2017年职称英语(卫生类)考试之阅读理解每日一练(12月15日)

第一篇：2017年职称英语(卫生类)考试之阅读理解每日一练(12月15日)

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2017年职称英语(卫生类)考试之阅读理解每日一练（12月13日）

阅读理解第一题：

I was searching for just the right word to describe this book； a word that describes something that is perhaps somewhat sad，but in a good way.I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling.This book does make me feel a bit sad.Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly，sad for days that go by，faster than we‘d like them to.But it also makes me feel the sweetness of these things and helps me remember that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that we can carry with us still，long after our days as children have passed.Which of the following is true about the author‘s feeling of the book？ A.It makes him feel sad for his childhood is sad.B.It makes him feel sad because he didn‘t remember his happy childhood.C.He couldn‘t describe the book，for he doesn’t know the feeling.D.He realizes that childhood imagination，freedom and joy are things that he can carry even when he is an adult.【正确答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案选D.细节理解题。通过本段第二句I couldn‘t find quite the right word，but I do know the feeling„„可排除C.通过第四句Sad for the way that childhood passes so quickly可以知道他感觉悲伤是因为童年时光匆匆而过，而不是因为他的童年是悲伤的，文中并未提及。所以A不对。同理文中也并未提及他感到悲伤是以为他没有了童年的回忆，故B也不对。而可以通过最后一句话得出D是对的。

阅读理解第二题：

It had been boring hanging about the hotel all afternoon.The road crew were playing a game with dollar notes.Folding them into small planes to see whose would fly the furthest.Having nothing better to do，I joined in and won five，and then took the opportunity to escape with my profit.Despite the evil-looking clouds，I had to get out for a while.Why did the writer want to leave the hotel A.To enjoy the good weather.B.To have a change of scene.C.To spend all his winnings.D.To get away from the crew.【正确答案】B 【答案解析】 答案选B.本题的问题是：为什么作者想要离开宾馆？由本段第一句可以得出答案。在宾馆是十分无聊的，最后一句也写出作者不顾天气不好而想要出去走走，AC选项错误，D选项未提及。

阅读理解第三题： Most of us walk and carry items in our hands every day.These are seemingly simple www.xiexiebang.com

activities that the majority of us don‘t question.But an international team of researchers，including Dr.Richmond from GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences，have discovered that human walking upright may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce，high-quality resources.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs A.Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.B.Chimpanzee‘s behaviors may suggest why humans walk on two legs.C.Human walking upright is viewed as an adaptation to carrying precious resources.D.Our ancestors‘ecological conditions resembled those of modern-day chimpanzees’。

【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案选A.本段第一句和第二句说明，大多数人对人类直立行走习以为常，并不质疑这种习惯。而A的内容正好与此相反，所以是答案。

阅读理解第四题：

Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy of slavery in her book Beloved.The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories.Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had lived on； the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape； and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved.Morrison's scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.Beloved is set__________.A.on a slave ship B.on a plantation before the Civil War C.in Ohio after the Civil War D.in an African town 【正确答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案选C.本题问的是：“宠儿”的设置背景是什么？根据本段的第二句话：a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War.可知其背景是在内战之后的俄亥俄州。因此C是正确的答案。

阅读理解第五题：

Tom，a near-sighted young man，went on a blind date with a girl.The two were satisfied with each other.And they exchanged their telephone numbers.What can we learn about Tom？

A.Tom made a good impression on the girl at first.B.It was the first time that Tom had dated a girl.C.Tom was blind.www.xiexiebang.com

D.Tom was handsome and popular with the girls.【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案选A.细节判断题。从The two were satisfied with each other可知，相亲过后，两人对对方都很满意，所以A选项正确，汤姆第一次见对方就留下了很好的印象。B项所表述内容在文中找不到根据，不能判断这是汤姆第几次约会。根据文章描述，汤姆只是near-sighted，远不到盲了的地步。文章仅讲述了汤姆和某一个女孩相亲的精力，对他的个人魅力以及是否受女孩欢迎并未提及。

阅读理解第六题：

Marian，the girl who wrote the original story about Roxaboxen that the children‘s book is based on，was mayor.Other kids ran the stores which sold imaginary ice cream and baked goods.Kids drove imaginary cars outside of town，and the speeders went to jail，which was guarded by the sheriff，another kid.Elsewhere，boys and girls had battles，charging each other’s bases using spears made with ocotillo，a desert plant.Who is Marian？

A.She is the author.B.She sold ice cream in Roxaboxen.C.She is the mayor of Roxaboxen in the book.D.She guards the jail in the book.【正确答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案选C.事实细节题。根据关键词锁定短文本段。本段第一句话给出了正确答案，Marian是最先写这个故事的人，但是并不是这本书的作者。而且是这本书中那个小镇的镇长。

阅读理解第七题：

During these past few years I used Associated Content to try writing.I found writing for that site was not my cup of tea.However，my experience there was positive as I was rewarded with even more learning opportunities just by dipping my toes into the water.Through Associated Content I was introduced to the world of blogging.I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer.What is the author‘s purpose of using the site Associated Content？ A.To write for the site Yahoo！Contributor Network.B.To know more about other writers.C.To have one of his articles published.D.To become a network writer.【正确答案】 D 【答案解析】 答案选D.根据本段的I decided to learn how to set up a blog myself.Now I‘m interested in blogging and continue to work as a writer确定D答案。A选项是作者偶然获得的结果，并非刚开始写作时的目的，可排除；B选项不是作者的目的；C选项是作者两年前已经取得的成果，无需再定为自己目标。

阅读理解第八题： www.xiexiebang.com

Parents often decide on the basis of what their children want.Cathy，a mother told us，“My children have packed lunches，because they say they hate school dinners.I make 3 packed lunches every morning，so our kitchen is like a sandwich bar in the morning.” However，another mother，Susan made her choice based on the nutritious value of the food.She said，“My daughter always has school dinners.I think she probably gets healthier food by having a cooked lunch at school than she would if I made a few sandwiches.”

Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage？ A.Katz thinks chips are good for his kids.B.Susan‘s daughter likes eating sandwiches.C.Cathy may have at least three children.D.Jamie likes burgers and pizzas.【正确答案】 C 【答案解析】 答案选C.细节查找并简单推断题。从本段，特别是I make 3 packed lunches every morning…可知Cathy有三个孩子在上学，有没有不上学的孩子不得而知，故选项C为正确选项。其他三项均与原文意思不符。

第二篇：2017年职称英语(卫生类)考试之词汇选项每日一练(12月15日)

英腾教育考试宝典，让考试更简单！www.xiexiebang.com

2017年职称英语(卫生类)考试之词汇选项每日一练（12月15日）

词汇选项第一题：

I‘m not meddling“。Mary said mildly.” I’m just curious.“

A.gently

B.shyly

C.sweetly

D.weakly 【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 mildly：温和地、适度地；四个选项中A 温和地、有教养地，B 害羞地、胆怯地，C 舒适地、甜蜜地，D 虚弱地、微弱地。因此答案选择A.词汇选项第二题：

The President made a brief visit to Beijing.A.short

B.working

C.formal

D.secret 【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 答案选A.句子的意思为：总统短暂的访问了北京。short意思为：短的，短暂的。因此答案为A.词汇选项第三题：

Frommystandpoint，thisthingisjustridiculous.A.field

B.pointofview

C.knowledge

D.information 【正确答案】 B 【答案解析】答案选B.standpoint：观点，立场。pointofview：观点，见地。两者意思相近。field：领域。knowledge：知识。information：信息。

词汇选项第四题： There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a previous record of performance.A.matches

B.maintains

C.beats

D.announces 【正确答案】 C 【答案解析】 break 打破，break the record 表示“打破记录”，同时beat the record也可用来表示“打破记录”。

英腾教育考试宝典，让考试更简单！www.xiexiebang.com

词汇选项第五题：

People living north of the mountain heard a loud boom that shook their windows，and airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.Q： Pilots flying at the height of more than 2，100 meters saw a thick black column of ash and steam shooting up into the air from the crater.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正确答案】 B 【答案解析】 该题说的是：飞行员飞行的高度超过2100米时，看见一个黑色的火山灰和蒸汽从火山口急速上升到空气中。但是，文章中airline pilots flying near the volcano soon afterwards described a thick black column of ash and steam shooting more than 2，100 meters into the sky.说的是靠近火山的地方出现了一个黑色的火山灰和蒸汽上升到空气中，其高度超过2100米。因此该命题是错误的。

词汇选项第六题：

Despite the bad weather，troubled health service，traffic congestion（拥挤），gender inequality，and the high cost of living，Ireland scored an impressive 8.33 points out of 10.Q： Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.A.right

B.wrong

C.not mentioned 【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 问题句说“爱尔兰的生活费用高”。该段说“尽管气候恶劣，健康机构混乱，交通拥挤，性别歧视仍然存在，生活费用高，爱尔兰所获得的分数仍然给人留下了深刻的印象：满分为十分，爱尔兰获得了8.33分”。根据这个句子的内容可以知道“爱尔兰的生活费用高”，因此问题句的说法与原文的说法一致。

词汇选项第七题：

What about drinking alcohol to wet your throat？ I advice you not to touch alcohol before speaking.You will feel all-powerful and you will feel you can do everything，but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.Save the alcohol until after you finish speaking.Q： Due to the effect of alcohol，your thought and your mouth will not coordinate properly.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正确答案】 A 【答案解析】 本题的关键句为：but in fact your brain and your mouth do not work together properly.因此本题答案为A。

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词汇选项第八题： Whether you work at home，on the farm，at the office，at school，or on the road，it is not a good idea to skip（故意略去）breakfast.Q： It is okay to skip breakfast if you work at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正确答案】 B 【答案解析】 原句的意思是：无论一个人在哪干活，不吃早餐都不是个好主意。因此此命题是错误的。

词汇选项第九题：

You think that the biggest threat to your health when taking a shower comes from slipping on a bar of soap？ Well，guess again.Q： This paragraph is a question to which the author hopes to have a positive answer from the reader.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正确答案】 B 【答案解析】 这段话的意思是：你认为淋浴的时候对健康最大的威胁是踩在一块肥皂上而滑倒？好的，再猜一猜。这里的“再猜一猜”可以得知作者希望的不是一个positive answer，而是一个negative answer.词汇选项第十题：

Today，not too far off Nixon‘s deadline，America is looking at that possibility.Over the weekend，Hillary Rodham Clinton，wife of former president Bill Clinton，announced her run for 2008 presidency.Q： Bill Clinton will strongly support Hillary to run for the 2008 presidency.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 【正确答案】 C 【答案解析】 问题句说“Bill Clinton将强力支持Hillary参加2008年总统选举”。而本段只是提到Hillary是Bill Clinton的妻子，而其部分没有再提到Bill Clinton，由此判断问题句的信息在文章中没有被提到。

第三篇：2018贵州选调生考试每日一练(阅读理解)(12.11)

让0-99岁群体有更好的教育选择

2018贵州选调生考试每日一练(阅读理解)(12.11)【导语】贵州中公选调生考试网为大家提供了选调生试题，考生在复习备考期间需要多多的练习行测模拟题，熟悉选调生考试题型。

1.如果一直往上看的话，就会觉得一直在下面;如果一直向下看的话，就会觉得一直在上面;如果一直觉得在后面，肯定是一直在向前看。目光决定不了位置，但位置却永远因为目光而存在。关键是，即使我们处于一个确定的位置，目光却仍然可以投往任何一个方向。

符合这段文字的寓意的是()A.即便现在处于逆境，我们也应当积极面对未来 B.我们应当树立远大目标来鼓励自己并为之付出努力 C.我们应当切实地认识自己，不要为虚无的幻想所牵绊 D.不论是何时、何地、何种情况，我们都应当独立地进行思考

2.毋庸置疑，晚清以来中国遭逢千百年未遇之大变局，被强行纳入世界资本主义体系当中，从世界中心沦为所谓边缘的“远东”，在世界历史和文化上一再缺席，遭遇了深刻的文化身份危机，不断被误读、曲解和妖魔化。正是在这一历史语境中，发现东方与文化输出就显得越发重要和紧迫。

这段文字中的“历史语境”是指()。A.中国被西方列强边缘化 B.晚清中国所遭遇的历史大变局 C.中国融入资本主义体系的时机 D.对中国文化的误读、曲解和妖魔化

3.每个人的德性都与公共生活紧密相关。现代国家中的公民，是构成社会的基本分子，离不开公共生活。公共生活的重要部分之一，就是完全超越利己动机的公益慈善。事实上，追问人的本性，每个社会成员都有向善、为善的一面。与其说这是完成他的社会责任，不如说这会给他带来助人的喜悦和欢愉。这既是本性，也是权利。那种片面地将公益慈善视为社会精英特权或某些组织禁脔的思想，是无视人之本性的陋见，不利于公共伦理和公共道德的形成，是阻碍现代公民意识生成的绊脚石。

这段文字意在强调()。A.德性与公共生活紧密相关 B.行善给人带来喜悦和欢愉 C.做善事是社会成员的权利 D.不正确的慈善观危害甚大

4.很多孩子只能听赞美之词，听不得半点反对意见;有的孩子外表高傲，内心脆弱，敏感多疑。他们遇到一些不顺心的事情，就会有极端的举动，这就是所谓的“蛋壳心理”。过分骄纵、百般溺爱是导致这种心理的最直接原因。建议父母在孩子顺心的成长道路上制造一点

让0-99岁群体有更好的教育选择

挫折，让孩子会在逆境中保持自信，学会在挫折面前保持乐观，培养孩子的韧性和抗挫折能力。另外，父母要学会对孩子说“不”，要让孩子知道并不是所有的要求都能够得到满足，使他们学会接受拒绝。

最能概括这段文字的一项是()A.针对“蛋壳心理”，父母应采取恰当的教养方式 B.父母在赞美孩子的同时要让其学会接受拒绝 C.“蛋壳心理”直接反映了孩子的脆弱心理 D.孩子的脆弱心理大多源于父母的教养方式

5.理想是由真实的素材构成的。缺乏这种认识，人类就不能切合实际地运用它的理想能力。真正的友谊，这一美好的理想，会激励我们竞争;但认识到它只是一个理想。实际上常含有一点虚幻的成分，这种认识乃是一种不可忽视的对幻想的解毒剂。友谊是如此。一切真理也都如此。

根据文意，对划横线部分理解不准确的是()。A.友谊是由真实的素材构成的 B.友谊常含有虚幻的成分 C.友谊是幻想的解毒剂 D.友谊与真理都是某种理想 参考答案与解析

1.答案: C 解析:根据提问“寓意”一词和材料构成，此题是隐含主旨道理推断题。

材料为分总结构。题干的主要意思是，人的位置在确定的时候，目光依然可以在任何一个地方，当目光在不同的方向的时候，可能会影响对自我位置的不同的认识。所以告诉我们要切实地认识自己，不能被其他因素所影响，C选项与文意相符。>故正确答案为C。

>A、B、D选项与原文之意差距比较大，原文是想传达要学会认识自己而不被其他因素影响，这个因素包含很多种，逆境成长、树立远大目标及独立思考都太片面了。

2.答案: D 解析:由提问方式可知此题为词句理解题。

阅读文段由可知晚清中国文化不断被误读、曲解和妖魔化，紧接着在最后一句出现“历史语境”，根据就近原则以及文段含义，可知D选项符合题意。

A、B、C三项没有把握住文段的关键点，因此排除。故正确答案为D。3.答案: C 解析:据提问知此题为隐含主旨题。

文段出现了表示转折的关联词语“事实上”，该词后面将会出现重点内容。作者主要想表达“助人的喜悦和欢愉既是本性，也是权利”，不是仅仅为了”完成他的社会责任“。故

让0-99岁群体有更好的教育选择

C项最符合此意。A项与主旨无关，B项不够到位。文段并非强调不正确的慈善观的危害，故D不选。

故正确答案为C。4.答案: A 解析: 这是一道主旨概括题。本段的结构是提出问题，解决问题的分总结构，重点在解决问题上。首句阐述了“蛋壳心理”的概念。然后提出了产生这样的原因，最后一句提出了解决问题ide对策，即父母教育孩子面对挫折要乐观，同时还要敢于说不。故全面概括，即父母应采取恰当的教养方式。B项没有谈到赞美，故排除。C项是问题的阐释，不死解决。D项也是问题原因的阐述。故选A。

5.答案: C 解析:由提问方式可知本题为语句理解题。

C项错误。原文是说应该认识到友谊是一种理想，这种认识是幻想的解毒剂，而不是说友谊是幻想的解毒剂，C项偷换概念。

由文段中“真正的友谊，这一美好的理想„„”可知真正的友谊是一种理想，而“理想是由真实的素材构成的”，所以A选项“友谊是由真实的素材构成的”说法正确。由原文“但认识到它只是一个理想，实际上常含有一点虚幻的成分”可知B选项也正确。“友谊是如此，一切真理也都如此”表明友谊是一种理想，而真理也是一种理想，故D选项正确。

故正确答案为C。

第四篇：2014职称英语卫生类A级完形填空及译文

2014职称英语教材-卫生类A级5篇完形填空及参考译文（红色为书中选项答案）

+11Migrant Workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another.some newly independent countries have understandably restricted most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.This is particularly the case in the Middle East,1increased oil incomes have enabled many countries tooutsiders to improve local facilities.the Middle East has attracted oil-workers from the USA and Europe.It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries,South Korea and Japan.In view of the difficult living and working conditions in the Middle East, 2 it is notthat the pay is high to attract suitable workers.Many engineers and technicians can earn at leastmoney in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a major attraction.An allied benefit is the low taxation or complete lack of it.3 This increases the net amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating advantage., the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each othersafety and comfort., many migrant workers can save large sums of money partlythe lack of entertainment facilities.The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater challenge to engineers who prefer to find solutionsproblems rather than do routine work in their home country.One major problem whichmigrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are temporary ones.They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence.This is to be expected since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents., migrant workers accept this disadvantage, along with others, because of thefinancial benefits which they receive.+ 12Dreams

Everyone can dream．Indeed, everyone does dream．Those whothat they never dream at all actually dreamas frequently as the rest of us,they may not remember anything about it．Even those of us who are perfectlyof dreaming nightnight very seldom remember those dreams indetail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemingly unrelated impressions.Dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our, so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and taste．

One of the world's oldestwritten documents is the Egyptian Book of Dreams．This volume is about five thousand years old, so you canthat dreams were believed to have a

special significance even then．Many ancient civilizations believed that younever ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to returntime if the sleeper were suddenly.From ancient times to the present,people have beenattempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significance．There are many books available on the subject of dream interpretation．although unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dreamthere are books．

+13

Scientists Develop Ways of Detecting Heart Attack

German researchers havea new generation of defibrillators and early-warning software aimed at offering heart patients greater protectionsudden death from cardiac arrest.In Germany alone around 100,000 people die annually as a result of cardiac arrest and many of these casesby disruption to the heart’s rhythm.Those most at risk are patients who havesuffered a heart attack, and for years the use of defibrillators has proved useful in diagnosingdisruption to heart rnythms and correcting them automatically by intervening within seconds.These devicesa range of functions, such as that of pacemaker.Heart specialists at Freiburg’s University Clinic have now achieved a breakthrough with an implanted defibrillator of generating a six-channel electrocardiogram(ECG)within the body.This integrated system allows early diagnosis ofblood-flow problems and a pending heart attack.It will be implanted in patients for the first time this year.Meanwhile, researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Mathematics in Kaiserslautern have developed new computer software that renders of ECG data The overwhelmingof patients at risk will not have an implanted defibrillator and must for this reason undergo regular ECGs.“Many of the current programs onlyinto account a linear correlation of the data.We are, however, making usea non-linear process that reveals the chaotic patterns of heart beats as an open and complex system,” Hagen Knaf says, “changes in the heart beats over time can be monitored and individual variations in patients taken into account.” An old study of ECG data, based600 patients who had suffered a subsequent heart attack, enabled the researchers to compare risks and to showthe new software evaluates the data considerably better.+14YoungAdultsWho ExerciseGetHigherIQScores(新增)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ`and are moreto go on to university, reveals a major new study carried out at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hopital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were

born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analysed theof both physical and IQ tests the youngsters took right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear linkgood physical fitness and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for thinking and verbal comprehension,But it is only fitness that plays a in the results for the IQ test,and not strength,”Being fit means that you also have good heart and lungand that your brain gets plenty of ,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahogrenska University Hospital.”This may be one of the reasonswe can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analysing data for twins,the researchers have beento determine that it is primarily environmental facors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters whotheir physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,”says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.”This being the case, physicalis a subject that has an important place in schools,and is an absolute must if we want to do well in maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness testsnational service with the socio-economic status of the men latter in,Those who were fit at 18 were more likely to go into higher education,and many secured more qualified jobs.+15Life Expectancy in the Last Hundred Years

A hundred years ago，life expectancy in developed countries was about 47: in the early 21st century, men in the United States and the United Kingdom can expect to live to about 74.Women to about 80, and theseare rising all the time.What has broughtthese changes? When we look at the lifeof people l00 years ago, we need to look at the greatestof the time.In the early 20th century, these were the acute and ofteninfectious diseases such as smallpox.Many children died very young from these diseases and others, and the weak and elderly were always at risk.In theworld these diseases are fartoday,90 and in some cases have almost disappeared.A number ofshave led to this: improvements in sanitation and hygiene, the discovery and use of antibiotics, whichbacterial diseases much less dangerous, and vaccinationscommon diseases., people's generalhealth has improved with improvements in our general environment: cleaner air, better means of preserving food，better and warmer housing，and better understanding of nutrition.Genetically，we should all be able to live to about 85 butpeople do live longer today, there are still some big killers around that are preventing US from consistently reaching that age.The problems that affect people today are the more chronic illnesses, such as heart disease and strokes, and thoseby viruses, such as influenza and AIDS l.Of course, cancer is a huge

killer as well.In most cases these diseases affectpeople, but there are worrying trends in the developed world with problems such as obesitymore heart disease and illnesses such as diabetes at younger ages.The killers today can be classed as “lifestyle diseases”，which means that it may be possible to halt their progress.移民工人

在过去的20年，工人从一个国家到另一个国家的趋势越来越大。一些刚刚独立的国家把大部分工作留给当地人，这一点是可以理解的，而另一些却吸引和欢迎移民工人。中东地区的情况尤为如此。那里增加的石油收入使很多国家能够召集外面的人来改进本地设施。因此中东吸引了来自美国和欧洲的石油工人。它还从包括韩国和日本的许多国家引入了建筑工人和技师。

由于中东地区艰苦的生活和工作条件，吸引合适的工人的费用是很高的，这不足为奇。许多工程师和技师在中东至少可以挣到他们在自己国家两倍的收入，这是最大的吸引力。一个相关的好处是这里的税收低，或者根本就不收税。这增加了来访工人的净收入，而且很受他们欢迎。

有时一个劣势就有一个补偿的优势。例如，艰苦的生活条件常常导致更深的友谊，因为工人们为了安全和舒适必须互相依赖。同样，许多移民工人能够存很多钱，部分原因是因为那里缺少娱乐设施。工作通常是复杂的，而且充满问题，但是这会向那些更愿解决问题而不是在自己国家里做例行工作的工程师们提出更大的挑战。

影响中东的移民工人的一个主要问题是他们的工作是暂时性的。他们几乎都是合同工，所以要让他们很有信心地事前做出计划是很难的。人们希望这样，是因为没有一个国家欢迎大量的外国工人作为永久居民。无论如何，移民工人像接受其他不足一样接受这个不足，因为他们得到的是可观的经济利益。梦之闲话

人人都会做梦，也确实每个人睡觉都做梦。那些声称睡觉从来不做梦的人其实都有做梦，而且做梦的频次与其他人一样，只是他们从来记不住自己做的梦而已。即使是那些能清楚地意识到自己夜复一夜都在做梦的人也很少能够把那些细节都描述得淋漓尽致，能记住的也只是一些看起来毫无关联的印象与场景组成的一团混沌。梦境不仅仅是视觉的，我们做梦的时候会牵动我们的各种器官，所以我们在梦里似乎能够听到声音，能触摸到，还能嗅到气味，甚至尝到味道。

埃及的《梦幻书语》是目前世界上所发现的最早关于梦的文本记载。这本书大概5000年的历史，我们可以发现在那个年代，人们就已经相信梦特有的重要性。在很多古老的文明中，人们都坚信不能惊醒睡梦中的人，因为在睡梦中，人的灵魂都会离开身体，如果别惊醒，灵魂也许就不能及时回到身体里。

从古到今，人们就一直试图解析梦境以及其重要性。目前市面上就有很多关于解梦的书，遗憾的是，对于同一个梦，有多少本书就会有多少种解释。

13科学家探索发现心脏病的方法

德国研究者们发明了新一代的除颤器和旨在为心脏病人提供更多保护，使他们免遭心脏

停止导致的突然死亡的早期预报软件。

仅在德国每年就有10万人死于心脏停止。其中大部分是由于心律中断导致的。危险最大的是那些已经犯过一次心脏病的病人。几年来除颤器被证实在控测心律中止和在几秒中内实施自动干涉以调整心律的诊断中是有用的。这种方法起到了很多作用，例如起博器。

弗莱伯大学诊所的心脏病专家已经在内置除颤器方面取得了突破性成就。这种除颤器可以在体内产生六个频道的心电图。这个综合体系使血液流通总是和即将发生的心脏病可被早些诊断出来。今年它将第一次被植入病人体内。同时，凯瑟劳特的弗劳胡佛实用数学学院的研究者开发了一种新计算机软件。这种软件使心电图数据更加准确。

大部分有风险的患 者不能用内置除颤器，因此必须接受常规的心电图检查。“目前的许多计划只把数据的线形关系考虑在内。但是我们现在使用的是能够将心脏跳动的混乱模工作为一个直观而又复杂的系统提示出来的非线性处理方法”。海根·纳夫说，“这样心脏跳动频率的变化就会受到控制，而病人个人的特征也会得到考虑。”一个基于600位犯心脏病的患者的以前的心电图数据研究使科学家们能够比较两种风险，结果显示新软件明显能更好地处理心电图数据。

14运动的年轻人智商更高(新增)

瑞典哥德堡大学健康校医院的科学研究院和该校校医院的一项最新研究表明，身体健康的年轻人智商更高，进入大学学习的可能性也更高。

研究结果发表在美国国家科学院学报上。这项研究的取样样本是1950-1976年入伍的120万瑞典新兵。这些新兵们报到时接受了体能测试和智能测试，研究员对这两类测试数据进行了分析。

研究表明，健康的体能和优秀的智能测试结果之间的联系和明显的。最突出的就是科学思维和语言理解能力与身体健康有关。但是智商测试结果中只是健康在起作用，而与力量无关。“身体健康是指，一个人心肺功能好，能将充足的氧气源源不断地输入给大脑，”瑞典哥德堡大学健康科学研究院教授和哥德堡大学健康科学研究院校医院首席内科医师迈克尔·尼尔森如说，“也许这就是为什么智商测试结果与健康之间存在明显联系，而与肌肉力量无关的原因之一。我们还发现生长因子也很重要。”

通过研究双胞胎的数据，研究人员可以得出结论，智商差异来自后天的环境因素而不是先天的基因，身体越健康，智商越高。

“我们还发现，在15-18岁之间加强身体锻炼的青少年往往认知能力也较强，”哥德堡大学健康学研究院研究员，ABY健康中心医师玛利亚·啊伯格说，“倘若情况果然如此，那么体院应成为学校中一门重要的学科，而且如果我们想要学好数学和其他理论科学，体育课是非常有必要的。”

研究人员还将新兵服役入伍报到时的体格检查和智商测试的结果与后来他们来生活中的社会经济地位进行了比较。那些18岁是身体健康的人学历更高，很多都能胜任高要求的工作。

15上世界人类平均寿命的变化

一百年前，发达国家的人口平均寿命约为47岁，到21世纪初，美英两国男性平均寿命为74岁，女性约为80岁，人们的平均寿命一直在延长。是什么造成这样的变化呢？在研究100年前人类的寿命时，我们需要注意当时的一些不治之症。早在20世界初期，这些不治

之症经常是像天花之类的急性的高传染病。许多儿童因此夭折（也有其他原因），年迈体弱的人也总面临着他们的威胁。

如今，这些疾病在发达国家已经远不能致命。这一变化归于许多因素，比如：环境及个人卫生的改善、抗生素的发现及使用（抗生素大大降低了细菌病的危险）以及常见疾病预防疫苗的接种。除此之外，更洁净的空气、更好的食物保鲜方法、更舒适温暖的屋子还有对营养的进一步认识，这些总的环境的改善也促进了人们的整体健康。

从基因角度看，人都能活到85岁。但尽管现在人们寿命确实比以前长了，仍然有一些疾病使得我们不能都活到那个岁数。现在困扰人们的是像心脏病、中风那些更为慢性的疾病，还有像流行性感冒和艾滋病那些通过病毒传染的疾病。当然，癌症也是一大杀手。上述疾病大多影响着老年人，但令人担忧的问题在发达国家日趋明显，如：肥胖症产生更多心脏病、糖尿病等其他疾病患者群渐成年轻化。

人们如果把这些疾病归为“生活方式疾病”，这意味着人们生活方式的改善有可能阻止它们的进一步发展。

第五篇：2011年职称英语卫生类押题（定稿）

Cooking Oil Fumes Cause Tumor

The leading cause of lung cancer among women in the city was cooking oil fumes while men are more likely to develop the disease from smoking，said medical experts after a five-year research study.Doctors announced the results yesterday with analysis on some new tendencies in lung cancer.They said patients are younger，especially women.According to the Shanghai Tumor research Institute，more local residents die of lung cancer in the city than anything else.Following breast cancer，it has the second-highest incidence rate.“An unhealthy lifestyle is a very important reason for lung cancer，”said Dr He Yumin from Shanghai Minshen Traditional Chinese Medicine Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment Center.He followed 2,276 lung cancer patients for five years.Among them，1,483 were male.Smoking causes 70 percent of cases among men while only 18 percent of female patients developed cancer from smoking or inhaling second-hand smoke，according to the report.However，more than 60 percent of women with the disease had long term，close contact with strong oil fumes from cooking and complained about l irritated eyes and throat.About 32 percent of women fried foods in boiling oil in unventilated kitchens and about 25 percent of women’s bedrooms were adjacent to2 the kitchen.However，local women were surprised to learn cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer.Some claimed they may change food preparation methods.“Unless my family and I don’t eat at home every day，I must stay in the kitchen to cook，”said Xu Li.a 45-year-old local woman.“I know the fumes are bad for the skin，but it is the first time I heard that it can result in lung cancer.I have already started frying less.’’

Doctors said women’s lung cancer had few links to personal health and physical condition，but was closely related to family cancer history，unhealthy dietary habits and weak immune systems.Other experts agreed with He.3

“Smoking is by far the biggest cause4 of lung cancer for men，”said Dr Tan Binyong，honorary president of the Respiratory Disease Institute at Fudan University’s Medical College.“It’s true that second-hand smoke and cooking fumes are the main causes among women.”

He’s research also warned people not to stand near of stalls selling5 fried foods due to the poor quality of oils used.The chance of catching lung cancer is three times higher if exposed to the fume for a long time，6 experts said.词汇：

1.What a new tendency in lung cancer is concluded by the researchers?

D Patients with lung cancer become younger，especially females.2.Which of the following diseases is the most common among the local residents in Shanghai?

B Breast cancer.3.What symptoms may be complmned of by most women with lung cancer after long term.close

contact with cooking oil fumes?

A Irritated eyes and throat.4.What was the local women’s reaction when they learned that cooking oil fumes could lead to cancer?

B Surprised.5.Which of the following has relatively little connection with women’s lung cancer?

D Personal health and physical condition.第十八篇

Exercise Can Replace Insulin for Elderly Diabetics

Most older people with so-called typeⅡdiabetes could stop taking insulin if they would do brisk exercise for 30 minutes iust three times a week，according to new medical research results reported in the Copenhagen newspaper Berlingske Tidende on Monday.Results from tests conducted on diabetics at the Copenhagen Central Hospital Rigshospitalet’s Center for Muscle Research showed that physical exercise can boost the body’s ability to utilise insulin by 30 per cent，the newspaper reported.This is equal to1 the effect most elderly diabetics get from their insulin medication today，it said.Researchers had a group of non-diabetic men and a group of men with type II，all more than 60 years of age，exercise on bicycles six times a week for three months.After the three months the doctors measured how much sugar the test subjects’ muscles could utilise as a measure for how well their insulin worked.2

Associate Professor3 Dr.Hemming Dela of the Muscle Research Center said the tests demonstrated that the exercising diabetics had just as high insulin utilisation as the healthv non-exercising persons.“This means that the insulin works just as well for both groups.Physical exercise cannot cure people of diabetes，4 but it can eliminate almost all their symptoms.At the same time it can put off5 the point at which they have to begin taking insulin or perhaps completely avoid insulin treatment，”Dela was quoted as saying.6

Insulin isa hormone produced by the pancreas，controlling sugar in the body and used against diabetes.Dela said that to achieve the desired effect diabetics need only exercise to the point where they begin to work up7 a sweat，but that the activity has to be maintained since it wears off8 after five days without sufficient exercise.Most diabetics realise that they have to watch their diet while remaining unaware of9 the importance of exercise，Dela added.1.How could most elderly type II diabetics stop taking insulin?

C By doing brisk exercise for half an hour at least three times a week.2.Physical exercise may increase the body ability to utilise insulin bv B 30 per cent.3.The subjects of the research tests conducted at the Copenhagen Central Hospital included

A elderly non-diabetic men.B elderly type II diabetic men.D both A and B.4.To what a degree have diebetics to exercise in order to achieve the desired effect?

A To the degree where they begin to sweat.5.According to Dela，among most diabetics the importance of exercise is the importance of watching their diet.C less understood than

Preventing Child Maltreatment

Child maltreatment is a global problem with serious life-long consequences.There are no reliable global estimates for the prevalence of child maltreatment.Data for many countries，especially low-and middle-income countries，are lacking.Child maltreatment is complex and difficult to study.Current estimates vary widely depending on the country and the method of research used.Nonetheless.international studies reveal that approximately 20%of women and 5-10%of men report being sexually abused as children，while 25-50%of all children report being physically abused.Additionally，many children are subject to1 emotional abuse(sometimes referred to as2 psychological abuse).Every year，there are an estimated 31,000 homicide deaths in children under 15.This number underestimates the true extent of the problem，as a significant proportion of deaths due to child maltreatment are incorrectly attributed to3 falls，bums and drowning.Child maltreatment causes suffering to children and families and can have long-term consequences.Maltreatment causes stress that is associated with disruption in early brain development.Extreme stress can impair the development of the nervous and immune systems.Consequently，as adults，maltreated children are at increased risk for behavioural，physical and mental health problems.Via the behavioural and mental health consequences, maltreatment can contribute to heart disease, cancer，suicide and sexually transmitted infections.4

Beyond the health consequences of child maltreatment，there is an economic impact，including costs of hospitalization, mental health treatment, child welfare, and longer-term health costs.A number of risk factors for child maltreatmenthave been identified.These risk factors are not present in all social and cultural contexts, but provide an overview when attempting to understand the causes of child maltreatment.It is important to emphasize that children are the victims and are never to blame for5 maltreatment.A number of characteristics of an individual child may increase the likelihood of being maltreated ,such as being either under four years old or an adolescent ,being unwanted, or failing to fulfil the expectations of parents and having special needs, crying persistently or having abnormal physical features.6

1.The difficult situation in the global estimates of the child maltreatment is due to the following factors EXCEPT according to the passage.C there is a shortage of the professional date collectors

2.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

B 25-50% of all children were reported to have been physically abused.3.Many homicide deaths in children under 15 are wrongly categorized into the following types EXCEPT according to the passage.B diarrhea

4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as the bad impact caused by child maltreatment?

A The child will behave badly in his memory of his childhood when、he grows up.5.The maltreated chidlren often bear all the following characteristics EXCEPT according to the passage.D thev often try their best to meet the requirements from their parents

第三十四篇

Be Alert to1 Antimicrobial Resistance

The ability of micro-organisms to find ways to evade the action of the drugs used to cure the infections they cause is increasingly recognized as a global public health issue.Some bacteria have developed mechanisms which make them resistant to many of the antibiotics normally used for their treatment(multi-drug resistant bacteria)，so pose particular difficulties，as there may be few or no alternative options for therapy.They constitute a growing and global public health problem.WHO suggests that countries should be prepared to implement hospital infection control measures to 1imit the spread of multi-drug resistant strains and to reinforce national policy on prudent use of antibiotics，reducing the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria.An article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases2 on 11 August 2010 identified a new gene that enables some types of bacteria to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.The article has drawn attention to the issue of AMR3(antimicrobial resistance)，and，in particular，has raised, awareness of infections caused by multi-drug resistant bacteria.While multi-drug resistant bacteria are not new and will continue to appear，this development requires monitoring and further study to understand the extent and modes of transmission，and to define the most effective measures for control.Those called upon to be alert to the problem of antimicrobial resistance and take appropriate action include consumers，managers of hospitals，patients，as well as national governments.the pharmaceutical industry，and international agencies.WHO strongly recommends that governments focus control and prevention efforts in the following areas like surveillance for antimicrobial resistance;rational antibiotic use，including education of healthcare workers and the public in the appropriate use of antibiotics：introducing or

enforcing legislation related to stopping the selling of antibiotics without prescription;and strict adherence to infection prevention and control measures.including the use of hand-washing measures，particularly in healthcare facilities.Successful control of multidrug-resistant microorganisms has been documented in many countries，and the existing and well-known infection prevention and control measures can effectively reduce transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms if systematically implemented.WHO will continue to support countries to develop relevant policies，and to coordinate international efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance.Antimicrobial resistance will be the theme of WHO’s World Health Day 2011.练习：

1.Why is the use of antibiotics arousing globally increasing interest?

A.The misuse of the antibiotics has caused stronger bacteria resistance and no new drugs against the bacteria are available at present.2.Which of the following is true of the article published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases?

C A new strain has been found to be highly resistant to almost all antibiotics.3.Who of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage to take cautious and proper action about the AMR?

D Those who study in universities.4.All the following recommendations to the governments from WHO is true EXCEPT

D limit on the hospitals to store more antibiotic drugs than they Can use.5.What can you infer from the passage?

B Even with the new strains against the existing antibiotics，the transmission of multi-drug resistant organisms is still under control.