富多彩。
Cultural Diversity
A composer cannot write an enchanting melody with only one note, and a painter cannot paint a landscape with only one pigment.The world is a treasure house displaying unique cultural achievements created by people from all countries.The history of human development is the process of different civilizations interacting with each other for mutual enrichment, and all civilization have contributed to the progress of mankind in their own way.We should uphold the diversity of the world, enhance dialogue and interaction between civilizations, and draw on each other’s strengths instead of being mutually exclusive.When this is done, mankind will enjoy greater harmony and happiness, and the world will become a more colorful place to live.11.端午节
根据传说，楚国政治家兼诗人屈原忧国忧时，在五月五日投江自尽。人们敬爱这位爱国诗人，驾船寻找他的遗体，却没有找到。后来人们把糯米包在竹叶里面，做成粽子，驾着小船到达出事地点，把粽子丢到水里，当做祭品，这就是粽子和龙舟比赛的起源。在南方水乡，每年端午节都有龙舟比赛。
Dragon Boat Festival
According to legend, Qu Yuan, a politician and poet in the Chu Kingdom of ancient China, jumped into the river on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, committing suicide in his concern about the current circumstances and future fate of the country.In their reverence for the patriotic poet, people rowed out in boats to make glutinous rice dumplings, rowed to the site of the suicide, and threw them into the water as a sacrifice.This is the origin of both glutinous rice dumplings and the dragon boat race.In the riverside towns of south China, there dragon boat races every Dragon Boat Festival.12.孔子学院（Confucius Institute）是中国在世界各地设立的教育和文化交流机构。推广汉语、传播中国文化是设立该机构的目的。孔子学院最重要的一项工作就是给世界各地的汉语学习者提供标准的教材以及正规的汉语学习渠道。全球首家孔子学院于2004年在韩国首尔（Seoul）成立，目前已遍布106个国家。孔子学院有力地推动了中国文化的交流与融合（integration）。
Confucius Institute is an institute of education and cultural communication established by China all over the world.Its aim is to promote Chinese language and spread Chinese culture.The most important task of Confucius Institute is to provide standard textbooks and a formal channel to learn Chinese for learners all over the world.The first Confucius Institute opened in 2004 in Seoul, South Korea.At present, it has been established in 106 countries.Confucius Institute has greatly promoted the exchange and integration of cultures between China and the rest of the world.13.大熊猫被称为“中国国宝”（China’s national treasure）是中国特有的动物。大熊猫外表黑白相间，体型肥胖，是一种温顺可爱的动物。它们主要生活在中国西南地区，80%以上分布于四川境内。它们习惯居住在温暖潮湿的环境中，喜欢吃竹类。由于生育率低，对生活环境的要求又相当高，它们的数量越来越少。中国政府早已意识到这一问题的严重性，所以做出了很多努力来保护这一濒危物种。
Referred to as “China’s national treasure”, panda is an animal unique to China.With a black and white coat as well as a fat body, it is a gentle and lovely animal.Pandas live mainly in the southwest part of china, over 80% of them living in Sichuan Province.They are accustomed to living in warm and wet environment.Bamboo is their favorite food.Because of low birth rate and high requirement for living environment, the number of pandas is declining.Having realized the seriousness of the problem, Chinese government has made a lot of efforts to protect the endangered species.
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