对于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色分析_句子结构[5篇范文]

第一篇：对于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色分析_句子结构

关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析_句子结构

论文导读:：这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析。论文关键词：就职演说修辞手段，宗教色彩，句子结构

总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位，其演说亦各具特色。二百多年来，从乔治.华盛顿到巴洛克.奥巴马，总统们通过就职演说表达其美好希望和英雄梦想，展示其雄才大略和施政纲领。因此，很多的就职演说词不仅仅是总统个人忠诚与热情、风度与智慧的生动写照，更是美国民族社会与历史、经济与文化的壮丽画卷，值得鉴赏和学习。

作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构，巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机，其就职演说不可避免的也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用，句子类型以及宗教特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。

一． 修辞特色 总统就职演说的主要目的是通过宣传本届政府的主要政策以唤起民众的热情，使民众认可新政府并加以支持。各类修辞手段的运用将会使得演说更加生动和具有说服力，以达到上述目的。

1.排比的运用 排比（Parallelism）是由三个或三个以上结构相同或相似、内容相关、证据一致的短语或句子排列在一起，用来加强语势强调内容，加重感

情的修辞方式。在其演说词中，奥巴马多次运用这种修辞方式，起到了吸引听众和加强效果的作用。在文中可以找到多处例句：

?On this day, we gather because …On thisday, we come to proclaim… ? For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions …For us,they toiled in sweatshops…For us, they fought and died… ?The capital was abandoned.The enemy was advancing.The snow wasstained with blood.?We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, thetime has come to set aside childish things.The time has come toreaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our betterhistory;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed onfrom generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, allare free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness.奥巴马的就职演说总共有 3055 个单词，而排比在此文中的运用超过十次，其中包括单词?、短语?、句子?甚至是段落?&?的排比。胡曙中（1983）通过对英汉排比修辞的比较指出，汉语的排比不仅强调结构上的对称，而且要求具有重复性中国论文下载中心。英语中的排比则更注重前者。例如：The time hascome to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our betterhistory;to carry forward that precious gift.这个句子运用整齐的排比句式，不仅曾强了语气，更表达了更加深刻的思想内涵，演说者的目的在于提醒民众明确当下历史时刻的严峻性和跨越眼前的重重障碍所要选择的正确道路。总之，大量排比的应用使得该就

职演说词充满激情和韵律句子结构，同时演说的中心思想得到深刻和富有逻辑的表达。

2.反复的运用 在现代英语中，反复（Repetition）通常被用来表达强烈的感受，展示压抑的情感或是强调某物的重要性（胡曙中，1993）。在奥巴马的就职演说词中，有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下：

第二篇：奥巴马就职演说词

In reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.It must be earned.Our journey has never been one of short-cuts or settling for less.It has not been the path for the faint-heartedsome celebrated but more often men and women obscure in their labor, who have carried us up the long, rugged path towards prosperity and freedom.再次肯定我们国家的伟大，我们了解伟大绝非赐予而来，必须努力达成。我们的旅程从来就不是抄捷径或很容易就满足。这条路一直都不是给 不勇敢的人走的，那些偏好逸乐胜过工作，或者只想追求名利就满足的人。恰恰相反，走这条路的始终是勇于冒险的人，做事的人，成事的人，其中有些人很出名，但更常见的是在各自岗位上的男男女女无名英雄，在这条漫长崎区的道路上支撑我们，迈向繁荣与自由。

For us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.为了我们，他们携带很少的家当，远渡重洋，追寻新生活。

For us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the West;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.为了我们，他们胼手胝足，在西部安顿下来；忍受风吹雨打，筚路蓝缕。

For us, they fought and died, in places like Concord and Gettysburg;Normandy and Khe Sanh.为了我们，他们奋斗不懈，在康科特和盖茨堡，诺曼地和溪山等地葬身。

Time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.They saw America as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.前人不断的奋斗与牺牲，直到双手皮开肉绽，我们才能享有比较好的生活。他们将美国视为大于所有个人企图心总和的整体，超越出身、财富 或小圈圈的差异。

These are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.Less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our landthey will be met.今天我要告诉各位，我们面临的挑战是真的，挑战非常严重，且不在少数。它们不是可以轻易，或在短时间内解决。但是，美国要了解，这些 挑战会被解决。

On this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.在这一天，我们聚在一起，因为我们选择希望而非恐惧，有意义的团结而非纷争和不合。

On this day, we come to proclaim an end to the petty grievances and false promises, the

recriminations and worn out dogmas, that for far too long have strangled our politics.在这一天，我们来此宣示，那些无用的抱怨和虚伪的承诺已终结，那些扭曲我们政治已久的相互指控和陈旧教条已终结。We remain a young nation, but in the words of Scripture, the time has come to set aside childish things.The time has come to reaffirm our enduring spirit;to choose our better history;to carry forward that precious gift, that noble idea, passed on from generation to generation: the God-given promise that all are equal, all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure of happiness.我们仍是个年轻的国家，但借用圣经的话，摆脱幼稚事物的时刻到来了，重申我们坚忍精神的时刻到来了，选择我们更好的历史，实践那种代 代传承的珍贵权利，那种高贵的理念：就是上帝的应许，我们每个人都是平等的，每个人都是自由的，每个人都应该有机会追求全然的幸福。

第三篇：美国总统奥巴马的就职演说词

美国总统奥巴马的就职演说词

让全世界一起分享美国的光荣与梦想

美利坚合众国第44任总统 奥巴马

美利坚合众国的各位公民：

今天，我作为一名美国普通公民站在这里，向你们宣誓，就任美利坚合众国的总统，担负起宪法规定的职权和义务。此时此刻，我像你们一样会想起另一个普通的美国公民，马丁.路德.金，令我们自豪的是，现在，肤色和种族的多样性已经成为美国的财富，人生来平等正在成为现实，我们不要对国家抱怨什么，只要对这个国家和人民有足够的热爱以及坚强的信念，谁都可以担当重任。现在，我相信你们最兴奋的不是产生了一位新的美国总统，而是沐浴在万能的上帝和这个伟大国家的光荣和梦想的圣光里。这束高洁尊贵的圣光像上帝的声音一样穿越了历史和未来，并普照在每一个美国公民的内心。如果他们愿意，我们也愿意与全世界人民一起分享这一个庄严而温暖的时刻。我想告诉他们的是，这是全世界的胜利。很多年以前，我的父辈从非洲大陆出发，带着一颗单纯的心来到美国寻找梦想。我仿佛还能看到他们走过的清晰的执着的漫长的道路。那是通往梦想的路，虽然艰苦而且并不充满诗意，但它却激励他们把非洲和美国都当成自己的祖国。上帝和我的父母选择美国作为我的出生地，美国就是我的全部。我愿意承担起宪法赋予我的一切。

自由、民主和保护人权是美国与生俱来的责任。我愿意为承担责任而奉献我的全部，因为那是我为什么要竞选美国总统的唯一理由。我的梦想是像其他美国总统一样因为保护美国和美国公民功勋卓越而名垂青史。但美国不是永远都是美好的代名词。美国不能因为是世界上最强大的国家而沾沾自喜，蒙蔽我们眼睛的不是慌言而是麻痹。面对我们知道的和无法预知的挑战，美国必须改变。现在，干扰我们梦想的不是梦想本身，而是安全、信心和对价值观的怀疑。我们所要做的一切就是让美国自信起来。我们必须像平息飓风一样平息金融危机，重建美国的金融和经济秩序，恢复美国公民对国家的信任。我们还必须改变贸易政策，使美国在与世界各国的贸易往来中获得更大利益。国家必须像保护国土安全那样竭尽所能确保能源安全。反对恐怖活动就是保护我们自己，美利坚合众国必须动用一切力量与一切邪恶战斗。但我们更热爱和平，武力不是唯一的办法。美国不要害怕付出太多而回报太少，更不能因此动摇对世界和平的信念和责任。在这里我不得不提到，我们将要从伊拉克撤出军队，这并不说明我们害怕战争，相反，那是因为我们对美国价值观坚定不移的坚持而作出的正确选择。我们还认识到，美国的命运与世界各国紧密相连，帮助和依靠我们的盟友，团结和与友好国家、组织一起努力，是解决动荡、威胁、环境、疾病、灾害和贫困等等问题的重要方法。我们的外交必须是在不断解决世界性的重大问题中体现美国的利益并体现各国平等。北大西洋公约组织对美国至关重要，扩大这个组织并使之更强大是维护世界和平、遏制霸权和独裁专制的有力震胁力量。我们要尊重并努力加强联合国的权威。因为在这个机构中，寄托着我们最美好的梦想，即使是最弱小的国家发出的声音也能让全世界听到并得到尊重，并且让它们

平等地参与世界事务。美国支持和推动联合国的有效改革，支持世界各国推行民主、自由的价值观和政策以及它们为保障人权所作的一切努力。美国是世界的，我们愿意与世界一起分享美国的光荣与梦想。当然，美国将会从人类的文明与进步中获得更大的喜悦和成功。我，奥巴马，美利坚合众国第44任总统，以上帝和《宪法》的名义向你们保证，美国是我的生命，我将全力以赴地爱她，爱她的一切！

2008年11月3日中午

第四篇：奥巴马2008就职演讲语言分析

obama inaugural speech language features 关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析_句子结构 时间：2011-06-18 08:52:51 来源：句子结构 作者：秩名

论文导读:：这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。关于奥巴马就职演说词语言特色的分析。论文关键词：就职演说修辞手段，宗教色彩，句子结构

总统大多在美国历史上占有特殊地位，其演说亦各具特色。二百多年来，从乔治.华盛顿到巴洛克.奥巴马，总统们通过就职演说表达其美好希望和英雄梦想，展示其雄才大略和施政纲领。因此，很多的就职演说词不仅仅是总统个人忠诚与热情、风度与智慧的生动写照，更是美国民族社会与历史、经济与文化的壮丽画卷，值得鉴赏和学习。

作为美国的第四十四任总统句子结构，巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际正逢全国性的经济危机，其就职演说不可避免的也会起到表达这位新晋总统的政治思想和增加公众对于政府的信心的作用。本文将从修辞手段的运用，句子类型以及宗教特色等多方面就这篇就职演说词的语言特色进行分析。

一． 修辞特色

总统就职演说的主要目的是通过宣传本届政府的主要政策以唤起民众的热情，使民众认可新政府并加以支持。各类修辞手段的运用将会使得演说更加生动和具有说服力，以达到上述目的。

1.排比的运用 ? for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions „for us,they toiled in sweatshops„for us, they fought and died„ ?the capital was abandoned.the enemy was advancing.the snow wasstained with blood.2.反复的运用

在现代英语中，反复（repetition）通常被用来表达强烈的感受，展示压抑的情感或是强调某物的重要性（胡曙中，1993）。在奥巴马的就职演说词中，有多个词如“危机”等被反复使用。具体分析如下：

通过分析上表可以看出，总统在演说中多次提到我们以及表示危机、精神和奋斗等意义的词语。通过反复的强调，使整个国家的听众感受到总统战胜危机、继续推进国家发展的决心和信心。在演说词中，较之于对“threat”的轻蔑语气，奥巴马更青睐“work”一词，这也清楚而且强烈的表达出了他对于当前国家经济状况的政治态度和决心。与其他词相比，“we”是使用次数最多的一个单词。在这一个个的我们当中，听众感受到与演说者的一种强烈的亲密联系，整个国家仿佛一个紧密团结的整体，应当共同努力、共同奋斗以及共同前行。由此，演说的目的也就达到了。3.头韵的运用

有魅力的语言是一定是充满韵律的。头韵是英语语音修辞手段之一,它蕴含了语言的音乐美和整齐美,使得语言声情交融、音义一体,具有很强的表现力和感染力.它指的是在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感（熊莉句子结构，2004）。

每种文体的写作都要考虑文字读起来是否流畅和有节奏，总统的演讲稿也不能例外。恰当的运用压头韵的修辞手段，将会是的演说词的语言抑扬顿挫、富有节奏感，从而起到感染气氛和增强效果的作用。

二．宗教特色

宗教是西方文化不可或缺的组成部分。在历次的就职演说中，总统们通常都会希望借助上帝的力量使得他们的演说更加充满吸引力和感染力。这也正是政治演说通常带有明显的宗教色彩的原因。奥巴马在他的就职演说中，多次直接引用圣经中的句子来表达其政治观点，目的在于使得本次演说更加具有说服力，鼓励民众树立对新政府迎战危机、重建更美好未来的信心。

the god-given promise that all are equal,all are free, and all deserve a chance to pursue their full measure ofhappiness.? we are a nation of christians and muslims,jews and hindus-and non-believers...’ in this sentence, the presidents standis shown by mentioning most of the main religious believes in the usa , whichwould benefit the unity of the different religious believers and the lesseningof religious conflicts.?...with eyes fixed onthe horizon and god’s grace upon us, we carried forth that great gift offreedom and delivered it safely to future generations.在就职演说的最后，奥巴马总统祈求上帝的赐福，号召民众将上帝所赋予人类的自由之权世代相传，无所畏惧迎战一切困难。三．句式结构

与日常会话、广告词和新闻报道等不同，总统就职演说在句式结构上也有独特的要求中国论文下载中心。在演讲中，陈述句居多，而一般很少使用疑问句，原因是虽然疑问句会使得演讲的语言生动，但同时也会削弱演说的严肃性句子结构，因而降低演说的信服力（熊莉，2004）。

恰当的运用祈使句可以使得演说具有极强的号召力。巴洛克.奥巴马就任之际恰逢美国身处经济危机的关键时刻，为达到鼓励民众为经济复兴而努力奋战的目的，很显然对于当前形势轻描淡写的描述肯定是不够的。在这种情况下，他的就职演说必须具备足够的吸引力和号召力，才能够挽回濒临对政府失去信任边缘的民众的心。

巴拉克.奥巴马总统是一位十分具有演说才能的总统，他的就职演说更是取得了巨大的成功。这篇就职演说无论在阐述观点还是文字修饰方面都颇具功力，具有很高的政治价值和文学价值。由于演说词庄重严肃的独特语境,虽然这篇演说是通过口头方式进行表达的,却具有较强的书面语特征。本文通过对其就职演说在修辞手法、宗教色彩和句子结构特点等语言特色方面的分析，意在指出修辞手段的熟练运用，对演说词的文体特征的准确把握以及此演说富有的浓郁的宗教色彩都使它成为英文政治演说中的成功之作,不仅具有很高的欣赏价值,而且顺利地达到了总统就职演说的政治目的。

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胡曙中，英汉修辞比较研究[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1993。

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熊莉，从就职演说词看肯尼迪演说的文体风格[j]。西南民族大学学报:人文社科版, 2004,(6)。王佐良,丁旺道。英语文体学引论[m]。北京:外语教学与研究出版社, 1987。

徐振忠，英语政治演说词的宗教色彩[j]。《现代外语》,1995,(3)。

姓名：段学雯

文章字数：3000图表：1个篇二：obamma奥巴马2008就职演说逐句翻译 my fellow citizens: 同胞们： i stand here today humbled by the task before us, grateful for the trust you have bestowed, mindful of the sacrifices borne by our ancestors.i thank president bush for his service to our nation, as well as the generosity and cooperation he has shown throughout this transition.我今天站在这里，深感面前使命的重大，深谢你们赋予的信任，并铭记我们前辈所付的代价。我感谢布什总统对国家的贡献以及他在整个过渡阶段给予的大度合作。forty-four americans have now taken the presidential oath.the words have been spoken during rising tides of prosperity and the still waters of peace.yet, every so often, the oath is taken amidst gathering clouds and raging storms.at these moments, america has carried on not simply because of the skill or vision of those in high office, but because we the people have remained faithful to the ideals of our forebearers, and true to our founding documents.至此，有四十四个美国人发出总统誓言。这些字词曾在蒸蒸日上的繁荣时期和宁静安详的和平年代诵读。但是间或，它们也响彻在阴云密布、风暴降临的时刻。美国能够历经这些时刻而勇往直前，不仅因为当政者具有才干或远见，而且也因为“我们人民”始终坚信我们先辈的理想，对我们的建国理念忠贞不渝。so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.这是过来之路。这是这一代美国的必由之路。that we are in the midst of crisis is now well understood.our nation is at war, against a far-reaching network of violence and hatred.our economy is badly weakened, a consequence of greed and irresponsibility on the part of some, but also our collective failure to make hard choices and prepare the nation for a new age.homes have been lost;jobs shed;businesses shuttered.our health care is too costly;our schools fail too many;and each day brings further evidence that the ways we use energy strengthen our adversaries and threaten our planet.我们处于危机之中，这一点已得到充分认识。我国在进行战争，打击分布广泛的暴力和仇恨势力。我们的经济严重衰弱，部分归咎于一些人的贪婪不轨，同时也因为我们作为一个整体，未能痛下决心，让国家作好面对新时代的准备。如今，住房不再，就业减少，商业破产。医疗保健费用过度昂贵；学校质量没有保障；而每一天都在不断显示，我们使用能源的方式在助长敌人的威风，威胁我们的星球.these are the indicators of crisis, subject to data and statistics.less measurable but no less profound is a sapping of confidence across our land--a nagging fear that americas decline is inevitable, and that the next generation must lower its sights.这些是危机的迹象，数据统计将予以证明。不易于衡量然而同样严重的是全国各地受动摇的信心——一种挥之不去的恐惧感，认为美国将不可避免地走下坡路，下一代人不得不放低眼光。

today i say to you that the challenges we face are real.they are serious and they are many.they will not be met easily or in a short span of time.but know this, america: they will be met.今天，我告诉大家，我们面临的挑战真实存在，并且严重而多重。它们不可能在一个短时间内被轻易征服。但是，美国，请记住这句话——它们将被征服。on this day, we gather because we have chosen hope over fear, unity of purpose over conflict and discord.我们今天聚集在这里是因为我们选择希望而不是恐惧，选择齐心协力而不是冲突对立。1 我们今天在这里宣告，让斤斤计较与虚假承诺就此结束，让窒息我国政治为时太久的相互指责和陈词滥调就此完结。我们仍是一个年轻的国家，但用圣经的话说，现在是抛弃幼稚的时侯了。现在应是我们让永恒的精神发扬光大的时侯，应是选择创造更佳历史业绩的时侯，应是将代代相传的宝贵财富、崇高理想向前发展的时侯：上帝赋予所有人平等、所有人自由和所有人充分追求幸福的机会。in reaffirming the greatness of our nation, we understand that greatness is never a given.it must be earned.our journey has never been one of shortcuts or settling for less.it has not been the path for the fainthearted--for those who prefer leisure over work, or seek only the pleasures of riches and fame.rather, it has been the risk-takers, the doers, the makers of things--some celebrated, but more often men and women obscure in their labor--who have carried us up the long, rugged path toward prosperity and freedom.在重申我们国家伟大精神的同时，我们懂得，伟大从非天生，而是必须赢得。我们的历程从来不是走捷径或退而求其次的历程。它不是弱者的道路——它不属于好逸恶劳或只图名利享受的人；这条路属于冒险者，实干家，创造者——有些人享有盛名，但大多数是默默无闻耕耘劳作的男女志士，是他们带我们走向通往繁荣和自由的漫长崎岖之路。for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.为了我们，他们打点起贫寒的行装上路，远涉重洋，追求新生活 for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.为了我们，他们在血汗工厂劳作，在西部原野拓荒，忍着鞭笞之痛在坚硬的土地上耕耘。for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg;normandy and khe sahn.为了我们，他们奔赴疆场，英勇捐躯，长眠于康科德、葛底斯堡、诺曼底和溪山。time and again, these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions;greater than all the differences of birth or wealth or faction.为了我们能够过上更好的生活，他们前赴后继，历尽艰辛，全力奉献，不辞劳苦，直至双手结起层层老茧。他们看到的美国超越了我们每一个人的雄心壮志，也超越了所有种族、财富或派系的差异。this is the journey we continue today.we remain the most prosperous, powerful nation on earth.our workers are no less productive than when this crisis began.our minds are no less inventive, our goods and services no less needed than they were last week or last month or last year.our capacity remains undiminished.but our time of standing pat, of protecting narrow interests and putting off unpleasant decisions--that time has surely passed.starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.今天，作为后来者，我们踏上了这一未竟的旅程。我们依然是地球上最繁荣、最强大的国家。我们的劳动者的创造力并没有因为眼前的这场危机而减弱。我们的头脑依然像以往那样善于发明创新。我们的产品与服务仍旧像上星期、上个月或去年一样受人欢迎。我们的能力丝毫无损。但是，维持现状、保 2 护狭隘的利益集团、推迟困难的抉择的时代无疑已成为过去。从今天起，我们必须振作起来，扫除我们身上的尘土，重新开启再造美国的事业。

无论我们把目光投向何处，都有工作在等待着我们。经济形势要求我们果敢而迅速地行动，我们将不辱使命——不仅要创造新的就业机会，而且要打下新的增长基础。我们将建造道路和桥梁，架设电网，铺设承载我们的商务和把我们紧密相连的电子通讯网络。我们将恢复尊重科学的传统，利用高新技术的超常潜力提高医疗保健质量并降低成本。我们将利用太阳能、风力和地热为车辆和工厂提供能源。我们将改造我们的中小学和高等院校，以应对新时代的挑战。这一切我们都能做到。这一切我们必将做到。现在，有人怀疑我们的雄心壮志——他们说我们的体制不能承受太多的宏伟规划。他们的记忆是短暂的，因为他们忘记了这个国家已经取得的成就，忘记了一旦共同的目标插上理想的翅膀、现实的要求鼓起勇气的风帆，自由的人民就会爆发出无穷的创造力。what the cynics fail to understand is that the ground has shifted beneath them--that the stale political arguments that have consumed us for so long no longer apply.the question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small, but whether it works--whether it helps families find jobs at a decent wage, care they can afford, a retirement that is dignified.where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.where the answer is no, programs will end.and those of us who manage the publics dollars will be held to account--to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day--because only then can we restore the vital trust between a people and their government.那些冷眼旁观的人没有认识到他们脚下的大地已经移动——那些长期以来空耗我们的精力的陈腐政治观点已经过时。我们今天提出的问题不是我们的政府太大还是太小，而是它是否行之有效——它是否能够帮助人们找到报酬合理的就业机会，是否能够为他们提供费用适度的医疗保健服务，是否能够确保他们在退休后不失尊严。如果回答是肯定的，我们就要向前推进。如果回答是否定的，计划和项目必须终止。作为公共资金的管理者，我们必须承担责任——明智地使用资金，抛弃坏习惯，在阳光下履行职责——因为只有这样我们才能恢复人民对政府的至关重要的信任。

我们提出的问题也不在于市场力量是替天行道还是为虎作伥。市场在生成财富和传播自由方面具有无与伦比的力量，但这场危机提醒我们：没有严格的监督，市场就会失控——如果一个国家仅仅施惠于富裕者，其富裕便不能持久。我们的经济成功从来不是仅仅依赖国内总产值的规模，而是还依赖繁荣的普及，即为每一位愿意致富的人提供机会的能力——不是通过施舍——因为这才是最可靠的共同富裕之路。3 至于我们的共同防御，我们决不接受安全与理念不可两全的荒谬论点。建国先贤面对我们难以想见的险恶局面，起草了一部保障法治和人权的宪章，一部子孙后代以自己的鲜血使之更加完美的宪章。今天，这些理念仍然照耀着世界，我们不会为一时之利而弃之。因此，对于今天正在观看此情此景的其他各国人民和政府──从最繁华的首都到我父亲出生的小村庄──我们希望他们了解：凡追求和平与尊严的国家以及每一位男人、妇女和儿童，美国是你们的朋友。我们已经做好准备，再一次走在前面。回顾过去，几代人在战胜法西斯主义和共产主义时依靠的不仅仅是导弹和坦克，更是牢固的联盟和不渝的信念。他们懂得单凭实力无法保护我们的安全，实力也并不赋予我们随心所欲的权利。相反，他们知道审慎使用实力会使我们更强大；我们的安全源于事业的正义性、典范的感召力、以及谦卑和克制的平衡作用 we are the keepers of this legacy.guided by these principles once more, we can meet those new threats that demand even greater effort--even greater cooperation and understanding between nations.we will begin to responsibly leave iraq to its people, and forge a hard-earned peace in afghanistan.with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat, and roll back the specter of a warming planet.we will not apologize for our way of life, nor will we waver in its defense, and for those who seek to advance their aims by inducing terror and slaughtering innocents, we say to you now that our spirit is stronger and cannot be broken;you cannot outlast us, and we will defeat you.我们是这一传统的继承者。我们只要从新以这些原则为指导，就能应对那些新威胁，为此必须付出更大的努力──推动国家间更多的合作与理解。我们将开始以负责任的方式把伊拉克移交给伊拉克人民，并在阿富汗巩固来之不易的和平。我们将与多年的朋友和昔日的对手一道不懈地努力，减轻核威胁，扭转全球变暖的厄运。我们不会在价值观念上退缩，也不会动摇捍卫它的决心，对于那些妄图以煽动恐怖和屠杀无辜的手段达到其目的的人，我们现在就告诉你们，我们的意志更加顽强、坚不可摧；你们无法拖垮我们，我们必将战胜你们。

因为我们知道，我们百衲而成的传统是一种优势，而不是劣势。我们是一个由基督教徒和穆斯林、犹太教徒和印度教徒、以及无宗教信仰者组成的国家。我们受惠于地球上四面八方每一种语言和文化的影响。由于我们饮过南北战争和种族隔离的苦水，走出了那个黑暗时代并变得更加坚强和团结，我们不能不相信昔日的仇恨终有一天会成为过去；部族之间的界线很快会消失；随着世界变得越来越小，我们共同的人性将得到彰显；美国必须为迎来一个和

平的新纪元发挥自己的作用。to the muslim world, we seek a new way forward, based on mutual interest and mutual respect.to those leaders around the globe who seek to sow conflict, or blame their societys ills on the west: know that your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy.to those who cling to power through corruption and deceit and the silencing of dissent, know that you are on the wrong side of history;but that we will extend a hand if you are willing to unclench your fist.to the people of poor nations, we pledge to work alongside you to make your farms flourish and let clean waters flow;to nourish starved bodies and feed hungry minds.and to those nations like ours that enjoy relative plenty, we say we can no longer afford indifference to suffering outside our borders;nor can we consume the worlds resources without regard to effect.for the world has changed, and we must change with it.对于贫困国家的人民，我们保证同你们并肩努力，为你们的农田带来丰收，让清洁的用水取之不竭；使饥饿的身体得以饱食，使饥渴的心灵受到滋润。对于那些象我们一样比较富裕的国家，我们要说我们再不能对他人的苦难无动于衷，也再不能肆意消耗世界的资源。世界已经改变，我们必须与时俱进。as we consider the road that unfolds before us, we remember with humble gratitude those brave americans who, at this very hour, patrol far-off deserts and distant mountains.they have something to tell us today, just as the fallen heroes who lie in arlington whisper through the ages.we honor them not only because they are guardians of our liberty, but because they embody the spirit of service;a willingness to find meaning in something greater than themselves.and yet, at this moment--a moment that will define a generation--it is precisely this spirit that must inhabit us all.在思索我们面前的道路时，我们怀着崇敬的心情感谢此刻正在偏远的沙漠和山区巡逻的英勇无畏的美国人。他们向我们述说着什么，正如在阿灵顿(arlington)公墓长眠的阵亡英雄在漫漫岁月中低浅的吟诵。我们崇敬他们，不仅因为他们捍卫着我们的自由，而且因为他们代表着献身精神，体现了超越个人，寻求远大理想的意愿。然而，在这个时刻，这个具有划时代意义的时刻，我们大家必须具备的正是这种精神。for as much as government can do and must do, it is ultimately the faith and determination of the american people upon which this nation relies.it is the kindness to take in a stranger when the levees break, the selflessness of workers who would rather cut their hours than see a friend lose their job which sees us through our darkest hours.it is the firefighters courage to storm a stairway filled with smoke, but also a parents willingness to nurture a child, that finally decides our fate.虽然政府能有许多作为也必须有许多作为，但最终离不开美国人民的信仰和决心，这便是我国的立国之本。正是因为人们在大堤崩裂时接纳陌生人的关爱之情，正是因为工人们宁愿减少自己的工时而不愿看到朋友失去工作的无私精神，才使我们度过了最暗淡的时光。正是因为消防队员们有勇气冲进浓烟滚滚的楼道，也正是因为做父母的希望培养一个孩子，我们才能决定最后的命运。our challenges may be new.the instruments with which we meet them may be new.but those values upon which our success depends--hard work and honesty, courage and fair play, tolerance and curiosity, loyalty and patriotism--these things are old.these things are true.they have been the quiet force of progress throughout our history.what is demanded then is a return to these truths.what is required of us now is a new era of responsibility--a recognition, on the part of every american, that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and the world;duties that we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly, firm in the knowledge that there is nothing so satisfying to the spirit, so defining of our character, than giving our all to a difficult task.5篇三：2008奥巴马就职演讲 hello, chicago.if there is anyone out there who still doubts that america is aplace where all things are possible, who still wonders if the dreamof our founders is alive in our time, who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is youranswer.美国是一个一切皆有可能的地方，如果还有人对这一点心存怀疑，如果还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们时代是否还有活力，还有人怀疑我们民主制度的力量，那么，你们今晚正是对那些疑问作出了回答。it’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation hasnever seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives,because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference.在学校和教堂周围所出现的前所未有的长队是答案，这个国家从未见过这么多的人前来投票，人们排三个、四个小时的队来进行有生以来的第一次投票，因为他们相信这一次将会不同，他们发出的声音可能就是那个差别。it’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, democrat and republican, black, white,hispanic, asian, native american, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled.americans who sent amessage to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of redstates and blue states.这是一个年轻人和年老人、富人和穷人、民主党人和共和党人、黑人、白人、西班牙裔人、亚裔、印第安人、同性恋和异性恋、残障人士和健全人士所作出的回答。美国人向世界发出一个信息：我们从不只是一些个人的累加或者“红色州”和“蓝色州”的累加。we are, and always will be, the united states of america.我们是，并且永远是美利坚合众国。it’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful anddoubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once moretoward the hope of a better day.这是一个引导人们的答案，太多的人在很长的时间内给他们说这个答案，以至于他们对此持愤世疾俗的态度，对我们是否可以再一次把握历史的希望感到担心和怀疑。

已经过去了很长时间，但是今晚，由于我们今天在这场选举所采取的行动，在这个决定性的时候，变革来到了美国。a little bit earlier this evening, i received an extraordinarily gracious call from sen.mccain.今晚早些时候，我接到来自参议员麦凯恩的一个极具风度的电话。sen.mccain fought long and hard in this campaign.and he’s fought even longer and harder for thecountry that he loves.he has endured sacrifices for america that most of us cannot begin to imagine.we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader.麦凯恩在这场选战中进行了长期和艰苦的努力，他为这个他所爱的国家战斗了更长的时间，作出了更艰苦的努力。他为美国承受了我们中的大多数人无法想像的牺牲。由于这位勇敢和无私领导人的服务，我们的生活变得更好。i congratulate him;i congratulate gov.palin for all that they’ve achieved.and i look forward toworking with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.我向他表示祝贺，我向佩林州长表示祝贺，向他们所取得的成果表示祝贺，我盼望与他们共事以继续这个国家在未来岁月的承诺。i want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart, and spoke for themen and women he grew up with on the streets of scranton and rode with on the train home todelaware, the vice president-elect of the united states, joe biden.我想感谢我在竞选旅程的伙伴，一位用心竞选的男士，一位为和他一起在斯克兰顿街头一同长大的男人和女子代言、经常坐火车回特拉华州的男士，美国当选副总统拜登。and i would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last16 years the rock of our family, the love of my life, the nation’s next first lady michelle obama.如果没有我过去16年最好的朋友、我们家庭的中坚、我生命中的挚爱，我今天晚上不可能站在这里，美国下一位第一夫人米歇尔·奥巴马。

萨沙和马莉娅，我爱你们，我对你们的爱超出了你们的想象。你们已赢得了新的宠物狗，它将和我们一起前往新的白宫。and while she’s no longer with us, i know my grandmother’s watching, along with the family thatmade me who i am.i miss them tonight.i know that my debt to them is beyond measure.尽管她没能和我们在一起，但我知道，我的祖母和养大我的家人在看着我，我今晚很想念他们，我知道我欠他们的东西是无法计量的。to my sister maya, my sister alma, all my other brothers and sisters, thank you so much for all thesupport that you’ve given me.i am grateful to them.我的妹妹马娅、我的姐姐奥玛，我其他的兄弟和姐妹，非常感谢你们对我的支持，我感谢他们。and to my campaign manager, david plouffe, the unsung hero of this campaign, who built the best——the best political campaign, i think, in the history of the united states of america.我的竞选经理大卫·普劳夫，这位竞选活动的无名英雄，他进行了最好的政治竞选活动，我认为这是美国历史上最棒的。to my chief strategist david axelrod who’s been a partner with me every step of the way.to thebest campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics you made this happen, and i am forevergrateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.我的首席策略师大卫·艾克斯罗德，他一直是追随我的伙伴。你们组建了政治史上最好的竞选团队，是你们成就了今天，我永远感谢你们为此所作出的牺牲。but above all, i will never forget who this victory truly belongs to.it belongs to you.it belongs toyou.但最重要的是，我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正属于谁，它属于你们，它属于你们。i was never the likeliest candidate for this office.we didn’t start with much money or manyendorsements.our campaign was not hatched in the halls of washington.it began in the backyardsof des moines and the living rooms of concord and the front porches of charleston.it was built byworking men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give $5 and $10 and $20 tothe cause.我从来不是最有可能获得这一职务的候选人。我们刚开始并没有太多资金，也没有得到许多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非始自华盛顿的大厅里，而是始于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。那些辛勤工作的人们从自己微薄的储蓄中捐出5美元、10美元、20美元。it grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy who lefttheir homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep.竞选活动因为年轻人的支持而越来越有声势，他们拒绝了他们那一代对政治不感兴趣的神话，他们离开家，从事那些薪水少而且辛苦的工作。it drew strength from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat toknock on doors of perfect strangers, and from the millions of americans who volunteered andorganized and proved that more than two centuries later a government of the people, by the people,and for the people has not perished from the earth.竞选活动的声势也来自那些已不再年轻的人们，他们冒着严寒酷暑，敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传；竞选声势也源自数百万的美国民众，他们充当志愿者和组织者，他们证明了在两百多年以后，民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。this is your victory.这是你们的胜利。and i know you didn’t do this just to win an election.and i know you didn’t do it for me.you didit because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead.for even as we celebrate tonight,we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime —— two wars, aplanet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century.我知道你们的所做的一切并不只是为了赢得选举，我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白前面的任务有多么艰巨。即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝，我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最艰难的挑战——两场战争、一个面临危险的星球，一个世纪以来最严重的金融危机。even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave americans waking up in the deserts of iraqand the mountains of afghanistan to risk their lives for us.there are mothers and fathers who will lieawake after the children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage or pay their doctors’bills or save enough for their child’s college education.就在我们今晚站在这里的时刻，我们知道勇敢的美国士兵在伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中醒来，他们冒着生命危险来保护着我们的生命。仍有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母，他们担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱让孩子上大学。there’s new energy to harness, new jobs to be created, new schools to build, and threats to meet,alliances to repair.我们需要开发新的能源、创造新的工作岗位，我们需要修建新学校，应对众多威胁、修复与许多国家的盟友关系。the road ahead will be long.our climb will be steep.we may not get there in one year or even inone term.but, america, i have never been more hopeful than i am tonight that we will get there.前方的道路将很漫长，我们攀登的脚步会很艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一个任期内实现这些目标，但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望，我们将实现我们的目标。i promise you, we as a people will get there.我向你们承诺——我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。there will be setbacks and false starts.there are many who won’t agree with every decision orpolicy i make as president.and we know the government can’t solve every problem.我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的起步。我作为总统所做的每项决定或政策，会有许多人持有异议，我们也知道，政府不能解决所有问题。but i will always be honest with you about the challenges we face.i will listen to you, especiallywhen we disagree.and, above all, i will ask you to join in the work of remaking this nation, the onlyway it’s been done in america for 221 years —— block by block, brick by brick, calloused handby calloused hand.但我将总是会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会听取你们的意见，尤其是存在不同意见的时候。最重要的是，我会请求你们参与重建这个国家，以美国221年来从未改变的唯一方式——一砖一瓦、同心协力。what began 21 months ago in the depths of winter cannot end on this autumn night.this victoryalone is not the change we seek.it is only the chance for us to make that change.and that cannothappen if we go back to the way things were.21个月前在寒冬所开始的一切不应当在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变——这只是我们进行改变的机会。如果我们仍然按照过去的方式行事，我们所寻求的改变将不会发生。it can’t happen without you, without a new spirit of service, a new spirit of sacrifice.没有你们，没有服务和牺牲的新精神，就不可能发生改变。so let us summon a new spirit of patriotism, of responsibility, where each of us resolves to pitch inand work harder and look after not only ourselves but each other.let us remember that, if thisfinancial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving wall street while main streetsuffers.因此，让我们发扬新的爱国和负责精神，所有的人都下定决心参与其中，更加努力地工作，不仅是为自己而是为彼此。让我们记住这一点，如果说这场金融危机教会了我们什么东西的话，那就是我们不可能在金融以外的领域处于困境的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街。in this country, we rise or fall as one nation, as one people.let’s resist the temptation to fall back onthe same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long.在这个国家，我们患难与共。让我们抵制重走老路的诱惑，避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争、小题大作、不成熟的表现。let’s remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the republican partyto the white house, a party founded on the values of self-reliance and individual liberty and nationalunity.让我们记住，是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的旗帜扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自立、个人自由以及国家团结的价值观之上的。those are values that we all share.and while the democratic party has won a great victory tonight,we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back ourprogress.这也是我们所有人共同的价值观。虽然民主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利，但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。as lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, we are not enemies but friends.thoughpassion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection.篇四：奥巴马就职演说的语言艺术分析

一、演说与修辞时下英语界一般将英语文体（或称语体）分为口头体和书面体两大类。但实践证明，这样的划分失之粗率。其弊病在于名实难符：口头体并不仅限于口语形式，而书面体也不仅限于书面形式。譬如，正式场合的演讲、报告，以及官方的谈话所用的文体就不能划入口语体，而应属于书面体。

演说活动自古以来就是人类社会的一项重要活动。演讲者通过宣传某种思想，让听众理解和接受自己的观点和主张，进而号召听众采取一致的行动。演讲者要达到预想的演讲效果必须研究演说词的语言表达艺术。演说词的修辞手法是演讲者最主要的语言技巧。修辞是从表达方式，表达效果的角度去研究语音、词汇、语法的运用。

美国总统的就职演说是一种在特定场合下的演说。现场听众可达百万之众，并且向国内外进行现场直播。美国民众及世界各国总是对新总统有着无限期待，总统的就职演说可谓是新政府向民众交出的第一份答卷。总统要在就职演说中抒发自己的治国理想，分析国家面临的困难和挑战，宣布自己的施政纲领以及如何实现民众的希望。各大媒体的调查表明，大多数美国民众对奥巴马的就职演说感到满意和非常满意。本文拟从语音、词汇和句法三个方面的修辞手段的使用情况对奥巴马的就职演说进行文体分析，探讨这篇演说词的语言艺术。

二、奥巴马演说词的修辞手段 1.音韵修辞格（1）头韵（alliteration）是语音修辞手段之一。它是指两个以上紧邻单词首音（通常是辅音）相同。头韵的修辞作用是增强语言的节奏感，使语言产生音乐般的美感。头韵多用于诗歌和散文中，但人们也经常在演讲中运用头韵来增加语言的美感，加深听众的印象。同样尾韵（end rhyme）也有类似的修辞作用。

奥巴马就职演说中运用头韵的句子有： 1）with old friends and former foes, we will work tirelessly to lessen the nuclear threat?（对于老朋友和老对手，我们将不遗余力地继续削弱核威胁?）2）we are shaped by every language and culture, drawn from every end of this earth.（我们民族的成长受到许多语言和文化的影响，我们吸取了这个地球上任何一个角落的有益成分.）

运用尾韵的句子有： 1）homes have been lost;jobs shed;business shuttered.（我们的人民正失去家园，失去工作，企业要倒闭。）2）rather, it has been the risk–takers, the doers, the makers of things...(确实，这条路是勇于承担风险者之路，是实干家、创造者之路...）朗读上述句子，可以体会到使用头韵和尾韵给语言带来的节奏和韵律。2.词汇修辞格

在英语词汇中含有六个字母以上或三个音节以上的词通常被看成是大词。这些词往往来自于拉丁语，希腊语或法语，或者有着复杂的内部结构。大词在正式的书面体中出现频率较多。

在奥巴马的就职演说词中，总词汇量为2393个，其中六个字母以上的单词就有643个，占总数的26.8%，稍低于美国总统就职演说词中六个字母以上词的平均含词量：27.7%。从这一数据来看，奥氏的就职演说与往届的美国总统的就职演说一样，具有很明显的口语体特征。演讲者往往使用形容词来对某些言行进行绘声绘色的描述，以此表达自己的主观倾向，渲染感情色彩。在奥氏就职演说中有形容词137个，占总词数的5.7%，与小布什就职演说的5.6%相近，但远远少于美国总统就职演说词中形容词的平均含词量：7.4%。

在演说中大量使用第一人称复数是许多演讲者常用的语言技巧，目的是将听众拉到演讲者一边，将演讲者和听众放到同一立场上，让听众感受到“我们是相同”的认同感。奥氏在就职演说中使用“我们（we）”有55次，其变体“our”有61次，“us”有21次，三项合计有137次，而奥氏演讲全文中有129句，另加101 个从句和25个并列句，几乎是一开口必称“我们”。美国总统的就职演说为了使语言表达更为准确、具体、鲜明、生动、有力，常常会使用明喻、隐喻、拟人、夸张、借代等词汇修辞格帮助听众加深对事物的理解，加强演讲的现场气氛，提高演讲效果。

以下是奥巴马在就职演说中的使用情况。

（1）明喻（simile）：用另一种事物比喻所要说明的事物，达到更形象、更深刻说明事物的目的，通常用like或as连接。1）for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khe sanh.（为了我们，他们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡、诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。）2）they saw america as bigger than the sum of our individual ambitions.（在他们看来，美国的强盛要比个人的雄心壮志重大得多.)（2）隐喻（metaphor）：不用like或as的隐藏的比喻。1）our journey has never been one of shortcuts or setting for less.(我们的民族之旅从未有过捷径或者妥协。)2）starting today, we must pick ourselves up, dust ourselves off, and begin again the work of remaking america.(从今天开始，我们必须跌倒后自己爬起来，拍拍身上的泥土，然后重新开始工作，重塑美国。)（3）拟人（personification）：把事、物、观念拟作人，赋予它们以人的思想、感情与行为方式。

2）in the year of america’s birth?(在美国诞生的年代?)（4）夸张（hyperbole）：在真实的基础上有意言过其实以更好地反映事物的本质。

1）time and again these men and women struggled and sacrificed and worked till their hands were raw so that we might live a better life.（一次又一次，我们的先辈们奋斗着、牺牲着、操劳着，直至磨破双手，只是为了我们可以生活得更好。）2）the snow was stained with blood.(冬天的雪被鲜血染成了红色。)（5）借代或称转喻（metonymy）：不相类似的甲乙之间有着不可分离的关系，利用这种关系以乙事物的名称来代替甲事物。1）those of us who manage the public’s dollars will be held to account——to spend wisely, reform bad habits, and do our business in the light of day.(掌管纳税人税金的人应当承担起责任，合理支出，摒弃陋习，在阳光下做事。用“阳光”代表“公开”、“透明”。)3.句法修辞格

句法修辞格是通过对句子结构的特定安排达到特别的修辞效果。

比如奥巴马在其就职演说中使用了下列句法修辞手段：

（1）排比（parallelism）：由三项或以上的词语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意义相关，语气连贯。1）our nation is at war,?our economy is badly weakened,?our health care is too costly.（我们的国家正处在战争状态?我们的国家经济也受到严重的削弱，?我们的社会医疗过于昂贵。）2）for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and travelled across oceans in search of anew life.for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.for us, th ey fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normandy and khesanh.(为了我们，先辈们带着微薄的家当，横渡大洋，寻找新生活；为了我们，先辈们在血汗工厂劳作，忍受皮鞭的抽打；为了我们，先辈们定居西部，在荒芜的土地辛勤耕作；为了我们，先辈们奔赴像康科德城和葛底斯堡，诺曼底和克山这样的地方去征战并且牺牲。)（2）反复（repetition）：不止一次地使用同一词语或句子。与排比的区别在于，反复着重于词语，排比着重于结构。1）so it has been.so it must be with this generation of americans.(前辈们如此。我们这一代美国人也要如此。)2）?these things are old.these things are true.(?这些东西历久弥新。这些东西真实可靠。)（3）对偶（antithesis）：工整匀称的并列结构，常把字数、结构相同或相近，意义彼此相关的两个词或并列结构对称地排列在一起，是表示对比关系的有效手段。1）where the answer is yes, we intend to move forward.where the answer is no, program will end.（哪个方案的答案是肯定的，我们就推进哪个方案。哪个方案的答案是否定的，我们就选择终止。）（4）倒装（inversion）：谓语置于主语之前，词序不同于正常语序的语法修辞手段，达到强调句子中某一成分的目的。1）they understood that our power alone cannot protect us, nor does it entitle us to do as we please（.他们明白单凭自己的力量我们无法保护自己，也无权做到随心所欲。）篇五：奥巴马就职演讲

奥巴马演讲分析

——排比在英语演讲中的修辞作用

美国大选前许多人都评价：奥巴马的政见并不新颖甚至有点平庸；拥有的个人财富只有对手的几十分之一；相貌远逊于前辈肯尼迪和克林顿，而且还是非美国本土的外来黑哥......奥巴马唯一让人嫉妒的是他拥有最能鼓动人心的好口才，这是上帝给他最好的礼物和恩赐！不可否认，他超凡脱俗的演讲，为他竞选赢得胜利起到了至关重要的作用。奥巴马的演讲，无论是文稿的整体布局，还是演讲言辞的融情达意，或是激情澎湃的演讲表达，都可谓精深独到，不得不令人拍手称快。．据cnn报道。，有语言学家称，“总统当选人巴拉克·奥巴马当晚发表的获胜演说可与很多史上著名演讲相比．”奥巴马称得上是一位杰出的演说家，在多次演讲中，他都娴熟地运用了各种修辞技巧，可以说，“奥巴马的胜利是修辞学的胜利”(梁文道，2008)．其中，排比在奥巴马演讲中效果最为突出。鉴于排比在英语演讲中的重要性，我们试图以美国新当选总统奥巴马的获胜演讲为例，来探讨排比在这篇演讲中的修辞效果．本研究目的在于给英语演讲和修辞教学一些启示．同时也让学者通过领悟奥巴马的演讲技艺，学习、借鉴，来提高自身的演讲水平。

一，排比概念及其作用

“排比”在英语中的对应词为parallelism，是指为了达到修辞效果而循环出现的、句法相似的结构—“recurrent syntactical similarities introduced for rhetorical effect“(websters new collegiate dictionary,1977；831)．英语排比具有结构整齐，节奏鲜明，语言简练等特点．在英语演讲中运用排比旬，可以增加演讲词的节奏感和音韵美，突出演讲者雄辩口才和强烈感情，增强演讲语言的气势，提高演讲的说服力和欣赏性．

二，奥巴马获胜演讲个案排比分析

奥巴马于2008年11月4日当选为美国总统。并于当晚发表了获胜演讲．这次演讲富有很强的号召力和感染力，唤起了民众战胜金融危机的信心和勇气。现场的无数观众被感动得热泪盈眶．奥巴马在他的获胜演讲中熟练地运用了一系列的修辞方法，如捧比，对比，反复，对仗，引用等，其中排比的使用次数最多．下面我们就以排比结构在奥巴马获胜演讲(barak obama’s victory speech)中的置,选取了四个代表性的例子，来讨论其修辞效果。

（一）从句开头的排比 if there is anyone out there who still doubts that america is a place where all things are possible，who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time，who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.这三个排比组合句是奥巴马获胜演讲的开场白。奥巴，美国民主制度的力量”的质疑．通过这三个排比旬，奥巴马言简意赅地表达了他获胜的意义：显示出“美国梦”的独特性和普遍价值，显示出他的能马用自己胜选的事实回答了某些人对“美国是否凡事都有可能，美国奠基者的梦想是否依然鲜活力，肯定了美国是一切皆有可能的地方，肯定他的获胜是对美国政治文化传统的继承而不是背离．开场耐人寻味的排比，便已打开了选民们的心声以及继续听下去的欲望。

（二）排比结构用在段首 it’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen；by people who waited three hours and four hour...it’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, democrat and republican，black，white, hispanic，asian，native american, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled...it’s the answer that led those who have been told...to put their hands off the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day．

首先，在前两个位于段首的排比句群中，奥巴马强调他是“设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队”，是“等了三四个小时的选民”，是“所有美国人民”共同选举出来的总统。他重申了自己当选总统是合法的，是由美国人民通过民主方式选举出来的．第三个排比句群在意义上是对前两个排比句群的总结和升华。奥巴马呼吁美国人民要对美国的未来有信心，同时暗示作为新一任的总统，他会继承美国的历史传统，让“美国梦”延续。这三个排比句群的使用，增强了演讲的气势，有力地回击了那些对奥巴马获胜原因存在质疑的人，同时向听众做出了有力的保证，调动了听众的积极性，激发了听众的自信心．

（三）介词短语的排比

（四）句型结构的排比 for us, they packed up their few worldly possessions and traveled across oceans in search of a new life.for us, they toiled in sweatshops and settled the west;endured the lash of the whip and plowed the hard earth.for us, they fought and died, in places like concord and gettysburg, normand and khe sahn.奥巴马在该语段中抚今追昔，以排比的结构，按时间的顺序回顾了影响美国历史进程的重大事件：建国之前的跨洋移民，建国之后的西进运动，独立战争，南北战争，第二次世界大战等等，以此鼓励美国公民勇敢地面对金融危机给当今美国经济带来的种种困难的挑战。该段重复了主谓句式结构，“for us” 和主语“they”，这种排比句式不仅使得上下文的意义紧密连接，衔接自然，同时也会是语篇的整体意义在听众的头脑中留下深刻的印象，使听众与奥巴马产生共鸣。

（五）段尾的排比

and tonight,...she’s seen...the heartache and the hope；the struggle and the progress...yes we can． at a time...she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot.yes we can． when the bombs...she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved.yes we can． she was there.yes we can． a man...and this year, in this election..., she knows how america can change.yes we can．

在这里奥巴马以一个106岁的老妇人参加投票为例，运用了一系列的排比来烘托现场气氛，具有很强的说服力和感染力。连续4个“她看到了···”(she’s seen，she lived to see，she saw, she was there to witness)和6个“是的，我们能”(yes we can)，强调美国能达成正义和平等，能获得机遇和繁荣能治愈这个国家，能补救这个世界，强调美国能发生变革!这种以具体的人物、事例和具体的生活场景为主体构成的排比语段，真正达到了提高语言表现力的目。这几段出现在演讲末尾的排比具有排山倒海的气势，具有强大的煽动性，把整个演讲再次推向了高潮。

在整个获胜演讲当中，通过捧比，奥巴马将有魅力的句子集中，演讲节奏分明，气氛被一次次的推向的高潮，演讲大为增色。这些排比的运用，创造了演讲中的个个亮点，气势磅礴，使听众的情感受到一次次的震。． 三 结语 演讲是一门劝说的艺术。演讲者要达到劝说的目的，就必须讲究演讲词的语言表达技巧，这种技巧在语言层面的体现之一就是修辞手法的运用。排比是英语演讲中最常见的修辞手法。国内学者对于排比的修辞效果给予了充分的肯定。“排比是英语所有修辞格中最常使用的修辞格之一。

第五篇：2013奥巴马就职演说词(文言文版)V1.20

2013奥巴马就职演说词（文言文版）

惟夫吾侪众聚，成祚命之礼，咸睹宪法刚严，习践民主之诺也。是故申之曰：国之所立，庶非肤色，抑所皈依，遑论宗嗣。为美利坚而以别他者，二百年之宣言也：

大道显然，曰：生民平等，其命授于天者，全其身，张其志，谋其祉也，讵可擅夺。

而今吾辈继前贤之迹，行宣言之教于当世。维虑道显而不自达，虽由天赐，孰言易与，非奋搏之不可得也。创国之初，赤心报国之士，非举权贵勋旧享国祚，而缔以共和，明其宗曰：民有、民治、民享。后，子孙秉承法理，道统不绝。

斯历两百余载，无有逾矩也。

鞭笞割锐，血衅刑施，而后知自由平等之国，不可蓄奴兼行焉。终浴火涅槃，振翅翱宇。

其所政者，路路以利商贾，以便行者，庠序以育贤达，以巧百工。其所知者，法布周备，陟罚无偏，使胜心不坠，商所以兴也。其所识者，冀国之治也，必思其民，使老弱得扶，危难有庇。

虽然，吾辈未尝稍弃权集庙堂之忧也。是故，不惟庙堂，持以本心，尚巧思，崇商道，惟勤勉以任事。

与时俱进，卿所周知矣。持道以诚，虽事发百端，以百法合之，可也。夫举众志以全自由。使国民独临世险，无异执拙钝而抗强暴也。一人难治百科以教孺子，匹夫奚兴万业以振家邦。当此时者，尤冀万民同舟共济，无作壁上观。

吾辈临危履难，心愈毅而志愈坚。今十载狼烟且熄，经济行转时序。当世寰宇为一，而国具其质, 是善兆焉：海纳百川，君子乾乾。有临危决断之勇力，鼎新展翼之赋禀。我曹所以生者，为此时也，啐啄同机，时不可逝哉。

国人知之，国之治也，不可寡富而众贫。国之所昌，决于恒产者也，决于乐其业者也，决于躬作而脱贫者也。使一寒门女弱，亦可致富贵，而无独别于他者，其享自由平等，非惟识于天，抑亦识于万民，方可谓不违立国之道也。庙堂陈筹，不合时宜，众所知矣。故须开新风，行新策，更税法，革学弊。予民新技，以利其勤勉，多其学识，以达博远。虽辟径而行，其的如一。褒坚毅励行之士，乃当务之急也，亦国兴之本欤！

安保其身，尊明其人，生民须得以有也，此我国人犹笃信之。降医保，削赤字，虽两难而必权取之！老老幼幼，并行兼施，前车不远，殷鉴犹在：老暮困顿，残疾幼稚哀于寒家，固非所期也。自由非以幸至，福泽岂可寡分。吾知殚精竭虑，亦有不足恃，困苦疾难，日或加身。惟以医保社保，扶危济困，诺若磐如，使民无后顾之忧，慵懒不生，而奋其勇也。如此，国可兴矣。

吾曹之诺，岂徒谋己哉？犹为子孙谋也。气候危征，须以应之，勿使贻祸后世。或以科学判析，未足信孚。抑观夫狂火噬野，酷旱焦然，飓风愈烈，苟无所动焉？固知时艰不易，讵能涸泽而渔？世事日新，旧不宜循，务以导之。可使民有新业，国掌枢机，岂能委之他邦哉。至如田、林、山、水，国之大宝，是以足民本，增仓禀之途也。斯安世之道，天降其任，亦为先贤故理之新诠也。

至若非兴干戈无以图和平者，吾不信也。我百炼精钢之师，威名无二。缅先烈之牺牲，怜自由之不易。战事不忘，惕之不懈。亦不辍干戈化玉帛者也。斯以为训，冀使昭彰。

缮甲兵以护国卫道，筹纵横而旌显智勇。其不知危耶？行伐谋之道而怖惧不生也。匡盟天下以为制，应莫测不虞之变。吾国称雄寰球，而亟求和平，非他邦可及也。亚、非、拉、中东，吾援以民主之道，予自由于其人，此利与义俱促焉。兼以广善博施，敬而不辱，正而不倚，宽而不苛，运而不专，非惟善念之所驱，抑亦仁政之大同也。

人皆生而平等，天下之达道也。譬如北辰，引航而进，识之不歧。或曰：不可孤行焉。金言：自由不专于一人，惟天下人与之共哉！

吾侪承先贤创业之志，力使生民平等。苟有母亲妻女酬不符劳者，吾侪之业未竟；苟有磨镜留桃有不齿乎正色者，吾侪之业未竟；苟有遗天下之民跂望数时，不可得而投其票者，吾侪之业未竟；此有良禽，奋信希远，视我为嘉木，迎之不恭，吾侪之业未竟；此有生员、匠作，巧技聪哲，未获采纳而逐之域外，吾侪之业未竟；自底特律至阿巴拉契亚，至纽顿，使孺子未蒙幼幼，不得安护，吾侪之业未竟也。全其身，张其志，谋其祉，此大矣哉！何以赋此予我国民？曰：此吾侪之责也。未必诸事求同，解悟自由如是，求取福祉亦如是。欲国之治，岂可废百年政府因用之辩？时我待者，惟行而已。

当断则断，莫承其患。孤刚非毅也，媚众不足以为政也，相攻互讦非辩之道也。或问：然则如何？曰：且行之矣，何求尽善尽宜哉？且行之，何求毕功于一役哉？光费城大道者，惟薪火是承，四、十、百年后，其未可知也。

今我誓于此者，非为党为私，是誓于上天与国耳，其与国会山先贤无异。今幸暂摄大位，必谨守我誓。此誓与兵甲受命之誓无异，与移民践梦之誓无异，与星条旗下，我辈壮怀激烈之誓无异也。

此夫国民之心声，我辈之大冀也。曰： 吾之国民，有共谋国是之权。

吾之国民，有震当世大音之责。其何以恃？曰：选票与卫道之呼鸣也。吾之权利，生与之俱。庄穆以待，乐极而欢，意气奋发，戮力同心。虽后世不可知，必以自由也。薪火不灭，不负青史铁笔。

唯唯，愿神佑诸君，神佑美利坚。

【文言版翻译者按：本文的文言翻译，是集体创作的结果。朽木先生拿到中文版后，即在“古文、文言文创作”（79567218）Q群中倡议翻译为文言，由于文字较多，大家分工参与。其中，朽木承担了一大半的翻译工作，又以文普、云中子为辅，完成了初稿翻译。文字先后经过斐士、翰墨、朽木、文普的多轮校对，群中很多网友人提出大量中肯的修改意见，最后由文普综合整理、统一风格汇集成篇。由于时间仓促，又限于群友们的业余水平，错漏之处在所难免，若发现谬误，欢迎批评指正。PS：转载请保留本段文字。以上翻译版本为V1.20。】

英文版

MR.OBAMA: Thank you.Thank you so much.Vice President Biden, Mr.Chief Justice, Members of the United States Congress, distinguished guests, and fellow citizens: Each time we gather to inaugurate a president, we bear witness to the enduring strength of our Constitution.We affirm the promise of our democracy.We recall that what binds this nation together is not the colors of our skin or the tenets of our faith or the origins of our names.What makes us exceptional – what makes us American – is our allegiance to an idea, articulated in a declaration made more than two centuries ago: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”

Today we continue a never-ending journey, to bridge the meaning of those words with the realities of our time.For history tells us that while these truths may be self-evident, they have never been self-executing;that while freedom is a gift from God, it must be secured by His people here on Earth.The patriots of 1776 did not fight to replace the tyranny of a king with the privileges of a few or the rule of a mob.They gave to us a Republic, a government of, and by, and for the people, entrusting each generation to keep safe our founding creed.For more than two hundred years, we have.Through blood drawn by lash and blood drawn by sword, we learned that no union founded on the principles of liberty and equality could survive half-slave and half-free.We made ourselves anew, and vowed to move forward together.Together, we determined that a modern economy requires railroads and highways to speed travel and commerce;schools and colleges to train our workers。

Together, we discovered that a free market only thrives when there are rules to ensure competition and fair play.Together, we resolved that a great nation must care for the vulnerable, and protect its people from life’s worst hazards and misfortune.Through it all, we have never relinquished our skepticism of central authority, nor have we succumbed to the fiction that all society’s ills can be cured through government alone.Our celebration of initiative and enterprise;our insistence on hard work and personal responsibility, these are constants in our character.But we have always understood that when times change, so must we;that fidelity to our founding principles requires new responses to new challenges;that preserving our individual freedoms ultimately requires collective action.For the American people can no more meet the demands of today’s world by acting alone than American soldiers could have met the forces of fascism or communism with muskets and militias.No single person can train all the math and science teachers we’ll need to equip our children for the future, or build the roads and networks and research labs that will bring new jobs and businesses to our shores.Now, more than ever, we must do these things together, as one nation, and one people.This generation of Americans has been tested by crises that steeled our resolve and proved our resilience.A decade of war is now ending.An economic recovery has begun.America’s possibilities are limitless, for we possess all the qualities that this world without boundaries demands: youth and drive;diversity and openness;an endless capacity for risk and a gift for reinvention.My fellow Americans, we are made for this moment, and we will seize it – so long as we seize it together.For we, the people, understand that our country cannot succeed when a shrinking few do very well and a growing many barely make it.We believe that America’s prosperity must rest upon the broad shoulders of a rising middle class.We know that America thrives when every person can find independence and pride in their work;when the wages of honest labor liberate families from the brink of hardship.We are true to our creed when a little girl born into the bleakest poverty knows that she has the same chance to succeed as anybody else, because she is an American, she is free, and she is equal, not just in the eyes of God but also in our own.We understand that outworn programs are inadequate to the needs of our time.We must harness new ideas and technology to remake our government, revamp our tax code, reform our schools, and empower our citizens with the skills they need to work harder, learn more, and reach higher.But while the means will change, our purpose endures: a nation that rewards the effort and determination of every single American.That is what this moment requires.That is what will give real meaning to our creed.We, the people, still believe that every citizen deserves a basic measure of security and dignity.We must make the hard choices to reduce the cost of health care and the size of our deficit.But we reject the belief that America must choose between caring for the generation that built this country and investing in the generation that will build its future.For we remember the lessons of our past, when twilight years were spent in poverty, and parents of a child with a disability had nowhere to turn.We do not believe that in this country, freedom is reserved for the lucky, or happiness for the few.We recognize that no matter how responsibly we live our lives, any one of us, at any time, may face a job loss, or a sudden illness, or a home swept away in a terrible storm.The commitments we make to each other – through Medicare, and Medicaid, and Social Security – these things do not sap our initiative;they strengthen us.They do not make us a nation of takers;they free us to take the risks that make this country great.We, the people, still believe that our obligations as Americans are not just to ourselves, but to all posterity.We will respond to the threat of climate change, knowing that the failure to do so would betray our children and future generations.Some may still deny the overwhelming judgment of science, but none can avoid the devastating impact of raging fires, and crippling drought, and more powerful storms.The path towards sustainable energy sources will be long and sometimes difficult.But America cannot resist this transition;we must lead it.We cannot cede to other nations the technology that will power new jobs and new industries – we must claim its promise.That is how we will maintain our economic vitality and our national treasure – our forests and waterways;our croplands and snowcapped peaks.That is how we will preserve our planet, commanded to our care by God.That’s what will lend meaning to the creed our fathers once declared.We, the people, still believe that enduring security and lasting peace do not require perpetual war.Our brave men and women in uniform, tempered by the flames of battle, are unmatched in skill and courage.Our citizens, seared by the memory of those we have lost, know too well the price that is paid for liberty.The knowledge of their sacrifice will keep us forever vigilant against those who would do us harm.But we are also heirs to those who won the peace and not just the war, who turned sworn enemies into the surest of friends, and we must carry those lessons into this time as well.We will defend our people and uphold our values through strength of arms and rule of law.We will show the courage to try and resolve our differences with other nations peacefully – not because we are naïve about the dangers we face, but because engagement can more durably lift suspicion and fear.America will remain the anchor of strong alliances in every corner of the globe;and we will renew those institutions that extend our capacity to manage crisis abroad, for no one has a greater stake in a peaceful world than its most powerful nation.We will support democracy from Asia to Africa;from the Americas to the Middle East, because our interests and our conscience compel us to act on behalf of those who long for freedom.And we must be a source of hope to the poor, the sick, the marginalized, the victims of prejudice – not out of mere charity, but because peace in our time requires the constant advance of those principles that our common creed describes: tolerance and opportunity;human dignity and justice.We, the people, declare today that the most evident of truths – that all of us are created equal – is the star that guides us still;just as it guided our forebears through Seneca Falls, and Selma, and Stonewall;just as it guided all those men and women, sung and unsung, who left footprints along this great Mall, to hear a preacher say that we cannot walk alone;to hear a King proclaim that our individual freedom is inextricably bound to the freedom of every soul on Earth.It is now our generation’s task to carry on what those pioneers began.For our journey is not complete until our wives, our mothers, and daughters can earn a living equal to their efforts.Our journey is not complete until our gay brothers and sisters are treated like anyone else under the law – for if we are truly created equal, then surely the love we commit to one another must be equal as well.Our journey is not complete until no citizen is forced to wait for hours to exercise the right to vote.Our journey is not complete until we find a better way to welcome the striving, hopeful immigrants who still see America as a land of opportunity;until bright young students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country.Our journey is not complete until all our children, from the streets of Detroit to the hills of Appalachia to the quiet lanes of Newtown, know that they are cared for, and cherished, and always safe from harm.That is our generation’s task – to make these words, these rights, these values – of Life, and Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness – real for every American.Being true to our founding documents does not require us to agree on every contour of life;it does not mean we will all define liberty in exactly the same way, or follow the same precise path to happiness.Progress does not compel us to settle centuries-long debates about the role of government for all time – but it does require us to act in our time.For now decisions are upon us, and we cannot afford delay.We cannot mistake absolutism for principle, or substitute spectacle for politics, or treat name-calling as reasoned debate.We must act, knowing that our work will be imperfect.We must act, knowing that today’s victories will be only partial, and that it will be up to those who stand here in four years, and forty years, and four hundred years hence to advance the timeless spirit once conferred to us in a spare Philadelphia hall.My fellow Americans, the oath I have sworn before you today, like the one recited by others who serve in this Capitol, was an oath to God and country, not party or faction – and we must faithfully execute that pledge during the duration of our service.But the words I spoke today are not so different from the oath that is taken each time a soldier signs up for duty, or an immigrant realizes her dream.My oath is not so different from the pledge we all make to the flag that waves above and that fills our hearts with pride.They are the words of citizens, and they represent our greatest hope.You and I, as citizens, have the power to set this country’s course.You and I, as citizens, have the obligation to shape the debates of our time – not only with the votes we cast, but with the voices we lift in defense of our most ancient values and enduring ideals.Let each of us now embrace, with solemn duty and awesome joy, what is our lasting birthright.With common effort and common purpose, with passion and dedication, let us answer the call of history, and carry into an uncertain future that precious light of freedom.Thank you, God Bless you, and may He forever bless these United States of America.