第一篇：英语句子成分知识点总结
知识点总结
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分。
1、主语
主语是一个句子的主题。主语的位置
①陈述句中，一般在一句之首。
They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.②疑问句、倒装句中，一般在助动词、情态动词和动词之后。Up went the arrow into the air.Why do they move and burn more of the forest? Not only will help be given to people who are disabled to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.③祈使句中，往往省略。
Take this money and buy yourself some more books.（句首省略了you）④There be结构中，在be之后。
Around the area of Aswanthere are a lot of important old temples , which date from about 1250 BC.2、谓语
谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，主语具有的特征或所处的状态。（1）由简单动词构成的谓语
They started to use English, but they also brought in some words from their own languages.（2）由动词短语构成的谓语
Dr.Manette realized that the sister must have been very badly treated.3、表语
表语说明主语的身份、特征、类别、状态等情况，它位于连系动词之后，与之构成所谓的系表结构。表语的位置
①通常位于连系动词之后，但下列情况下，置于连系动词之前。为了强调表语。In the north isScotland, with its capitalEdinburgh.北面是苏格兰，首都是爱丁堡。
②由How/What引出的感叹句中 What a curious hotel it was!③某些让步状语从句中
Child as the boy was, he knew what was the right thing to do.④“the+比较级…，the+比较级…结构中”。
The more you listen to English, the easier it becomes.英语你听得越多，就越容易听懂。
4、宾语
宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语。宾语表示法 ①名词用作宾语。
Bob asked all the airlines to fly the pop stars for free.②代词用作宾语。
It picked it up in its mouth and carried it into the bushes.③数词用作宾语。
Canadacovers six of the world''s 24 time areas.④名词化的形容词用作宾语。
She''s always helping the poorer than herself.⑤副词用作宾语。
Since then the number of milu deer there has greatly increased.⑥不定式用作宾语
I just didn''t wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.⑦动名词作宾语或名词化分词（主要是过去分词）作宾语
When she had finished listening to the news, Mrs.Cousins turned off the radio.⑧句子用作宾语
I suggest that you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.直接宾语和间接宾语
可具有这种双宾语的及物动词有：bring, fetch, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, refuse, show, sing, teach, tell, write, buy, find, get, make, envy, return, sell等。I don''t envy you your job.5、补足语
补足语是一种补足主语和宾语的意义的句子成分。用作补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、不定式（短语）、分词（短语）、介词短语等。
He persuaded other people to provide money or to give help.I think you''ll find these materials much better and much more suitable.The lion could still be seen in the bushes eating the meat.This song is thought to be most popular.6、定语
定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人或物的状态、品质、数量等。定语表示法
It was the earliest research centre for agriculture.（形容词用作定语）They had brought a picnic lunch with him.（名词用作定语）
I''m looking for another speaker who could give a talk.（代词用作定语）In 1911,she received a second Nobel Prize for her research, becoming the first person in the world to receive two Nobel prizes.（数词用作定语）The way out lies in the development of education.（副词用作定语）There are plenty of interesting places to visit.（不定式用作定语）Everybody was at his fighting post.（动名词用作定语）
By the end of the year, the total money collected had come to over 92 million dollars, all of which were sent to Africa.（分词用作定语）I know a woman whose three sons are all soldiers.(句子用作定语)7.状语
状语是指描述被描述对象的状态，包括时间状语，地点状语，方式状语，伴随状语，让步状语等。状语表示法
1.副词，如carefully，例句:he did his housework carefully 2.介词短语,如in the classroom，例句he did his homework carefully in the classroom 3.非谓语短语，如seen from the top of the mountain，或者when facing difficulties，例句Seen from the top of the mountain，the houses beneath are very small When facing difficulties,w e should keep calm 4.从句，如时间状语从句，地点状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句等 例句 He will come back next week when the opening ceremony begins.He will come to the school where he spent his childhood.Although he failed in the exam ,he never gave up his goals.He failed in his exam because he gives up his goals halfway.
第二篇：英语划分句子成分知识点总结
英语句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.（2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up.The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：
They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如： His father named him Dongming.（名词）They painted their boat white.（形容词）Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）
There are thirty women teachers is our school.（名词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
英语句子结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构
S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式
在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。The gas has given out．煤气用完了。My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。2．S十V十P句式
在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。The desk feels hard．书桌摸起来很硬。The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。
The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高了。He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。He stood quite still．他静静地站看。
He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象。They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
They grow rice in their home town．他们在家乡种水稻。He's got a chair to sit on．他有椅子坐。
Please turn the sentence into English．请把这个句于泽成英语。3．S十V十O句式
在此句式中，V是及物动词(vt．)，因此有宾语。例如： I saw a film yesterday．我昨天看了一部电影。
Have you read the story? 你读过这个故事吗? They found their home easily．他们很容易找到他们的家。They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
They've put up a factory in the village．他们在村里建了一座工厂。They have taken good care of the children．这些孩子他们照看得很好。You should look after your children well．你应该好好照看你的孩子。4．S十V十O1十O2句式
在此句式中，V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见的须带双宾语的动词有give，ask，bring，offer，send，pay，lend，show，tell，buy，get；rob，warn等。例如： He gave me a book/a book to me．他给我一本书。He brought me a pen/a pen to me．他带给我一枝钢笔。He offered me his seat/his seat to me．他把座位让给我。注意下边动词改写后介词的变化：
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书。He got me a chair/a chair for me．他给我弄了一把椅子。Please do me a favor/a favor for me．请帮我一下。He asked me a question/a question of me．他问我个问题。注意，下边动词只有一种说法：
They robbed the old man of his money．他们抢了老人的钱。He's warned me of the danger.他警告我注意危险。
The doctor has cured him of his disease．医生治好了他的病。We must rid the house of th erats．我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠。They deprived him of his right to speak．他们剥夺了他说话的权利。5．S十V十O十C句式
在此句式中，V是有宾语补足语的及物动词。常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多，哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补，须根据动词的惯用法而定，不能统而概论。请看下面的例子。They made the girl angry．他们使这个女孩生气了。They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。I found him out．我发现他出去了。I saw him in．我见他在家。
They saw a foot mark in the sand．他们发现沙地上有脚印。They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。I heard the glass broken just now．我刚才听到玻璃碎了。
He found the doctor of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
eg.1.We are working.我们在工作。主系表
2.I can swim very well.我游泳泳地很好。主谓
3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me.那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
4.Why does the wind blow?
风为什么会吹？主谓
5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day.雨已经下了一整天了。主谓
6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾
7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone.吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补
8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow.到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补
9.I have a lot of clothes to wash.我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，to wash做clothes的定语
10.He gave his son some advice on reading.他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾
11.Read me the first paragraph.给我读第一段。主谓双宾
12.I’ve ordered some soup for you.我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾/主谓宾状
13.He began leaning English ten years ago.十年前他开始学英语。主谓宾
14.My being late worried my teacher.我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My being late做主语
15.The president himself would visit our school.总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾
16.April fool’Day is the special day of the year
愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表
17.He usually takes a nap after lunch.他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾
18.I got it back at once.我马上把它取回。主谓宾
19.He finished lunch and went into the garden.他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语
20.The telephone rang.电话响了。主谓
21.We study hard.我们努力学习。主谓
22.His father might have died.他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓
23.Will you leave the door open/ unclosed?
你要把门开着？主谓宾补
24.Can you make the dog stand still?
你能让那只狗站着不动吗？主谓宾补
25.The landlord had them working day and night.地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补
26.A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing.扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表
27.We all breathe, eat，and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。主谓
28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。
我在早上6点钟起床。主谓
29.The book weighs five kilos.那本书重达10斤。主谓，five kilos做状语
30.They will be flying to London.他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾
第三篇：英语句子成分（范文）
英语句子成分
先来认识一下词性。记住下列缩写，查字典时就比较方便了
名词(nouns）n.代词（pronoun）pron.形容词(adjective）adj.或a.副词（adverb)adv.动词（Verb）v.介词（preposition）prep.连词（conjunction）conj.及物动词vt.不及物动词vi.这里所说的词，不是指一个单词，而是指一个逻辑上相当于一个词的单位。比如：Shandong Province就视作一个词。当然，大多数词只由一个单词构成。
名词是指人、物、事等实体或抽象事物的词，在句子中通常可以用代词来替代，可以分为专有名词如Beijing，和普通名词如book，专有名词一般首字母大写。
代词是代替人、物、事等的一种词，如汉语中我你他她它。代词在句中相当于n.或adj.相当于名词的代词，如：人称代词（顾名思义，称呼人的代词）（he,him）、名词性物主代词（顾名思义，相当于名词的指示东西的主人的代词）(mine)、反身代词（顾名思义，反躬自指的代词）(myself)、相互代词（顾名思义，几个人相互指代的代词）(each other,one another)、指示代词（顾名思义，你指给我某个东西看时用的代词）（this）、疑问代词（顾名思义，发出疑问时用的代词）(what)、不定代词（顾名思义，让智商低的人听了不知道指谁的代词）(all,one)等。相当于形容词的代词，如形容词性物主代词（顾名思义，相当于形容词的指示东西的主人的代词）(your)、指示代词（this）、疑问代词(what)、不定代词(all,one)等。
动词，就是用来表示各类动作的词汇，基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词。动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。及物动词要且一定要接宾语，不及物动词一定不能接宾语。这里的宾语是指从句子的语法角度看的宾语而不是指从逻辑关系角度看的宾语。如汉语“我去学校。”去是及物的。而英语“I go to school.”go是不及物的。但你可以把“go to”看成这个短语看成一个动词，这样go to就是个及物动词了。大多数动词是实意动词。还有一种动词叫系动词，如am,is,feel,turn，prove，他们后面跟表语构成系表结构，系表结构就相当于谓语了，可以体会一下。还有情态动词（如may,should），情态动词后要加动词原形。还有助动词。
形容词是用来修饰【名词或相当于名词的词】的词，副词是一种用来修饰【动词、形容词、全句】的词。按照表意可以分为表大小的形容词，表颜色的形容词，表材料的形容词„„表频率的副词，表时间的副词，表地点的副词„„
介词就像一个关系强大的黑中介，当有【名词或相当于名词的词】要介入到这个句子中，但是主语宾语已经满额了时，这个名词就要委身作为这个介词的宾语，两者构成介宾短语，然后让这个介词带它介入到句子中去。但即使两人侥幸介入到了句子中，也往往担任不了要职（主语，宾语），只能相当于形容词或副词做修饰说明的成分。I go to school.中的to school就是这样一个介宾短语，它做的是地点状语（顾名思义，表示地点的状语）。
连词是连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的词汇。And就是个连词。为了对称的美感，连词两端尽量做到性质、形式相同，这可以帮助你理解一些语法题。
冠词加在名词前面，可以说是名词的一种标志，冠词有a,an,the.不定冠词的“不定”和不定代词的“不定”是一个意思哦！
数词分为基数词（几）和序数词（第几）两种。
助词就是帮助别的词或句子的词，文言中的之乎者也之类的词。助词有结构助词（如强调句中的that），时态助词(如完成时中的have)等)。
练习：查字典指出下来词的词性；
AlthoughelsetheirsawareeverydayChinesemerelyIn front ofmuchsentencenoneno matter howhowever
让我们还原一下英语由简单到复杂的进化的历程：（个人愚见，不要较真）
最开始，只有一些简单的名词，动词，还没有句子的概念，只是把词堆起来。如：I pain help 之后就有了简单的句子,按一定规则把名词动词穿起来。随着句子的发展，需要表达更多意思形容词，副词，代词等也开始发展了。最初的简单句大致是主系表或者主谓宾。（在本文系动词 谓语 宾语 表语(定语)[状语] {补语} <同位语>）在之后句子就发展得更壮大了，为了说得更形象具体，定状补等修饰成分出现，还知道使用介宾短语。I eat a(red)apple [happily].He makes me {cry} [in the morning].英语句子有一个原则：一个句子只有一个主语，一个谓语。可是这样不便于罗列名词和动词，于是出现了and之类的连词来连接并列的词语，是语言简单。
可再之后句子变得越来越长，人们想既然词语可以用连词连接，句子当然也可以，于是就进化出了连词，有了连词就有了复杂的长句子：并列句和复合句。但是长句子往往显得不简洁，为此，人们创造出了非谓语动词的用法，也就是动名词，现在分词，过去分词，不定式。打破了动词只能做谓语的限制。
之后就出现了倒装、省略、强调、虚拟语气等有修饰作用的用法。
暂时讲到这儿。下面介绍3种句子种类。
简单句:通常，指含有一个主谓结构的句子。当然，使用连词简单连接动词名词了的简单句任然认定为简单句。如：
Time iswealth.Time and opportunity are wealth.Time is wealth and is shared with us all.并列句:含有两个或更多各自独立的主谓结构，并体现为两个或更多各自独立的分句（彼此是独立的、是互不辖属的），如：
Time iswealth and health is also wealth.复合句:含有两个或更多各自独立的主谓结构，并体现为两个或更多有主次之分的分句（彼此不是独立的，从句隶属于主句），如各种XX从句：
Time is the wealth which is shared with us all.英语的一个句号、问号或叹号标志着一句话的结束。通常情况下一句话必须属于简单句、并列句、复合句中的一种。英语中的冒号和分号起连词的作用，不是一句话结束的标志。下面正式开讲英语语句的结构成分。
先来体会一下：主语宾语通常由【名词或相当于名词的词】来充当；谓语由【动词或相当于动词的词】来充当；表语通常由【形容词或名词】或【相当于形容词或名词的词】来充当；定语通常由【形容词或相当于形容词的词】来充当；定语通常由【副词或相当于副词的词】来充当。动名词就是相当于名词的词。现在分词、过去分词是相当于形容词或相当于副词的词，不定式最强大，是相当于名词、形容词或副词的词，介宾短语是相当于形容词或副词的词，系表结构是相当于动词的词。这就是为什么要先讲词性再讲句子成分的原因。主谓宾表应该没问题了吧！
是形式主义，to please all是真正的主语。当然，你可以看到在不定式内部又可以划分出结构to please all。在复杂的非谓语动词词组和从句中有可以划分句子结构，这每一层都必须结构严谨。They take a fancy to these film stars.这个句子你既可以理解为：They take a fancy to these film stars.也可以理解为：They take a fancy [to these film stars].句子划分可以不用太死板。有的动词接两个宾语，一个叫直接宾语，一个叫间接宾语。下面两种说法中warm weather and flowers是直接宾语，us是间接宾语。
Spring brings us warm weather and flowers.Spring brings warm weather and flowers to us.有时谓语会比较复杂：If he hadn’t stayed on net, we would have parted company.练习：在以下的文字中, 有十二个首尾相接的句子, 这十二个句子各自主语部分的最后一词分别是哪一个？请用下划线标明。
A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here
答 案
A whole day’s walk yesterday with no plan tired the three children out our going there won’t help much one is an odd number the walking for long did them no harm these experiments show them that danger what we do willingly is easy her coming at the weekend can give a great pleasure to the children everything she did is this to study may tell you how to study it is certain that the electric brain can not take the place of the human brain after all the wanted is here
定状补是修饰成分。定语修饰名词，状语修饰动词，宾语补足语是说明宾语怎么怎么样的，通常宾语和宾语补足语单拿出来加上系动词或不加，能形成一句话。主语补足语是说明主语怎么怎么样的，原理同宾语补足语类似。
感受一下这个例子：
[After a(few more days’)desert tramping], we [accidentally] saw（several）（wild）camels {run [away] [rapidly] [in the distance]}.[又经过(几天的)沙漠跋涉]，我们[偶然]看见(几只)(野)骆驼{[从远处][飞快地]跑[远了]}。
汉语中带“的 ”的是定语，带“地”的是状语，带“得”的是补语。
这就是传说中的现在分词作补语了：
We found the water {moving below some unknown plants}.这就是传说中的带to和不带to的不定式作补语了：
The water made us {know water {to have so great worth}}.两个补语可拆成：We know water to have so great worth.和Water has so great worth.主语补足语是这样的： 下面我们来欣赏一下各种奇怪的定语和状语，一般的就不列举了。
He made(a thousand and one)excuses.Things(suitable for us)are always those(ignored by us).(后置定语)
He is the first(to come).The best way（to be safe）is [never] to feel secure.All is fish(that comes to net).(定语修饰all)
[Even if an ass travels [over the whole world]], he may not come home [a horse].We eat [to live], we don’t live [to eat].倒装句)
Your grade is good [enough].At open doors dogs come [in].同位语,这个简单到家了。
In the first class, our vocal music teacher, , gave us all an especial gift,or rather .I love you,
Where there is whispering, to be honest,there is lying.英语语句中用作插入语的常见词语after all, as a result, briefly, in addition, strange to say......看几种修饰手法： 状语置于句首，倒装以示强调)用特殊句首强调)感叹句)
Smoking here isn’t safe，is it?（反义疑问句）If we had no enemies, the good luck would forget us.（虚拟语气）
Wish you success!(祈使句)倒装句)
练习：画出句子成分（下面一段选自《简爱》开头）
There was no possibility of taking a walk that day.We had been wandering, indeed, in the leafless shrubbery(n,灌木林)an hour in the morning;but since dinner(Mrs.Reed, when there was no company, dined early)the cold winter wind had brought with it clouds so sombre(a.阴沉的), and a rain so penetrating(a.刺骨的), that further outdoor exercise was now out of the question.I was glad of it: I never liked long walks, especially on chilly(a.寒冷的)afternoons: dreadful to me was the coming home in the raw twilight(n.黄昏), with nipped fingers and toes, and a heart saddened by the chidings(n.斥责)of Bessie, the nurse, and humbled(v.使受挫)by the consciousness(=awareness)of my physical inferiority(n.虚弱)to Eliza, John, and Georgiana Reed.略微文艺一点的译文：
那天，出去散步是不可能了。其实，早上我们还在光秃秃的灌木林中溜达了一个小时，但从午饭时起（无客造访时，里德太太很早就用午饭）便刮起了冬日凛冽的寒风，随后阴云密布，大雨滂沱，室外的活动也就只能作罢了。我倒是求之不得。我向来不喜欢远距离散步，尤其在冷飕飕的下午。试想，阴冷的薄暮时分回得家来，手脚都冻僵了，还要受到保姆贝茵的数落，又自觉体格不如伊丽莎、约翰和乔治亚娜，心里既难过又惭愧，那情形委实可怕。答案： indeed, [in the(leafless)shrubbery] [an hour] [in the morning];but [since dinner] [when there was no company], dined had brought [with {(so)sombre}, {(so)penetrating}, [that further was [now] out of the was glad [of it]: [never] liked(long)walks, [especially] [on chilly afternoons]]: [dreadful [to me] home [in the(raw)twilight], [with(nipped)fingers and toes, and a heart {saddened
[by the chidings](of Bessie),
当然你可以有其他的理解方式,只要不会误解原意即可。
第四篇：英语句子成分
句子成分(Members of a Sentence)
为什么又要分词类(parts of speech)，又要分句子成分呢？两者关系密切，但两者是不同的概念。同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分，同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。
什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）和状语(adverbial)。英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“Ｉ”,作宾语用宾格“me”，作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。
汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多，实际上有不少差别。例如：
(1)Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home.小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。(2)I'll go when I have had my dinner.我吃了饭就去。
在英语中，同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略，必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中，同一个主语在句
“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”，省去了第二个分句的主语，倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来，说成“小李回家后，他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。把句子的各个成分搞清楚，也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点，才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意，在分析句子结构时，应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构，划分句子成分无非是为了理解，或者是为了造句。这个目的达到了就行了，不必过于细致，更不要钻牛角尖，否则就会事倍功半。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯，而且语言是很灵活的东西，发展过程也很复杂，很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时，语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的，有时尽管不符合语法，也是正确的。英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋谓）二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）基本句型 一
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Ｓ │ Ｖ（不及物动词）
1.The sun │was shining.2.The moon │rose.3.The universe │remains.4.We all │breathe, eat, and drink.5.Who │cares?
6.What he said │does not matter.7.They │talked for half an hour.8.The pen │writes smoothly 1.太阳在照耀着。2.月亮升起了。3.宇宙长存。
4.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.管它呢？
6.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.他们谈了半个小时。这支笔书写流利。基本句型 二
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn等属另一类，表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
Ｓ │Ｖ（是系动词）│ Ｐ
1.This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary.2.The dinner │smells │good.3.He │fell │in love.4.Everything │looks │different.5.He │is growing │tall and strong.6.The trouble│is │that they are short of money.7.Our well │has gone │dry.8.His face │turned │red.1.这是本英汉辞典。
2.午餐的气味很好。3.他堕入了情网。
4.一切看来都不同了。5.他长得又高又壮。麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.我们井干枯了。
8.他的脸红了。基本句型 三
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ
1.Who │knows │the answer? 2.She │smiled │her thanks.3.He │has refused │to help them.4.He │enjoys │reading.5.They │ate │what was left over.6.He │said │“Good morning.” 7.I │want │to have a cup of tea.8.He │admits │that he was mistaken.1.谁知道答案？
2.她微笑表示感谢。3.他拒绝帮他们。
4.他喜欢看书。5.他们吃了剩饭。
6.他说：“早上好！” 我想喝杯茶。
8.他承认犯了错误。基本句型 四
此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词被省略。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人）│ Ｏ（多指物）
1.She │ordered │herself │a new dress.2.She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.3.He │brought │you │a dictionary.4.He │denies │her │nothing.5.I │showed │him │my pictures.6.I │gave │my car │a wash.7.I │told │him │that the bus was late.8.He │showed │me │how to run the machine.1.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3.他给你带来了一本字典。
4.他对她什么都不拒绝。5.我给他看我的照片。我洗了我的汽车。7.我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8.他教我开机器。基本句型 五
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语）│ Ｃ（宾补）
1.They │appointed │him │manager.2.They │painted │the door │green.3.This │set │them │thinking.4.They │found │the house │deserted.5.What │makes │him │think so? 6.We │saw │him │out.7.He │asked │me │to come back soon.8.I │saw │them │getting on the bus.1.他们任命他当经理。
2.他们把门漆成绿色。3.这使得他们要细想一想。
4.他们发现那房子无人居住。5.他怎么会这样想？
6.我们送他出去。他要我早点回来。
8.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是
各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。下面以基本句型五为例： We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。
不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。
第五篇：经典英语句子成分分析
简单句、并列句和复合句
（一）句子种类两种分类法
1、按句子的用途可分四种：
1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old;She didn't hear of you before.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can't she?
3）祈使句：Be careful, boys;Don't talk in class
4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!
2、按句子的结构可分三种：
1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。
e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2)并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
e.g.You help him and he helps you.The future is bright;the road is tortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。
3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。
e.g.The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.（二）简单句的五种基本句型
1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g.He is a student.2、主语+不及物动词：e.g.We work.3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g.Henry bought a dictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g.My father bought me a car.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g.Tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。
（三）并列句的分类
1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g.The teacher's name is Smith, and the student's name is John.2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g.Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g.He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g.August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.按要求完成下列句子：
1.He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）
2.They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）
3.There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）
5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)
6.It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）
7.This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）
8.They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）
9.The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）
10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class.（对画线部分提问）
答案1.He doesn't dare to tell the truth.或He dare not tell the truth.2.How long have they lived here? 3.won't there 4.Be careful with your pronunciation.5.Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening? 6.What an interesting story(it is)!或How interesting the story is!7.How often does this magazine come out? 8.could they 9.How brightly the moon is shining!10.Who is always encouraging us to speak English in class?
it作形式主语常见句式
动词不定式，动名词或主语从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语动词前，而用it作形式主语，放到句首，常见句型有：
1.It + be + 形容词+主语从句，如：
It is uncertain whether he can come to Jenny’s birthday party or not.2.It + be + 名词词组 + 主语从句，这类名词有：a fact, a pity, a shame, an honour，a question等，如：
It’s a pity that you missed the exciting football match.It remains a question whether he will come or not.3.It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句，这类过去分词有：announced, believed, expected, hoped, decided, reported, said, shown等，如：
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.It is not decided who will give the operation to the patient.4.It + 不及物动词(seem, appear, happen等)+ 主语从句, 这类不及物动词有：appear, happen, seem等，如： It seemed that he didn’t tell the truth.It happened that I was out when he called.5.It + be + 形容词 + for sb.）+ 动词不定式
这类句型常用形容词easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise等作表语，有时候为了强调不定式动作的执行者，常在不定式前加for sb，如：
It’s necessary for the young to master two foreign language.It is unwise to give the children whatever they want.这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible，wise 6.It + be + 形容词 + of sb.+ 动词不定式，这类形容词常是表示心理品质,性格特征的形容词，如：kind, nice stupid, clever, foolish, polite, impolite, silly, selfish, considerate等。某人和这些形容词可以构成主系表结构。如：
It’s very kind of you to help me with the work.=You are kind to help me.It seemed selfish of him not to share his dictionary with others.=He seemed selfish not to share his dictionary with others.7.It + be +名词词组 + 动词不定式，如： It is not a good habit to stay up too late.8.It + be + 名词或形容词 + 动名词，这类名词和形容词常常是：good, no good, no use, a waste of, useless, senseless等，如：
It’s a waste of time talking to her any more.It is no use arguing about the matter with him.9.It + take(sb.)+ 时间（金钱）+ 动词不定式，如：
It took the workers almost three years to finish building the dam.It will take a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.实战演练：
1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.(NMET 1997)
A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 2.In fact is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.(2001 上海)
A.this B.that C.there D.it
3.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)
A.There B.This C.That D.It
4.Is necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab?(MET88)
A.everyone B.this C.her D.it
5.________ will take you a lot of time to find him in the crowd.A.It B.I C.We D.They
6.It is no use his _________ there, the situation is hopeless now.A.to go B.to be going C.going D.having gone 7.It is never too late to learn, ________?
A.is it B.isn’t it C.does it D.doesn’t it
8.___________ is known to all that Shenzhou VI Launched Successfully.A.As B.What C.It D.That
9._______ is reported in the newspaper, the Earthquake in east China's JiangxiProvince killed 13 people
A.It B.As C.That D.What
10.___________ certain that his invention will make people’s life convenient.A.That’s B.This is C.It’s D.What’s
11._________ that there is another football match on the air this evening.A.It says B.It was said C.It is said D.What was said 12.__________ that their daughter got an opportunity to study abroa
d.A.It’s a exciting news B.This is an exciting news C.This is exiting news D.It’s exciting news 参考答案：
1——5 BDDDA 6——10CACAC 11——12CD
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