浅析生物可降解高分子材料的开发利用中英文对照

第一篇：浅析生物可降解高分子材料的开发利用中英文对照

浅析生物可降解高分子材料的开发利用中英文对照

Development and use of biodegradable polymer materials in English

我国目前的高分子材料生产和使用已跃居世界前列，每年产生几百万吨废旧物。如此多的高聚物迫切需要进行生物可降解，以尽量减少对人类及环境的污染。生物可降解材料，是指在自然界微生物，如细菌、霉菌及藻类作用下，可完全降解为低分子的材料。这类材料储存方便，只要保持干燥，不需避光，应用范围广，可用于地膜、包装袋、医药等领域。生物可降解的机理大致有以下3 种方式： 生物的细胞增长使物质发生机械性破坏； 微生物对聚合物作用产生新的物质；酶的直接作用，即微生物侵蚀高聚物从而导致裂解。按照上述机理，现将目前研究的几种主要的可生物可降解的高分子材料介绍如下。

China's current polymer materials production and use has leapt to the forefront of the world, millions of tons of waste materials generated each year.So many of the urgent need for biodegradable polymers, in order to reduce the pollution to human and environment.Biodegradable materials, refers to the natural microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi and algae function, can be completely degraded into low molecular materials.This kind of material storage is convenient, as long as keep dry, without dark, wide application range, can be used for plastic film, packaging bags, medicine and other fields.Biodegradable mechanism can be summarized in the following 3 ways: biological cell growth of material mechanical damage;microorganism to produce new substances on the polymer;direct role in enzyme, namely microbial attack polymers resulting in cracking.According to the mechanism, the present study several main can be biodegradable polymer materials is introduced as follows.1、生物可降解高分子材料概念及降解机理

1, the concept and the degradation mechanism of biodegradable polymer materials

生物可降解高分子材料是指在一定的时间和一定的条件下，能被微生物或其分泌物在酶或化学分解作用下发生降解的高分子材料。

Biodegradable polymer materials refers to a certain time and certain conditions, can be high polymer material or its secretion in microbial degradation enzymatic or chemical decomposition.生物可降解的机理大致有以下3种方式：生物的细胞增长使物质发生机械性破坏；微生物对聚合物作用产生新的物质；酶的直接作用，即微生物侵蚀高聚物从而导致裂解。一 1

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般认为，高分子材料的生物可降解是经过两个过程进行的。首先，微生物向体外分泌水解酶和材料表面结合，通过水解切断高分子链，生成分子量小于500的小分子量的化合物；然后，降解的生成物被微生物摄入人体内，经过种种的代谢路线，合成为微生物体物或转化为微生物活动的能量，最终都转化为水和二氧化碳。

Biodegradable mechanism can be summarized in the following 3 ways: biological cell growth of material mechanical damage;microorganism to produce new substances on the polymer;direct role in enzyme, namely microbial attack polymers resulting in cracking.Generally, biodegradable polymer materials is through two process.First of all, microorganism to secretion in vitro hydrolase and material surface binding, by hydrolytic cleavage of polymer chain, small molecular weight compounds molecular weight less than 500;and then, the resultant degradation by microorganism in intake in the human body, through various metabolic route, for the synthesis of microorganisms or microbial activities into energy, eventually transformed water and carbon dioxide.因此，生物可降解并非单一机理，而是一个复杂的生物物理、生物化学协同作用，相互促进的物理化学过程。到目前为止，有关生物可降解的机理尚未完全阐述清楚。除了生物可降解外，高分子材料在机体内的降解还被描述为生物吸收、生物侵蚀及生物劣化等。生物可降解高分子材料的降解除与材料本身性能有关外，还与材料温度、酶、PH值、微生物等外部环境有关。

Therefore, biodegradable mechanism is not single, but a biophysical, biochemical synergistic complex physical and chemical process, promote each other.So far, the mechanism is not yet fully explain clearly the biodegradable.In addition to biodegradable, degradation of polymer materials in the body are also described for biological uptake, biological erosion and biological degradation.Biodegradable polymer materials and organic degrading performance of the material itself, also related to the material temperature, pH, enzyme, microbial environment.2、生物可降解高分子材料的类型

Type 2, biodegradable polymer materials

按来源，生物可降解高分子材料可分为天然高分子和人工合成高分子两大类。按用途分类，有医用和非医用生物可降解高分子材料两大类。按合成方法可分为如下几种类型。According to sources, biodegradable polymer materials can be divided into natural polymer and synthetic polymer two categories.Classified according to purpose, medical and non-medical

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biodegradable polymer materials two categories.According to the synthesis methods can be divided into the following several types.2.1微生物生产型

Microbial production of type 2.1

通过微生物合成的高分子物质。这类高分子主要有微生物聚酯和微生物多糖，具有生物可降解性，可用于制造不污（版权声明：本文转载自论文网在线()，版权归原作者所有。）染环境的生物可降解塑料。如英国ICI 公司生产的“Biopol”产品。By the polymer synthesized by microorganisms.This kind of polymer are microbial polyesters and microbial polysaccharide, which is biodegradable, can be used in the manufacture of no pollution(copyright statement: This article reprinted from the online(), belongs to original author.)Biodegradable plastic pollution environment.Such as the British ICI company production of “Biopol” products.2.2合成高分子型

2.2 synthetic polymer

脂肪族聚酯具有较好的生物可降解性。但其熔点低，强度及耐热性差，无法应用。芳香族聚酯(PET)和聚酰胺的熔点较高，强度好，是应用价值很高的工程塑料，但没有生物可降解性。将脂肪族和芳香族聚酯(或聚酰胺)制成一定结构的共聚物，这种共聚物具有良好的性能，又有一定的生物可降解性。

Aliphatic polyesters with biodegradability better.But its low melting point, strength and heat resistance is poor, can not be applied.Aromatic polyester(PET)and polyamide with high melting point, good strength, is very high application value engineering plastics, but not biodegradable.The aromatic and aliphatic polyester(or polyamide)copolymers made certain structure, this copolymer has good performance, and the biodegradability of certain.2.3天然高分子型

2.3 natural polymer

自然界中存在的纤维素、甲壳素和木质素等均属可降解天然高分子，这些高分子可被微生物完全降解，但因纤维素等存在物理性能上的不足，由其单独制成的薄膜的耐水性、强度均达不到要求，因此，它大多与其它高分子，如由甲壳质制得的脱乙酰基多糖等共混制得。

Existing in the nature of cellulose, chitin and lignin are biodegradable polymer, the polymer can

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be biodegradable cellulose, but due to problems of physical properties, the strength and water, the film made independently are not up to the requirements, therefore, most of it with other polymers, such as by chitin the prepared chitosan prepared polysaccharides etc..2.4掺合型

2.4 mixed type

在没有生物可降解的高分子材料中，掺混一定量的生物可降解的高分子化合物，使所得产品具有相当程度的生物可降解性，这就制成了掺合型生物可降解高分子材料，但这种材料不能完全生物可降解。

In polymer materials not biodegradable, high molecular compound biodegradable mixing certain amount, the product is biodegradable considerably, which made the blending biodegradable polymer materials, but this material can not be completely biodegradable.3、生物可降解高分子材料的开发

3, the development of biodegradable polymer materials

3.1生物可降解高分子材料开发的传统方法

The traditional method of 3.1 biodegradable polymer materials development

传统开发生物可降解高分子材料的方法包括天然高分子的改造法、化学合成法和微生物发酵法等。

Method of traditional methods, the development of biodegradable materials include natural polymer chemical synthesis and microbial fermentation etc..3.1.1天然高分子的改造法

3.1.1 transformation method of natural polymers

通过化学修饰和共混等方法，对自然界中存在大量的多糖类高分子，如淀粉、纤维素、甲壳素等能被生物可降解的天然高分子进行改性，可以合成生物可降解高分子材料。此法虽然原料充足，但一般不易成型加工，而且产量小，限制了它们的应用。

By the methods of chemical modification and blending, on the existence of polysaccharide polymer mass in nature, such as starch, cellulose, chitosan can be modified natural polymer biodegradable, can be synthesized biodegradable polymer materials.This method is of sufficient raw materials, but generally not easy processing, and production of small, limiting their applications.3.1.2化学合成法

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3.1.2 chemical synthesis method

模拟天然高分子的化学结构，从简单的小分子出发制备分子链上含有酯基、酰胺基、肽基的聚合物，这些高分子化合物结构单元中含有易被生物可降解的化学结构或是在高分子链中嵌入易生物可降解的链段。化学合成法反应条件苛刻，副产品多，工艺复杂，成本较高。The chemical structure of simulation of natural polymers, starting from simple small molecules for preparing molecular chain containing ester, amide, peptide based polymer, the structure of high polymer unit contains easily by the chemical structure of biodegradable or segment easily biodegradable polymer chain embedded in the.Chemical synthesis harsh reaction conditions, a by-product of multiple, complex process, high cost.3.1.3微生物发酵法

3.1.3 by microbial fermentation

许多生物能以某些有机物为碳源，通过代谢分泌出聚酯或聚糖类高分子。但利用微生物发酵法合成产物的分离有一定困难，且仍有一些副产品。

Many organisms to some organic compounds as carbon source, through metabolic produce polyester or chitosan polymer.But the separation by microbial fermentation synthetic products have certain difficulty, and there are still some by-products.3.2生物可降解高分子材料开发的新方法——酶促合成3.2 new methods of biodegradable polymer materials development--enzymatic synthesis

用酶促法合成生物可降解高分子材料，得益于非水酶学的发展，酶在有机介质中表现出了与其在水溶液中不同的性质，并拥有了催化一些特殊反应的能力，从而显示出了许多水相中所没有的特点。

Using enzymatic synthesis of biodegradable polymer materials, owing to the development of nonaqueous enzymology, enzymes in organic medium exhibits properties and solution of different, and has some special ability of catalytic reaction, thus showing a lot of water phase no characteristics.3.3酶促合成法与化学合成法结合使用

3.3 enzymatic synthesis method and chemical combination method

酶促合成法具有高的位置及立体选择性，而化学聚合则能有效的提高聚合物的分子量，因此，为了提高聚合效率，许多研究者已开始用酶促法与化学法联合使用来合成生物可降解高分子材料

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Enzymatic synthesis method has the advantages of high position and stereoselectivity, and chemical polymerization can improve effectively the amount of polymer molecules, therefore, in order to improve the polymerization efficiency, many researchers have begun to use to synthetic biodegradable polymer materials by enzymatic method and chemical method4、生物可降解高分子材料的应用

Application of 4, biodegradable polymer materials

目前生物可降解高分子材料主要有两方面的用途：（1）利用其生物可降解性，解决环境污染问题，以保证人类生存环境的可持续发展。通常，对高聚物材料的处理主要有填埋、焚烧和再回收利用等3种方法，但这几种方法都有其弊端。（2）利用其可降解性，用作生物医用材料。目前，我国一年约生产3000 多亿片片剂与控释胶囊剂，其中70%以上是上了包衣的表皮，其中包衣片中有80%以上是传统的糖衣片，而国际上发达国家80%以上使用水溶性高分子材料作薄膜衣片，因此，我国的片剂制造水平与国际先进水平有很大的差距。国外片剂和薄膜衣片多采用羟丙基甲纤维素，羟丙纤维素、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、醋酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、羟甲基纤维素钠、微晶纤维素、羟甲基淀粉钠等。

The biodegradable polymer materials are mainly used in two ways:(1)using its biodegradability, solve the problem of environmental pollution, in order to guarantee the sustainable development of human living environment.Usually, processing of polymer materials are landfill, incineration and 3 ways to recycle, but these methods have their drawbacks.(2)using its biodegradability, used as biomedical materials.At present, China's annual production of about about 300000000000 tablet with controlled release capsules, which is more than 70% of the coating surface, wherein the coating film is more than 80% tablets of traditional, and more than 80% of the developed countries the use of water-soluble polymer materials for thin film coating, therefore, the manufacturing level of tablet I China has a big gap with the international advanced level.Foreign tablets and film-coated tablets using hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, acrylic resin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate phthalate two formic acid, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, hydroxymethyl starch sodium.6

第二篇：生物材料专业词汇中英文对照

管中管结构 pipe-in-pipe structure

神经生长因子缓释微球recombinant human nerve

growth factor sustained release microsphere 非取向支架 non-oriented scaffold 孔道结构 pore-channel structure 纳米复合材料nanocomposites 生物安全性 biological safety

人工合成材料 artificial synthetic material 药物缓释材料 drug delivery material 载体材料 carrier material

透析膜材料 dialysis membrane material 纳米材料 nanomaterial

扫描隧道显微镜 scanning tunneling microscope(STM)化学气相沉积 chemical vapor deposition(CVD)碳纳米管 carbon nano-tube 抗折强度 flexural strength

气体冷凝法 gas-condensatin method 抗拉强度 tensile strength

抗压强度 compressive strength 液相法 liquid-phase method 固相法 solid-phase method 支架scaffold

细胞外基质材料extracellular matrix material 生物衍生支架bio-derived scaffold 胶原纤维collagen fiber

去细胞化支架decellularized scaffold 血管内支架intravascular stents

糖铁络合物涂层glucose-Fe complex coating 表面修饰改性surface modification 层层自组装layer-by-layer self-assembly 编织型神经导管braided nerve conduit 支架 stent

TiNi合金 Ti-Ni alloy 超弹性hyperelastic 有限元 Finite element

计算流体动力学 computational fluid dynamic analysis 反复铸造 recasting

镍铬烤瓷合金 nickel-chromium ceramic alloy 结合力 bonding strength

义齿性口炎 denture stomatitis 活动义齿 removable dentures 基托 denture base 抗菌性 sterilization

开放性骨折 open fracture 硫酸钙 calcium sulfate 抗生素 antibiotic

心血管支架 cardiovascular stent 再狭窄 restenosis

生物相容性 biocompatibility 输血 blood transfusion 不良反应 adverse effect 支架 scaffold 载体 vector

丝素蛋白 silk fibroin

牛骨形态发生蛋白 bovine bone morphogenetic protein 组织工程骨 tissue engineering bone 构建 construct

脊柱融合 spinal fusion 扩增 amplify

细胞外基质材料 extracellular matrix material 生物力学 biomechanics

生物衍生支架 bio-derived scaffold 细胞外基质 extracellular matrix 制备 preparation 鉴定 identification

原代肝细胞 primary hepatocyte 培养基 medium

胎牛血清 fetal bovine serum 胰岛素 insulin

地塞米松 dexamethasone

表皮生长因子 epidermal growth factor 等离子喷涂涂层 plasma spraying coating 去细胞化支架decellularized scaffold

糖铁络合物涂层 glucose-Fe complex coating 表面修饰改性 surface modification 层层自组装 layer-by-layer self-assembly 编织型神经导管 braided nerve conduit 载体材料 carrier material

血管内支架 intravascular stents

透析膜材料 dialysis membrane material

钙磷/壳聚糖涂层 calcium phosphate∕chitosan coatings 药物缓释材料 drug delivery material 生物膜biomembrane 封阻剂，阻断剂 blocker 螯合剂 chelating agent 克隆载体 cloning vector 皮质颗粒 cortical granule 肾上腺皮质素 corticoid

促肾上腺皮质素释放素corticoliberin 皮质类固醇 corticosteroid

细胞骨架结构 cytoskeletal structure

宏观量子隧道效应 macroscopic quantum tunneling effect(MQT)

惰性气体沉积法 inert gas deposition 高能球磨法 high energy ball mill 冷冻干燥法 freeze drying

水热合成法 hydrothermal synthesis

辐射化学合成法 radiation chemical synthesis

快速凝固法 rapidly quenching

强烈塑性变形法 severe(intense)plastic deformation 非晶晶化法 amorphous solid crystallization 原位复合法 in-situ composite 插层复合法 intercalation hybrids 微乳液法 micro emulsion

模板合成法 template synthesis 自组装法 self-assembly

石墨电弧放电法 graphite arc discharge 快速凝固法 rapidly quenching 稳定化处理passivating treatment

X 射线衍射法 X-ray diffractometry(XRD)

扫描探针显微镜 scanning probe microscopy(SPM)红外吸收光谱法 infrared absorption spectroscopy X 射线衍射线宽化法 X-ray diffractometry line broadening(XRD-LB)

X 射线小角度散射法 small angle X-ray scattering(SAXS)拉曼光谱法raman spectrometry

穆斯堡尔谱法mossbauer spectrometry

光子相关谱法 photon correlation spectroscopy 压汞仪法 mercury porosimetry 纳米压痕仪nano impress(NI4.6.16)

扫描隧道电子显微法 scanning tunneling electron microscopy(STM)

扫描近场光学显微法 scanning near-field optical microscopy(SNOM)

原子力显微法 atomic force microscopy(AFM)

扫描电容显微法 scanning capacitance microscopy(SCM)扫描热显微法 scanning thermal microscopy(STHM)场离子显微法 field ion microscopy(FIM)

磁力显微法 magnetic force microscopy(MFM)激光干涉仪 laser interferometer

激光衍射/散射法 laser diffraction and scattering 离心沉降法 centrifugal sedimentation 绝对偏差 absolute deviation 绝对误差 absolute error

可及启动子 accessible promoter 消色差透镜 achromatic lens

插入重组，加插重组 additive recombination 亲和层析 affinity chromatography 亲和共电泳 affinity coelectrophoresis 双相接种技术 biphasic seeding technique 碳纤维增强聚醚醚酮 carbon fibers reinforced polyetheretherketone

还原胺化反应 reductive amination reaction 金纳米粒子 gold nanoparticles

电化学沉积electrochemicaly deposition 髌骨软化症chondromalacia patellae 锥虫蓝trypan blue

壳聚糖-胶原支架 Chitosan-Collagen scaffold 水胶体敷料 hydrocolloid dressing

仿生双相陶瓷生物骨 bionic biphasic ceramic-like biologic bone

PDS 可吸收缝线 poly(p-dioxanone)absorbable suture 真空抽干 lyophilized processing

透明质酸苄基酯hyaluric acid phenmethyl ester 异种移植 xenotransplantation

颈前路手术 cervical anterior approach 药物洗脱支架 drug-eluting stent 瞬心 instantaneous center

辅助性T 淋巴细胞 T helper lymphocytes 缓释片 controlled release tablets

累积释放度 cumulative release percent 腔内隔绝术 endovascular graft exclusion

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术Balloon kyphoplasty

低强度脉冲式超声波 Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound 封阻剂，阻断剂Blocker

封闭剂，封阻剂blocking agent

封闭抗体，阻断抗体blocking antibody 血细胞计数器blood cell counter 血液循环blood circulation 血块blood clot

血块收缩blood clot retraction 血液凝固，凝血blood clotting 血液凝固，凝血blood coagulation

凝血级联系统blood coagulation cascade 凝血因子blood coagulation factor 螯合聚合物chelate polymer

细胞毒性T 淋巴细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte 细胞毒性cytotoxicity

细胞毒性T 淋巴细胞cytotoxic T lymphocyte 细胞毒素cytotoxin 细胞向性cytotropism 配离子coordination ion

配位异构coordination isomerism 配位数coordination number 二尖瓣bicuspidal valve 双极电解bielectrolysis

双焦点眼镜bifocal spectacles

双节肋骨咬骨钳bi-joints rib rongeur 两侧的bilateral

胆道扩张器bile duct dilator

胆红素比色计bilirubin colorimeter

双层金属真空计bimetallic vacuum gauge 双峰起搏器bimodal pacemaker 双重X 射线源binary X-ray source 牙龈形态学gingival morphology

牙槽嵴形态学alveolar ridge morphology

模型分析model analysis 侧貌分析profile analysis

美学诊断蜡型aesthetic diagnostic wax-up 绘图模拟paint simulation 蜡模拟wax simulation 切平面incisal plane

凸出切平面convex incisal plane 鸥翼切平面gull wing incisal plane 腰椎管狭窄 lumbar stenosis超声波 ultrasound 脊柱侧凸 scoliosis

软组织损伤 soft tissue injury 脊髓造影myelography

前列腺素E2 prostaglandin E2 影像分析 imaging analysispH 值 pH value

生物医学工程 biomedical engineeringβ-内啡肽β-endorphin

激光解析离子化-飞行laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight

时间质谱mass spectrometry technique

股骨头缺血性坏死ischemic necrosis of the femoral head 地龙pheretimaasiatica 冲击波 shock wave 肽 peptide矫形器orthosis

蛋白质组 proteome

下肢矫形器 lower limb orthosis 医学工程学 medical engineering马蹄内翻足talipesequinovarus

直流电疗机galvanic current apparatus 电烙绞勒器galvanic ecraser

伽伐尼电，流电，化电galvanic electricity 原电池galvanic element

皮肤电反应galvanic skin response(abbr.GSR)直流电刺激galvanic stimulation ①电镀②流电疗法galvanization 直流电疗机galvanization apparatus

流电，电针术galvanogalvanoacupuncture 电针麻醉galvanoacupuncture anesthesia

电针麻仪galvanoadcupuncture anesthesia unit 电烙勒除器galvanocaustic snare 电烙器galvanocautery

电烙刀galvanocautery knife 电流记录图galvanograph

电流计，检电流计galvanometer 检流计放大器galvanometer amplifier 检流计示波器galvanometer oscillograph 电流记录仪galvo-recorder

活体移植living donor transplantation 可摘除式假牙removable partial dentures 假牙支撑support 牙冠crown

生物相容性biocompatibility 生物反应器bioreactor

酸性磷酸酶acid phosphatase

促肾上腺皮质激素adrenocorticotropic hormone 丙胺酸转氨酶alanine amino transferase 白蛋白albumin 醛缩酶aldolase 醛甾酮aldosterone

碱性磷酸酶alkaline phosphatase 同功酶isoenzymes

δ－氨基乙酰丙酸delta-aminolevulinic acid 雄（甾）烯二酮androstenedione 雄甾酮androsterone

血管紧缩素I 和肾素angiotensin I and rennin

血管紧缩素转化酶（A.C.E.）angiotensin converting enzyme [A.C.E.]

抗坏血酸维生素Cascorbic acid 人造臂artificial arms

半功能手semi-functional hands 吸收震动脚shock absorbing feet 充分活动full mobility

人造假体artificial prosthesis 义眼artificial eye

微型数字照相机miniature digital camera

远程单向电子接口remote unidirectional electronic interface

视网膜retina

视神经optic nerve

人造电子眼artificial electronic eye 人造心脏artificial hearts 人造耳朵artificial ear

勃起障碍erectile dysfunction 海绵体corpora cavernosa 食管癌esophageal cancer 失弛缓症achalasia

胃食管返流疾病gastroesophageal reflux disease 人造贲门artificial cardia 胃stomach

板层骨lamellar bone 编织骨woven bone 不动关节synarthrosis 成骨细胞osteoblast

初级骨化中心primary osseous center

次级骨化中心secondary ossification center 穿通管Volkmann’s canal

粗面内质网rough endoplasmic reticulum 蛋白多糖类protein polysaccharides 低磷性佝偻病hypophosphatemicricket 动力固定dynamic fixation

动力加压dynamic compression

动力加压接骨板dynamic compressing plate DCP 二磷酸盐diphosphonate 非自攻钉nonself tapping

肥大性假关节hypertrophic pseudoarthrosis 负荷load

干骺端metaphysis 干骺端metaphyses 骨囊肿bone cyst 骨髓bone marrow

骨皮质螺钉cortical screws 骨松质螺钉cancellous screws

冠状动脉支架coronary artery stent implantation 血小板活化platelet activation 生物相容性biocompatibility 金属裸支架bare stent

药物洗脱支架drug-eluting stent 再狭窄restenosis

肩锁关节acromioclavicular 喙突coracoid process 脱位dislocation

颈椎前路anterior cervical plating 内固定器internal fixation device 伸膝迟滞Knee extension lag 膝骨关节炎knee osteoarthritis

全膝人工关节置换total knee arthroplasty 股骨骨折intertrochanteric fracture 虚拟手术virtual surgery 穿透penetration

事件相关电位event related potential 听觉Oddball auditory Odd-ball task

第三篇：中英文对照A

《美国口语惯用法例句集粹》Ａ

A(Page 1-4)

1.about

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)I'd like to know what this is all about.我想知道这到底是怎么回事。How about a fish sandwich? 来一块鱼肉三明治怎么样？What about me? 我怎么样？I'm not about to go in that old house.我是不会进那幢旧房子的！Yes I remember that night.What about it? 是的，我记得那个晚上，那又怎样？What's this all about? 这到底是怎么回事？It's about time you showed up!差不多是你该露面的时候了。

2.above

1)

2)Above all, I want everything quiet.首要的是：我要一切保持安定。Tom thinks he's above hard work.汤姆认为自己没必要努力工作。

3.act

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)Would you please act out what happened? 你能把发生的事演示一下吗？Watch Ricky.He sometimes likes to act up in class.注意里基，他又是喜欢在课堂上捣蛋。That profane comedian needs to clean up his act.那个爱说粗言秽语的喜剧演员应该净化一下自己的言行。We need to get our act together and come to see you.我们需要统一意见后来见你。The newspapers called the earthquake an act of God.报纸上称那次地震为天灾。Masa is a class act.玛莎是位杰出的女性。

4.action

1)

2)

3)

4)We're going to bring action against our debtors.我们打算控告我们的债务人。Did you see any action in yesterday's ballgame? 昨晚的棒球比赛中你看到有什么有趣的精彩场面吗？Our community is going to take action against the proposed waste dump.我地区要采取行动反对那项垃圾处理场的提案。Jim wants to go where the action is.吉姆想去有刺激性的地方。

5.advantage

1)

2)Our opponents have a height advantage on us.我们的对手在身高上比我们占有优势。Nobody likes to be taken advantage of.没有人喜欢被捉弄（或：被欺骗、利用）

6.after

1)

2)

3)

4)I think that girl is after you.我想那女孩是在追你。It looks like things are gonna work out after all.看起来事情终会解决的。This soft drink has a nasty aftertaste.这软饮料有种让人难受的余味。I see your point, but don't you think it's way after the fact.我明白你的意思，但你不觉

得这已是“事后诸葛亮”了吗？

7.again

1)I could go to Japan again and again.我可以一而再、再而三地去日本。（注：意指不会感到

厌倦）

8.age

1)

2)Would you please act your age!请你做事要有一个与自己年龄相称的样子。This is a “coming of age” movie.这是一部成人影片。

9.air

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)I need to go outside and get some air.我需要出去呼吸点新鲜空气。I don't know what's wrong, but can feel it in the air.虽然我不知道到底是出了什么差错，但我能隐隐约约感觉到。Mike was sad when they took his favorite program off the air.当迈克喜欢的节目被取消时，他感到很伤心。The sale of our house is still up in the air.我们的房子出勤率售一事还没有最后定下来。After winning the championship, I felt I could walk on air.获得冠军后，我飘飘欲仙。Your sister is such an airhead.你姐姐真是来个没有头脑的人。Janet Jackson's new song is getting lots of airplay.珍妮〃杰克逊的新歌到处都在不断地播放。That last time I took a plane, I got airsick.上次我乘飞机时晕机了。I hope there's no bad air between us.我希望我们之间的关系不要很别扭。

10.all

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)

7)

8)

9)

10)

11)

12)

13)It's looks like we won't be going after all.看起来最后我们还是不能去。We've all but finished the project.我们已几乎完成了那个项目。All in all I'd say it's been a very productive day.总的来说，我认为这一天过得很充实。Let's go all-out and win this game!让我们尽全力来打赢这场比赛。We knew it was all over when we saw the building burst.当我们看见那座建筑突然起火时，我们知道一切全完了。We wish you all the best.我们大家祝福你一切如意。If it's all the same to you, I'd just as soon not go.如果这对你都是一回事的话，我就不想去了。They were running from the police like all get-out.他们以极快的速度逃脱警察的追赶。I didn't see them come in at all.我根本高没有发现他们的进来。Let's settle this matter once and for all.让我们来把这个问题一次性地彻底解决掉。Mark is an all-around athlete.马克是一个全能运动员。Did you get to play in the all-star game? 你入选全明星队的比赛了吗？He bloke the all-time record in the 100-meter run at his school.他打破了他所在的学校

100米跑的历史最高记录。

11.alley

1)Working on cars isn't up my alley.修理汽车不是我拿手的活儿。

12.alone

1)

2)I just wanna be left alone.我只是想一个人呆会儿。Can't you just leave well enough alone? 你不能少管一些闲事吗？

13.along

1)

2)You knew all along what was going on.你从一开始就知道所发生的事。Debbie doesn't get along with Steve.戴比和史蒂夫相处得不好。

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Mr.Pak came here searching for the American dream.帕克先生来到这儿寻求他的“美国梦”。Some foreigners become Americanized while living in the U.S.一些外国人在美国居住时被美国化了。Not having any job freedom would be totally unAmerican.没有选择职业的自由是完全违背美国精神传统的。Bill is an all-American quarterback.比尔是全美（橄榄球）明星赛的四分卫队员。I just can't go on the American way.我无法适应美国方式。

15.animal

1)

2)Water-skiing really brings out the animal in Tom.滑水运动真正激发出了汤姆的活力与激情。The young actor emits a lot of animal magnetism on the screen.那个年轻演员在荧幕

上充分显示出他的性魅力。

16.answer

1)I called Emi but there was no answer.我给埃米打了电话，但是没人接。

17.apple

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)Have you ever been to the Big Apple? 你去过纽约吗？Do I sense an apple of discord between you two? 你问我有没有感觉出你们两人之间的不和，是吗？Heather is the apple of my eye.希瑟是我的掌上明珠。Rita likes to keep everything in apple-pie order.丽塔喜欢把一切都弄得井井有条。Dennis has always been an apple polisher.丹尼斯一直就是一个马屁精。

18.arm

1)

2)

3)

4)You don't have to twist my arm to get me to go with you.用不着你强迫我跟你走。My father is a hopeless armchair quarterback.我爸爸是一个没救了的纸上谈兵的人。The suspects are armed and dangerous.嫌疑犯带有武器，十分危险。Every spring the park is filled with lovers walking arm in arm.每到春天公园里到处都是

手挽手散步的恋人。

19.around

1)

2)Coach Johnson has been around for 30 years.约翰逊教练已有三十年的经验了。Someone is on duty here around-the-clock.有人在这里昼夜值班。

20.as

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)

6)It looks as if someone has already been here.看起来在人来过这里了。As for me, I'm going home.至于我，我准备回家。Marty is acting as if nothing happened.马蒂表现得像什么也没发生过一样。I want this room left as is.我希望这间房子保持原样。The changes will begin taking place as of tomorrow.变动从明天开始实施。Police are baffled as to the whereabouts of the kidnappers.警察局搜寻绑架者的工作受

挫。

1)

2)

3)

4)Our gas bill average about $50 a month.我们每个月的煤气费平均50美元。On the average, I'd say we eat chicken once a week.我们平均每周吃一次鸡肉。Kent describes himself as just an average Joe.肯特视自己为一名普通的美国人。On the average day, over 100,000 kids bring guns to school in the U.S.在美国平常日

子里，有100,000个孩子带手枪去上学。

22.away

1)

2)

3)

4)

5)What makes you think you're gonna get away with this? 是什么使你认为你可以免受处罚？I wish they'd do away with these complicated tax forms.我希望他们能费除掉这些复杂的税务表格。We're planning a weekend getaway for our anniversary.我们正在为庆祝我们的纪念日而安排一次周末的外出活动。Tom wants to run away from home.汤姆想从家里出逃。Dave and Kathy are going to steal away on vacation.戴夫和凯茜计划在假期里偷偷跑出

去。

第四篇：中英文对照

AEROFLEX “亚罗弗”保温 ALCO “艾科”自控 Alerton 雅利顿空调 Alfa laval阿法拉伐换热器 ARMSTRONG “阿姆斯壮”保温 AUX 奥克斯

BELIMO 瑞士“搏力谋”阀门 BERONOR西班牙“北诺尔”电加热器 BILTUR 意大利“百得”燃烧器 BOSIC “柏诚”自控 BROAD 远大

Burnham美国“博恩汉”锅炉 CALPEDA意大利“科沛达”水泵 CARLY 法国“嘉利”制冷配件 Carrier 开利 Chigo 志高

Cipriani 意大利斯普莱力

CLIMAVENETA意大利“克莱门特” Copeland“谷轮”压缩机 CYRUS意大利”赛诺思”自控 DAIKIN 大金空调

丹佛斯自控 Dorin “多菱”压缩机

DUNHAM-BUSH 顿汉布什空调制冷 DuPont美国“杜邦”制冷剂 Dwyer 美国德威尔 EBM “依必安”风机

ELIWELL意大利“伊力威”自控 Enfinilan 英国“英菲尼兰“阀门 EVAPCO美国“益美高”冷却设备 EVERY CONTROL意大利“美控” Erie 怡日

FRASCOLD 意大利“富士豪”压缩机 FRICO瑞典“弗瑞克”空气幕 FUJI “富士”变频器

FULTON 美国“富尔顿”锅炉 GENUIN “正野”风机 GREE 格力

GREENCOOL格林柯尔 GRUNDFOS “格兰富”水泵 Haier 海尔 Hisense 海信 HITACHI 日立

霍尼韦尔自控 Johnson 江森自控 Kelon 科龙

KRUGER瑞士“科禄格”风机 KU BA德国“库宝”冷风机 Liang Chi 良机冷却塔 LIEBERT 力博特空调 MARLEY “马利”冷却塔 Maneurop法国“美优乐”压缩机 McQuary 麦克维尔 Midea 美的 MITSUBISHI三菱

Munters 瑞典“蒙特”除湿机 Panasonic 松下 RANCO “宏高”自控

REFCOMP意大利“莱富康”压缩机 RIDGID 美国“里奇”工具 RUUD美国“路德”空调 RYODEN “菱电”冷却塔 SanKen “三垦”变频器 Samsung 三星 SANYO 三洋

ASWELL英国森威尔自控 Schneider 施耐德电气 SenseAir 瑞典“森尔”传感器 SIEMENS 西门子

SINKO ",28商机网;新晃“空调 SINRO “新菱”冷却塔 STAND “思探得”加湿器 SWEP 舒瑞普换热器 TECKA “台佳”空调 Tecumseh“泰康”压缩机 TRANE 特灵

TROX德国“妥思”风阀 VASALA芬兰“维萨拉”传感器 WILO德国“威乐”水泵 WITTLER 德国”威特”阀门 YORK 约克

ZENNER德国“真兰”计量

第五篇：中英文对照

医院中英文对照

发热门诊Have Fever主治医师Doctor-in-charge 供应室Supply Room谢绝入内No entering 红灯亮时谢绝入内No entering when red light

彩超、心电图Colorful Cardiogram/ECG住院楼Inpatient Building 透析血磁EndoscopeDept.护士Nueser康复理疗科RehabilitationPhysiotherapyDept.中药计价China medical price account肛肠科Ano-proctology

皮肤、肛肠、男性科、泌尿科候诊Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Clinic 皮肤科、肛肠科、男性科、泌尿科Dermatology、Ano-proctology、male Urology Dept 中医科Traditional Chinese Medicine五官科ENT Dept.男性科、泌尿科 Male urology Dept.安全出口Exit

预防保健科Medical center for health preventionand care

后勤科、药库Logistic Room、Seore入院登记In-patient Admisson 高压氧治疗Hyperbaric Oxygehation Therapy碎石中心ESWL Center 急救中心Emergency Center挂号收费Registration

中心药房Cenreral Pharmacy内科门诊Internal Medicine Clinic会议室Meeting Room手外科Hand Surgery 产科Obstentrics Dept.骨外科Orthopedics Dept.神经、烧伤外科Neurosurgery.Plaseric surgey Dept.麻醉科Anaesthesiology手术室Operation Room 泌尿、肿瘤外科Urologic.Gumorsurgery Dept.妇科Gynecology Dept.内二科Internal Medicine.Ward 2产房及爱婴中心Delivery Room内一科Internal Medicine.Ward 1洗手间Toilet

普外、胸外科Surgey、Thoracic Surgey Dept.皮肤科Dermatology Dept.中医骨伤科Traditional Mediaine or Thopaedics餐厅Dining Room 配餐室Pantry Room后勤科Logistics Dept.电工室Electrician Room接待室Dermatology Room 内、儿科候诊 Internal medicine.Pediatrics功能检查候诊Function Exam 中医科候诊TCM Clinic放射科候诊Radiology Clinic 妇科门诊Gynecology Dept.产科候诊Obstentrics Clinic 肛肠科候诊Ano-proctology妇科候诊Gynecology Clinic 产科门诊Obstentrics Dept.五官科候诊ENT.Clinic 外科候诊Surgery Clinic输液中心Transfusion Center 皮肤、泌尿科候诊 Dermatology.Male Urology Clinic检验候诊Clinical Laborotories 家属休息Relation Rest Room口腔科门诊Stomatology Clinic 内儿科Internal Medicine.Pediaarics镜检科Endoscope Dept.外科Surgrey Dept.检验中心Laboratory Center 功能检查Function Exam Dept.登记处Registration 预防保健门诊Hygine ＆ Public Health Dept.收费处Cashier 美容科、镜检科门诊 Cosmetology Dept.Endoscope Clinic

收费健康发证Gharge lssue Bill of Health试敏观察室Scratch Espial Room