第一篇：经贸英语写作 教案. doc
Unit 5 Part 1 Placing Orders(订货)
● General Introduction An order may result from the buyer’s acceptance of an offer made by the sellers or from the sellers’ acceptance of a counter-offer made by the buyers.An order can either be a letter or a printed form or both.Compared with the offer/quotation, the order is a more common form of correspondence(通信)of obtaining equipment, services, supplies(供货).So besides a letter or memorandum(备忘录), or a printed form, it can be given by faxes, or e-mails, or even orally the phone or at the meeting.The essential quality of an order is clarity and accuracy.An order should include: 1)Name and specification or
description of the commodity 2)Quality 3)Quantity 4)Prices(unit price and total value)and price terms 5)Terms of payment 6)Port of shipment and port of destination(装运港和目的港)7)Date and method of shipping 8)Package The following structures are recommended in placing an order: 1)Use direct language in the first paragraph to refer the seller to the previous contact acknowledging that you have received the offer and have the intention to place an order.2)Describe what is being ordered in great detail.Indicate the catalogue numbers, sizes, colors, prices, specifications and all other relevant information.Two paragraphs will be
needed to fulfill this part.The first paragraph is to give the detailed description of your order.The second one is to state the terms of payment and the anticipated(预期的)date of delivery and the mode(模式)of transportation.3)Close the letter by expressing willingness to cooperate.● Sample Reading Sample 1
体育用品公司确认某公司初次订购 Dear Sirs，We want to say how pleased we were to receive your order of 25 March for our sport supplies and welcome you as one of our customers.We confirm supply of the goods at the prices stated in(以…中标明的价格)your letter and are arranging for
dispatch next week by sea.When the goods reach you we feel confident you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered(以所报价格), for they represent exceptional(特别的)value.As you may not be aware of the wide range of(种类广泛的)goods we are dealing in(从事), we are enclosing a copy of our catalogue and hope that our handling of your first order with us will lead to further business between us and
2mark the beginning of a happy working relationship.Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.dispatch: v.发送, 派遣, 迅速处理 e.g., If the buyers failed to ~ the vessel
in time, the sellers shall have the right to claim compensation for their losses.1如买方不能及时派遣运送船只，卖方有权要求赔偿损失。
We are anxious to ~ a business in hand.我们急于办完手头一项业务。
~ your order when we have stock.一有货，马上发送。
2.mark the beginning of:标志…的开端
Sample 2
桌布生产厂对买方1万打桌布订单的确认函
Dear Sirs，We are pleased to receive your order of th19 January for tablecloths and welcome as one of our customers.We confirm(确认)10,000 dozen tablecloths at the prices stated in your letter and will arrange for delivery(安排
1发货)by the first available steamer upon receipt of(一收到)your L/C.We
feel confident that when the goods 2reach you, you will be completely satisfied with them at the prices offered.34The draft contract is being drawn up
5and will be submitted to you for approval(为…批准)as soon as it is ready.We hope the conclusion(成交)of this deal will pave the way for(为…铺平道路)further friendly cooperation between us and mark the beginning of a good working relationship.Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.the first available steamer:第一艘(可得的)轮船
2.reach: v.到达;达成
We’re taking all necessary steps for the opening of the L/C and hope it will reach you in a week or so.我们正采取一切措施开立信用证，希望一周左右抵达你处。
reach an agreement 达成协议 3.draft contract: 合同草案 draft: n.草稿, 草案
e.g., She asked me to check the ~ of the contract.她要我审查一下合同的初稿。v.起草, 草拟
e.g., draft a proposal for the project.请为该计划草拟一个方案。4.draw up: 准备, 起草
e.g., We will have the contract drawn up for signature tomorrow.我们将把合同拟好，以便明天签字。5.submit: v.提交, 提供
e.g., Please ~ specifications, preferably with illustrations.请提供规格，最好有插图
● Useful Expressions: 1.Thank you for your offer of June 5.Your prices and quality are
satisfactory and we are sending you an order as follows.感谢贵方6月5日的报盘，产品价格及质量都令我方满意，现随附如下订单。
2.We’re glad to have closed(finished/ put-through/concluded/finalized/rea--lized)this transaction with you.我们很高兴和贵方达成这笔交易。3.If you can execute the order to our full satisfaction, we will place further orders with you.如果你方对此次订单的处理能够完全令我方满意，我方将会有更多的订单。4.To get things started, we would like to make a trial purchase.为使交易起步，我们愿意试购买。5.We’re very sorry that we’re not in a position to accept your order but hope that you will understand our situation.我们非常抱歉不能接受此订单，但希望贵方能理解我们的处境。
● Writing Practice: I.Translate(on class)Dear Mr.Johnson，Thank you for your letter of July 15 enclosing your order for 8000 meters of 100 cm wide watered silk.Unfortunately, we no longer supply this silk.Fashions constantly change and in recent years the demand for watered silk has fallen to such an extent that we have ceased to produce it.Our satin silk is selling very well in many countries for its extra smoothness and softness.It has more patterns and agrees with the latest fashion of returning to the ancients(复古).I am sending you a full range of(各种各样的)patterns by parcel post.If you decide to place an order(订购)we can supply
them promptly.We look forward to your reply.Sincerely yours，(Signature)
Larry Sun
Key to Above: Johnson先生：
您好。感谢您7月15日随函附上的8000米100厘米宽幅水洗丝订单。但是我们现已不供应这种丝绸了。近年时尚经常变化，水洗丝需求量过小，以至于我们不得不停止生产这种产品。
我们的丝绸软缎因其非常滑爽柔软在很多国家热销，而且它有更多的花色，并符合目前的复古潮流。我给您寄去全套花色样品。若您决定订货我们能够很快供货。请回复。
此致敬礼
II.You’ve received your customer’s
initial order No.023 for wool and made out your Sales Confirmation No.123.Now you’re asked to write a letter sending the S/C(Sales Confirmation).The following points should be covered in your letter.(after class)1.销售确认书已寄出，请收到后签退一份。
2.对对方首批交易的成功表示祝贺并保证对方会满意。
3.渴望了解对方的销售计划，欢迎任何这方面的建议。
4.保证能满足对方的各种特定需求
● More Sample on Placing Order Dear Sirs，Thank you very much for your letter of September 6 together with(attached所附的)patterns(样式)and price lists.We have chosen four qualities(types)for which we enclose Order No.465.The goods are urgently required, so prompt delivery will be most appreciated.(被动)
Order No.465 Messrs.Johnson & Kemp Ltd, 78 Madison Street London, England
Please supply the following goods: Quantity Article Price
Delivery 800 doz.510
$2 per doz.December 500 doz.512
$4 per doz.do 300 doz.514
$6 per doz.do 200 doz.516
$7 per doz.do
Packing: Each dozen to be packed in a tin-lined(带有内衬的)carton, with 10 dozen cartons in a wooden case.Insurance: W.A.(水渍险)for 10%
over the invoice amount(发票金额).Marks(包装、运输标记): As usual with our previous orders.Payment terms: Draft at sight under an irrevocable L/C.We have instructed(指示)our bank to open a letter of credit for the amount of this order.You will soon hear from your bank.Yours faithfully, 该订单详细罗列拟购商品的数量、价格、交货期、包装、保险、唛头(运输标志：收货人英文缩写+目的港或目的地名称+运单号/订单号/发票号+货物件数)、支付条件。Note: W.A.: With(Particular)Average(水渍险，单独海损险)自然灾害、意外事故导致货
物被淹(直接原因)。
Draft at sight:(即期汇票)要求立即在规定日或在将来规定日对某人或持票人支付一定金额的无条件书面支付凭证(分为即期、远期)。
Part 2 Making Payments(付款)● General Introduction In international trade, the buyer is concerned(关心)if he can get the goods as ordered while the seller wants the security of payment.Terms of payment reflect the extent to which the seller requires a guarantee of payment before he/she loses control of the goods.(付款方式对于卖方是否安全)Writing strategy: 1.State your accepted payment terms clearly.2.The buyers adopt the following 3 steps to negotiate the terms of payment.★ Mention the contract, goods, etc.★ Suggest the terms of payment and
give out the reason ★ Wish the reader to accept The sellers also adopt 3 steps to complete the letter: ★ State you’ve received the letter ★ Give the reply of agreeing or refusing and the reason ★ State your wish to do business with the reader 3.Negotiate for changes
If the expected terms of payment can’t be accepted, make a polite request and give the reason for a change.As far as the other party is concerned, if they have to give a negative reply, use the reader-sensitive “you” attitude and emphasize the positive.● Sample Reading Sample 1 某公司欲试订150辆摩托车，要求买方能按付款交单的支付方式结算。
Dear Sirs，Order for 150 Motorbikes
We would like to place a trial order of 150 Motorbikes, model MS500 at the price quoted in your offer which reached us on July 15, 2008.As for the terms of payment, would you
1please give us some special treatment to pay by D/P(付款交单)instead of Confirmed Irrevocable L/C as required in your offer? Because issuing an L/C(开证行开立信用证)will tie-up(占用)our capital and increase the cost, leaving
2us a much narrower profit margin.We would be most grateful if you could extend(grant)this favor to us.You can rest assured that once we receive the
3shipping document for the captioned goods we will pay immediately the full
amount of the purchase.4This is just an initial order.If the transaction goes well(smoothly)(交易进展良好), large orders will follow(大笔订单随之而来).We are looking forward to your favorable reply(好消息).Yours faithfully, XXX Notes: 1.special treatment: 特别待遇
2.profit margin: 利润率, 利润幅度 e.g., But if sales go as well as they should, that’s still within our ~.不过假如销售状况有应有的表现，那就仍在我们的获利范围内。
We’ve had many problems recently, and the recession has really cut into our ~.我们最近有很多问题，尤其经济萧条 更使得我们的利润下降。
3.Shipping document: 货运单据 e.g., We usually accept payment by ir-revocable L/C payable against shipping document.我们采用不可撤销的信用证，凭装运单据结汇付款方式。4.initial order: 首批订货
5.release a L/C: 将信用证交给受益人
issue a L/C: 开证行开立信用证 6.D/P: Documents against Payment 付款交单(分为即期、远期)，我们发货后准备好我们的议付单据，通过我方银行交单至客户方银行，客户银行提示客户单据已到，客户付款后银行交单。
Negotiable(可议付的): 可流通、可转让的。通过背书(在单据后面签名同意转让)或单纯交付可将一切载明权利转让给他人。
Negotiable L/C：被授权议付的银行“对汇票或单据支付对价”的行为，并强调“仅仅对单据审核，却未支付对价”不构成议付。国际商会（ICC）对议付进一
步解释为“立即付款”(如通过现金、支票、清算系统汇款支付或贷记账户)，或“承 担付款责任”(undertaking an obligation to make payment)(不同于承担延期付款责任)。
D/A(Documents against Acceptance):承兑交单，也是通过我方银行交单给客户银行，不同的是客人只需承兑我方单据，就可以拿走正本单据，到期后再付款。
T/T是电汇(以外汇现金方式结算)（单据一般是我方直接邮寄给客户，无需通过银行）。如果我们跟客户用T/T付款方式，一般的做法是客户先要给我们30%的预付款，剩余70%一般保险的方法是，货装船后，客人凭我们传真的提单正本付款，等款到帐后再邮寄整套正本单据给客人。
L/C信用证付款方式属于银行信用，很保险的一种付款方式，但开证行信誉一
定要好，单证人员审单要认真仔细，公司业务、储运、单证部门要协调一致，避免单据出现不符点。
Sample 2 这是一封要求延后信用证中装运日期的信函。信中卖方提出由于赶不上当月船期，所以发货期不得不延后，希望对方能给与理解并尽量对信用证装运日期条款做出修改。Dear sirs, We regret to learn from your letter of thJuly 5 that you are unable to extend L/C No.5436.(延期信用证)
1As you know, there is only one vessel sailing for your port each month.But
2the only vessel available this month will be leaving here in a day or two and the deadline for booking(订)shipping space is a long past.Therefore it is impossible for us to ship the goods this month.We
would be obliged if you do your best to extend the L/C as requested in our letter thof June 26.Please give the matter immediate attention and let us have your reply by return airmail.Truly yours, Notes: 1.vessel: n.船舰, 血管, 容器
2.available: adj有效的,可得的,空闲的 ● Useful Expressions 1.With reference to your letter dated… agreeing to establish the L/C concerning the order No.…
贵方…月…日来函曾答应开立有关第…号订货单贷款的信用证。
2.We regret having received no news from you up to now.但遗憾的是，我方至今未收到任何相关 消息。
3.As you have failed to establish the L/C in time, we regret being unable to effect shipment within the stipulated time limit.很遗憾，由于贵方未及时开出信用证，我方无法在规定日期发货。
4.Owing to …, we would appreciate your extending the shipment date and the validity of your L/C No.… to … 由于…, 若贵方将发货期及第……号信用证有效期延期至……, 我方将不胜感激。
5.We regret to say that the payment terms stipulated in your order are unacceptable to us.很抱歉，贵方订单中规定的付款条款不能为我方所接受。● Writing Practice I.Translate(on class)Dear Sirs，We are in possession of your letter of October 8 and have noted your request
for payment T/T(以外汇现金方式结算Telegraphic Transfer)for contract No.339 and No.340.We regret that we are unable to consider your request for payment on T/T terms, according to our usual practice(惯常做法), we ask for payment by L/C.But in view of the amount of 2 transactions being very small, as an exceptional case, we are prepared to accept payment for contract No.339 and No.340 on D/P at sight basis.But we think it advisable to make it clear that D/P will only be applicable if the amount involved(涉及到的)for each contract is less than GBP(英镑)1,000.We hope that the above payment will be acceptable to you and look forward to hearing from you soon.Sincerely yours.XXX
Key to Above
敬启者：
我们已经收到你方10月8日的来信，注意到你方用电汇支付339号、340号合同的要求。
很遗憾地告诉你方，我们不能接受你方电汇付款的要求。作为惯例，我们要求用信用证支付。但考虑到这两笔交易的金额很小，作为一个例外，对于合同339号和340号，我们打算接受即期付款交单方式。但我们觉得有必要明确，只有每笔合同金额少于1000英镑时才能采用付款交单方式。
我们希望你们将接受上述付款条件，并尽快收到你们的回复。
谨启
II.Write a letter to Simpson and Sons at 54 Madison Street, Sydney, Australia requesting them to amend(修订)L/C No.5058 covering(有关)3000 dozen of Poplin Shirts as follows:(after class)
1.受益人应为“太平洋贸易有限公司”，而不是“东方贸易有限公司”。
2.凭即期信用证付款而不是60天期信用证付款。
3.价格术语应为CFRC3Marseille.4.总金额应为30万美元，而不是30万英镑。
Part 3 葛洲坝信函案例
Correction on Our Letter(纠正以前的信
件)XXXX Joint Venture
Date: 29 May 2004 XXXX Site office
XXX Regional State
Our Ref: 1.H-C/3.100/ft/457-04
Attention: Mr.XXXX Project Manager
Subject: XXXX Hydropower Project, Contract Lot 1B/2/3 Correction to be made in one of our letter
Reference: 1)Your Letter CX/HX/366/04 dated 22 May 2004
2)Our Letter 1.H-C/3.342/dp/415-04
dated 17 May 2004
3)Your Letter CX/HX/326/04 dated 07 May 2004
Dear Sir，We apologize for the printing error that was shown on our letter 2)above.We confirm your findings about those printing errors and appreciated the action you have taken to correct them.Yours faithfully，Mr.XXXX
Resident Engineer XXXX Engineering Company International L.P.
第二篇：经贸英语
专有名词
金融市场：financial market收入分配：the distribution of income
政府(支出、政策、债券)：government(spending、policy、bond)
预算赤字：budget deficit贸易模式：the patterns of trade
发展中国家：developing country市场机制：the market mechanism
经济周期：business cycle经济扩张：business expansion
大萧条：the Great Depression零和博弈：zero-sum game
后此谬误：The Post Hoc Fallacy合成缪误：The Fallacy of Composition
国民生产总值(GNP)：the gross national product
名义和实际：nominal and real可支配收入：disposable income
留存盈余：retained earning需求总供给：the aggregate demand and supply
转移支付：transfer outlay宏观政策手段：Macroeconomic Policy Levers
自由贸易：free trade货币政策财政政策：monetary policy and fiscal policy公开市场操作：open market operation法定准备金率：reserve requirement
再贴现率：discount rates通货膨胀：actual inflation
充分就业：full employment经济增长：rapid growth of output
价格稳定：price stability(移动、固定)汇率：(free、fixed)exchange rate
绝对优势：absolute advantage比较优势理论：the principle of comparative advantage
机会成本：opportunity cost生产可能边界：production possibility
不兑现纸币：fiat money联邦储存系统：The Federal Reserve system
联邦公开市场委员会(FOMC)：The Federal Open Market Committee
短期交替: a short-run tradeoff活期存款：demand deposit
资产负债表：T-account百分百储存银行：100-Percent-Reserve Banking
货币乘数：the money multiplier超额准备金：excess reserve
法律合同：a legal contract邀约和接受：offer and acceptance
人事保险：life insurance投机风险：speculative risk
单边过程：a one-sided process最大限度利用：make the most of
不可再生资源：nonrenewable energy工业革命：the Industrial Revolution
限定价格：price fix内幕交易：inside trade
常识：common sense公益机构：a nonprofit organization
饱受损失：exposure to loss艺术博物馆：art museum
会计事务所：accounting firm年报：annual report
租赁服务：rental service经验和直觉：experience and intuition
市场细分：market segment目标市场：target market
品牌忠诚度：brand loyalty以收入水平为基础：on the basis of income level
肯接受的准确性：acceptable accuracy市场潜力：market potential
操作系统：operating system临床研究：clinical study
马斯诺的需要层次论：Maslow's Needs Hierarchy Theory
自然灾害：natural disaster有的放矢：plunge right in
第三篇：经贸英语
伦敦人民币交易量大幅上升
金融时报2013-10-09
London has strengthened its position as a global hub for offshore renminbi, as new market players drive a rapid rise in international trading of the Chinese currency.伦敦强化了其作为离岸人民币全球中心的地位。新的市场参与者推动人民币国际交易快速增长。
The UK capital, the world’s dominant centre for foreign exchange
transactions, accounts for per cent of renminbi trading conducted outside China and Hong Kong.That 62 compares with 54 per cent in January, the data from payments group Swift show.支付集团Swift的数据显示，作为世界上首屈一指的外汇交易中心，英国首都目前在中国内地和香港以外的人民币交易中占了62%的比重，高于1月份的54%。London’s increased market share came largely at the expense of Singapore, although the US, France and Switzerland all lost ground.Analysts said the city’s standing as the main global centre for trading the US dollar and the euro makes it the natural home for renminbi trading outside Hong Kong.伦敦新增的市场份额主要是从新加坡夺取的，而美国、法国和瑞士也都失去了一些份额。分析师们表示，伦敦作为全球美元和欧元交易主要中心的地位，使其自然成为香港以外人民币交易的首选场所。
Volumes in London are about $5bn a day, up from about $2.5bn at this time last year.Renminbi trading in Hong Kong has also continued to rise rapidly, from about $8bn in daily volume at the end of 2012 to as much as $13bn, says HSBC.伦敦的人民币日交易量目前达到大约50亿美元，而去年此时只有25亿美元左右。汇丰(HSBC)表示，香港的人民币交易也在继续快速增长，日交易量从2012年底的大约80亿美元增至130亿美元左右。
Overall trading volumes in the renminbi have risen 113 per cent this year, according to Swift, overtaking the Swedish krona, the South Korean won and the Russian rouble in the global league table.据Swift介绍，今年人民币总交易量已增长113%，在全球榜单上超越瑞典克朗、韩元和俄罗斯卢布。
Ju Wang, Asian currency strategist at HSBC, said the expansion in renminbi trading had been driven by a wave of deregulation, the emergence of trading centres and fresh sources of demand.汇丰亚洲外汇策略师王菊表示，推动人民币交易量扩大的因素包括：一连串放松管制的措施、若干交易中心的形成，以及新的需求来源。
“We see a lot of new players, like hedge funds, as well as corporates, who use the renminbi for hedging purposes,” said Ms Wang, who added that central banks and private bank clients had also shown strong interest.“我们看到很多新的参与者，比如对冲基金，还有企业，他们将人民币用于对冲
目的，”王菊表示。她补充称，各国央行和私人银行客户也表现出极大兴趣。The rise in trading chimes with the long-term goal of Chinese policy makers to internationalise their currency.Taiwan this year became the second place outside mainland China where renminbi transactions could be settled directly, with Singapore following soon after.The People’s Bank of China has signed currency swap agreements, including with the Bank of England.人民币交易量的增长与中国政策制定者推动人民币国际化的长远目标是一致的。今年，台湾成为中国大陆以外第二个能够直接结算人民币交易的地方，新加坡也在不久后做到这一点。中国央行已签署多项货币互换(互惠外汇信贷)协议，包括与英国央行(Bank of England)达成的此类协议。
The loosening of investment restrictions has widened the options for those holding renminbi as part of broader financial reforms.In March,regulators gave international money managers the freedom to choose how to invest renminbi holdings onshore.放松投资限制作为整体金融改革的一部分，拓宽了人民币持有者的选择范围。今年3月，监管机构让国际基金管理公司自由选择如何投资在岸人民币。
Ms Wang said that the recently opened Shanghai free-trade zone would likely lead to a pick-up in trading, although what would be possible inside the zone has yet to be made clear.汇丰的王菊表示，最近成立的上海自贸区有望推动人民币交易量进一步增长，尽管官方尚未阐明自贸区内具体能够从事哪些活动。
The data back up trends seen in a Bank of International Settlements survey that showed that the renminbi’s share of trading volume jumped from 0.9 per cent in 2010 to 2.2 per cent in 2013.Swift’s numbers suggest much of that increase occurred this year.交易量数据与国际清算银行(BIS)一项调查所显示的趋势吻合。该调查发现，人民币在外汇交易量中所占比重已从2010年的0.9%跃升至2013年的2.2%。Swift的数据似乎表明，相当大一部分增长发生在今年。
Although renminbi volumes remain small compared with the US dollar and the euro, it is fast gaining ground on the Canadian dollar and the Swiss franc.虽然人民币交易量与美元和欧元相比仍很小，但它正在快速赶上加拿大元和瑞士法郎。
第四篇：经贸英语求职信参考
经贸英语求职信参考,关键词是求职信,经贸英语,
尊敬的领导：
您好!
感谢您在百忙之中审阅我的求职申请，给予我毛遂自荐的机会。
我是太原理工大学外语系08经贸英语专业的一名学生，即将于明年七月完成学业，真正地步入社会，开始人生的新一段征程。
上大学后，我最郑重的告诉自己的一句话是：学通你的专业，利用它为你的人生开辟道路。于是我以交际英语为方向，首先侧重于打好基础，从听，说，读，写几方面训练基本技能，在达到自如地运用英语的基础上，我学习了英美概况，英美文学，英语语法等相关专业知识，同时，我还学习了部分经贸英语知识，这些努力不仅使我的专业水平每年都有相应提高，而且拓展了视野，丰富了经验，并使我于大二时以良好的成绩通过了国家英语四级和六级考试。
大学三年里，有收获也有遗憾，但欣慰的是这些经历使我学会了冷静，执着，使我变的愈加独立，坚韧;教会我学会在人生的坐标上寻找适合自己的位置，并不断调整和完善自我;更让我意识到要勇于在人生的不同阶段迎接新的挑战。所以当又一次走到人生的十字路口时，我诚挚地希望能加入你们这群充满生命力，竞争力和挑战力的精英队伍中，在各方英才的领导和帮助下，为公司的再度发展和腾飞推波助澜!
祝贵公司事业蒸蒸日上，屡创佳绩!祝您的事业百尺竿头，更进一步!殷切地盼望您的佳音，谢谢!
第五篇：经贸英语 chapter1
今年全国“两会”已经开始了，那两会用英语怎么说呢？
Air pollution, corruption and the wealth gap are the three issues of most concern to the public ahead of the annual parliamentary sessions of China, dubbed as “two sessions”, according to an online survey.一项网络调查显示，在一年一度的“两会”召开之际，大家最关注的三大问题分别为：大气污染、腐败问题以及贫富差距。
The issue of pollution has grown in importance for people since last year's survey which then showed the top three issues as being the cost of living, the environment and employment.与去年相比，污染问题对于人们的重要程度有所提高。去年的调查显示，人们最关注的三大问题为：生活成本、环境和就业。
The majority of respondents said air pollution is the most urgent issue which needs to be addressed and they expect the “two sessions” to put forward practical measures to tackle the problem.大多数调查对象表示，大气污染是当务之急，需予以解决，他们期待“两会”能提出一些切实可行的措施来解决该问题。【讲解】
文中的two sessions就是“两会”的意思，其中session是名词，意为“会议”，一般指定期正式召开的会议，如：
The Congress ended its first session on January 4.代表大会第一次会议在1月4日结束。
而meeting是普通用词，指一般性的会议，可用于任何场合，如：departmental meeting（部门会议），sports meeting（运动会）1.养老保险 pension insurance system 2.反腐倡廉 anti-corruption bid 3.依法拆迁 lawful housing demolition and relocation 4.调控房价 housing prices control 5.贫富差距 gap between the rich and the poor(wealth gap)6.就业问题 employment 7.医疗改革 medical reform下岗再就业 Re-employment after being laid off 登记失业率 registered unemployment rate 分组讨论 panel discussion 城乡差距 rural-urban divide 基本医疗保险 basic medical insurance 家电下乡Home appliances going to the countryside 中小型企业 SMEs 教育公平Equal Access to Education 8.司法公正 judicial justice 9.民主监督 democratic supervision 10.教育公平equal access to education opening speech 开幕式致辞
small-and medium-sized enterprises 中小型企业crops' minimum purchase prices粮食最低收购价
per-capita income人均收入
window guidance窗口指导(监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。)propel/expand domestic deman扩大内需 proactive fiscal policy积极的财政政策
moderately easy monetary policy适度宽松的货币政策 rural-urban development divide 城乡差距 government work report政府工作报告 dairy product standards乳制品标准
scattered production model分散生产模式(Such a scattered production model is the fundamental reason that there have been so many food safety incidents.这种分散生产模式是诸多食品安全问题的根源。)administrative transparency政务透明
bridging loan过渡性贷款(Bridging, or a bridging loan, is short-term financing made available pending arrangement of intermediate or long-term financing.过渡性贷款是一种在中期或长期融资安排确定前的短期融资。
comfortable Housing Project安居工程 careers guidance就业指导 three Direct Links“大三通”(通邮、通航、通商)healthcare reform.package医改方案 basic medicine system基本医疗体制 home appliances going to the countryside家电下乡 equal Access to Education教育公平
golden September and silver October金九银十 rural left-behind population 农村留守人口
issues of agriculture, farmer and rural area三农问题
three insurances and one fund “三险一金”(养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险和住房公积金)administrative accountability行政问责制(是指一级政府对现任该级政府负责人、该级政府所属各工作部门和下级政府主要负责人在所管辖的部门和工作范围内由于故意或者过失，不履行或者正确履行法定职责，以致影响行政秩序和行政效率，贻误行政工作，或者损害行政管理相对人的合法权益，给行政机关造成不良影响和后果的行为，进行内部监督和责任追究的制度)。
defense budget 国防预算
National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议 11th Five-year Development Program 十一五发展规划 Innovation-oriented Society 创新型社会 Scientific Concept of Development 科学发展观 Township Health Service 城乡医疗服务 Rural Compulsory Education 农村义务教育
Building New Socialist Countryside 建设社会主义新农村 Cross-straits peace and stability 两岸和平与稳定
Increase the flexibility of the RMB exchange rate 增加人民币汇率的灵活性 President of the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国主席 Central Military Commission 中央军事委员会 Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院
Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院 Presidium 主席团
Standing Committee 常务委员会 General Office 办公厅
Secretariat 秘书处
Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 内务司法委员会 Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 华侨委员会 Commission of Legislative Affairs 法制工作委员会 Committee for Revision of the Constitution 宪法修改委员会 Credentials Committee 代表资格审查委员会 Motions Examination Committee 提案审查委员会 Ethnic Affairs Committee 民族委员会 Law Committee 法律委员会
Finance and Economy Committee 财政经济委员会 Foreign Affairs Committee 外事委员会
Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 特定问题调查委员会
Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 教育、科学、文化卫生委员会 disaster relief赈灾
defense expenditure国防开支
safeguarding our sovereignty and territory保卫主权和领土完整 top legislative body最高立法机关 social welfare system 社会福利制度 minimum living standard最低生活标准
the imbalance between urban and rural areas城乡发展不平衡 farmer-turned-entrepreneur 农民企业家 basic medical insurance 基本医疗保
window guidance 窗口指导（监管机构利用其在金融体系中特殊的地位和影响，引导金融机构主动采取措施防范风险，进而实现监管目标的监管行为。equal Access to Education 教育公平disaster relief 赈灾
defense expenditure 国防开支
safeguarding our sovereignty and territory 保卫主权和领土完整 top legislative body 最高立法机关 social welfare system 社会福利制度 minimum living standard 最低生活标准
the imbalance between urban and rural areas 城乡发展不平衡 state-run/owned company/enterprise 国有企业
The character “duang” is so new that it does not even exist in the Chinese dictionary.But it has already spread like wildfire online in China, appearing more than 8 million times on China's micro-blogging site Weibo, where it spawned a top-trending hashtag that drew 312,000 discussions among 15,000 users.On China's biggest online search engine Baidu, it has been looked up almost 600,000 times.It's been noticed in the West too, with Foreign Policy seeing it as a “break the internet” viral meme-like a certain Kim Kardashian image, or a certain multicoloured dress.最近大热的“duang”是一个在汉语字典中并不存在的新词，不过这个字甫一出现就以燎原之势在中国的网络上迅速传播开来。这个字在中国的社交网站微博中出现了八亿多次。有15000名用户使用了它，并引发了31.2万次讨论。在中国最大的在线搜索网站百度，这个字的搜索量达60万余次，该现象同样引发了西方媒体的关注，《外交政策》杂志将其称作“引爆互联网”的病毒式传播事件，与之前金·卡戴珊的美臀照和著名的“白金黑蓝之争”的裙装同等待遇。
But what does it mean? 可是这个字到底是什么意思？
“Everyone's duang-ing and I still don't know what it means!Looks like it's back to school for me,” said Weibo user Weileiweito.“每个人都在“duang”，可我连duang什么意思都不知道，这让我仿佛又重回了校园时代。”微博用户Weileiweito说。
Another user asked: “Have you duang-ed today? My mind is full of duang duang duang.” 而另一位用户发问“今天你“duang”了吗？”我现在满脑都是“duang，duang duang。” “To duang or not to duang, that is the question,” wrote user BaiKut automan.“Duang还是不duang，这是一个问题，”BaiKut如是说。
“Duang” seems to be an example of onomatopoeia, a word that phonetically imitates a sound.It all seems to have started with Hong Kong action star Jackie Chan, who in 2004 was featured in a shampoo commercial where he said famously defended his sleek, black hair using the rhythmical-sounding “duang”.The word resurfaced again recently after Chan posted it on his Weibo page.Thousands of users then began to flood Chan's Weibo page with comments, coining the word in reference to his infamous shampoo appearance.Duang是一个拟声词，用来形容一种声音，来源于香港影星成龙在2004年时拍的一则洗发水广告，他用了duang来形容乌黑亮丽富有动感的头发，而最近成龙在微博上再度使用了duang这一词汇，引得千万网友纷纷访问其微博页面，在该条微博下面评论，并造了这个字来指代他拍的那个洗发水广告。
The word appears to have many different meanings, and there's no perfect translation, but you could use it as an adjective to give emphasis to the word that follows it.A kitten might be “duang cute”, for example.Or you might be “very duang confused” by this blog.duang这个字好像有很多种意思，到目前为止并没有一个确切对应的英文翻译，不过，你可以把它当做形容词用，用来强调跟在它后面的那个词，比如你可以说一只小猫是“duang萌”，看到这里，你也许是“非常duang糊涂”了。
For readers of Chinese characters, the Jackie Chan theme is also apparent from the quirky way in which the word is written: a combination of Chan's Mandarin names.而duang对应的汉字是什么呢？这个字以一种非常离奇的方式被造出来，将“成龙”这两个字组在一起就成了duang。
用法一：作为拟声词
英文例句：The sound of Mr.Skinny fell: pia!The sound of Mr.Fat fell: duang!中文：@纯良大叔 “瘦子摔倒的声音：pia！胖子摔倒的声音：duang！”
用法二：作为名词。特效的同义词。和外国人解释中文的特效怎么说，你就说DUANG~ 英文例句：You say “special effect”, in Chinese, we say “DUANG”.中文：英语“特效”这个单词，在我们中文里的发音就是DUANG~ 用法三：作为形容词，形容的是自己受欺骗的一种心情，表达“都是骗人的！”欲哭无泪。英文例句：“DUANG”, then the holiday is gone.I doubt seriously this is special effect;it's cheating!中文：@跳蝻P “DUANG的一下，假期就没有了。我怀疑这是特效，是骗人的。” 用法四：作为数量形容词。形容意想不到的很快，很多，蜂拥而至。
英文例句：“DUANG~”, thousands of netizens repost my Weibo in a short period of time……but no one could look this word up in the dictionary, because I've found it at Bilibili.中文：@虫治先森 我的微博duang~转发的很快、很多……而字典上跟没就没有这个字——因为我是在B站查到的。
最后为大家献上成龙版《我的洗发液》全程英文歌词直播~欢迎同人二次创作~欢迎拍砖~(来源：iduobo.com)“When I first learned to shoot the shampoo ad, in fact, I refuse!…… Ah …… because I think you cannot beat me to shoot right away , first , I want to try, I do not want to say …… after you shoot an ad shoot plus a lot of special effects , the other end to launch ah …… very black!very bright!very soft!outcome audience will scold me, there is no such hair!this proves that the above is false … … I said first to give me a try.Later, after I know they are medicine , but not the kind of chemical ingredients.After that wash this month ……it down this month , at least I used very comfortable.Now it …… still use every day still use it …..I gave my class used to be married to you that I try to speak with the director :！！！” When the film shoot!after the shoot , the hair is my hair , do not increase , plus stunt up, added that there is no such child!I want to give the audience to see , and then I run out of something like this , you run after , the same way son!“ 原文：“当我第一次知道要拍洗发水广告的时候，其实我是，是拒绝的，我跟导演讲，我拒绝，因为，其实我，根本没有头发……导演跟我讲，拍完加特技，头发很黑很亮很柔……加了一个月特技之后呢，头发DUANG~~~后来我也知道他们是假的，是化学成分的。我现在呢，每天还是加特技，加了很多特技，头发，DUANG~~DUANG~~DUANG~~我的头发乌黑浓密，因为我，加特技……”
看完下面25个句子，你会觉得自己的英语学的不够到家。这充分说明了语言是文字和文化的有机结合。也一定程度上解释了为什么看美剧抓不住人家笑点的原因。1.Do you have a family? 【正确理解】你有孩子吗？
2.It's a good father that knows his son.【正确理解】就算是最好的父亲，也未必了解自己的儿子。3.I have no opinion of that sort of man.【正确理解】我对这类人很反感。4.The picture flattered her.【正确理解】她比较上照。5.He is a walking skeleton.【正确理解】他很瘦。
6.You don't know what you are talking about.【正确理解】你在胡说八道。
7.You don't begin to understand what they mean.【正确理解】你根本不知道他们在干嘛。（not begin to：毫不）8.They didn't praise him slightly.【正确理解】他们大大地表扬了他。9.That's all I want to hear.【正确理解】我已经听够了。
10.I wish I could bring you to see my point.【正确理解】你要我怎么说你才能明白呢。11.You really flatter me.【正确理解】你让我受宠若惊。12.He made a great difference.【正确理解】他很关键。
13.You cannot give him too much money.【正确理解】你给他再多的钱也不算多。（not…too/over…连用表示“再…也不为过”）14.The long exhausting trip proved too much.【正确理解】这次旅行旷日持久，我们都累倒了。15.She held the little boy by the right hand.【正确理解】她抓着小男孩的右手。（这里”by“与”with“动作主语完全相反）16.Are you there? 【正确理解】你还在听吗？（等于Do you follow me?)17.If you think he is a good man, think again.【正确理解】如果你认为他是好人，那你就大错特错了。18.That took his breath away.【正确理解】他大惊失色。
19.Two is company but three is none.【正确理解】两人成伴，三人不欢。20.Students are still arriving.【正确理解】学生还没有到齐。
21.They went away as wise as they came.【正确理解】他们一无所获。22.I won't do it to save my life.【正确理解】我死也不会做。
23.I don't think his painting is any better than yours.【正确理解】我认为他的画比你好不到哪去。24.You don't want to do that.【正确理解】你不应该去做。
25.Rubber easily gives way to pressure.【正确理解】橡胶很容易变形。（give way to：向...让步、屈服）
前央视记者柴静自费拍摄的一部环保纪录片《穹顶之下》通过网络播映后，引起广泛关注。雾霾在两会前夕又成为人们关注的热点。
Chai Jing, former presenter and journalist with China Central Television, presents a self-funded documentary about smog in Beijing, Feb 28, 2015.”Under the Dome", a smog documentary released by Chai Jing has been viewed more than 17 million times on Youku and has provoked national discussion after going viral online.柴静发布的“雾霾纪录片”《穹顶之下》在优酷上已播放超过1700万次，在网上迅速传播后引发了全国的热烈讨论。
雾霾（smog）我们并不陌生，“雾霾记录片”可以用smog documentary 表示
《穹顶之下》（Under the Dome）是柴静自费制作的雾霾纪录片（a self-funded documentary about smog），这是一份调查性报道（investigative reporting），通过国内外实地调查（field investigations at home and abroad），采访了官员、科学家及普通民众，提供了大量数据。柴静在视频中列举了一些受污染困扰地区（pollution-plagued areas）的现状，调查了雾霾是什么？它从哪儿来？我们怎么办？三个问题，也披露了部分行业的监管漏洞（regulation loopholes），呼吁保护公共利益（public interest），同时也呼吁公众举报非法排放（reporting illegal emitters），承担个人责任（individual responsibility）。
柴静的视频受到了很多民众，如环保倡导者（environmental advocate）的好评，环保部长陈吉宁感谢柴静唤起公众对环境关注，但也受到一些人的猛烈抨击。
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