什么是艺术-演讲稿中英文[5篇范例]

第一篇：什么是艺术-演讲稿中英文

什么是艺术： What is art?

艺术是什么？也许有许多人会回答：艺术是音乐、美术等等。但我的回答却很简单，艺术是一种美。艺术通常总是十分高雅而不可及的，其实它可以是一首歌、一次展览、一段经历……有艺术的生活就有欢乐，就有美。作为一个初出茅庐的学生要谈艺术，似乎有点过于高调，但鉴于自己对于艺术的热爱不免在这里扯谈一番。艺术，在我们90后的眼中到底是什么？

What is art? Maybe most people will say: art, is music, painting and so on.But my answer is very simple, art is a kind of beauty.Art is usually very elegant and unreachable, in fact it can be a song, a show, an experience......with the artistic life,there is joy, there is beauty.As a fledgling student,it seems to be a little too high-profile to talk about art, but in view of my love for the arts leads me to talk something of art here.What is art in our post 90s eyes?

从中学到大学再到现在的研究生，就我而言学习艺术已经有了一段时日，艺术的一些观念也已经开始有一点点萌芽，但是现在莫名的有些迷茫。我不知道在金钱横冲直转的冲刷下，真正的艺术到底还剩下几成。前一段时间，到一些画室客串了一下。被颜料和碳灰侵染的白墙上贴满了所谓的好画，临近艺考的他们似乎信心百倍。和他们交谈一番后，心中不免有些失落。偌大的潇湘竟是些生产机器的工厂，教育模式完全以考试为目的，看到此景，怎能不让人哀叹神伤。忆想当年，我们湘楚大地盛产文人骚客，不乏一些文艺风范，而现在在他们眼中艺术竟成了应考落地的康庄大道，艺术修养和思维完全被抛掷脑后。这简直是对艺术的一种亵渎。假若不是真心热爱这门学问，又何必学人用此媚雅。艺术本应当是有内心的意念而画，而不是单纯的为了画画而画，艺术本生就是让人在其中享受的过程，并非让艺术来牵着你的鼻子走，那样你只是媚雅途中的一个渺小的奴隶。艺术应当你自己才是主体，要为自己而画。真正的高手能够与每一个观赏者进行心灵交流。

From middle school to university to graduate now, I have been studying art for a long time and begin to have some initial understanding of art, but i feel some inexplicable confused now.I don't know how much the real art will left in this materialistic society.Some time ago, i take a part-time job in a art studio.On the wall which full of pigment and carbon ash full covered by the so-called good painting, the students seemed to be very confident for the coming art exam.But after talk with them, i feel a little loss.In such a huge area like Xiaoxiang, the education modes only focus on the examination, what is the difference between them and the machine factory?When we remind of history, in the same land, it famous for abundant scholars, poets and artists.Compare with what we see now, art only aimed for passing the examination in their eyes, what a pity!It is a desecration of art.If you do not really love art, why you pretend to be artsy-craftsy? Art is coming from your emotion mind and heart experience, it not means you paint only for painting.Art is a process for people to enjoy, not to make them to be slaves on the way to artsy-craftsy.The principle part should be yourself in art processing, you paint for yourself.The real artistcan communicate in soul with each of the visitors.我跟艺术的关系：My relationship with art:

从高中起就在和艺术打交道，现在我想谈谈我跟艺术的关系，艺术，我不知道它这两个字的背后藏着什么样的魔力，以至于我从小对它充满了憧憬。在懵懂时分，我就羡慕那些从事艺术方面的人们，因为从他们的行为举止和谈吐装饰中我发现了生活原来可以不用这么矜持。尽情地张扬自己的个性才是畅快淋漓的生活方式。当我在中学踏入艺术的大门之时，班上的同学都用羡慕的眼光把我叫做艺术生。在他们的瞳孔里，似乎艺术生的艺术天赋都比他们好，他们都想从每一个学画的人那讨几张画来，幻想这以后他们出名后这画可以顿时使自己价值倍增。现在想来这是多么的幼稚好笑。而艺术生在老师眼里好像都是些不羁的学子。成绩不好了便想去寻找这种“旁门左道”。我的入门艺术就是在这样的环境中开始的。就这样一步一步的走到了研究生阶段，有人说一个艺术生科研是为了什么，又有人会问，女孩子上那么久的学、读那么多的书，最终不还是要回一座平凡的城，打一份平凡的工，嫁作人妇，洗衣煮饭，相夫教子，何苦折腾？我想，我们的坚持是为了，就算最终跌入繁琐，洗尽铅华，同样的工作，却有不一样的心境，同样的家庭，却有不一样的情调，同样的后代，却有不一样的素养。

Since high school i begin to received professional training in art.Now I want to say something of my relationship with art.I don't know what kind of magic behind art, made me full of longing since i was a kid.I admire those people who engaged in art, because from their manners and conversation I fell life can not be so restrained.The most carefree lifestyle is to enjoy the publicity of their personality freely.WhenI entered the gate of the art in the middle school, my classmates called me “art students”with envy.In their eyes that seems to be the art students’ talent are better than them.They all want to collect a couple of paintings from every students who is learning painting.They dreamed to earn more money when the painter becomes famous one day.How naive and funny!Meanwhile, in the teachers eyes, most art students seemedunruly.They choose art only because they can not get good test result.I started my art life under such environment and stepped into graduate now.People will ask what does art students research for? Others will doubt, although girls paid more time to study, they will finally come back to the small city, get a normally work, married a normally man, and then do housework just as other common girls without such abundant study experience.In my mind, we stick to what we interest, although in the same work, we will have different spirit, similar family,different sentiment, similar later generations, will have different comprehensive qualities.我的专业方向是视觉传达，我想能在我手下创作出好的设计，能让我于艺术拉的更近，我的理想是当一名平面设计师除了课堂学习外，平时要更多时间自学平面设计，文学素养，美学思维，尤其要把几个主要的平面设计软件弄精通。我要开始有意识地培养自己的创意能力，看有关创意思维的书、学习优秀的平面设计作品，更重要的是我开始从生活中寻找灵感：每做一件事时，我都会联想到是否可以用到我的创作中去。国内平面设计的整体水平不高，我觉得自己还需要更扎实的学习、接触国际水准的平面设计，我要学习国好的作品、好的思想方能获得更大的成功。中外结合是关键。国外的平面设计很发达，因此一定要充分学习他们的技巧，尤其是创意。同时，也不能盲目照搬和模仿，而是要在学习的基础上融会中国的传统文化所以，在中国，最好的作品一定是具有中国传统文化的底蕴。我知道，苦练内功是第一，好的平面设计师需要的是综合的素质，绘画以及会使用电脑软件只是最基础的技能。因此想成为一名优秀的平面设计师，一定要有不断学习的习惯，要有追求创新的原动力。内功还没练到家就追求经济利益和社会影响最多昙花一现，难以取得真正的成就。以前我总觉得任何事情都可以靠后天的努力来弥补，但现在不得不承认天分其实十分重要。好的设计师不仅需要有想法、有创意，还要有高度的概括、总结能力及抽象思维能力，可以迅速归纳出问题的本质。这些不是通过短期的训练可以做到的。有天分：思维活跃、在交流中经常迸出思想的火花，有很多好的idea，时常记录自己的灵感。

My professional direction is the visual communication, I believe i can create many good design, and that will bring me closer and closer with art.My dream is to be a graphic designer.In addition to classroom learning, i will spend more time on self-study.Like graphic design, literary quality, aesthetic thought, especially to master some major graphic design software.I will cultivate my creative thinkingability by readingrelated books and learning good graphic design works.The more important is that I start to find inspiration from daily life.I will think whether can be used to my design when i do something.The domestic design level is not as high as international level.So i should be learn more international good design works and thoughts to improve my own ability to be success.Combination is the key.That means to combine internationals’ skills and thoughts with Chinese traditional culture.So in China, certainly the best work must be full of Chinese traditional culture.I know, the most important is hard skills.A good graphic designer is in need of comprehensive quality, painting and computer software using is only the most basic skills.So if you want to be a good graphic designer, you must have the habit of continuous learning and the motivation to pursue innovation.It must be failed finally if only pursuit economic benefit and social impact without enough hard skills.I used to always feel that anything can be acquired to get in return, but now i has to admit that talent is very important.Good designers not only need to have creative ideas, but also have a high degree of generalization, summarizing ability and abstract thinking ability, the essence can quickly be summarized.All of these can not achieve through short-term training.It needs talent: active thinking, often burst out the spark of thought during conversation, full of good idea and often record their inspiration.没有人说努力就会成功，但总有人说：不努力就会平凡。我想，大概努力没有什么了不起，努力是正常的生活状态。许多努力的终点，就是好好地——平凡。也许，大多努力，不过是帮助我们把平凡的日子，过得稍微顺畅舒心一点。让我们，做个更好的——普通人。这几年在与艺术的接触中，从中学，大学，在到研究生，我并没有成为什么“艺术大师”也并没有对人生对生活有着什么样的独特见解，我只是想让自己坚持当初拿起画笔那一刻心中的梦想，让我今后的人生有所追求，追求一种艺术的生活。我爱艺术，这话说起来冠冕堂皇，却是发自我内心的真实想法，因为艺术我能成为一名研究生，也是因为艺术我能与他人拥有不一样的生活，也是因为艺术，我认识了一群好朋友，他们与我有着相似的生活，经历，追求，这就使得我们有更多的话题可以聊，使得我们有了更深厚的友谊！

No one said that efforts will be successful, but always some people say that no effort will be ordinary.I think, efforts are normal living condition.Many efforts just for ordinary in the end.Perhaps, most effortshelp us to live a better and more comfortable life.Let’s become a better ordinary person.During the dealing with art from high school, university to graduate, I did not become Art Master yet, and also did not have any kind of unique understanding of life.I just want to insist on the initial dream once i picked up the paintbrush and make my life have a pursuit of art.I love art, it is my heart true thoughts.I can become a graduate student because of art, and also because of art I can have a different life with others.In the meantime, i made a group of good friends because of it, they have similar life experiences and pursuit with me, which makes us have more to talk about and keep our profound friendship!

艺术给了我一段不一样的人生，感谢艺术！

Art has given me a different life, thanks to art!

第二篇：中英文演讲稿

中英文演讲稿

Lovely students and your parents, Good afternoon!As an English teacher in the Distance Education, it’s my great honor to be here today to share my English-learning experience with you.At first, I want to say that the basic attitude towards English-learning should be right.Since English is a language, which can not be learned well in a short period of time, it needs your patience and persistence.I hope you never give up!Secondly, believe yourself!Just believe you can do it!You guys can learn Chinese so well although it’s one of the most difficult languages in the world.You are clever enough to learn English, which is made up of only 26 letters.Dare to talk in English, no matter how many mistakes you will make.Don’t be afraid of making mistakes, just like your learning how to walk.Finally, put down your mother’s cellphone, don’t look up the unfamiliar words while you are reading or doing homework, just following your feel to train your language sense.Leave the unfamiliar words after you finished all your homework.Look them up and write down their usage in your personal notebook.This really helps to enlarge your vocabulary.OK, that’s all I want to say, thank you for your attention!

尊敬的各位家长，可爱的同学们：

大家下午好！我是你们已经知道或者并不知道的秦翠，作为远方教育红安总校的一名英语老师，今天非常高兴同时也很荣幸的站在这里和大家一起分享英语学习的个人拙见。

首先，我想说的是沉住气，摆好心态，因为语言的学习从来不可能一蹴而就，英语也不例外，学好它需要的是你的坚持不懈。那么，是不是说我们就学不好英语，是不是就认定英语很难呢？在这之前，我想问大家几个问题：第一，你们说汉语说了多少年了？有没有人觉得平时跟你们家人、朋友、同学说话是一件很困难的事？没有吧！第二，汉字有几种结构？有多少个偏旁部首？它有上下结构，左右结构，半包围和全包围结构，还有无数个偏旁部首，对不对？那么，大家知不知道你们用得如此得心应手的汉语其实是世界上最难的语言之一，这么难的东西你们可以学的这么好，为什么没有信心学好只有只有26个字母的英语呢？你们当中随便一个人丢到国外去，不出一年就可以说一口流利的外语，为什么？因为有一个语言的大环境。不知道在座的很多上课不开口下课更不开口的学生们你们听出了什么？请你们张开金口，说英语，大声的说，不怕出错不怕出丑，谁不是摔了无数次才学会走路的？难道你们要因为怕摔而不学走路被爸妈抱到几十岁过一辈子吗？这个丑就更大了哦！所以，同学们，相信自己可以，你就可以！

然后，我想问一下在座的各位同学有多少是一边做题一边查生词？如果你们觉得这样可以学到东西，不好意思，大错特错！这样只会让你们的时间付出得没有任何价值。不管你在做题的时候碰到多少生词，麻烦大家忍住，不要去查，就凭着感觉做，时间长了，随便一个题目给你，一读答案就出来了，这就是传说中的语感！那是不是说生词不用查呢？当然要查，但是是在你做完所有的题目以后再去查，而且是用词典不是用妈妈的手机，而且的而且，你要有一个专用的单词本作为课外词汇的拓展资料。我就不信，这样坚持一两年你会学不好英语？

今天要说的就是这些，希望对大家有所帮助。最后祝同学们学习进步，每天开心！家长们心想事成，万事如意！谢谢大家！

第三篇：中英文演讲稿的格式

1)开始时对听众的称呼语 最常用的是 Ladies and gentlemen，也可根据不同情况，选用 Fellow students, Distinguished guests, Mr Chairman, Honorable Judges(评委)等等。

2)提出论题 由于演讲的时间限制，必须开门见山，提出论题。提出论题的方法有各种各样，但最生动，最能引起注意的是用举例法。比如：你要呼吁大家关心贫穷地区的孩子，你可以用亲眼看到的或者收集到的那些贫穷孩子多么需要帮助的实例开始。另外，用具体的统计数据也是一个有效的引出论题的方法，比如：你要谈遵守交通规则的话题，你可以从举一系列有关车辆、车祸等的数据开始。

3)论证 对提出的论题，不可主观地妄下结论，而要进行客观的论证。这是演讲中最需要下功夫的部分。关键是要把道理讲清楚。常见的论证方法有举例法、因果法、对比法等等，可参见英语议论文的有关章节。

4)结论 结论要简明扼要(以给听众留下深刻印象。

5)结尾 结尾要简洁，不要拉拉扯扯，说个没完。特别是不要受汉语影响，说些类似“准备不足，请谅解”，“请批评指正”这样的废话。最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your attention

式： 1.顶格写称谓语(如：亲爱的老师)

2.下一行空两格写问候(如：大家好)

3.正文 4.结尾(如：谢谢大家)

写法：

1、内容上的现实性

演讲稿是为了说明一定的观点和态度的。这个观点和态度一定要与现实生活紧密相关。它讨论的应该是现实生活中存在的并为人们所关心的问题。它的观点要来自身边的生活或学习，材料也是如此。它得是真实可信，是为了解决身边的问题而提出和讨论的。

2、情感上的说服性

演讲的目的和作用就在于打动听众，使听者对讲话者的观点或态度产生认可或同情。演讲稿作为这种具有特定目的的讲话稿，一定要具有说服力和感染力。很多著名的政治家都是很好的演讲者，他们往往借肋于自己出色的演讲，为自己的政治斗争铺路。

3、特定情景性

演讲稿是为演讲服务的，不同的演讲有不同的目的、情绪，有不同的场合和不同的听众，这些构成演讲的情景，演讲稿的写作要与这些特定情景相适应。

4、口语化

演讲稿的最终目的是用于讲话，所以，它是有声语言，是书面化的口语。因此，演讲稿要“上口”、“入耳”，它一方面是把口头语言变为书面语言，即化声音为文字，起到规范文字、有助演讲的作用;另一方面，演讲稿要把较为正规严肃的书面语言转化为易听易明的口语，以便演讲。同时，演讲稿的语言应适应演讲人的讲话习惯，同演讲者的自然讲话节奏一致。

演讲稿对于演讲都有哪些作用呢?主要体现在以下几方面：(1)整理演讲者的思路、提示演讲的内容、限定演讲的速度;(2)引导听众，使听众能更好地理解演讲的内容;(3)通过对语言的推究提高语言的表现力，增强语言的感染力。

由于演讲稿具有以上的特征和作用，它在写作方法上也有一定方法可循。

第四篇：亚太经济演讲稿中英文

首先，感谢东亚研究所邀请我出席这个各界知名人士和专家学者聚集一堂的论坛。

东亚研究所对中国经济、社会和政治发展的独立与严谨研究，让它成为一个重要和卓有声誉的研究中心。王赓武教授所提到，自吴庆瑞博士担任研究所前身所长时便贯彻研究工作的精神，也让我印象深刻——尝试了解中国与其面对挑战的复杂性的谦逊精神。我们应该以同样的精神来观察中国未来的走向。

中国的发展对世界有重大影响。王教授刚才谈到了美国和中国即将出现的领导人更换。我相信在11月8日发生的事，会比在11月6日发生的事来得重要。

世界现在比以往更依赖中国及其成功的经济转型；也更依赖中国的需求、中国作为投资来源、以及依赖中国来加强世界不同经济区域的互补性。最后，世界也更依赖中国来保持一个稳定的国际秩序。

中国正经历两个主要转捩点，或者更准确的说，是―拐点‖（inflextion points）。首先，是其经济的结构和驱动力；其次，是它对世界的影响力及领导世界的角色。在国内经济转型与在世界舞台所扮演角色的转变，中国皆面对重大转折点。

从剩余劳动力到劳动力萎缩

首先，在国内经济转型上，中国经济正从―旧常态‖过渡到―新常态‖。―旧常态‖着重于资本累积，国有企业扮演主导角色，是个家庭变相津贴生产者的体系。现在，它正逐步转移到一个更具竞争力、更依赖消费为成长驱动力、及更注重资本效益的―新常态‖。简而言之，是从注重资本累积转变为注重资本效益的模式。然而，这些改变要通过整体的复杂体制改革才能实现。

利用成长会计（growth accounting）来分析中国增长的经济学家，对中国过去30年的崛起已有很好的了解。使用的估计方式虽然不同，但一些基本的结论却很清楚。

首先，大规模从低生产力农业转移到产业和其他城市化活动的劳动力，给经济增长带来巨大贡献。这是30年来增长的主要来源，就像日本、韩国和台湾早几十年前，和欧洲在二战前与二战后的情况一样。

其次，在工业化过程起步慢让中国得到不少优势，可以很快地跟上全球最佳实践经验。从世界各地注入的科技和点子，是促进增长的动力，让中国的―全要素生产力‖（Total Factor Productivity）取得非比寻常的快速增长。

第三，中国是享有优势，但也只是在有限期间——经济自由化的头20年——以人口来看。在过去10年放缓前，它每年取得3％的快速劳动力增长。整体的劳动力增长，加速了劳动力从很低生产力活动转移到中等生产力及生产力更高的活动。

劳动力过剩的阶段就快过去了。中国沿岸省份在经济发展上肯定已到了经济学家所说的路易斯转捩点（Lewisian turning point）:它们再也享受不到廉价外来民工，而工资也急剧上升。中部和东北部省份还没有到达这个阶段。但大概不出10年，整个中国将发现依赖廉价劳工再也不是其工业竞争力和增长的基础。

此外，从一两年后开始，按绝对价值计算，中国的整体劳动力将在接下来数十年逐渐萎缩。同日本、韩国与台湾的发展经验比较，中国比它们更早来到这个阶段。

中国目前的人均收入，大概是日本1980年及韩国和台湾约1990年的水平。这些经济体在达到中国今天的人均收入水平后，劳动力还持续增长了10到20年。日本的人口正在萎缩，但台湾和韩国的劳动力仍有小增长，就像新加坡和香港。中国即将经历的劳动力萎缩将是独特的，因为它仍是个发展中国家。这也同诸如印度等发展中国家不一样，印度的劳动力在未来10年甚至是更长的时间里，将持续显著增长。

这对中国来说不一定是不利的。但却意味着必须更重视资本的有效利用，和提高每个经济领域的生产力。为年长者建立一个健全的社会安全网也变成一项紧迫的工作。

中国有提高生产力的巨大空间，这是我们对中国增长前景应该保持乐观的基本原因。中国的生产力只是美国的约15％－18％，或亚洲新兴工业化经济体的平均约25％，有不少空间来追上——透过新科技、新点子和国内经济更有效的资源分配。同日本及新兴工业化经济体比较，中国劳工的人均资本存量（capital stock per worker）也还处于低水平，有大量的空间提高生产力和收入。

人力资源发展：从数量到质量

这需要经济和社会领域策略的改变，并为重要的国内改革增添动力。首先，在人力资源上，中国正从讲究数量过渡到重视素质。在提供普遍的基本和中学后教育，中国是个成功的例子，尤其是同印度和其他大多数巨大的发展中区域相比。

但其教育体系质量参差不齐。就像世界银行所指出，寻求教育质量的平等，比寻求教育机会的平等，是中国教育制度未来更大的挑战。

确保毕业生受雇也是个棘手问题。中国培养了许多毕业生。中长期来说，毕业生可能供过于求。从数据来看，没有受雇的年轻毕业生超过9％，尤其是美术和数学系的毕业生。对理论过于注重，对同市场相关的技能不够重视是个问题。

更开放的经济

第二项挑战是通过贸易和投资，维持并加快中国经济的开放度。这在全球重新平衡的讨论中并没有受到足够的关注。我们在谈论美国减少经常项目赤字及中国减少盈余时，解决方案不应该是中国把焦点放在内需，也就是从出口导向转为促进内需。更关键的增长解决方案是加速全球化，进一步开放贸易。按中国的情况并考虑到其发展阶段，若我们要减少盈余，增加进口是比减少出口更好的方法。

这是重要的，因为我们的考虑必须超越整体的不平衡。中国及东亚发展的动力，来自投入世界最先进市场所引入的点子和科技。符合最先进市场买家指定需求的外国直接投资及出口，是经济发展的主要动力。

以像中国这样平均生产力仍然偏低的国家来说，优先考量应该依旧是通过双向的外贸和投资，尽量输入点子、最佳实践经验及科技。开放对长期增长很重要。出口和入口总流量的增长——也同样或甚至比贸易逆差更重要。

过渡到以市场为根本的融资

要更有效的使用资本，中国的第三个挑战，是在经济市场化取得进展。不论是以任何对比分析来看，中国都是从计划经济过渡到市场经济的明显成功例子。和其他新兴区域不同，中国自70年代末开始，便几乎每五年就提出并坚持新的改革。在实行上虽然取得不同程度的成功，但它每五年便有重大的经济改革——印度、俄罗斯及其他大新兴经济体如巴西都没有这样做。

尽管增长有许多不符合效益的地方，中国的国有企业在市场经济的转型上，表现远比俄罗斯寡头出色。严重的不平衡存在，但这是没有导致重大混乱的增长故事，本身已是一项成就。

中国经济要进一步市场化，作为更有效率和平衡经济的基础，并改善家庭的福利，还得在未来进行重大改革。

在未来五年甚至是更长的时间里，中国把重点放在这些改革。改革由国有企业开始。中国必须摆脱受到―指示‖的投资，反映投资的真正成本，来激励国有企业以真实的盈利率为决策的基础。与这相关的还有许多改变——股利政策改革、法律和会计上的改变及规制改革。

市场化的另一个重要领域是金融界。中国希望建立更具竞争力、更健全及更多元化的金融领域，来补助发展更平衡及由生产力驱动的经济增长的努力。金融领域改革有五个紧密相连的因素——它们之间的关系显示了金融领域改革的复杂性。

首先是把信贷制度从非正式的方式往正式的方式转移，前者是对金融稳定的威胁。这包括让正式信贷制度扮演更重要的角色，让国有企业以外的私企和家庭也可以受惠，尤其是更方便中小企业向银行借贷。银行从受指示的借贷转移到以盈利驱动的借贷过程中，必须建立有力的风险管理机制。

第二是发展资本市场，包括股票和债券市场，让金融系统更多元化，不过度依赖银行信贷。像中国这么大的转型经济体，有效管理资本市场是项重大挑战。市场必须逐渐由经济基本面驱动，而不只是投机情绪。如果成功了，资本市场可以反映筹集资金的真正成本，为大型企业提供有益的纪律。

第三是把利率市场化。中国人民银行采取了重要的措施，有秩序地过渡到由市场力量决定的利率。这可以让家庭和个人的储蓄赚取更高利息，也让借贷者更清楚实际的借贷成本。

第四是汇率。我相信，在接下来的5年－10年里，中国及大部分东亚地区逐步提高名义和实际汇率是有利的。为什么呢？因为这同把国内生产结构往高增值方向提升是一致的，尤其是在激励国内消费的中国。这同让汇率自由浮动以对短期资本流作出反应的呼吁是不同的。这样做是不明智的，也没有适当的经济理由。中长期逐步提高实际汇率可以帮助支持国内经济转型，对中国是有利的。与其让国内的通胀增速比世界其他地方快，倒不如提高实际汇率。

第五是持续逐步开放资本账户，鼓励双向投资。这也应该是渐进的以免造成金融体系的不稳定，但它是接下来5年－10年的重点考虑。

这五个改革元素缺一不可，也必须以同样的速度进行，尤其是不可能让对外开放的步伐远远超过国内改革的速度而不影响金融稳定。以过去五年来看，我得说中国把这极端复杂和平衡的工作处理得很好。然而，这过程中会有赢家和输家，既得利益也会抗拒未来的改变。这显示为什么经济改革是项艰巨的政治工作，既需要技巧，也需要政治决心。

从―供应震撼‖到―需求震撼‖

现在，让我谈谈中国对世界的影响力及领导世界的角色。

我们知道中国未来会是个重要需求来源。发达世界将经历长时间的去杠杆化，增长也因此可能低于潜能。另外一个考虑中国角色的方式是，中国在过去30年给世界经济带来了经济学家所称的巨大―供应震撼‖，未来却不只是―供应震撼‖，还会是个―需求震撼‖。

―供应震撼‖是因为数目庞大的廉价但相对有效率的工人进入了全球市场体制。当工资日益增高及中国中产阶级消费快速增长时，便会为全球的生产者提供一个主要的新最终需求来源。在中国继续开放其经济的同时，这个―需求震撼‖的规模会很大。

但―供应震撼‖却还没有过去，而是改变了方式。中国正向价值链上游攀升，以往在价值曲线非常低端的―需求震撼‖，正转向中等水平工作，甚至一些如研发领域的高水平工作。因此，一系列的中产阶级工作，包括生产和其他白领行业，现在将面对竞争。发达经济体及亚洲新兴工业化经济体的中等水平工作，将面对来自中国的竞争。这是中国对全球劳动力市场冲击的重大改变，虽然它也为世界提供了需求。

中国经济演化的同时，会给其他发展中经济体的其他低成本、劳工密集生产者带来许多机会。正如经济学家林毅夫在最近的一篇文章指出，中国一小部分劳工密集制造业向海外转移，就会给这些发展中国家带来巨大好处。比如，如果1％的中国成衣业转移到非洲，非洲国家的成衣出口将猛增50％。中国工资的上扬，将导致亚洲和其他发展中区域新的劳动分工。

全球领导能发挥作用吗？

然而，中国同全球关系的―拐点‖不限于经济，也关系到它在维持稳定国际秩序的角色与责任。我们正进入全球领导的独特阶段。这不是突然的改变，而是趋向一个新局势的渐进发展。它很可能是个多极化的世界，并出现一个仍然是发展中国家的全球领袖。中国经济发展意味着它必须在共同领导世界上扮演重要角色。中国已成为世界第二大经济体，并将在数年后成为世界最大经济体。然而，就人均收入而言，它并不是个富裕的国家。以发达国家水平来看，其大部分人口很可能继续处于贫穷状况。这是前所未有的情况。

中国上一次在经济、政治和军事上达到高峰，是在明朝末期。据经济历史学家安格斯·麦迪森（Angus Maddison）估计，中国1500年的国内生产总值（GDP）约占全球GDP的四分之一。但那是世界经济还没有全球化的时代，中国也选择不主导世界。

作为大部分人口仍不富裕的发展中国家，中国登上世界舞台扮演举足轻重的角色，对有效的全球领导有什么意义呢？这对提供全球公共品来说尤为重要：维持自由与开放的贸易及稳定的国际货币与金融体系——或经济公共品；维持世界安全与确保核不扩散——或战略公共品；维持干净的全球环境和缓解气候变化——或环境公共品。

这是专家学者进行研究的重要领域。

中国已经是全球经济和金融领域中一把重要的声音。它不光是国际货币基金组织（IMF）的第三大份额国和一个主要的资源贡献者，在布雷顿森林（Bretton Woods）体系也占据主要职位——著名经济学家林毅夫四年前成为世界银行首席经济学家，其任期今年较早时届满；中国人民银行前副行长朱民在去年中出任IMF副总干事。这些多边机制的管理必须继续演变，以反映新全球现实，包括中国与其他新兴市场新增的实力。此外，这也让我们可以建立更大的决心和能力，应对相互联系的全球经济的挑战。

不过，中国的经济特质，特别是它的人均收入不高，以及它仍面对显著的内部失衡问题，必将影响它如何扮演全球领导的角色。面对全球课题时，它可能非常关注课题如何影响其国内脆弱性和国家所面对的挑战。

然而，在这个新的阶段，我们还是有更多的理由保持乐观而不是感到悲观。首先，中国有进行国内经济改革的决心。其次，中国对其悠久的历史和文化有信心，包括源自根深蒂固的社会和谐发展原则的信心。这种对自身文化的信心，可以转化为发展软实力的资产。第三，中国一直强调它将选择和平崛起。

这三个因素增加了中国在多极化全球体制扮演正面和负责任角色的可能性。一个强大但依然支持开放的经济和金融秩序、和平、稳定及国际法治的中国，将在未来数十年为一个更美好的世界作出重大贡献。

世界期望中国成功克服双重挑战。既完成内部改革，也适应作为全球领导者所须挑起的责任。世界这么依赖单个国家能否成功适应作为全球领导者的要求和责任，以及这么依赖这个国家能否在经济和政治领导舞台上成功被接纳，是前所未有的。

叶琦保译

（以下为英文原文：）

China’s two turning points: how they will shape a new

global future Transcript of Keynote Address by Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance Tharman Shanmugaratnam at the Public Forum to Commemorate the East Asia Institute’s 15th Anniversary, 24 October 2012, 9am at Regent Hotel

Prof Wang Gungwu，Prof Zheng Yongnian，Prof John Wong，Distinguished speakers and guests，1.First of all, thank you for giving me the opportunity of being here at this illustrious gathering of dignitaries and scholars.2.The East Asian Institute has established itself as a leading and well reputed centre, for independent and robust research on economic, social and political developments in China.I have been struck too by the spirit which Prof Wang Gungwu mentioned as having instructed such research from the days of Dr Goh Keng Swee at the EAI‘s predecessor institutions – that spirit of humility in seeking to understand China and the immense complexity of the challenges it faces.It is the same spirit that should inform us as we observe China going forward.3.What happens in China is going to matter a lot to all of us, in the rest of the world.Prof Wang was just talking about the impending leadership changes in the United States and in China.I suspect that what happens on November 8 is going to matter more than what happens on November 6.4.The world is more dependent than ever on China and its successful economic transformation.More dependent on Chinese demand, more dependent on China as a source of investment and more dependent on China to strengthen the complementarity between different economic regions in the world.Finally, more dependent than ever on China to preserve a stable international order.5.China is going through two major turning points, or to be more precise, inflexion points.First, in the structure and drivers of its economy;and second, with respect to its impact on the world and role in global leadership.In both these regards, its domestic economic transformation and the evolution of its role in the global stage, China is going through major inflexion points.From surplus labour to a declining labour force

6.Let me make some observations on each of these two inflexion points.First, with regards to its domestic economic transformation.China is in the process of transition from the ‗old normal‘ to a ‗new normal‘ in its economy.The old normal was focused on capital accumulation, with a dominant role for the state-owned sector, and a system where households implicitly subsidise producers.It is now moving, in steps, to a new normal based on greater competition, greater reliance on consumption as a driver of growth and a much greater focus on capital efficiency.In short, it is a shift from a model that is focused on capital accumulation to one focused on capital efficiency.However, these changes can only come about through a whole set of complex institutional reforms.7.China‘s rise in the last three decades is now well-understood amongst economists who use ‗growth accounting‘ to decompose its growth.Although the technical estimates vary, some basic conclusions come through very clearly.First, there has been a massive contribution to economic growth arising from the large scale transfer of labour from low productivity agriculture to industries and other urbanised activities.That has been the major contributor to growth over the three decades, just like it was in Japan, Korea and Taiwan a few decades earlier and in Europe before and after the war.8.Second, there has been considerable advantage in China having started off later in the process of industrialisation, and being able to catch up quickly with global best practices.The infusion of technology and ideas from the rest of the world has been a motive force for growth.It has contributed China‘s unusually rapid increases in Total Factor Productivity.9.Third, China has been advantaged but only for a limited periodby demographics.It had rapid labour force growth of about three per cent per year, before that slowed down over the last decade.Overall labour force growth compounded the shift of labour from very low productivity activities into middle and now increasingly into higher productivity activities.10.The phase of surplus labour is fast being exhausted.Certainly the coastal provinces in China have reached what economists call the ‗Lewisian turning point‘ in economic development: they no longer have access to cheap migrant labour, and wages are going up very rapidly.The central and northeastern provinces have not reached that point yet.But it is a finite number of years, probably no more than a decade, before China as a whole will find that reliance on low cost labour is no longer its basis for industrial competitiveness and growth.11.Importantly too, China will see its overall labour force gradually decline in absolute terms over the next few decades, starting a year or two from now.It has reached that stage earlier than Japan, Korea and Taiwan did in their own development experience.12.China‘s per capita income today is around the level in Japan in 1980, Korea and Taiwan around 1990.These economies saw continued labour force growth for a couple of decades, one to two decades, after that period.Japan is now in a stage of population decline, but Taiwan and Korea continue to see small growth in their labour forces just like Singapore and Hong Kong.China‘s coming experience of decline in its labour force will be unique in that it is still developing.It is also very different in this regard from other emerging countries like India which continued to see very significant growth in their labour forces in the next decade and beyond.13.This is not necessarily a disadvantage for China.But it is does require a much greater emphasis on efficiency in the use of capital, and on raising productivity in every sector of the economy.It also gives urgency to the task of developing a robust social security system for the old.14.There is indeed significant scope in China for productivity growth, and that is the basic reason why one should have optimism in the China‘s growth prospects.The level of productivity is roughly 15 to 18 per cent of that in the United States, or about 25 per cent that in the Asian NIEs on average.So there is still tremendous room for catch up – new technologies, new ideas, more efficient allocation of resources within its domestic economy.The level of capital stock per worker is also still low compared to Japan and the NIEs.Great scope ahead for improving productivity and incomes.Human capital development : from quantity to quality

15.This will involve changes in economic and social sector strategies, and adding momentum to important domestic reforms.First, with regard to human capital.China is shifting from a focus on quantity to quality.China has been a success story in providing widespread basic education and post-secondary education, especially compared to India and most other large developing regions.16.But there are wide disparities in quality in the Chinese education system.As the World Bank puts it, equality of quality is a major challenge in Chinese education, more than equality of access.This is a major challenge going forward.17.There is also the challenge of ensuring employability of graduates.China is producing many more graduates.It may have even have overdone the supply of graduates in the short to medium term.This is why when you look at the unemployment numbers, over nine per cent of young graduates are unemployed in China, and much more so in disciplines such as fine arts and Mathematics.There is an over-emphasis on theory, and under-emphasis on skills relevant to the marketplace.More openness, not less

18.The second challenge is to retain and intensify the shift to openness of the Chinese economy, through trade and investment.This is not given enough attention in the debate on global re-balancing.When we think about the United States reducing its current account deficits and China reducing its surpluses, the solution should not be for China to focus on domestic demand per se, in other words to shift from an export orientation to a domestic market orientation.The more critical growth solution is to intensify globalisation, by opening up one‘s economy even more to trade.In China‘s context and given its development stage, if we want to reduce surpluses there is more merit to increasing imports than to reducing exports.19.This is important because we have to look beyond overall imbalances.The motive force for China‘s development, and indeed East Asia‘s development, has been the influx of ideas and technology that comes from inserting yourself in the most advanced markets in the world.Foreign direct investment as well as exports that meet the specifications of buyers in the most advanced markets is a major motive force in economic development.For a country like China whose productivity level on average is still low, the priority should remain to maximise the import of ideas, best practices and technologies through foreign trade and investments, flowing in both directions.Openness matters greatly to long term growth.And the growth in gross flows of exports and imports respectivelyunlike India, Russia and other major emerging economies like Brazil.China‘s state-owned enterprises, for all the inefficiencies associated with their growth, have done a far better job in the transition to a market economy than for example the oligarchs in Russia.Severe imbalances exist, but this has been a story of growth without major disruption.That is an achievement.21.But there are important reforms ahead in achieving further marketisation of the economy, as the basis for a more efficient and balanced economy, and to improve the welfare of households.22.China is placing much importance in these reforms in the next five years and beyond.These start with the state-owned enterprises themselves.China has to move away from ‗directed‘ investments, and to impose the true cost of capital on their investments so as to motivate decisions that are grounded on true profitability.Many related changes are associated with this shift – dividend policy reforms, legal and accounting changes, regulatory reforms.23.A further important area of marketisation concerns the financial sector.China hopes to move towards a more competitive, robust and diversified financial sector, to complement the move towards a more balanced economy and productivity-driven economic growth.There are five elements in the financial reforms that are very closely related togetheror environmental public goods.37.This is a very important field of study for scholars.38.China is already a significant voice in the global economic and financial world.It is the IMF's third largest shareholder and a major contributor to its resources.It holds key management positions in the Bretton Woods institutions-Justin Lin just stepped down from his four-year term as chief economist of World Bank;Zhu Min, former Deputy Governor of People's Bank of China took on the role of Deputy Managing Director of the IMF in middle last year.The governance of these multi-lateral institutions will have to continue to evolve to reflect the new global realities, including the increased weight of China and other emerging markets.It will continue to evolve also so that we develop stronger resolve and capacity for tackling the challenges of an interconnected global economy.39.However, China's economic characteristics especially the fact that its per capita income is not high, and the significant domestic imbalances it still faces, will surely influence the way it plays its role in global leadership.China can be expected to approach global issues with a sharp eye on their implication for domestic vulnerabilities and challenges.40.But there are more reasons for optimism than pessimism in this new phase.First, because of China's resolve to pursue domestic economic reforms.Second, because of China‘s confidence in its long history and culture, including the confidence gained from deeply rooted precepts of harmonious development of society.This confidence in its own culture can be turned into an asset as China seeks to project soft power.Thirdly, because China has consistently emphasised that it will choose the path of peaceful development.41.These three factors increase the odds of China playing a positive and responsible role within a multipolar global system.A strong China that remains committed to an open economic and financial order, remains committed to peace, stability and international rule of law will make a major contribution to a better world in the decades to come.The world looks forward to China's successfully navigating its dual challenge of domestic reforms and adapting to responsibilities as part of global leadership.Never before has so much been dependent on the successful adaptation of a single country to the needs and responsibilities of a global leadership, and so much dependent on the successful accommodation of that country on the stage of economic and political leadership.

第五篇：演讲稿,中英文-战略思维

所谓的战略思维，就是关于实践活动的全局性思维，其根本特征是正确处理实践活动中各方面、各阶段之间的关系，以达到全局的最佳效果。在工作中，我们是业务绩效的主导者；在生活中，我们是家庭重要组成者，无论是成为一名总览大局的领导者还是实际的执行者，都应该拥有自身的战略思维能力，如何培养战略思维能力，成为拥有战略思维能力的个体显得尤为重要，那么一是独立性：思维能力强的人必定是善于独立思考的人。即使请教别人、查阅资料，也是以独立思考为前提的。二是灵活性与敏捷性：对事物反映迅速而且灵活，不墨守成规，能较快地认识、解决问题。三是逻辑性：思考问题严密而且科学，不穿凿附会，不支离破碎，得出的结论有充足的理由和证据，前因后果思路清晰。四是全面性：看问题不片面，能从不同角度整体地看待事物。五是创造性：对问题能提出创造性见解，想到别人想不到方面。只有具备较高的战略思维能力,才能正确处理战略目标、战略布局、战略重点、战略步骤、战略保障、战略转变等一系列事关全局的战略问题,才能有正确的战略规划和战略行动,才能驾驭全局取得事业的成功和可持续发展

So-called strategic thinking, it is about the practice of holistic thinking, its basic characteristics is the correct practice in all aspects, the relationship between each stage, in order to achieve global optimal results.At work, we are the leader of the business performance;In life, we are family is an important person, whether to be a leader in an overview the big picture or the executor of the practical, should have its own strategic thinking ability, how to train the ability of strategic thinking, it is particularly important to become more strategic thinking ability of the individual, so it is a independence: thinking ability of the person must be good at independent thinking person.Even consult others, data access, on the premise of independent thinking.Second, flexibility and agility: to reflect the rapid and flexible, things not hidebound, can quickly recognize and solve the problem.Are three logical: strict and scientific, not forced analogy, not broken, the conclusion there are plenty of reasons and evidence, the cause and clarity.Four is a comprehensive: can see problems not one-sided, overall to look at things from different angles.Five is creative, can come up with creative ideas to the problem, think about other people think.Only high strategic thinking ability, can properly handle the strategic target, strategic layout, strategic focus, strategic steps, strategic security, strategic shift and a series of global strategy is concerned, to have the correct strategic planning and strategic action, to manage global business success and sustainable development