2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题

第一篇：2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题

2018年考研英语阅读理解模拟练习题（3）

The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision.Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise;and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition.In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is.Some see it as the opposite of rationality;others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenberg's recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers' intuition is neither of these.Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways.First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists.Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly.This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills.A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha!experience.Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action.Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution.Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting.Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue.They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue.One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1.According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to

[A] Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.[B] Identify a problem.[C] Bring together disparate facts.[D] Stipulate clear goals.2.The text suggests which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?

[A] They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.[B] They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.[C] They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.[D] They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3.It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X, who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?

[A] Manager X analyzes first and then acts;Manager Y does not.[B] Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis;Manager Y does not.[C] Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the solution to a problem;Manager Y does not.[D] Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem;Manager X does not.4.The text provides support for which of the following statements?

[A] Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal decision analysis.[B] Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.[C] Managers'' intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical Sagemnet.Comskills.[D] Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5.Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

[A] An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.[B] A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced.[C] The results of recent research are introduced and summarized.[D] Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.[答案与考点解析]

1.「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道归纳推导题。本题题干中的senior managers暗示本题的答案信息在第三段,因为第三段首句包含题干中的senior managers。通过仔细阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时一定要学会认真归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。

2.「答案」D

「考点解析」这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈定在第二段。本段中的第二句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时一定要适当理解上下句之间的关系。

3.「答案」C

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中的who uses intuition to reach decisions暗示本题的答案信息在第四段,因为第四段首句含有和题干中who uses intuition to reach decisions大致相同的the intuitive style of executive management。通过仔细阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发现第四段的第一句话都在强调act(行动),可见本题的正确选项应该是强调行动的选项C.本题的答案信息来源是第四段的第二句话。考生在解题时一定要首先准确地审题定位,然后要善于归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。

4.「答案」D

「考点解析」本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本题答案信息在原文的准确位置。在这种情况下,考生往往迷失解题思路。在考生迷失解题思路时一定要牢记全文中心主旨,并且抓住各段的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。如果考生能够抓住第一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是D.考生在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,一定要首先抓全文的中心主旨句,同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子结构。

5.「答案」B

「考点解析」本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的do not和第二句句首的rather是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推导出本题的正确选项应该是B.考生在解题时一定要注意表示否定的词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要注意句子之间的相互关系。

[参考译文] 大部分成功的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理模式,即：首先确定目标,然后估定问题,摆出各种可能性,估计成功率,再做决定,最后才付诸行动去实施。相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中,他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必须在一堆含糊不清,自相矛盾,奇特无比或者令人惊异的事物中做抉择,而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。

管理学作品的写作者早就注意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强。不过总的来说,这些写作者未曾表达出什么叫做直觉。有些人将其视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的(做法、性格)的一个借口。

Isenberg最近对高层管理人员认知过程的研究揭示了管理者的直觉并不是上述的任何一种情况。高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使用直觉。首先,他们直觉地感到有问题存在。第二,依靠直觉,管理者们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式。这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的,而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培养出的技能的基础上形成。第三,直觉把一些零散的数据和实际情况组合为一个完整画面,这经常表现为一声Aha式的体验。第四,有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化分析的结果。大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具,那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出决定的人经常会对一种情况保持警惕,那就是有时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。最后,管理者可通过直觉绕开深奥的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决办法。这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理者所熟悉。

这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思考和行动不能分开。由于(在这种方式中)管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应该怎么去做,他们经常是先行动,后解释。在思考?D行动的循环中,分析是必不可少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思考其公司、组织的情况,而是行动和分析在高度一致地进行。

由于管理者们经常面对许多不确定的情况,他们鼓励采取各种行动来对问题作一番深入了解。他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会。这种思考行为循环的一个特点即：行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解决问题的步骤。

第二篇：2018考研英语阅读理解练习题(附答案)

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2018考研英语阅读理解练习题（附答案）

Text 1

It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college.Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of Computer Science.However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial.When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers — but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses.It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal.Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said.Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away.The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change.The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor.For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood.The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the next Facebook.Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market.But the skills they learn — how to think logically through a problem and

organize the results — apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina.Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes.These kids are going to be surrounded by computers — in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes — for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want — the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that — the better.21.Cortina holds that early exposure to computer science makes it easier to____.A.complete future job training

B.remodel the way of thinking

C.formulate logical hypotheses

D.perfect artwork production

22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their____.A.experience

B.academic backgrounds

C.career prospects

D.interest

23.Deborah Seehorn believes that the skills learned at Flatiron will____.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

A.help students learn other computer languages B.have to be upgraded when new technologies come C.need improving when students look for jobs D.enable students to make big quick money 24.According to the last paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to____.A.compete with a future army of programmers B.stay longer in the information technology industry C.become better prepared for the digitalized world D.bring forth innovative computer technologies 25.The word “coax”(Line4, Para.6)is closest in meaning to____.A.challenge B.persuade C.frighten D.misguide Text 1 答案 B remodel the way of thinking.Reshape 重塑

remold 重塑

Mold 名词-模型 模子

动词-形成塑造

解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据Cortina定位到第二段前三句。Cortina认为尽早接触计算机科学是有益的。第三句It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students.译为在转变思维程序方面小孩不像年龄较大的学生一样困难，即B remodel the way of thinking 转变思维方式即为同义替换。答案 D interest

解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词Friedman定位到第四段第二句but之后引号里面内容“我们试图让课程符合学生兴趣”，故而D interest为正确答案。答案 A help students learn other computer languages

解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Deborah Seehorn认为在Flatiron这里所学到的技能将能怎么样，据此定位到第五段But处，和题干基本一致，该句指出“But the skills they learn„appl to any coding language”，意思是他们学到的技能可以应用于任何编码语言。对比答案选项，A选项的意思是“帮助学生学习其他的计算机语言”属于原文定位处的同义替换。答案 C become better prepared for the digitalized world

解析：细节题。题干指出：根据最后一段，Flatiron的学生被期望去干什么。据此定位到最后一段的These kids are going to be处，是题干的同义复现。定位句“These kids are„be surrounded by computers for the rest of their lives.The younger they learn how computers think„„.the better.”，意思是学生们越早学越好。C选项“为数字化的未来做更好的准备”是同义概述。答案 B persuade

解析：词义句意题，结合上下文来解题。根据coax此单词，定位到最后一段最后一句可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

“how to coax the machine into producing what they want”，考察固定搭配“persuade„into„”。A选项挑战，B选项劝服，C选项使恐慌，D选项误导。考生做题时一定要注意结合上下文来推测生词的词义，这是命题人的出题 规律。

Text 2

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women.Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives.They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done.It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty.And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep — and bone-showing.Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types.In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models.The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.’ The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week, which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute.But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step.Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.26.According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A] Physical beauty would be redefined.[B] New runways would be constructed.[C] Websites about dieting would thrive.[D] The fashion industry would decline.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

【答案】 [A] Physical beauty would be redefined

【解析】 推断题。根据France定位到文章前两段，第一段讲法国决定时装业失去了定义（define）形体美（physical beauty）的绝对权力。法国的立法者通过了一项法律，雇用超瘦的模特属于犯罪，议会也禁止网站通过推崇极端节食“鼓动过度瘦弱”。第二段第二句提到“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.That’s a start.他们建议美丽不应该以伤害身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”由此可知，法国通过立法手段来改变法国时装业模特超瘦的现状，即[A]项的“形体美将会被重新定义”，是对原文内容的合理推断。[B]项“将会建造新的舞台”，[C]项“有关节食的网站将会兴起”，[D]项“时装业将会衰退”，均不能从文中推测出来，属于“无中生有”。

27.The phrase “impinging on”(Line 2, Para 2)is closest in meaning to____

[A] heightening the value of.[B] indicating the state of.[C] losing faith in.[D] doing harm to.【答案】 [D] doing harm to

【解析】猜词题。定位到第二段第二句“They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging on health.他们建议美丽不应该以

身体健康为代价的外表来界定。”impinging on后面的宾语为“health”，即对健康的某种影响。根据第二段第三句“对超瘦模特的禁令似乎不仅仅是在防止模特挨饿致死——正如曾有人这么做过的”，可见法国目前的对美丽的定义导致了有人为了保持身材，挨饿致死，因此推测出这一短语在这里的意思为“侵犯，伤害”，[D]项“对„„有害”正确。[A]项“增强了„„的价值”，[B]项“反映了„„的状态”，[C]项“对„„失去信心”均不符合句意。

28.Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A] The French measures have already failed.[B] New standards are being set in Denmark.[C] Model are no longer under peer pressure.[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse.【答案】 [B] New Standards are being set in Denmark

【解析】细节题。根据第五段第二句话“In Denmark,...it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion...在丹麦，它正尝试为模特设定自愿的标准„„”，可知[B]项“在丹麦新的标准正在被设定”是对原文的同义替换。[A]项“法国的措施失败了”；[C]项“不再有来自同行执法的压力”，文章第五段第二句后半句提到“images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement”，属于“正反混淆”；[D]项“它固有的问题变得更严重了”，文中第五段只提及时装业有固有的问题，并未提及“变得更严重”，属于“无中生有”。

29.A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for ____

[A] setting a high age threshold for models.[B] caring too much about models’ character.[C] showing little concern for health factors.可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

[D] pursuing perfect physical conditions.【答案】 [C] showing little concern for health factors

【解析】推断题。题设为“一个设计师很可能因为什么原因被CFW拒绝”，根据关键词CFW可回到文中定位至倒数第二段，该段提到丹麦的时尚界就有关模特的年龄、健康及其他特性的内容达成一致意见，且一项新法案也明确规定，他们已经意识到时尚界对于人们尤其是年轻人的身体健康所带来的影响，并且应该对此承担责任，这一法规的执行方式就是拒绝一些设计师和模特经纪机构参加哥本哈根时装周（CFW）。因此[C]项的“不关心健康因素”符合题意，为正确答案。[D]项“追求完美的身体状况”，[B]项的“过多关注模特的性格”，[A]项“设定了一个模特高龄门槛”，均不符合题意。

30.Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A] The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

[B] Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[C] A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[D] A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

【答案】 [D] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals 【解析】主旨题。本文从首段就开始阐述法国通过立法禁止雇用超瘦的模特，时装业已经失去了定义女性身体之美的绝对权力，且议会也禁止网站通过宣传过度节食来强调过度消瘦。第二段继续说明美丽不能只看外表，更不能以牺牲健康为代价，时装业应该为传递给女性的不良信息负责。第三段说明女性不该让他人来评判自己的美丽。第四段讲法国的措施更多的是依靠严厉的惩罚。最后三段提到了丹麦与法国截然不同的措施。纵观全文，文章主要在讲各个国家对解决目前模特超瘦的现状的措施，因此[D]项的“对时装业身体典范的挑战”是对原文的“高度概括”。

Text 3

Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens---a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often gray landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States.But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% of the species’ historic range.The crash was a major reason the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service（USFWS）decided to formally list the bird as threatened.“The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe.Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed.They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats.But Ashe and others argued that the“threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservations approaches.In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action and with the private landowners who control an estimated 95% of the prairie chicken’s habitat.Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowner or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range—wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat.Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat.The fund will 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years.And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies(WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress.Overall, the idea is to let “states” remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species，” Ashe said.Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court Not surprisingly, doesn’t go far enough “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to the same industries that are pushing it to extinction,” says biologist Jay Lininger.·31.The major reason for listing the lesser prairie as threatened is____

[A]its drastically decreased population

[B]the underestimate of the grassland acreage

[C]a desperate appeal from some biologists

[D]the insistence of private landowners

32.The “threatened” tag disappointed some environmentalists in that it_____

[A]was a give-in to governmental pressure

[B]would involve fewer agencies in action

[C]granted less federal regulatory power

[D]went against conservation policies

33.It can be learned from Paragraph3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted if they_____

[A]agree to pay a sum for compensation

[B]volunteer to set up an equally big habitat

[C]offer to support the WAFWA monitoring job

[D]promise to raise funds for USFWS operations

34.According to Ashe，the leading role in managing the species in______

[A]the federal government

[B]the wildlife agencies

[C]the landowners

[D]the states

35.Jay Lininger would most likely support_______

[A]industry groups

[B]the win-win rhetoric

[C]environmental groups

[D]the plan under challenge

答案 A its drastically decreased population

解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第一段But前后关于lesser prairie chickens 数量2million和22,000的强烈对比。此外第二段第二句“the lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation”都可以得知A its drastically decreased population 数量的急剧下降为正确答案。

答案 C granted less federal regulatory powers 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

Grant 动词-同意允许；授予赋予

名词-补贴

解析：此题是原因细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第四句，They had „, a state that gives federal officials greater regulatory power.而But 之后是截然相反的事实，即政府授予了更少的管理权。故而C granted less federal regulatory powers为正确答案。

答案 A agree to pay a sum for compensation赔偿补偿 薪酬

解析：推断题。题干问的是从第三段推出来：无意伤害的那些人是不会被检举的如果怎么样。根据题干定位到第三段首句“it would not prosecute„.as long as „.”，题干中问的if即原文的as long as的同意替换，原文as long as的意思是：只要他们签署了计划。下一句说道，该计划要求个体和企业去支付基金。对应选项A选项“赞同支付赔偿”属于同义替换。

答案 D the states

解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段最后一句the idea is to let the“states”remain in the driver’s seat for managing the species, Ashe said.其中in the driver’s seat对应题干中的the leading role, 故而D states为正确答案。

答案 C environmental groups群体团体

解析：文中人物观点题。题干问的是Jay Lininger最可能支持谁，大写人名定位到末段最后一句。最后一句提到：生物学家Jay Lininger说道联邦政府要把责任推给导致鸟类灭绝的企业，显然是对政府和企业的反对。再往前看一句，指出：企业团体和政府部门观点一致，环境学家与其观点恰巧一致。因此，Jay Lininger最支持环境团体的观点了。

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of businesses,” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel prize-winning economist, “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Firedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR)policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies-at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $ 15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm.This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps.And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act(FCPA).It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties.Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms’ political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.“We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour or increasing corpora giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for briding foreign officials,” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR.Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies.But at least they have demonstrated that when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.36.The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D] approval

【答案】[B]

【解析】观点态度题。题干问的是作者对有关CSR方面Milton Friedman的说法是什么态度。根据信号词Milton Friedman这个人定位到首段。注意题干问的是作者的看法，因此定位到第二句but转折处。But后句子的主干为：things may not be absolutely clear-cut，可见作者对Milton Friedman所说的内容并不完全赞同，故选择答案[B]项怀疑。[A]项容忍，[C]项不确定，[D]项赞同，这三项均不是作者的态度，故排除。

37.According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by

[A] winning trust from consumers.[B] guarding it against malpractices.[C] protecting it from being defamed.[D] raising the quality of its products.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。根据题干中的出处提示“Paragraph 2”定位到第二段第二句：This could add value to their businesses in three ways.This指的是CSR，根据接下来讲到的三点：第一点是，消费者认为这样的公司产品质量比较高；第二点是，顾客更愿意购买这样公司的产品；第三点是，通过一个更为广泛的“晕轮效应”，消费者会更多地考虑这样的公司的产品。可知，有CSR支出的公司会吸引更多的消费者，[A]项“赢得消费者的信任”，是对整个三点的总结，故为正确答案。[B]项 防止公司里的玩忽职守，[C]项 保护公司免受毁谤，[D]项 提升公司产品的质量，均在原文中未提及，故排除。

38.The expression “more lenient’(Line 2, Para.4)is closest in meaning to

[A] more effective

[B] less controversial

[C] less severe 可锐教育官网http://www.xiexiebang.com

[D] more lasting

【答案】[C]

【解析】猜词题。根据题干中的出处提示“line 2, para.4”及信号词“more lenient”定位到原文中的第四段第一句：The study found that...penalties。明显此句中more lenient 修饰 penalties(惩罚)，要想推测出more lenient的含义，需要知道被起诉的公司中，那些有着全面的CSR项目的公司和penalties 之间的联系。本项在第五段的最后一句最容易被看出来，第五段最后一句提到那些在CSR有较大投资的公司，当被起诉有贿赂行为时，所受到的罚金要比通常的罚金低40%左右，可知这样的公司会受到较轻的惩罚，故more lenient是较轻，即较不严重的意思，故选[C]项。[A]项 更有效的，[B]项 较少有争议的，[D]项 更持久的，这三项均不是more lenient的意思，故排除。

39.When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record

[A] has an impact on their decision.[B] comes across as reliable evidence.[C] increases the chance of being penalized.[D] constitutes part of the investigation.【答案】[A]

【解析】细节题。题干问的是 CSR record 与 prosecutors evaluate a case 的关系，根据题干中的信号词prosecutors evaluate a case可回文中定位到第五段第一句：In all...in CSR。这里的be influenced与[A]项 has an impact 对应，即一个公司的CSR会影响检察官对其案件的评估，故选[A]项。[B]项被检察官认为是可靠的证据，[C]项 增加了被惩罚的机会，[D]项 构成了调查的一部分，这三项均在原文中没有提及，故排除。

40.Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph?

[A] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.[B] The necessary amount of companies’ spending on it is unknown.[C] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated.[D] It has brought much benefit to the banking industry.【答案】[B]

【解析】判断题题干问的是根据最后一段，有关CSR的论述哪个是对的。定位到原文最后一段，根据其内容可知“研究人员承认到其研究没有回答如下问题：公司应该在CSR方面花费多少钱”。[B]项的意思是“公司在CSR方面的花费是未知的”，属于原文的同义替换，故正确。[A]项 CSR对公司的负面影响经常被忽视，[C]项 公司对CSR的经济承担力被过高估计了，[D]项 CSR给银行业带来了很多好处，这三项在文中均为提及，故排除。

第三篇：2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习

题

暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。

Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent.The extent of the loss was，however，largely a matter of expert guessing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discussing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’

“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”

1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that

[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that

[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an essential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that

[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in

[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解

1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

50%。” B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。C.博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。

3.C.博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddesses with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly possible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this passage?

[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?

[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education?

[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?

[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary

1.to be in for = receive 接受

2.He is in for punishment.他受到惩罚。

3.miniature 缩样，雏形，微型画

4.freckle 雀斑

5.pigtail 鞭子

6.knobbly = knobby 多节的 7.unkempt 乱七八糟，蓬乱的 8.sharp focus = clear view

9.bring into focus 使集中在焦点上，对光

10.bring into sharp focus 这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出

11.deviation 越轨，偏离，入歧途

4页共4页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

12.all the more 越发，格外

难句译注

1.a co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.【参考译文】男女合校至少给孩子提供了一个社会真正缩影。

2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【参考译文】棘手的青春期把成长过程中出现的某些身体上合感情上的问题清晰地摆出来。

写作方法与文章大意

文章论及“男女合校制的优越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”采用因果、对比写法。首先假设单一性别社会，人所不能容忍，那单一性别的学校培养的人又怎能适应社会。因为社会是男女组成的。然后分别对比合校和分校的优缺点。比较合校的优点，分校的缺点，最后得出结论：之后合校的学生，在离校进入社会，已做好一切准备，而不会感到震惊，因为他们已有好几年的经验，会处理面临男女的许多问题。

答案详解

1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse assistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”

This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer pressure to adopt American youth culture——the dress，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambassadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a class of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by

[A]posing a contrast

[B]justifying an assumption

[C]making a comparison

[D]explaining a phenomenon

2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambassadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6页共6页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

[A]they work as a translator for their parents

[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture

[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world

[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambassador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that

[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys

[B]people have prejudice against them

[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls

[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world

4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that

[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world

[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture

[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys

[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined

5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.词汇注释

sidetracked 使受牵制的，误入歧途的 aberration 失常;偏差

outperform 胜过

preliminary 预备的，初步的 discrepancy 相差，差异，矛盾

adept at 熟练于„;擅长于„

straddle 跨坐

navigate 航行于，驾驶，操纵

adversarial 敌手的，对手的 debilitate 使衰弱，使虚弱

macho 男子的，男子气的

hailing from 来自，在某地生长

mediate 仲裁，调停

foist 偷偷插入，使混入

phenomenally 现象上的，明白地;惊人地

irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能补救地

look to sb.for sth.以来或指望某人提供或作某事物

fare 进展;成功

难句讲解

1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7页共7页

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

[简析] 本句话是一个并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades„”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入语;while引导的断语作状语，表示让步。

2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[简析]本句话的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features„”。Because引导的是原因庄宇从句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入语;while 引导的是时间状语从句，其中的by引导的短语作状语，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awareness training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggressive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetness.”

[简析]本句话的主干是“One teacher said that„”。interviewed for the study作定语修饰teacher;that 引导的是宾语从句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰cultural awareness training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic underclass.[简析]本句话的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note„”。冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子;if 引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明if 引导的从句。

答案与解析

1.C 结构题。本题的问题是“在开始段落，作者通过介绍他的主题”。文章

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因。[A]“美国的青少年文化对男孩有不利的影响”是针对

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Access databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?

I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension

1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?

[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?

[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impression.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?

[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?

[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案与题解

1.[C] 细节题。准确定位到原文是解题的关键。本题出现在原文的

凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！

在另一个附件中则求职信将发挥不出它

的作用。

2.[C] 细节题。本题的干扰项在B项。校对的确可以减少错误，但这并不是本文强调的重点。本文认为避免一些低级错误是给审查简历的人留下好印象的机会。

3.[D] 细节题。请看文中的

第四篇：2012考研英语阅读理解

2012考研英语阅读理解：读外刊扩大词汇量

2011年10月24日 11:38来源：万学海文

英语二阅读理解A部分题型为多项选择题，总共有4篇文章，总长度为1500词左右，要求考生阅读文章并回答每篇文章后面的问题。每篇文章后设有5个问题，共20题，每小题2分，总计40分。对于中国的英语学习者说，不管是英语四、六级，专

四、专八考试，还是考研、考博考试，阅读始终是一项最为重要的技能，所占的分数比例大，“得阅读者得天下”，阅读能力并不仅仅体现在阅读理解一项当中，很大程度上，阅读理解能力是综合素质的体现，阅读能力也和英语知识运用、新题型、写作等题型相互关联，这样题型的解决需要通过阅读获取相关的信息，如果阅读能力不好，这些题型的做题质量会受到大大地影响。

依据最新的大纲，万学海文(微博)英语考研辅导老师们对阅读A部分做了一个详细地分析，通过和考研英语一阅读理解A部分的对比，我们可以获知以下的信息，英语二阅读量减小，英语一是1600词，英语二是1500，而且没有说生词量不超过总共的3%，考查生词的可能性降到最低，大纲中并没有提到超纲词汇，这给了考生一个定心丸，即不必担心超纲词汇。且英语二明确规定了考察的体裁和题材。题材是经济、管理、社会、文化、科普。这方面的题材与专业硕士的特点休戚相关，且英语一中的八大阅读能力的要求减为6条。少了“理解文中的概念性含义”和“区分论点和论据”这两个难度较大的要求，“进行有关的判断、推理和引申”去掉了引申，而除去的以上两点对阅读有非常高的要求。英语二阅读部分所要掌握的六大能力是：1，理解文章的要义，2，理解文中的具体信息，3，理解作者的意图、观点或态度，4，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，5，根据上下文推测生词的词义，6，理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系。

综上所述，英语二对阅读能力的考查大为降低了，明确规定了所要考查的范围，考生在复习的时候，可以有的放矢，对所考查的题型进行精心复习。2012年在考题的难度上和题型的设计上相比2011年很有可能没有大的改变，这是一个可喜的消息，还有，万学海文英语考研辅导老师们建议2012年的考生在复习阅读题型时，可以读一些外刊，因为据我们的统计，很多阅读来源于外刊，比如，经济学人，时代周刊，纽约时报，读这样的文章不但可以使我们扩充词汇量，了解有关的题材，而且还可以获取背景知识，藉此，在了解了相关知识后，然后辅以适当的解题技巧，这样在答题的时候一定会游刃有余。

万学海文建议考生在复习的时候，应该定期做题，勤于思考，总结方法，除此外，还要夯实基础，平时在做题的过程中，把篇章中一些好的句子(特别是长难句)、短语、以及一些高频常考词汇抄录下来，日积月累，做题的正确率定会提高，得高分的可能性就会增大，考取理想院校就会

第五篇：考研英语练习题1

考试时间：30分钟 用户： 总分：100

练习一

(共计：20道题)

1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don‟t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?

(5分)

A)She will continue looking around．

B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．

Question：What relation is George to the woman?

(5分)

A)Grandmother and grandchild．

B)Mother and son—in 1aw．

C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?

(5分)

A)Her camera was broken．

B)She will get her students card tomorrow．

C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn‟t handed in her photos yet． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People‟s Home．They‟11 look after him．

Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?

(5分)A)There are not enough Old People‟s Homes．

B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．

C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?

Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don‟t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．

Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

(5分)

A)Customer and barber．

B)Customer and waitress．

C)Customer and tailor．

D)Tourist and travel agent． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)

’

6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine．

Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?

(5分)

A)Join the man．

B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．

D)Write some letter． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

7.Man：This meat is spoiled．

Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．

Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?

(5分)

A)At a track meet．

B)On the highway．

C)At a manager‟s conference． D)In a supermarket． 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．

Woman：I‟11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman„s profession?(5分)A)A student．

B)A doctor．

C)An optometrist D)A teacher． 您的答案： A)‘B)C)D)

9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue．

Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?

(5分)

A)Sue already knows about the party．

B)Allen does not know Sue．

C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won„‟t tell Sue about the party． 您的答案： A)10.B)

C)

D)

After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)

A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried 您的答案： A)11.B)

C)

D)

The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)

A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal 您的答案： A)13.B)

C)

D)

The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)

A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced 您的答案： A)14.B)

C)

D)

A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise

C)accumulate D)contribute 您的答案： A)15.B)

C)

D)

Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)

A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through 您的答案： A)17.B)

C)

D)

Children's clothes have to be strong to＿hard wear.(5分)

A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with 您的答案： A)18.B)

C)

D)

An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)

A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity 您的答案： A)19.B)

C)

D)

I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on 您的答案： A)20.B)

C)

D)

When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)

A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary 您的答案： A)B)

C)

D)

---------北京学苑教育©CopyRight---------

完成时间：2012-7-12 1:43:52 用户： 总分：100 1.Man：Would you like to try on that dress，Madam? Woman：Thank you，but I don‟t think the pink color goes very well with my shoes． Question：What will the woman do next?

(5分)A)She will continue looking around．

B)She will find a pair of suitable shoes for the dress． C)She will try on the dress． D)She will buy the pink dress．

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

选择A 女士说粉色的连衣裙与她的鞋子不搭配，所以她既不会买连衣裙，也不会试穿。只有选项A（她会继续看看别的。）内容符合题意。

本题得分：

0 2.Man：When are George's parents coming back? Woman：My sister says both she and Georges father will stay on for the weekend since George is all right here with us．

Question：What relation is George to the woman?

(5分)A)Grandmother and grandchild．

B)Mother and son—in 1aw．

C)Aunt and nephew． D)Aunt and niece．

您的答案：

正确答案：

C 试题解析： 选择C 男士问乔治的父母何时回来，女士回答她的姐姐和乔治的父亲要过了周末再回来。可见，乔治的母亲是女士的姐姐，所以女士与乔治是姨妈与外甥的关系。

本题得分：

0 3.Man：Have you picked up your students card from the office? Woman：No，the camera from which you can get instant photos was out of order． Question：Why hasn‘’t the woman got her student‘’s card?

(5分)A)Her camera was broken．

B)She will get her students card tomorrow．

C)She has to choose a picture for the office． D)She hasn‟t handed in her photos yet．

您的答案：

正确答案：

D 试题解析：

选择D A: 她的相机坏了。B：她明天会达到学生证。C：她还没有选好照片。D：她还没有交上照片。由相机坏了推断她是因为无法上交照片，所以没有拿到学生证。

本题得分：

0 4.Woman：Put your grandfather in an Old People‟s Home．They‟11 look after him．

Man：They would if they could． Question：What does the man imply?

(5分)A)There are not enough Old People‟s Homes．

B)Grandfather will not get what he needs most there．

C)Grandfather will be taken good care of there． D)Grandfather is not willing to be put there．

您的答案：

正确答案：

B 试题解析：

选择B 女士建议男士把祖父送到养老院，因为养老院能好好照顾老人。男士的回答使用了虚拟语气“如果他们能好好照顾，他们会这样做”，说明在养老院，祖父得不到良好的照顾。

本题得分：

0 5.Woman：Good morning，sir．The usual?

Man：Yes，please，Anna．Just a trim．Don‟t take too much off the top—it’s thin enough already．

Question：What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

(5分)A)Customer and barber．

B)Customer and waitress．

C)Customer and tailor．

D)Tourist and travel agent．

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

由男士所说的“稍微修剪一下。头顶已经很薄了，不用剪太多”等语可知，他应该是在理发。

本题得分：

0 6.Man：Its such a warm day．I think I11 do some reading in the sunshine． ‘

’Woman：I‘d like to join you but I find it easier to concentrate here． Question：What is the woman going to do?

(5分)A)Join the man．

B)Do some reading with the man inside． C)Stay inside．

D)Write some letter．

您的答案：

正确答案：

C 试题解析：

选择C but是个转折词, 一般重点都是在后面。

本题得分：

0 7.Man：This meat is spoiled．

Woman：Maybe we ought to tell the manager about it．

Question：Where did this conversation most likely take place?

(5分)A)At a track meet．

B)On the highway．

C)At a manager‟s conference． D)In a supermarket．

您的答案：

正确答案：

D 试题解析：

选择D 题中“meat，spoil，manager”表明不是餐馆便是商场，选项中D最靠近。

本题得分：

0 8.Man：I think I may need glasses．but I'm not entirely sure．

Woman：I‟11 be able to tell once you have looked at this vision chart． Question：What’s is the woman„s profession?(5分)A)A student．

B)A doctor．

C)An optometrist D)A teacher．

您的答案：

正确答案：

C 试题解析：

选择 C 对话中表明女士是一个验光师。vision chart：视力图。

本题得分：

0 9.Woman：I don’t think we should have told Allen about the surprise party for Sue． ‘Man：It‘’s all right．He does not make promises lightly，and he promised not to tell． Question：What does the man mean?

(5分)A)Sue already knows about the party．

B)Allen does not know Sue．

C)Allen will probably tell Sue about the party． D)Allen won„‟t tell Sue about the party．

您的答案：

正确答案：

D 试题解析：

选择D lightly: 轻易地。

本题得分：

0 10.After his death，his papers-including unpublished articles and correspondence-were at the library.(5分)A)deposited B)attributed C)involved D)buried

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

deposit“存放，储存”；attribute“把……归因于”；involve“卷人，包含”；bury“埋藏”、“安葬”。题句意思为：“他逝世后，他写的东西—包括未公开发表的文章和信件—都存放在图书馆。”

本题得分：

0 11.The number of deaths＿to cigarette smoking clearly outweighs all other factors，whether voluntary or involuntary，as a cause of death.(5分)A)attributed B)contributed C)devoted D)exposed

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

attribute...to“把……归因于，认为是……所为”；contribute to“贡献，捐助”；devote , to ,“把……奉献给”；expose , to“使……暴露于……，受到……”。题句意思为：“很明显，吸烟（不管是自觉吸烟，还是无意识吸烟）导致死亡的人数，远高于其他因素。”

本题得分：

0 12.At first few of us took his analysis of the market situation seriously，but his views were confirmed by the＿development of events.(5分)A)rapid B)subsequent C)substantial D)principal

您的答案：

正确答案：

B 试题解析： subsequent“后来的，随后的”；rapid“急速的”；substantial,“实质性的，坚固的”；principal“主要的，最重要的”。题句意思：“最初，我们当中没什么人把他对市场的分析当回事儿，可是他的观点被后来的事态发展所证实。”

本题得分：

0 13.The fingerprints left at the scene of the crime finally＿the identity of the criminal.(5分)A)established B)affirmed C)convinced D)reinforced

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

establish“确立，确认”；of firm“断言，肯定”；convince“使确信”；reinforce“增援，厂加强”。题句意：“犯罪现场留下的指纹最终确定了罪犯是谁。”affirm, convince, assert一般不与identity构成动宾结构。

本题得分：

0 14.A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has bought out at a discounted price and＿funds by selling tickets at a full price.(5分)A)furnish B)raise

C)accumulate D)contribute

您的答案：

正确答案：

B 试题解析：

raise funds“集资”；furnish“提供”；accumulate“积蓄”；contribute“为……贡献”。按句意选B。

本题得分： 0 15.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal＿of exchange in the highly diversified commercial world.(5分)A)measure B)intermediate C)medium D)mechanism

您的答案：

正确答案：

C 试题解析：

medium“媒介”，复数形式是media;measure“措施，办法”；intermediate指时间、空间、程度的“中间物”；mechanism“机制”。

本题得分：

0 16.She＿a beauty contest but she only got a consolation prize.(5分)A)went to B)went over to C)went in for D)went through

您的答案：

正确答案：

C 试题解析：

go in for“参加”，如：go in for an exam“参加考试”。go over to“转到……方面”；go through“通过”。

本题得分：

0 17.Children's clothes have to be strong to＿hard wear.(5分)A)stand up to B)stand up for C)stand.up against D)put up with

您的答案：

正确答案：

A 试题解析：

stand up to“经得住，勇敢地面对”；stand up for“为……辩护”；，stand up against“坚决抵抗”；put up with“忍受”。

本题得分：

0 18.An energetic manager can be a great＿to his firm.(5分)A)influence B)asset C)profit D)prosperity

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B 试题解析：

asset“财产，资产，宝贵的人或物”；inf1uence“影响”；profit“利润”；prosperity“繁荣，兴旺”。

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0 19.I think we should insure___ the house fire.(5分)A)for.B)from C)against D)on

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C 试题解析：

insure against“给……保险，使免受……”。

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0 20.When we watch a play or a film，we all realize that the characters are some times(5分)A)imaginative B)imaginable C)imagined D)imaginary

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D 试题解析：

imaginary“虚构的”；imaginative“富于想象力的”；imaginable“可以想象的”；imagined“被想象的”。

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