第一篇：短文两篇名人自传
短文两篇名人自传
选自《集外集拾遗补编》（《鲁迅全集》第8卷，人民文学出版社1981年版）。本文写于1934年3．4月间。
鲁迅鲁迅，以1881年生于浙江之绍兴城内姓周的一个大家族里。父亲是秀才；母亲姓鲁，乡下人，她以自修到能看文学作品的程度。家里原有祖遗的四五十亩田，但在父亲死掉之前，已经卖完了。这时我大约十三四岁，但还勉强读了三四年多的中国书。
因为没有钱，就得寻不用学费的学校，于是去到南京，住了大半年，考进了水师学堂。不久，分在管轮班，我想，那就上不了舱面了，便走出，又考进了矿路学堂，在那里毕业，被送往日本留学。但我又变计，改而学医，学了两年，又变计，要弄文学了。于是看些文学书，一面翻译，也作些论文，设法在刊物上发表。直到1910年，我的母亲无法生活，这才回国，在杭州师范学校作助教①〔助教〕辅助主讲教师进行教学活动的人。鲁迅于1909年7．8月间回国，同年9月在杭州浙江两级师范学堂任日籍教员的翻译。课文中说1910年回国，应是鲁迅记忆所误。，次年在绍兴中学作监学〔监学〕负责管理学生的职员，一般也兼任教学工作。1910年9月，鲁迅到绍兴府中学堂作监学兼生物教员。1912年革命后，被任为绍兴师范学校校长。
但绍兴革命军的首领〔绍兴革命军的首领〕指王金发。王金发在加入光复会，参加辛亥革命以前，曾是浙东洪门会平阳党的首领，所以鲁迅说他是“强盗出身”。1912年，因为鲁迅支持的一份报纸，批评了王金发任都督的绍兴军政分府，曾出现过王金发要派人杀鲁迅的传言。是强盗出身，我不满意他的行为，他说要杀死我了，我就到南京，在教育部办事，由此进北京，做到社会教育司的第二科科长。1918年“文学革命〔文学革命〕五四时期反对旧文学、提倡新文学的运动。”运动起，我始用“鲁迅”的笔名作小说，登在《新青年》〔《新青年》〕五四时期倡导新文化运动、传播马克思主义的重要刊物，陈独秀主编。鲁迅是它的重要撰稿人，并曾参与编辑工作。上，以后就时时作些短篇小说和短评；一面也做北京大学，师范大学，女子师范大学的讲师。因为做评论，敌人就多起来，北京大学教授陈源〔陈源（1896—1970）〕笔名西滢，在当时学生的爱国运动中，他对支持学生的鲁迅一再散布流言，进行攻击。开始发表这“鲁迅”就是我，由此弄到段祺瑞〔段祺瑞（1865—1936）〕北洋军阀皖系首领，当时北京军阀政府由段祺瑞执行政务，号称“执政”。将我撤职，并且还要逮捕我。我只好离开北京，到厦门大学做教授；约有半年，和校长以及别的几个教授冲突了，便到广州，在中山大学做了教务长兼文科教授。
又约半年，国民党北伐分明很顺利，厦门的有些教授就也到广州来了，不久就清党①〔清党〕1924年，国民党在孙中山主持下改组，共产党员可以以个人身份参加国民党。1927年国民党反动派发动“四一二”政变，公布“清党”决议案，大肆捕杀共产党员和国民党左派分子。，我一生从未见过有这么杀人的，我就辞了职，回到上海，想以译作谋生。但因为加入自由大同盟〔自由大同盟〕中国自由运动大同盟的简称，是在中国共产党支持和领导下的进步团体，1930年2月成立于上海。宗旨是争取集会、结社、言论、出版等自由，反对国民党的反动统治。，听说国民党在通缉我了，我便躲起来。此后又加入了左翼作家联盟〔左翼作家联盟〕即中国左翼作家联盟，简称“左联”，中国共产党领导的革命文学团体。1930年成立，1935年解散。，民权同盟〔民权同盟〕中国民权保障同盟的简称。由宋庆龄、鲁迅等发起组织。宗旨是反对国民党的法西斯专制，援救政治犯，争取集会、结社、言论、出版等自由。到
今年，我的1926年以后出版的译作，几乎全被国民党所禁止。
著者略历选自《老舍全集》第15卷（人民文学出版社1999年版）。
老舍舒舍予，字老舍，现年40岁，面黄无须。生于北平，三岁失怙〔失怙（hù）〕指死了父亲。怙，依靠。，可谓无父。志学之年，帝王不存，可谓无君。无父无君，特别孝爱老母，布尔乔亚①〔布尔乔亚〕法语音译，资产阶级的意思。之仁未能一扫空也。幼读三百千〔三百千〕指《三字经》《百家姓》《千字文》的合称。，不求甚解。继学师范，遂奠教书匠之基。及壮，糊口四方，教书为业，甚难发财；每购奖券，以得末彩为荣，示甘于寒贱也。二十七岁，发愤著书，科学哲学无所懂，故写小说，博大家一笑，没什么了不得。三十四岁结婚，今已有一女一男，均狡猾可喜。闲时喜养花，不得其法，每每有叶无花，亦不忍弃。书无所不读，全无所获，并不着急。教书作事，均甚认真，往往吃亏，亦不后悔。如是而已，再活四十年也许能有点出息！
著有：《老张的哲学》《赵子曰》《二马》《小坡的生日》《猫城记》《离婚》《赶集》《牛天赐传》《樱海集》《蛤藻集》《骆驼祥子》《火车集》，皆小说也。当继续再写八本，凑成二十本，可以搁笔矣。散碎文字，随写随扔；偶搜汇成集，如《老舍幽默诗文集》及《老牛破车》，亦不重视之。
第二篇：名人自传读后感
《杰克•韦尔奇自传》无疑是一本从生活、感情到管理思想包罗万象的商业名人传记，名人自传读后感。有着“全球第一CEO”之称的杰克•韦尔奇先生，在执掌美国通用电气公司(GE)的近20年时间里创造了大量的商业典故，一直引领着全球商业和企业管理领域的发展，无愧为全球最杰出的企业家和管理思想家之一。在这本带有总结性质的个人自传里，无论是讲述那记忆中的童年还是回味那亲情里的甜蜜，更不必说那些工作中的难忘细节，这位“思想者”和“行动者”无时无刻不在向读者表达他的为人处世哲学和商业管理思想，在向人们揭示他和GE成功的秘密。
这本书简直是一部现代商业思想的编年史和实用百科全书，虽然已经是作者一生思想和实践的浓缩，但其宏大的内容体系仍然会令一个普通读者感到无从下手。在通读全书，并反复阅读、体会了其中某些所述内容和背景与普通人的生活环境相差甚远的章节之后，我发现杰克•韦尔奇在全书中所讲述的整个商业和企业管理思想可以终于一点，这也正是序言中的那一小段内容里所高度概括并意图表达的。
无论是“数一数二”、“全球化”、“六西格玛”、“电子商务”等等那些GE后来创造的、深入人心的、先进而成功的商业理念，还是“面对现实”、“居安思危”、“追求卓越”、“锐意进取”、“不断创新”、“以人为本”、“理念支撑”、“能屈能伸”、“诚信”、“服务”、“效率”、“无边界”等等这些隐藏在它们背后的、韦尔奇式的人生哲学与商业思想，这一切都是为了一个目的，那就是将GE这样一个“航母企业”打造得“比只有自己五十分之一大的对手更有活力、更灵活、适应性更强！”
这就是现代大企业的生存与发展之道。
正像书中前几章所表达的那样，从一走出校门便就职于这家庞大的跨国企业的杰克•韦尔奇，他本人年轻的时候也许根本没有理性而系统地考虑过他自己有什么经营思想，但他却本能地喜欢一个“小公司”般的工作氛围，喜欢与那些充满活力、思维活跃、不受繁文冗节束缚的团队一起工作，而厌恶低效率的“官僚主义”作风。这种个人好恶强烈到当他被提升到高层的时候仍然希望留在远离公司总部的生产一线部门附近办公。
正是这种潜意识下的、朦胧的思想，跟随韦尔奇一起经历了不懈的奋斗和连串的幸运后成熟并明确起来，最终演变为摧枯拉朽的变革力量，在其他人对潜在的商业危险还没有察觉的时候，迎难而上、力挽狂澜，将GE这艘企业航母从暗礁丛生的“官僚主义”和“低效率”泥潭面前拯救出来，使其甩下其他超级跨国企业集团，率先驶上了新时代的高速航道。
随着技术的发展和制度的完善，残酷的商业竞争已经从“大鱼吃小鱼”般比较单纯的资本较力时代，发展到了“块鱼吃慢鱼”般变化莫测的综合实力竞争时代。“核心竞争力”成为企业家们最常提及的词汇。市场，尤其是国际市场、新兴行业市场，已经不再是“赤手空拳”的“独眼巨人”们的天下，而变成“手持利刃”、“剑术惊奇”的各路英豪“你方唱罢我登场”的“混战江湖”。如果“巨人”还想生存，就必须学会“舞剑”！而这把“剑”、这把“利刃”就是“核心竞争力”。
反观国内。市场经济经历了20余年的发展和健全，可以说是“浓缩”地遍历了西方市场体系百余年的发展史。可以说我们的市场情况是特殊的。由于某些称得上“后发优势”的因素，我们在整个法制体系和市场经济体制还相对不完善的时候，就已经在经济形态和市场竞争内容上与国际和西方市场基本对接了。这致使我们在仓促追赶了一阵之后，还没有来得及休整，就也被无情现实摆在了新经济的起跑线上。
正如杰克•韦尔奇在20世纪80年代，为当时已经积习难改、脚步沉重的GE巨人“减肥”，并最终教会它“舞剑”那样，我们现在也面对着同样的机遇和挑战。特别是大中型的国有企业。过去造就了我们的“巨人身材”，而未来却明确地要考验我们的“剑术”！
杰克•韦尔奇上任后首先为GE做了三件事：“减肥”、“铸剑”和“绘谱”。
他通过“数一数二”的严格要求，将GE的非核心业务剥离出去，突出明确了GE的核心竞争力，剔除了冗员，发现和招募了精英，精简了管理体系，完善了各项制度，转变了企业上下的观念和思维习惯，建立了积极活跃的商业哲学，读后感《名人自传读后感》。这就是最初的“减肥”和“铸剑”。
在随后的几年间，随着在商海中的沉浮，通过“无边界”与“深潜”等等开放思想的方法，杰克•韦尔奇与GE的员工和管理者一起，为GE制定了直到今天其他竞争者都难以企及的“全球化”、“可持续增长”、“服务意识”、“六西格玛”、“电子商务”等等先进的商业理念和战略。这就是他为GE绘制的“剑谱”。
一直到今天，无论是在杰克•韦尔奇的带领下，还是他的继任者的掌管中，GE一直研习着韦尔奇的“剑谱”，手握核心竞争力这把“利剑”，在商海中独傲群雄。
反观我们的国有大中型企业。我们是不是“超重”了？我们手里有“利刃”吗？我们有自己的“独门绝技”吗？我们“操练”得怎么样了……但无论我们现在是个什么样子，“开战前夜”留给我们的时间已经不多了！
我们的敌手是谁？
显然，我们的“同胞兄弟”——其他“巨人”是不会甘愿退场的，肯定有一场酣战。“坐飞机”来得“洋巨人”也一直扒着墙头馋涎欲滴地觐觎着我们“院子”里的“食物”，他们是带着“冲锋枪”来的，绝对是有些实力的。
但最厉害的，并不是我们的那些“同胞兄弟”，因为他们同样面临着我们所面临的困境；也不是那些“洋巨人”，因为他们还不算熟悉地形，虽然手里的“家伙”更厉害，但他们进入的阻碍也更大；而是如书中所言的、为数众多的“只有自己五十分之一大的对手”！
这些“民间资本”或者“土洋结合”的“小猎食者”，头脑灵活、行动敏捷、熟悉环境、手段多样、数量众多……虽然他们手里只有几把“小刀”，虽不致命但其锋利程度却是令人胆寒的，一旦让他们靠近前来，难免被他们狠狠挖去一块“肉”。这种损失积少成多，“巨人”的性命就难免岌岌可危了。
而如果我们真正做到了连数目众多的“小猎食者”都能够战胜，真正做到了“比只有自己五十分之一大的对手更有活力、更灵活、适应性更强”，那么我们就达到了最高标准的要求，那时以我们的实力对付其他“巨人”和“洋巨人”自然也就可以游刃有余了。
我们的优势何在？
大企业的优势很明显——雄厚的财力物力、大量的人才储备、完整的业务体系、规范的操作、良好的信誉和形象……
但这些就是我们的“利刃”吗？恐怕还不是，这些只是铸造“利刃”的原材料罢了。其中难免包含“杂质”和“废料”的成分——雄厚的财力物力中很可能包含不良资产和“鸡肋”资产；大量的人才储备中难免有重复职能的岗位和严重不称职的冗员；完整的业务体系中也许存在严重的低效率和官僚主义；规范的操作中更可能抹煞了灵活机动性；良好的信誉和形象也有可能成为限制企业进入新领域的制肘……
所以，优势所在很可能也恰恰正是劣势所在！
我们如何克敌制胜？
这正是这本传记中指教我们的，我们不妨称其为“韦尔奇改造法”，也就是前述的“减肥”、“铸剑”和“绘谱”三步走。
鉴于我们国有大中型企业的特殊情况，照搬“韦尔奇改造法”肯定是行不通的，但是三步走是肯定没错的，就看我们具体怎么走了。
如何“减肥”？我们是不能随随便便就把不喜欢的业务切出来卖掉的，也不可能像GE那样在盈利不好的部门大规模地裁员……那么既然不能“切掉”非核心业务和非核心部门，那么是不是可以考虑把核心业务与核心部门“切出来”？至少应该避免非核心业务与部门影响、制约核心业务与部门。
最好的办法莫过于在“资本纽带”关系基础上进行资源整合后，建立新的独立部门或企业，以期获得更加集中的优势资源，建立优良的核心竞争力基础。
如何“铸剑”？“剑”的“原材料”包括“资源”、“团队”和“文化”，所谓“剑”也就是这三者的“配合”，“原材料”的优劣与“配合”的好坏都影响着“剑”的锋利程度。这就要靠我们在实际中去见仁见智地实践了。
恐怕在目前的情况下，建立真正科学、高效的现代企业体制，真正实现企业管理的制度化、规范化，是我们大多数国有企业在“铸剑”过程中所要面临的最大挑战。而韦尔奇的那些基本商业哲学无疑也是适用于我们的——“面对现实”、“居安思危”、“追求卓越”、“锐意进取”、“不断创新”、“以人为本”、“理念支撑”、“能屈能伸”、“诚信”、“服务”、“效率”……
绘制什么样的“剑谱”？ GE的“全球化”、“可持续增长”、“服务意识”、“六西格玛”、“电子商务”等企业理念和战略对于我们今天大多数的国有大中型企业恐怕并不适用。那也许是我们的远期目标，但正如韦尔奇在书中所述的“我们要在长期和短期中寻找平衡”，因此切实可行、立竿见影的目标才是我们最好的“剑谱”。
比如我们要立足于哪些传统强势领域，开拓哪些有能力开拓的领域；比如建立怎么样的产品质量保障体系；比如建立什么样的现代业务平台；比如率先在行业内实现什么样的先进技术；比如建立什么样的先进业务和市场网络；比如实现怎样的企业文化……
我们如何战斗？
练好“内功”后就到了上战场的时候了，体力有了、武器有了、套路有了，可具体怎么打呢？既然我们的最高目标敌手是“小猎食者”，于是就又回到那句话——要“比只有自己五十分之一大的对手更有活力、更灵活、适应性更强！”就当前国情来看，我们可采取的战略至少有两种，一个是“化整为零”，一个是“合纵连横”。
如果将“巨人”化作一支由许多精干的“小猎手”组成的“集团军”，而又能使这支“集团军”互相照应、互相配合得天衣无缝、炉火纯青，那么势必是所向披靡的。这是一种“行动上的灵活”。
如果实际情况不允许“化整为零”，也完全可以借助“巨人”和“利剑”的威慑作用主动“合纵连横”，建立有利于我、以我为主的市场联盟和利益共同体，以谋求更大的市场利益。这是一种“思想上的灵活”。
说起来容易，做起来难。在给予我们无数启示的同时，杰克•韦尔奇和GE用20年时间实现的辉煌能否在我们中间重演，这个无形的课题恐怕是对中国的国有大中型企业和企业家们一次严峻而绝好的考验。
第三篇：名人自传读后感
当我于书市中翻出《苏雪林自传》、《王映霞自传》两书时，眼睛为之一亮，毫不犹豫地买下，名人自传读后感。
王映霞女士，曾是时下皆知的一代苏杭美人，虽然才学不及苏雪林先生的十分之一，但在我的想象中多少也应当是一位知书达理、温婉可亲的人。像她这样的历史当事人，出自传写回忆，应当对今人认识历史、总结教训有所启发、有所教益才对，至少也得把历史真相写清楚。然而，映霞女士晚年写此自传时，不是心态还没有放正，就是思维发生了混乱。许多该讲的细节即那些不为外人所能详知的东西，她都难得一讲，即便提及了也仅仅是浮光掠影一笔带过；而那些不值一提的琐事，诸如鲁迅先生曾在日记里提到她几次、她晚年如何黄昏独语不惆怅之类，却津津有味地不惜笔墨去铺张、絮叨。通篇除了引用达夫日记、书信、诗文以及有关人士的文章外，实在没有多少值得一看的东西。
我并不想猎奇，更不想刺探隐私，但郁王的离奇婚姻波及面太广，甚至在某种程度上导致了达夫先生的客死他乡，是非曲直，该有所澄清了。然而关键地方特别是郁王裂痕、婚变之处，她并没有说出能令人信服而又清楚明白的恩怨来。书中谈及谣传她与许绍棣丽水同居等事，这实在不是小事，不能轻描淡写地处理，事隔几十年了，这些事情该说清楚了，然而映霞女士似有许多隐晦在里面，因而一直不能理直气壮地坦言此间曲直，反而老是耿耿于怀地一味指责达夫先生如何多疑、如何粗暴等等，这对于生性率真浪漫又历经坎坷终至魂飘异域的达夫先生，绝对有失公平。这样的自传，读来没有什么价值，却又凭空带给我许多的失望和遗憾。至于文笔，更是淡若白水，一览无余。
当年，各家大报名刊的编辑们曾争相约请苏雪林先生写点自传或回忆录什么的，她总是推诿说：“一个具有历史价值的人才有资格写自传，像我这种庸碌卑微的人也来灾梨祸枣，岂不笑掉人的大牙，还是免了吧。”毫无疑问，这么一位兼学者、作家于一身的老人，对待自传是严肃认真、轻易不为的。及至后来，为某种情势所迫，非写不可了，她才请两个学生帮助，她口述，她们作笔录，结果搞了整整四个月，她不满意，无可奈何之中，以九五高龄亲自执笔为之，一面写一面将自己平生著述浏览一遍，又在旧日记中检查索引，繁繁复复，又花了整整八个月时间，始得告成。单就其写作态度来讲，比起映霞女士在他人相帮下仅花了一个多月时间就大功告成，真不可同日而语。
苏雪林先生作自传时，虽年事极高，却并不倚老卖老、故作糊涂、信口开河。她一生坎坷，婚姻不幸，事业不顺，但她的回忆文字却很平静，她没有抱怨、指责他人，反而更多地去理解他人甚至自我责备。苏雪林生性内向木讷，为人太过单纯、固执，一生以书为伴，以书为业，也许是这个缘故，写起文章来，未免书生气太浓，浓到化不开了，则显得行文略有呆滞，少了几许生趣。她甚至在这本自传里还做着学问，用了不少篇幅大讲她的屈赋研究，真有点学问家撰写“学记”的味道。好在她极会闪转腾挪，于读者刚要生厌时，笔法一变，谈起了诗画艺事及写作经验，后来又谈到了吴稚晖、徐志摩、朱湘、庐隐、陈源、杨荫榆、胡适等现代文人的生平逸事，娓娓写来，真切自然中，轻轻掀开了历史的一角，打开了我们的视野。
美人离才女有多远，看看这两本书就知道了。对于两位老祖母级的现代名人，对于她们的书，我买了读了又大着胆子说了自己的感受，我想无论对错，这本身就是一种尊重。
富兰克林自传读后感
富兰克林生于1706年1月2日,由于他出生在贫寒的小商人家庭.他几次被迫辍学在小商店里打杂.后来又在哥哥的印刷厂当学徒,最后自己在费城开了一家印刷所.他在这期间过着艰苦的生活,住得简陋,吃得简单.但是却一直有一种非常强大的精神支撑着他.除了辛勤工作之外,他还始终怀着强烈的求知的渴望和热情,想尽一切办法,挤出一切时间和一切金钱来读书和买书.在他看来,读书是他打开幸福成功之门的钥匙.书是无价之宝,是他最大的快乐.正是因为如此,他同小了法语,意大利语,西班牙语和拉丁语.成功背后却是无比的艰辛,最后当上了美国的总统,而且也是一个伟大的发明家.他发明了新式火炉,避雷针,高架取书器,自动烤肉机,三轮钟等.我对富兰克林的感叹就是:一分耕耘一分才.他付出了艰苦的努力就品尝到了成功的果实.他为全美国人们创造了幸福.我们应该学习富兰克林的这种精神.富兰克林自传在本站电子书栏目名人传记下有提供.第一次读富兰克林自传是在中学，看到一半的时候他还在搞印刷就没看下去，后来是在网上看，但由于我不习惯在电脑上看长篇的小说，所以一直没看完，想买一本过来，可义乌这种地方唯一一个不错的新华书店也只有一本，还是比较旧，我不想买一本自己很喜欢的旧书，所以一直没有买，读后感《名人自传读后感》。
昨天，正好没事，去新华书店，那本旧书还在，就拿起来一口气读完，对于富兰克林遵守的十三种德行，我感觉对每个人都适合，我自己想做到的首先是节制，俭朴。
关于节制我一直在这样做，因为很小的时候看洛克菲勒中年患病后，食从来半饱，并且活到九十几的高龄，还积聚了巨额的财富，后来看《商道》中戒盈杯也曾挽救过林尚活的命，对饮食就更加注意，包括倒水喝酒都从来不会太满，最重要的是食不过饱还可以保持一个比较清醒的大脑。
寡言我做的也不好，以后也需要多加注意。
俭朴我做的并不很好，有时候总感觉消费可以刺激自己的需求，进一步刺激自己追求更高更好的东西，但目前看来这是一种非常错误的做法，以后会多加注意（因为即使是一元钱，也可积少成多，一直消费最终会导致自己保持收支平衡而没有足够的启动资金）。
清洁我做的是最糟糕的（这方面我现在还没打算去做，这是一个非常久的习惯了，可能需要太多的时间，并且有时候会与我的时间观造成冲突）
其它几点秩序，勤劳，诚恳，正直做的还自己感觉不错。
对富兰克林非常重视公共事业深有感触，尤其是教育，正如我去新华书店找如此好的一本书而却很难以找到一样，如果有一个图书馆，那就会好的多，曾记得在杭州新华书店看一本《王道》，十几本都被读者看的黑黑的，这个损失不应该由书店来承担，但一个人买一本又很浪费资源，因此一个国家一个城市，图书馆是首先应该投资的，并且挑选比较著名及有影响的书多放一些，全民普及文化教育。义乌不能创造超级富豪我感觉与此也有很大的关系，义乌虽然宝马奔驰很多，但是由于文化的限制，大多观念并不新，超级富豪几乎没有。
另外对富兰克林遇到的总督基思印像非常深刻，因为感觉他太像自己遇到过的一个人，从来不实现自己的承诺，但非常喜欢许诺，也进一步告诉我自己的原始积累的重要性，凭空的依靠可能把自己带到绝境，就如富兰克林去伦敦采购印刷器材那样陷信困境。
他也告诉我媒体的力量，默多克都承认富兰克林为媒界做的最成功的人，我也这样认为，掌握并好好的利用媒体可以产生无可言喻的力量，也看到富兰克林早期并不谦虚，我也经常犯类似的错误，辩论的时候没有必要以非常强势的压倒别人，尽管在当时可能会给自己带来一定的快感，但一定要体会别人的感受，这点以后也是我非常应该注意的。
富兰克林能在如此多的领域做出对世界产生影响的事，应该很大程度上依靠他的习惯，非常遗憾不能看到他后半生的传记，也许他的后半生我更感兴趣一些，其实人往往这样，喜欢看到辉煌的一面，就像中学的时候不愿意去看他在印刷厂受苦一样，而现在愿意认真去体会，这也许是自己的一些进步，成熟。
以后需要在：寡言，谦虚，俭朴方面多加注意，去除这些坏的习惯，也许对自己的成长会有很大的帮助。
也推荐读者去认真的读这些书，从中理解到自己需要的东西，但有一点，我认为是必要的，就是每个人都应该通过此书，更加明白教育等公共事业对人类以至一个城市，国家的影响，也能从自身真正的去做。
本杰明·富兰克林是一位享誉世界的发明家、作家、外交家和独立革命的领导人之一。他不仅让美国人民引以为豪，而且是世界人民的骄傲。
富兰克林的出生之地，在当时是英法殖民地，而他又是一个穷苦人家的孩子，发展才能的机会是很少的。10岁时，他就因为家里经济困难辍学。12岁开始，他在哥哥经营的印刷所里当学徒。17岁时，他就独自到费城自谋出路。经过千辛万苦，他终于开办了自己的印刷所，并受到大家的一致好评。他通过自己超群的技艺、敬业的精神和为人处世的美德使自己的生意蒸蒸日上。
富兰克林十分重视自己的美德。因此，他给自己提出了13个要求，分别是：节制、沉默寡言、生活有序、决心、俭朴、勤勉、诚恳、公正、中庸、清洁、平静、贞洁和谦逊。他一直在尽力地做到这些，尽管他也很难完全满足要求，但他还是坚持不懈。
读到这一段时，我不禁为这位世界伟人给自己提出的高要求而惊叹。我想：做一个品德完美的人的确不容易，但是只有努力做了，才有做好的希望。
富兰克林曾说过这样一句话：“在我看来，能够给人类带来幸福的，与其说是千载难逢的巨大的幸运，倒不如说是每时每刻发生在他们身边的琐细的方便。”我认为，这句很有启发性的话提醒了人们：不要只顾那些百年不遇的幸运，而忽略了身边的小事；这句话也很好地解释了富兰克林的那些造福人类的发明和他成为发明家的原因。
读完了整本书，我想：今天，我们的生活是无比幸福的，时代给予了我们物质上的丰富多彩。我们不必再像富兰克林小时候那样，承受因为家庭困难而辍学的痛苦；我们不必再像他那样，为了省钱买书不吃荤食；我们更不必再像他那样，小小年纪就背井离乡到异国他乡去自谋生路······因此，我们更应该刻苦向上、积极奋发、热爱生活、追求充实高尚的人生！
第四篇：英文名人演讲励志短文
在美国，你的命运由你自己书写，你的未来由你自己掌握。如下小编就为大家收集了英文名人演讲励志短文，欢迎阅读！
英文名人演讲励志短文
At the dawn of the 21st century a free people must now choose to shape the forces of the Information Age and the global society, to unleash the limitless potential of all our people, and, yes, to form a more perfect union.在二十一世纪的曙光来临之际，一个自由的民族现在必须做出选择，去打造信息时代和全球一体化的力量，去释放全民无尽的潜能，并且，去成就一个更完美的联邦国家。
When last we gathered, our march to this new future seemed less certain than it does today.We vowed then to set a clear course to renew our nation.上次我们在此相聚时，我们向这个新未来的进军似乎没有今天这么明确，我们那时曾宣誓确立新的道路，复兴我们的国家。
In these four years, we have been touched by tragedy, exhilarated by challenge, strengthened by achievement.America stands alone as the world s in dispensable nation.Once again, our economy is the strongest on Earth.Once again, we are building stronger families, thriving communities, better educational opportunities, a cleaner environment.Problems that once seemed destined to deepen now bend to our efforts: our streets are safer and record numbers of our fellow citizens have moved from welfare to work.在这四年中，悲剧使我们动容，挑战使我们兴奋，成就使我们强大。美国作为世界不可缺少的国家巍然挺立。再一次，我们的经济是世界上最强大的；再一次，我们建设着更牢固的家庭，繁荣的社区，更好的教育机会，更清洁的环境。曾经似乎注定要恶化的问题现在也屈服于我们的努力：我们的街道更安全，参加工作不再领取社会福利的公民人数比任何时候都多。
And once again, we have resolved for our time a great debate over the role of government.Today we can declare: Government is not the problem, and government is not the solution.再一次，我们解决了当前关于政府角色问题的巨大争论。今天我们可以宣告：政府不是问题的产生者，政府也不是问题的解决者。
附:英文名人励志演讲
Hello, everybody!Thank you.Thank you.Thank you, everybody.All right, everybody go ahead and have a seat.How is everybody doing today?(Applause.)How about Tim Spicer?(Applause.)I am here with students at Wakefield High School in Arlington, Virginia.And we've got students tuning in from all across America, from kindergarten through 12th grade.And I am just so glad that all could join us today.And I want to thank Wakefield for being such an outstanding host.Give yourselves a big round of applause.(Applause.)
I know that for many of you, today is the first day of school.And for those of you in kindergarten, or starting middle or high school, it's your first day in a new school, so it's understandable if you're a little nervous.I imagine there are some seniors out there who are feeling pretty good right now--(applause)--with just one more year to go.And no matter what grade you're in, some of you are probably wishing it were still summer and you could've stayed in bed just a little bit longer this morning.I know that feeling.When I was young, my family lived overseas.I lived in Indonesia for a few years.And my mother, she didn't have the money to send me where all the American kids went to school, but she thought it was important for me to keep up with an American education.So she decided to teach me extra lessons herself, Monday through Friday.But because she had to go to work, the only time she could do it was at 4:30 in the morning.Now, as you might imagine, I wasn't too happy about getting up that early.And a lot of times, I'd fall asleep right there at the kitchen table.But whenever I'd complain, my mother would just give me one of those looks and she'd say, “This is no picnic for me either, buster.”(Laughter.)
So I know that some of you are still adjusting to being back at school.But I'm here today because I have something important to discuss with you.I'm here because I want to talk with you about your education and what's expected of all of you in this new school year.Now, I've given a lot of speeches about education.And I've talked about responsibility a lot.I've talked about teachers' responsibility for inspiring students and pushing you to learn.I've talked about your parents' responsibility for making sure you stay on track, and you get your homework done, and don't spend every waking hour in front of the TV or with the Xbox.I've talked a lot about your government's responsibility for setting high standards, and supporting teachers and principals, and turning around schools that aren't working, where students aren't getting the opportunities that they deserve.But at the end of the day, we can have the most dedicated teachers, the most supportive parents, the best schools in the world--and none of it will make a difference, none of it will matter unless all of you fulfill your responsibilities, unless you show up to those schools, unless you pay attention to those teachers, unless you listen to your parents and grandparents and other adults and put in the hard work it takes to succeed.That's what I want to focus on today: the responsibility each of you has for your education.I want to start with the responsibility you have to yourself.Every single one of you has something that you're good at.Every single one of you has something to offer.And you have a responsibility to yourself to discover what that is.That's the opportunity an education can provide.Maybe you could be a great writer--maybe even good enough to write a book or articles in a newspaper--but you might not know it until you write that English paper--that English class paper that's assigned to you.Maybe you could be an innovator or an inventor--maybe even good enough to come up with the next iPhone or the new medicine or vaccine--but you might not know it until you do your project for your science class.Maybe you could be a mayor or a senator or a Supreme Court justice--but you might not know that until you join student government or the debate team.And no matter what you want to do with your life, I guarantee that you'll need an education to do it.You want to be a doctor, or a teacher, or a police officer? You want to be a nurse or an architect, a lawyer or a member of our military? You're going to need a good education for every single one of those careers.You cannot drop out of school and just drop into a good job.You've got to train for it and work for it and learn for it.And this isn't just important for your own life and your own future.What you make of your education will decide nothing less than the future of this country.The future of America depends on you.What you're learning in school today will determine whether we as a nation can meet our greatest challenges in the future.You'll need the knowledge and problem-solving skills you learn in science and math to cure diseases like cancer and AIDS, and to develop new energy technologies and protect our environment.You'll need the insights and critical-thinking skills you gain in history and social studies to fight poverty and homelessness, crime and discrimination, and make our nation more fair and more free.You'll need the creativity and ingenuity you develop in all your classes to build new companies that will create new jobs and boost our economy.We need every single one of you to develop your talents and your skills and your intellect so you can help us old folks solve our most difficult problems.If you don't do that--if you quit on school--you're not just quitting on yourself, you're quitting on your country.Now, I know it's not always easy to do well in school.I know a lot of you have challenges in your lives right now that can make it hard to focus on your schoolwork.I get it.I know what it's like.My father left my family when I was two years old, and I was raised by a single mom who had to work and who struggled at times to pay the bills and wasn't always able to give us the things that other kids had.There were times when I missed having a father in my life.There were times when I was lonely and I felt like I didn't fit in.So I wasn't always as focused as I should have been on school, and I did some things I'm not proud of, and I got in more trouble than I should have.And my life could have easily taken a turn for the worse.But I was--I was lucky.I got a lot of second chances, and I had the opportunity to go to college and law school and follow my dreams.My wife, our First Lady Michelle Obama, she has a similar story.Neither of her parents had gone to college, and they didn't have a lot of money.But they worked hard, and she worked hard, so that she could go to the best schools in this country.Some of you might not have those advantages.Maybe you don't have adults in your life who give you the support that you need.Maybe someone in your family has lost their job and there's not enough money to go around.Maybe you live in a neighborhood where you don't feel safe, or have friends who are pressuring you to do things you know aren't right.But at the end of the day, the circumstances of your life--what you look like, where you come from, how much money you have, what you've got going on at home--none of that is an excuse for neglecting your homework or having a bad attitude in school.That's no excuse for talking back to your teacher, or cutting class, or dropping out of school.There is no excuse for not trying.Where you are right now doesn't have to determine where you'll end up.No one's written your destiny for you, because here in America, you write your own destiny.You make your own future.That's what young people like you are doing every day, all across America.Young people like Jazmin Perez, from Roma, Texas.Jazmin didn't speak English when she first started school.Neither of her parents had gone to college.But she worked hard, earned good grades, and got a scholarship to Brown University--is now in graduate school, studying public health, on her way to becoming Dr.Jazmin Perez.I'm thinking about Andoni Schultz, from Los Altos, California, who's fought brain cancer since he was three.He's had to endure all sorts of treatments and surgeries, one of which affected his memory, so it took him much longer--hundreds of extra hours--to do his schoolwork.But he never fell behind.He's headed to college this fall.And then there's Shantell Steve, from my hometown of Chicago, Illinois.Even when bouncing from foster home to foster home in the toughest neighborhoods in the city, she managed to get a job at a local health care center, start a program to keep young people out of gangs, and she's on track to graduate high school with honors and go on to college.And Jazmin, Andoni, and Shantell aren't any different from any of you.They face challenges in their lives just like you do.In some cases they've got it a lot worse off than many of you.But they refused to give up.They chose to take responsibility for their lives, for their education, and set goals for themselves.And I expect all of you to do the same.That's why today I'm calling on each of you to set your own goals for your education--and do everything you can to meet them.Your goal can be something as simple as doing all your homework, paying attention in class, or spending some time each day reading a book.Maybe you'll decide to get involved in an extracurricular activity, or volunteer in your community.Maybe you'll decide to stand up for kids who are being teased or bullied because of who they are or how they look, because you believe, like I do, that all young people deserve a safe environment to study and learn.Maybe you'll decide to take better care of yourself so you can be more ready to learn.And along those lines, by the way, I hope all of you are washing your hands a lot, and that you stay home from school when you don't feel well, so we can keep people from getting the flu this fall and winter.But whatever you resolve to do, I want you to commit to it.I want you to really work at it.I know that sometimes you get that sense from TV that you can be rich and successful without any hard work--that your ticket to success is through rapping or basketball or being a reality TV star.Chances are you're not going to be any of those things.The truth is, being successful is hard.You won't love every subject that you study.You won't click with every teacher that you have.Not every homework assignment will seem completely relevant to your life right at this minute.And you won't necessarily succeed at everything the first time you try.That's okay.Some of the most successful people in the world are the ones who've had the most failures.J.K.Rowling's--who wrote Harry Potter--her first Harry Potter book was rejected 12 times before it was finally published.Michael Jordan was cut from his high school basketball team.He lost hundreds of games and missed thousands of shots during his career.But he once said, “I have failed over and over and over again in my life.And that's why I succeed.”
These people succeeded because they understood that you can't let your failures define you--you have to let your failures teach you.You have to let them show you what to do differently the next time.So if you get into trouble, that doesn't mean you're a troublemaker, it means you need to try harder to act right.If you get a bad grade, that doesn't mean you're stupid, it just means you need to spend more time studying.No one's born being good at all things.You become good at things through hard work.You're not a varsity athlete the first time you play a new sport.You don't hit every note the first time you sing a song.You've got to practice.The same principle applies to your schoolwork.You might have to do a math problem a few times before you get it right.You might have to read something a few times before you understand it.You definitely have to do a few drafts of a paper before it's good enough to hand in.Don't be afraid to ask questions.Don't be afraid to ask for help when you need it.I do that every day.Asking for help isn't a sign of weakness, it's a sign of strength because it shows you have the courage to admit when you don't know something, and that then allows you to learn something new.So find an adult that you trust--a parent, a grandparent or teacher, a coach or a counselor--and ask them to help you stay on track to meet your goals.And even when you're struggling, even when you're discouraged, and you feel like other people have given up on you, don't ever give up on yourself, because when you give up on yourself, you give up on your country.The story of America isn't about people who quit when things got tough.It's about people who kept going, who tried harder, who loved their country too much to do anything less than their best.It's the story of students who sat where you sit 250 years ago, and went on to wage a revolution and they founded this nation.Young people.Students who sat where you sit 75 years ago who overcame a Depression and won a world war;who fought for civil rights and put a man on the moon.Students who sat where you sit 20 years ago who founded Google and Twitter and Facebook and changed the way we communicate with each other.So today, I want to ask all of you, what's your contribution going to be? What problems are you going to solve? What discoveries will you make? What will a President who comes here in 20 or 50 or 100 years say about what all of you did for this country?
Now, your families, your teachers, and I are doing everything we can to make sure you have the education you need to answer these questions.I'm working hard to fix up your classrooms and get you the books and the equipment and the computers you need to learn.But you've got to do your part, too.So I expect all of you to get serious this year.I expect you to put your best effort into everything you do.I expect great things from each of you.So don't let us down.Don't let your family down or your country down.Most of all, don't let yourself down.Make us all proud.Thank you very much, everybody.God bless you.God bless America.Thank you.
第五篇：那些名人自传不会告诉你的事情
那些名人自传不会告诉你的事情：1.华人首富李嘉诚的自传不会告诉你他娶了自己的富豪表妹庄月明，靠舅父的家族企业发展起来的，他通过塑胶花挣的第一桶金来自他舅父的资金支持。2.微软盖茨的书不会告诉你他母亲是IBM的董事，是她给儿子促成第一单大生意；3.股神巴菲特的自传只会告诉你他8岁就参观了纽交所，但不会告诉你他国会议员的父亲带他去的，是高盛的董事接待的；4.万科的王石那些自传更不会告诉你，他的前老丈人是当年的广东省委副书记。5.华为的任正非不会告诉你其岳父曾任四川省副省长。6.腾讯的马化腾不会告诉你他的父亲是盐田港上市公司董事，腾讯的第一笔投资来自李泽楷，李泽楷与盐田港母公司啥关系无需多说。7.任志强不会告诉你他父亲是曾经的商业部副部长。8.SOHO的潘石屹不会告诉你他的发迹是和女富豪张欣结婚后开始的。9.现任内地首富万达集团的王健林也不会告诉你他父亲是老red军，G至西 藏副主席，四川省组织部副部长。这些事情告诉我们一个最朴素的真理：不要痴迷于阅读成功人士的传记，从中寻找经验，这些书大部分经过了精致的包装，没有人会随随便便成功。
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