第一篇：介词教案
第一课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.At;on;in
①at + 具体时刻：at 3：00
②on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）
③in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分
注意：at this / that time at Christmas eg.1.___ the morning
2.___ Monday morning 3.___ a rainy evening 4.___3:50
5.__ 2002
6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring
8.___ night 9.___ this time
10.___ March
另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening;Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词.tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。
eg.I will go____(A)to the cinema(B)in(C)this evening.2.in , on , at 表地点：
at一般指小地方；
in一般指大地方或某个范围之内； on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。eg.1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位
in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下面的位置关系
Eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across
4.across:（表面）跨过
through:（内部）穿过，贯穿 介词
eg.1)Can you swim _____ the river?
2)The road runs __________ the forest.3)_____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.5.in + 时间段：与将来时连用
after + 时间段：与过去时连用
但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。
1)I’ll leave _______ three o’clock..That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.2)They left _______ two weeks.Step3: Summary
Step4: Homework Step5:板书设计
教学反思：
第二课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.in the tree(外加在树上的事物)
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
on the wall(墙表面的事物)
in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
1)There is a map ___ the wall
2)There are four windows ___ the wall.2.by bike / bus / car / ship(单数且无冠词)
但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。
eg.by bike = on a(the;his)bike
by car = in a(the;her)car
on: 在…（表面）上——接触
3.over: 在…的正上方
above: 在…的斜上方 未接触
1)The moon rose ______ the hill.2)There is a bridge _____ the river.3)There is a book ______ the desk.4.between: 在（两者）之间
among :在（三者以上）之间
1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach.________ them were his parents.2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.5.on与about : 关于
on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及
eg.He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
Step3: Summary
Step4: Homework
Step5:板书设计
教学反思：
第三课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.in front of :在…前面/方（范围外）= before
in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内）
1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与behind 2.with和in: 表示“用“
with: 指“用工具、手、口等”
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”
1)Please write the letter ____ a pen.2)Please speak ____ a loud voice.3.on a farm;in a factory;the girl in the hat;leave for: 动身前往某地 4.一些固定搭配：
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;
wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot，with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
Step3: Summary
Step4: Homework
Step5:板书设计
教学反思：
第二篇：介词 (教案)
语法第五讲
——教案
LEAD IN
1.介词的导入
介词是一个非常重要的词语种类，不知道同学们听说过没有，英语被称作“一门介词的语言”，大家可以试着去找一下，一般来说只要是稍微长一点的句子里面，都会有介词的存在。介词其实不多大概也几十个的样子，常用的就十几个。这就给我们的学习带来了方便与难度，方便在于，不多意味着你很快就可以摸熟基本上所有的介词，但是不多也意味着他用法的灵活和辨析难度的加大。
2.常用的介词
in on at with of to for from
3.介词难学的原因
1）一词多义请看例句（请同学翻译in的含义）e.g.① Can you write in English?(in: 用)② I am in Guangdong.(in: 在)这里的in有着不同的含义
2）可以跟很多的词语搭配，特别是动词搭配，构成动词短语，这是极其热门的考点
e.g.①Look for(寻找)②Look after（照顾）
③Look at（看）
4.本次课的目标
掌握in on at with of to for from的常规用法 Step 1
介词的相关定义
1.介词的定义
介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一，它表示的是它后面的名词或代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句)与其他句子成分的关系。e.g.The book is on the table.(先在黑板上写the book 和 the table，然后问学生他们有没有关系，再然后加上介词，我们就发现有关系，这就说明介词导致了他前后的名词有了关系)
2.介词宾语的概念（重要）
介词后面的词语叫做介词宾语（不要跟句法的主谓宾混淆）e.g.1)at the moment
2)in the morning
介词的宾语一般是名词，数词或者介词的宾格，动名词，句子
3.介词短语的概念
介词和介词宾语在一起叫做介词短语（再跟他们做一个与名词短语的区分）
e.g.of course 固定短语
in private（副词短语）
4.介词的分类：
介词可分为下列三类：（大家了解一下就好了）1.简单介词：
about, above, across, after, against, among, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, beyond, but, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, like, near, of, off, on, over, past, round, since, through, to, towards, under, until, till, up, with等 2.合成介词：
inside, into, onto, outside, throughout, upon, within, without等 3.短语介词：
according to, ahead of, along with, apart from, as for, as to, because of, by means of, in front of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on behalf of , owing to, due to, together with, up to, in/with regard to, next to等
（考他们一下 in front of me 是不是介词短语（是））
Step 2 介词短语的句法功能
1.作状语（说明谓语的情况），例如： e.g.1）Can you write in English?
2）We are playing games on the playground.(on the playing ground 修饰在哪儿玩)
3）I get up at six o'clock.(six o'clock 修饰 get up)
4）That was done without my knowledge and without my consent.这件事我既不知道也没同意。
5）
Don't stand under a tree during a thunderstorm.雷雨时不要站在树下。
6)
I am happy in Guangdong.(in Guangdong 地点状语，修饰am happy)
####有 am happy 作谓语的说法么？####
简单讲解一下英语句子成分
字母组成单词，单词组成句子，句子组成文章。句子的结构一般是：
1）主语＋谓语 ＋宾语 或者
2）主语＋谓语 或者
3）主语＋谓语＋表语
对于 主语、谓语、宾语、表语，都可以加其它的词来修饰，其中，修饰谓语的词就是状语或补语。修饰主语的是定语，修饰宾语的是定语或者补语，修饰表语的是定语。
一般修饰谓语且放在谓语前面的是状语，状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,它附加在谓语中心语的前面,从情况,时间,处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。，修饰谓语且放在谓语后面的是补语。要注意的是：状语有很多不是一个单词，可以由很多结构担任状语，比如不定式、短语、从句、分词结构等。它是一个自由度很大的成分，如果不是一个单词，则可以在句子的很多位置出现。一般来说，有时间、地点、原因、目的、方式等多种状语
2.作(定语分前置和后置)定语(先让他们找介词短语)，例如：
e.g.1）The people on the big bus are singing.区别
The people are singing on the big bus.（前面是定语，后面是定语，后面一句翻译——人们正在车上唱歌。第一句应该翻译成在大巴上的人们正在唱歌。注意我们中文的表述习惯是将状语放中间，我们中国人一般不会说人们正在唱歌在大巴上。这两句的意思看似是一样的，但是他们强调的对象是不一样的）
2）I like the girl with a book.(我喜欢那个拿着书的女孩。)
3.作表语，例如： The book is out of print.这书已不再印行。
To be strict with a person is for his own good.严是爱。4.作宾语补足语
When he came to life, he found himself in a hospital.当他苏醒时，他发现自己在一家医院里。
三、介词的固定搭配 1.At
1.[表示地点或位置]在…，经由
2.[表示时间]在…时（刻）3.处于…状态
4.在…方面
5.向，朝，以…为目标
6.[表示速度、价格等]以
7.从事于，忙于
8.因为
9.根据，按照
10.出席，参加
11从一个间隔距离
be good at 精通于
be annoyed at 对……烦恼
be angry at 对……发怒(take)aim at 瞄准
laugh at 因……而发笑
stare at 盯着看，凝视 at best 充其量
at first 开始
at large 自由地，未被捕地
at least 至少，起码
at length 最后，终于
at once 立即，马上
at present 现在
at rest 休息，静止不动
at times 间或，有时
at the risk of 冒……的危险
at a speed of 以……的速度
be quick at 敏于做某事
be amazed at 吃惊
be slow at 对……反应慢
attempt at 试图，努力
glance at 瞥见
work at 从事，致力于
at fault 有错
at intervals 不时
at last 终于，最后
at leisure 有空，失业状态
at most 至多，不超过 at peace平静
at random 随机，任意地
at sea 茫然，迷惑
at work 在工作，在运转
at the price of 以……的价格
at the sight of 一看到 例如：
He was angry at his brother's remark.他对他兄弟的批评很恼火。
I don't know him but he has been staring at me for ten minutes.我不认识他，但是他盯了我足有十分钟。I know I am at fault.我知道我错了。
The escaped prisoner is still at large.那逃犯仍逍遥法外。
He is at present away on his holidays.他现在到外地度假去了。2.About
1.在…周围，在…身边
2.在/去…各处
3.关于，对于
4.（时刻、大小、数量等）大约
5.从事于
6.[后接不定式]刚要，正准备
careful about 小心
particular about 对……讲究
careless about 粗心 doubtful about 对……怀疑
sure about 肯定
concerned about 担心 a complaint about 抱怨，叫屈
bring about 引起，带来
care about 关心，介意
leave about 乱放，乱扔
anxious about 担心，想念
crazy about 迷恋
hopeful about 抱……希望
enthusiastic about 热心于
certain about 有把握
anxiety about 忧虑，担心
inquire about 询问 agree about 就……取得一致意见
hang about 闲荡，聚在……附近come about 发生，产生
order about 不断差遣
例如：
How did it come about? 那事是怎样发生的? She is crazy about pop music.她对流行音乐着了迷。
English people are always making complaints about their weather.英国人老是埋怨天气不好。
He is enthusiastic about the music of Brahams.他热衷于布拉姆斯的乐曲。
Harry likes eating very much but he isn't very particular about the food he eats.哈里很爱吃，但对他所吃的食物倒并不讲究。3.Against
1.（反）对，违反
2.碰着
3.倚在，紧靠着
4.以…为背景
5.对…不利
6.以…为防御（或抵抗）对象
7.与…竞争
8.与…相邻 fight against 反对
vote against 投票反对
protect … against 保护……免受
stand against 反对，经受住
guard against 防护
protest against 反对，抗议
rise against 起来反抗
run against 对……不利，违反
strive against 与……作斗争
a defence against 防护，保卫
a protest against 抗议，反对 例如：
I protest against their criticism.我对他们的批评提出抗议。
Those clothes don't give you much protection against the cold.那些衣服不能使你御寒。
He should guard against passing on disease to his family.他应当注意别把病传给自己家里的人。4.By
1.在…旁
2.在…身边/手头
3.[方向]偏于
4.沿，经由
5.经过…旁边
6.不迟于，到…时为止
7.[表示方法、手段]靠，用，通过
8.由于
9.根据，按
10.被，由
11.相差
12.逐批
13.[表示关系]就…来说
14.对待
15.对着…发誓
pull … by 拉住
by mistake 弄错，失误
by virtue of 凭借，由于
by means of 使用
by aid of 借助于
by way of 经由
by birth 天生
by nature 天生地
by profession 就职业而言
by heart 记住
by post 邮寄 catch … by 抓住
stand by 支持
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by turns 轮流
by appearance 从外表
by name 名叫，以名字
by far ……很多，最
by accident 偶然
by force 以武力，强迫地
by marriage 联姻而产生的 例如：
He is by nature a kind, generous fellow.他是个天性和蔼慷慨的人。
They sent the letter to me by mistake.他们误把那封信送给了我。
The old Roman armies had several generals who took command by turns.古罗马的军队由几位大将轮流指挥。
By virtue of his victory, he felt he could do what he pleased.由于胜利，他感到可以想干什么就干什么了。I probably know him by sight but not by name.我大概见面认识他，不过叫不上名字。5.For
1.[表示目的]为了
2.[表示对象、用途等]对于、适合于
3.[表示目标、去向]往，向
4.代替，代表
5.[表示等值或比例关系]换
6.[表示愿望、爱好、特长等]对于
7.赞成，拥护
8.由于
9.虽然，尽管
10.就…而言
11.当作，作为
12.[表示时间、距离、数量等]达，计
13.[表示约定的时间]在
an admiration for 羡慕，赞赏
an apology for 道歉
a need for 需要(make)an arrangement for 作安排
an attraction for 吸引，招引
a capacity for 能力，力量
a passion for 热情，爱好
a cure for 疗法，(治某病的)药
desire for 期望，希望
a fitness for 合适
a gift for 天赋，才能 a reputation for 名誉，声望
responsibility for 责任，职责
sorrow for 对……感到悲痛
a talent for 才能，天资
vote for 投票赞成 favourable for 适宜
late for 迟到
anxious for 渴望
competent for 胜任
for good(and all)永远
for the sake of 为……缘故
for the better 好转
for the purpose of 为……目的for a change 改变一下
for the time being 暂时
for fear of 以免
an affection for 喜欢…… application for 申请
(make)preparation for 为……作准备
blame for 责怪，责备
cause for 理由
readiness for 为……准备就绪 an occasion for 时机，机会
a demand for 需要，需求
evidence for 证据，根据
a fondness for 喜欢
a reason for ……理由 a respect for 尊敬，尊重
a search for 搜寻，找寻
sympathy for 同情 taste for 喜好，爱好
famous for 因……出名
ready for 为……准备好 eager for 迫切要
hungry for 渴望
convenient for 方便
for short 简称 for certain 肯定地
for ages 很久
for the benefit of 为……利益
for anything 无论如何
for want/lack of 缺乏
for the present 暂时 例如：
I should like to repeat my opening remarks for the benefit of those who just came in.我愿重复一下我的开场白，以便让刚入场的人也能听到。New York is famous for its skyscrapers.纽约以其摩天大楼而著称。
His excuse for being late was that his train was delayed.他晚到的理由是火车晚点了。
This new school will have no playground for the time being.这所新学校将暂时没有操场。
If one does not have respect for oneself, one can't expect others to respect him.如果一个人不能自重，那么就别指望别人尊敬他。Nobody knows the age of the earth for certain.没有人确切知道地球的年龄。6.From
1.[表示起点]从…（起）
2.[表示来源]自，从…中
3.[表示根据]据，从…
4.[表示原因、动机]出于
5.[表示原料]由
6.[表示情况、状态的转变]从
7.[表示脱离、离开]离
8.[表示去除、免掉、阻止等]
9.[表示识别、区别]
10.[后接副词或介词短语]从
different from 与……不同
absent from 缺席
safe from 安全
remote from 远离……
free from 免受……
separate…from 把……分离
protection from 保护，保卫
retirement from 退休
die from(因受伤、饥寒等)死亡
discourage … from 劝……不做 keep … from 使……不做(某事)
prohibit … from 禁止，阻止
distant from 远离
recover from 恢复，康复
hear from 接到……的信(或电报等)
distinct from 有差别
stop …(from)劝阻……不
from bad to worse 每况愈下，愈来愈坏
from first to last 始终，一直
from now on 自现在起
recover from 复原
absence from 缺席，不在场
relief from 消除，免除
prevent …(from)阻止
differ from 与……不同，相异
dismiss … from 解雇，使……离职
infer … from 从……推论出
protect … from 保护……以免
resign from 辞职
suffer from 受……之苦
tell … from 把……与……区分开来
from a distance 从远处，远远地
from the heart 诚心诚意地
from the first 从一开始 例如：
From the first I disliked him.从一开始我就不喜欢他。
The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.患心脏病的人数已经上升了许多。
Allen and I are in the same history class, but his assignment is different from mine.爱伦和我在同一个历史班，但他的作业跟我的不同。I thank you from the heart.我衷心感谢你。
We are prohibited from smoking on school grounds.我们不准在校园内吸烟。
It is difficult to think of Hong Kong island as distinct from Kowloon.很难设想香港岛与九龙会有什么差别。
Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy.运动和游戏能使我们的体魄强壮，防止过胖，保持健康。7.In
1.[表示地点、场所、部位]在…（里面）
2.[表示时间]在…期间，在…以后
3.[表示过程]在…过程中 4.[表示范围、领域]在…方面 5.[表示状态、情况]处在…中
6.[表示职业、活动]从事于，参加
7.[表示地位、形式、方式等]以，按照，符合于
8.[表示表达方式、手段、原材料等]以，用
9.[表示数量、程度、比例]按，以
10.[表示服饰]穿着，戴着
11.[表示方向]朝，向
12.[表示含量]在…中
13.[表示目的]作为
14.[表示动作的对象]于
assist in 帮助做某事
consist in 在于
engage in 从事，参与
give in 让步，妥协
specialize in 专攻，专门研究
take in 欺骗，收容
in addition to 除……以外 belief in 信仰，相信
a delight in 以……为乐
an expert in 专家，能手 a pride in 自豪
play a role in 在……方面起作用
(there's no)sense in(做某事没)道理
skill in 在……的技巧、技能
a fall in 下降，减少
investment in 投资
success in 成功
successful in 在……成功
accurate in 精确
rich in 富于，盛产
absorbed in 专心于
experienced in 有经验
in the right 有理，正当
in terms of 用……术语
in case of 假使，万一
in fact 事实上
in the event of 万一
in one's opinion 根据……见解
in bloom 开着花
in the direction of 朝……方向
in comparison with 与……比较
in possession of 拥有，占有
in view of 由于，考虑到
in any event 无论如何
in the course of 在……过程中
in short 简言之
believe in 信仰，信赖
end in 以……告终
invest … in 在……投资succeed in 在……方面获得成功
confidence in 信任，相信
difficulty in 困难，困境
pleasure in 高兴
a rise in 上涨，增长
(there is no)point in(做某事没)有意义
There's no harm in 不妨
a specialist in 专家
an interest in 兴趣，关心
trouble in 苦恼，麻烦 interested in 对……感兴趣
fortunate in 有幸
constant in 对……持久 lacking in 缺乏
expert in 在……熟练
confident in 信任
in time 及时 in the interest of 为了……利益
in support of 支持，拥护
in turn 依次 in need of 需要……
in conclusion 最后，总之
in stock 存货
in effect 实际上
in respect of 关于，涉及
in connection with 与……相关
in circles 毫无进展，兜圈子
in touch with 和……接触 例如：
We hoped that we should have confidence in each other again.我们希望我们应再次彼此信任。
In conclusion, I shall not accept the invitation.总之，我是不会接受邀请的。
We must give up this plan for we are lacking in funds.我们必须放弃这一计划，因为我们缺少资金。This shop specializes in tea and coffee.这家商店专营茶叶和咖啡。He wants to have a rise in wages.他想要增加工资。
In comparison with England, Ireland has a small population.与英格兰相比，爱尔兰人口很少。8.Into
1.[表示动作的方向]到…里面
2.[表示时间]进入到，直到
3.[表示变化]成为，转为
4.触及
5.从事，承担
6.[数]除
argue … into 说服……做
frighten … into 恐吓……做
run into 碰见
turn … into 把……变成divide … into 把……分成 translate … into 把……翻译成 force … into 迫使……做
crash into 撞到……上
burst into 突然开始，闯入 reason … into 说服……做
talk … into 说服……做
trick … into 诱骗……做
pull into（把）（车、船等）驶入
cut into 切入，减少，插话
change … into 把……变成 break into 突然闯入 例如：
On hearing the sad news, she burst into tears.一听到这一不幸消息，她突然哭了起来。
The taxi driver pulled into a roadside restaurant to get something to eat.出租车司机把车开到路边饭店打算吃点东西。They frightened the old lady into signing the contract.他们吓唬老太太签了合同。9.Of
1.（属于）…的 2.（关于）…的 3.[表示同位、相似]
4.[表示数量或种类] 5.[表示具有某种性质、内容、状况等] 6.[表示部分或全部] 7.[表示…中最突出的]
8.[表示在…方面]
9.[表示在…一方]
10.来自…的，由…所著
11.由于，因为
12.由…组成（或构成）的 13.[表示动作的对象]
14.[表示动作的主体]
15.[表示方位、时间、距离等的范围]
16.用于…的
worthy of 值得
tired of厌倦
considerate of 体贴
aware of 知道 conscious of 认识到
proud of 骄傲
composed of 由……组成 certain of 确信
regardless of 不管
fond of 喜爱
ashamed of 害臊 innocent of 清白，无罪
approve of 赞成，批准
consist of 由……组成 inform … of 通知
rob … of 抢劫
convince … of 使……确信
suspect … of 怀疑
sick of 厌恶，厌倦 guilty of 犯罪
ignorant of 忽视
accuse … of 控告(某人)
assure … of 使……确信
hear of 听说
remind … of 使想起，提醒
smell of 有……气味
speak of 谈到，提及 cure … of 治愈……病
die of 死于（疾病、情感等）
例如：
Mr.Green told us that he was ashamed of having a black sheep in the family.Three students were accused of cheating in the examination.He is worthy of the honour.This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.I was sick of her way of dancing.10.To
1.[表示方向、目的地、距离]到、向、离
2.[表示状态或性质的变化]趋于，倾向于
3.[表示时间]直到…为止
4.[表示程度、范围等]到，达到
5.[表示相对的位置或反应]对，面对
6.[表示接近、接触]在，紧靠着
7.[表示归属、附加]属于，加于
8.[表示比较、对比]比
9.[表示目的、意图]为了
10.[表示关联、关系]对于
11.[表示相符、适应]按照，根据
12.[表示结果]致使
13.[表示动作的对象]对，于
access to 进入，通道
pay attention to 注意……
exposure to 暴露 injury to 损伤，伤害
an objection to 反对
object to 反对 dedication to 献身，热爱
resistance to 阻力，抵抗
similarity to 类似，相似
similar to 相似，相同
indifferent to 不在乎
equal to 等于
add to 增加，加强
devoted to 献身于
contrary to 违反，相反
adapt to 使习惯
belong to 属于
amount to 相当于，等于
owe … to 把……归功于
report to 报到
stick to 坚持
to a certain extent 在一定程度上
an attitude to 态度
lead to 导致
(attach)importance to 重视
a limit to限制
contribution to 贡献，捐助
a response to 反应，响应
pay a visit to 访问，拜访
grateful to 感激
prefer to 宁可，更喜欢
sentence … to 宣判
turn to 求助于
to one's liking 合某人意
to one's face 当面
to one's benefit 对……有益
to one's taste 合……胃口
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意 例如：
He answered the questions to everybody's satisfaction.他回答了问题，使人人都很满意。
I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive.我反对这项计划，理由是费用过于庞大。Your computer is similar to mine.你的计算机与我的相似。
I sympathize with her only to a certain extent.我只是在一定程度上同情她。
He dedicated his life to the cause of medicine.他将一生献给了医学事业。11.On
1.在…上
2.在…旁，沿着
3.向着，对着
4.在…时候，在…后立即
5.根据，凭
6.关于，论及
7.是…成员，在…供职
8.在从事…中，处于…情况中
9.通过，以…的方式
10.带在…身上
advice on 忠告，意见
an attack on 袭击，攻击
depend on 依靠，依赖 an emphasis on 强调，重点
(keep)an eye on 照看，注意
an influence on 影响
(have)mercy on 怜悯，对…表示同情
act on 对……起作用
base on 以……为基础
concentrate … on 将(思想、精力)集中于，全神贯注
focus on 把……集中在……上
live on 靠……生活，以……为主食
wait on 侍候
on the increase 正在增长
on bad(good)terms with 与……不友好(友好)
on no account 决不
on fire 着火
on average平均说来
on the contrary 相反，反之
on behalf of 代表，为了
a comment on 评论
an effect on 对……的作用
an expert on 专家，能手
an impression on 印象，感觉
(play)a joke on 开……的玩笑
a report on 报告，汇报
research on 研究，探讨
agree on 对……取得一致意见
call on 拜访，询问
congratulate … on 祝贺
count on 依靠，指望
get on 上(车，船等)
insist on 坚持
operate on 给……动手术
on demand 一经请求
on guard 警戒
on the whole 总的看来，大体上
on business 因公，公事
on the basis 以……为基础
on purpose 故意地 例如：
He has done a great deal of research on that subject.他对那个专题已经进行了大量的研究。The house at the end of the street was on fire.街另一头的房子着了火。
The two sides agreed on a cease-fire.双方达成停火协议。
The total influence of literature on the course of human history is difficult to evaluate.很难评估文学对人类历史进程的影响究竟有多大。On the whole, he is misunderstood by most people.总的看来，他被大多数人所误解了。
When I heard that he had passed the exam, I phoned him to congratulate him on his success.当我听到他考试通过时，便打电话祝贺他的成功。12.With
1.和…（一起）
2.在…边，赞同
3.具有，带有，穿着
4.作为…的成员
5.在…身上，在…身边6.由…负责（或处理）7.[表示同时、同一方向、同等程度]随着
8.[表示使用的工具、手段等]用
9.[表示行为方式]以…，带着
10.由于
11.对…，就…来说
12.[表示相对、相离]
13.尽管
an appointment with 约会，约见
concern with 关注
(fall in)love with 爱上
crowded with 拥挤
familiar with 精通，熟悉
patient with 对……耐心 angry with 生气
popular with 受欢迎
begin with 以……开始
with ease 轻易地
deal with 处理，对付
charge … with 控告，指责
provide … with 装备，供给
with an eye to 着眼于
with regard to 关于
(in)combination with 与……结合 connection with 关系，联系
contact with 接触
satisfied with 对……满意
keep in touch with 与……保持联系
busy with 忙于
friendly with 与……友好
ill with 有病
disappointed with 失望
concerned with 关心
with respect to 关于
agree with 同意(某人的意见)cooperate with 与……合作
do away with 废除，取消
come up with 想出
keep up with 跟上
share … with 与……合用
with reference to 关于
例如：
She came up with a new idea for increasing sales.她想出了一个增加销售额的新主意。
He kept in touch with her family while he was overseas.他在海外时一直与家人保持着联系。I have no connection with that firm.我与那个公司没有关系。
第三篇：介词形容词教案
第一课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.At;on;in
①at + 具体时刻：at 3：00
②on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）
③in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分
注意：at this / that time at Christmas eg.1.___ the morning
2.___ Monday morning 3.___ a rainy evening 4.___3:50
5.__ 2002
6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring
8.___ night 9.___ this time
10.___ March
另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon , evening;Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that时，不再用介词.tomorrow, tonight前也不用介词。
eg.I will go____(A)to the cinema(B)in(C)this evening.2.in , on , at 表地点：
at一般指小地方；
in一般指大地方或某个范围之内； on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。eg.1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.2)They arrived ___a small village before dark.3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.3.in , on , to表方位
in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下面的位置关系
Eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.3)Japan is to the east of China.cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across
4.across:（表面）跨过
through:（内部）穿过，贯穿 介词
eg.1)Can you swim _____ the river?
2)The road runs __________ the forest.3)_____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.5.in + 时间段：与将来时连用
after + 时间段：与过去时连用
但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。
1)I’ll leave _______ three o’clock..That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.2)They left _______ two weeks.Step2: Summary
Step3: Homework Step4:板书设计
教学反思：
第二课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.in the tree(外加在树上的事物)
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
on the wall(墙表面的事物)
in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
1)There is a map ___ the wall
2)There are four windows ___ the wall.2.by bike / bus / car / ship(单数且无冠词)
但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。
eg.by bike = on a(the;his)bike
by car = in a(the;her)car
on: 在…（表面）上——接触
3.over: 在…的正上方
above: 在…的斜上方 未接触
1)The moon rose ______ the hill.2)There is a bridge _____ the river.3)There is a book ______ the desk.4.between: 在（两者）之间
among :在（三者以上）之间
1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the beach.________ them were his parents.2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.5.on与about : 关于
on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及
eg.He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
Step2: Summary
Step3: Homework
Step4:板书设计
教学反思：
第三课时：介词
教学重点：重要介词的知识点及用法 教学难点：介词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.in front of :在…前面/方（范围外）= before
in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内）
1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.类似区别：at the back of与behind 2.with和in: 表示“用“
with: 指“用工具、手、口等”
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”
1)Please write the letter ____ a pen.2)Please speak ____ a loud voice.3.on a farm;in a factory;the girl in the hat;leave for: 动身前往某地 4.一些固定搭配：
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;
wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot，with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。
Step2: Summary
Step3: Homework
Step4:板书设计
教学反思：
第一课时：形容词
教学重点：形容词的作用 教学难点：形容词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解 1.形容词作表语
The Summer Palace is very beautiful.颐和园非常美丽。2.形容词作宾语补足语
We found the text very difficult.我们觉得这篇课文很难。
You should keep your class room clean.你们应该保持教室清洁。3.形容词相当于副词，作状语
We arrived at home very late，sate and sound.我们到家很晚，安然无恙。He came home，dead tired.他回到家来，累得要死。4.形容词作定语
This is beautiful rose.这是二朵美丽的玫瑰花。
Let me tell you something interesting.我来告诉你一些有趣的事。注意：
(一)形容词作定语的位置
(1)修饰something，anything，everything，nothing，everyone, anybody等复合不定代词时要后置。
如： Is there anything important in the article?
这篇文章里有什么重要的东西吗? There is something difficult in the lesson.这堂课里有些东西很难。
(2)形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，要后置。
如： He is a worker worthy of praise.他是一个值得表扬的工人。It is a problem difficult to solve.这是一个难于解决的问题。
(3)and或or连接的两个形容词通常后置，起强调作用。
如： We will turn our motherland into a country，strong and modern.我们要把我们的国家建设成一个强大的现代化的国家。
Power stations，large and small，have been set up all over the country.在全国各地建了大大小小的发电站。
Every nation，big or small，has it's strong points and weak points.每个民族，无论大小，都有自己的优点和缺点。
(4)修饰指示代词those的形容词放在它后面。如： Those present were a11 surprised at the news.＝Those who were present were all surprised at the news.在场的人得知那个消息都不胜诧异。
Among those invited were some women.＝Among those who were invited were some women.在被邀请的人中有些是妇女。
(5)else常置于不定代词和疑问代词之后。
如： Was anybody else absent? 还有谁缺席了? What else do you want? 你还想要什么?
(6)形容词enough可置于名词的前面或后面。但修饰副词时只能后置。
如： I have enough money/money enough to buy a car.我有足够的钱买辆车。
He can run fast enough to catch a bus.他跑得很快足以赶上公共汽车。
(7)多个形容词用来修饰同一名词时，一般按照各形容词与被修饰词间的紧密程度排列，关系越紧密，越靠近被修饰词。
如： that very well-mannered young child 那个很有礼貌的小孩
that warm red silk dress那件暖和的红绸衣服 注意：
(二)不同层次的形容词作定语时，一般按下列词序排列：
限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示形状的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、类别的形容词或分词、名词→+名词中心词。如：a beautiful small round old black French wooden writing desk.Step2 巩固练习
①Mr Smith, __________of the __________ speech，started to read a novel.A.tired；boring B.tiring；bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring 点拨：A。boring是前置定语，修饰speech。tired of短语作后置定语，相当于一个非限定性定语从句who was tired of the boring speech，修饰Mr Smith.②—Have you got my c-mail today? —Oh，there's、______________with my computer.It doesn’t A.something wrong B.anything wrong C.nothing wrong D.everything wrong 点拨：A句意是：“你今天有没有收到我的电子邮件?”“哦，我的电脑出了些毛病，坏了；”肯定句中不定代词要用something，形容词wrong要放在不定代词的后面作后置定语。
③I have always done it this way and I do not know ______________it could be done.A.what else B.how
C.how other D.how else 点拨：D 因know后面是被动结构，不缺宾语，可排除A；other不能与疑问副词how连用，可排除C；再根据句意“我总是用这种方法，但不知道还能另外怎么做”，可排除B，否则全与前句产生矛盾。
④(2005·北京)This ______________ girl is Linda's cousin.A.Pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty C.Spanish pretty little D.little pretty Spanish 点拨：A本题考查多个形容词作定语时的排序问题。几个形容词修饰一个名词时，按“限定词+数词+描绘词+特征词+类属词+名词”的顺序，依次应为pretty(描绘形容词)，little(特征形容词)，Spanish(类属形容词中的专有形容词)；句意是：这个漂亮的西班牙小姑娘是琳达的表妹。
⑤The dish tastes ________________ Don't you think so? A.good B.well
C.fine D.pleased 点拨：A taste是连系动词，后面常接形客词作表语。well作形容词时表示“身体好的”；fine表示“外表好看”；pleased表示“喜悦”句意是：这菜尝起来不错，你不这样认为吗，此处选good作表语，也可用nice或delicious.Step3: Summary
Step4: Homework
Step5:板书设计
教学反思：
第二课时：形容词
教学重点：形容词的分类 教学难点：形容词的运用 教学步骤：
Step1 语法讲解
1.只作表语或补语的形容词
2.afraid害怕的 alike相似的alive活的 alone单独的 asleep睡着的 ashamed惭愧的awake醒着的 aware知道的 content满足的 drunk醉的ill生病的 liable易于……的
subject易于 sunk沉没的 sure确信的，有把握的 unable不能的 well好的，健康的 worth值得的 注意 表语形容词前的程度状语(be)wide awake完全清醒(be)sound/fast asleep酣睡(be)quite alone非常孤独(be)still alive仍然活着(be)much alike非常相似
(be)quite sure/certain非常肯定
(be)well worth doing…很值得做……
(be)well/quite willing to do…非常愿意做……(be)full/well/quite aware of…充分意识到……，对……非常清醒，完全知道…… 2.只用作定语的形容词
wooden木制的 woolen毛质的 golden金色的 elder年长的 upper上面的 former以前的 latter以后的 outer外面的 inner里面的 mere仅仅 only唯一的 utter完全的 main主要的 certain某一 utmost最远的 drunken醉的
leaden铅制的 beaten被打败的 very同一的，恰好的 3.作定语和作表语意不同的形容词
certain(表)当然的，确定的；(定)某一，特定的 complete(表)完成的，完美的；(定)完全的 ill(表)有病的；(定)坏的
late(表)晚的，迟到的；(定)新近的
present(表)出席的，参加的；(定)目前的 ready(表)准备好的，愿意的；(定)现成的 All the people present burst into tears.(表)所有在场的人都哭了。
The present situation is encouraging.(定)目前的形势令人鼓舞。4.复合形容词(1)形容词+名词斗+-ed a small-sized box＝a box of small size小号的箱子
a high-prized goods＝goods with high prize极受赞赏的货物(2)形容词+动词+-ing a slow-burning candle＝a candle that burns slowly 慢慢燃烧着的蜡烛
an odd-looking man＝a man who looks odd长得很奇怪的人(3)名词+过去分词
a hunger-weakened man＝a man who is weakened by hunger因饥饿而虚弱的人 a man-made satellite＝a satellite that is made by man人造卫星 5.形容词用作名词
the+adj.作为复数名词，表示“……的人们”。the poor穷人 the diligent勤奋的人 the deaf聋人 the old老年人
the married已婚者 the brave勇敢的人 the wise聪明的人 the foolish傻子 the rich富人 the dead死者 the sick病人 the blind盲人
the strong强壮的人 the black黑人
We should respect the old and lov, e the young.我们应该尊老爱幼。
In old China education was only for the rich.在旧中国，教育只是为有钱人服务的。
Step2: Summary
Step3: Homework
Step4:板书设计
教学反思：
第三课时：形容词
教学重点：形容词的比较级 教学难点：形容词的运用 教学步骤： Step1 语法讲解
(一)1.形容词比较级和最高级的规则构成
(1)单音节的在词尾加-er或-est。例如： old o1der oldest kind kinder kindest ▲直false(虚假的)，just(公正的)，wrong(错误的)，real(真的)虽是单音节，通常加more或most。
(2)单音节的词其最后一个字母为辅音字母，而其前 又为单元音时，要双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est。如：
hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest(3)双音节的词也可加-er或-est，尤其词尾为-er，-ow,-ple，-tle等时。如： narrow narrower narrowest simple simpler simplest gentle gentler gentlest ▲proper的比较级却为more proper。
(4)词尾为“辅音字母+y”时，先将y变成i，再加-er或-est。如：
merry merrier merriest ugly uglier ugliest ▲但词尾为“元音字母+y”时，y不变，直接加-er或-est。如： gay gayer gayest gray grayer grayest grey greyer greyest(5)双音节词中特别由-ful,-less，-able，-ous,-ive,-ing等结尾的词，及三音节以上的单词，通常加more，most。如：
beautiful more beautiful most beautiful laughable more laughable most laughable diligent more diligent most diligent leisure more leisure most leisure satisfactory more satisfactory most satisfactory(6)“劣等”比较，是在原级形容词之前加less，least，而构成比较级与最高级。
kind less kind least kind useful less useful least useful You are less tall than she.你没有她高。His brother is less diligent than he.他哥哥没有他用功。
(7)一些复合形容词的比较等级
bad-tempered worse-tempered worst-tempered cold-blooded more cold-blooded most cold-blooded fine-looking finer-looking finest-looking good-hearted better-hearted best-hearted hard-working harder-working hardest-working 2.形容词比较级和最高级的不规则构成
good /well better best bad / ill/ evil worse worst many / much more most little less least old older/elder oldest/eldest late later latest far farther/further farthest/furthest ▲well作“健康的”解，只能作表语或补语，不能作定语。He has been ill since a few days ago.他病了好几天了。But he is a little better today.但他今天好一点儿了。比较等级变化歌诀
比较级要变化，一般词尾加-er。词尾若有哑音e，直接加r就可以。一辅重读闭音节，辅音字母要双写。辅音字母加y；要把y改i。
最高级加-est，前面加the莫忘记。
形容词若是多音节，只把more，most前面写。还有一些不规则，我们还要多总结。不规则变化有：
“两多”“many，much—more—most “两好”good，well—better—best “两坏”ill，bad—worse—worst “一老”old—older/elder—oldest/eldest “一远”far—farther/further—farthest/furthest Step2 巩固练习
①(2006 ·福建)Green products are becoming more and popular because they are environmentally A.friendly B.various C.common D.changeable 点拨A 句意为：绿色产品正变得越来越受欢迎，因为它们非常环保。friendly此处意为“好用的；无害的”，environmentally friendly意为“环保的”。various意为“各种各样的”common意为“普通的”；changeable意为“易变的”。
②(2007 ·福建)—Do you need any help, Lucy? —Yes.The job is ______________________I could do myself.A.less than B.more than C.no more than D.not more than 点拨：B 句意：“你需要帮忙吗，露西?”“是的，我自己干不了这个工作。“more than+含有can的从句”结构往往表示否定的意义，强调超出某人的能力范围。Less than意为“不到，少于”；no more than意为“仅仅”；not more than意为“不比……多”。
③(2006·江苏)I wish you'd do ______________ talking and some more work Thus things will become better.A.a bit less B.any less C.much more D.a little more 点拨：A 句意为：我希望你少说多做，这样情况会好一些。C、D两项明显不合题意，B项一般用于否定句或疑问句中，只有A项符合语境，意为“少一些”。④(2006·全国Ⅱ)Your story is perfect;I've never beard________________ before.A.the better one B.the best one C.a better one D.a good one 点拨：C 句意为：你的故事好极了，我以前从未听过这么好的故事。形容词的比较级与否定词连用表示最高级概念，并且，名词或代词前往往用不定冠词表示泛指，所以答案选C。
⑤(2006·四川)—Did you enjoy yourself at the party? —Yes.I've never been to __________________one before.A.a more excited B.the most excited C.a more exciting D.the most exciting 点拨：C 句意为：“你在聚会上玩得痛快吗?”“是的，以前我从未去过比这更激动人心的聚会。”“不定冠词+形容词比较级+单数名词”是固定结构，常与never连用，以表达最高级意义。再如：I've never seen a better film.＝This is the best film I have ever seed.exciting表示事物本身具有的使人兴奋的特征，excited表示人感到兴奋
Step3: Summary
Step4: Homework
Step5:板书设计
教学反思：
第四课时：形容词
教学重点：形容词的句式 教学难点：形容词的运用 教学步骤： Step1 语法讲解
1.基本句式
(1)…as+原级+as…
She is as beautiful as her mother(is).她和她的母亲一样漂亮。(2)…as+原级+名词+as…
She has as much money as I(have).她有和我同样多的钱。
(3)复数主语+系动词+the same(或similar，alike，different)。如： These books are the same.这些书都一样。
(4)单数主语+系动词+the same as(或similar to, like，different from)+代(名)词等。如: This book is the same as that one.这本书和那本一样。2.“超过”的比较(1)…比较级+than…
Health is more important than wealth.健康比财富更重要。
(2)…more than…与其说……不如说…… She is more wise than diligent.＝She is wise rather than diligent.与其说她勤勉不如说聪明。
(3)比较级+and+比较级
……越来越……
She is growing fatter and fatter.她长得越来越胖了。(4)the+比较级，the+比较级 ……越……就越…… The more he reads，the less he understands.他越读越不明白。3.“不及”的比较
(1)…less+原级+than…(＝not so+原级+as…)Helen is less busy than Mary.海伦没有玛丽忙。
＝Helen is not so busy as Mary.海伦不像玛丽那样忙。(2)no more＝only 不过，仅仅 not more than＝at most最多
I have no more than ten dollars in my pocket.我口袋里只有10美元。
I have not more than dollars in my pocket.我口袋里量多也不过10美元。
(3)no more…than＝not…any more than和……样不…… not more…than＝not…as没有到……的程度，像……那样 He is no more generous than John.＝He is not generous any more than John.他和约翰一样不大方
He is no more a fool than John.＝He is not a fool any more than John.他和约翰一样不是傻瓜。
注意：no+比较级+than…表示前者和后者一样不……，往往表示前后都否定。(4)no less than＝as much(or many)as多达，……那样多 not less than＝at least最少
He has no less, than five children.＝He has as many as five children.他有5个孩子之多。
He had not less than five children.＝He has at least five children.他至少有5个孩子。(5)no less…than＝as…as和……一样 not less+原级+than＝perhaps+比较级+than至少不比……差；也许比……更…… He is no less busy than a bee ＝He is as busy as a bee.他像蜜蜂一样忙。小窍门：级与级转换
·原级与比较级之间的转换：可用“less+比较级+than”替换“not so/as+原级”。·比较级之间的转换：常改变比较对象的位置或使用反义词。·最高级与比较级之间的转换：
①用“比较级+than + any other+名词单数”。②用“比较级+than+a11 the other+名词复数”。
③用“比较级+than +anyone/anybody或anything + else”。④用“否定词+比较级+than”。⑤用“否定词+as/so+原级+as”。4.“最……”的比较
(1)…the+最高级(+单数名词one)+of+人或物(复数)/in+场所(单数)The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河。
(2)…thee+最高级+单数名词+that…(ever)He was the greatest musician that ever lived.他是世上最伟大的音乐家。
(3)…be +one of + the+最高级+复数名词(表若干最高级中之一)She is one of the most beautiful girls in our school.她是我们学校最漂亮的女孩之一。
一句多译 罗丝是她们班上最高的女生。Rose is taller than any other girl in her class.Rose is taller than any of the other girls in her class.Rose is taller than the other girls in her class..Rose is taller than the rest of the girls in her class.Rose is the tallest girl in her class.Rose is the tallest of the girls in her class.Nobody is taller than Rose in her class.注意：英语中表达最高级意义的几种特殊形式
①比较级+than any other+名词
Hydrogen is' lighter than any other chemical element of all.氢比其他任何化学元素都轻。②比较级+than+anyone else/anything else/ever before He is brighter than anyone else in his class.他比班上所有其他同学都聪明。③单数名词+of+同一名词复数
It is well-known to a11 that grain is the treasure of treasures.众所周知，粮食是宝中之宝(最宝贵的东西)。
④more+形容词原级+than the+同一形容词的名词 Xiao Li is more Chinese than the Chinese.小李是最地道的中国人。⑤as+原级+as any+(名词)He is as foolish any(man)in the world.他是世界上最愚蠢的人。
⑥as+原级+as ever+动词过去式
It was as disagreeable a task as had ever fallen on his lot.那是他一生中所遇到的工作中最不愉快的工作。
⑦never+…so/such+原级+名词
Never had such high honors been awarded to a nationalized Chinese in the USA过去从没有将这样高的荣誉授予一位美籍华人。
⑧否定意义的词+so+原级+as… Nothing is so easy as this.没有比这更容易的事情了。⑨否定意义的词+比较级
No other book has had a greater influence on my life 任何其他书籍对我一生的影响都不如这本书大。⑩否定意义的词+比较级+than…
Never have l read a more interesting book than this one.我从未读过比这更有趣的书。11be stone's+形容词最高级
He is at his happiest in his description of country life.他描写农村生活最拿手。5.其他形式的比较级句式
(1)be senior to 比……年龄大(类似于be older than)I am five years senior to Jane.我比简大5岁。(2)be junior to比……年轻(类似于be younger than)Jane is five years junior to me.简比我小5岁。(3)be superior to比……优秀(类似于be better than)This computer is superior to the one you bought，这台电脑比你买的那台要好。
(4)be inferior to比……差(类似于be worse than)This photo is inferior to that one.这张照片比那张差。
注意事项：
形容词比较级8注意
(1)as…as结构如果变为否定句，第一个as可改句so。She is not as/so beautiful as her mother.她不像她母亲那样漂亮。
(2)not so much as＝not even连……都不He can not so much as spell his own name.＝He can not even spell his own name.他连自己的姓名都拼不出来。
(3)在“比较级+them”结构中，非正式用法用I am taller than him.(此时than被视为介词)，正式用法为I am taller than he(is)。但是than后用主格或宾格的意义不同。如：
I like you better than he(likes you)，我喜欢你甚于他喜欢你。
I like you better than(I like)him.我喜欢你甚于我喜欢他。
(4)有时用of the two代替than，不过要在比较级前加the。如： Which is the more useful(metal)，iron or gold? 铁和金，哪一个比较有用些?(5)原级之前不可用much，要用very；比较级之前不能用very，要用much或far等。如： 正：This is much/far bigger than that.这个远比那个大。
正：This is very much bigger than that.这个远比那个大。
误：This is very bigger than that.这个远比那个大。(6)最高级之前有所有格名词或代词时不加the。如 She is my/John's youngest sister.她是我/约翰的最小的妹妹。
(7)most若作“大部分”或“大多数”解时，则不用the。如： Most People think so.大部分人都这么想。(8)能够修饰比较级的词语主要有：much，far，a great deal，a little，even，still，yet，a lot，a bit，rather，twice，many times及分数、百分数以及数词等。如：
He is three years older than I.＝He is older than I by three years.他大我三岁。
形容词常用习语
1.含形容词比较级的习语
sooner or later迟早
more or less多少，有点
none other than不是别人，正是……
much less更不必说……了[否定] on more没有剩……了
once more(＝once again)再一遍 more than once(＝often)不止一次
some more还有一些，再来一些 a little more还有一点点
plenty more还很多
no more than仅仅
not…any more than和……一样不 not more…than没有……那样
no less than和……一样多 not less than至少
more than(＝over)超过
one more还有一个，再来一个
any more还有一些，再来一些
a few more还有几个
no more…than…和……一样不
not more than至多
less than不到，少于
no less…than不比……差
not less…than至少不比……差 a11 the+比较级 格外，越发 2.含形容词最高级的习语
at first起初
at last最后
at(the)latest最迟
at(the)most最多不过 at least至少
at best充其量不过
at one's best尽力
for the most part多半，大部分
make the most(or best)of善为利用
not in the least＝not at all丝毫也不 at(the)worst最坏也不过
at(the)longest最久不过
“at one's best 在全盛时期，在最好的状态
get/have the best of击败
Step2: Summary
Step3: Homework
Step4:板书设计
教学反思：
第四篇：初中英语语法介词教案
第7单元 介词
（一）表示时间的介词
1． at表示时间点，at six o'clock, at noon；
on表示特定日子，如on Children's Day；
in表示一段时间，in the morning.
『例』She'll be back in an hour.
He came back after a month.in “+”一段时间与动词将来时连用，表示过一段时间之后； after“+”一段时间用于过去时，指一段时间后。2．During表示期间的某个时期
『例』It rained several times during the night. for表示多长时间
『例』It has rained for two hours. through表示整个期间
『例』It rained all through the night.
3．till, by, before, after表示时间期限或先后 『例』I'll be here till seven. I'll be home by six.
I'll be here before seven. 4．from, since表示时间起点
『例』They have lived here since 1985. I haven't seen her from then on.
（二）at, in, on, under, behind, by, near, between可表示场所，into, out of, along.across, through可表示方向，with, in, by, like, from可表示手段、材料等 『例』She is sitting by the window.
Sam got out of the lift and ran quickly to the man. We smell with our noses.
（三）介词与动词搭配如：look at, arrive in/at etc. 介词与形容词搭配如：be interested in, be kind to, etc. 介词与名词搭配如：at least, by the way
注意几组介词的区别：on, above, over与below，under, among与between, across与through，about与on
1．on的同义词是above, over, above是指斜上方，over指正上方，其反义词是below, under;below是指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物正下方，其反义词是above；under是指在某物的正下方有垂直在下的意思，其反义词是over。
2．among是指三个或三个以上之间，between是指两者之间。
3．across与through都有“穿过”之意，都可指从一定范围的一边到另一边，across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的；through与in有关，表示动作是在某一物体的空间里进行的。
第五篇：中考英语复习介词教案
介词
介词的概念
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。常用介词
about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.I have bought a book about Shakespearean.我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.图片里大约有十五棵树。above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.The plane is flying above the clouds.飞机在云上飞行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.我想那人有六十多岁了。
across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.Can you swim across the river？ 你能游过河吗？
We live across the street.我们住在街的对面。
after 在...后面,依照.He went home after school.他放学后就回家了。
Read after me, please.请跟我朗读。
against 撞到，靠着,反对,违背，The car hit against the tree.汽车撞了树。
He is standing against the wall.他靠墙站着。
along 沿着,顺着.They are walking along the river.他们沿着河行走。
among 在...当中.He is the tallest among them.他是他们当中个子最高的。
around 在...的周围,在...那一边.They sat around the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
There is a drugstore around the corner.拐角处有一家药店。
as 作为.He doesn't like people treat him as a child.他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(卖)...钱, He always gets up at six in the morning.他时常早上六点钟起床。
He shot at the bird but missed it.他向鸟射击，但是没射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
He took a picture before the car.他在汽车前照了张照片。He can't finish his work before supper.晚饭前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，迟于,晚于(时间)Are there any brooms behind the door.门后有扫帚吗？
All of us are behind him in mathematics.我们数学都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于，There are four lights below the ceiling.天花板下面有四盏灯。
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.He found the body beside the river.他在河边发现了尸体。
Beside yours，my computer is too slow.与你的计算机速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外，We are all here besides Bowe.除鲍外，我们也都来了。
between 在...两者之间，The relations between the two countries has improved since then.两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
beyond 在...那边，The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.你要找的商店在街的那边，你不会找不到的。
but 除去.He has nothing but money.他除钱以外什么都没有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.教室由学生们打扫干净了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air.露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
down 沿着...望下。
She walked down the street.她沿着街道走。
during 在...期间,在...时候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.我们假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.他除英语以外什么都不知道。
for 为..., 因为..., 至于...。
He works for this company.他为这家公司工作。
She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
Where are you from? 你是哪里人？
He died from an accident.他死于一场事故。
in 在..., 在...之内，从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
He was born in 1992.他生于1992年。
I could finish the program in two weeks.我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
He spend less time in reading.他读书时间很少。
The man in black jacket is our teacher.穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
like 象...，如同...。
The twins are like their father.双胞胎像他们的父亲。
near 靠近....。
There are some flowers near the house.房子附近有一些花。
of...的，属于...。
This is a map of China.这是一张中国地图。
off 离开...，在...之外。
The young man got off the train quickly.那个年青人很快下了火车。
I live in a village a little way off the main road.我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
on 在...之上。
My book is on the table.我的书在桌子上。
out of 从...出来，在...之外。
The dog run out of the house.狗从房子里跑出来。
outside...外边.They are waiting outside the gate.他们在门外等着。
over 在...之上，遍于...之上，越过...。
There is a light over the desk.桌子上方有盏灯。
He is over sixty years old.他有六十多岁。
past 越过...，过...，超越...。
The students walked past the post office.学生们走过了邮局。
It is ten past two.现在是两点十分。
round 围着...，绕过...，在...周围。
We sat round the table.我们围着桌子坐下。
The earth goes round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
since 自...以后，自...以来。
He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.从他来到大学后，他的英语有了很大进步。
through 经过...，穿过...。
They went through the forest.他们穿过了森林。
throughout 遍及...，在各处。
The police searched for the criminal throughout the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。
till 直到...，在...以前。
He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.他直到十一点钟才回来。
We'll be home till six.六点以前我们都会在家。
to 到...，向...，趋于。
How long is it from here to the station？ 从这儿到车站有多远？
under 在...之下，低于。
There are some footballs under the bed.床底下有几颗足球。
These students are under seventeen years old.这些学生们不到十七岁。
until 直到，在...以前，Please wait for us until we come back.请等着我们回来。
It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.直到上周，我才交了数学论文。
up 在...上面，在...上。
He went up the stairs.他上了楼梯。
upon 在...之上，迫近...。
It's not polite to look down upon him.蔑视他是不礼貌的。
within 在...之内。
You must finish the work within two weeks.你必须两周内完成这项工作。
without 没有，不，在...之外。
We can't do it better without your help.没有你的帮助，我们就做不好。
We couldn't live without air and water.没有空气和水，我们就不可能生存。
介词归类
一、表示地理位置的介词：(1)at ,in, on, to at(1)表示在小地方;(2)表示“在„„附近，旁边” in(1)表示 在大地方;(2)表示“在„范围之内”。on 表示毗邻，接壤
to 表示在„„范围外，不强调是否接壤 例句：He arrived at the station at ten.He is sitting at the desk.He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies in the east of China.Russia lies on the north of China.Fujian is to the south of Jiangsu Province.(2)above, over, on 在„„上
above 指在„„上方,不强调是否垂直，与 below相对；
over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间，不直接接触。on表示某物体上面并与之接触。
例句：The bird is flying above my head.There is a bridge over the river.He put his watch on the desk.(3)below, under 在„„下面
under表示在„正下方
below表示在„„下，不一定在正下方
例句 There is a cat under the table.Please write your name below the line.二、表示时间的介词：(1)in , on，at 在„„时
in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如：in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。
on表示具体某一天及某一天的早、中、晚。
如：on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。
at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。
如: at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of „, at the age of „, at Christmas，at night, at noon, at this moment等。
注意：在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如：We meet every day.(2)in, after 在„„之后
“in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后； “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后； “after+将来点时间”表示将来的某一时刻以后。
例句：My mother will come back in three or four days.He arrived after five months.She will appear after five o’clock this afternoon.(3)from, since 自从„„
from仅说明什么时候开始，不说明某动作或情况持续多久； since表示某动作或情况持续至说话时刻，通常与完成时连用。
例句：He studied the piano from the age of three.They have lived here since 1978.(4)after, behind 在„„之后 after主要用于表示时间； behind主要用于表示位置。
例句：We shall leave after lunch.Lucy is hiding behind an old house.三、表运动方向的介词：
across, through 通过，穿过
across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关； through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。
例句：She swam across the river.He walked through the forest.四、表示“在„„之间”的介词：
between, among between指在两个人或两个事物之间； among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。
例句：There is a football match between Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is standing among the students.五、表示其他意义的介词：
(1)on ,about 关于
on 表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读； about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。
例句：There will be a lecture on economics this afternoon.He is writing a book on cooking.He told me a lot about his life in the summer vocation.(2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具
by 以„„方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；
with 表示用 „工具、手段，一般接具体的工具和手段； in 表示用„方式，用„语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；
例句：He makes a living by selling newspapers.He broke the window with a stone.The foreigner spoke to us in English.(3)except, besides 除了
except 除„„之外，不包括在内；
besides 除„„之外，包括在内。
例句：Except Mr.Wang, we went to see the film.(王先生没去)Besides Mr.Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)
早、午、晚要用 in，例：in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间
at midnight 在午夜
（零冠词）at six o'clock 在6点钟
at half past eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15 分
five minutes after two 2点过5分
at a quarter to two 1点45分
年、月、年月、季节、周，阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。例； in 1988
in April
in December, 1986
in spring
in summer
in autumn in winter
in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周
Don't read in dim light.切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light.他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。They are sitting in the shade of a tree.他们坐在树阴下乘凉。a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
He went in the rain to meet me at the station.他冒雨到车站去接我。
The poor dressed(clothed)in rags in old society.旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛． a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
the woman in white(black, red, yellow)穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女 in uniform 穿着制服
in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态 in...以后，地点小处 at 大处 in。
例:
They will come back in 10 days.他们将10天以后回来。I'll come round in a day or two.我一两天就回来。We'll be back in no time.我们一会儿就回来。
Come and see me in two days' time.两天后来看我。(从现在开始)Li and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound, all is well.Don't worry.李和我平安地到达黑山县，一切很好，勿念。
I live in a great city(big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village.我住在大城市，我姐姐住在一个小城镇，而我的父母则住在农村。I'm in Liaoning, at Anshan.我住在辽宁省鞍山市．
有形 with 无形 by，语言、单位、材料 in。
例：
The workers are paving a road with stone.工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen.这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)“Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera.<<智取威虎山>>是—出好戏。(无形)The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil.这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法——无形)I really can't express my idea in English freely in-deed．
我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in)I wrote a novel in Russian.我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system． 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in)The length is measured in meter, kilometer, and centimeter.长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)This board was cast in bronze not in gold.这个牌匾是铜铸的，不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式，心情成语惯用 in。
特征或状态： 例:
They found the patient in a coma.他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。He has not been in good health for some years.他几年来身体一直不好。
Many who came in despair went away in hope.许多人带着绝望情绪而来，却满怀希望而去。The house was in ruins.这房屋成了废墟。
The poor girl was in tears.这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。His shoes were in holes.他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
I only said it in fun.我说这话只是开玩笑的。
She spoke in grief rather than in anger.与其说她讲得很气愤，不如说她讲得很伤心。in jest 诙谐地，in joke 开玩笑地，in spite 恶意地，in fairness 公正地，in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大，in sorrow 伤心地等。
His mind was in great confusion.他脑子里很乱。Today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.今天大家都兴高采烈，没有一个情绪低落的。
She and her classmates are in flower ages.她和她的同学都正值妙龄。The campaign was in full swing.运动正值高潮中。方面： 例：
They are never backward in giving their views.他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。The backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
A good teacher must be an example in study.一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
方式： 例：
All the speeches were taken down in shorthand.所有报告都用速记记录下来了。The Party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
惯用 in 短语： in all 总计
in advance 事前
in the meantime 与此同时 in place 适当地
in hopes of(或 in the hope of)怀着„„希望 in connection with 和„„有关 in contact with 和„„联系 in addition to 除„„以外 in case of 倘若，万一 in conflict with 和„„冲突 in force 有效的，大批
in depth 彻底地
in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近in retrospect 回顾，一想起 in behalf of 代表„„利益 in the least 一点，丝毫 in alarm 惊慌、担心 in the opinion of 据„„见解 in the long run 从长远说来 in one's opinion 在„„看来 in word 口头上 in a word 总之
in vain 无益地, 白白地 in case 如果，万一，以防 in detail 详细地 in conclusion 总之 in spite of 尽管
in other words „ 换句话说 in return 作为回报
in the name of 以„„名义 be confident in 对„„有信心 be interested in 对„„感兴趣 in doubt 怀疑 in love 恋爱中 in debt 负债
in fun(jest、joke)玩笑地 in hesitation 犹豫不决
in wonder 在惊奇中
in public(secret)公开他(秘密地)in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
介词 at 和 to 表方向，攻击、位置，恶、善分。
介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向;用 at 表示方向时，侧重于攻击的目标，往往表示恶意；用to 表示方向时，突出运动的位置或动作的对象，侧重表示善意。1.A．She came at me.她向我扑过来。B．She came to me.她向我走过来。2．A．Jake ran at John.杰克向约翰扑过去。B．Jake ran to John.杰克朝约翰跑去。
3．A.He rushed at the woman with a sword.他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。B.He rushed to the woman with a sword.他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。4．A．He shouted at the old man.他大声喝斥那老人。B.He shouted to the old man.他大声向那老人说。5．A.She talked at you just now.她刚才还说你坏话呢。B．She talked to you just now.她刚才还同你谈话呢.6．A．He presented a pistol at me.他用手枪对着我。B．He presented a pistol to me.他赠送我一支手枪。t
日子、日期、年月日，星期加上早、午、晚，例:
on October the first 1949 on May the first
on the second of January
on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚 on New Year's Day 在元旦 on my birthday 在我的生日 on May Day 在“五·一”节 on winter day 在冬天 on Sunday 在星期天 on Monday 在星期一
on Tuesday morning 星期二早晨 on Saturday afternoon 星期六下午 on Friday evening 星期五晚上 on t the morning of 18th 18日早晨 on the evening of 4th 4日晚上
in the Christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期;in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪;in ancient times 在古代;in earlier times 在早期;in modern times 在现代 则用 in，at the present time 现在，at the present day 当今
则用 at。
收音、农场、值日 on，关于、基础、靠、著论。例：
Did you like the story on the radio last night? 你喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗? on TV 从电视里„„
hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
The students are working on a school farm.学生们正在校办农场劳动。This is a farmer's house on a farm.这是农场的农舍。Who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日? We go on duty at 8 a.m.我们上午8点钟上班。
This afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
Professor Shen will give us a talk on traveling in America.申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。The belief is based on practical experience.这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
Theory must be based on practice.理论必须以实践为基础。The people in the south live on rice.南方人主食大米。(靠)The citizens live on their salaries.城市人靠薪金生活。He is just a thief, who lives on other people.他正是一个小偷，专靠损害别人过日子。
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假，故意、支付、相反，准、左右。（on）例：
The house next to mine was on fire.我邻居的房子着火了。The workers of the railway station were on strike.铁路工人罢工了。Grapes and big water melons from Sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
Do something on the sly(quiet).秘密地(暗地里，偷偷地)做某事。I've come here on business.我是有公事来的。
They went to Bern on a mission.他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。I'll go home on leave next month.下月我将休假回家。She came to see you on purpose.她是专程来看你的。This lunch is on me.“这顿午饭我付钱。”
On the contrary, it was very easy to understand.相反，这事儿很容易理解。P1ease come on time.(on schedule).请准时来。on the left, right 向左向右
步行、驴、马、玩笑 on，cab，carriage 则用 in。例：
On foot 步行;on horse 骑马;on donkey 骑驴。
The soldier of the Eighth Route Army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit.为赶上部队，那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。Go on horse back!骑马去！
You are having me on!你和我开玩笑呢!in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。
at 山脚、门口、在当前，速、温、日落、价、核心，始末。例：
At the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.在山脚下，有我们30 个同志。There is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill.山脚下有一个美丽的湖。At the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
Who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口? I don't need the dictionary at present.我现在还不需要这本词典。The train runs at fifty kilometers an hour.火车每小时行驶50 公里。at home 在国内，在家里
at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度
Water freezes at 0°centigrade.水在摄氏零度结冰。at a good price 高价 at a low cost 低成本
The soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。at daybreak 日出时 The force at the core leading our cause forward is the Chinese Communist Party.领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
At the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us.这学期开始，我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。常用的 at 短语有: at first 首先，开始时 at least 至少
at all events 无论如何 at home 在家，无拘束 at a loss 不知怎办 at the risk of 冒„„危险 at a great expense 以巨大费用 at the sight of 一见到 at sixteen 在16岁时 at the present stage 在现阶段 at the weekend 周末
at 405 Victory Road 在胜利路405号
工具、和、同随 with，具有、原因。
例：
We write with ball pens.我们用油笔写字。(工具)Theory must go hand in hand with practice.理论必须同实践相结合。(同)He is talking with friends.他正同朋友们谈话。(同)I'm with you.我同意你。
The socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)They sail with the wind.他们顺风航行。(随着)China is a very large country with a long history.中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)China is a country with a population of ten billion people.中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。（具有）
The evil landlord was trembling with fear.那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)My wife's hands were rough with work.我爱人因为老干活，手很租糙。(原因)．
就„„来说宾译主，对、有、方状、表细分。例：
How are the things with you? 你情况怎样？ What's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦? What is the matter with you? 怎么回事?
Parents must be strict with their children.父母对子女要严格。(对)The doctor was very patient with his patients.那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对)I'm quite satisfied with your answer.我对你的回答很满意。(对)These apartment houses are for workers with families.这些住宅楼是给有家属的工人盖的。He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构
They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.它们是高度机械化的农场，所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构
海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by，单数、人类 know to man。例:
by land(air, sea, water, bus)陆路(航空，水陆，水路，乘公共汽车)by chance 偶然
by accident 偶然，无意中
by way of 经由
The book was written by Mr.Zhang.这本书是张先生写的。(被动)That in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man.1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。
接年、月、季、星期、周，介词省略已习惯。例：
一天 one day(不说 on one day)one summer 在一个夏天 one year 一年 last night 昨天夜里 last Friday 上个星期五 last month 上月
yesterday afternoon 昨天下午 tomorrow afternoon 明天下午 tomorrow evening 明天晚上 next week 下周 next year 明年
next Saturday 下星期六 this year 今年
this Tuesday 本星期二 that evening 那天晚上
over、under 正上下，above、below 则不然，例：
There is a picture over the window.窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方)The plane flew above the city.飞机飞过城市上空。（高于城市并非正上方)A lamp was hanging over the table.一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方)There is a small building below the hill.山下有座小楼房。(非正下方)There is a submarine under the water.水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方)The peasants are cooling themselves under the trees.农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方)The temperature in the room is below(or under)30℃.室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可)Do you have anything in the way of computers below(under)$10000? 你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?（数量词两者皆可〕 beyond 超出、无、不能，against 靠着，对与反。
例：
It's quite beyond me(It is more than I can understand).这我完全不懂。Don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock.不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。Your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。
That is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.那样开玩笑太过火了。
This is inevitable and beyond all doubts.这是必然的，毫无疑义的。(无)She leaned wearily against the railings.她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)besides，except 分内外，among 之内 along 沿。例：
The design has many other advantages besides lower cost.除费用低外，该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内)Every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition.除她外，我们都去参观了展览会。Nobody was late except me.除我以外，没人迟到。
同类比较 except，加 for 异类记心间。
He's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.他的这篇作文写得很好，只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用 except for)
原状 because of, owing to，due to 表语形容词。例：
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.由于我们的共同努力，任务提前完成了。
注：Owing to 和 because of 都做原因状语，而 due to 只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。
AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.我们的一切成绩都归功于党。(due to 做表语形容词)
Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物、化分。
例：
The road is under repair now．这条路正在修建中。
The now railway is still under construction.新铁路尚在修筑中。under discussion 在讨论中
under considerate 在考虑中
The desk is made of wood.桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用 of)The wine is made from grape.这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化用 from)
Before，after 表一点, ago，later 表一段。例：
晚饭前 before supper 解放前 before liberation 1970 年前 before 1970 文革前 before cultural revolution 国庆前 before National Day 入大学前 before coming to college 一分钟前 a minute ago 半小时前 half an hour ago 两天前 two days ago 一星期前 a week ago 五年前 five years ago before 能接完成时，ago 过去极有限。例：
We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.我们刚离开学校，天就下雨了。(完成时)I had studied French for four months before I came here.我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。(before 接完成时)He fell ill three days ago.他病了三天了。
He left two months ago.两个月前他离开了。I met her a few minutes ago.我在几分钟前碰到他了。since 以来 during 间
与之相比 beside，除了 last but one。例：
I felt so weak in spoken English beside them.和他们相比，我感到我的口语太差。Beside work and study, all else was trivial.同工作和学习比起来，其他一切都是小事。I haven't told anybody but one.除了我爱人，我谁也没告诉。(除了)Look at the last page but one.请看倒数第2页。
He was the last but three in maths examination this time.他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
复不定 for、找、价、原，对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
复不定 for，即用 for 引出的不定式复合结构，也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式；找，意为找到，提供;价，意为价格、工资；原，意为原因；段，意为时间或距离;去，意为去某地或开往某地；作，意为作为;赞，意为赞成(用于系表结构。)例：It is high time for us to start.我们不该再迟延了。
The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine.我想她学医不适合。My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.我的家乡变化太大，简直认不出来了。
以上例句都是 for 在不定式复合结构中的用法。
Someone is asking for you on the telephone.有人找你接电话。(找)You'd better write to me for more information about it.如需更多这方面的资科和信息，你最好给我写信。(提问，索要)They worked in the company for 200 Yuan a month.他们在这个公司干活，每月嫌200元。(价格)How much did you pay for the second-hand color TV? 这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱？(价格)Thank you very much for your coming.谢谢您的光临。(原因)Forgive me for being tardy.请原谅我迟到了。(原因)I'm much obliged to you for telling me.非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)We have boundless admiration for your struggle.对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)There is a telegram for Mr.Wang.这有一份王先生的电报。(给)May I use it for a minute? 我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)I followed the stealer for some distance.我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离)The ship was for Dalian.这破船开往大连。(去某地)We are off for Shanghai tomorrow.明天我们去上海。(去某地)The medicine is for reducing your temperature.这药是退烧的。(为„„目的)After breakfast, I'll go for a stroll round the town.吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为„„目的)I'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir.我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)It is only meant for a joke.这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)We are all for cutting down the cost of production.我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向 towards 例：
It's getting on towards the end of term now.现在已快到学期未了。(快到)Towards midnight my husband came back.快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)Our teacher was very lenient towards us.我们的老师对我们很松。(对)What you have in vented is really a big contribution towards our company.你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)The boy came running towards his mother.那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
but for 若不是
But for our great Communist Party, we could never have today's happiness.其他
in general 一般说来 in short 简言之
in other words 换言之 in my opinion 依我看 in simple words 简言之 on the whole 基本上 for instance 例如 for short 简称 after all 毕竟 above all 首先
by appearance 从外表
by the aid of 借„„的帮助 by far „„得多
by course of „„照„„常例 by reason of 由于 by request 应邀
by right of 由于凭借 out of date 过时
out of harmony with 与„„不一致 out of reach 力量不及 out of one's wits 不知所措 out of question 没问题 out of the question 不可能的 to a great extent 很大程度上 to one's taste 合„„胃口 to one's thinking 据„„看来 behind the times 过时的 beyond description 无法形容 beyond reason 毫无道理
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