第一篇:人教版小学四年级英语语法总结
本文把小学三年级英语所学习的语法做了一个系统全面的总结,方便学生们复习,希望对学生们有所帮助。
(一)情态动词can
can 在英语中有一个特殊的名字,叫做情态动词,表示“能够”,“会”,“能力”后面要跟着表示动作的动词。没有时态和人称的变化。表示不能做什么的时候,后面加上 not为can not,或者缩写为can’t。问别人“能„吗?”要把can 放在句子前面,首字母要大写,句尾别忘加上问号。
例句:
—I can swing.I can draw.—She can jump.He can play.—We can touch.They can run.—I can’t sing.You can’t see.—She can’t dance.He can’t hear a car.—We can’t hear an aeroplane.—Can you hear a dog?Can he hear a bus?—Can Lucy write?Can you do it?
将下面各组词组成句子
1._____________(an,aeroplane,hear,Lucy,can)
2._____________________(not,he,dance,can)
3.__________________?(you,can,see,what)
4._________________(can,see,not,we,you)
5._________________.(I,can,help,you)
6._____________________?(I,can,do,what)
7.___________________?(you,can,hear me)
8.___________________?(you,can,dance)
(二)人称代词所属格
注意:主格作主语,其中she指带代国家,it可指代天气时间等。
宾格作宾语,介词宾语,表语。动词后面用人称宾格
形容词性物主代词作定语。
名词性物主代词作主语,宾语,介词宾语,表语书信yours„
表示----的,这样的词我们也学习很多了,你能想出来吗?
记住这个小口诀就很容易了:我的 my,你的your,他的 his、她的her.//它的是its;我们的 our;你们的是 your他们(它们,她们)的是their//这些人称代词形式称为人称代词所属格,也叫形容词性物主代词。通常用在名词前面表示所属关系。另外,表示某人的还可以用名词或人名+ ’s 来表示。如:
my kite;your book;his pen;her coat;its tail;our class;
their teachers;my brother’s;book;the cat’s ears;Mary’s mother
一.写出下列人称代词的所属格形式 I________ you_________
he______________
She_________ it____________ we_____________ You_________ they_________
二.用合适的人称代词填空
(1)This is Ben.This is _______bicycle.(2)I am Kitty.______ bag is blue
(3)She’s Alice.That’s _____ umbrella.(4)You are Mr Li.______ car is black.(5)Is this ______ hat? Yes,it’s my hat.(6)That’s my mother.That’s _____ coat.(7)Where’s ______ scarf? Here you are.(8)He’s Mr Wang._____ gloves are new.三.翻译下列词组
1.你的名字 _____________ 2.我们班___________
3.他的小弟弟____________ 4.我祖母___________
5.它的尾巴 ______________ 6.我的鞋____________
7.她的围巾________________ 8.我的衬衫_________
9.他们的老师______________ 10.玛丽的雨伞_________
四.用下列单词组句
1.___________________________(my,is,name,Tom)
2.____________________________(is,miss,Gao,our,friend)
3.____________________________(is what,your number,telephone)
4.____________________________?(mother,your,a teacher,is)
5.____________________________?(who’s,cap,it,is)
答案:一.I(my)you(your)he(his)she(her)it(its)We(our)you(your)they(their)
三.1.your name 2.our class 3.his little brother 4.my grandmother 5.its tail 6.my shoes 7.her scarf 8.my shirt 9.their teacher 10.Mary’s umbrella
四.1.My name is Tom.2.Miss Gao is our friend 3.What’s your telephone number? 4.Is your mother a teacher? 5.Who’s cap is it?
(三)介词、连词和感叹词
1.介词:介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用,必须在介词后面加上个名词或代词使用,作句子成份。
介词后面的名词(或相当于名词的其它词)叫做介词的宾语。介词和介词宾语合称为介词短语。介词短语在句中可作壮语、定语或表语。
介词如: in 在„里面on在„上面under在„下面等。
in the classroom in the tree in the hall
on the road on the desk on the floor
under the table under the bed under the chair
2.连词:连词是用来连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子等的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词,在句子中不能单独作句子成分。连词分两类:一类叫等立连词,另一类叫从属连词。
(1).等立连词是用来连接同等的词、词组和分句的。等立连词有许多
我们现在只学到了and和but,其他的以后学到再介绍。
如:A and B;blue and white ;an apple and a banana;a car and a bus;Lucy and Ben;Ben and Kitty;
This is a lorry and that’s a drill.I like dolls and you like robots.(2).从属连词是用来引起从句的、从属连词又分为
1)引起名词性从句的连接词,如:if,that 等。
2)引起壮语从句的连接词,如:when,after,befare等。以后会逐渐学到再介绍。
3.感叹词: 表示说话人的某种感情(惊讶,高兴,痛苦等)的词叫感叹词。感叹词后常用感叹号。常用的感叹词有:oh(表示惊奇或痛苦),ah(表示惊奇或满意),hello(常被用来打招呼相当于汉语的“喂!”),well(表示惊讶,无奈)
如:Hello.Are you Mary?
练习:翻译下列词组
1.在桌子上面
2.在树下面
3.在椅子上面
4.在盒子里面
5.在黑板上
6.在书里
7.在脸上
8.在公共汽车上
9.一只猫和一只狗.10.又小又胖
答案:1.on the desk 2.under the tree 3.on the chair 4.in the box 5.on the blackboard 6.in the book 7.on the face 8.on the bus 9.a cat and a dog 10.small and fat(四)单数句和复数句:
口诀:单数句子变,变化规则要记住。名词代词要变化,am,is要变are。
this,that变成啥,these,those来替它。he,she,it要变啥,全部变they不用怕。
I要变we莫落下,名词后面把s/es加。名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。
具体注意下面的六要素:
1.单数主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即I→we; you→you; she,he,it→they。如: She is a girl.→They are girls.2. am,is要变为are。如: I‘m a student.→We are students.3.不定冠词a,an要去掉。如: He is a boy.→They are boys.4.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如: It is a cat.→They are cats.5.指示代词this,that要变为these,those。如: This is a book.→These are books.6. man,woman作定语修饰可数名词时,要在 ”数”上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示 ”性质”时,不作变化。如:
He is a man doctor.→They are men doctors.This is an apple tree.→They are apple trees.单复数相互转换,每空一词(含缩写)。
1.The woman is a nurse.(改为复数句)
The _________ _________ _________.2.There are some old cars.(改为单数句)
There _______ _______ old _______.3.He has a new book.(改为复数句)
______ ______ new _______.4.Are these your chicks ?(改为单数句)
_____ _______ your _______?
5.Is there a sheep in the playground?(改为复数句)
____ there ____ ____ in the playground?
(五)一般疑问句及特殊疑问句
句子基本是:简单陈述句,由简单陈述句转变成肯定句,否定句,疑问句。疑问句是用来提出问题。英语中有四种疑问句: 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。我们现在已经接触到了前两种疑问句。后两种疑问句以后我们还会学到.一.一般疑问句:
英语中要用 yes和no 来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。如:
1)Is it hot ?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.—— be动词引导
2)Is it a car ?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.—— be动词引导
3)Is this your ruler ?Yes,it is.No,it isn’t.—— be动词引导
4)Do you like bananas ?——含实义动词
Yes,I like bananas.No,I don’t like bananas.5)Can Ming hear a drill ?——含情态动词
Yes,Ming can hear a drill.No,Ming can’t hear a drill.二.陈述句(肯定句,否定句,一般疑问句)的转变规律:
1.肯定句:2.否定句:3.一般疑问句及肯否定回答
1)主语+be动词+„.1)主语+be动词+not+„.1)be动词+主语+„?
Yes,主语+be动词./No,主语+be动词+not.I am a teacher.I amnot a teacher.Are you a teacher?
--Yes,I am./ No,I am not.My mother is thin.My mother is not /isn’t thin.Is your mother thin?
--Yes,she is./ No,she isn’t.They areinsects.They are not/aren’t insects.Are they insects?
--Yes.they are./ No,they aren’t.2)主语+情态动词can+„ 2)主语+情态动词can+ not+„.2)情态动词can+主语+„?
Yes,主语+情态动词can/
No,主语+情态动词can+ not
He can jump.He cannot/can’tjump.Can he jump?
--Yes,he can./ No,he can’t.3)助动词do/does+主语+„.动词原形+„.动词原形?
Yes,主语+助动词do/does.No,主语+助动词do/does+not.He likes to eat apples.He doesn’t like to eat apples.Does he like to eat apples?
Yes,he does./ No,he doesn’t.二.祈使句:表示请求、命令、建议或劝告等的句子叫祈使句,主语you常省略。
1、肯定形式:一般以动词原形开头。Open the door,please.2、否定形式:在句首谓语动词前加Don‘t。Don‘t be late for class.三特殊疑问句(又叫wh-question)
用特殊疑问词来提出问题的疑问句叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词一般要放在句首。常用的疑问词有what who,which how 等这些词都以wh开头(包括how)所以也叫作wh-question。特殊疑问句要求回答具体内容。不能用yes或no回答。结构:疑问词+一般疑问句。回答不能用yes / no(或相当于yes / no)回答的问句。答句的句式同肯定句句式:如:
What can you see ? I can see a cat.What can you hear ? I can hear a bus.What can you do ? I can sing and dance.What is it ? It’s a panda.What do you like ? I like playing football
How old are you ? I’m ten.一.将下列句子变成一般疑问句
Mr Wang is thirsty。
2.The elephent’s ears are long。
3.We like birds。
4.Hello.You are his mother。
5.I can sing and dance.二将下列每组词各组成一句特殊疑问句
1.(you are how)._______________?.2.(old how Ben is)_________ ________?
3.colour is what your shirt____________?
4.(can see what the on you desk)____?
5.(like what do you)________________?
答案:一.1.Is Mr Wang thirsty? 2.Are the elephent’s ears long 3.Do you like birds? 4.Hello.Are you his mother? 5.Can you sing and dance?
二.1.How are you? 2.How old is Ben ? 3.What colour is your shirt? 4.What can you see on the desk? 5.What do you like?
第二篇:人教版小学四年级英语语法总结
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats 2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches(手表)3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries 但boy-boys 4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives leaf-leaves 5.以o结尾 有生命的加es 无生命的加s,如:potato-potatoes tomatoes photo-photos piano-pianos 不规则名词的复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, goose-geese 不可数名词没有复数形式: paper, juice, water, milk, rice, tea 在具体句子中我们应该把不可数名词当成单数看待 二、一般现在时 一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的标志词:often, usually, sometimes, every等 一般现在时的构成 主语+动词原形。
如: We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it,my father等)时
主语(三单)+动词的三单形式(要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”)如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化
否定句:主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如: I don't like bread.He doesn't like bread, too.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。如: Do you go to school by bike? Yes, I do./ No, I don't.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用does构成一般疑问句。如: Does she go to school by bike? Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How dou you go to school? How does your father go to work? 动词的第三人称单数的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, make-makes 2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如: wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies 但play-plays 不规则变化 have-has
三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。2.现在进行时的肯定句 基本结构:主语+be+ 动词ing.如: I am eating.现在进行时的否定句
基本结构:主语+be not + 动词ing.如: I am not eating.现在进行时的一般疑问句
基本结构: be动词 +主语 +动词ing.如: Are you eating? 现在进行时的特殊疑问句
基本结构:特殊疑问词+ be +主语+动词ing? 如:What are you eating? 动词的ing形式(动词的现在分词)的变化规则 1 一般情况下直接在动词后面加ing read--reading sleep---sleeping study---studying clean--cleaning play---playing 2 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉字母e,再加ing come---coming make---making ride---riding have---having take---taking write---writing dance---dancing 3 以重读闭音节(重读闭音节即两个辅音中间夹一个元音并且重读的音节)结尾,呈现 “辅,元,辅”结构的动词,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing stop--stopping停 sit--sitting坐 run--running跑 begin—beginning开始 cut--cutting切 get--getting得到 swim--swimming游 dig--digging挖 四、一般将来时
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作以及打算或者准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, this weekeng, next day(week, month, year„),等。
二、基本结构: ①主 + be going to + 动词原形; ②主 +will+ 动词原形.I am going to play football tomorrow(明天).= I will play football tomorrow.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)后加not,主 + be not going to + 动词原形。例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: 把be提到句首,some改为any, 第一二人称互换。Be + 主+ going to +动词原形? 例如:We are going to swim this weekend.→ Are you going to swim this weekend? 五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。2.一般过去时Be动词的变化:
⑴ am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)⑵ are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶ 带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。3.没有be动词的一般过去时
肯定句: 主语+动词过去式? 如: Jim went home yesterday.否定句: 主语+didn’t +动词原形? 如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句: Did+主语+动词原形? 如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形? 如: What did Jim do yesterday? ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday? 动词过去式变化规则: 1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:clean-cleaned, cook-cooked 2.以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加d,如:like-liked live-lived 3.末尾有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,双写末尾的辅音字母,加-ed,如:stop-stopped 4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied 但play-played 5.不规则动词过去式:
am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, fly-flew, , swim-swam
六、比较级
1、比较级在句子中的运用:两个事物或人的比较用比较级,比较级后面一般带有单词than。一般句式的构成:
A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B A 是主格 B 是宾格 如: She is taller than me.2.形容词加er的规则: ⑴ 一般在词尾加er 如:small--smaller clean--cleaner ; ⑵ 以字母e 结尾,加r 如:fine--finer nice--nicer;
⑶闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母,须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 如:big--bigger hot--hotter ;
第三篇:小学英语语法总结
语法及练习1be动词
Be 动词的用法:
(1)Am--was Is--was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,复数全用are。
(2)肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long.Her eyes are(not)small.(3)一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.用恰当的be动词填空。
1.I ______ a boy.______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.2.The girl______ Jack's sister.3.The dog _______ tall and fat.4.The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.5.______ your brother in the classroom?
6.Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.7.How _______ your father?
8.Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.9.Whose dress ______ this?
10.Whose socks ______ they?
语法及练习2 人称代词和物主代词
人称代词和物主代词
1.人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。
2.物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。
一.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but _________ is very big.(I)
2.The dress is _________.Give it to _________.(she)
3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)
4._________ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)
5._________ dresses are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)
语法及练习3 名词复数和动词三单
一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
练习:写出下列各词的复数。
I _________him _________this _______her ______watch _______ book_______
child _______ photo ________ diary ______day________foot________ dress ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______yo-yo ______ peach______ sandwich ______ man______woman_______ paper_______ people________
二.动词三单的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s.x.sh.ch.o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
练习: 写出下列动词的第三人称单数。
drink ________go _______stay ________make ________look _________
have_______pass_______carry ____come________watch______
plant_______fly ________study_______brush________teach_______
语法及练习4 一般现在时
一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍
一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加“-s”或“-es”。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化
1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+ be + not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be +主语+其它。如:-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./ No, I'm not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。否定句:主语+ don't(doesn't)+动词原形(+其它)。如:I don't like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时,要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.一般疑问句:Do(Does)+主语+动词原形+其它。
如:-Do you often play football?Yes, she does./ No, she doesn't.特殊疑问句:疑问词+一般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?
一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.He often ________(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be)in Class One.3.We _______(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _______(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5.______ they ________(like)the World Cup?
语法及练习5 现在进行时
现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为:疑问词不达意 + be + 主语 + 动词ing?
但疑问词当主语时其结构为: 疑问词不达意 + be + 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, stop-stopping现在进行时专项练习:
一、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _______________(sing)in the classroom.3.My mother _________________(cook)some nice food now.4.What _____ you ______(do)now?
5.Look.They _______________(have)an English lesson.语法及练习6 将来时
将来时
一、概念:
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to + do; ②will+ do.三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.四、一般疑问句: be或will提到句首,some改为any, and改为or,第一二人称互换。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend.→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
五、对划线部分提问:一般情况,一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1.问人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon.→Who’s going to New York soon.2.问干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon.→What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3.问什么时候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine.→When is she going to bed?
六、同义句:be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天).= I will go swimming tomorrow.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.2.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.3.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.4.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.5.I ________________(plan)for my study now.语法及练习7 一般过去时
一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子,其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑问句:在句首加did,句子中的动词过去式变回原形。如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?
⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i,再加-ed,如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
过去时综合练习
一、用动词的适当形式填空。
1.It ______(be)Ben’s birthday last Friday.2.We all ______(have)a good time last night.3.He ________(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen ________(milk)a cow on Friday.5.She likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday.(read)
语法及练习8 There be 句型与have, has
There be 句型与have, has的区别
1、There be 句型表示:在某地有某物(或人)
2、在there be 句型中,主语是单数,be 动词用is;主语是复数,be 动词用are;如有几件物品,be 动词根据最*近be 动词的那个名词决定。
3、there be 句型的否定句在be 动词后加not , 一般疑问句把be 动词调到句首。
4、there be句型与have(has)的区别:there be 表示在某地有某物(或人);have(has)表示某人拥有某物。
5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的运用:some 用于肯定句,any 用于否定句或疑问句。
6、and 和or 在there be句型中的运用:and 用于肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑问句。
7、针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语? How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语?
8、针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是: What’s + 介词短语?
Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”
1.I________a good father and a good mother.2.____________a telescope on the desk.3.He_________a tape-recorder.4._____________a basketball in the playground.5.She__________some dresses.6.They___________a nice garden.7.What do you___________?
8.______________a reading-room in the building?
9.What does Mike___________?
10.______________any books in the bookcase?
11.My father_________a story-book.12._______________a story-book on the table.13._______________any flowers in the vase?
14.How many students____________in the classroom?
第四篇:小学英语语法总结
小学英语语法总结
在小升初备战的关键时刻,同学们一定要把各科的知识点进行系统的整理,让自己的知识立体化、结构化。丁博士帮同学们整理了小学英语语法总结。
小学英语语法总结
一、名词的复数。
名词按其数,可分两种:可数名词和不可数名词.可数名词的复数变化规则:
1.一般情况下,直接在词尾加-s, 如:girl-girls, book-books, pen-pens
2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词,在词后加-es, 如:class-classes, box-boxes, match-matches,3.以辅音字母+y结尾的,变y 为i 再加-es, 如:city-cities, family-families, country-countries
4.以f或fe结尾的,变f或fe为v再加-es, 如:knife-knives, wife-wives, life-lives,5.以o 结尾的加-es或-s, 如: radio-radios, tomato-tomatoes, potato-potatoes, zoo-zoos, photo-photos,6.man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, child-children,二、时态小结
时态定义特征动词的变化规则
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作.every day/morning/„
usually第三人称单数的变化情况:
1.一般情况在词尾直接加-s
2.以ch,sh,s,x或o结尾的词加-es
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-es
一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或情况.yesterday morning/afternoon/eveninglast year/month
a minute ago/an hour ago
this morning/afternoon/evening动词过去式的变化情况:
1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ed
2.以e结尾的词加-d
3.以辅音字母加y结尾的词,将y改成i再加-ed
4.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ed
现在进行时表示现在或现在一阶段正在进行的动作.now/ look/ listen现在分词的变化情况:
1.一般情况在词尾直接加-ing
2.以e结尾的词,去掉e再加-ing
3.以重读闭音节结尾的词,双写最后一个字母加-ing
一般将来时表示将要发生的事情tomorrow
the day after tomorrow/
the next day/Monday„
at the weekend/tonight
tomorrow night/morning/afternoon主要构成be going to/will + 动词原形
be +形容词
凡是在must, mustn’t, can, can’t, let’s, don’t, may,will后的一定要用动词的原形完整版的小学英语语法总结,请点击链接在优教网上免费下载>>小学英语语法总结.doc小学英语语法口诀
现在进行时用法
主语在句首,am, is, are跟在后,现在分词跟着走,其他成分不可丢。
表示动作正进行,句中now时间定。
一般问句,把be提到句前去。
否定句式也简单,be后只把not添。
特殊疑问句用法
What用途广,要问“什么”它当先。(What’s this?)How开头来“问安”。(How are you?)
Who问“谁”。(Who’s that man?)
“谁的”Whose来承担。(Whose eraser is this?)询问“某地”用Where。(Where is her cat?)“哪一个”Which句首站。(Which one?)
动词加-s或-es方法歌诀
动词三单现在式,一般词尾加-s。
s, x, ch, sh在词尾,直接加上-es。
词尾若是字母o,加上-es不用愁。
“辅音字母+y“来结尾,变y为i是正规。-es后边紧跟随,study→studies看明白。“be going to”的用法口诀
be going to, 表打算,准备、计划将干。
表可能,有必然,通过现象来推断。
使用它,要注意,疑问形式be提前。
否定句,更简单,not放在be后边。
to之后,动原形,be的形式看人称。
下列词,要注意,come go和离去(leave)
进行时,表将来,牢牢记住莫忘记。
祈使句用法
祈使句,祈使句,请求、命令或建议。
主语是you常省去,动词原形开头记。否定形式要注意,句首要把Don’t加。要讲客气用please,句首句末没关系。过去式之歌
标准过去式加-ed,少量不规则分别记,am和is对was,二人称复数are变were,have和has用had,do和does变did。规则动词过去式构成方法口诀
过去式构成有方法,一般词尾把-ed加。如果词尾有个e,直接加d就可以。
“辅音字母+y”在词尾,变y为i加ed。“一辅重闭”作尾巴,双写之后-ed加。have/has的用法口诀
动词have表示“有”,位置就在主语后。“三单”主语用has,其他人称用have。There be句型用法口诀
There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边。主语单数用is,复数主语要用are。变否定,很简单,be后要把not添。变问句也不难,把be提到there前。
肯定句中用some,否定/疑问要用any换。
第五篇:小学英语语法总结
小学英语语法总结
1.人称代词
主格: I we you she he it they
宾格: me us you her him it them
形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their
名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容词和副词的比较级
(1)一般在形容词或副词后+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2)多音节词前+more
more interesting, etc.(3)双写最后一个字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.(4)把y变i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5)不规则变化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可数词的复数形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +yf or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5.缩略形式
I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is
it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc
6.a/an
a book,a peachan eggan hour
7.Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Dayin the eveningin December in winter
8.基数词和序数词
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9.Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10.be 动词
(1)Basic form: am/are/is
(2)肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.My eyes are(not)small.My hair is(not)long.(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are.No, you aren’t.Are they American? Yes, they are.No, they aren’t.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is.No, it isn’t.11.there be 结构
肯定句: There is a „There are …
一般疑问句:Is there „? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.Are there…? Yes, there are./No, there aren’t.否定句: There isn’t „.There aren’t….12.祈使句
Sit down pleaseDon’t sit down, please.13.现在进行时.通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.动词 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e-e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.初中英语中的可数与不可数名词-
英语中的名词按其表示的事物性质的不同可分为可数名词与不可数名词。这两种名词在用法上是有区别的,现归纳如下:
一、可数名词有单数、复数之分,如:map → maps onion → onions baker → bakers
不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式。如:some water a lot of bread
二、单数可数名词表示泛指时,前面要用不定冠词 a(an);而不可数名词不能用 a(an).如:
Li Hong is a driver.I am a teacher.李红是一名司机,我是一名教师。
We can't see milk on the table.我们看不见桌上有牛奶。
[ 友情提醒 ] 在表示特指时,不可数名词和可数名词前都要用定冠词 the.如:
Pass me the ball,please.请把球传给我。
The chicken on the plate is yours.盘子里的鸡肉是你的。
三、可数名词表示复数意义时可用 many 等词修饰。如:
many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens
不可数名词则要用 much、a little 等词修饰。如:
much meat a little breadlittle water
[ 友情提醒 ] 这两类名词都可以被 some、any、a lot of(lost of)等修饰。如: some eggs/ paper(纸)。
A lot of(lots of)knives / orange juice
四、可数名词前通常可用具体的数词来修饰。如:
three women
ten babies
不可数名词表示数量的多少时,必须与表示数量的名词连用,即“数词 + 表示数量的名词(可数名词)+ of + 不可数名词”。如:
two glasses of milk 两杯牛奶
five pieces of bread 五片面包
五、可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数与主语的单、复数须保持一致。不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词只能用单数形式。如:
There is some rice in the bowl.碗里有些米饭。
All the students are in the classroom.所有的学生都在教室里。
[ 友情提醒 ] 如果不可数名词前有复数名词短语修饰时,谓语动词须用复数形式。如: There are two bags of rice in the room.房间里有两袋子大米。
六、对可数名词的数量提问用 how many ;对不可数名词的数量提问要用 how much,但对
不可数名词前表示数量名词中的修饰语提问时要用 how many.如:
I can see two pictures on the wall.→ How many pictures can you see on the wall?
There is a lot of pork in the basket.→ How much pork is there in the basket?
I want three glasses of water.→ How many glasses of water do you want?
七、另外,有些集合名词也是可数中词,但不同的是,它们以单数形式出现,表示复数概念,如 people,police,family 等;而有些可数名词本身就以复数形式出现,如 clothes,glasses(眼镜)等;有的可数名词单、复数形式相同,如 Japanese,sheep,Chinese 等。如: The Chinese people are hardworking and brave.中国人民勤劳勇敢。
The sports clothes are new.这些运动服是新的。
I have one sheep.He has two sheep.我有一只羊,他有三只羊。