英语翻译

第一篇：英语翻译

Air pollution is one of the major problems of the modern world.A great deal of energy is needed to run the factories of modern industrial nations.Automobile, trains, planes and busses need energy, too.Nearly all of this energy is produced by burning fuels.The burning produces wastes, some of which remain in the air, causing air pollution.中国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国。大约 78% 的电力、60% 的民用商品能源以及 70% 的化工原料均靠煤。煤的直接燃烧是中国最重要的人为空气污染源。

中国摩托车的生产占世界第一，汽车生产占世界第 11 位。尽管用车的数量远远低于发达国家，但国产车每公里排放的空气污染物却是欧洲车的 3 到 5 倍。因为中国城市的道路系统设施低劣，城区的车速比发达国家低得多。道路面积只占上海市总面积的 3.6%，而东京则占总面积的 14.1%。

中国汽车数目将在未来十五年内跃升四倍，所以融合最新技术的智能汽车将成为解决中国空气污染和能源问题的关键。

根据中国国家环境保护总局资料，到二零零六年，在道路上行驶的汽车预计将增加到三千三百万辆，到二零二零年更将跳升至一亿三千一百万辆，由此可能引发的空气污染和能源短缺问题实在不容忽视。

1997 年，中国工业烟尘排放量达 684.6万t，工业粉尘排放量为 548.4万t，其中乡镇企业占了很大比例。

建筑工地和拆迁工地以及机动车夹带的道路扬尘是逸散尘的重要来源。中国北方由于植被被破坏（包括毁林、垦荒和草原过度放牧）形成的沙尘暴也是不可忽视的污染源，尤其是春季。

城市垃圾和郊区农业废弃物的焚烧也是空气污染的一个潜在污染源，会散发二恶英（dioxins）、多环芳烃等致癌物。

空气污染造成诸多方面的损失

中国城市空气污染造成的损失主要包括：室外与室内空气污染造成的健康损失（尤其是慢性支气管炎）、酸沉降引起的作物与森林的损失、材料腐蚀、颗粒物中高的铅含量导致儿童的神经系统损伤与智力下降。世界银行 1997 年发表的结果指出，中国空气污染导致较高的日死亡率。空气污染超标带来的损失--包括提前死亡、患病、生产资料及城市建筑的损失，按人力资源的算法估计占 GDP 的 2.9%。

中国卫生部已认定慢性障碍性的呼吸道疾病是中国前导的死因之一，据统计占死亡的 1/4 以上。

减缓空气污染采取的主要措施

减缓空气污染措施首要是由燃煤改为燃气（包括天然气、煤气和液化石油气）、集中供热以及水力发电等。中国城市内已有 1.47 亿居民炊事用上了燃气，城市内用气普及率达到 75.7%。

减少机动车排污的技术措施主要有禁用含铅汽油，汽车安装催化转化箱，新车装电喷系统等。北京、上海、重庆、哈尔滨，已经改装了 300 到 5000 辆公共汽车，使用天然气或液化石油气作燃料。北京有不少出租车改为两用燃料。科技部及 UNDP 还支持燃料电池车的示范。

北京等大城市必须控制人口

最值得注意的是，城市人口的骤增，更加重了都市的空气污染，它需要额外的能耗，包括为发电耗费更多的煤和为机动车提供更多的油。都市化过程带来 6%～7% 的年均人口增长率，导致郊区新住宅区的出现和新建的燃煤供热锅炉和为数众多的建筑工地。这些建筑工地缺乏有效的扬尘/逸尘的控制措施。这些人为的活动抵消了家庭能源从煤改成到气体燃料带来的环境改善。北京市政府近两年来花费很多财力和人力，采取 93 项紧急措施，在市区进一步将炊事用煤改用天然气，取暖改为集中供热，并将工厂搬往郊区县。但北京市总的耗煤量并没有减少太多。1999 年北京全市包括郊区县，煤消耗量仍然有 1600万t。在城乡交接地区出现更多的低矮新污染源。由于大气扩散和热岛效应，二氧化硫与细小颗粒物仍然能扩散到市区，影响市区空气质量。1999 年北京长期居住的外来人口达 180 万，大多数打工人口居住在城乡交接地。他们炊事没有煤气天然气，取暖用煤炉，为数众多的小煤炉并没有消灭。控制城市人口是必要的。

为达到空气更好、天更蓝、水更绿的目标，北京大致进行了五方面的工作。第一，改善北京的能源结构，从烧煤为主到烧天然气，引进陕甘天然气第二条管线正在铺设；第二，对严重的污染性企业下决心进行搬迁并在搬迁过程当中进行技术改造，如首钢已将相当一部分厂区搬迁至河北省，并在此过程中进行了技术改造，减少了污染；第三，对北京的汽车尾气排放实行严于国家标准的排放标准，目前实行的是欧洲二号标准，明年将实行欧洲三号标准的尾气排放；第四，将北京市四环以内的所有烧煤炉更替为烧电、气，减少污染；第五，开展大规模的绿化、美化、植树造林等工作，使北京生态环境更加良好，使北京居民的生活质量有所提高。

另外，调整能源收费价格，抑制劣质煤的使用；调整排污收费，提高企业治理污染的积极性；提高公众、尤其是官员关注空气质量的意识和自觉性、加强环境经济培训等，都是应当进行的工作。尽管中国正在通过控制工业污染来放缓空气质量恶化的速度，而对汽车的狂热却在妨碍对污染状况做进一步的改善。

中国国家环保总局污染控制司的副司长李新民说，目前中国的公路上有2700万辆汽车，而且，每年都有400-500万辆新的轿车或卡车加入这一行列。过去20年，中国的年均经济增长达到了9.4%，为了满足工业生产对电力的需求，煤炭供应需要稳定增长。中国能源的67%来源于煤炭。为了跟上需求，中国的煤炭生产者所提供的煤炭质量在下降，污染性越来越大。他说，中国目前生产的煤炭的含硫量已经达到了1%，更多的硫被释放到空气中。

二氧化硫是一种主要的污染物，是造成全球变暖的温室气体之一。以目前的趋势发展，到2025年，中国将超越美国而成为世界最大的温室气体排放国。

大气污染源可分为自然的和人为的两大类。自然污染源是由于自然原因（如火山爆发，森林火灾等）而形成，人为污染源是由于人们从事生产和生活活动而形成。在人为污染源中，又可分为固定的（如烟囱、工业排气筒）和移动的（如汽车、火车、飞机、轮船）两种。由于人为污染源普通和经常地存在，所以比起自然污染源来更为人们所密切关注。大气主要污染源有：

⑴ 工业企业 工业企业是大气污染的主要来源，也是大气卫生防护工作的重点之一。随着工业的迅速发展，大气污染物的种类和数量日益增多。由于工业企业的性质、规模、工艺过程、原料和产品种类等不同，其对大气污染的程度也不同。

⑵ 生活炉灶与采暖锅炉 在居住区里，随着人口的集中，大量的民用生活炉灶和采暖锅炉也需要耗用大量的煤炭，特别在冬季采暖时间，往往使受污染地区烟雾弥漫，这也是一种不容忽视的大气污染源。

⑶ 交通运输近几十年来，由于交通运输事业的发展，城市行驶的汽车日益增多，火车、轮船、飞机等客货运输频繁，这些又给城市增加了新的大气污染源。其中具有重要意义的是汽车排出的废气。汽车污染大气的特点是排出的污染物距人们的呼吸带很近，能直接被人吸入。汽车内燃机排出的废气中主要含有一氧化碳、氮氧化物、烃类（碳氢化合物）、铅化合物等。

（二）大气污染的危害与影响 大气污染对人类及其生存环境造成的危害与影响，已逐渐为人们所认识，归结起来有如下几个方面： ①对人体健康的危害。人体受害有三条途径，即吸入污染空气、表面皮肤接触污染 空气和食入含大气污染物的食物，除可引起呼吸道和肺部疾病外，还可对心血管系统、肝等产生危害，严重的可夺去人的生命。②对生物的危害。动物因吸入污染空气或吃含污染物食物而发病或死亡，大气污染 物可使植物抗病力下降、影响生长发育、叶面产生伤斑或枯萎死亡。③对物品的危害。如对纺织衣物、皮革、金属制品、建筑材料、文化艺术品等，造 成化学性损害和玷污损害。④造成酸性降雨，对农业、林业、淡水养殖业等产生不利影响。⑤破坏高空臭氧层，形成臭氧空洞，对人类和生物的生存环境产生危害。⑥对全球气候产生影响，如二氧化碳等温室气体的增多会导致地球大气增暧，导致 全球天气灾害增多，又如烟尘等气溶胶粒子增多，使大气混浊度增加，减弱太阳辐射，影响地球长波辐射，可能导致天气气候异常。如何防治大气污染，减轻大气污染的危害与影响，构成了当今重大而紧迫的研究课题。China is the world's largest coal producer and consumer.About 78% of its electricity, 78% of civil commercial energy, as well as 70% of the chemical raw materials, are rely on coal.The direct combustion of coal is the most important human of air pollution in China.China's production of the world's first motorcycle, car production accounts for the 11th in the world.Although the number of cars is far lower than developed countries, but domestic emissions of air pollutants per kilometer is 3 to 5 times of European cars.Because of China's urban poor road system facilities, the city speed is much lower than the developed countries.Road area accounts for only 3.6% of the total area of Shanghai, while Tokyo accounts for 14.1% of the total area.China's car number four times will jump over the next 15 years, so the fusion of the latest technology smart cars will be the key to solve the problem of China's air pollution and energy.According to the state environmental protection administration of China, by 2006, on the road is expected to increase to thirty-three million cars, more will jump to one hundred and thirty-one million to one hundred and thirty-one million, which may cause air pollution and energy shortage problem is not allow to ignore.In 1997, China's industrial soot emissions of 6.846 million t, industrial dust emissions for 5.484 million t, the township enterprises accounted for a large proportion.Construction and demolition construction site and the entrainment of motor vehicle road is an important source of dust from dust.In northern China due to the destruction of vegetation(including deforestation, land reclamation and overgrazing grassland)formation of sandstorm is also an important pollution source, especially in spring.Urban garbage and suburban agricultural waste incineration is also a potential sources of pollution, air pollution will send out the dioxin(dioxins)and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons carcinogenic substance.Air pollution cause loss of many aspects The loss caused by air pollution in cities of China mainly includes: outdoor and indoor air pollution cause health damage(especially chronic bronchitis), the crops and forest loss caused by acid deposition, material corrosion, particles of high lead levels in children of neurological damage and reduced IQ.The world bank published in 1997, points out that the result of the China air pollution leads to higher mortality.Excess air pollution losses-including premature death, illness, production data and the loss of urban construction, according to human resources algorithm estimated at 2.9% of GDP.China's ministry of health has identified chronic obstructive respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of death in China, according to statistics, accounts for more than a quarter of death.The main measures to slow the air pollution Slow down air pollution measures first is from coal to gas(including natural gas, coal gas and liquefied petroleum gas), central heating, hydroelectric power, etc.China has 147 million residents in the city cooking using gas, gas within urban tele-density to 75.7%.The main technical measures to reduce the motor vehicle emission has banned leaded gasoline, automobile catalytic converter box installed, new car efi system and so on.Beijing, Shanghai, chongqing, Harbin, has been converted from 300 to 5000 bus, use natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas as fuel.Beijing has many taxi to dual fuel.Ministry of science and technology and demonstration of UNDP also supports fuel-cell cars.Big cities such as Beijing must control population is the most notable is, the urban population surge, is adding to the urban air pollution, it needs additional energy consumption, including coal for power generation cost more and more fuel for motor vehicles.Urbanization process bring 6% ~ 7% of the average annual population growth rate, lead to the emergence of new residential suburb and the new coal heating boilers and a large number of construction site.The lack of effective construction site dust/escape dust control measures.These human activities to offset the household energy from coal to gas fuel to the environment improvement.The Beijing municipal government spent a lot of money and manpower in the past two years, 93 emergency measures, the city will further cooking coal to gas, heating instead of central heating, and the factory moved to suburban county.But the total coal consumption of Beijing does not reduce too much.1999 Beijing including suburban county in the city, there are still 16 million t coal consumption.In the transition area between urban and rural areas have more low new pollution sources.Due to atmospheric diffusion and heat island effect, sulfur dioxide and fine particulate matter still can spread to the city, urban air quality.Long-term living in Beijing in 1999 the foreign population of 1.8 million, most of the working population living in urban and rural transition.They are not cooking gas, natural gas, heating stove, a large number of small coal stove does not.It is necessary to control the urban population.To achieve better air, day more blue, water is more green targets, Beijing for roughly five aspects.First, improve the energy structure of Beijing, mainly from burning coal to burning gas, introduced but so do dungans second pipeline of natural gas are laying;Second of all, the serious polluting enterprises and determined to be moved in the moving process of technical renovation, such as shougang has quite a number of factory moved to hebei province, and technical innovation in the process, reduce the pollution;Third, on vehicle emissions in Beijing implements the strict in the standard of national emission standards, current practice is the European ii standards, next year will be 3 standards emissions in Europe;Fourth, will all within Beijing sihuan burn coal stove for electricity, gas burning, reduce pollution;Fifth, large-scale afforestation and beautification, the afforestation work, make more good ecological environment in Beijing, Beijing residents' quality of life improved.In addition, the adjustment of energy price, inhibit the use of inferior coal;Adjust the pollution charge, boost the enthusiasm of the corporate governance of pollution;Public officials, especially pay attention to air quality awareness and consciousness, strengthen environmental economic training, etc., are all should carry out the work.Although China is through the control of industrial pollution to slow down the speed of deterioration of air quality, and enthusiasm about cars is to prevent pollution condition for further improvement.Deputy director general of China's state environmental protection administration in the department of pollution control, 'he said at present China's 27 million vehicles on the road, and, every year there are 400-5 million new cars or trucks into this category.Over the past 20 years, China's annual economic growth reached 9.4%, in order to meet the needs of industrial production of electricity, coal supply needs stable growth.67% of China's energy comes from coal.In order to keep up with demand, China's coal producers provided by a decline in coal quality, pollution is more and more big.He said that China's current production of the coal sulfur content has reached 1%, more sulfur is released into the air.Sulfur dioxide is one of the main pollutants, is one of the greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.On current trends, by 2025, China will overtake the United States to become the world's largest emitters of greenhouse gases.Air pollution can be divided into two categories, natural and man-made.Nature of pollution sources is due to natural reasons(such as volcanic eruptions and forest fires, etc.)and form, man-made pollution is formed due to the people engaged in production and life activities.In man-made pollution sources, and can be divided into fixed(e.g., chimney, industrial vent)and moving(e.g., cars, trains, planes, ships)two kinds.Because artificial pollution common and frequently, so compared to natural sources more people pay close attention to.Atmospheric main pollution sources include:(1)industrial business industry enterprise is the main source of atmospheric pollution, is also the emphasis of health protection work atmosphere.With the rapid development of industry, the amount and type of air pollutants are increasing.Due to the nature of the industrial enterprise, scale, technological process, raw material and product category is different, its degree of air pollution are also different.2 life stoves and heating boiler In residential areas, with the concentration of population, a large number of civilian life also need to cost a lot of coal stoves and heating boiler, especially in the time of heating in winter, often make the contaminated area smoke, this is also a kind of atmospheric pollution nots allow to ignore.(3)the transportation in recent decades, due to the development of transportation, urban driving cars is increasing, trains, ships, aircraft and other passenger and cargo transport frequently, these to add to the new urban atmospheric pollution sources.Which is of great significance is car exhaust fumes.Car is the characteristics of the atmospheric pollution discharge of the pollutants from people with breathing very close, can directly be inhaled.Automobile exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine mainly contains carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons(hydrocarbons), such as lead compounds.(2)the harm of air pollution and the influence of air pollution on human and environment caused by the harm and influence, has gradually been recognized, in the aggregate, has the following several aspects:(1)the harm to human health.Human suffering has three, pollute the air, surface skin contact with the air inhaled and eating food containing atmospheric pollutants, besides can cause respiratory and lung diseases, but also on the cardiovascular system, liver, etc, serious can take away the life.(2)the harm of biological.Animals because of the inhaled air pollution or eat foods containing pollutants and morbidity or mortality, atmospheric pollution content can make the plant disease resistance drop, influence the growth, leaf injury spot wither or die.(3)the harm of items.Such as the textile clothing, leather, metal products, construction materials, culture, art, etc., made into chemical damage and defiled damage.(4)cause acidic precipitation, such as agriculture, forestry, fresh water aquaculture.(5)destroys the high-altitude ozone layer, ozone hole formation, cause harm to human and biological survival environment.6.Impact on the global climate, such as the increase in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases will cause the earth's atmosphere warms, lead to increased global weather disasters, and aerosol particles such as smoke, increase the atmospheric turbidity, solar radiation, affect the longwave radiation, the earth, may lead to abnormal weather climate.How to prevention and control of atmospheric pollution, reduce the harm of air pollution and influence, constitute a major and urgent research subject.防治大气污染是一个庞大的系统工程,需要个人、集体、国家、乃至全球各国的共同努力，可考虑采取如下几方面措施： ①减少污染物排放量。多采用无污染能源（如太阳能、风能、水力发电）、改革能 源结构，用低污染能源（如天然气）、对燃料进行预处理（如烧煤前，先进行脱硫）、改进燃烧技术等均可减少排污量。另外，在污染物未进入大气之前，使用除尘消烟技 术、冷凝技术、液体吸收技术、回收处理技术等消除废气中的部分污染物，可减少进 入大气的污染物数量。②控制排放和充分利用大气自净能力。气象条件不同，大气对污染物的容量便不同，排入同样数量的污染物，造成的污染物浓度便不同。对于风力大、通风好、湍流盛、对流强的地区和时段，大气扩散稀释能力强，可接受较多厂矿企业地逆温的地区和时 段，大气扩散稀释能力弱，便不能接受较多的污染物，否则会造成严重大气污染。因 此应对不同地区、不同时段进行排放量的有效控制。③厂址选择、烟囱设计、城区与工业区规划等要合理，不要排放大户过渡集中，不 要造成重复迭加污染，形成局地严重污染事件发生。④ 绿化造林，使有更多植物吸收污染物，减轻大气污染程度。Prevention and control of atmospheric pollution is a huge system engineering, need to be individual and collective, national, and global joint efforts of all countries, can consider to take measures in the following aspects:(1)to reduce emissions.Use more pollution-free energy(such as solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectric power), reform can source structure, with low pollution energy(such as natural gas), pretreatment of fuel(such as coal desulfurization)before, such as improving combustion technology can reduce emissions.In addition, before the pollutants into the atmosphere not use dust smoke abatement technology, condensing technology, liquid absorption technology, recycling technology to eliminate some pollutants in the exhaust, and can reduce the amount of pollutants into the atmosphere.(2)to curb emissions and make full use of atmospheric self-purification ability.Different meteorological conditions, the capacity of the atmospheric pollutants, into the same amount of pollutants, the pollutant concentration was different.For wind, good ventilation, turbulence, strong convection area and time, atmospheric diffusion dilution ability is strong, can accept more corporations inversion region and period, atmospheric diffusion dilution ability is weak, cannot accept more pollutants, otherwise it will cause serious air pollution.Because of the response to different regions, different times for the effective control of emissions.(3)site selection, design of chimney, urban and industrial planning should be reasonable, don't emitters transition, not to cause repeated superposition pollution, formation of local serious pollution incident.(4)greening afforestation, make more plants absorb pollutants, reduce atmospheric pollution.监督supervision Supervise ① 温室效应：大气中的CO2和其他微量气体如甲烷、一氧化碳、臭氧、氟氯碳（CFCS）、水蒸气等可以使太阳短波辐射几乎无衰减的通过,但却可以吸收地表的长波辐射,由此引起全球气温升高的现象,称为“温室效应”.二氧化碳是最重要的温室气体.② 臭氧层破坏：O3层具有强烈吸收太阳紫外线的功能,从而保护地球上各种生命的存在、繁衍和发展.氟氯碳、NOX等物质是导致其破坏的主要原因.greenhouse effect of CO2 from the atmosphere and other trace gases such as methane, carbon monoxide and ozone, carbon chlorofluorocarbons(CFCS), water vapor can make the sun shortwave radiation almost no attenuation through, but it can absorb long-wave radiation on the surface of the earth, thus caused the phenomenon of global temperatures, referred to as the “greenhouse effect”.Carbon dioxide is one of the most important greenhouse gas.(2)the ozone depletion, O3 layer has strong absorption of the sun's ultraviolet function, thus protecting the existence of a variety of life on the earth, the reproduction and development.Materials such as carbon fluorine chlorine, NOX is a major cause of lead to its destruction.法制，监督教育

第二篇：英语翻译[模版]

Unit 1

1.被警察询问时，杰夫极力保持冷静，沉着地回答每个问题。

Jeff tried to keep his composure and answer every question calmly when inquired by the policeman.2.油价不断上涨，世界各国都不同程度地受到了影响。

With oil prices keeping on increasing, all the countries in the world have been affected(in)one way or another.3.他在会上提出了一系列可能避免环境污染的措施。

At the meeting he proposed a series of measures that might ward off the environmental pollution.4.迈克向他父亲保证他一定会全身心投入到即将到来的比赛上。

Mike assured his father that he would put his whole heart into the coming competition.5.一旦玛丽下定决心，就绝不会动摇。

Mary will never waver once she makes up her mind.Unit 3

1.天气骤然变坏，寻找伤员的工作要加紧进行。

Efforts to reach the injured men should be intensified because of the sudden deterioration in weather conditions.2.有些人可能沉溺于网上冲浪，这会危害他们的身心健康。

Some people may be addicted to net surfing, which impairs their physical and mental health.3.地球和它表面的一切，不管是有生命的还是没有生命的，相互作用来影响我们的生活。

The Earth and everything on it, living and nonliving, interact to exert influence on the life we have.4.穷人和残疾人依靠政府的救济维持生计。

Needy and handicapped people depend on government relief for their support.5.到目前为止，还没有迹象表明人们对此品牌感到疲倦。So far there is no sign of fatigue with the brand.Unit 4

1.在一个没有为高温炎热做好准备的国家，这是紧急事件。

In a country that is not equipped for severe heat, this is an emergency.2.房间里闹哄哄的，他不得不竖起耳朵来听电话。

It was so noisy in the room that he had to pull his ears to hear the phone.3.这是一项令人兴奋的工作，但有几分危险。This is an exciting job, but kind of dangerous.4.很难预测这些事情的结果是什么。

It is hard to predict how these things will turn out.5.谁也不知道怎么办。即使知道也将会是摸着石头过河。

Nobody knows how to figure them out.Even if somebody seems to know, it is still “crossing a river by feeling for the stones”.Unit 6

1.他用冷漠的态度面对别人的侮辱。

He reacted to the insult by acting as cold as ice.2.在生活中，有原则的人宁愿死得有尊严也不愿苟且偷生。

In life, a man of principle prefers to die with dignity instead of living in disgrace.3.几个警察不得不护送这位裁判离开足球场。

Several policemen had to escort the referee from the football field.4.她总觉得自己受制于人。

She always has the feeling that she is being manipulated.5.万一有特殊情况，学生们应该向警察求助。

In case of exceptional circumstances, students should turn to the police for help.

第三篇：英语翻译

精读Unit1 1)Mrs.Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter.史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。2)I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary.我坚信，阅读简写的英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。

3)I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution.我认为我们在保护环境不受污染方面还做得不够。4)Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation.除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。

5)We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester.我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。

6)Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills.经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。

7)If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me.And I’ll explain them in greater detail.如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。8)The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese.That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。

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精读Unit4 1)To take this job would involve working on weekends frequently, but John didn't mind。

接受这份工作就得经常在周末上班，但约翰并不在意。2)It is well known that lung cancer is caused at least in part by smoking too much.众所周知，肺癌至少部分地是由于吸烟过多而引起的。3)My grandparents said that the man who invented television had once lived in their neighborhood.我祖父母说，发明电视的那个人曾住在他们那个地段。

4)I propose that we go to find Prof.Smith in his office right after the meeting and invite him to our English evening。

我提议咱们会后马上去办公室找史密斯教授，邀请他参加我们的英语晚会。

5)Having been operated on twice for the disease, she was so weakened that she could barely stand up.她因那病开过两次刀，身体十分虚弱，几乎站不起来。

6)Educators think that the generation growing up with television spends so much of their time in front of the TV that they do not have enough time to study.教育家们认为，伴随着电视机长大的一代人，在电视机前花的时间太多，以致没有足够的时间学习了。

7)I do hope that you can come up with a better solution than this one.我真希望你能拿出一个比这更好的解决办法来。

8)At first glance the picture didn't look very good, but after examining it carefully, we found that it was indeed a masterpiece.乍一看，这幅画并不好，但经过仔细观察，我们才发现它的确是一幅杰作。

精读Unit6 1)It was reported that the building of the railway had been held up by a

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flood.据报道，那条铁路曾因洪水而停止修建。2)The strike resulted in the management's accepting the workers' demands.罢工结果，资方接受了工人的要求。3)The coalminers decided to go on strike for better working conditions.煤矿工人们决定为争取更好的工作条件举行罢工。

4)I'd like very much to buy the English dictionary.Unfortunately, I haven't got enough money on me.我很想买这本英文词典，遗憾的是我身上带的钱不够。

5)I'd like to talk over with you about the English translation of the article before sending it to Mr.Hobbs.我想先和你讨论一下这篇文章的英译稿，然后再把它寄给霍布斯先生。

6)The foreign expert hopes to achieve all his aims in three years.那位外国专家希望在三年内达到所有的目标。

7)What do you think a scientist must do in order to keep up with the latest developments in his field? 一个科学家要跟上本领域的新发展，你认为必须做些什么?

8)The author thinks that if excellent workers get frequent pay increases and promotions, they will have greater incentive to produce.作者认为，如果优秀工人经常得到加薪和提拔，他们就会有更大的生产积极性。

精读unit9 1)Gases such as carbon monoxide, emitted by factories and automobiles, have seriously polluted the atmosphere.工厂和汽车排出的一氧化碳一类气体严重污染了大气。

2)The industrial engineer's letter indicates that he doubts the feasibility of the plan.那位工业管理工程师的来信表明，他对该项计划是否可行有怀疑。3)Many parents in the United States set aside a fund for their children's

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education before they are born.在美国，许多父母在孩子出生之前就为他们的教育留出一笔专款。

4)I have made sure that her conclusion is based on facts.我已了解清楚，她的结论是以事实为根据的。

5)The medical team, composed of three doctors and two nurses, set off for the mountain area a few days ago.几天前，由三位医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发到山区去了。

6)The village is named after the high mountain that stands in front of it.这个村庄是以矗立在它前面的那座高山命名的。

7)He was ill for about a month, which has really set him back in his studies.他病了一个月左右，这使他在学习上耽误了很多。8)The war that broke out between the North and the South in 1861 is known in history as the American Civil War.南方和北方之间于一八六一年爆发的那场战争在历史上称为“美国内战”。

泛读text1 1)Faced with a lot of evidence, the man had to admit that he was the head of the drug ring.这些人面对许多证据，不得不承认他是贩毒团伙的头目。2)Tommy offered to drive us to the seaside in his car, but insisted we should share the petrol costs.汤米主动提出开他的车送我们去海滨，但坚持要我们分担汽油费。

3)On-the-job smoking is not allowed in our company.So many employees have to give up smoking or reduce the amount they smoke.我们公司不允许上班时吸烟。于是许多雇员不得不戒烟或者减少吸烟量。

4)When you apply for a job, the first thing the employer sees is your resume.当你申请职位时，雇主首先看到你的履历。

5)When you find yourself often upset about small matters, you’d better

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cultivate a hobby.你如果发现自己常为一些小事烦恼，你最好培养一种兴趣爱好。

泛读text8 1）Those who expect to have a good command of English within a few months should bear in mind that there is no short cut in language learning.那些指望在几个月内就掌握英语的人应该记住，语言学习没有捷径可走。

2)It’s a great idea to stay overnight at your house, but I had better talk it over with my parents in case they don’t agree.在你家过夜是个好主意，但是我最好还是跟我父母商量一下，以防他们不同意。

3)He advised me to make sure that the second-hand car was in good condition before I made a decision to buy it.他忠告我在决定买那辆二手车前先弄清楚车况是否良好。

4)If you don’t cut in half the numbers of the courses you’re going to take next semester, I’m sure you will be weighed down.如果你不把下学期要选的课程门数减半，我肯定到时你会累垮。

5.As for my house in the countryside, I only live there every summer;I don’t intend to move in for good.至于我在乡下的那套房子，我只是每年夏天去住一下，并不打算永久迁人。

泛读text19

1)Employees hate seeing their boss walking in and out of their office without even giving them a glance

雇员们最讨厌看见老板进进出出办公室二不屑看他们一眼。

2)If we stay up till three in the morning, we’ll be able to hear the American election results.如果我们熬到凌晨3点，就能听到美国大选的结果。3)A policeman has to know as much law as a professional lawyer.He should know what actions are crimes and what evidence he should gather to prove the crimes in courts.一名警察必须像一位职业律师一样通晓法律。

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他应当知道什么行为是犯罪，他应当收集什么样的证据在法庭上证实这些罪行。

4)Your father is talking business with his colleagues in the study.So don’t bother him.你父亲在书房里和他的同事谈正事，请不要打捞他。5)Mary and I are good friends.We can read each other’s minds and know each other’s deepest secrets.玛丽和我是好朋友。我们能看出彼此的心事，并知道对方心中深藏的秘密。

6)We have to increase our sales one way or another.We can sell our sportswear through big department stores and supermarkets instead of the small, specialist shops.无论如何我们得扩大营销量。我们可以通过大百货商场和超市而不是小的专卖店来出售我们的运动服。

泛读text24 1)Each day there are a good number of people on their way to somewhere around the world.Some are travelling for pleasure, while others on business.每天都有很多人到世界各地旅行。有的外出游玩，有的因公出差。

2)When we were travelling in Europe, we usually rode in the train from one country to another.我们在欧洲旅行的时候，通常都是乘火车从一个国家到另一个国家。

3)He drew me a map to make sure I could easily find his apartment.为了确保我能轻松的找到他住的公寓，他给我画了张地图。

4)It’s good manners to tip a waiter or waitress for the service you have received when you dine out.在外用餐的时候，为你所得到的服务而付给服务生一些小费是一种礼貌。

5)The worst thing about working in the shop is that you’re on your feet all day.商店里工作最让人受不了的是你得整天站着。

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第四篇：英语翻译

英译中

1.At the foot of the Mt.Huangshan(黄山), in the bend of Xin’an River(新安江), lies the beautiful mountain town called “Tunxi”(“屯溪”).在黄山脚下，新安江湾，坐落着一个美丽的山镇“屯溪”。

2.The Old Street of Tunxi(屯溪老街)is located in the old city.The street starts in the west at Zhenhai Bridge(镇海桥), a stone arch bridge built during the Ming Dynasty, and ends in the east at the Memorial Archway(牌坊碑).Its total length is about 1.5km and the street is laid with slab stones(用石板铺成).屯溪老街位于老街旧城，西起明代修建的石拱桥镇海桥，东止牌坊碑，全长1.5公里。街道全部用石板铺成。

3.There are hundreds of old but well preserved rows of shops, evoking a bygone era in buildings that are simple and elegant(淡雅古朴).The shops, workshops and residences have continued to maintain the special layout of ancient stores such as shop in the front and workshop or house in the back(前店后坊、前店后户).街道两旁是数百家店铺，鳞次栉比，保存完好，透溢出一股过去那种淡雅古朴的建筑风韵。店铺、仓库和居所仍然保持了古代商铺那种前店后坊、前店后户的特殊结构。

4.Situated at the confluence(交汇处)of the Dongting Lake(洞庭湖)and the Yangtze River(长江)in the north-eastern Hunan Province, Yueyang is a celebrated ancient city of culture.It has been known for “the waters of Dongting are well-known across the land;the tower of Yueyang is simply beyond compare”(“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”)to the world.岳阳位于湖南省东北部，洞庭湖与长江交汇处，是一座文化古城，素有“洞庭天下水，岳阳天下楼”之美誉。

5.Yueyang Tower stands on the west gate of the old city.It is a three-story wooden structure(纯木结构建筑), 19 meters tall, with upturned eaves and a helmet shaped roof(飞檐盔顶), supported by four pillars.The structure is a unique combination of artistic taste, mechanics, architecture, and craftsmanship.After you ascend the tower you will have a spectacular view of the Dongting Lake.岳阳楼矗立在老城的西城门上，是一座三层纯木结构建筑，由4根大柱子支撑，有19米高，飞檐盔顶，工艺独特，造型精美。登楼可以欣赏美丽的洞庭风光。

6.The predecessor(前身)of Yueyang Tower was a structure built By Lu Su(鲁肃)in the Three Kingdoms Period(三国时期)for reviewing military parades.It was expanded into a tower in 716 by Zhang Shuo(张说)and given its present name.岳阳楼的前身是三国时期鲁肃修建的阅兵台。公元716年，张说在此扩建成楼，并命名为岳阳楼。

7、The snow scene of the West Lake enjoyed very high praise, especially the view of “melting snow at broken bridge”(“断桥残雪”)is unique in the winter of the West Lake.西湖雪景最是为人称道，而“断桥残雪”又为西湖冬季的一处独特景观。

8.Why it is called as “malting snow on the broken bridge”, there are different sayings(众说纷纭).One of them is that it snows almost every winter in Hangzhou.“断桥残雪”得名由来，众说纷纭。一说每至冬令时节，杭州必会白雪皑皑。

9.When the sun comes out after snowfall, the snow on the sunny side of the bridge(桥阳面)melts first, while the snow on the shady side still lingers.每当瑞雪初晴，桥阳面冰雪消融，而桥阴面仍然玉砌银铺。

10.Zhouzhuang Town(周庄镇)is located 38 kilometers southeast of Suzhou City，33 kilometers southwest of Kunshan City(昆山市).With a history of more than 900 years, it is just like a pearl set near the bank of Dianshan Lake(淀山湖).周庄镇位于苏州城东南38公里，昆山市境内西南33公里，宛如一颗灿烂明珠镶嵌在淀山湖畔，已有九百余年的历史。

11.The river course of the town takes the shape of Chinese Character “#”(呈井字型).Houses are all built along the river.Over sixty percent of dwelling-houses out of almost one thousand were built in the Ming or Qing dynasties.古镇区内河道呈井字型，民居依河筑屋，依水成街。镇上近千户人家明清建筑占百分之六十以上。

12.Over the river are 14 bridges built in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, among which there is a unique bridge in China-Fu’an Bridge(富安桥)and the world famous Double Bridge(双桥).河道上横跨14座建于元、明、清代的古桥梁，其中有国内仅存的富安桥和闻名中外的双桥。

13.The Zhang’s Residence was built by Xu Kui’s descendants.The folk sayings that “The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house” define its architectural characteristics.徐逵后裔(descendants)建有张厅(The Zhang’s Residence)，民间所说“轿从前门进，船从家中过”(“The sedans enter the front door while boats pass through the house”)生动形象地描绘了其建筑特色。

14.The Shen’s Residence which has 7 courtyards with 5 doors was built by Shen Wansan’s descendants.In addition, there is Ye Chucang’s Former Residence.沈万山(Shen Wansan)后裔建有七进五门楼的沈厅(The Shen’s Residence), 这里还有叶楚伧故居(Ye Chucang’s Former Residence)等。

15.Mt.Huangshan has all the charm of landscape in China while Zhouzhuang boasts all the beautiful features of Chinese water town.Zhouzhuang is worth of the fame as the “first water town in China.”

黄山集中国山川之美，周庄集中国水乡之美。周庄被誉为“中国第一水乡”(the “first water town in China”)，名不虚传。

16.Mt.Taishan is located in the center of Shandong Province spanning(跨越)the cities of Taian(泰安)and Jinan(济南), extending for total area of 250 kilometers.泰山位于山东省中部，跨越泰安、济南两市。总面积250平方公里。

17.It boasts of a wealth of natural legacies(自然遗产).A large number of scenic spots were given names since ancient times.They include 112 peaks, 98 precipitous ridges, 18 rock caves, 58 odd shaped rocks, 102 streams and valleys, 56 pools and waterfalls, 64 springs.她拥有丰富的自然遗产。景区内自古命名的山峰112座，崖岭98座，岩洞18处，奇石58块，溪谷102条，潭池瀑布56处，山泉64处。

18.There are 989 species of plants falling into 114 families, and vegetation coverage(植被覆盖率)of 79.9 percent.泰山共有植物144科，989种，植被覆盖率为79.9％。

19.Mt.Qingcheng(青城山)is situated 63 kilometers west of Chengdu(成都).Characterized by its secluded and quiet environment, the scenic area is surrounded by ring-shaped peaks(群峰环绕).青城山坐落于成都市西郊63公里处，群峰环绕，环境幽静，尽显清幽本色。

20.It enjoys equal fame for steepness with Jianmen(剑门), for elegance with Mt.Emei(峨眉)and for grandeur with Kuimen(夔门).It has been widely acclaimed as the “most secluded mountain under the heaven”(“青城天下幽”).青城山之幽，与剑门之险，峨眉之秀，夔门之雄齐名，素有“青城天下幽”之美誉。

21.In Chinese Qingcheng literally means “green city”(“绿色的城郭”).Mt.Qingcheng gets its name because the main scenic spots such as the Tianshi Cave(天师洞)are all surrounded by 36 mountain peaks with their forests of lush evergreen trees encircling each spot like a city wall.青城山顾名思义，意为“绿色的城郭”，其主要景点如天师洞青山环列，树木葱翠，三十六座山峰层峦迭嶂，状若城郭，故此得名。

中译英

1.屯溪老街多数房屋仅为三层，具有鲜明的徽派建筑特色：白粉墻、小青瓦、雕梁画栋。

Most of the buildings are only three stories high in the Old Street of Tunxi.They are decorated with white walls, small green tiles, wood carvings in the distinct Hui style.2.老街是一条商业步行街。安徽、江浙、福建的商人在此聚集，摩肩接踵，一派“清明上河图”的景象。

The Old Street is a commercial street that is only for pedestrians.The merchants from Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, and Fujian provinces jostle each other in a crowd that resembles the “Along the River During the Qingming Festival”.3.一位西欧建筑家到老街时说，在这里他找到了“东方古罗马”。

An ancient Western-European architect once visited the Old Street and said that he had found “the Eastern Ancient Rome.”

4.1044年，宋代官员滕子京谪守巴陵郡，重修了岳阳楼，并于翌年请当时著名的政治家、文学家范仲淹撰文以记之。

In 1044, Teng Zijing, a Song Dynasty official, was banished to Baling Prefecture and renovated the tower.The following year he asked Fan Zhongyan, a well-known statesman and man of letters of the time, to write an essay to mark the renovated tower.5.这篇名为《岳阳楼记》的文章语言精美，思想深邃，其文学成就无以伦比，因而名扬四方。

The essay entitled Notes on Yueyang Tower, is considered matchless in literary achievement and profound thought, has made the theme of his writing famous far and wide.6.文中一幅对子“先天下这忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”为每个中国人所熟悉。

One couplet in the essay, “Be concerned before anyone else becomes concerned;enjoy yourself only after everyone else finds enjoyment.” has become familiar to every Chinese

7.从附近小山上极目远眺，那小桥好似桥断一般。

Looked at a distance or from a nearby hill, the little bridge appears to be broken.8.待到冬日雪霁，伫立桥头，放眼四望，远山银装素裹，更加妩媚迷人，是欣赏西湖雪景之佳地。

On fine winter days after a snow, you may stand on the bridge to feast your eyes on the snow scene far and near.Distant hills, clad in white, grow more enchanting.It is a best venue for you to watch the snow scene of the West Lake.9.而中国民间传说“白蛇传”又为断桥景物增添了些许浪漫色彩。

The Chinese folk story “The Tale of White Snake” brings the broken bridge some romance.10.泰山古称岱山(Daishan)，春秋时期被尊为(revered as)东岳(East Sacred Mountain)。其山势磅礴雄伟，峰峦突兀峻拔(abruptly rising)，景色壮丽。

Mt.Taishan was known in ancient times as Daishan and revered as the East Sacred Mountain in the Spring and Autumn Period.It presents the loftiness and grandeur with abruptly rising majestic peaks and crests.The sceneries are spectacular.11.中国历代帝王秦始皇、汉武帝、唐玄宗、清帝乾隆等均曾到泰山封禅(hold grand sacrificial ceremonies)，历代七十二君主到此祭告天地(offer sacrifices to heaven and earth)。

Many Chinese emperors including Qin Shihuang, Wu Di of the Han Dynasty, Xuan Zong of the Tang Dynasty and Qian Long of the Qing Dynasty held grand sacrificial ceremonies on its summit.All through the dynasties 72 emperors had come here to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth.12.风景区拥有延续数千年的历史文化遗产。现有古建筑群22处，古遗址97处，历代碑碣(commemorative stone tablets)819块，历代刻石(inscribed rocks)1800余处。

With Cultural legacies handing down through thousands of years, the scenic area houses 22 groups of ancient architectures, 97 ancient remains, 819 commemorative stone tablets and 1,800 inscribed rocks.13.青城山位于四川省西部，群峰环绕，清幽隐逸(tranquil and secluded)，林木清幽，是著名的旅游景点和避暑胜地(summer resort)。

The ring-shaped hills, tranquil and secluded, covered with luxuriant vegetation, make Mt.Qingcheng in the western part of Sichuan Province, a famous tourist site and summer resort.14.作为一座道教名山(a famous Taoist mountain)，道教的发祥地和道教发展的重要基地，青城山已有两千多年的历史了。青城山以其清幽的环境和其在道教中的重要性而独具一格(unique)。

As the birthplace of Taoism and an important base of Taoism development, it has been a famous Taoist mountain for almost 2000 years.Mt.Qingching is unique for its secluded environment and for its Taoist significance.15.1982年，青城山被国务院(State Council)评定为全国首批重点风景名胜区(China National Key Tourist Resort)。2000年，青城山和都江堰(Dujiangyan Irrigation Project)联名被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入世界文化遗产名录(List of World Cultural Heritage)。

In 1982, it was ratified as one of first group of China National Key Tourist Resorts by the State Council.In 2000, together with the Dujiangyan Irrigation Project, it was inscribed on the List of World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO.

第五篇：英语翻译

1.你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他? What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home? 2.由于受到原子辐射，他最终在工作时倒下了。

As a result of exposure to atomic radiation,he finally collapsed at work.3.千万别说可能会被人误解的话。(capable of)Be sure not to say anything capable of being misunderstood.4.她砰地关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。

Their argument ended when she slammed the door and left without a word.5.小约翰尼一见到妈妈下班回来就往前门跑去。

Little johnny made for the door at the sight of his mother coming back from work.6.他研究原子科学是为了我国的国防。他根本不在乎名望。He pursued atomic science for the defense our country.Fame meant nothing to him.7.三位教授被请来对新教员设计的教案做出评估。

Three professors were asked to make an evaluation of the teaching plans devised by the new teachers.8.不言而喻，青年人的教育对于一个国家的未来是至关重要的。It is self-evident that the education of young is vital to future of country.9.一个卫生组织促使地方政府为建造一所新的医院筹措三百万美元的资金。

A health organization prompted the local government to raise a three-million-dollar fund for a new hospital.10.一切都表明他的计划出了毛病。

Everything points to the fact/indicates that something has gone wrong with his project/plan.