温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话翻译实践报告

第一篇：温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话翻译实践报告

Acknowledgments

is going to run out.And with the accomplishments of my graduation thesis, I’d like to express my sincere gratitude to all those who have offered me invaluable help during the half year of my postgraduate study here.First and foremost, my deepest gratitude will go to Professor Zhang Jinghui, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance.She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis.Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have been possible.Secondly, I would like to express my deep-hearted gratitude to all my classmates who studied with me throughout this term, and from whom I have benefited a lot from their teaching and enlightening lectures.All these knowledge I have learned from them have prepared myself for writing the thesis.Lastly, my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these times.I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow roommates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis without a word of complaint.摘 要

在国际交流中,国际会议是一种非常重要的交流形式,做好国际会议的英语口译对加强我国对外宣传和交流发挥重要的桥梁作用。

本翻译报告分析了英语口译的特点,结合奈达动态对等的翻译理论进行实例分析,从三个层次分析高质量口译的特点，及我如何在翻译实例中改进我的翻译。本文主要从奈达的功能对等理论出发,对《温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话》的翻译进行初步研究和探索,目的是探讨一些有效的口译策略和手段。

本报告正文分为以下四部分。第一部：分简单介绍文本特点。第二部分：首先，进行文本阅读分析；其次，找出口译的重、难点，并找出相关对策；然后，结合奈达动态对等的翻译理论，分析动态对等原则在口译中的运用；最后，则是总结了我在口译实践中的思考。第三部分：全面介绍了口译者应有的素养。第四部分：结语。本文介绍对国际会议上领导人发言的口译研究,并文本特点及翻译策略两方面《温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话》的文体特征做了分析。通过研究发现,用功能对等理论来研究口译，特别是同声传译、即席翻译领域意义重大。本翻译报告理论联系实际,作者认为正确选词对准确传达原文的意义有至关重要的作用。报告详细分析了如何翻译正式词语,修饰语及如何进行正确搭配以达到功能对等。作者建议在翻译过程中要进行必要的补充和解释,着重于传达深层次的文化内涵。

关键词：国际会议；动态对等；口译

ABSTRACT

In order to enhance global communication and mutual understanding among states, international conference interpretation serves as a very important form of communication medium.High-quality Interpretation not only plays a vital role in improving China's diplomatic profile but also sets up as foreign propaganda to clarify misunderstandings about the nation.This report analyzes the characteristics of interpreting by using Nida's dynamic equivalence translation theory.And the author’s reflections on how to improve one’s interpretation skills through concrete examples.This report mainly focuses on “Premier Wen at the Copenhagen climate change summit on speech translation for” through Nida's functional equivalence theory.This report is divided into the following four parts.The first part: to introduce the characteristics of text;The second part: to start with, to analyses the reading of the text.next, to find the key and difficulty points during my interpretation and come up with effective solutions;then, to analysis the target oral interpretation text in combination with Nida's dynamic equivalence translation theory;finally, to summarize my reflections on interpretation.The third part: a comprehensive introduction to the job of an interpreter.The fourth part: conclusion.This report takes “the premier at the Copenhagen climate change summit” speech as an example, aiming to explore conference interpretation, particularly simultaneous interpretation, and impromptu translation with Nida’s dynamic equivalence theory.KEY Words：international conference;dynamic equivalence;interpretation

Address by Wen Jiabao At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Copenhagen, 18 December 2009 温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导

人会议上的讲话翻译实践报告

A Thesis Submitted to Prof.Zhang, the Graduate School of Henan University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Completion of the the course: Translation for Foreign Affairs

By Li Zhuoyu

Supervisor: Prof.Zhang

December, 2012

汉语原文

摘自温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝(2009年12月18日 哥本哈根)拉斯穆森首相阁下，各位同事：

此时此刻，全世界几十亿人都在注视着哥本哈根。我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。站在这个讲坛上，我深感责任重大。

„„

——中国是最早制定实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家。先后制定和修订了节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑节能条例等一系列法律法规，把法律法规作为应对气候变化的重要手段。

——中国是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家。我们不断完善税收制度，积极推进资源性产品价格改革，加快建立能够充分反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的价格形成机制。全面实施十大重点节能工程和千家企业节能计划，在工业、交通、建筑等重点领域开展节能行动。深入推进循环经济试点，大力推广节能环保汽车，实施节能产品惠民工程。推动淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能1.4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

——中国是新能源和可再生能源增长速度最快的国家。我们在保护生态基础上，有序发展水电，积极发展核电，鼓励支持农村、边远地区和条件适宜地区大力发展生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增长51%，年均增长14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量达到2.5亿吨标准煤。农村有3050万户用上沼气，相当于少排放二氧化碳4900多万吨。水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量均居世界第一位。

——中国是世界人工造林面积最大的国家。我们持续大规模开展退耕还林和植树造林，大力增加森林碳汇。2003至2008年，森林面积净增2054万公顷，森林蓄积量净增11.23亿立方米。目前人工造林面积达5400万公顷，居世界第一。

中国有13亿人口，人均国内生产总值刚刚超过3000美元，按照联合国标准，还有1.5亿人生活在贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务十分艰巨。我国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段，能源结构以煤为主，降低排放存在特殊困难。但是，我们始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降46%。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此长时间内这样大规模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。我们的减排目标将作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划，保证承诺的执行受到法律和舆论的监督。我们将进一步完善国内统计、监测、考核办法，改进减排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，积极开展国际交流、对话与合作。

英语译文

At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Address by Wen Jiabao Copenhagen, 18 December 2009

Dear Colleagues, At this very moment, billions of people across the world are watching closely what is happening in Copenhagen.All the will that we want to express and all the promises that we will make here should help to push forward mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.Standing here, I am deeply aware of the significance of my heavy responsibility.…

— China was the first developing country to set up and implement the National Climate Change Program.We have established or revised successively the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.All the laws and regulations have been an important means for us to cope with this climate change.— China has made the greatest efforts ever in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons for steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13% from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.— China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51%, with an annual growth rate of 14.7%.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.— China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return farmland to forest and expand forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China’s forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 54 million hectares, the largest in the world.China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded US$3,000.According to the UN standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people’s livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46%.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China’s mid-and long-term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one, and its implementation is subject to the supervision by law and public opinion.We will further enhance domestic statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchanges, dialogue and cooperation.翻译报告

1文本介绍

从文体上看,我选的这篇温总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话属于涉外文书中的领导人在国际会议上的发言稿。而国际会议内容千差万别，涉及某个领域，比如本篇发言稿口语化特点比较突出，同时又比较正式，是典型的口译文本。

2翻译过程

2.1翻译前的准备 2.1.1文本阅读

本文是国际气候变化会议的口译，涉及环境方面的专业词汇比较多，政治策彩鲜明。其主要功能在于阐明观点，向世界汇报应对气候变化我们采取了哪些措施，还有哪些不足之处，以及未来我们承诺要做些什么和世界其它国家一道，共同应对全球变化。2.2专业词汇及数字的翻译

仔细阅读文本不难发现该文本有两个显著特点：一是专业术语比较多，二是很多数字成串出现。2.2.1专业词汇的翻译

口译员做这类口译之前应该做好充分的准备，要收集掌握与气候相关的词汇，要善于学习与时俱进。文中涉及的专业词汇比较多，比如：法律方面的有节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法，应分别译作the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law；还有能源方面 的有生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能应分别译作biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power；此外还有机械方面的有水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量，应分别译作installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity等。2.2.2数字的翻译

如：2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能1.4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

在准备数字翻译时要注意英汉两种语言的不同表达方法，注意平时积累，翻译时要注意多使用几种不同的表达方式，使语言听起来流畅自然而且富有变化。注意万吨表达，多使用百位数后接million再接计量单位吨；中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%,相当于„„可使用，„drop by 13% from the 2005 level，equivalent to„句型来表达，显得句式整齐而且意思一目了然。我的译文本着这一思路就处理成：

The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons for steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China’s energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13% from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.2.3 翻译理论和实践结合

本译文主要采用的翻译理论——主要是美国语言学家奈达提出的“动态对等”。

国内口译界一般把口译（主要是指即席口译）的标准定为：准确，通顺，及时。同声口译更是要追求：达意，通顺，迅速。核心是“达意”，不达意再“通顺”，再“迅速”都是没有意义的。

奈达提出的的“形式对等和动态对等”概念（formal vs.dynamic equivalence），尤其是“动态对等”对口译启发最大。他对翻译的定义是：Translating consists in producing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.也就是说翻译追求两种语言信息的最近似的自然等值，首先是在意义方面，其次在风格方面。这一定义尤其适合同声传译，我们知道同时传译有其局限性，由于受内外因素（题材、时间、速度、设备、情绪等）的制约，同声传译应该追求动态的对等，即，先达到意义上的等值，再追求风格的对等，要遵循神似为主，形似为辅的原则。所谓“动态对等”，就必须跳出形式对等的框架，寻求两种语言在传达思想和情感上的对等。

口译中一个词一个句子的口译往往就能充分显示这种“动态对等”。换言之，口译中也有“炼词”和“琢句”的问题。例如：sophisticated weapons 第一遍可能译成“复杂的武器”，讲话人几次重复后，译员则可能译出更好的表达“尖端武器”；Be a man！开始可能译作“要像个男人”，后来可能改进成“要像个男子汉!”。结合同传和本篇文章，我们从三个层次来分析耐达的“动态对等”。A．充分达意（透过表层结构，进入深层结构的译文，与原文最近似的等值）；

B．基本达意（受原话表层结构的部分束缚，但原话的基本意思已表达出来）；

C．表层达意（受原话表层结构的严重束缚，只能表达原话的表层意思）。

这三个层次形成一种动态对等的状况：高质量的口译基本上处于A与B之间，A多于B；而低质量的口译游移于C与B之间，甚至经常处于C状态。

例：（1）我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。

我一开始译作：The will and commitments we made here should be an impetus to mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.这里只能达到B层次，与A层次还有差距，我的译文显得生硬，表达不口语化，经过认真思考和深层次分析我改为：All the will that we want to express and all the promises that we make here should help to push forward mankind’s historical process of combating climate change.这样做译文不仅口语化十足，而且充分表达出了这句话的深层含义。

例：（2）1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降46%。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此长时间内这样大规模 降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。

最初我译作：Between 1990 and 2005, china’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP dropped by 46%, on a basis of which we have raised another move to realize the goal of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.In such along period, if we are to achieve an reduction of carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale, we have to spare no efforts to do so.我基本上采用顺句驱动原则来翻译，考虑到上文用过drop by,就把这里的下降改为reduce by；考虑到前一个句子断句不合适，显得冗长就重新斟酌，适当断句，把降低二氧化碳排放直接用作主语，即英语中常见的主谓宾结构，也就简化成了降低排放需要付出努力。我修改后的译文为：

Between 1990 and 2005, China’s carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46%.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45% by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.3口译者的素养

口译是高层次的语言工作，对口译者要求极高，尤其是同声传译者，做的是“金字塔”塔尖的工作，对译员的素质就更高了。但是要 求再高也是人做的，口译工作并不是多么高深莫测高不可及。只要心怀梦想，肯为目标奋斗，中是可以做到的。3.1口译者要有丰富的知识储备

口译者需要相当出色的语言能力，能够灵活自如地驾驭两种语言，此外还需要快速反应准确理解原语信息的能力作为辅助。此外，口译者还应该有强烈的求知欲，重视平时积累，最好建立自己的语料库，成为百科全书式的“杂家”。

大量实践证明，译员的背景知识和口译质量呈呈正相关，题材越熟悉，口以质量越高。3.2口译者要有良好的工作态度

良好的工作态度是指要有良好的心态，热爱自己的工作，不任劳任怨。还要具有不怕挫折，愈挫愈勇的心态。口译中总有情况我们无法预料，总有突发时间出现，这就要求口译者心态好，乐观积极，要有超人的抗压能力，心理素质过硬，不管遇到任何情况都要处变不惊，从容应对。

3.3口译者要有良好的合作精神

大量实践证明，译员的背景知识和口译质量呈呈正相关，题材越熟悉，口以质量越高。口译，尤其是同传，一般是由两到三人组成的小组共同承担口译任务，由于压力过大，译员每二十分钟左右需要暂停休息，以免大脑缺氧影响口译质量。这就显得团队协作精神尤为重要，要把个人融入团队和同伴默契配合。轮休的译员在休息中帮搭档记笔记。找资料或者适时递一瓶水，在出现技术故障的情况下主动向 技术人员求助。总之，尽力帮助团队中每个人发挥得好，共同完成小组任务。

4总结

总之，优秀的口译员需要知识底子全面深厚、悟性高、用心积累和肯下功夫，就有可能在同声传译中达到自如的境界。同传不是神秘莫测，如魔术般玄幻，它是一门技术和艺术相结合的专业，因此如果只具备很丰富的知识积累和较强的语言功底是不够的，还需要熟悉同传技巧。把语言、知识和技巧有机地结合起来，作为口译者的路会越来越宽广。

Bibliography

[1] Barik, Henri.A Study of Simultaneous Interpretation.New York：Harper Collins Publishers.8:58-59.1996.[2]陈菁.口译教学应如何体现口译的特点，《中国翻译》，第六期

[3]罗进德.我看联合国文件的翻译，载自《联合国翻译论文集》，北京：中国对外翻译出版社，1993 [4] 杨自检、刘学云《翻译新论》.武汉：武汉教育出版社，1994 [5] 何其莘、仲伟合.《外事笔译》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2009.10.[6] 何其莘、仲伟合.《同声传译》.北京:外语教学与研究出版社，2009.7.[7] 王绍祥.口译应变策略选自《中国科技翻译》.2004（5）.[8] 仲伟合.《英汉同声传译》.北京：高等教育出版，2008.[9] 张维为.《英汉同声传译》北京: 中国对外翻译出版社,1999.8.[10] 材料出自：外交部网站http://www.xiexiebang.com/chn

第二篇：温家宝总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

温家宝总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话 2009年12月18日，国务院总理温家宝在丹麦哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上发表了题为《凝聚共识 加强合作 推进应对气候变化历史进程》的重要讲话。讲话全文如下：

凝聚共识 加强合作 推进应对气候变化历史进程

——在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝(2009年12月18日 哥本哈根)Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation

To Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

Address by H.E.Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China

At the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit

Copenhagen, 18 December 2009

拉斯穆森首相阁下，各位同事： Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues, 此时此刻，全世界几十亿人都在注视着哥本哈根。我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。站在这个讲坛上，我深感责任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.气候变化是当今全球面临的重大挑战。遏制气候变暖，拯救地球家园，是全人类共同的使命，每个国家和民族，每个企业和个人，都应当责无旁贷地行动起来。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年来，中国现代化建设取得的成就已为世人瞩目。在这里我还要告诉各位，中国在发展的进程中高度重视气候变化问题，从中国人民和人类长远发展的根本利益出发，为应对气候变化做出了不懈努力和积极贡献。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.——中国是最早制定实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家。先后制定和修订了节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑节能条例等一系列法律法规，把法律法规作为应对气候变化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.——中国是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家。我们不断完善税收制度，积极推进资源性产品价格改革，加快建立能够充分反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的价格形成机制。全面实施十大重点节能工程和千家企业节能计划，在工业、交通、建筑等重点领域开展节能行动。深入推进循环经济试点，大力推广节能环保汽车，实施节能产品惠民工程。推动淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能1.4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.——中国是新能源和可再生能源增长速度最快的国家。我们在保护生态基础上，有序发展水电，积极发展核电，鼓励支持农村、边远地区和条件适宜地区大力发展生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增长51%，年均增长14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量达到2.5亿吨标准煤。农村有3050万户用上沼气，相当于少排放二氧化碳4900多万吨。水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量均居世界第一位。--China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008,renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.——中国是世界人工造林面积最大的国家。我们持续大规模开展退耕还林和植树造林，大力增加森林碳汇。2003至2008年，森林面积净增2054万公顷，森林蓄积量净增11.23亿立方米。目前人工造林面积达5400万公顷，居世界第一。--China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45million hectares, the largest in the world.中国有13亿人口，人均国内生产总值刚刚超过 3000美元，按照联合国标准，还有1.5亿人生活在贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务十分艰巨。我国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段，能源结构以煤为主，降低排放存在特殊困难。但是，我们始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降 46%。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此长时间内这样大规模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。我们的减排目标将作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划，保证承诺的执行受到法律和舆论的监督。我们将进一步完善国内统计、监测、考核办法，改进减排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，积极开展国际交流、对话与合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues, 应对气候变化需要国际社会坚定信心，凝聚共识，积极努力，加强合作。必须始终牢牢把握以下几点：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles: 第一，保持成果的一致性。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

应对气候变化不是从零开始的，国际社会已经为之奋斗了几十年。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》是各国经过长期艰苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的广泛共识，是国际合作应对气候变化的法律基础和行动指南，必须倍加珍惜、巩固发展。本次会议的成果必须坚持而不能模糊公约及其议定书的基本原则，必须遵循而不能偏离“巴厘路线图”的授权，必须锁定而不能否定业已达成的共识和谈判取得的进展。

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，坚持规则的公平性。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

“共同但有区别的责任”原则是国际合作应对气候变化的核心和基石，应当始终坚持。近代工业革命200年来，发达国家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放总量的80%。如果说二氧化碳排放是气候变化的直接原因，谁该承担主要责任就不言自明。无视历史责任，无视人均排放和各国的发展水平，要求近几十年才开始工业化、还有大量人口处于绝对贫困状态的发展中国家承担超出其应尽义务和能力范围的减排目标，是毫无道理的。发达国家如今已经过上富裕生活，但仍维持着远高于发展中国家的人均排放，且大多属于消费型排放；相比之下，发展中国家的排放主要是生存排放和国际转移排放。今天全球仍有24亿人以煤炭、木炭、秸秆为主要燃料，有16亿人没有用上电。应对气候变化必须在可持续发展的框架下统筹安排，决不能以延续发展中国家的贫穷和落后为代价。发达国家必须率先大幅量化减排并向发展中国家提供资金和技术支持，这是不可推卸的道义责任，也是必须履行的法律义务。发展中国家应根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，尽可能减缓温室气体排放，适应气候变化。

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities ”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目标的合理性。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

中国有句成语：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句谚语：罗马不是一天建成的。应对气候变化既要着眼长远，更要立足当前。《京都议定书》明确规定了发达国家至2012年第一承诺期的减排指标。但从实际执行情况看，不少发达国家的排放不减反增。目前发达国家已经公布的中期减排目标与协议的要求和国际社会的期望仍有相当距离。确定一个长远的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重点放在完成近期和中期减排目标上，放在兑现业已做出的承诺上，放在行动上。一打纲领不如一个行动，我们应该通过切实的行动，让人们看到希望。

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.” Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads, “Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，确保机制的有效性。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

应对气候变化，贵在落实行动，重在机制保障。国际社会要在公约框架下做出切实有效的制度安排，促使发达国家兑现承诺，向发展中国家持续提供充足的资金支持，加快转让气候友好技术，有效帮助发展中国家、特别是小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家加强应对气候变化的能力建设。

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要强调的是，中国政府确定减缓温室气体排放的目标是中国根据国情采取的自主行动，是对中国人民和全人类负责的，不附加任何条件，不与任何国家的减排目标挂钩。我们言必信、行必果，无论本次会议达成什么成果，都将坚定不移地为实现、甚至超过这个目标而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.谢谢！Thank you.

第三篇：2009.12.18温家宝在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

温家宝在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

Wen Jiabao speech to COP15 Copenhagen

凝聚共识加强合作推进应对气候变化历史进程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相阁下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此时此刻，全世界几十亿人都在注视着哥本哈根。我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。站在这个讲坛上，我深感责任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.气候变化是当今全球面临的重大挑战。遏制气候变暖，拯救地球家园，是全人类共同的使命，每个国家和民族，每个企业和个人，都应当责无旁贷地行动起来。

Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年来，中国现代化建设取得的成就已为世人瞩目。在这里我还要告诉各位，中国在发展的进程中高度重视气候变化问题，从中国人民和人类长远发展的根本利益出发，为应对气候变化做出了不懈努力和积极贡献。The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.-中国是最早制定实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家。先后制定和修订了节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑节能条例等一系列法律法规，把法律法规作为应对气候变化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address climate change.-中国是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家。我们不断完善税收制度，积极推进资源性产品价格改革，加快建立能够充分反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的价格形成机制。全面实施十大重点节能工程和千家企业节能计划，在工业、交通、建筑等重点领域开展节能行动。深入推进循环经济试点，大力推广节能环保汽车，实施节能产品惠民工程。推动淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能1.4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.-中国是新能源和可再生能源增长速度最快的国家。我们在保护生态基础上，有序发展水电，积极发展核电，鼓励支持农村、边远地区和条件适宜地区大力发展生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增长51%，年均增长14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量达到2.5亿吨标准煤。农村有3050万户用上沼气，相当于少排放二氧化碳4900多万吨。水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.-中国是世界人工造林面积最大的国家。我们持续大规模开展退耕还林和植树造林，大力增加森林碳汇。2003至2008年，森林面积净增2054万公顷，森林蓄积量净增11.23亿立方米。目前人工造林面积达5400万公顷，居世界第一。

-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中国有13亿人口，人均国内生产总值刚刚超过3000美元，按照联合国标准，还有1.5亿人生活在贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务十分艰巨。我国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段，能源结构以煤为主，降低排放存在特殊困难。但是，我们始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降46%。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此长时间内这样大规模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。我们的减排目标将作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划，保证承诺的执行受到法律和舆论的监督。我们将进一步完善国内统计、监测、考核办法，改进减排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，积极开展国际交流、对话与合作。China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,应对气候变化需要国际社会坚定信心，凝聚共识，积极努力，加强合作。必须始终牢牢把握以下几点：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。应对气候变化不是从零开始的，国际社会已经为之奋斗了几十年。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》是各国经过长期艰苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的广泛共识，是国际合作应对气候变化的法律基础和行动指南，必须倍加珍惜、巩固发展。本次会议的成果必须坚持而不能模糊公约及其议定

书的基本原则，必须遵循而不能偏离“巴厘路线图”的授权，必须锁定而不能否定业已达成的共识和谈判取得的进展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，坚持规则的公平性。“共同但有区别的责任”原则是国际合作应对气候变化的核心和基石，应当始终坚持。近代工业革命200年来，发达国家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放总量的80%。如果说二氧化碳排放是气候变化的直接原因，谁该承担主要责任就不言自明。无视历史责任，无视人均排放和各国的发展水平，要求近几十年才开始工业化、还有大量人口处于绝对贫困状态的发展中国家承担超出其应尽义务和能力范围的减排目标，是毫无道理的。发达国家如今已经过上富裕生活，但仍维持着远高于发展中国家的人均排放，且大多属于消费型排放；相比之下，发展中国家的排放主要是生存排放和国际转移排放。今天全球仍有24亿人以煤炭、木炭、秸秆为主要燃料，有16亿人没有用上电。应对气候变化必须在可持续发展的框架下统筹安排，决不能以延续发展中国家的贫穷和落后为代价。发达国家必须率先大幅量化减排并向发展中国家提供资金和技术支持，这是不可推卸的道义责任，也是必须履行的法律义务。发展中国家应根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，尽可能减缓温室气体排放，适应气候变化。

Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today, 2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目标的合理性。中国有句成语：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句谚语：罗马不是一天建成的。应对气候变化既要着眼长远，更要立足当前。《京都议定书》明确规定了发达国家至2012年第一承诺期的减排指标。但从实际执行情况看，不少发达国家的排放不减反增。目前发达国家已经公布的中期减排目标与协议的要求和国际社会的期望仍有相当距离。确定一个长远的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重点放在完成近期和中期减排目标上，放在兑现业已做出的承诺上，放在行动上。一打纲领不如一个行动，我们应该通过切实的行动，让人们看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation

shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，确保机制的有效性。应对气候变化，贵在落实行动，重在机制保障。国际社会要在公约框架下做出切实有效的制度安排，促使发达国家兑现承诺，向发展中国家持续提供充足的资金支持，加快转让气候友好技术，有效帮助发展中国家、特别是小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家加强应对气候变化的能力建设。Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要强调的是，中国政府确定减缓温室气体排放的目标是中国根据国情采取的自主行动，是对中国人民和全人类负责的，不附加任何条件，不与任何国家的减排目标挂钩。我们言必信、行必果，无论本次会议达成什么成果，都将坚定不移地为实现、甚至超过这个目标而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.谢谢！

Thank you.

第四篇：温家宝总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

温家宝总理在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话（全文）

中广网 2009-12-19 02:

3112月18日，中国国务院总理温家宝在哥本哈根出席联合国气候变化大会领导人会议。这是温家宝在会上发表讲话。新华社记者武巍摄

国务院总理温家宝18日在丹麦哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上发表了题为《凝聚共识 加强合作 推进应对气候变化历史进程》的重要讲话。讲话全文如下：

凝聚共识 加强合作

推进应对气候变化历史进程

——在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝

（2009年12月18日 哥本哈根）

拉斯穆森首相阁下，各位同事：

此时此刻，全世界几十亿人都在注视着哥本哈根。我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。站在这个讲坛上，我深感责任重大。

气候变化是当今全球面临的重大挑战。遏制气候变暖，拯救地球家园，是全人类共同的使命，每个国家和民族，每个企业和个人，都应当责无旁贷地行动起来。

近三十年来，中国现代化建设取得的成就已为世人瞩目。在这里我还要告诉各位，中国在发展的进程中高度重视气候变化问题，从中国人民和人类长远发展的根本利益出发，为应对气候变化做出了不懈努力和积极贡献。

——中国是最早制定实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家。先后制定和修订了节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑节能条例等一系列法律法规，把法律法规作为应对气候变化的重要手段。

——中国是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家。我们不断完善税收制度，积极推进资源性产品价格改革，加快建立能够充分反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的价格形成机制。全面实施十大重点节能工程和千家企业节能计划，在工业、交通、建筑等重点领域开展节能行动。深入推进循环经济试点，大力推广节能环保汽车，实施节能产品惠民工程。推动淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能1．4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13％，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

——中国是新能源和可再生能源增长速度最快的国家。我们在保护生态基础上，有序发展水电，积极发展核电，鼓励支持农村、边远地区和条件适宜地区大力发展生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增长51％，年均增长14．7％。2008年可再生能源利用量达到2．5亿吨标准煤。农村有3050万户用上沼气，相当于少排放二氧化碳4900多万吨。水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量均居世界第一位。

——中国是世界人工造林面积最大的国家。我们持续大规模开展退耕还林和植树造林，大力增加森林碳汇。2003至2008年，森林面积净增2054万公顷，森林蓄积量净增11．23亿立方米。目前人工造林面积达5400万公顷，居世界第一。

中国有13亿人口，人均国内生产总值刚刚超过3000美元，按照联合国标准，还有1．5亿人生活在贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务十分艰巨。我国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段，能源结构以煤为主，降低排放存在特殊困难。但是，我们始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降

46％。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40％－45％，在如此长时间内这样大规模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。我们的减排目标将作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划，保证承诺的执行受到法律和舆论的监督。我们将进一步完善国内统计、监测、考核办法，改进减排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，积极开展国际交流、对话与合作。

12月18日，中国国务院总理温家宝在哥本哈根出席联合国气候变化大会领导人会议。这是温家宝在会上发表讲话。新华社记者武巍摄

各位同事，应对气候变化需要国际社会坚定信心，凝聚共识，积极努力，加强合作。必须始终牢牢把握以下几点：

第一，保持成果的一致性。应对气候变化不是从零开始的，国际社会已经为之奋斗了几十年。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》是各国经过长期艰苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的广泛共识，是国际合作应对气候变化的法律基础和行动指南，必须倍加珍惜、巩固发展。本次会议的成果必须坚持而不能模糊公约及其议定书的基本原则，必须遵循而不能偏离“巴厘路线图”的授权，必须锁定而不能否定业已达成的共识和谈判取得的进展。第二，坚持规则的公平性。“共同但有区别的责任”原则是国际合作应对气候变化的核心和基石，应当始终坚持。近代工业革命200年来，发达国家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放总量的80％。如果说二氧化碳排放是气候变化的直接原因，谁该承担主要责任就不言自明。无视历史责任，无视人均排放和各国的发展水平，要求近几十年才开始工业化、还有大量人口处于绝对贫困状态的发展中国家承担超出其应尽义务和能力范围的减排目标，是毫无道理的。发达国家如今已经过上富裕生活，但仍维持着远高于发展中国家的人均排放，且大多属于消费型排放；相比之下，发展中国家的排放主要是生存排放和国际转移排放。今天全球仍有24亿人以煤炭、木炭、秸秆为主要燃料，有16亿人没有用上电。应对气候变化必须在可持续发展的框架下统筹安排，决不能以延续发展中国家的贫穷和落后为代价。发达国家必须率先大幅量化减排并向发展中国家提供资金和技术支持，这是不可推卸的道义责任，也是必须履行的法律义务。发展中国家应根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，尽可能减缓温室气体排放，适应气候变化。

第三，注重目标的合理性。中国有句成语：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句谚语：罗马不是一天建成的。应对气候变化既要着眼长远，更要立足当前。《京都议定书》明确规定了发达国家至2012年第一承诺期的减排指标。但从实际执行情况看，不少发达国家的排放不减反增。目前发达国家已经公布的中期减排目标与协议的要求和国际社会的期望仍有相当距离。确定一个长远的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重点放在完成近期和中期减排目标上，放在兑现业已做出的承诺上，放在行动上。一打纲领不如一个行动，我们应该通过切实的行动，让人们看到希望。

第四，确保机制的有效性。应对气候变化，贵在落实行动，重在机制保障。国际社会要在公约框架下做出切实有效的制度安排，促使发达国家兑现承诺，向发展中国家持续提供充足的资金支持，加快转让气候友好技术，有效帮助发展中国家、特别是小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家加强应对气候变化的能力建设。

最后，我要强调的是，中国政府确定减缓温室气体排放的目标是中国根据国情采取的自主行动，是对中国人民和全人类负责的，不附加任何条件，不与任何国家的减排目标挂钩。我们言必信、行必果，无论本次会议达成什么成果，都将坚定不移地为实现、甚至超过这个目标而努力。

谢谢！

第五篇：温家宝在哥本哈根气候变化会议领导人会议上的讲话 英汉对照

凝聚共识加强合作推进应对气候变化历史进程

Build Consensus and Strengthen Cooperation to Advance the Historical Process of Combating Climate Change

The following is the full text of Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao's address, delivered at the Copenhagen Climate Change Summit here on Friday:

(2009年12月18日哥本哈根)

拉斯穆森首相阁下，各位同事：

Prime Minister Rasmussen, Dear Colleagues,此时此刻，全世界几十亿人都在注视着哥本哈根。我们在此表达的意愿和做出的承诺，应当有利于推动人类应对气候变化的历史进程。站在这个讲坛上，我深感责任重大。

At this very moment, billions of people across the world are following closely what is happening here in Copenhagen.The will that we express and the commitments that we make here should help push forward mankind's historical process of combating climate change.Standing at this podium, I am deeply aware of the heavy responsibility.气候变化是当今全球面临的重大挑战。遏制气候变暖，拯救地球家园，是全人类共同的使命，每个国家和民族，每个企业和个人，都应当责无旁贷地行动起来。Climate change is a major global challenge.It is the common mission of the entire mankind to curb global warming and save our planet.It is incumbent upon all of us, each and every country, nation, enterprise and individual to act, and act now in response to this challenge.近三十年来，中国现代化建设取得的成就已为世人瞩目。在这里我还要告诉各位，中国在发展的进程中高度重视气候变化问题，从中国人民和人类长远发展的根本利益出发，为应对气候变化做出了不懈努力和积极贡献。

The past 30 years have seen remarkable progress in China's modernization drive.Let me share with you here that China has taken climate change very seriously in the course of its development.Bearing in mind the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and mankind's long-term development, we have exerted unremitting effort and made positive contribution to the fight against climate change.中国是最早制定实施《应对气候变化国家方案》的发展中国家。先后制定和修订了节约能源法、可再生能源法、循环经济促进法、清洁生产促进法、森林法、草原法和民用建筑节能条例等一系列法律法规，把法律法规作为应对气候变化的重要手段。

China was the first developing country to adopt and implement a National Climate Change Program.We have formulated or revised the Energy Conservation Law, Renewable Energy Law, Circular Economy Promotion Law, Clean Production Promotion Law, Forest Law, Grassland Law and Regulations on Civil Building Efficiency.Laws and regulations have been an important means for us to address1

climate change.中国是近年来节能减排力度最大的国家。我们不断完善税收制度，积极推进资源性产品价格改革，加快建立能够充分反映市场供求关系、资源稀缺程度、环境损害成本的价格形成机制。全面实施十大重点节能工程和千家企业节能计划，在工业、交通、建筑等重点领域开展节能行动。深入推进循环经济试点，大力推广节能环保汽车，实施节能产品惠民工程。推动淘汰高耗能、高污染的落后产能，2006至2008年共淘汰低能效的炼铁产能6059万吨、炼钢产能4347万吨、水泥产能

1.4亿吨、焦炭产能6445万吨。截至今年上半年，中国单位国内生产总值能耗比2005年降低13%，相当于少排放8亿吨二氧化碳。

China has made the most intensive efforts in energy conservation and pollution reduction in recent years.We have improved the taxation system and advanced the pricing reform of resource products with a view to putting in place at an early date a pricing mechanism that is responsive to market supply and demand, resource scarcity level and the cost of environmental damage.We have introduced 10 major energy conservation projects and launched an energy conservation campaign involving 1,000 enterprises, bringing energy-saving action to industry, transportation, construction and other key sectors.We have implemented pilot projects on circular economy, promoted energy-saving and environment-friendly vehicles and supported the use of energy-saving products by ordinary households with government subsidies.We have worked hard to phase out backward production facilities that are energy intensive and heavily polluting.The inefficient production capacity that China eliminated between 2006 and 2008 stood at 60.59 million tons for iron, 43.47 million tons of steel, 140 million tons for cement and 64.45 million tons for coke.By the end of the first half of this year, China's energy consumption per unit of GDP had dropped by 13 percent from the 2005 level, equivalent to reducing 800 million tons of carbon dioxide.中国是新能源和可再生能源增长速度最快的国家。我们在保护生态基础上，有序发展水电，积极发展核电，鼓励支持农村、边远地区和条件适宜地区大力发展生物质能、太阳能、地热、风能等新型可再生能源。2005年至2008年，可再生能源增长51%，年均增长14.7%。2008年可再生能源利用量达到2.5亿吨标准煤。农村有3050万户用上沼气，相当于少排放二氧化碳4900多万吨。水电装机容量、核电在建规模、太阳能热水器集热面积和光伏发电容量均居世界第一位。

-China has enjoyed the fastest growth of new energy and renewable energy.On the basis of protecting the eco-environment, we have developed hydro power in an orderly way, actively developed nuclear power, and encouraged and supported the development of renewable energy including biomass, solar and geothermal energy and wind power in the countryside, remote areas and other places with the proper conditions.Between 2005 and 2008, renewable energy increased by 51 percent, representing an annual growth rate of 14.7 percent.In 2008, the use of renewable energy reached an equivalent of 250 million tons of standard coal.A total of 30.5 million rural households gained access to bio-gas, equivalent to a reduction of 49 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions.China ranked first in the world in terms of installed hydro power capacity, nuclear power capacity under construction, the

coverage of solar water heating panels and photovoltaic power capacity.中国是世界人工造林面积最大的国家。我们持续大规模开展退耕还林和植树造林，大力增加森林碳汇。2003至2008年，森林面积净增2054万公顷，森林蓄积量净增11.23亿立方米。目前人工造林面积达5400万公顷，居世界第一。-China has the largest area of man-made forests in the world.We have continued with the large-scale endeavor to return to farmland to forest and expand a forestation, and made vigorous effort to increase forest carbon sink.Between 2003 and 2008, China's forest coverage registered a net increase of 20.54 million hectares and forest stock volume rose by 1.123 billion cubic meters.The total area of man-made forests in China has reached 45 million hectares, the largest in the world.中国有13亿人口，人均国内生产总值刚刚超过3000美元，按照联合国标准，还有1.5亿人生活在贫困线以下，发展经济、改善民生的任务十分艰巨。我国正处于工业化、城镇化快速发展的关键阶段，能源结构以煤为主，降低排放存在特殊困难。但是，我们始终把应对气候变化作为重要战略任务。1990至2005年，单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放强度下降46%。在此基础上，我们又提出，到2020年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，在如此长时间内这样大规模降低二氧化碳排放，需要付出艰苦卓绝的努力。我们的减排目标将作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展的中长期规划，保证承诺的执行受到法律和舆论的监督。我们将进一步完善国内统计、监测、考核办法，改进减排信息的披露方式，增加透明度，积极开展国际交流、对话与合作。

China has a 1.3 billion population and its per capita GDP has only exceeded 3,000 U.S.dollars.According to the U.N.standards, we still have 150 million people living below the poverty line and we therefore face the arduous task of developing the economy and improving people's livelihood.China is now at an important stage of accelerated industrialization and urbanization, and, given the predominant role of coal in our energy mix, we are confronted with special difficulty in emission reduction.However, we have always regarded addressing climate change as an important strategic task.Between 1990 and 2005, China's carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP were reduced by 46 percent.Building on that, we have set the new target of cutting carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by 40-45 percent by 2020 from the 2005 level.To reduce carbon dioxide emissions on such a large scale and over such an extended period of time will require tremendous efforts on our part.Our target will be incorporated into China's mid-and-long term plan for national economic and social development as a mandatory one to ensure that its implementation is subject to the supervision by the law and public opinions.We will further enhance the domestic-statistical, monitoring and evaluation methods, improve the way for releasing emission reduction information, increase transparency and actively engage in international exchange, dialogue and cooperation.各位同事，Dear Colleagues,应对气候变化需要国际社会坚定信心，凝聚共识，积极努力，加强合作。必须始

终牢牢把握以下几点：

To meet the climate challenge, the international community must strengthen confidence, build consensus, make vigorous effort and enhance cooperation.And we must always adhere to the following three principles:

第一，保持成果的一致性。应对气候变化不是从零开始的，国际社会已经为之奋斗了几十年。《联合国气候变化框架公约》及其《京都议定书》是各国经过长期艰苦努力取得的成果，凝聚了各方的广泛共识，是国际合作应对气候变化的法律基础和行动指南，必须倍加珍惜、巩固发展。本次会议的成果必须坚持而不能模糊公约及其议定书的基本原则，必须遵循而不能偏离“巴厘路线图”的授权，必须锁定而不能否定业已达成的共识和谈判取得的进展。

First, maintaining the consistency of outcomes:

The campaign against climate change has not just started.In fact, the international community has been engaged in this endeavor for decades.The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol are the outcomes of long and hard work by all countries.They reflect the broad consensus among all parties and serve as the legal basis and guide for international cooperation on climate change.And as such, they must be highly valued and further strengthened and developed.The outcome of this conference must stick to rather than obscure the basic principles enshrined in the Convention and the Protocol.It must follow rather than deviate from the mandate of the “Bali Roadmap”.It should lock up rather than deny the consensus and progress already achieved in the negotiations.第二，坚持规则的公平性。“共同但有区别的责任”原则是国际合作应对气候变化的核心和基石，应当始终坚持。近代工业革命200年来，发达国家排放的二氧化碳占全球排放总量的80%。如果说二氧化碳排放是气候变化的直接原因，谁该承担主要责任就不言自明。无视历史责任，无视人均排放和各国的发展水平，要求近几十年才开始工业化、还有大量人口处于绝对贫困状态的发展中国家承担超出其应尽义务和能力范围的减排目标，是毫无道理的。发达国家如今已经过上富裕生活，但仍维持着远高于发展中国家的人均排放，且大多属于消费型排放；相比之下，发展中国家的排放主要是生存排放和国际转移排放。今天全球仍有24亿人以煤炭、木炭、秸秆为主要燃料，有16亿人没有用上电。应对气候变化必须在可持续发展的框架下统筹安排，决不能以延续发展中国家的贫穷和落后为代价。发达国家必须率先大幅量化减排并向发展中国家提供资金和技术支持，这是不可推卸的道义责任，也是必须履行的法律义务。发展中国家应根据本国国情，在发达国家资金和技术转让支持下，尽可能减缓温室气体排放，适应气候变化。Second, upholding the fairness of rules:

The principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities”represents the core and bedrock of international cooperation on climate change and it must never be compromised.Developed countries account for 80 percent of the total global carbon dioxide emissions since the Industrial Revolution over 200 years ago.If we all agree that carbon dioxide emissions are the direct cause for climate change, then it is all too clear who should take the primary responsibility.Developing countries only started industrialization a few decades ago and many of their people still live in abject

poverty today.It is totally unjustified to ask them to undertake emission reduction targets beyond their due obligations and capabilities in disregard of historical responsibilities, per capita emissions and different levels of development.Developed countries, which are already leading an affluent life, still maintain a level of per capita emissions that is far higher than that of developing countries, and most of their emissions are attributed to consumption.In comparison, emissions from developing countries are primarily survival emissions and international transfer emissions.Today,2.4 billion people in the world still rely on coal, charcoal, and stalks as main fuels, and 1.6 billion people have no access to electricity.Action on climate change must be taken within the framework of sustainable development and should by no means compromise the efforts of developing countries to get rid of poverty and backwardness.Developed countries must take the lead in making deep quantified emission cuts and provide financial and technological support to developing countries.This is an unshirkable moral responsibility as well as a legal obligation that they must fulfill.Developing countries should, with the financial and technological support of developed countries, do what they can to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change in the light of their national conditions.第三，注重目标的合理性。中国有句成语：千里之行，始于足下。西方也有句谚语：罗马不是一天建成的。应对气候变化既要着眼长远，更要立足当前。《京都议定书》明确规定了发达国家至2012年第一承诺期的减排指标。但从实际执行情况看，不少发达国家的排放不减反增。目前发达国家已经公布的中期减排目标与协议的要求和国际社会的期望仍有相当距离。确定一个长远的努力方向是必要的，更重要的是把重点放在完成近期和中期减排目标上，放在兑现业已做出的承诺上，放在行动上。一打纲领不如一个行动，我们应该通过切实的行动，让人们看到希望。

And third, paying attention to the practicality of the targets:

There is a Chinese proverb which goes, “A one-thousand-mile journey starts with the first step.”Similarly, there is a saying in the West which reads,“Rome was not built in one day.” In tackling climate change, we need to take a long-term perspective, but more importantly, we should focus on the present.The Kyoto Protocol has clearly set out the emission reduction targets for developed countries in the first commitment period by 2012.However, a review of implementation shows that the emissions from many developed countries have increased rather than decreased.And the mid-term reduction targets recently announced by developed countries fall considerably short of the requirements of the Convention and the expectations of the international community.Itis necessary to set a direction for our long-term efforts, but it is even more important to focus on achieving near-term and mid-term reduction targets, honoring the commitments already made and taking real action.One action is more useful than a dozen programs.We should give people hope by taking credible actions.第四，确保机制的有效性。应对气候变化，贵在落实行动，重在机制保障。国际社会要在公约框架下做出切实有效的制度安排，促使发达国家兑现承诺，向发展中国家持续提供充足的资金支持，加快转让气候友好技术，有效帮助发展中国家、特别是小岛屿国家、最不发达国家、内陆国家、非洲国家加强应对气候变化的能力建设。

Fourth, ensure the effectiveness of institutions and mechanisms:

Concrete actions and institutional guarantee are essential to our effort on tackling climate change.The international community should make concrete and effective institutional arrangements under the Convention and urge developed countries to honor their commitments, provide sustained and sufficient financial support to developing countries, speed up the transfer of climate-friendly technologies and effectively help developing countries, especially small island states, least developed countries, landlocked countries and African countries, strengthen their capacity in combating climate change.最后，我要强调的是，中国政府确定减缓温室气体排放的目标是中国根据国情采取的自主行动，是对中国人民和全人类负责的，不附加任何条件，不与任何国家的减排目标挂钩。我们言必信、行必果，无论本次会议达成什么成果，都将坚定不移地为实现、甚至超过这个目标而努力。

I wish to conclude by underlining that it is with a sense of responsibility to the Chinese people and the whole mankind that the Chinese government has set the target for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.This is a voluntary action China has taken in the light of its national circumstances.We have not attached any condition to the target, nor have we linked it to the target of any other country.We will honor our word with real action.Whatever outcome this conference may produce, we will be fully committed to achieving and even exceeding the target.谢谢！

Thank you.