凯文老师,2018年上海中学高中高一高二高三高考英语阅读理解技巧,[5篇]

第一篇：凯文老师,2018年上海中学高中高一高二高三高考英语阅读理解技巧,

2018年上海中学高中高一高二高三高考英语阅读理解技巧

上海高中英语阅读理解题，全面考查考生的理解、分析、比较、概括和解决问题的能力。阅读理解的语篇选材覆盖面广，保持了题材、体裁的多样性。选材语言地道，文体特征鲜明。试题难易适当，有合理的梯度，将细节判断、理解判断和推理判断融会贯通。

依据对近些年的上海高考阅读理解题的分析、对比得知，从其设计和内容上看，可以归纳为以下几点：概括整个语段主旨大意以及事实和细节；能准确理解句子字面和深层含义；能准确理解具体的事实和抽象的概念。题型上主要有 主旨大意题、词义猜测题、事实细节题、推理判断题等。

1.主旨大意题

任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。要领悟文章的中心思想，就要具备归纳和概括方面的能力，而这种能力又常是要考 查的重点。很多文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想，它主要通过主题句（Topic Sentence）来体现。一般来说，文章的主题或中心都在第一段或最后一段表明。某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾，而且常有一些表归纳关系的信号 词，如in short, In a word, in brief, to sum up, to conclude等。其常用提问方式主要有：What is the main idea/topic of the passage? The central point of the se-lection is that.The author is mainly concerned with.The passages mainly about等。

2.语义猜测题

该题型主要测试考生利用上下文判断单词、词组或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力。常见的提问方式有：The word“…”in the context means.The word“…”could be best replaced by… Which of the following is nearest meaning to? The word“…”probably refers to.这不仅需要学生准确理解上下文，还要掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。并通过构词、语法等线索确定词义。

3.细节理解题

该题型主要测试学生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的辨认能力，分直接辨认和间接辨认两种。直接辨认细节型一般只要求学生能从阅 读材料中直接获取、记住信息，然后能快速地将他们回忆出来；而间接辨认型不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息，还要将获得的信息进行各种转换，为阅读 材料中某些词汇、短语及句型等找到正确的英语释义。如排序、图文转换、数字转换、同义（反义）转换等。常见的提问方式有：Which of the following is NOT included（mentioned）in the passage? Which of the following sentences is NOT true?

4.推理判断题

这种题型主要考查考生根据已知信息做出合理的推断或判断的逻辑思维能力，包括要求考生体会作者的态度、观点、意图等。常用提问方式有：We can infer/learn from the（last）paragraph that.It can be concluded from the passage that.The pas-sage implies/suggests that.What can be concluded from the passage? The author's purpose of writing the passage is.这需要学生读懂原文，完全理解文中的细节信息，对其进行分析、推算，从而得出正确的结论。

第二篇：凯文老师,2018年上海高三高考英语一模试卷(中译英1)

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

2018年上海市虹口区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.熬夜大大影响健康。(affect)

73.等他明年回来，这个体育馆就建好了。(by the time)

74.从长远来看，你的知识面越广，就越有能力应付工作中的问题。(capable)

75.据信，过分溺爱孩子会不知不觉地造成孩子的坏脾气，甚至缺乏自理能力。(It)

Keys: 72.Staying up late affects one’s health greatly.73.By the time he comes back next year, the stadium will have been set up.74.In the long run, the wider range of knowledge you have, the more capable you are of dealing with the problems at work.75.It is believed that spoiling children too much may unconsciously cause their bad temper, even the lack of ability to take care of themselves.2018年上海市黄埔区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.选举的结果很快便在全世界传播开了。(spread)

73.警察告知了他们那场导致他们儿子受伤的交通事故。(which)

74.太多的数据会使我们很难判断错误是由哪个数据引起的。(difficult)

75.任何处理复杂问题的人都可能因为没有全面了解挑战而受到指责，虽然事先了解一切是 1 2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

不可能的。(blame)Keys: 72.The result of the election spread rapidly all over the world.73.The police informed them of the accident which resulted in their son’s injury / in which their son got injured.74.Too many data make it difficult for us to determine which one has caused the error.75.Anyone dealing with a complicated problem may be blamed for not fully understanding the challenge, though it’s impossible to know everything in advance.2018年上海市浦东新区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.为了安全起见，小孩不应该被单独留在家里。(leave)

73.深深吸了一口气，他面带微笑地走上了舞台。(with)

74.一个人待人处世的方式能反映出他是怎样的人。(the way)

75.只有当一系列奇数问题得到解决，到 2025 年，新能源汽车才能占汽车销量的百分之二十。(Only)

Keys: 72.For the sake of safety/ For safety, children / a children should not be left alone at home 73.Having taken a deep breath, he went up to the stage with a smile on his face.74.The way a person treats others can reflect what kind of person he is.75.Only when a series of technical problems are solved can new energy cars account for 20 percent of all the car sales by 2025.2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

2018年上海市长宁区嘉定区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72..让我大吃一惊的是他的态度转变的如此之快。(sudden)

73..除非你在一周内给我满意的答复，否则我将诉诸法律。(Unless)

74..出国留学有助于学生学习外语和了解外国文化，但学生应该考虑可能遇到的困难。(consideration)

75..研究表明，当人们有压力时，看看有趣的电影或向朋友倾诉是排遣恐惧和悲伤的有效方法。(get)Keys:

72.What surprised me most is/was his sudden change of attitude/the sudden change of his attitude.73.Unless I receive a satisfactory response/reply from you in/within a month, I shall/will/am going to submit this case to the court/sue you in a law court/go to court/take legal action.74.Studying abroad/Overseas studies/Going abroad for/to(further)study can help students(to)learn foreign languages and know about foreign cultures, but students should take the difficulties/difficulty(that)they may/might meet with into consideration.75..A study/Research shows/illustrates that when people feel/are depressed/are under pressure, watching an interesting/a funny movie or talking to a friend(s)is an effective way to get rid of fear and sadness/sorrow.2018年上海市徐汇区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.今晚的音乐会门票已全部售罄。(sell)

2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

73.我们若不齐心协力, 将无法战胜对手。（unless）

74.令人宽慰的是，爆炸发生时碰巧车间里没有人。(happen)

75.由于中国教育取得的巨大进步，中国已成为最受海外学生欢迎的留学目的地之一。(Due to)Keys:

72.Tickets for tonight’s concert have already been sold out.73.We won’t be able to beat the opponents unless we work together.74.To our relief, nobody happened to be in the workshop when the explosion occurred.75.Due to the significant progress made in Chinese education, China has become one of the most favored places for overseas students.2018年上海市闵行区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个专家所推荐的方法被证明是十分有效的。（prove)

73.对国家来说，保护生态环境和保持经济增长同样重要。（as...as)

74.如果有朝一日，学生能亲自参与到课程开发中，那该有多棒啊！（involve)

75.这本新发行的杂志不仅会影响青少年对时尚的看法，还会开启健康饮食的新潮流。(Not only)

Keys:

72.The method recommended by the expert proved(to be)very effective.73.For/To a country, protecting theenvironment is as important as maintaining economic growth.74.How great it is if one day students can be involved in the development of courses on their own.75.Not only will the newly-released magazine influence teenager's opinions on fashion, but also it 4 2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

will start a new trend towards a healthy diet.2018年上海市奉贤区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.这个城市近几年来发生了翻天覆地的变化。(take place)

73.毫无疑问，一旦被那可怕的疾病传染，随后肯定会死亡。(once)

74.整个球队只有互相配合，才能取得成功，这是那次以足球赛上申花队赢球的原因之一。(only)

75.对志愿者来说，重要的不是能为别人做多少，而是能从中获得宝贵的经验和帮助他人的快感。(not...but....)

Keys: 72.Great changes have taken place in the city in the past several years.73.Without doubt, once you are infected with the terrible disease, you are sure to die shortly after.74.Only by cooperating with each other can the whole team succeed and that is one of the reasons why Shanghai Shenhua football team won the math that time.75.What matters to volunteers is not how much they can do for others but that they can gain valuable experience and joy of helping other people.2018年上海市静安区高三英语一模试卷 V.Translation

Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.遵循自然规律,你最终会得到回报。(reward)

73.应加大力度打击劣质商品的生产和销售。(fight)5 2018届上海市各区高三英语一模试题分类汇编：中英翻译

74.每个学生都具有无限的潜能去克服学习中的困难，不断进取。(study)

75.有些技术创新虽没怎么引起公众的注意，却对现实生活的方方面面有着深远的影响。(although)

Keys: 72.Follow the natural law and you will finally be rewarded.73.The intensity of the fight against the manufacturing and sale of inferior goods should be increased.74.Every student has unlimited potential to overcome difficulties in study and keep making progress.75.Although some technical innovations have attracted little public attention, they have more far-reaching influence on real life in every regard.

第三篇：凯文老师,2018年上海高中高考英语词汇 动词词组2

2018年上海高中高考英语词汇（动词词组（2）

7.以look为中心的词组

look about 四下环顾；查看

look after 照顾，看管

look around 东张西望

look at 注视，着眼于

look back 回顾

look for 寻找；期待，期望

look down on 俯视；轻视

look forward to 盼望，期待

look into 窥视；调查；浏览 look like 看起来象

look on 旁观；面向

look out 向外看；注意；当心，堤防

look over 从上面看过去；检查

look through 透过~~看去；看穿；浏览

look up to 仰望，尊敬

8.以make为中心的词组

be made from 由~~原料制成be made of 由~~材料制成be made up of 由~~组成make a fool of 愚弄，欺骗

make a mistake 弄错

make a point of doing 强调；认为~~重要；决心，坚持

make advantages/use of 使用，利用 make after 追求，追赶

make believe 假装

make certain 确信，把~~弄清楚

make contact with 接通，与~~接触，与~~联系

make for 去向，向~~前进；有利于

make friends with 和~~交友

make into 把~~制成，使~~转变为 make much of 重视；理解；赏识

make one’s mind on sth.决定某事

make one’s own 当作自己的看待

make oneself at home 随便，别拘束

make out 填写；开支票；理解；辨认

make the best of 尽量利用；极为重视

make up 弥补，修理；赔偿，补偿；起草；编造；化装

make up to 接近，巴结；向~~求爱

make way for 为~~让路，让路于

on the make 急求成功；增加

9.以put为中心的词组

put aside 把~~放在一边；搁置；排除

put away 把~~放好，把~~收拾；储藏；吃喝，吃掉

put back 把~~放回原处；驳回

put down 放下；镇压；制止；记下；削减；降落

put forward 提出；拨快；建议，推荐；提倡，倡议 put ~~ into 把~~放入；插入；翻译成put off 推迟，延期；消除；推脱，推辞

put on 上演；穿上，带上

put up with 忍受，容忍

put one’s heart into 全神贯注，专心致志

put up 举起，挂起；提名，推荐；陈列

10.以take为中心的词组

be taken aback 吃惊

take a seat 就坐

take a shower 淋浴，洗澡

take aim 瞄准，设立目标

take away 拿走，减去；夺去

take ~~ by surprise 出奇制胜

take one’s place 就坐，入坐

take care of 当心，注意；照顾；提防；谨慎；处理，对付；负责

take office 就职，上任

take ~~ for 把~当作

take off 脱去，除去；离开；起飞；模仿；起程；致死；复制，作副本；减弱

take one’s temperature 量体温

take part in 参与，参加

take it easy 别着急，慢慢来

take place = happen 发生，举行

take the place of 代替

take pride in 以~~为荣，对~~骄傲

take sb.by the arm 拉某人的胳膊

11.以turn为中心的词组

give a new turn to 对~~予以新的看法

in one’s turn 轮到某人做某事

out of turn 不按次序的，不合适宜的

take one’s turn to do 轮到做

turn a blind eye to 对~~视而不见

turn against 背叛，采取敌对态度 turn back 折回，往回走

turn down 折叠，翻下，驳回，拒绝考虑

turn into 走进；变成，变为

turn to ~~for help 求助于

turn off 关上（自来水，电器开关）；解雇，辞退；避开（问题）；制造；生产

turn on 打开（自来水，电器开关）；反对；依靠，依赖，取决于 turn one’s attention to 把注意力转向 turn out 培养；证明是；制成；实际情况是

turn out to be 原来是，证明是，结果是

turn over a new leaf 翻开新的一页，重新开始，改过自新

turn(a)round 旋转，转过身来；改变意见；采取新政策

turn to 变成；着手于

turn upside down 颠倒过来，翻过来；使陷入混乱

第四篇：凯文老师,2015年上海高考英语作文题目(作文解析和)

2015年上海高考英语作文解析，及，作文范文

II.Guided Writing(25分)

Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.学校即将举办“读书节”，目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳，你已找到以下三幅图片，决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅，你的信须包括以下内容：

1.简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片；

2.阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。

作文解析：

今年的英语作文题目同样重点考察了主观理由型作文的写作手法，这篇文章要求学生在三幅学校读书节宣传图片当中选出自己最喜欢的一幅，对图片进行描述并说明原因。这也是继2013年和2014年连续两年考察书信体与主观理由型文章的结合体之后出现的第三篇主观理由型文章。

整体来看，今年的作文题目似乎与往年没有什么区别，但细细分析，我们会发现今年英语作文的难度，不管是在文章内容、还是在形式上面，都有了大幅提升。因为考生需要同时兼顾三个难点：

1、书信体正确的的书写格式；

2、对图片内容进行细节的描述；

3、找出恰当的理由(2-3点)进行论证，说理充分，同时注意论点和论据相结合，以及文章语句之间的逻辑严密性。可以说，近三年来英语作文虽然都在考察主观理由这个大的方向，但是考察的难度确实是在逐年递增。

对于考生来说，要想在短短的20分钟之内写好这篇作文，首先需要拿捏好这篇文章的结构。一般来说，文章第一段用来引出话题，第二段可以对所选择的图片进行描写，描写时要格外注意的地方是对细节的详细描述，基本内容讲清楚就可以开始第三段的理由阐述了。

写好重头戏理由之后，在尾段我们无需过多笔墨，基本上通过三句话就可以收尾了。也就是总结加升华，由于这是一篇征集建议的书信体文章，所以需要最后有一句客套话，考生可以通过Looking forward to your reply或者I will appreciate it very much if you can take my suggestions into consideration进行文章自然收尾。这样整篇文章便达到了内容统一，结构完整，说理充分了

作文范文：

Dear Sir/ Madam，Since the Reading Festival is around the corner, I’m writing to recommend a picture which can be used in the brochure to remind the students of the pleasure of reading.In the picture, three students are sitting at the table, discussing heatedly what they have just read.It seems that they have had a lot of fun through the discussion.Though it is admitted that reading is mostly a personal activity which needs quietness and concentration, as far as I’m concerned, it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated.Just imagine that you have read a terrific detective story with fascinating and intricate plots.You are so amazed by the genius of the writer and you can’t help sharing it with your classmates or best friends, who turn out to have been deeply impressed as well.The moment you mention the book, the passion and enthusiam about the story will explode which can never be gained on your own.My ideal atmosphere of reading is just like that, through which you can not only appreciate the content by yourself, but also have the pleasure of sharing the plots or opinions with your peers, which will ultimately enhance your understanding of the book.To sum up, the reason of my recommendation is quite simple and apparent that reading, instead of being dull and isolating, can be full of particiation and common interest.I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestion into consideration and I’m looking forward to your early reply.Yours，Pan Yang

第五篇：高中高一_高二_高三_英语作文总结

一、英语书信的常见写作模板

开头部分：

How nice to hear from you again.Let me tell you something about the activity.I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr.9th.I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit.I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.结尾部分：

With best wishes.I’m looking forward to your reply.I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.二、口头通知常见写作模板

呼语及开场白部分：

Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.正文部分：

All the teachers and students are required to attend it.Please take your notebooks and make notes.Please listen carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups.Please come on time and don’t be late.结束语部分：

Please come and join in it.Everybody is welcome to attend it.I hope you’ll have a nice time here.That’s all.Thank you.三、议论文模板

1.正反观点式议论文模板

导入：

第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should...（导入话题）

Our opinions are divided on this topic.（观点有分歧）

正文：

第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.（正方观点）

Here are the reasons.First...Second...Finally...(列出2~3个赞成的理由)

第3段：However, the others are strongly against it.（反方观点）

Their reasons are as follows.In the first place...What’s more...In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)

结论：

第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.（个人观点）オ

2.“A或者B”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：

Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways.Others, however, argue that B is much better.Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.正文：

第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A.The main reason is that...Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因)

第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent...(列出1~2个B的优势)

结论：

第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B.From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that...(得出结论)オ

3.观点论述类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题

As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision.（亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对）

The reasons for this may be listed as follows.（过渡句，承上启下）

正文：

第2段：First of all...Secondly...Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)

结论：

第3段：In conclusion, I believe that...（照应第1段，构成“总—分—总”结构）

4.“How to”类议论文模板：

导入：

第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题

正文：

第2段：

Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective.First of all...Another way to solve the problem is...Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)

结论：

第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take.But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)

四、图表作文写作模板

The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点.This means that as(进一步说明).We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节一.After 动词-ing 细节一中的第一个变化，the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化).The figures also tell us that图表细节二.In the column, we can see that accounts for(进一步描述).Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that(结论).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that(给出原因)./ It is high time that we(发出倡议).1.开头

Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...2.衔接句

As we all know,.../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.3.结尾句

In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally

speaking.../As has been stated.话题一：中学生的爱好与兴趣

Spare time(业余时间), favorite(最喜欢的),Interest(兴趣), hobby(爱好),appetite(嗜好),taste(口味), read novels(也小说), play football/basketball(打足球/篮球),surf the internet(上网),chat online(在线聊天),play games(玩游戏),collect stamps(集邮),make e-friends(交网友),climb mountains(爬山),watch TV(看电视),enjoy popular music(喜欢流行音乐), be interested in(对…感兴趣),develop an interest in(在…方面发展兴趣),be fond of(喜欢…),be keen on(喜欢…),have love for(喜爱…),have a taste in(对…有兴趣)等。话题二：劳动与劳动观念

Work(工作),be at work(在工作),work hard(努力工作),produce(生产),worker(工人),labor force(劳动力),labor(劳动), voluntary labor(义务劳动)，serve the people(为人民服务)，heart and soul(全心全意)，physical labor(体力劳动), mental labor(脑力劳动),labor viewpoint(劳动观念),labor Day(劳动节),workday(工作日),means of labor(劳动方式),honorable(光荣的),be devoted to(奉献于..),value(价值), earn money(赚钱),personal interests(个人利益)等。话题三：创建和谐社会

harmonious(和谐的),friendly(友好的),civilized(文明的),honest(真诚的),credible(诚信的), be public-spirited(有公德心的), balanced(平衡的), be in order(有序的), peaceful(和平的), live in harmony(生活和谐), sustainable development(可持续发展)等，help each ether(互助), care for each other(互相关心), have deep love for(热爱), be concerned with(关心), build(创建), cherish(珍惜), take an active part in(积极参与), pay attention to social moral(讲究社会公德), protect the environment(保护环境),save energy(节省能源)等。No pains, no gains.不劳无获。…can be achieved by hard wok.…可以通过劳动获得。It is honorable to … …是光荣的It is difficult to find work in the present situation.在当前形势下，很难找到工作。

If everyone … for others and the society, our world will be …。人为他人和社会做…，我们这个世界将会…。Every one should … and devotes himself to building our motherland into a strong country.每个人应该 …，为把我们祖国建设成为一个强壮的国家而奉献自己的力量。话题四：招聘与求职

employ(雇佣), look for(寻找), take in(吸纳), full-time(全职的), part-time(兼职的), well-paid(薪水高), be paid by the hour(按小时发工资), requirement(要求), résumé(个人履历), schooling(受教育情况), subjects(课程), working experience(工作经历), qualification(合格证明), transcript(成绩单), health(健康状况), present address(现在通讯地址)等，apply for(申请…), graduate from(毕业于), major in(以…为专业), degree(学位), scholarship(奖学金), good grades(良好的成绩), hobby(爱好), favorite(最喜欢的), be skilled in(在…方面熟练), be good at(擅长…), experienced(有经验的), confident(自信的), English and computer ability(英语和计算机能力), healthy(健康的)等。话题五：中学生的健康问题

Physical and mental condition(身体与精神状态), strong(强壮的), un/healthy(不健康/健康的), overweight/fat(肥胖的), thin(瘦的), near/short-sighted(近视的), mentally unhealthy(精神不健全的), normal(正常的), abnormal(不正常的), energetic(精力旺盛的), unhealthy eating habit(不健康的饮食习惯), eat much junk food(吃太多的垃圾食品)等，Stay/keep healthy/fit(保持健康), enough sleep(充足的睡眠), build up one’s body/ improve one’s' health(强身健体), take regular exercise(进行有规律的运动)，roper diet(合理的饮食), good living habits(良好的生活习惯), lose weight(减肥), go on diet(节食), remove heavy burdens(减轻负担), be good for/do good to(对…有益处), nutrition(营养), form a … eating habit(养成一个…的饮食习惯)Breathe in as much fresh air等

话题六：环境保护Pollute（污染），Waste is scattering here and there.(到处撒满了废弃物），protect the environment(保护环境)，send out smoke and poisonous gases into the air（散发出烟和有毒气体），cut down trees(砍伐树木)，pour waste water into the rivers(把废水注入河流), It is a shame to throw rubbish around.(乱扔垃圾是可耻的)，form good habits to protect the surroundings（养成良好的习惯来保护环境），take active measures to protect rare animals(采取积极措施保护稀有动物)，take good care of our forests（关心我们的森林），plant more trees to improve the environment（多植来改善环境），The terrible pollution have done great harm to us as well as to the surroundings.(可怕的污染已经给我们自己还有我们的环境带来了很大的危害。)

话题七：校园文明与安全问题

School rules and regulations(学校规章制度), obey(遵守), observe(遵守), keep/observe discipline(遵守纪律), behave well(表现良好), be neatly dressed(穿戴整洁), respect one’s teachers and parents(尊敬师长), be on time(准时), keep the environment clean(保持环境干净), spit(吐痰), break the rules(违反规章制度), discipline(纪律), civilized(文明的), throw rubbish everywhere(乱扔垃圾), cheat in the exam(考试作弊), get in line(插队), fight with sb.(与…打架), punish sb.for(因…处罚某人)等。

The students are told not to break any of the rules of the school.学校要求学生不要违反任何规章制度。The students are expected to … 学校期望学生…。

It must be made clear that the students should … 必须明确的一点是，学生应该…。… is of no good to a friendly and harmonious society.…对创建友好和谐的社会是毫无益处的。It is honorable to obey the principles and rules of our school.遵守学校的规章制度是光荣的。It is worthy of praise to...…是值得表扬的。It is shameful to … …是可耻的。What we should do is that … 我们应该做的事 话题八：友谊

get to know sb.(认识某人), know sb.really well(熟知某人), make friends with sb.(和某人交朋友), a strong personality(一个很强的个性), personal matters(隐私), friendship(友谊), friendly(友好的), a close friend(一个亲密的朋友), trust each other(相互信任), precious(珍贵的), worthy(有价值的), understanding(通情达理的), share …with sb.(与…分享…), keep company with sb.(和…结交),keep in touch with sb.(与…保持联系), be loyal to(对…忠诚), stay best friends with sb.(和…保持很好的友谊)在描述此话题时常用的句型有： １.Friends give us … 朋友给予我们…。

２.A good friend is someone you can … 一位好朋友就是一个我们能够…的人。３.The first time I met …, he was … 当我第一次遇到…的时候，他…。４.Friendship plays an important part in … 友谊在…中扮演一个重要角色。５.You can … to be a good friend.你可以…来成为别人的好朋友。６.We can turn to...when we feel down.当我们心情糟糕时，可以求助于…。７… makes a good friend.…成就好朋友。

８.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真知。

９....is one of the things people value most in a friend.… 是人们在朋友身上最重视的东西。１０.… have a friend of … years with sb.… 与… 有着…年的友情。热点十：可持续发展

可持续发展已成为全球共识，如何实行可持续发展是摆在世人面前的重大问题。请就下面表格所提供的内容进行陈述并谈谈你的看法。注意：

1.不要逐条翻译。2.可适当发挥3.词数:120左右4.文章的开头部分以给出参考词汇：差距 gap相关法律 relevant laws 参考例文：

The idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the world.How to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.The present situation is worrying.First，natural resources are becoming less than before.Second，as some people are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection，the problems with it remain extremely serious to some degree.The gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and wider.To our great joy，many countries have taken action.On one hand，they have made relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental protection.One the other hand，popularized education as well as international cooperation is being carried out.As for myself，I should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development，our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.（二）巧用连接词:要想使文章有整体性、连贯性，就要学会正确使用连接词

表示罗列增加:First，second，third，First，then / next，after that / next，finally For one thing … for another…，On（the）one hand…on the other hand，Besides / what‘s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also，Especially / In particular 表示时间顺序:now，at present，recently，after，afterwards，after that，after a while，in a few days，at first，in the beginning，to begin with，later，next，finally，immediately，soon，suddenly，all of a sudden，at that moment，as soon as，the moment form now on，from then on，at the same time，meanwhile，till，not…until，before，after，when，while，as during 表示解释说明:now，in addition，for example，for instance，in this case，moreover furthermore，in fact，actually 表示转折关系:but，however，while，though，or，otherwise，on the contrary，on the other hand，in contrast，despite，in spite of，even though，except（for），instead，of course，after all，表示并列关系:or，and，but,only … but also，as well as，both… and，either …or，neither …nor 表示因果关系:because，because of，since，now that，as，thanks to…，due to…，therefore，as a result（of），otherwise，so…that，such…that 表示条件关系:as（so）long as，on condition that，if，unless 表示让步关系:though although，as，even if，even though，whether …or…，however，whoever，whatever，whichever，wherever，whenever，no matter how（who，what，which，where，when，whom）

表示举例:for example，for instance，such as…，take… for example 表示比较:be similar to，similarly，the same as，in contrast，compared with（to）…just like，just as，表示目的:for this reason，for this purpose，so that，in order to，so as to，表示强调:in deed，in fact，surely，certainly，no doubt，without any doubt，truly，obviously，above all，表示概括归纳:in a word，in short，in brief，on the whole，generally speaking，in my opinion，as s far as I know，As we all know，as has been stated，as I have shown，finally，at last，in summary，in conclusion 1。表并列补充关系的: what is more, besides, also, as well, moreover, furthermore, in addition, 2．表转折关系的：: but, however, yet, instead, on the contrary, although,though，different from,in contrast to, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first…whereas the second, once…now, on（the one）hand…on the other hand, some…others, conversely ,anyway, desptie, , likewise, nevertherless ,otherwise, after all, all the same(虽然,但是)at the same time(可是)not withstanding(虽然)3。表因果关系的: since, as, because(of)/in that/as a result of , for, so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, hence(,因此)lead to ,result in(from), contribute to（促成，导致），consequently（正式）所以，因此 ,as a consequence, accordingly（正式）从而，因此恶果 eg:① own was built near a bridge on the River Cam : hence the name Cambridge.这座城镇建在康姆河上一座桥的附近，因此而得名为康桥（现名为剑桥）

2）This engine uses less fuel and is therefore better for the environment.3）You have repeatedly failed to deliver the goods on time.We therefore feel that we have no alternative but to find another supplier.你不只一次地没有按时交货。所以我们别无选择，只好另找一家供应商了解。4）Luck and a good family background contributed to his success.5）No canditate succeeded in obtaining a majority of the votes.Consequently new elections were held.没有一位候选人得得票过半数，所以举行了新的选举。

6）We see that you have an income of less than 2000 pounds a yeas.Accordingly , we have decided to grant you free tuition.我们发现你的年收入低于两千英镑。因此，我们决定免去你的学费。

7）In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因一_______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因二_____.他们之所以有这种观点，主要基于以下两个因素：。。2． 表示递进关系的:furthermore, what's more ,moreover,incidentally, meanwhile, besides, particularly.similarly at the same time , in addition, 5。表条件关系的: if, on the condition(that), as /so long as, unless, or else, prividing/provided(that)6．表示时间关系的

when, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning/year/century, after an interval（间歇，间隔）, now, after, presently, later, afterward, somewhat later（稍后）, finally,at last, all of a sudden（突然，突如其来地）, 7。表特定的顺序关系: above all, first of all, firstly, first, secondly, the , next, finally, in the end, at last,in the first/second/third /… place 8。表换一种方式表达: in other words, that is to say, to put it another way, 9。表进行举例说明: for instance, for example, like, such as, 10。表陈述事实: in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth 11。表总结: on the whole, in short, all in all, general, in a word, in conclusion, in closing, in summary.书面表达中常用的连接词

（1），表选择关系或对等关系的连接词：either…or…, neither…nor…, or, as well as, and, both…and….（2），表因果关系的连接词：therefore, so, as a result, as the result of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to等。

（3），表时间顺序的连接词：the moment, as soon as, at first, then, later, meanwhile, at the beginning, in the end, before long, for the first time, the minute.（4），表转折关系的连接词：yet, and yet, but, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, however, at the same time（然而）等。

（5），表解释说明的连接词：that is, that is to say, in other words, such as, for example, for instance, and so on, etc, and the like, and what not等。

（6），表递进关系的连接词：not only…but(also), what’s more, what’s worse, besides, in addition, worse still, moreover, above all等。

（7），表总结的连接词：in a word, on the whole, in short, briefly, in brief, to sum up, in all等 1)表层次:

first,firstly, to begin with, further, in the first place second,secondly, to start with, still, furthermore third,thirdly, what is more, last, last but not least also, and then, next, besides and equally important too moreover besides in addtion finally 2)表转折；

by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despitethe fact that even so in contrast nevertheless even though for all that notwithstanding on the contarary however in spite of on the other hand otherwise instead still regardless 3)表因果；

therfore consequently because of for the reason thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account since as on that account in this way for as a result as a consequence 4）表让步：

still nevertheless concession granted naturally in spite of all the same of course despite even so after all 5)表递近：

furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also...too in addtion 6)表举例：

for example for instance for one thing that is to illustrate as an illustration a case in point 7)表解释：

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely in other words 8)表总结：

in summary in a word thus as has been said in brief in conclusion altogether in other words to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently namely in all therefore to summarize