[考研英语]2014考研英语备考策略之翻译

第一篇：[考研英语]2014考研英语备考策略之翻译

翻译题是在一篇400字左右的概念或结构较复杂的短文中给出5个划线的句子，要求考生完整、通顺地将划线部分的句子译为汉语。此题主要是考查考生的词汇量，语法知识，阅读理解能力和汉语表达的综合运用技巧。

历年短文平均词数:370词;要求翻译的词数:160词。重点考查考生对词汇在上下文篇章中的猜测技能，在上下文中理解短语的含义，以及对于长、难句的分析仍旧是考试的重点，考生万万不可放松警惕。另外，能够体现英语特色的从句，并列句仍然要求考生较好的掌握。当然，基本的翻译方法，如:词、词组的省略及补译，译出it，they，this，that等代词的真正代表的含义，词义选择、引申、词性转换，长句的拆句与逆序翻译法，被动语态的翻译等都要认真做好准备，几乎年年都要出题的。

但是这一部分只要把历年的真题找来认真按以下4个步骤好好练练，就会有大的提高：第一，结构分析，通过语法知识把句子的主、谓、宾找出来，句子的意思也就很清晰了;第二，长句拆分，把长句拆分成短句，一部分一部分地分别理解;第三，词语推敲，在短结构中把词的精确意义确定下来，特别要注意联系上下文，选择词语正确地的含义;第四，检查核对，这是最后一步也是关键的一步，把词语拼结在一起仔细检查，看看每部分是否合理，长句是否通顺。

第二篇：考研英语备考

考研英语备考

伴随着2012年考研的尘埃落定，2013的考研大军已开始漫漫复习路。最先开始复习的应属专业课和英语，而专业课因不同专业所复习材料不尽相同。而英语，可以说是每年考研大军必经的悬崖峭岭。而5、6月份正是英语复习最佳时期，很多同学都忽视这段时间对英语的复习，导致到后期，各科压力都很大，最终不知该从何处下手复习，变得没有条理，最终复习效果性不强。这段时期，考生该如何进行复习考研英语呢？下面由海天考研专家为2013考生提供几点建议，希望对考生有所帮助。

首先，加强对英语基础的温故与知新

面对考研英语，考生不要产生畏惧心理，毕竟我们大学四年都一直在接触英语，学习英语。对于英语阅读和写作能力有一定基础的考生来说，在备考考研英语的时候可以从大一大二学过的英文教材着手复习。在回顾大学英语教材的时候，可以达到预热的效果。当然在温故教材的同时，我们要学会复习技巧，不能一味单纯的通读一遍，而是主要阅读课文及课文后面的单词，适当做些课后练习，主要的目的要落在英语行文的方式和文章篇章的结构。而那些自我感觉英语水平不错的考生，可以花费少量的时间在回顾大学英语课本的复习上，可以把多余的时间和精力投入到广泛的阅读中去。可以适当看些英语原版的小说，扩充自己的阅读量。

其次，增强对考研单词的积累与记忆

可以说，考研英语的困难就在于单词词汇的记忆上面，很多考生也都是吃了词汇量不足的亏。但面对过多的英语单词，我们又该如何去背诵记忆呢？第一，理解词汇多重含义。面对单词，我们不仅要掌握它的直接含义，还要把它放在不同的语境下、背景中，它所代表的含义。要学会在单词书上看他，在阅读文章中理解他，在例句中掌握他，并在写作中使用他。只有理解到这个词汇的多重含义，才能算我们把这个词汇“背”下来了。第二，重点掌握考纲词汇。考研大纲中规定的单词不过5500个左右，虽然近两年考试中超纲的单词出现的频率有所提高，但是基本的单词考查范围并没有太大的变化。所以，考生在背单词时更多的要以大纲为主，不要记忆一些生僻的单词。

最后，提升英语阅读量，加大真题训练

考研的同学都知道历年真题的重要性，并且是对你整体复习的一个具有考核性检查的指标，可以对你现有的复习进行查漏补缺，把错误的题目可以及时更正，强化正确记忆。但是正是因为真题的宝贵性，不要在复习之初或是随意的进行真题训练，而是在复习小有成效，在复习后期进行模拟性训练。在复习中，考生也樱花更多的精力放在阅读英语为文章上面，这样既能提高英语语感，也能熟悉很多不认识的单词。希望以上几点建议可以帮助到2013考研生们在考研英语的复习。希望梦想成真，实现研究生梦。

第三篇：考研英语作文冲刺备考策略和模版

考研英语作文

钟方源

60分钟做完写作（20分钟小作文，40分钟大作文）

一般来说把左边一页写满就已经是最合适的了，正好差不多270。字数超了(超过350个字)会扣3分。

第一段的展开：

第一句：图画描述句：

As is shown above,in the middle of the picture stands a man(主系表倒装表系主)，rushing to final(非谓语动词)，which is defined another new start.(独立主格结构)

Step1：完全倒装（中心事物的位置）Step2:非谓；非限（中心事物的状态）Step3：独立主格

P.S.：……，with the caption reading that：

……，with a line going like this:

第二句：图画影响句

This picture has sparked a heated discussion on Wechat friend circle，the most attractive and influential social network form these day in China.第三句：图画意义句

The picture,at the first glimpse,seem to be simple,but only a penetrating sight can capture its essence.第二段的展开：

第一句：提出论点

重要主题：

1.The picture tells us that nothing can be compared with +重要主题 when it comes to the cultivation of individual characteristics.（个人）

2.The picture tells us that 重要主题 remains to be an integral（不可或缺）part in this ever papid（快速）changing modern society.（社会）

有害主题：

1.The picture does reveal that 有害主题 is not only harmful, but also damaging for the personal growth.（个人）

2.The picture does reveal that 有害主题 is in large measure（很大程度上）detrimental（有害的）not only to the personal life,but to the further development of the whole society.第二句：加强论点（附加句）

1，重要主题：

In no country other than China,is has been said,is this phenomenon more obvious.有害主题：

In no country other than China,is has been said,is this problem more urgent and serious.3.The past decade has witnessed a huge development in economy owing to some policy being carried out,bringing some problems at the same time,with the above one being the foremost（首要的）.第三句：公众态度 重要主题：

1.The public does attach due（适当的）attention to importance of the 重要主题 有害主题

2.The public fails to attach due attention to the bad effects brought by 有害主题

第四句：加强态度（附加句）

People form all over the world,governments and international organizations stress the fundamental role of 重要主题。

People form all over the world,governments and international organizations fail to notice the damaging consequences of 有害主题。

Individuals,enterprises,organizations and even the whole society stress the fundamental role of 重要主题。

Individuals,enterprises,organizations and even the whole society fail to notice the damaging consequences of 有害主题。

第五句：段落展开（为一个句群）第一种展开法：平行展开法

物质回报

句子：1.（主题）can offer people with not only delicious food but fashionable clothes and such benefits as comfortable dwelling and handsome automobiles.2.Individuals and organizations can make money,take profits and even obtain wealth by doing(主题)。

3.The industrious（勤劳）and insightful（有见地的）people will never fail to benefit from doing(主题).4.It can improve one’s living standards and make an easy and conforable life.5.It can bring people fresh air,clean water,bright sunshine ,clean food and comfortable dwelling.时间角度saves time/takes up little time/occupies little time.句子

（节约时间）

(主题，e.g.Confidence)saves people a great deal of time by eliminating hours spent on hesitation, so they would be able to concentrate more time and energy on their meaningful work.（浪费时间）

As is well known,the days of youth should not be idled away and time should be cherished,but(主题,e.g.star worship)wastes hours,lavishes days and even squanders（浪费）years,which leads us to say it kills and even murders youngster’s prime time.效率角度

（主题,e.g.Star worship/Addiction to the internet）makes people weary（疲惫）of other important things,discourages him to learn more.身心健康

句子：(主题)can relieve not noly pressure but also anxiety and such problem as depression,stress,isolation and solitude（孤独）.有助成长和成功

It can promote communication between people,rid of barriers between people and bridge gaps between people.People who treat others with love,sincerity,sympathy,enthusiasm,hospitality or generosity always win respect from others.社会宏观角度

It means that people can have equal opportunity to college education,employments,self realizetion,and pursuit of material wealth.第二种展开法：科学论据法

1.According to a survey conducted by Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),……

According to a survey conducted by Chinese Academy of social Sciences(CASS),……

According to a survey conducted by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)，……

结论：Those who worship stars are more likely to squander time,compared with those who do not.Those who are of cooperation are more likely to establish the career,compared with those who are not.2.China Daily interviewed four people from four prefessions——a surgeon(外科医生),a white collar worker,a carpenter(木匠)and a farmer.the survey discovers that all of them are of the idea that+主题重要或有害。

第三种展开法：举例法（尽量只举例不展开）

1.Nowadays,our society has been filled with a variety of example of sth,with Sb being the foremost（主要的）.2.Numerous cases exist to illustrate this point.Take sb.for example,but for 主题，sb could not have done sth,let alone doing sth.3.Take sb for example, without 主题，how can sb do sth? Without 主题，how can sb do sth?Withou 主题,how can sb do sth?

[人物词积累：Shakespeare，Barack Obama, George Washington]

最后一句

虚拟语气结尾：

Were there no something, never would we do something.Were the situation to continue as it is, we would pay the high price.第三段的展开：（评论后举例也可以举例后评论）可能用到的表达：

Form my perspective,…… 我认为……

正面话题：

第一句：取其精华

It is imperative（必要）that the essence（本质）be absorbed（吸收）and the drawbacks（缺点）be neglected（忽略）,during this process, especially in the times of knowledge explosion,when the news, facts, opinions even rumors have been bombarding us from every corner of the world.第二句：全面考虑

In view of the importance and the complexity（复杂）of such an phenomenon,we must treat it socially, economically and culturally.第三句：只管面对

In a sense, it is not why sth exists in today’s world but what we should do to cope with it.第四句：展望未来

Only in a reasonable, prosperous（繁荣）and healthy atmosphere can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their life to the uttermost（最大限度）.负面话题：

第一句：情况很危急

The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took effective measures to……

第二句：立法很重要

It is imperative that corresponding（相应的）laws and regulations be introduced and enforced to harness and curb this urgent problem.第三句：公众教育

The general（普通的）public is supposed to enhance their awareness of the harmful effects of 主题.第四句：专家想对策

In this issue, researchers, scholars and experts are expected to work out up-to-date solutions to sth.第五句：展望未来

With a proper（适当）law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes things of the past.常见主题词：

顺境与逆境(Favorable Circumstances and adverse Circumstances)勤奋（diligence;painstaking work）

谨慎和坚毅（prudence and determination）热情和乐观（, enthusiasm and optimism）

博学和求知（learnedness and seeking knowledge/pursuit of knowledge）绝望和坚持（Frustration and perseverance）独立性问(independence)感恩(gratitude)创新(creation and innovation)鼓励(encouragement)自满和谦逊（self-satisfied and modest）合作（cooperation）诱惑(temptations)

常见的话题：

1． 资源保护(Energy and Resource Saving)环境保护(Environmental protection)低碳环保（low-carbon life）

2． 人口增长(The growth of China’s population)3． 社会保障问题(Social security fund)4． 假冒伪劣产品问题(Counterfeits and unqualified products)食品安全(food safety)5． 消费者权益保护问题(The protection of consumers rights and interests)6． 社会诚信的缺失（Honest is the best policy.It pays to be honest.）7.知识产权保护问题（Intellectual Property protection.No plagiarizing）8． 微博和微信的强势崛起（The rise of the WeiBo, Wechat）9． 传统文化的传播（traditional Chinese culture）孝敬父母（caring parents）(filial piety)10． 提高学生的身体素质（physical exercise build a strong body and relieve pressure and keep a pleasant mood）

11． 大学生的就业（sticking to our own choice of following our parent’s arrangement）12． 大学城的建造（the construction of university town）

书信作文

Dear sir/Madam, Sincerely，投诉信

开头：I am writing to make a complaint about……

结尾：I understand you will give immediate attention to this matter.建议信

开头：You have asked me for some advice on how to improve……I will try to give some useful suggestions.结尾：I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision-making anyway.道歉信

开头：I am writing to apologize for……

结尾：I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.辞职信

开头：I am writing to inform you about my decision of resignation.结尾：I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation.I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.求职信

开头:I am writing this letter to recommend myself as a qualified candidate for the job of senior accountant you have advertised in……

结尾：I have enclosed my resume that outline in detail my qualifications and experience.推荐信

开头：With reference to your requirements, I shall, without reservation, recommend……as an ideal candidate.结尾：Please do not hesitate to contact me if necessary.感谢信

开头：I am writing this letter to thank you for…… 结尾：I must thank you again for your generous help.祝贺信

开头:Please accept my sincere congratulations on ……

结尾：Every good wish to you for much health, happiness, and prosperity!

邀请信: 开头：I am writing to invite you to……

结尾：I would like to meet you there and please let me know your decision.咨询信

开头：I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding…… 结尾：Your immediate response is enthusiastically expected.告示

要写标题：Notice或者Announcement。不要写抬头（如dear sir），不仅多余而且错误。落款如Postgraduate’s Association

备忘录（考的机率几乎为零）To、From、Subject和Date 然后是正文段落

第四篇：2014考研英语：翻译难点之比较结构

2014考研英语：翻译难点之比较结构

比较结构是考研翻译中非常重要的考点之一，比较结构包括以下两种类型：①当要表达的事物之间在某一方面一样时，可用 as…as…（后接形容词或副词，as much / many…as…（后接名词或动词）结构，no less...than(=not any less...than...)...，no more...than(=not any more...than...)...。②表达事物之间差别的结构可采用 more（…than）或 less（…than），后可接形容词、副词、动词或名词。但要注意的是 more…than 还可译作“与其说……，不如说……” 实际上，英语的比较结构比较复杂，翻译时应注意英汉两种语言在表达上的差异。处理时应先识别比较结构，然后判断比较对象。

【真题例句1】

There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.【解析】

这是一个典型的than引导的比较结2014考研构。如若按照字面来译：“有更多的一致意见在这个词所指的不同表现方面，较少的一致意见对这些表现如何解释或分类”，译文显得生硬，我们需要转译。

【参考译文】

:译文1：对（智力）这个词所指的不同表现人们意见比较一致，而对这些表现如何解释或分类则有不同看法。

译文2：人们对（智力）所指的不同表现，比对这些表现如何进行解释或分类，看法更为一致。

【真题例句2】

For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for he mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into

one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.结构分析：

【解析】

这句话的平行结构是两个名词短语：a search for he mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one和a personal recognition of your limitations.本句主干由not so much…as…固定搭配连接构成的一个长句，其准确的翻译应为“与其……不如……”，而这种翻译成中文之后通常让人产生理解上的障碍。这种搭配出现在客观试题的阅读文章中，通常可以直接把它理解成“不是……而是……”。

【参考译文】

对于我们这一代曾在整个80年代为生2014考研活奔波的女性来说, 90年代中期过着放慢生活节奏的生活，与其说是追求神话般的美好生活——自已种有机蔬菜，冒着变得毫无生机的危险——倒不如说我们都认识到了自己的局限。

【真题例句3】

The ideal listener stays both inside and outside the music at the moment it is played and enjoys it almost as much as the composer does at the moment he composes.【解析】

The ideal listener...enjoys it almost as much as the composer at the moment he composes 中does 代替enjoys，表示对音乐的“欣赏”。这里as much as 同样表示同等程度。

【参考译文】

一个真正懂得音乐的听众，应该是在听音乐时既置身于音乐万学海文其中，又可游离于音乐之外，他对音乐的欣赏程度，几乎等同于作曲家本人在创作该曲时的欣赏程度。

第五篇：2014考研英语之翻译模拟题(二)

在这里，没有考不上的研究生。

2014考研英语之翻译模拟题

（二）二、科学与技术

The meanings of “science”and “technology”have changed significantly from one generation to another.More similarities than differences, however, can be found between the terms,(46)Both science and technology imply a thinking process, both are concerned with causal relationships in the material world, and both employ an experimental methodology that results in empirical demonstrations that can be verified by repetition.(47)Science, at least in theory, is less concerned with the practicality of its results and more concerned with the development of general laws, but in practice science and technology are inextricably involved with each other.The varying interplay of the two can be observed in the historical development of such practitioners as chemists, engineers, physicists, astronomers, carpenters, potters, and many other specialists.Differing educational requirements, social status, vocabulary, methodology, and types of rewards, as well as institutional objectives and professional goals, contribute to such distinctions as can be made between the activities of scientists and technologists;but throughout history the practitioners of “pure”science have made many practical as well as theoretical contributions.(48)Indeed, the concept that science provides the ideas for technological innovations and that pure research is therefore essential for any significant advancement in industrial civilization is essentially a myth.Most of the greatest changes in industrial civilization cannot be traced to the laboratory.Fundamental tools and processes in the fields of mechanics, chemistry, astronomy, metallurgy, and hydraulics were developed before the laws governing their functions were discovered.The steam engine, for example, was commonplace before the science of thermodynamics elucidated the physical principle underlying its operations.In recent years a sharp value distinction has their bitter opponents, but today many people have come to fear technology much more than science.(49)For these people , science may be perceived as a serene, objective source for understanding the eternal laws of nature, whereas the practical manifestations of technology in the modern world now seem to them to be out of control.(50)Many historians of science argue not only that technology is an essential condition of advanced, industrial civilization but also that the rate of technological change has developed its own momentum in recent centuries.Innovations now seem to appear at a rate that increase geometrically, without respect to geographical limits or political systems.These innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected social consequences.Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a destructive process.答案

46.科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及到物质世界的因果关系，两者都

跨考魔鬼集训营0

1运用了一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。

47.至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂。

48.人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是必不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是个神话。

49.对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。

50.许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。

总体分析

本文介绍了科学和技术之间的关系以及对人类的影响。

第一段：科学和技术之间的相似性要大于差异性，它们之间的相互影响反映在各个行业的发展中。

第二段：技术的发展不依赖科学的发展，两者之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。而且，现在很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。

第三段：技术的发展既有创造性也有毁灭性。

试题精解

46.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：嵌套式定语从句、抽象名词。

本句是由and连接的三个并列句，都以both开头。第三个分句的主干是：both employ an experimental methodology，宾语methodology后接有一个that引导的定语从句做定语，该定语从句中又嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句(demonstrations)can be verified by repetition。由于有嵌套式定语从句，因此需要采用拆译法，从第一个that开始单独成句。词汇方面：imply意为“暗示，意味;必然包含”;be concerned with意为“与„„有关，涉及;关注，感兴趣”;empirical意为“以实验(或经验)为根据的，经验主义的”;demonstration意为 “证明，论证，说明，证实”，由于它是抽象名词，可按照汉语习惯，采用加译法，译成“论证的结果”。verify意为“检验，查证，核实”。

47.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：比较结构。

本句是由but连接的并列句。前一分句中含有比较结构：is less concerned with „and more concerned with „，可译为“较少地关心„„而更多地关注于”。主谓之间的插入语at least in theory做状语翻译时可提前。

词汇方面：practicality意为“实用性”;inextricably意为“逃不掉地，解决不了地，解不开地”;be involved with sb./sth.意为“与„„关系密切”。

48.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：同位语从句、增译法。

句子的主干是the concept „ is a myth。主语后接有由that引导的两个并列的同位语从句。由于主语后修饰成分较长，因此采用拆译法单独成句。并且先译从句，后译主句，用复指代词“这种观念”来连接主句和从句的内容。第二个同位语从句中therefore说明的是两个从句间的因果关系，翻译时要提前到第二个从句前。

词汇方面：pure research直译为“纯研究”，不是汉语习惯表达，应采用增译法，译为“纯理论的研究”。myth可意为“神话，杜撰出来的人或物，(没有事实根据的)虚构信念

(或观点、理论)”，根据上下文选择其“没有事实根据的观点”的含义。

49.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：后置定语、状语。

该句子是由whereas(然而，但是)连接的并列句。前一分句的主干是science may be perceived as a „ source，后面接for understanding „介词结构做后置定语，翻译时应提前。后一分句的主干是manifestations now seem to be out of control，其中做时间和地点状语的介词短语in the modern world和now可提前翻译。

词汇方面：perceive sth.as sth.意为“视为，认为，理解为”;source意为“来源，根源，源头”，根据上下文译为“出发点”;manifestation意为“显示，表明，表示”，根据上下文译为“(技术的)运用”。

50.[精解] 本题考核的知识点是：宾语从句。

主句是Many historians of science argue，后面not only „ but also连接了两个并列的宾语从句。

词汇方面：momentum意为“推动力，势头”。

全文翻译

“科学”和“技术”的含义一代一代发生了深刻的变化。然而，这两个术语之间的相似之处要多于其不同之处。科学与技术都包含有一种思维的过程，两者都涉及物质世界的因果关系，两者都运用一套实验的方法论，这种方法论所产生的是能够通过重复得以验证的经验性的实证结果。至少在理论上，科学较少地关心其研究成果的实用性，而更多地关注于归纳出普遍的法则;但是在实践中，科学与技术却相互关联，无法割裂。两者之间不同程度的相互影响可见于各种行业的历史发展过程，诸如：化学、工程、物理、天文、土木、制陶以及其它行业。科学家和技术人员的研究活动的差异与下列因素有关：不同的教育要求、社会地位、术语、方法论、奖励方式、以及机构目标职业目标，但纵观历史，许多“纯”科学家既有理论建树也有实用创新。

人们认为科学为技术创新提供理念，因此，对于工业文明中的任何一次意义重大的进步，纯理论的研究是必不可少的，当然，这种观念其实是没有事实根据的。大多数工业文明的伟大改变都与实验室研究无关，机械、化工、天文、冶金、水利领域的基本工具及流程早在决定它们功能的法则被发现之前就已存在。例如，早在热动力学解释了蒸汽机操作的物理原理之前，蒸汽机已广泛存在。

最近几年，科学和技术之间的价值分歧越来越尖锐。科学进步经常遭到激烈的反对，然而，现在有很多人对技术的恐惧甚于对科学的担心。对于这些人来说，科学或许被看成是一种平静的、客观的理解自然永恒法则的出发点，而如今在他们看来，现代世界里技术的实际运用似乎已失去控制。

许多科学史家认为，技术不仅是先进的工业文明必不可少的条件，而且在最近的几个世纪里，技术变革的速度已形成了自身的势头。现在技术创新的速度似乎以几何级别在增长，远远超出了地理和政治的限定。这些技术创新往往会改变传统的文化体制，并常常带来难以预料的社会后果。所以，技术应被看作是既有进步性也有毁灭性的过程。

（来源：跨考考研）