在全民健康覆盖问题部长级会议上的主旨发言：2015年后的挑战

第一篇：在全民健康覆盖问题部长级会议上的主旨发言：2015年后的挑战

Keynote Address at the Ministerial Meeting on Universal Health Coverage: the

Post-2015 Challenge

在全民健康覆盖问题部长级会议上的主旨发言：2015年后的挑战

Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General of the World Health Organization

世界卫生组织总干事 陈冯富珍博士

Singapore, 10 February 2015 新加坡，2015年2月10日

Your Excellency, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, Minister Gan, honourable ministers, distinguished experts, colleagues in public health, ladies and gentlemen,李显龙总理阁下、颜部长阁下、尊贵的各位部长、尊敬的各位专家、公共卫生界的各位同事、女士们、先生们，It is a great honour to address a ministerial meeting on universal health coverage in Singapore, a city-state with an inclusive health system known for its affordable excellence.Last year, Bloomberg’s second annual ranking of countries with the most efficient health care placed Singapore at the top.我深表荣幸能在新加坡的这次全民健康覆盖问题部长级会议上发言，这个城市国家以其出色且负担得起的包容性卫生系统而闻名。去年，在彭博社关于卫生保健最具成效的国家的第二次排名中，新加坡名列榜首。

WHO also places Singapore at the top for key health indicators, especially maternal and infant mortality, two of the most sensitive indicators of a well-functioning health system.Through foresighted and visionary planning, Singapore achieved first-rate health care, with outstanding health outcomes, at a cost lower than in any other high-income country in the world.世卫组织也将新加坡排在关键卫生指标的前列，尤其是在孕产妇和婴儿死亡率方面，这两个指标是运转良好的卫生系统的最敏感指标。新加坡通过其高瞻远瞩的规划，实现了一流的卫生保健，卫生成果斐然可观，而费用则低于世界上任何其它高收入国家。

This achievement was firmly anchored in a value system that places a premium on fairness and inclusiveness as a route to social cohesion, stability, and harmony.此一成就是坚实地奠定在这样一种价值体系上，即把公正和包容性视为社会凝聚、稳定与和谐之源。

Research guided individual strategies, but so did the wishes of the public, with opinion polls undertaken and conversations started to ensure that changes in the health system won public support and approval.研究工作引导具体战略，但公众的意愿也起到引导作用，民意调查和对话确保了卫生系统的变革赢得公众的支持和赞同。

As we have just heard, Singapore’s version of universal health coverage balances the advantages of competitiveness and other market forces with the need for state intervention to steer these forces in the right direction.It balances freedom to choose providers, services, and facilities with an obligatory health savings account, the MediSave plan, with its emphasis on individual responsibility.正如我们刚刚听到的，新加坡的全民健康覆盖模式，平衡了竞争和其它市场力量与需要国家干预来引导这些力量保持正确方向二者之间的好处。它对选择供应商、服务和设施的自由与强制性健康储蓄账户，即医疗储蓄计划作了平衡，后者强调了个人的责任。

There is no free lunch.The plan works to protect against the over-consumption of care.To help inform responsible decisions, the Ministry of Health publishes hospital bills for common illnesses on its website.世上没有免费的午餐。该计划有效地防止了医疗的过度消费。为帮助形成负责任的决定，卫生部在其网站上公布了一般疾病的医院账单。

Another innovation, MediShield Life, embodies the principle of collective responsibility through risk pooling.This is the safety net.It protects households from falling into financial ruin when medical bills are especially high.Studies conducted by WHO show that catastrophic medical bills force 100 to 150 million people below the poverty line every year.While many governments are working hard to lift people out of poverty, these efforts can be offset when the health system and its financing actually contribute to poverty.另一项创新，即终身健康保险，通过风险共担，体现了集体责任的原则。这是一个安全网络。它保护家庭在医疗花费太高的情况下免于倾家荡产。世卫组织的研究表明，每年有1亿到1.5亿人因灾难性的医疗费用跌至贫困线以下。许多政府正在大力帮助民众脱贫，如果卫生系统及其收费实际上是在加剧贫困，则这些努力都将落空。

As Singapore’s Minister of Health observed earlier this year, the scheme tells people that they “need not face life’s uncertainties alone, especially those who meet unexpected shocks in their life journeys.”

正如新加坡卫生部长今年早些时候所言，该项计划告诉民众，他们“尤其是那些在生命旅途中遭遇意外变故的人，不会独自面对生活中的不稳定性。”

Of course, not all of these innovations can be applied elsewhere.UHC is intrinsically country-owned.To work well, it must be home grown in line with each country’s culture, domestic political institutions, the legacy of the existing health system, and the expectations of citizens.当然，所有这些创新，并非在任何地方都适用。全民健康覆盖本质上是国家所有。要想行之有效，它必须根据每个国家的文化、国内政治体制、现行卫生系统的遗产和公民的期望因地制宜。

In achieving UHC, Singapore had some distinct advantages.The huge challenge of extending health services to reach remote and impoverished rural areas was non-existent.Singapore has only one rural area, a small island and tourist attraction.在实现全民健康覆盖方面，新加坡有一些独特的优势。不存在需要将卫生服务扩展到边远和贫穷农村地区的挑战。新加坡只有一处农村，是一个小岛和旅游胜地。

A tradition of cross-ministry collaboration makes it easier to address the upstream causes of ill health through environmental improvements and the use of fiscal and regulatory measures to encourage healthy lifestyles.跨部门合作的传统使之可以通过环境改善和采取财政和监管措施来鼓励健康的生活方式，从而解决健康不良的上游原因。

Singapore has also enjoyed political stability and a high level of public trust in government for decades.That helped as well.几十年来，新加坡还保持了政治稳定，政府的公信力极高。这也是很有帮助的。

With these advantages, UHC in Singapore has gone beyond providing and financing fair and inclusive health care.UHC in Singapore has worked as a strategy for building an inclusive, caring, and progressive society.These are assets for any country in the world.出于这些优势，全民健康覆盖在新加坡不仅仅是提供公平和包容性的卫生保健，并为之筹资。新加坡的全民健康覆盖成为建设一个包容、关爱和进步社会的战略。这些对世界上任何国家都是一笔财富。

Ladies and gentlemen,女士们，先生们，Our world is in turmoil from multiple causes.The signs are there for anyone to see: fluctuating currencies, unstable economies, prolonged conflicts, ethnic clashes, and inexplicable acts of violence.Organized acts of terrorism are the newest omnipresent and unpredictable threat.我们的世界因多种原因而变乱不定。这方面的迹象有目共睹：货币波动、经济动荡、旷日持久的冲突、种族纠纷、不可思议的暴力行为。有组织的恐怖主义活动则是一种最新威胁，它无处不在，难以预料。

The climate is changing, antibiotics are failing, and health care costs are soaring.Inequalities, in income levels, opportunities, and access to social services, both within and between countries, have reached the highest levels seen in nearly a century.气候变化，抗生素失灵，卫生保健费用扶摇直上。国家之内和国家之间在收入水平、机会和获取社会服务方面的不平等，已经达到了近百年来曾未见过的最严重程度。

Countries are losing their middle classes, the backbone of democracy.Last month’s Oxfam report on wealth distribution contains a startling statistic: just 80 rich and powerful people own more of the world’s total wealth than 3.5 billion people at the other end of the scale.各国正在失去其作为民主制中坚的中产阶级。上个月乐施会关于财富分配问题的报告载有令人震惊的统计数字：仅仅80个有财有势者，其在世界总财富中所占份额，就超过了底层的35亿人。

Many economists take optimism from the fact that several of the world’s fastest growing economies are in Africa, often fuelled by foreign extractive industries.But if you look at income distribution within these countries, what we are really seeing is more and more rich countries full of poor people.许多经济学家感到乐观的是，世界上有若干增长最迅速的经济体在非洲，它们背后往往是外国采掘工业在推波助澜。但注意一下这些国家的国内收入分配，我们不难看到，在这些越来越富裕的国家中，到处都是穷人。

An African medical blogger contrasted growths in GDP with weaknesses in health systems laid bare by the Ebola outbreak.He asked the following question.What good does it do to cover the ceiling of your house with golden paint when the walls and foundation have cracks?

一个非洲医学博客拿国内生产总值的增长与埃博拉疫情显露的卫生系统的薄弱作出比较。他提出了如下问题：如果墙壁和地基都在坍塌，则在屋顶上描金敷彩，又有什么意义？

Decades of experience tell us that this world will not become a fair place for health all by itself.Health systems will not automatically gravitate towards greater equity or naturally evolve towards universal coverage.几十年的经验教训告诉我们，这个世界单凭自身，不会成为一个有利健康的公平场所。卫生系统不会自动倾向于更大程度的公平，或自然而然地演化出全民覆盖。

Economic decisions within a country will not automatically protect the poor or promote their health.Globalization will not self-regulate in ways that ensure fair distribution of benefits.International trade agreements will not, by themselves, guarantee food security, or job security, or health security, or access to affordable medicines.国家内的经济决策不会自动去保护穷人或增加他们的财富。全球化不会自我调节，确保利益的公平分配。国际贸易协定本身，不会保障粮食安全、就业安全，卫生安全，或获取可负担的医药。

All of these outcomes require deliberate policy decisions.所有这些成果都要求作出深思熟虑的政策决定。

Universal health coverage is one of the most powerful social equalizers among all policy options.It is the ultimate expression of fairness.If public health has something that can help our troubled, out-of-balance world, it is this: growing evidence that well-functioning and inclusive health systems contribute to social cohesion, equity, and stability.They hold societies together and help reduce social tensions.全民健康覆盖是所有政策选项中最有力的一个社会平衡器。它是公正的终极表达。公共卫生如果能对我们这个扰攘不断的、失衡的世界有所帮助，那就在于：越来越多的证据显示，运转良好的包容性卫生系统将促进社会的凝聚、公平和稳定。它们将社会聚拢在一起，帮助缓和了社会紧张局势。

At a time when policies in so many sectors are actually increasing social inequalities, I would be delighted to see health lead the world towards greater fairness in ways that matter to each and every person on the planet.在如此之多部门的政策实际上正在加剧社会的不平等之时，我很高兴能看到，卫生以对地球上每个人都很重要的方式，引领世界走向更大的公平。Ladies and gentlemen,女士们，先生们，As the world enters the post-2015 era, it faces health challenges that are far more complex than they were at the start of this century.世界正在进入2015年后时代，它所面临的卫生挑战的复杂性，要远远超出本世纪初。

The sharp distinctions between health problems in wealthy and developing countries are dissolving.Everywhere, health is being shaped by the same universal pressures: the globalized marketing of unhealthy products, population ageing, and rapid urbanization.富国与发展中国家在卫生困扰上的明显差异正在消失。所有地方的卫生工作都受到同样的普遍压力：不健康产品的全球化推销、人口老龄化和迅速的城市化。

Our very definition of what constitutes socioeconomic progress is being challenged.我们关于社会经济进步为何的定义本身正在受到挑战。

Beginning in the 19th century, improvements in hygiene and living conditions were followed by vast improvements in health status and life-expectancy.These environmental improvements aided the control of infectious diseases, totally vanquishing many major killers from modern societies.从十九世纪开始，伴随卫生和生活条件的改善，是健康状况和预期寿命的巨大改善。这些环境改善帮助控制了传染病，在现代社会彻底消灭了许多主要的致命疾病。

Today, the tables are turned.Instead of diseases vanishing as living conditions improve, socioeconomic progress is actually creating the conditions that favour the rise of noncommunicable diseases.Economic growth, modernization, and urbanization have opened wide the entry point for the spread of unhealthy lifestyles.如今，形势急转直下。疾病没有随生活条件的改善而消失，社会经济进步实际上正在造成有利于非传染性疾病出现的条件。经济增长、现代化和城市化为不健康生活方式的蔓延敞开了大门。

The ancient burden of deaths from infectious diseases has been joined by a newer burden of even more deaths from NCDs.Rapid unplanned urbanization has added a third burden: deaths from road traffic crashes and the mental disorders, substance abuse, and violence that thrive in impoverished urban settings.除过传染病致死这一古已有之的负担，新增了非传染性疾病造成甚至更多死亡的负担。迅速和无计划的城市化加重了第三个负担：道路交通事故和精神疾病、物质滥用以及城市贫穷环境中迅速滋生的暴力行为造成的死亡。

The rise of NCDs adds considerably to the costs of health care.The costs of cancer care, for example, are becoming unaffordable for even the wealthiest countries in the world.In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration approved 12 drugs for various cancer indications.Of these 12, 11 were priced above $100,000 per patient per year.How many countries can afford this cost?

非传染性疾病的加剧导致卫生保健成本大增。例如，甚至对世界上最富有的国家而言，癌症护理的费用也正在令人不堪重负。2012年，美国食品和药物管理局为各种癌症适应症批准了12种药物。在这12种药物中，有11种 的价格超过每个病人每年10万美元。有多少国家能够负担得起这笔费用？

Prevention is by far the better option, but this, too, is more problematic than for infectious diseases, many of which can be prevented by vaccines or cured by medicines, all delivered by the health sector.迄今为止，预防是更好的选择，但相对于预防传染病，它也问题多多，许多传染病是疫苗接种可以预防或药物可以治愈的，而且它们均由卫生部门提供。

The root causes of NCDs reside in non-health sectors.They escape the direct purview of health.When health policies cross purposes with the economic interests of sectors like trade or finance, economic interests will trample health concerns nearly every time.非传染性疾病的根源在于非卫生部门。它们不在卫生部门的直接权限范围之内。当卫生政策与贸易或金融等部门的经济利益不一致时，几乎每次都是经济利益践踏健康方面的考虑。

Implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is a notable exception.It provides one of the best examples of cross-ministry collaboration, driven by overwhelming evidence of the health and economic costs of tobacco use.执行《世卫组织烟草控制框架公约》是一个明显的例外。它提供了跨部门合作的最佳范例之一，关于烟草适用的健康成本和经济成本的压倒性证据激励了这一合作。

It tells us that the health sector, working in tandem with others, can generate huge benefits.It can even tackle a powerful, devious, and dangerous industry on multiple fronts, including through fiscal and regulatory measures.它告诉我们，卫生部门与其它部门携手努力，可以产生巨大效益。它甚至可以在多条战线，包括通过财政和监管措施，对付一个有权有势、阴险狡猾和危险的行业。

As yet another challenge in the post-2015 era, health and medical professionals in every region of the world are losing their first-line antimicrobials as drug resistance develops.In several cases, second-line medicines are failing as well.For some cases of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and gonorrhoea, even last-resort antibiotics fail.2015年后时代的另一个挑战是，随着耐药性的发展，世界每一地区的卫生和医疗专业人员正在失去他们的一线抗菌素。在若干情况下，二线药品也失灵了。在一些耐多药结核病和淋病案例中，甚至作为最后手段的抗生素也失灵了。

With few replacement products in the pipeline, the world is moving towards a post-antibiotic era in which common infectious diseases will once again kill.A post-antibiotic era is a game-changer on a par with climate change.But antimicrobial resistance will kill us before climate change.由于正在开发的替代产品很少，世界正在走向后抗生素时代。在这个时代中，普通的传染病将再次戕害生命。同气候变化一样，后抗生素时代也将改变游戏规则。但抗菌素耐药性将先于气候变化，将我们致于死地。

Ladies and gentlemen,女士们，先生们，I began with the strategies used by Singapore to achieve and sustain universal coverage.Let me conclude with the strategies used in a very different country: Bangladesh.我开头讲的是新加坡为实现和维持全民覆盖所采用的战略。让我以一个迥然不同的国家采用的战略作为结束：孟加拉国。

The Bangladeshi story shatters the long-held assumption that countries must first reduce poverty, then better health will follow almost automatically.Bangladesh decided to reverse the order by first freeing populations from the misery caused by ill health.孟加拉国的故事驳斥了人们长期以来的假设，即国家必须首先减贫，则健康自然就会有所增进。孟加拉国决定颠倒这个次序，先让民众免遭健康不良带来的苦难。

Driven by a commitment to equity, the country aimed for universal coverage of its vast and very poor population with a package of high-impact interventions.To compensate for a severe shortage of doctors and nurses, the country trained and then closely supervised a brigade of community health workers, mostly women, who followed a doorstep-delivery approach.在实现公平的承诺的推动下，该国的目标是利用一整套影响力巨大的干预措施，对其为数众多的非常贫穷的人口实现全民覆盖。为弥补医生护士的严重短缺，该国培训了一大批采取上门交付方式的社区保健人员，主要是女性，并对其进行密切监督。

The country also used its world-class research capacity to experiment with innovations.Formal and contractual arrangements were made with nongovernmental organizations that were best placed to win community trust and reach marginalized populations.Improvements in school enrolment, especially for girls, and in agriculture brought huge benefits for health.该国还利用其世界水平的研究能力进行创新实验。与非政府组织作出正式的合同安排，这些组织最有可能赢得社区信任，抵达边缘人群。入学率的提高，特别是农村女孩入学率的提高，给健康带来巨大的好处。

The efforts of Bangladesh were driven by another reality.When government health services fail to reach poor areas, private providers and shops selling medicines will mushroom.Charges for services from these unregulated and largely unqualified health care providers work to deepen poverty, not reduce it.To prevent this from happening, the government built and ran nearly 12,000 strategically located community clinics

另一种现实也是驱动孟加拉国努力的因素。在贫困地区，当政府的卫生服务鞭长莫及时，私人供应商和出售药品的商店就会蜂拥而起。这些不受管控且基本上无资质的医疗保健提供者对服务的收费，加剧而不是减少了贫穷。为防止这种情况发生，政府建立并管理了近1.2万个位于战略位置的社区医务所。

Perhaps most important was the strong strategic bias towards women and girls.The approaches used explicitly recognized that empowered women will turn health into a nation-building strategy.或许最重要的是对妇女和女孩的强大战略倾斜。所采用的方法明确承认，能力增强后的妇女将使健康成为一项国家建设战略。

Their needs, including for sexual and reproductive health services, came first.Their human rights were legally protected.That approach led to a stunning reversal in excessive mortality of girls compared with boys

她们的需要，包括对性健康和生殖健康服务的需要被摆在了首要位置。她们的人权得到了法律保护。伴随这一方针，女孩的死亡率大大高于男孩的现象得到了显著扭转。

As we have learned from ample evidence, investing in health is investing in economic growth, investing in the health and well-being of people.Every country needs healthy human capacity to sustain development.Without this capacity, it is hard to even begin to talk about sustainable development.正如我们从充足的证据中所了解，投资于卫生，就是投资于经济增长，投资于人民的健康和福祉。每个国家要维持发展，都需要健康的人力资源。没有这一能力，甚至很难开始谈论可持续发展。

The Singapore experience and all of the other experiences we have heard about give us one compelling message.Any country that really wants to move towards universal health coverage can do so.There are no excuses.新加坡的经验和我们听到的所有其它经验，都传递了一个令人信服的信息。任何国家，只要真正希望实现全民健康覆盖，都是可以做到的。不存在任何借口。

Health is likely one of the most precious commodities in life.But it is highly political and it requires investment.You need political leadership.You need commitment.And you need a conversation with the public, as has been done here in Singapore.I thank you for the opportunity to participate in this discussion.健康可能是生命中最宝贵的商品之一。但它是高度政治性的，而且还要投入资金。需要政治领导。需要承诺。需要与公众对话，就像新加坡所做的那样。感谢大家使我有机会参加这次讨论。

Thank you.谢谢大家。

第二篇：何亚非副部长在安理会索马里海盗问题部长级会议上的发言

主席先生，中国支持安理会就索马里海盗问题召开高级别会议。今天的会议和刚才通过的决议再次充分显示了国际社会团结一致、坚决打击索马里海盗的信心与决心，安理会发出的信号是积极、正确和及时的。

主席先生，索马里海盗活动日益猖獗，已成为一大国际公害，对国际航运、海上贸易和海上安全构成严重威胁。中国也 是索马里海盗活动的受害者之一。仅今年就有6艘中国籍或中方租用船只在索马里海域被海盗劫持。至今仍有1艘船只、17名中国公民未被释放。中国政府和广大 民众对此极为关切。

索马里问题久拖不决对国际和平与安全构成严重威胁，而索马里海盗活动日益猖獗进一步加剧了索马里的安 全局势。安理会肩负着维护国际和平与安全的首要责任，今年以来已先后就打击索马里海盗通过了三项决议。中国欢迎国际社会就打击索马里海盗开展有效合作，支 持有关国家根据国际法和安理会决议派军舰打击索马里海盗的努力，中国正积极考虑近期派军舰赴亚丁湾、索马里海域参加护航活动。

主席先生，为进一步打击索马里海盗行为，中方愿提出以下主张：

第一、发挥联合国重要作用。打击索马里海盗行动牵涉多方，只有通力合作，才能共克难关。在此方面，应充分发挥联合国，特别是安理会在维护国际和平与安全方面的核心作用，以有效协调各国打击索马里海盗的行动。

第二、严格遵守国际法和安理会决议。这是有关行动得到包括索马里政府和人民在内的国际社会普遍支持的 重要前提。国际社会应在《联合国海洋法公约》、安理会决议的基础上开展合作。任何打击海盗的行动都应严格遵守安理会决议的授权，尤其要充分尊重沿岸国主权 和领土完整，并事先征得索马里过渡联邦政府的同意。

第三、制定综合性战略。打击索马里海盗涉及政治、军事、经济、外交、司法等各领域工作，是一项综合、系统工程。要取得实效，就必须多轨并行、齐力推进。同时还要根据形势发展，确定并且调整不同时期的工作重点。

第四、帮助索马里加强本国能力建设，并开展区域内协作。索马里海盗问题解决的关键归根结底在索马里政 府和人民。国际社会应通过各种途径帮助索马里政府提高自身能力建设。以往有益实践证明，区域合作也可发挥重要作用。中方欢迎红海、亚丁湾和西印度洋沿岸国 家共同努力，通过区域安排应对索马里海盗问题。

主席先生，索马里海盗现象不是孤立的。海盗猖獗只是索马里政治、经济、社会、人道各方面深刻危机的表象。国际社 会要重视打击索马里海盗，更要重视铲除海盗产生的根源。我们呼吁各方继续推进索马里政治进程，推动切实落实《吉布提协议》。安理会应正视索马里政府和非盟 的强烈愿望，加强非盟索马里特派团，并尽快授权联合国接管在索马里维和行动。同时，国际社会应防止索马里人道主义局势进一步恶化，并加大对索马里基础设施 和发展项目援助，助其早日恢复“造血”功能。中方愿继续作出自己的努力。

谢谢主席先生。

Mr.President, China supports the holding of this high-level Security Council meeting on counter piracy off the coast of Somalia.This meeting and the resolution just adopted once again fully demonstrate the commitment and confidence of the international community to come together and fight against piracy.The signal sent by the Security Council is positive, right and timely.Mr.President, Piracy off the coast of Somalia has become increasingly rampant and is now an international menace posing a grave threat to international shipping, maritime trade and security at sea.China is also one of its victims.This year alone, a total of six vessels registered in or rented by China have been hijacked in the waters off the Somali coast.One vessel and 17 Chinese nationals have remained in captivity till today.This has aroused utmost concern from the Chinese Government and the general public.The long-term delay in settlement of the Somali issue is posing a serious threat to international peace and security, while the rampant piracy problem off the Somali coast has worsened the security situation in Somalia.In fulfilling its primary responsibility of upholding world peace and security, the Security Council has so far this year adopted three resolutions on this issue.China welcomes international cooperation in the fight against piracy off the coast of Somalia and supports the efforts of relevant countries to send warships to the region to crack down on pirates pursuant to Security Council resolutions.China is seriously considering sending naval ships to the Gulf of Aden and waters off the Somali coast for escorting operations in the near future.Mr.President, To step up the fight against piracy off the Somali coast, the Chinese side wishes to make the following proposals: First, give full play to the important role of the United Nations.Since fighting piracy in that region involves many different parties, the problem can only be resolved with concerted efforts from all.It is therefore crucial to allow the United Nations, especially its Security Council, to play its core role of maintaining world peace and security and effectively coordinate responses and actions.Second, strictly abide by international law and Security Council resolutions.This is an important prerequisite for there to be extensive support from the people of Somalia and the rest of the international community for relevant anti-piracy actions.The international community should cooperate on the basis of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and the Security Council resolutions.All anti-piracy operations should be conducted in full compliance with the mandate of Security Council resolutions, and particularly with full respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of littoral countries and prior consent from the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia..Third, formulate an integrated strategy.Fighting piracy off the coast of Somalia is a comprehensive and systematic project as it involves efforts in the political, military, economic, diplomatic and judicial fields.Concerted efforts must be made on different tracks in order to achieve tangible results.In addition, priorities for different phases must be identified and redefined in light of the evolving situation.Fourth, help Somalia strengthen its own capacity building and carry out regional cooperation.The key to solving the issue of piracy lies with the government and people of Somalia.The international community should help the Somali Government to improve its capacity building through various channels.Useful practices in the past have proven that regional cooperation can play an important role.China welcomes concerted efforts to be made by the littoral countries of the Red Sea, the Gulf of Aden and the Western Indian Ocean to tackle the issue of piracy off the coast of Somalia through regional arrangements.Mr.President, Piracy off the coast of Somalia is not an isolated case.The surge of piracy is just a symptom of the profound political, economic, social and humanitarian crises that Somalia faces.The international community should take the fight against piracy seriously.But what is even more important is to remove the root causes of piracy.We call on all parties concerned to further advance the Somali political process and promote the implementation of the Djibouti Agreement in good faith.The Security Council should heed the strong desire of the Somali Government and the African Union, reinforce the African Union Mission to Somalia(AMISOM)and mandate the United Nations to take over peacekeeping operations in Somalia at an early date.In the meantime, the international community should work to prevent the humanitarian situation in Somalia from further deteriorating.It should also increase assistance to Somalia in infrastructure development and development projects so as to help it regain its “blood-generating” function.China will continue to make its contribution in this regard.Thank you, Mr.President.

第三篇：怎么在会议上发言

怎么在会议上发言（原文及译文)

How to make comments in meetings

Almost everyone likes to express him/herself.Just look at the popularity of blogs.Making comments and/or criticism of what others say is a close second.In scholastic endeavors, One can write “letters to the editor” to comment on published articles.Some journal even have “discussion” section following each article devoted to this purpose.More frequently, audience in a meeting are given Q&A time following the presentation of each paper in a session to let people comment on the paper.Aside from legitimate inquiries, making a comment serves other purposes:1It lets the reader to vent his/her anger or frustration.Or it shows support for the opinion expressed.This form is most prevalent in anonymous comments for blog articles.We won't dwell on them.It helps to illustrate further the content of the presentation for other reader and the audience

3Show off the knowledge and expertise of the commentator.#2 and #3 are legitimate goals and represent a large percentages of all comments but are rather difficult to carry out.Done carelessly, it backfires on the person making the comments and leavesa bad impression of him or her on the audience.Yet in many meetings, I continuously see people make such foolish remarks with the hope that they are impressing others(出风头).The point is that to accomplish either #2 or #3 requires that you understand completely the essence of what the author/presenter is trying to say BUT the presenter is lacking the skill to convey the content.You on the other hand, know a better way of making the point and can do it orally in no more than a couple of sentences(一针见血).This is a task not easily done in real time nor can it be done for every presentation.But if done properly, both the author and the audience will be impressed by and grateful to you.What I recommend for young scholars eager to make a name for himself is to practice silently what I said in the above paragraph for each presentation you attend in a meeting(but don't actually do it).This practice has many virtues other than making you known.First it forces you to cut away all kinds of noise and chaff and get at the essence of a paper/presentation quickly.In these days of information overload, to be able to quickly decide the relevance of an item is a big

advantage.Second.To be able to re-organize a presentation in real time gives you practice to react quickly to questions and comments on your own presentation when

the time comes.Thirdly, to be able to be brief and to-the-point is a skill worth cultivating in your career.Lastly, to sense what others wanted to but was not able to convey and say it clearly and succinctly for him is the mark of a good listener/speaker.In short, I am not recommending that you get up and comment on every

paper/presentation you attend(for you will become a bore very quickly), but listen to every presentation as if you are going to with the italicized paragraph above in mind.Most of us will only have a few truly good ideas in life.The above recommended practice will help you to publicize your ideas when the time comes.Let me recall a personal incident years ago at a meeting in the US.An English speaker came with a set of transparencies in French(this is before the days of PPT and LCD projectors).His excuse is that he had just gave the presentation in Paris and it is “convenient” for him(i.e., he is lazy)to use the same transparencies even though he will be speaking in English to an English speaking audience.My reaction is that this is either disrespect for the audience or he wants to show off his knowledge of the French language.Either case is inappropriate.So I waited until the Q&A period, stood up, and said(in Chinese followed with translations of course)“ I asked the question in Chinese because it is more “convenient” for me to do so.”This brought down the house and I received a standing ovation.I may have made an enemy but won many friends in the mean time.Although this is a non-technical example, it does illustrate the point I am trying to make concerning “Making comments

怎么在会议上发言？

很少有人不喜欢表达自己。只要看看博客的流行程度你就知道了。每时每刻都有人在评论或者批评别人的文章。在学术工作中，你可以通过写 “ 编读往来 ” 来评论已经发表的文章。一些期刊甚至在每篇文章后面都专设了“讨论”部分，目的也在于此。而更常见的情况是，会议听众在每篇论文报告后的问答时间里有机会就报告的内容发表评论。发表评论除了提出一些合理的问题外，还有其他一些目的：．读者可以借机宣泄自己的愤怒或挫折感，也可以表达对作者观点的支持。这种形式在博客的匿名评论中最为普遍。我们这里暂且不谈。．它有助于向其他读者和听众进一步阐明讲话的内容。．炫耀评论人自己的知识和专业水平。

第二点和第三点都是无可非议的，在所有的评论中，这两者占了大多数，不过，要实现

起来还是有相当的难度。评论者一不留心就会事与愿违，给其他听众留下坏印象。然而在许多会议上，我还是不断看到有人因为想出风头而作出愚蠢的评论。

我想说的是，要实现第二点或者第三点，你必须完全理解作者或报告人想表述但却因缺乏相应技巧而无法传达给读者的问题本质。另一方面，你还要比报告人表达得更好，能够通过口头表达就一针见血地阐明问题。当时立即要实现这一切并不是件容易的事情，而且也不是每个报告都可以进行这样的评论。但是，如果你做得恰如其分，就会给作者或者听众留下深刻的印象，而且他们会为此感谢你。

我建议那些非常希望尽快打出名气的年轻学者们，在参加每次会议报告时，都默默地按照我在上一段中所说的实践一下（但不是实际去做）。这种训练除了能让你成名外，还有其他好处。首先，它迫使你排除各种干扰，迅速弄清论文或报告的本质。在当前这个信息过剩的时代，如果你能迅速决定信息的相关性就会占有很大的优势。其次，如果你能够边听边整理报告，就有机会在自己作报告时，对别人的提问和评论作出快速反应。再次，简明扼地表达自己是非常值得努力掌握的职业技巧。最后，如果您能够感觉到别人想说却说不明白的内容，然后言简意赅地替他表达出来，这表明你是一个很好的听众或演讲人。

简而言之，我不是在建议你站起来对每篇论文或每个报告评论一番（因为这样做你很快就会讨人厌），而是，把上面斜体段落的内容铭记于心，在倾听每个报告的时候就好像你真的要发表评论似的。

大多数人终其一生也不过只有为数不多的几个真正好的想法。上文建议的练习方法会帮助你在机会终于降临的时候，把自己的想法推销出去。

我回忆起多年前在美国的一次会议上亲身经历。一位讲英语的人使用了一套法语玻璃幻灯片（这是在 PPT 和液晶投影仪之前的用具）。他的理由是他刚刚在巴黎做了这个报告，尽管他是用英语演讲，而且下面的听众也讲的是英语，他用同样的幻灯片比较 “ 方便 ” 一些（也就是说他很懒）。我当时的反应是要么此人对听众不尊重，要么他想炫耀自己的法语。但无论如何这么做都是不恰当的。因此，我等到问答时间的时候站了起来（先用中文然后用英语翻译了一下），我说： “ 我用中文问问题因为这对我而言更 ‘ 方便 '。” 我的举动博得了满堂喝彩，大家起立为我鼓掌。也许这样做我多了一个敌人，但同时赢得了许多的朋友。

尽管这是一个非专业性的例子，但它确实能够说明我在“如何发言”这个问题上想要表达的观点。（科学网 任霄鹏译 何姣校）

第四篇：温家宝在中阿合作论坛第四届部长级会议开幕式上的主旨演讲

温家宝在中阿合作论坛第四届部长级会议开幕式上的主

旨演讲

时间:2010年05月14日 08时04分来源:人民日报作者:温家宝

字号：『 大字体 中字体 小字体 』

深化全面合作 实现共同发展

——在中阿合作论坛第四届部长级会议开幕式上的主旨演讲

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝

（２０１０年５月１３日 天津）

尊敬的卡塔尔首相兼外交大臣哈马德阁下，尊敬的各位部长、阿盟秘书长、各位使节，女士们，先生们：

半年前，在我访问埃及时，应邀在阿盟总部发表演讲，阿拉伯人民的友好情谊至今令我记忆犹新。今天，作为东道主，我们以兄弟般的热情，欢迎各位阿拉伯朋友来华出席中阿合作论坛第四届部长级会议，共商中阿关系发展大计，正式确立中阿全面合作、共同发展的战略合作关系。我谨代表中国政府，对会议的召开表示热烈祝贺，并预祝会议取得圆满成功。

中阿合作论坛的成立，是中国与阿拉伯国家着眼２１世纪双方关系长远发展作出的战略选择，是中国与发展中国家加强集体对话与合作的重大举措。六年来，中阿合作论坛机制不断完善，在双方关系中发挥着越来越重要的引领作用。论坛每年都举办形式多样、内容充实的活动，推动

了中国同阿拉伯世界全方位交流与合作，得到各国政府和人民的重视与好评。实践证明，中阿合作论坛的建立，极大地促进了双边关系发展，推动了双方各领域合作。

政治互信进一步增强。近年来，双方高层互访频繁，相互理解加深。中方更加坚定地支持阿拉伯国家探索符合自身实际的发展道路，更加积极地促进中东和平进程和阿拉伯国家恢复合法民族权利的正义事业。阿拉伯国家也在涉及台湾、西藏、新疆等关乎中国核心利益的问题上给予中方大力支持，在中国人民遭受汶川、玉树地震等自然灾害时提供无私援助。中国与阿拉伯两个伟大民族的心日益紧密地联结在一起。

经贸往来更加密切。我们多次举行中阿企业家大会暨投资研讨会、中阿能源合作大会，推动双方经贸合作实现跨越式发展。论坛成立短短几年间，双方贸易额从２００４年的３６４亿美元攀升至２００９年的１０７４亿美元，相互直接投资累计从１１亿美元增加到５５亿美元，工程承包合作累计完成营业额从１３５亿美元提高到７００亿美元。在国际金融危机的严峻形势下，中阿经贸合作继续向前发展，充分显示了双方经济的巨大互补性和广阔的发展前景。

人文交流日趋活跃。我们共同举办中阿文明对话研讨会、中阿友好大会、中阿新闻合作论坛，互办文化节，中国中央电视台开通阿拉伯语频道，这些极大地增进了双方人民的相互了解和友谊。中国的“孔子学院”走入越来越多的阿拉伯国家，为阿拉伯人民、特别是青年一代打开了认知中国传统文化和现代化建设的大门。

中阿合作论坛虽然刚刚迎来第６个年头，但新中国与阿拉伯国家开启友好关系已经进入第６个十年。在半个多世纪的峥嵘岁月里，中阿人民共同经受了争取民族独立、捍卫国家主权的斗争洗礼，共同经历了探索发展道路、实现民族复兴的曲折艰辛，共同走过了推动建立公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序的漫长历程。一路风雨同行，始终患难与共，中阿人民凝聚了深厚友情，加深了相互理解，创造了共同财富。中阿关系的历史昭示我们，只有相互尊重，平等相待，才能保持双方政治关系健康发展；只有相互借鉴，兼容并蓄，才能促进中阿文明和谐发展；只有真诚合作，互利共赢，才能推动中阿经济共同发展。从自身实践中得来的经验是最珍贵的，我们要倍加珍惜，永远铭记。

女士们，先生们，过去的两年，世界经历了国际金融危机的严重冲击和严峻考验。在国际社会的共同努力下，世界经济正在缓慢复苏，但基础并不牢固。一些国家主权债务危机还在加深，主要经济体失业率居高不下，国际大宗商品价格高位振荡，贸易保护主义明显抬头。我们决不能低估这场危机的严重性、复杂性，及其对世界政治经济的深远影响。要始终保持清醒头脑，冷静观察、沉着应对、相互支持，努力消除影响世界经济可持续复苏的各种障碍。同时要看到，这场百年一遇的国际金融危机正推动世界政治经济格局的大调整、大变革。国际力量对比出现深刻变化，大国关系酝酿深刻调整，国际治理体系面临深刻变革，世界经济结构孕育深刻转型。变革孕育着希望，机遇伴随着挑战。在世界面临历史转变的关键时刻，一切有远见卓识的政治家必须高瞻远瞩，审时度势，顾全大局，精诚合作，推动人类和平、发展与进步的车轮继续向前。

——要积极营造一个和平稳定的国际环境，为世界经济全面稳定复苏奠定坚实的政治基础。中国人民从自己的切身经历中深深懂得，没有和平稳定的环境，发展无从谈起。国际社会应大力倡导以和为贵的理念，继续弘扬同舟共济、共克时艰的精神。要恪守联合国宪章的宗旨和原则，反对粗暴侵犯和干涉别国主权与内政；要坚持以和平方式解决国际和地区争端，反对动辄诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。要加强不同文明之间的对话与交流，增进相互理解和包容，反对一切形式的恐怖主义、极端势力和暴力活动，反对将恐怖主义与特定民族和宗教挂钩。要推进多边主义和国际关系民主化，反对少数国家垄断国际事务。中国政府真诚希望，有关冲突地区和国家通过友好协商，尽快化解纠纷，平息动荡，消弭战乱，早日走上民族振兴、联合自强的道路。

——要推进国际经济和金融体系改革，加快建立公正、合理的国际经济金融新秩序。这次国际金融危机的教训是深刻的。国际社会应正本清源，对症下药，从引发危机的源头上加强治理。

探索建立更为有效的世界经济治理机制，推动各方更加广泛参与，充分照顾各方的利益和关切。要坚定不移地推进国际金融体系改革，完善国际金融机构决策程序和机制，加强国际金融监管合作。必须旗帜鲜明地反对形形色色的保护主义，坚决倡导和支持自由贸易，推动多哈回合谈判早日达成更加合理、平衡的结果。解决好各国自身的经济问题，是承担更大国际责任的前提和基础，主要经济体应切实改变低储蓄高消费的发展模式，强化金融监管，抑制过度投机。中国将坚定不移地实施互利共赢的开放战略，把扩大内需作为长期战略方针，坚持实行贸易投资自由化便利化政策，广泛开展多种形式的国际经济合作与交流，致力于在国际经济体系中发挥建设性作用。——要加快实现千年发展目标，努力缩小南北差距。世界经济最根本的失衡是发展的不平衡，受国际金融危机冲击最大的是发展中国家，克服国际金融危机不利影响困难最多的也是发展中国家。如果广大发展中国家继续贫困下去，世界的和平与发展事业将受到严重威胁。国际社会应把更多目光和关爱投向贫困地区和贫困人口，切实帮助发展中国家保持金融稳定和经济增长，发达国家尤其要承担起应尽的义务。应尊重和支持发展中国家走适合本国国情的发展道路，探索有利于本国发展和消除贫困的发展模式。中国将一如既往地为发展中国家提供力所能及、真诚无私、不附加任何条件的援助。中国在联合国千年发展目标高级别会议上向世界作出了庄严承诺，我们一定言必信，行必果，绝不会让广大发展中国家失望。

——要努力维护能源安全和积极应对气候变化，促进世界经济可持续发展。国际能源价格大幅震荡，直接影响世界经济稳定和繁荣。国际社会应树立互利合作、多元发展、协同保障的新能源安全观。尊重有关国家利用能源资源促进自身发展的权利。加强能源出口国和消费国的对话和沟通，强化国际能源政策磋商和协调，满足各国发展对能源的正常需求。深入开展能源开发领域的合作，鼓励能源产业投资，保持能源供求基本平衡和合理的国际能源价格。携手维护能源生产国的局势稳定，抑制市场过度投机，保持国际能源市场正常秩序。要着眼应对全球气候变化，全面加强先进能源技术的研发推广，促进各国提高能源节约能力、利用水平和使用效率，大力开发清洁和可再生能源。国际社会要恪守“共同但有区别的责任”原则，在坚持《联合国气候变化框

架公约》、《京都议定书》和“巴厘路线图”的基础上，巩固和深化《哥本哈根协议》达成的重要共识，继续推进应对气候变化历史进程。中国将加大节约能源力度，通过不懈努力，实现到２０２０年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比２００５年下降４０％－４５％的目标，为维护世界能源安全和应对气候变化做出积极贡献。

女士们，先生们，历经沧桑巨变，中国与阿拉伯国家站在了新的历史起点上。中阿两大民族曾经有过辉煌的过去，我们也一定能够通过不懈努力，赢得新的荣耀和尊严。面对国际格局的深刻演变，中阿双方的共识在增多，共同利益在增加，相互需求在增强。全面提升中阿各领域关系，符合双方人民的根本利益，也有利于世界和平与发展。中国愿同阿拉伯国家一道，秉持和平、发展、合作理念，把双方关系不断推向前进。

我们要大力加强战略协作。密切高层交往和战略磋商，交流治国理政和发展经验，增进双方政治互信。在涉及各自核心利益问题上相互支持，在重大国际和地区事务中相互配合，共同应对重大全球性问题。中方重申将继续支持“阿拉伯和平倡议”，愿同阿方及国际社会一道，推动中东问题早日得到全面、公正、合理解决。

我们要全面拓展经贸合作。双方应积极扩大贸易规模，规范贸易秩序，优化贸易结构。中方愿继续稳定与阿拉伯国家的石油、天然气及其产品贸易，扩大进口阿方非石油产品，同时增加向阿方出口附加值更高的机电产品、高新技术产品；继续鼓励有实力的企业赴阿拉伯国家投资兴业，带动当地经济发展，也欢迎更多阿方企业来华发展。中方愿意推进双方基础设施建设合作，支持双方企业参与电力、铁路、公路等项目建设，深化在油气上下游一体化领域的合作；拓展双方金融领域的合作，加强在环保、防治沙漠化等领域的合作与对话。

我们要积极开展人文交流与合作。阿拉伯有句谚语：“一棵无花果树看着另一棵无花果树，就变得硕果累累”。中华文明与阿拉伯、伊斯兰文明加强对话与交流，相互学习和借鉴，可以使

本民族的文化更加丰富多彩，更加繁荣兴盛。中国欢迎双方举办展览、文艺演出、文化日和文化周等活动，共同办好今年即将在北京和上海举办的第二届阿拉伯艺术节。鼓励双方互派更多留学生，在中国大力推广阿拉伯语教学，增加有阿语教学院校的数量。中方将在未来三年内，每年为阿方培训１０００名各类人员。支持双方企业建立旅游投资项目，欢迎尚未列入中国公民境外旅游目的地的阿拉伯国家提出申请。双方还要鼓励翻译、出版对方的优秀文艺作品。通过开展上述活动，使中阿友好深入人心，世代相传。

女士们，先生们，２０００多年前的古丝绸之路，曾经成为联结中阿人民友谊的纽带，给中国和阿拉伯世界带来和平与繁荣。面向未来，让我们携起手来，沿着历史的足迹，顺应时代的潮流，朝着持久和平与繁荣兴旺的光明之路继续前进。

谢谢大家！

第五篇：胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞（范文模版）

胡锦涛在APEC人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞

2010年9月16日上午，第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议在北京人民大会堂隆重开幕。国家主席胡锦涛出席开幕式并发表致辞，以下为讲话全文：

深化交流合作 实现包容性增长

——在第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议上的致辞 中国国家主席 胡锦涛 2010年9月16日

Deepen Exchanges and Cooperation for Inclusive Growth--Address by President Hu Jintao At the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting

September 16, 2010

女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen，今天，来自亚太经合组织各成员的朋友们齐聚北京，参加第五届亚太经合组织人力资源开发部长级会议。这次会议的主题是“开发人力资源、大力促进就业、实现包容性增长”。首先，我谨代表中国政府和人民，对会议的召开表示热烈的祝贺！对与会各位代表表示诚挚的欢迎！

Today, friends from the APEC member economies are gathering in Beijing for the Fifth APEC Human Resources Development Ministerial Meeting.The theme of the meeting is “Developing Human Resources, Vigorously Promoting Employment and Realizing Inclusive Growth”.First of all, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, warm congratulations on the opening of the meeting and sincere welcome to all delegates.亚太地区是全球最具发展活力和潜力的地区之一，21个成员的经济总量占世界经济总量近60%，在世界经济格局中具有重要地位和作用。经过21年的发展，亚太经合组织已成为亚太地区机制最完善、层级最高的经济合作组织之一。

The Asia-Pacific region is among the world's most dynamic regions with the greatest development potential.It has an important place and role in the world economy, with the 21 APEC member economies making up nearly 60% of total global economic output.After 21 years of development, APEC has become an economic cooperation organization in the Asia-Pacific region that has the most full-fledged institutions and attracts the highest level of participation.国际金融危机的发生和应对使我们更加深刻地认识到，在经济全球化深入发展的今天，要推动世界经济可持续增长、有效应对世界经济面临的风险和挑战，各国各地区必须加强交流合作，协力解决经济发展中的深层次、结构性问题。2009年亚太经合组织第十七次领导人非正式会议就包容性增长达成共识，提出要更好抓住经济全球化带来的机遇、更好应对经济全球化带来的挑战，创造就业机会，造福广大民众。实现包容性增长，切实解决经济发展中出现的社会问题，为推进贸易和投资自由化、实现经济长远发展奠定坚实社会基础，这是亚太经合组织各成员需要共同研究和着力解决的重大课题。

In the wake of the international financial crisis and based on our experience in dealing with the crisis, we have become more acutely aware of one thing.In an era of deepening economic globalization, if we want to ensure sustained global economic growth and effectively tackle the risks and challenges faced by the world economy, all countries and regions must strengthen exchanges and cooperation and work together to address the underlying, structural issues in economic development.The 17th APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting in 2009 reached consensus on inclusive growth, and highlighted the importance of seizing the opportunities brought by economic globalization to better meet the challenges of economic globalization and create job opportunities for the benefit of our people.To realize inclusive growth, to resolve the social issues emerging from economic development and to lay a solid social foundation for trade promotion, investment facilitation and long-term economic development are all major topics that we, the APEC member economies, need to work on together.女士们、先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen，实现包容性增长，根本目的是让经济全球化和经济发展成果惠及所有国家和地区、惠及所有人群，在可持续发展中实现经济社会协调发展。我们应该朝着生产发展、生活富裕、生态良好的目标，坚持发展经济，着力转变经济发展方式，提高经济发展质量，增加社会财富，不断为全体人民逐步过上富裕生活创造物质基础。我们应该坚持社会公平正义，着力促进人人平等获得发展机会，逐步建立以权利公平、机会公平、规则公平、分配公平为主要内容的社会公平保障体系，不断消除人民参与经济发展、分享经济发展成果方面的障碍。我们应该坚持以人为本，着力保障和改善民生，建立覆盖全民的社会保障体系，注重解决教育、劳动就业、医疗卫生、养老、住房等民生问题，努力做到发展为了人民、发展依靠人民、发展成果由人民共享。在这里，我愿就本次会议主题提出以下4点建议。

The ultimate purpose of inclusive growth is to spread the benefits of economic globalization and economic development among all countries, regions and people and to realize balanced economic and social progress through sustainable development.Our goal is greater productivity and prosperity and a better environment.To this end, we must develop the economy, transform the economic development pattern, raise the efficiency of economic development, and create more social wealth so that our people can lead a better life.We should pursue social equity and justice.To this end, we must ensure everyone equal access to development opportunities, steadily put in place a system for guaranteeing social equity with a focus on ensuring fairness in rights, opportunities, rules and distribution, and eradicate obstacles that keep our people from participating in economic development or sharing the fruits of economic development.We should put people first, ensure and improve people's livelihood, institute a social safety net that covers all, and address issues vital to people's livelihood, including education, labor and employment, health care, old-age support and housing.We should work hard to ensure that development is for the people and by the people and its fruits are shared among the people.Here, I want to make the following four proposals within the context of the theme of the meeting:

第一，优先开发人力资源。人力资源开发，对提高人们参与经济发展和改善自身生存发展条件，对推动经济持续发展、实现包容性增长，具有基础性的重要意义。人力资源是可持续开发的资源，人力资源优势是最需培育、最有潜力、最可依靠的优势。我们应该牢固树立人力资源是经济社会发展第一资源的理念，加快形成人力资源优先发展的战略布局。要优先调整人力资源结构，优先投资人力资源开发，创新人力资源制度，建立政府、社会、用人单位、个人共同投资人力资源开发机制，积极谋划和调整人力资源专业结构、层级结构、分布结构，大力激发各类人力资源的创新活力和创造智慧。

First, give priority to human resources development.Human resources development holds the key to people's full participation in economic development and to improvement of conditions for their survival and development.It also provides the basis for sustainable economic development and inclusive growth.Development of human resources can be sustainable.Among all the advantages we are endowed with, the advantage in human resources is the most reliable.It can bring out the greatest potential in us and its development calls for our utmost efforts.We should be committed to the concept that human resources are the number one resources in economic and social development, and should speed up efforts to form strategies that give priority to human resources development.We should focus on readjusting the structures of human resources and investing in human resources development.We should make institutional innovations in human resources development by building a development mechanism that is jointly invested by the government, society, employers and individuals.And we should actively plan for and make readjustments to the professional mix, level and distribution of human resources, so as to boost the innovation power of human resources of all kinds.第二，实施充分就业的发展战略。就业是民生之本，实现社会充分就业是让更多人分享经济社会发展成果的重要途径。我们应该把充分就业作为经济社会发展的优先目标，实施扩大就业的发展战略，最大限度创造劳动者就业和发展机会，努力实现充分就业。要强化政府促进就业的责任，实施更加积极的就业政策，实施相应的财政、金融、产业等方面政策，建设覆盖城乡的公共就业服务体系，健全面向所有困难民众的就业援助长效制度，完善就业与社会保障的联动机制，促进体面劳动，构建和谐劳动关系。

Second, implement the strategy of full employment.Employment is vital to people's livelihood.Full employment in society will enable more people to share the fruits of economic and social development.We should make full employment our priority goal in economic and social development and implement the strategy of expanding employment to maximize employment and development opportunities for workers and ensure full employment for our people.The government should take greater responsibility in employment promotion.We should implement a more proactive employment policy and relevant fiscal, financial and industrial policies and build a public service system for employment that covers both rural and urban areas.We need to improve the long-term employment aid system that is accessible to all people with difficulties, and enhance the interactive mechanism between employment and social security.We also need to promote decent work as well as harmonious labor relations.第三，提高劳动者素质和能力。提高劳动者素质，使经济发展真正走上主要依靠科技进步、劳动者素质提高、管理创新的轨道，是实现人的全面发展的必然要求，也是推动经济社会发展的重要保证。转变经济发展方式，推动经济结构优化升级，促进经济社会协调发展，对劳动者素质提出了更高要求。我们应该引导广大劳动者提高思想道德素质和科学文化素质，提高劳动能力和劳动水平，努力掌握新知识、新技能、新本领，成为适应新形势下经济社会发展要求的高素质劳动者。要主动与经济发展方式转变和经济结构优化升级相适应，建立健全面向全体劳动者的职业技能培训制度，形成有利于劳动者学习成才的引导机制、培训机制、评价机制、激励机制，全面提高劳动者职业素质和技能水平。要充分发挥教育在提高劳动者素质和能力中的重要作用，按照建设学习型社会和实施终身教育的要求，优先发展教育，提高教育现代化水平，坚持教育的公益性和普惠性，保障公民依法享有受教育的权利，努力培养造就高素质劳动者、专门人才和拔尖创新人才。

Third, improve the quality and capacity of our workers.We need to improve the quality of workers and make sure that economic growth is truly driven by scientific and technological advancement, improvement of workers' quality and innovation in management.This meets the need for people's all-round development and provides a major guarantee for economic and social development.We need to improve the quality of our workers to promote transformation of the economic growth pattern, economic restructuring and upgrading and harmonious growth between the economy and society.We should offer proper guidance to our workers so that they will improve their moral and educational background, raise their working capacity, obtain new knowledge, skills and know-how and become high-quality workers to meet the needs of economic and social development in the new era.We should take steps to adapt to changes in economic growth pattern and improvement of economic structures, and build and improve a vocational training system accessible to all workers and formulate a guiding system, training system, evaluation system and incentive system to help our workers improve their professional and technical skills in an all-round manner.It is important to bring into full play the role of education in improving the quality and capacity of workers.To achieve the goal of building a study-oriented society and realizing life-long education, we need to give priority to education, make it more modernized, and ensure its non-profit and universal nature.We should protect our citizens' right to education as provided for by law and work hard to nurture high-quality workers, professional talents and leading creative talents.第四，构建可持续发展的社会保障体系。完善的社会保障体系是经济社会发展的重要保障，也是社会和谐稳定的安全网。我们应该在经济发展的基础上建立覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系，坚持广覆盖、保基本、多层次、可持续，加强社会保险、社会救助、社会福利的衔接和协调，不断提高社会保障水平。要加大公共财政的社会保障投入，扩大各类社会保险覆盖面，健全社会救助体系，发展社会福利事业和慈善事业，不断在全体人民学有所教、劳有所得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居上取得新成效。

Fourth, build a social security system that ensures sustainable development.A sound social security system is a major guarantee for economic and social development;it also provides a safety net for social harmony and stability.On the basis of economic development, we should build a social security system covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure its coverage is broad, basic, multi-tiered and sustainable.We should better coordinate social insurance, social assistance and social welfare, and raise the level of social security steadily.We should vigorously increase social security input in government budget, expand the coverage of social insurance, improve the social assistance system, and promote social welfare and charity endeavors so that we will better ensure our people's rights to education, employment, medical and old-age care and housing.务实合作、互利共赢，是实现亚太经合组织各成员共同发展的必由之路。我们要加强经济技术合作，推动区域贸易和投资自由化，缩小成员间发展差距，实现共同繁荣。要加强就业、社会保障等领域交流合作，推动成员政策对话和经验共享。要拓宽人力资源开发合作领域，建设技术合作平台，提升合作水平，重点帮助发展中成员开发人力资源。为推动亚太经合组织人力资源领域合作，中国决定会同各成员启动“亚太经合组织技能开发促进项目”。

Practical and win-win cooperation is essential if we, APEC member economies, are to achieve common development.We should beef up economic and technical cooperation, advance regional trade and investment liberalization, and narrow the development gap among member economies to promote common prosperity.We should work more closely in employment, social security and other fields by promoting policy dialogue and experience sharing.We should broaden our cooperation in human resources development, build platforms for technical cooperation, and raise our cooperation level with the focus on helping developing members in human resources development.To this end, China has decided to launch, together with other APEC member economies, the APEC Skills Development Promotion Project.女士们、先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen，中国是包容性增长的积极倡导者，更是包容性增长的积极实践者。中国强调推动科学发展、促进社会和谐，本身就具有包容性增长的涵义。我们既强调加快转变经济发展方式、保持经济平稳较快发展，又强调坚持把发展经济与改善民生紧密结合起来，以解决人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题为着力点，大力推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设。在应对国际金融危机冲击的过程中，中国提出保增长、保民生、保稳定的方针，实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，既积极推动经济发展、提高经济发展质量，又加大社会领域投入，加强社会保障体系建设，着力解决民生问题。我们清醒地认识到，中国虽然取得了经济社会发展的巨大成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、发展不平衡的基本国情没有改变，经济社会发展面临诸多突出矛盾和挑战。我们将继续按照科学发展的要求，深化改革开放，全面推进经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设以及生态文明建设，促进现代化建设各个环节、各个方面相协调，不断增加社会物质财富、改善人民生活，努力实现经济社会全面协调可持续发展。

China is a strong supporter and follower of inclusive growth, a concept that is consistent with our pursuit of scientific development and social harmony.While speeding up the transformation of economic growth pattern and maintaining stable and relatively fast economic growth, China is committed to integrating economic development with improvement of people's lives.We focus on addressing issues that directly concern people's biggest and most immediate interests, and endeavor to promote social progress designed to improve people's livelihood.In response to the international financial crisis, China has introduced the policy of ensuring economic growth, people's livelihood and stability.We adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy.We vigorously promoted economic development, focusing on improving efficiency, and, at the same time, increased input in social programs, intensifying our efforts to improve the social safety net and address problems concerning people's livelihood.We are keenly aware that despite the significant achievements in economic and social development, China remains the largest developing country in the world.China's basic national conditions, a huge population, weak economic foundation and imbalance in development, remain unchanged, and we face many serious challenges in economic and social development.We will stay committed to scientific development, deepen reform and opening-up, and push forward economic, political, cultural, social and ecological development in an all-round way.We will better coordinate the various links and aspects in our modernization drive, create even more social wealth, and improve people's lives to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable economic and social development.女士们、先生们！

Ladies and Gentlemen，亚太区域合作正面临着前所未有的机遇。亚太经合组织各成员应该携起手来，充分运用亚太经合组织这一合作平台，深化合作，拓展合作，不断朝着持久和平、共同繁荣的目标迈进，不断造福亚太人民和世界各国人民。

Cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region faces unprecedented opportunities of development.We, APEC members, should work together and make the best use of this APEC cooperation platform to deepen and broaden our cooperation.Hand in hand, let's move toward the objective of enduring peace and common prosperity for the benefit of people in the Asia-Pacific and the world at large.祝本次会议取得圆满成功！

I wish this meeting a complete success!

谢谢各位。

Thank you.