第一篇:3英语学科2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试纲要
2018 年安徽省初中学业水平考试纲要
英 语
一、编写说明
《2018 年安徽省初中学业水平考试纲要(英语)》(以下简称《纲要》)是 依据教育部颁发的《全日制义务教育英语课程标准(2011 年版)》(以下简称《课 程标准》)的内容和要求,结合我省英语教学实际而制定的。本《纲要》对我省 2018 年初中学业水平考试英语学科的考试性质与目标、考试内容与要求、考试形 式与试卷结构等提出了明确要求,做出了具体说明,并选编了例证性试题。本《纲 要》是我省 2018 年初中学业水平考试英语学科的命题依据。
二、考试性质与目标
初中学业水平考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试,是修完义务教育课程的初 中学生参加的水平性考试。考试结果既是衡量学生是否达到初中毕业标准的主要 依据,也是高中阶段学校招生的重要依据之一。英语学业水平考试的目的是全面、准确地考查初中毕业生在英语学习方面达到《课程标准》中“五级目标”水平的 程度;全面落实《课程标准》所确立的课程评价理念;促进教学方式的转变,引 导义务教育阶段英语教学全面落实《课程标准》;促进学生英语学习方式的改进 和英语学习兴趣的培养,提高综合语言运用能力;推动义务教育阶段评价与考试 制度改革以及普通高中招生制度的改革。
三、考试内容与要求
根据《课程标准》确定的义务教育英语课程的总体目标要求,全面考查学生 听、说、读、写等四种英语语言技能的综合实践能力以及灵活运用语言知识的能 力。在确定考查内容和标准时,主要参考《课程标准》中“内容标准”五级的内 容和要求及相关的附录,同时参考三级和四级的内容和要求。具体考查要求如下:
(一)语言知识 考查 项目
内容和要求
1.了解语音在语言学习中的意义。语音 2.在日常生活会话中做到语音、语调基本正确、自然、流畅。3.根据重音和语调的变化,理解和表达不同的意图和态度。4.根据读音规则和音标拼读单词。
1.了解英语词汇包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式。词汇 2.理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义。3.运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征,说明概念等。
4.学会使用 1500~1600 个单词和 200~300 个习惯用语或固定搭配。
1.理解“附录 2:语法项目表”中所列语法项目并能在特定语境中使用。2.了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能。语法 3.在实际运用中体会和领悟语言形式的表意功能。
4.理解并运用恰当的语言形式描述人和物;描述具体事件和具体行为的 发生、发展过程;描述时间、地点及方位;比较人、物体及事物等。
功能 在交往中恰当理解和运用五级所列功能意念的语言表达形式(具体内容 参见附录 3)。
话题 围绕五级所列话题恰当理解与运用相关的语言表达形式(具体内容参见 附录 4)。
(二)语言运用 考查 项目
内容和要求
1.能根据语调和重音理解说话者的意图。
2.能听懂有关熟悉话题的谈话,并能从中提取信息和观点。听 3.能借助语境克服生词障碍、理解大意。
4.能听懂接近自然语速的故事和叙述,理解故事的因果关系。5.能在听的过程中用适当方式做出反应。6.能针对所听语段的内容记录简单信息。
1.能就简单的话题提供信息,表达简单的观点和意见,参与讨论。2.能与他人沟通信息,合作完成任务。3.能在口头表达中进行适当的自我修正。说 4.能有效地询问信息和请求帮助。5.能根据话题进行情景对话。6.能用英语表演短剧。
7.能在以上口语活动中做到语音、语调自然,语气恰当。1.能根据上下文和构词法推断、理解生词的含义。2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。
3.能找出文章中的主题,理解故事的情节,预测故事情节的发展和可 读 能的结局。
4.能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。
5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。6.能利用词典等工具书进行阅读。7.课外阅读量应累计达到 15 万词以上。1.能根据写作要求,收集、准备素材。
2.能独立起草短文、短信等,并在教师的指导下进行修改。写 3.能使用常见的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。4.能简单描述人物或事件。
5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。
四、例证性试题
(一)听力
听力部分主要考查学生对英语口头语言的理解能力以及从真实性语言材料中 获取信息、归纳判断和正确应答的能力。考试的方式是让学生在听录音过程中或 听完录音之后,根据录音提供的信息完成某项任务。主要考查形式为:
1.听句子,选关键词语。
学生听 1 个句子(两遍),然后选择所听句子里包含的单词或短语。[例 1] A.milk
B.drink
C.chalk 录音:Kathy, would you please get me some chalk?
(答案:C)
[说明]通过听句子,考查学生在听的过程中捕捉关键词以及单词辨音的能力。要求 学生能听懂句子的大意,并根据所获取的关键信息来选择单词或短语。
2.听短对话,选图片。
学生听一段短对话(两遍),然后回答问题。选项为图片形式。[例 2] What will the speakers’ grandparents do this Sunday? A.B.C.录音:M: Shall we go to visit our grandparents this Sunday? W: Good idea.But they will go fishing.(答案:B)
[说明]通过听简短对话,考查学生捕捉细节信息以及信息转换的能力。要求学生在 听懂对话的基础上将关键的语音信息转换成图像信息。
3.听短对话,选答案。
学生听一段短对话(两遍),然后回答问题。选项为文字形式。[例 3] What does the woman want to do? A.Stay with Alan.B.Send Alan to school.C.Find Alan a teacher.录音:M: I think Alan is about the right age to go to school.W: But he is still so young, and I like to stay with him at home for some more time.(答案:A)
[说明]通过听简短对话,考查学生对所听的录音材料的理解和判断能力。要求学生 能识别对话中的重要信息,进行简单的推断并选出答案。
4.听长对话,选答案。
学生听一段长对话(两遍),然后回答问题。[例 4] 1.What is wrong with the woman? A.She has a headache.B.She has a fever.C.She has a cough.2.What is the relationship between the two speakers? A.Classmates.B.Doctor and patient.C.Father and daughter.录音:M: You look pale, Jenny.Are you OK? W: I think I am all right.M: Do you have a headache? W: No.I just have a cough.M: Perhaps you should see a doctor.W: Well, I am OK.The terrible weather makes me feel bad.M: I still think you should see a doctor.Let’s go and ask our head teacher for a leave.(答案:1-2 CA)
[说明]通过听多个轮回的对话,考查学生对谈话的主题以及对主要信息的获取能 力。要求学生能根据所听的日常生活中熟悉话题的谈话,捕捉主要信息。
5.听短文,选答案。
学生听一篇短文(两遍),然后回答问题。[例 5] 1.How old are the speaker’s parents? A.Under 60.B.About 65.C.Over 70.2.What happened at the speaker’s home village? A.A big rainstorm.B.An earthquake.C.A car accident.3.How long will the speaker stay at home? A.For three days.B.For five days.C.For a week.C.Buy a new house.4.What can the speaker do to help? A.Do some repair work.B.Call the police.5.What is the listening text? A.A public speech.录音:
Hi, Paul!This is Max speaking.This morning I received a telephone call from my parents, who are both over seventy.They told me that there was a big rainstorm at my home village and their house was broken.As the only son of my parents, I should be back to help them to get over these difficulties.So I will have to stay there from June 23 to 27.Though I cannot stay at home for too long a time, I should at least help with the repair work.I believe my relatives in the village and my neighbors will also come to help.I hope you won’t worry about me when you get this message.(答案:1-5 CABAB)
[说明] 通过听简短独白,考查学生在语篇中获取信息、分析综合、正确判断的能 力。要求学生根据所听内容,在理解主旨大意的基础上,捕捉主要信息,并做出 合理的判断和推理。
6.听短文或对话,写信息。
学生听完一篇短文或对话(两遍),然后根据内容及填写要求,补全信息。[例 6]
A School Day Who When The students of Class Eight, Grade 1 Last
to help the visitors.of the school.B.A phone message.C.A news report. Some students acted as 3 What The speaker told the visitors about the Other students put on a for the visitors.录音:
I am a student from Class Eight, Grade Nine of the State Public School.We had a School Day last Friday.That’s a wonderful experience for me.The students of our class waited at the school gate early that morning.Some of us worked as guides to show the visitors around our school.I made a welcome speech, telling something about the history of our school.And the others put on a funny short play for the visitors.All the visitors were pleased with it.They laughed and laughed.We also enjoyed ourselves a lot.(答案:1.Nine/9 2.Friday 3.guides 4.history
5.play)
[说明]通过听短文或对话,考查学生对听力材料中事实性、具体性信息的获取与处 理能力。这种题型将听与写两种考查方式有机结合,要求学生具备通过听短文或 对话等材料,完成主要或关键信息填写的能力,这是综合语言运用能力的具体体 现。
(二)英语知识运用 1.单项填空
单项填空的考查点较为均衡地涉及语法、词汇、常见表达法、语用等方面,要求学生根据题干所提供的语境,从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出 可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
[例 7] The New Silk Road will offer a good ______ for more nations to communicate.A.chance
B.habit
C.question
D.price(答案: A)
[例 8] — Look at the stone bridge!Do you know ______ it was built? — In the 1860s.It is quite old.A.when
B.how
C.where
D.why(答案: A)
[例 9] — May I do some sports after finishing my homework? — _______.It is good for your health.A.I hope not C.Of course
B.Sorry, you can’t D.Yes, I’d love to
(答案: C)
[说明]要求学生在充分理解题干的基础上,从所提供的四个选项中选出最佳答案,目的是结合一定的语境,考查学生语言知识的综合运用能力。考查的主要语言知 识有语法知识、词汇知识、习惯用语、交际用语和各种常见表达法等。
以上例题对词汇、语法、交际用语等的考查都是在相对完整的语境中进行的,学生必须在充分理解题干意义的基础上,通过语句前后的逻辑关系或对话交际之 间的联系进行判断,才能选出正确的选项。
2.完形填空
要求学生通读短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项 中选出一个最佳选项。[例 10] Henry Bond was about seven years old when his father died.His mother found it 1 to support the large family.However, she tried her best to do so.Also, she 2 Henry, the eldest son, to school.At one time, Henry needed a grammar book for his study.His family was so 3 that his mother could not afford one.One morning, Henry found that a deep snow had fallen, and the 4
wind was blowing.“Ah,” he said, “it is an ill wind that blows nobody good.” With these words, he ran to the house of a neighbor, and offered his 5
to move away the snow around it.The offer was accepted.When he finished the work, he received his 6.Then he went to another place for the 7
purpose, and then to another, 8
he had earned(挣得)enough to buy a grammar book.From that time, Henry was 9
the first in all his classes.He knew no such word as “ 10 ”, and he succeeded in all he tried to do.Having the will, he always found the way.1.A.easy 2.A.returned 3.A.large 4.A.cold
B.fun B.sent B.small B.warm
C.difficult C.followed C.rich C.cool
D.possible D.lent D.poor D.hot 5.A.service 6.A.book 7.A.last 8.A.if 9.A.always 10.A.help
B.choice B.pay B.strange B.because B.never B.fail
C.money C.letter C.same C.since C.already C.try
D.interest D.study D.boring D.until D.seldom D.give
(答案: 1-5 CBDAA 6-10 BCDAB)
[说明]考查学生对语言知识灵活运用的能力。在一篇难易适中的短文中留出十处空 白,要求学生从每小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项,使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。学生根据对短文的理解以及上下文之间的逻辑关系,运用 所学的语法、词汇和语用等方面的知识,从所给的选项中选择恰当的词语,将短 文中空缺的内容补充完整。考点的设置和选项的设计考虑到其科学性和合理性,选项均为同一类别,具有唯一性,学生只有根据对文章整体的理解和前后句之间 的逻辑关系的正确判断才能对最佳选项做出选择。此题型既可以考查学生对单词 搭配、习惯用法、语法结构的掌握情况,又可以考查学生的语篇理解和逻辑推理 能力。
(三)阅读理解
要求学生根据对话内容,从方框内的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,其中有两个为多余选项。
1.补全对话 [例 11] Li Lei: Hey, Bruce.I’m going home this weekend.A.Well done!
B.For what? Bruce: 1
C.That’s great.Li Lei: To celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival.D.What kind of festival is it?
E.I have never tasted them.Bruce: 2
F.How will you celebrate it? Li Lei: It is an important time for family.G.Would you like to go with me? Bruce: 3 Li Lei: We’ll have dinner together, watch the moon and eat mooncakes.Bruce: Mooncakes? Are they delicious? Li Lei: Yes.Bruce: 5 4 We can celebrate it together.Thank you!Li Lei: You are welcome.(答案:1-5 BDFGC)
[说明]考查学生用英语进行口头表达的能力,特别是在真实语境中沟通信息、描述 事物与表达情感、发表观点和意见的能力。在一段对话中留出若干空白,要求学 生从所给的选项中选出恰当的句子,使补全后的对话完整、通顺、意义正确。此 类题型要求学生在整体把握对话的基础上进行分析、判断与综合,初步考查学生 口语运用的能力。
2.阅读理解
(1)要求学生阅读短文,从短文后每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出 一个最佳选项。[例12] Dear Sunday Globe, I am writing to tell you about your article Smartphones Make Life Easier in last Sunday’s newspaper.You did an excellent job explaining the good points of smartphones, but you didn’t talk about their bad points at all.So, I hope you’ll let me give your readers some advice on smartphone etiquette(礼仪).The first point I’d like to address is loudness.When you talk on your smartphone in public, please don’t shout.In fact, the microphones in smartphones are very sensitive(灵敏的).So, you can be heard even if you speak quietly.Another point is about personal space.I don’t think it is polite to make calls in small spaces full of people.This makes others uncomfortable and forces them to listen to your personal business.What’s worse, it stops many face-to-face conversations from ever beginning.Lastly, doing two things at the same time is dangerous.For example, making calls while driving is a bad habit.Pay attention to the road!Similarly, when staying with your friends, turn off your smartphone and enjoy their company.Yours truly, Amber Jala 1.Amber Jala wrote the letter to __________.A.find a good job C.make her life easier
B.provide advice D.buy a smartphone 2.What does the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A.致函 B.称呼 C.陈述 D.选址
3.According to Paragraph 3, what makes people around you uncomfortable? A.Discussing face to face.C.Minding your own business.B.Speaking quietly on your phone.D.Calling in small spaces full of people.4.What can we learn from the last paragraph? A.It is dangerous to drive on the road.B.It is easy to start a company with others.C.It is bad to turn off our phones while driving.D.It is important to use our smartphones properly.(答案:1-5 BCDD)
(2)要求学生阅读一篇短文,并根据短文内容在规定的词数范围内回答问题。[例 13] There was once an old and deep well.People got water by dropping a bucket(木桶)tied to a rope.The rope passed over a wheel just above the well.On the other side of the rope was another bucket.A strong pull brought one bucket to the top while the other down to the water.They always passed each other on the way up and down, but never had time to speak.At last, the rope became worn.So a new rope had to be put in its place.While this was being done, the two buckets were left standing together near the well.“What a boring life we have!” said one bucket to the other.“I am quite tired of it.No matter how full we come up, we are always sent down empty.”
But the other bucket laughed and said, “What a funny way you have of looking at things!Don’t you see that whenever we are sent down empty, we always come up full?”
Boys and girls sometimes talk like these two buckets.You may hear one of them say, “Just as we are having a good game, we are made to stop and go to work again.” “Yes,” the other will reply, “but as soon as work is over, we always get to go out and have fun again.”
There are two ways of looking at things.If you want to be happy, look at the bright side.1.What were the buckets tied to?(不超过 10 个词)2.Where did the two buckets talk with each other?(不超过 10 个词)3.What does the story tell us?(不超过 15 个词)答案: 1.A rope./ They were tied to a rope.2.Near the well./ They talked with each other near the well.3.If we want to be happy, we should look at the bright side of things.[说明]阅读理解着重考查学生对各种题材和体裁的书面材料的理解能力以及从各 种材料中获取信息的能力,在理解信息的基础上,学生还要能够对信息加以判断、归纳和综合。要求学生能够读懂较熟悉的日常生活话题方面的文字材料,如海报、说明、广告等,以及书刊中的短文材料。
阅读理解的考查内容主要集中在以下几个方面:(1)理解文章的主旨和要义;
(2)理解文章中的具体信息(包括图文转换的信息);(3)根据上下文推测单词的词义;(4)进行简单的判断和推理;(5)理解文章的基本结构;(6)理解作者的基本态度和观点。
(四)写 1.单词拼写
要求学生根据首字母及汉语提示,完成单词的拼写,使句意明确,语言通顺。[例 14] An old man began to collect rubbish along the river b
(岸)years ago.(答案:bank/banks)
[例 15] Please follow the rules.Don’t t
(触碰)the photos in the museum.(答案:touch)
[说明]单词拼写着重考查学生的单词拼写能力,要求学生在理解句意的基础上,写 出单词在本句中的正确形式。
2.书面表达
要求学生根据所提示的信息,用英语写一段话。要求词数 80~100。[例 16] 假定你是李华,你们学校将举行“弘扬中华传统文化——戏曲进校园”展演 活动,你打算邀请你的美国朋友 Mike 参加。请你根据以下提示用英文给他写一封 电子邮件。
1.时间:7 月 1 日下午 2 点; 2.地点:学校操场;
3.内容:文化展览、节目表演等。提示词:戏曲 opera n.注意:1.词数 80~100;
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.信中不能出现与本人相关的信息; 4.开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数。
Dear Mike, I know you are interested in Chinese traditional culture.表演 performance n._____________________________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua One possible version: Dear Mike, I know you are interested in Chinese traditional culture.Now, I have a piece of good news to share with you.There is an activity about Chinese traditional operas at 2:00 p.m.on July 1.It will be held on the playground in our school and all the teachers and students will attend.On that day, a culture show and many wonderful opera performances will be put on.It’s a chance for you to learn more about Chinese traditional culture.Come and join us!I think we’ll have a great time.I’m looking forward to your early reply.Yours, Li Hua [说明]书面表达着重考查学生运用所学的语言知识与技能,以书面的形式进行信 息沟通、再现生活经历、描述周围事物、发表意见和观点的能力。
书面表达的总体要求是:切中题意,条理清楚,语句通顺、连贯,语言准确、得当,书写工整。
五、考试形式与试卷结构
1.考试形式:采用闭卷笔试形式。考试时间 120 分钟,试卷满分值 150 分。2.试卷结构:试卷包括听力、英语知识运用、阅读理解和写四个部分。部 分
题
型
题 数
计 分
难 度
Ⅰ.关键词语选择 Ⅱ.短对话理解
听力 Ⅲ.长对话理解 Ⅳ.短文理解 Ⅴ.信息转换
英语知识 运用 Ⅵ.单项填空 Ⅶ.完形填空 Ⅷ.补全对话
阅读理解
Ⅸ.阅读理解 Ⅹ.单词拼写 Ⅺ.书面表达
总 计 20 5 20 5 1 95 1 30 5 40 5 25 150
较 容 易 题 约 占 70%,中等难度题约占 20%,较难题约占 10% 写
﹢ 附录 1:
语音项目表
语音教学是语言教学的重要内容之一。自然规范的语音、语调将为有效的口语 交际打下良好的基础。语音教学应注重语义与语境、语调与语流相结合,不要单 纯追求单音的准确性。
在英语教学起始阶段,语音教学主要应通过模仿来进行,教师应提供大量听音、模仿和实践的机会,帮助学生养成良好的发音习惯。
英语有不同的口音,如英国口音、美国口音等。教学中,应让学生在基本掌握 一种口音的基础上,适当接触不同的口音,为他们发展交际能力打下基础。1.基本读音
(1)26 个字母的读音
(2)元音字母在单词中的基本读音
(3)常见的元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
(4)常见的辅音字母组合在单词中的基本读音,如:th, sh, ch 等
(5)辅音连缀的读音,如 black, class, flag, glass, plane, sleep, bright, cry, sky, small, speak, star, street, splash, spring, screen, programme, quiet(6)成节音的读音,如 table, people, uncle, single, middle, little, parcel, basin, cousin, often, seven 等
2.重音
(1)单词重音(2)句子重音 3.意群的读音
(1)连读和失去爆破(2)弱读与同化 4.语调与节奏
(1)语调(升调,降调)(2)节奏 附录 2:
语法项目表
1.名词
(1)可数名词及其单复数(2)不可数名词(3)专有名词(4)名词所有格 2.代词(1)人称代词(2)物主代词(3)反身代词(4)指示代词
(5)不定代词(some, any, no)(6)疑问代词 3.数词
(1)基数词(2)序数词 4.介词和介词短语 5.连词
6.形容词(包括比较级和最高级)7.副词(包括比较级和最高级)8.冠词 9.动词
(1)动词的基本形式(2)系动词
(3)及物动词和不及物动词(4)助动词(5)情态动词
16(6)时态
① 现在进行时 ② 一般现在时 ③ 一般过去时 ④ 一般将来时 ⑤ 过去进行时 ⑥ 现在完成时(7)被动语态
① 一般现在时 ② 一般过去时 ③ 一般将来时 ④ 现在完成时
(8)非谓语动词(动词不定式做宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语)(9)动词短语 10.构词法
(1)前缀、后缀(2)转化(3)合成 11.句子种类
(1)陈述句(肯定式和否定式)
(2)疑问句(一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句)(3)祈使句(4)感叹句
12.简单句的基本句型(1)主语+系动词+表语(2)主语+不及物动词(3)主语+及物动词+宾语
(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(6)there be 句型 13.并列复合句 14.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(2)状语从句
(3)定语从句(由 that, which, who 引导的限定性定语从句)附录 3:
功能意念项目表
1.社会交往(Social communications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)致谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Asking for permission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressing wishes and congratulations)(9)请求与提供帮助(Asking for and offering help)(10)约会(Making appointments)(11)打电话(Making telephone calls)(12)就餐(Having meals)(13)就医(Seeing the doctor)(14)购物(Shopping)(15)问路(Asking the way)(16)谈论天气(Talking about weather)(17)语言交际困难(Language difficulties in communication)(18)提醒注意(Reminding)(19)警告和禁止(Warning and prohibition)(20)劝告(Advice)(21)建议(Suggestions)(22)接受与拒绝(Acceptance and refusal)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreement and disagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likes and dislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certainty and uncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibility and impossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Ability and inability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intention and plan)(30)希望和愿望(Hope and wish)(31)表扬和鼓励(Praise and encouragement)(32)判断与评价(Judgement and evaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(33)高兴(Happiness)(34)惊奇(Surprise)(35)关切(Concern)(36)安慰(Reassurance)(37)满意(Satisfaction)(38)遗憾(Regret)4.时间(Time)(39)时刻(Point of time)(40)时段(Duration)(41)频度(Frequency)(42)顺序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(43)位置(Position)(44)方向(Direction)(45)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(46)存在与不存在(Existence and non-existence)7.特征(Features)(47)形状(Shape)(48)颜色(Colour)(49)材料(Material)(50)价格(Price)(51)规格(Size)(52)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(53)长度(Length)(54)宽度(Width)(55)高度(Height)(56)数量(Quantity)(57)重量(Weight)9.比较(Comparison)(58)同级比较(Equal comparison)(59)差别比较(Comparative and superlative)(60)相似和差别(Similarity and difference)10.逻辑关系(Logical relations)(61)原因和结果(Cause and effect)(62)目的(Purpose)附录 4:
话题项目表
1.个人情况(Personal background)(1)个人信息(Personal information)(2)家庭信息(Family information)(3)学校信息(School information)(4)兴趣爱好(Interests and hobbies)(5)工作与职业(Jobs and careers)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family, friends, and people around)(6)家人与亲友(Family and relatives)(7)朋友(Friends)(8)其他人(Other people)3.居住环境(Living environment)(9)房屋与住所(Houses and apartments)(10)居室(Rooms and homes)(11)家具和家庭用品(Furniture and household items)(12)社区(Community)4.日常活动(Daily routines)(13)家庭生活(Life at home)(14)学校生活(School life)(15)周末活动(Weekend activities)5.学校(School)(16)学校设施(School facilities)(17)学校人员(People at school)(18)学习科目(School subjects)(19)学校活动(School activities)6.个人兴趣(Personal interests)(20)游戏与休闲(Games and leisure)(21)爱好(Hobbies)(22)娱乐活动(Entertainments)(23)旅游(Tourism)7.情感与情绪(Feelings and moods)(24)情感(Feelings)(25)情绪(Moods)8.人际交往(Interpersonal communication)(26)社会行为(Social behaviour)(27)合作与交流(Cooperation and communication)9.计划与安排(Plans and arrangements)(28)计划(Planning)(29)安排(Arranging)10.节假日活动(Festivals, holidays and celebrations)(30)节日与假日(Festivals and holidays)(31)庆祝活动(Celebrations)11.购物(Shopping)(32)购物计划(Shopping plan)(33)商品(Goods)(34)选择(Selecting)(35)付款(Payment)(36)个人喜好(Personal preference)12.饮食(Food and drinks)(37)食物(Food)(38)饮料(Drinks)(39)饮食习俗(Eating and customs)(40)点餐(Ordering food and drink)13.卫生与健康(Hygiene and Health)(41)身体部位(Parts of body)(42)体育健身(Physical fitness and exercise)(43)个人卫生(Personal hygiene)(44)疾病(Illness)(45)健康饮食(Healthy diet)(46)医疗(Medical care)14.安全与救护(Safety and first aid)(47)安全守则(Safety rules)(48)意外(Accidents)(49)急救(First aid)(50)自我保护(Self protection)15.天气(Weather)(51)天气情况(Weather conditions)(52)天气预报(Weather report)(53)衣着与天气(Appropriate dressing for the weather)16.文娱与体育(Recreation and sports)(54)电影与戏剧(Movies and theater)(55)音乐与舞蹈(Music and dance)(56)体育与赛事(Sports and matches)17.旅游与交通(Travel and transport)(57)旅行(Travel)(58)交通运输方式(Modes of transportation)(59)交通标志(Traffic signs)(60)使用地图(Reading maps)18.通讯(Communications)(61)写信(Writing letters)(62)打电话(Making phone calls)(63)使用互联网(Using the Internet)19.语言学习(Language learning)(64)语言学习经历(Language learning experience)(65)语言与文化(Language and culture)(66)语言学习策略(Language learning strategies)(67)体态语(Body language)20.自然(Nature)(68)动物和植物(Animals and plants)(69)山川与河流(Mountains and rivers)(70)季节(Seasons)(71)宇宙(Universe)(72)人与自然(Man and nature)21.世界与环境(The world and the environment)(73)国家与民族(Countries and nationalities)(74)环境保护(Environmental protection)(75)人口(Population)22.科普知识与现代技术(Popular science and modern technology)(76)数字与数据(Figures and data)(77)科普知识(Popular science)(78)发明与技术(Inventions and technological advances)(79)信息技术(Information technology)23.历史与社会(History and society)(80)中国历史与世界历史(History of China and the world)(81)著名人物(Famous people)24.故事与诗歌(Stories and poems)(82)故事(Stories)(83)诗歌(Poems)(84)短剧(Short plays)(85)作家(Writers)附录 5:
词汇表
说明:
1.根据《课程标准》的语言知识目标要求,初中毕业应学习1500-1600 个单 词,要求学习和掌握其基本词义和用法。
2.为体现在具体语境中学习和使用单词的理念,本词汇表不标注单词的词性 和中文释义。
3.本词汇表不列词组和短语。
4.本词汇表不列动词、形容词、副词等的不规则变化。5.本词汇表不列语法术语。
6.可根据构词法推导出的部分名词、形容词、副词等不单列。7.带*的词仅要求考生理解其词义。
A a(an)ability able about above abroad absent accept accident according to achieve across act action active activity actor actress add address adult advantage advice advise afford afraid Africa African after afternoon again against age ago
agree agreement ahead air airport alive all allow almost alone along aloud already also although always America American
among ancient and angry animal another answer ant any anybody anyone anything anyway anywhere appear apple April area arm army around arrive art article artist as Asia Asian ask asleep at attend attention August aunt Australia Australian autumn avoid awake away awful B baby back background bad bag ball balloon bamboo banana bank baseball basic basket basketball bathroom be(am, is, are)beach bean bear beat beautiful because become bed bedroom beef before begin behind believe bell belong below beside best better between big bike(=bicycle)bill bird birth birthday biscuit
bit black blackboard blind block blood blouse blow blue board boat body book bored boring born borrow boss both bottle bottom bowl box boy brain brave bread break breakfast breath bridge bright bring Britain British 27
brother brown brush build building burn bus business busy but butter buy by
C
cake calendar call camera camp
can(can’t/cannot)Canada Canadian cancel cancer candle candy cap capital car card care careful careless carrot
carry cartoon cat catch cause celebrate cent central centre(AmE center)century certain certainly chair chalk chance change cheap check cheer chemistry chess chicken child(pl.children)China Chinese chocolate choice choose chopsticks Christmas church cinema circle city class classmate connect classroom consider clean continue clear control clever conversation climb cook clock cookie close cool clothes copy cloud corn cloudy corner club correct coach cost coal cotton coast cough coat could coffee count coin country cold countryside collect couple college
courage colour(AmE color)course come cousin comfortable cover common cow communicate crayon communication crazy community create company cross compare cry competition culture complete cup computer customer concert cut condition
cute
D
daily dance danger dangerous dark date daughter day dead deaf deal dear December decide decision deep degree delicious dentist depend describe design desk develop development dialogue(AmE dialog)diary dictionary die difference different difficult difficulty dig dining dinner direct direction director dirty discover discovery discuss discussion dish divide do doctor dog dollar door double doubt down draw dream dress drink drive driver drop dry duck dumpling during duty E each ear early earth earthquake east eastern easy eat education effort egg eight eighteen eighth eighty either elder electronic elephant eleven else email empty encourage end energy enemy engineer England English enjoy enough enter environment
eraser especially Europe European even evening event ever every everybody everyday everyone everything everywhere exactly exam
(= examination)example excellent except excited exciting excuse exercise expect expensive experience explain express eye
F
face fact factory 29
fail fair fall family famous fan fantastic far farm farmer fast fat
father(dad)favourite(AmE favorite)fear February feed feel feeling festival fever few field fifteen fifth fifty fight fill film finally
find fine finger finish fire first fish fisherman fit five fix flag floor flower fly flu follow food foot(pl.feet)football for force foreign forest forget fork form forty four fourteen fourth France free French fresh Friday fridge(= refrigerator)friend friendly friendship from front fruit full fun funny future G game garden gate general gentleman geography German Germany get gift giraffe girl give glad glass glove glue go goal gold good goodbye(bye)government grade grammar
granddaughter grandfather(grandpa)grandmother(grandma)grandparent grandson grape grass
great green greeting grey ground group grow guard guess guest guide guitar gun
H
habit hair half hall hamburger hand handbag handsome hang happen happy
hard hardly harmful hat hate have(has)he head headache health healthy hear heart heat heavy height hello help helpful hen her here
hero hers herself hi hide high hill him himself his history hit hobby hold hole holiday home hometown homework honest honour(AmE honor)hope horse hospital hot hotel hour house housework how however huge human humorous hundred hungry hurry hurt husband I I ice ice-cream idea if ill illness imagine important impossible improve in include increase India Indian industry *infer influence information inside instead instruction instrument interest interesting international Internet interview into introduce introduction invent invention invite island it its itself J
jacket January Japan Japanese job join joke journey juice July jump June just
K
keep key keyboard kick kid kill
kilo(= kilogram)kilometre
(AmE kilometer)kind king kiss kitchen kite knee
knife(pl.knives)knock know knowledge
L
lab(= laboratory)lady lake land language large last late later laugh law lay lazy
lead leader leaf(pl.leaves)learn least leave left leg lemon lend less lesson let letter level library lie life lift light like line lion list listen litter little live lively local lock London lonely long look lose lot loud love lovely low luck lucky lunch M machine mad magazine magic main make man(pl.men)manage manager many map minute March mirror mark Miss market miss marry missing match mistake maths
mix
(= mathematics)mobile phone matter model may modern May moment maybe Monday me money meal monkey mean month meaning moon meat more medical morning medicine most meet mother(mum)meeting mountain member mouse(pl.mice)memory mouth mention
move menu movie mess Mr message Mrs method
Ms metre(AmE meter)much middle museum might music mile musician milk must mind my mine
myself 32
N
name national natural nature near nearly necessary neck need neighbour(AmE neighbor)neither nervous never new news newspaper next nice night nine nineteen ninety ninth no nobody nod noise noisy none noodle noon nor north northern nose not note notebook nothing notice November now number nurse O object ocean o’clock October of off offer office officer often oil OK old Olympics on once one online only open opinion opposite or orange order other our ours ourselves out outside over own P Pacific page pain paint pair palace pale pancake panda paper *paragraph pardon parent park part party pass passage passenger passport past patient
pay
PE(= physical education)peace pear pen pencil people perfect perhaps period person
personal pet phone
photo(= photograph)physics piano pick picnic picture pie piece pig pilot pink pioneer pity place plan plane planet plant play player
playground please pleasure plenty pocket poem point police policeman /policewoman polite pollute pollution pool poor
popular(pop)
population possible post postcard postman potato pound power practice praise prefer prepare present president pretty price pride primary print private prize probably problem produce product programme(AmE program)progress project promise pronounce pronunciation proper protect proud provide public pull punish pupil purple purpose push put Q quarter queen question quick quiet quite R rabbit rest race restaurant radio result railway return rain review rainy rice raise rich rapid ride reach right read ring ready rise real
risk realise(AmE realize)river really road reason robot receive rock recently role record room red rope refuse rose regard round regret row relationship rubbish relative rule relax ruler remain
run remember rush remind Russia repair Russian repeat reply S report sad require safe research
safety respect
salad 34
sale salt same sand sandwich satisfy Saturday save say scarf school schoolbag science scientist scissors score screen sea search season seat second secret secretary see seem seldom sell send sense
sentence separate September serious serve service set seven seventeen seventh seventy several shake shall shame shape share she sheep(pl.sheep)shine ship shirt shoe shop short shorts should shoulder shout show shower shut shy sick side sight sign silence silent silk silly silver similar simple since sing single sir sister sit situation six sixteen sixth sixty size skate skill skirt sky sleep sleepy slow small smart smell smile smoke smooth snake snow snowy so social society
sock sofa soft solve some somebody someone something sometimes somewhere son song soon sorry sound soup south southern space spare speak speaker special speech speed spell spend spirit spoon sport spread spring square stamp stand
standard star start state station stay steal step stick still stomach stomachache stone stop store storm story straight strange stranger strawberry street strict strong student study stupid subject succeed success successful such sudden sugar suggest suggestion summer sun Sunday sunny supermarket supper support suppose sure surface surprise survey sweater sweet swim swimming T table tail take talent talk tall tape task taste taxi tea teach teacher team technology teenager telephone thousand television(= TV)three tell
through temperature throw ten Thursday tennis ticket tenth tidy term tie terrible tiger test time text tiny than tired thank *title that to the
today theatre(AmE theater)together their toilet them
tomato themselves tomorrow then ton there tonight these too they tool thick tooth(pl.teeth)thin toothache thing top think total third touch thirsty tour thirteen tourist thirty toward(s)this tower those town though toy thought
trade 36
traditional traffic train training translate travel treasure treat tree trip trouble trousers truck true trust truth try T-shirt Tuesday turn twelfth twelve twentieth twenty twice two
U
ugly UK umbrella uncle under underground *underlined understand unit university unless until(till)up upon us US use used useful usual usually V vacation valuable value vegetable very victory video village violin visit visitor voice volleyball volunteer W wait wake walk wall wallet want war warm warn wash waste watch water watermelon way we weak wealth wear weather website Wednesday week weekday weekend weigh weight welcome well west western wet what whatever wheel when whenever where
whether which while white who whole whom whose why wide wife wild will win wind window windy wine wing winner winter wise wish with without wolf woman(pl.women)wonder wonderful wood word work worker world 37
worry worse worst worth would wound write writer wrong
X
X-ray
Y
yard year yellow yes yesterday yet you young your yours yourself
(pl.yourselves)
Z
zebra zero zoo
第二篇:2018年安徽省初中学业考试水平考试历史试题
2018年安徽省各市采用统一试卷,以下是今年中考历史试卷及答案:
2018年安徽省初中学业考试水平考试历史试题
一、单项选择(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)
1、王国维说:“自周之衰,文王、周公势力之瓦解也,国民之智力成熟于内,政治之纷乱乘之于外,上无统一之制度,下迫于社会之要求,于是诸于九流各创其学说。”他意在说明 A.分封制的崩溃
B.商鞅变法的作用
C.兼并战争的后果
D.百家争鸣的原因
2、汉代陵阳县,故址在今安徽省石台县广阳镇,晋为避让皇后名讳改名广阳,后又避隋炀帝名讳改名南阳。这种地名的变化反映了
A.外戚干政
B.战乱额繁
C.皇权至高无上
D.地方权力削弱
3、贞观初,太宗曾对公卿说:“人欲自照,必须明镜;主欲知过,必借忠臣”为此,太宗 A.知人善任和虚心纳谏
B.奉行开明的民族政策 C.戒奢从简和轻徭薄赋
D.重视人民群众的作用 4、1902年英国《泰晤士报》记者说,多少年来我们在北京或在中国的地位从未象今天这样高,我们与清朝官员的联系从未象今天这样密切。他这么说是因为 A.甲午战争中国战败
B.清政府已成“洋人的朝廷” C.山东主权转交日本
D.义和团沉重打击八国联军
5、图1是1912年1月1日出版的《申报》,其表明《申报》
A.创办于辛亥革命期间
B.专门报道政治新闻 C.宣传了民主革命思想
D.是革命派的宣传报
6、有学者指出,在中西文化经历了70多年的撞击和交汇之后,出现于20世纪第二个十年里的这一阵波潮,其潮头已经越出了启蒙的本义。“这一阵波潮”是指 A.袁世凯独裁
B.北伐战争爆发 C.新文化运动
D.黄埔军校创立
7、新中国外交呈现明显的阶段性特征,图2中建交增长最快阶段出现的原因不包括
A.中日两国建交
B.中国恢复在联合国合法席位 C中美关系改善
D.中国正式加入亚太经合组织
8、“我以我的信义宣誓,从现在起,我将像一个封臣对待封君那样真诚无欺地效忠于伯爵,”伯爵手持权杖,向所有向他宣誓效忠和致敬的人授予封地,然后众人一起宣誓。这一仪式应出现于
A.古代印度河流域
B.中世纪的欧洲 C.封建社会的日本
D.古代两河流域
9、历史学家帕尔默说,在18世纪后期的40年中,整个大西洋文明受到了具有相同目标的一场革命运动的涤荡。“相同目标”是
A.建立资产阶级统治
B实现民族独立 C.确立君主立宪制度
D.废除君主专制 10、1930年间美国进口商品的税率平均提高了40%,许多国家采取报复措施,把进口税率提高60%到100%,法、德、英还采取了一些特殊措施抑制进口,这些措施 A.促进了贸易的发展
B.加剧了经济危机 C.打击了法西斯势力
D.改善了国际关系
二、组合列举(本大题共3小题,每空1分,共10分)
11、我国历史悠久,传统文化辉煌灿烂。
(1)北朝农学家贾思勰在总结前人经验的基础上撰写的《_____》,强调农业生产必须遵循自然规律。(2)“若止印三二本,未为简易;若印数十百千本,则极为神速”是对毕昇发明的_____的称赞。
(3)明朝卓越的医药学家李时珍写成药物学巨著《________》,对医药学发展作出了杰出贡献。
12、改革往往是时代的诉求,历史的选择。
(1)北魏孝文帝为学习汉族先进文化,将都城从平城迁到_________。
(2)康有为等人发起的“公车上书”轰动全国,揭开了________运动的序幕。(3)1952年底土地改革的完成消灭了_______阶级,农民成为土地的主人。
13、科学技术是第一生产力
(1)科学家_______概括了物体机械运动的基本规律,建立了完整的力学理论体系。(2)《________》的出版,打破了千百年来的神创论,是生物科学的一次伟大革命。(3)以_______为发动机的汽车、轮船、飞机等出现,为人们的生产和生活带来了便利。(4)我国著名化学家_______不畏艰难、勇于创新,制出纯碱,打破欧美对碱业的垄断。
三、辨析改错(8分)
14、民主与法治是人类社会进步的重要表现。辨别下列史实的正误,在“答题卷”该题前的括号内正确的打“√”;错误的打“×”,并加以改正。
(1)古代希腊城邦雅典在屋大维主政时期,奴隶主民主政治发展到高峰。
(2)法国大革命的纲领《权利法案》宣称了自由平等、私有财产神圣不可侵犯。(3)启蒙思想家但丁猛烈抨击天主教会,把教皇比作“两足禽兽”。
(4)第一届全国人民代表大会制定的《中华人民共和国宪法》规定我国坚持人民民主专政。
材料一 《乾隆御制诗》中有“间年外城有人来,宁可求全关不开”。英国使臣马戛尔尼说:“彼等以为苟不如此,则恐外人之交际频繁,又碍于安谧,而各界人等之服从上命,以维持皇戚于不坠,乃中国政府唯一不易之格言。”
—— 据陈旭麓《近代中国社会的新陈代谢》(1)根据材料一,指出乾隆时期的对外政策,并概括其原因。(4分)
材料二(19 世纪60年代初)恭帝王和文祥首先认识到中西方接触是不可避免的,并且可以通过谨慎的外交得到很大的好处。他们强烈地感到,西方列强通常能够信守条约。
—— 费正清《剑桥中国晚清史》(上卷)(2)材料二反映的清朝统治者对外态度是什么?他们在实践中是如何体现的?(4分)(3)根据上述材料,结合所学知识分析清朝对外政策变化的原因。(2分)
16、阅读材料,完成下列要求。
材料一
这本书是国际共产主义运动的第一个纲领性文件。列宁在1895年指出:“这本书篇幅不多,价值却相当于多部巨著;它的精神至今还鼓舞着、推动着文明世界全体有组织的正在进行斗争的无产阶级。”
—— 据吴于廑 齐世荣《世界史·近代史编》(下卷)(1)“这本书”是指什么?它鼓舞、推动俄国无产阶级革命的重大事件是什么?(2分)材料二
苏联模式在经济方面表现为以行政手段管理经济,实行高度集中的部门管理,排斥市场调节。计划完全是指令性的,各级领导机关必须执行,企业没有主动性。在政治方面,苏联模式表现为权力高度集中,忽视民主法制建设。各级领导实际上由上级指派,基本不受群众监督。
——据周尚文 王斯德《苏联兴亡史》等
(2)根据材料二概括苏联模式的主要特征,结合所学知识分析其对苏联产生的负面影响。(4分)
材料三 没有抽象的马克思主义,只有具体的马克思主义。所谓具体的马克思主义,就是通过民族形式的马克思主义,就是把马克思主义运用到中国具体环境的具体斗争中去,而不是抽象的应用它。
一毛泽东《论新阶段》(3)以中国革命和建设为例,阐释材料三的观点。(4分)
五、活动与探究(12分)
17、读图3,完成下列探究活动。
(1)图3中A、B两处发生的事件分别是_______和_______,其对第二次世界大战的形势分别产生了什么影响?(4分)
(2)根据图3并结合所学知识,分析亚洲战场反法西斯战争胜利的原因。(4分)(3)指出二战后初期至50年代图中所示地区政治局势发生的变化,并分析其影响。(答出2点即可,4分)参考答案 参考答案
1-10.DCABCCDBAB 11.(1)齐民要术(2)活字印刷术(3)本草纲目 12.(1)洛阳(2)维新变法(3)地主 13.(1)牛顿(2)进化论(3)内燃机(4)侯德榜
14.(1)x,屋大维改为伯利克里(2)x,权利法案改为人权宣言(3)x,将但丁改为伏尔泰(4)√
15.(1)政策:闭关锁国
原因:①清朝统治者的短见和无知②小农经济自给自足 ③封建的自给自足的自然经济较稳定,对外具有抵制作用
(2)对外态度:进行谨慎外交接触 体现:洋务运动
(3)原因:①自然经济的崩溃和解体②鸦片战争清王朝被迫打开国门③清朝统治者意识到与西方的巨大差距,欲师夷长技以自强 16.(1)《共产党宣言》 十月革命
(2)特征:高度集中的计划经济体制,高度集权的政治体制
负面影响:①民主法制建设受到破坏②忽视经济发展的客观规律,一味追求重工业的发展,重工业轻工业发展不协调③个人崇拜现象盛行(3)革命:走农村包围城市的线路 建设:走中国特色社会主义制度 17.(1)九一八事变 珍珠港事件
揭开了第二次世界大战东方战场的序幕。使美国参战,标志着太平洋战争拉开序幕
(2)原因:①中国统一民族战线的建立②同盟国的军事援助和经济援助 ③反法西斯战争是正义的战争,正义必定战胜邪恶
(3)中国共产党建立新中国。越南,老挝,柬埔寨脱离法国实现独立。朝鲜半岛分裂。
第三篇:2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试思想品德试题
2018年安徽省初中学业水平考试
思想品德试题(开卷)
注意事项:
1.思想品德试题满分80分,思想品德与历史考试时间共120分钟。
2.本试卷包括“试题卷”和“答题卷”两部分。“试题卷”共4页,“答题卷”共4页。请务必在“答题卷”上答题,在“试题卷”上答题无效。
3.考生答题时可参考思想品德教科书及其他资料。请独立思考,诚信答题。4.考试结束后,请将“试题卷”和“答题卷”一并交回。
一、选择题(共24分,12小题,每小题2分。下列各题4个备选答案中,只有一个是最符合题意的。)
1.清代诗人袁枚“苔花如米小,也学牡丹开”的诗句,赞颂了生长于阴暗之处的苔花虽如米粒般细小,但她从不小看自己,依然像牡丹花一样绽放。这启示我们在生活中要做到 A.自立 B.白傲 C自信
D.自负
2.欣欣明天要代表学校参加演讲比賽,她在家紧张得站也不是,坐也不是,看完一段戏剧小品后,她渐渐平静下来了。欣欣这种调节情绪的方法是 A.合理宜泄 B.自我宽慰 C.改变环境 D.转移注意力
3.借助手机里美颜相机美图秀秀等自拍软件的神效,生活中的一些人常沉迷于把自己的照片修饰得光艳完美,但照片中的美图现实中的真相总是有着一定的差臣,这启发我们正确认识自我应做到 A.只看优点 B.忽略缺点 C悦纳自己 D.全面客观
4.马克思为革命颠沛流离40年,先后四次遭到驱逐,他在最困难的时候普因外衣进了当铺而 不能出门。但即使道路如此饮坷,他仍然在为崇高的目标而不懈奋斗,并在思格斯的帮助下 完成了《资本论》的创作。马克思的人生之路启迪我们面对困难应 ①坚定正确的人生目标 ②保持顽强的毅力和斗志 ③直面挫折,白强不息 ④主要依靠朋友的帮助 A①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
5.右边漫画启示我们,对待网络投票要
①积极参与赚取实惠 ②拒绝一切网络投票 ③理性对待慎重选择 ④明辨是非坚持原则 A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
6.现代社会,竞争与合作无处不在。关于竞争与合作下面说法正确的是 ①竞争与合作相互依存 ②相互竞争要排斥合作
③既勇于竞争,又善于合作 ④在合作中竞争,在竞争中合作 A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
7.2017年全国道德模范黄旭华被称为“中国潜艇之父”,他敢做惊天动地事,甘做默默无闻 人;他离家正壮年,归来已经花甲。应学习他 ①热爱祖国,立志报国
②默默奉献,实现人生价值 ③立足科研。获取荣警
④锐意进取,勇于开拓创新 A①②③ B①②④
C①③④ D②③④
8.校园拒绝欺凌,和谐需要守护。为有效预防中小学生欺凌行为发生,2017年底及教育部等十一部门引发了《加强中小学生欺凌综合治理方案》。此举主要体现了对中小学生的 A家庭保护 B 社会保护 C 司法保护 D 学校保护
9.2017年8月开始的“剑网2017”专项行动通过加大网络版权执法力度,打击网络侵权盗版行为。此举有助于保护公民的 A荣誉权 B名誉权 C财产使用权
D智力成果权
10.国学进校园,戏曲进校园。近年来传统文化进校园的氛围日渐浓厚。传统文化进校园 ①能丰富校园文化生活内容
②有利于提高学生的文化认同感 ③会分散学生精力影响成绩 ④有利于弘扬中华优秀传统文化 A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④ 11.我们要像爱护眼睛样爱护民族团结,像珍视自己的生命一样珍视民族团结。之所以要重 视民族团结,是因为
①做好民族团结工作是一切工作的中心 ②民族团结有助于国家稳定和社会发展 ③维护民族团结就能实现民族共同繁柴
④维护民族团结是公民的神圣职责和光荣义务 A①② B①③ C②④ D③④
12.党的十九大提出,确保到二〇二〇年我国现行标准下农村贫图人口实现脱贫,贫困县全部 摘帽,解决区域性整体贫困,做到脱真贫,真脱贫。让贫困人口和贫园地区同全国一道进人 全面小康社会是我们党的庄严承诺。材料体现了 ①中国共产党致力促进社会公平正义 ②中国共产党全心全意为人民服务
③共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的根本原则 ④二〇二〇年将建成社会主义现代化强国 A.①②③ B.①②④ C.②③④.D.①③④
二、非选择题(共56分,5小题)
【弘扬美德 提升素养】
13.(8分)请观察右边漫画并回答问题。(图片中的字:楼下老人血压太高,调低点。楼上用水水压太低,拧紧点)
(1)漫画中人物的行为体现了社会主义核心价值观的什么内容?(2分)
(2)俗话说“远亲不如近邻”,个人行为是否文明,会影响周围其他人的日常生话。说一说我们该怎样做个“中国好邻居”。(6分)
【学法守法 致敬英雄】
14.(8分)材料一2018年4月27日,第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二次会议通过《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》。
材料二《中华人民共和国英雄烈士保护法》第一条明确指出“根据宪法,制定本法”。(1)材料体现了法律的哪一特征?(2分)村料二表明了什么?(2分)(2)谈谈国家制定这部法律的意义。(4分)【情境探究 明理践行】
15.(12分)下面是八年级学生华华的三个生活场景,请你运用所学知识对其进行探究。
情境一:近来华牛华华顶撞父母。吃饭时,妈妈说天气热了,让他把头发剪短些。华华脱口 而出:“烦死了,我偏不!”。
(1)华华这是__________心理的表现。(2分)(2)华华对待父母应该__________(2分)情境二:华华班级篮球队要打友谊赛,班级其他同学都踊跃报名参加啦啦队或服务小组。(1)华华应该__________(2分)(2)理由是__________(2分)情境三:下午一到学校,芳芳神秘分兮地递给华华一本检到的同学日记....(1)华华应该__________(2分)(2)理由是__________(2分)【家乡发展我关注】
16.(14分)学校开展“微风皖韵赞家乡”活动,成成查阅到了几则美好安徽建设材料,让我们一起分享,共同感受家乡发展新风貌。
诚信树品牌 2017年11月13日,安徽“旅游诚信品质榜”发布活动在合肥举行,来自全省 的80位上榜企业和个人的代表现场接受领奖,成为美好安徽的代言人。(1)结合材料,谈谈开展这一活动的积极影响。(4分)
绿色增幸福 安徽省2018年《政府工作报告》提出:“构建政府为主导、企业为主体、社会组织和公众共同参与的环境治理体系,坚决打好污染防治攻坚战,保卫蓝天、保卫碧水、保卫净土,不断增进全省人民绿色幸福感。”
(2)请就加强污染防治,提升家乡人民的绿色幸福感,向当地政府企业分别提出建议。(4分)创新添动力 2018世界制造业大会是经党中央批准、由安徽承办的重要国际展会,此次大会与中国国际徽商大会同时举办。会议期间,一大批国际国内制造业巨头齐聚安徽,展示国内外制造业最新成果。此次盛会意义之大,现格之高,规模之大,都是我省前所未有的。(3)承办世界制造业大会,说明我省在积极贯彻__________战略。(2分)大会国际接待组拟招募国际接待志愿者,担负为外国来宾接待接送站、大会行程引子和翻译的工作。
(4)说说要成为本次大会的志愿者应具备哪些基本条件。(4分)
【祖国强盛我自豪】
17.(14分)2018年是中国改革开放40周年。40年砥砺奋进,40年春风化雨。为了让同学们了解改革开放带来的历史性巨变,坚定实现中国梦的信念,九年级(4)班召开主题班会,请你参与并完成下列任务。
同学们分经济、科技、教育三组,搜集改革开放40年来的辉煌成就。(1)请你参加其中一个小组并列出搜集到的成就。(不少于两例,2分)观看了三个小组展示的成就,同学们在惊叹自豪之余,围绕“40年辉煌成果取得的原因”进行讨论。
(2)请你参与讨论并谈谈你的看法。(4分)深化改革、扩大开放顺应了当今世界和平与发展的潮流。主持人发放了反映时代主题的资料卡片,供同学们学习探究。
卡片一 共建“一带一路”贡献中国智慧、C20杭州峰会提出中国方案、达沃斯论坛发出“构建世界命运共同体”的中国倡议...世界舞台处处留下了厚重的中国声音。
观点;卡片二 过去教十年间,世界贸易总额、各国间对外投资、跨国公同的数量都迅速增长,并放融通的潮流滚滚向前。观点:(3)请你结合卡片内容,分别填出其对应的所学观点。(4分)在改革开放的新征程上,只有奋斗才能书写改革开技新篇章。班会课最后,同学们国绕“从我做起,做新时代奋斗者”的话题,纷纷畅谈自己的打算。(4)请围绕该话题,说说你该怎样做?(4分)
2018年安徽省中考思想品德参考答案
一、选择题 CDDACDBBDBCA
二、非选择题
13.(8分)(1)友善。(2分)(2)尊重他人;乐于助人;换位思考;待人宽容。(6分,符合题意三点即可)14.(8分)(1)法律是由国家制定或认可的。(2分)宪法是普通法律的立法基础和立法依据(或宪法具有最高的法律地位)。(2分)(2)有利于保护英烈的合法权益:有利于维护社会公共利益;有利于弘扬爱国主义精神;有利于全面落实依法治国等。(4分,答出两点即可)
15.(12分)
情境一:(1)逆反。(2分)(2)理解、尊重父母;主动与父母沟通等。(2分)情境二:(1)积极报名。(2分)(2)要有团队意识或集体荣誉感等。(2分)
情境三:(1)不看日记,并劝芳芳还给同学或交给老师。(2分)(2)尊重他人隐私和隐私权,既是道德要求又是法律规定。(2分)16.(14分)
(1)有利于我省旅游经济的发展;有利于我省精神文明建设;有利于打造诚信安徽;有利于提升我省的良好形象等。(4分,答出两点即可)(2)政府:落实可持续发展战略;依法加强对企业的管理、监督等。(2分)企业:遵守相关法律法规;增强企业社会责任感;科技创新,节能减排等。(2分)(3)科教兴国。(2分)(4)有奉献意识,有责任心,懂礼仪;身体健康;能熟练使用一门外语等。(4分,答出两点即可)17.(14分)(1)符合题目要求即可。(2分)(2)中国共产党的正确领导;中国特色社会主义道路;改革开放是强国之路;伟大的中华民族精神等。(4分,答出两点即可)(3)卡片一:中国是和平合作负责任的国家;中国在国际社会中发挥着重要的积极作用等。(2分)卡片二;经济全球化是当今世界发展的趋势。(2分)(4)树立远大理想,发扬艰苦奋斗的精神;树立全球观念,培养开放胸怀;努力学习,脚路实地;开拓创新等。(4分,答出两点即可)
第四篇:济南2014年初中学业水平考试纲要
济南市 2014 年初中学业水平考试纲要
化 学
Ⅰ.命题指导思想
一、命题依据中华人民共和国教育部颁布的《义务教育化学课程标准(2011 年版)》和《济南市 2014
年中小学招生工作意见》。
二、命题以能力测试为主导,着重测试考生对初中化学基础知识、基本技能和基本方法的掌握情况和
综合运用所学知识分析、解决问题的能力;重视理论联系实际,注重考查考生的基本科学素养。
三、命题突出体现新课程理念,立足三维目标的考查,从我市大部分学校化学教学实际出发,保持相
对的稳定性和连续性。
四、命题力求科学、准确、公平、规范,试卷应有较高的信度、效度和适当的难度。Ⅱ.考试内容及要求
一、能力要求
1.接收、收集、整合、迁移化学信息的能力
(1)对初中化学课程标准要求的重要基础知识能够正确复述、辨认,并能融会贯通。
(2)能够通过对实际事物、实际现象以及对自然界、社会、生产生活中的化学现象观察,获取有关
感性认识和印象,并进行吸收、初步加工、有序存储。
(3)能够从试题提供的新信息中,准确地提取实质性内容,并与已有知识整合,重组为新的知识网。
2.分析化学问题和解决(解答)化学问题的能力
(1)将实际问题分解,通过运用相关知识,能用变化与联系的观点分析化学现象,采用分析、综合的方法解决一些简单的化学问题。
(2)能将分析解决问题的过程和方法,用正确的化学用语、化学术语、化学语言表达出来,并能对
分析、解决问题过程的某些事项细节做出合理的解释。
3.化学实验与探究的能力
(1)了解并初步实践化学实验研究的一般过程,掌握化学实验的基本方法和基本技能。
(2)在解决简单化学问题的过程中,运用科学的方法,初步了解化学变化的规律,并对化学现象和
化学原理做出科学、合理的解释。
二、考试内容
考试涉及到的知识与技能为《全日制义务教育化学课程标准》(2011 年版)规定的主要内容,并结合学
生学习实际情况,适当联系科学技术的发展实际和现实社会中生产、生活的相关内容。能力测试不是基础
第五篇:2012年初中学业水平考试英语作文
2012年中考英语作文范例
How can we save the water(我们怎样节约用水)
Water is like our eyes in our life.As we short of water now , saving water is our duty , but how can we save water in our daily life ?
In my opinion we should do as follows :
We should treasure water , stop wasting water, control properly and reduce our everyday use of water consciously.Turn off the water as soon as we finish using it.It is our duty to protect all our water resources from any pollution ,too.At the same time ,we shouldn’t pour waster water or throw litter into the river or lake.I think saving water is not only good for ourselves but for society and at last for our sons , daughters , grandsons and granddaughters and so on.If everyone does his best to save water , the world will be more and more beautiful.How to protect ourselves in danger(怎样在危险中保护自己)
Now , the social situation is very completed for students.many children are killed by some dangerous persons.We must learn how to protect ourselves in danger.First , we can’t make friends with the dangerous people , because they are very lazy.second , we mustn’t hang out alone in the evening , because the evening is dark and dangerous , many people lost their lives in the evening.And we must go home with some classmates together on time , but when we meet danger , we must call the police for help , the police will us to beat away the man who is going to disturb(打扰)us.third , we can’t go to net bar , too , because there are some dangerous persons in it , and the net bar is bad for our study.All in all , danger is in everywhere we should take care of ourselves , if we keep an eye on our around ,we will be in safe.If we give love to others(如果我们把爱给了别人)
There are many people need love in the world , they also need our help.If we give love to them , the whole world will be much better.Nowadays , some people who live on the earth are very poor.They don’t have enough food to eat , some of them have died because of the hunger , and some people in the world are disabled people , they can’t live as a normal person , some of them can’t speak , write , listen , walk or see , all of them need our love and help.If we give love to them ,they will live better.What can we do for them ? First , we can give our pocket money to charity , then charity will help them with our money.Second , we can be a volunteer to help them and so on.In a word , if we try our best to help others , we will be happy.If we give love to others , our life will be full of happiness.Nature and Human-beings(人和自然)
Now nowadays , there are more and more pollution on the earth.It’s very important for us to get on well with the nature.We should protect her carefully.Nature is like our mother ,she is so kind , she always gives us a lot of things that we need , she asks us for nothing , but she is ill now , all of us should take good care of her.What should we do ? First , we shouldn’t waste water and paper.Second , we should plant more trees and flowers.Third , we shouldn’t throw litters everywhere , if everyone can do so , the nature will be healthy again.Protecting the nature is our duty , if we try our best to protect the nature carefully , we will live much better.Save the earth(保护地球)
The earth is our homeland , we can’t live without the earth , we should save the earth.Now , our earth is ill.she is getting weaker and weaker , the trees on the earth are being cut down by many people , water is dirtier and dirtier now and the air around the earth is polluted , the animals are endangered ,something must be done to improve our homeland.We should save the water and plant many trees , we should go to work or school on foot instead of cars buses.If we don’t notice our action , we will become homeless persons in the future , or the last drops of water will be our tears.In fact , saving our earth is saving our homeland.Sharing happiness(分享快乐)
We have a lot of happy things in our life , I often share them with my friends.Last Sunday , we won the basketball , we beat class 16 , though we are weak , we are pleased , we are proud of our team , because , our class didn’t win them before.In the evening , we had a party in my family with some of my classmates , we sang and danced all the evening.we were all pleased.We all know the happiness is very important , but how to share it with friends is more important.Do you agree with me ?
Sunshine in my life(我生活中的阳光)
In my own life , sunshine is everywhere , it makes me feel warm all the time.Last year , our school held a Chinese speech contest , my spoken Chinese is very well , and all my classmates wished me to take part in it , they all believed I would win , I didn’t want to let them down , so I joined it , but in fact , I was very shy , I always got red face when I spoke in front of people.I told this to my best friend Lily.she said to me with a warm smile “Don’t worry , I believe you can win , whatever you do , I’ll behind you all the time.” After that , I became confident.And at last , I won the first prize in the contest.Sometimes , a warm word can make people feel warm , it is just like sunshine in my life.We should do something to beat the drought(我们应该做点事来抗击干旱)
Yunnan was a beautiful place , she was like spring all year round , but now ,she has been changed since last September ,2009.She is dry.As we live on the earth , we can’t live without water.Now , our hometown gets drier and drier , the rivers and lakes are dry.The fishes live in them have been dead and the plants died , too.Farmers get nothing in the fields , the drought is testing us.We should do something to protect our environment.we should save the water and recycle it.If we don’t save the water , the last drops of water will become our tears.We should take an action to save our earth , in fact , to save our earth is to save ourselves.We believe we will be better tomorrow if we try our best to beat the drought.Welcome to 2010 Shanghai Expo(欢迎到上海世博会来)
Shanghai is a very beautiful city in China , but do you know the Expo in Shanghai ? It is very great for every Chinese people.In Shanghai we can see many foreigners , many people volunteer to help them , Expo became the most important things in China , we will try our best to welcome the foreigners and help them.As a middle school student , we can’t become a volunteer in Shanghai , but we will always care about the news about Shanghai Expo.If I were a volunteer , I would try my best to make contribution for Shanghai Expo , the Shanghai Expo let us know our country are becoming stronger and stronger.Now , we will study better day by day to make contribution for China , if our dreams come true ,we think we can let China more and more beautiful in the future.