新概念英语第二册第54课教案大全

第一篇：新概念英语第二册第54课教案大全

Lesson54 Sticky fingers

上课时间：

上课地点: 教学用书：新概念二

教学目标： 掌握生词和短语sticky

pastry receiver be dismayed at sth 等

教学重难点：no sooner……than……一……就……=

hardly…when

主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时。

教学过程:

复习上节课已学过的现在完成时与现在

完成进行时的用法及区别 新课教学：

【New words and expressions】

sticky adj.黏

sticky fingers sticky rice

I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers.have sticky fingers手脚不干净

The boy who has sticky fingers has been fired many times.手脚不干净的那个男孩已经被开除很多次了。stick n.棍棒

a walking stick拐棍，手杖 v.粘贴 stuck stuck sticking Dust could stick to the clothing easily.v.坚持，坚守，不放弃

stick to one„s position/ view/ opinion/rules

finger

n.pie n.馅饼

I decided to make some meat pies.an apple pie some pumpkin pies as easy as pie易如反掌，轻而易举

mix ① vt.使混和，拌和 mix A and B I was busy mixing butter and flour.我忙着搅和黄油和面粉 mix A into B You can mix some salt into the flour.你可以在面粉混合一些盐。

mix A with B

Oil does not mix with water.② vi.交往，相处

I’m not going to mix with those people.我不打算和那些人来往。Mary doesn’t mix much.玛丽不太和人交往。

mixed adj.混合的 a mixed school pastry n.面糊,糕点

My hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.我的手沾满糕点。

annoying

adj.令人烦恼的

Nothing could have been more annoying.annoyed

adj.感到烦恼的

annoy v.使烦恼

annoyed annoyed annoying

You shouldn't annoy him.receiver n.电话的话筒，收款员，接待者 I picked up the receiver between sticky fingers.我选了接收机之间的黏糊糊的手指。

At last, I hung up the receiver.最后，我挂上了电话。

speak to sb和某人讲电话

answer the phone接电话

hang on/ hold on等一下

put down/ hang up the receiver挂电话

receive vt.收到；受到 receive a letter receive a gift receive education受教育

dismay

v.n.失望，泄气 disappoint I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我很沮丧，当我听出是海伦贝茨的声音。

dismayed

adj.泄气的dismaying adj.令人泄气的

to one's dismay

让某人失望的是.....be dismayed at sth

对.....感到失望 We are dismayed at the news.我们沮丧的消息。

recognize v.认出，听出

I was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我很沮丧，当我听出是海伦贝茨的声音。

recognize an old friend 认出一个老朋友

recognize属于心理状态的动词，不用于进行时

know, realize, imagine, agree, recognize, want, prefer, love, hate等心理状态的词一般不用于进行时

recognition n.认出

persuade v.说服，劝说

It took me ten minutes to persuade her ring back later.我花了十分钟才说服她过会儿再来电话。

persuade sb to do sth劝服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth persuade sb into doing sth劝服某人做某事 We persuade them to join us.我们说服他加入我们。

We persuade them into joining us.我们说服他们加入我们。

persuade sb out of doing说服某人不要做某事 He persuade me out of swimming.他说服我去游泳。

劝说未成功时用“try to persuade sb to do sth”

She tried to persuade her father to give up smoking.她试图说服父亲戒烟。

persuasive adj.有说服力的，令人信服的a persuasive opinion 有说服力的意见

mess n.乱七八糟 What a mess!真是糟糕透了！

You are a mess!你真邋遢!

make a mess of sth.把……搅得乱七八糟 He made a mess of my job.他搞砸了我的工作。

at sixes and sevens乱七八糟

be in a(great)mess处于混乱之中 My bedroom is in a great mess.我的卧室是一塌糊涂。

doorknob

n.门把手

There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs.我手指上都是面糊，在电话里，在门上。

sign

v.签字

This time it was a postman and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!

这次是邮递员，他要我签收一封挂号信！

sign for

签收

sign for a parcel

签收包裹

I signed for a letter this moring.我今天早上签署了一封信。

n.记号，符号

There are many public signs in the park.公园里有许多公共标志。

register v.挂号邮寄 registered letters挂号信

He wanted me to sign for a registered letter.他要我签收一封挂号信。

v.登记、注册

register at a hotel

登记入住旅馆

register the birth of a child register at a school

课文讲解：

After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops.早饭后, 我送孩子们上学, 然后就去了商店.send sb to sp送某人去某地

send sb to do sth派某人去做某事 I sent her to Beijing yesterday.我给她昨天到北京。

I sent her to get some milk yesterday.我给她买点牛奶昨天。

It was still early when I returned home.The children were at school, my husband was at work and the house was quiet.我回到家时, 时间还早.孩子们在上学, 我丈夫在上班,家里清静得很.return不能和back连用 return to sp return to school return to Shanghai at school在上学 at work在工作

So I decided to make some meat pies.In a short time I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.于是我决定做些肉馅饼.不一会儿我就忙着调拌起了黄油和面粉,很快我的手上就沾满了粘粘的面糊.decide to do sth决定做某事

He decided to study abroad next year.他决定明年去国外学习。

in a short time ＝

in a short while 不久,一会儿

In a short time I was all wet in the rain.在很短的时间，我被雨淋湿。

be busy(in)doing sth

He is busy in writing his letters.他在写他的信很忙。

be busy with sth They are busy with study day and night.他们忙于日夜研究。

be covered with被…所覆盖

The road was covered with snow.道路被雪覆盖。

Every inch of the floor space was covered with books.地板的每一寸空间满了书。

At exactly that moment, the telephone rang.Nothing could have been more annoying.恰恰在此时, 电话铃响了.没有什么能比这更烦人了.at exactly that moment=at that very moment=just at that moment

ring

v.环绕，使（如铃）响，打电话给

ring, rang, rung As soon as he got home, the phone rang.当他到家时，电话铃响了。

He heard the school bell ring.他听到学校的钟声。

n.戒指，铃声

I got a ring for Christmas.我对圣诞节的一环。

Exactly

用于加强语气，表示“正”、“恰恰”：

That's exactly what I wanted to tell you.Nothing could have been cheaper.No books could be more interesting.I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers and was dismayed when I recognized the voice of Helen Bates.我用两个沾满面糊的手指捏起了话筒.当我听出是海伦·贝茨的声音时, 非常丧气.pick up the receiver拿起电话机子 pick it up拿起它

It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.我用了10 分钟的时间才说服她过会儿再来电话.It takes sb some time to do sth

ring back回电话

I decide to ring back a minute later.我决定回一分钟后。

I will ring you back.At last I hung up the receiver.What a mess!There was pastry on my fingers, on the telephone, and on the doorknobs.我终于挂上了话筒。真是糟糕透了！我的手指上、电话机上以及门的把手上，都沾上了面糊。

hang v.悬挂，绞死

hang-hanged-hanged-hanging绞死

hang-hung-hung-hanging悬挂

He was hung.There are many pictures hung on the wall.在墙上挂着许多照片。

I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.我刚回到厨房, 门铃又响了起来, 响声足以把死人唤醒.no sooner……than……一……就……= hardly…when

主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时。I had no sooner reached home than it began to rain.我还没有到家就开始下雨了。

No sooner...than...常放在句首,表示强调.这时主句要倒装 No sooner had I reached home than it began to rain.没有我刚到家就开始下雨了。

the dead= the dead people the+adj.某一类人，谓语动词用复数 The old are respected in our country.在我们国家老人受到尊重。

the rich富人

the poor穷人 the deaf聋子

the young年轻人 the old老年人

enough enough+n.adj./adv.+enough He has enough money to buy a car.他有足够的钱来买一辆车。

You don’t relax enough.你不放松，足够。

You are not driving fast enough.你车开得不够快。

She is a beautiful enough girl.她是一个足够美丽的女孩。

This time it was the post man and he wanted me to sign for a registered letter!这次是邮递员, 他要我签收一封挂号信!

would like to do sth=want to do sth

课堂小结: ：no sooner……than……一……就……=

hardly…when

主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去式。

作业布置: 1 重点单词和短语4+1，练习题10个选择题 背单词及课文中重点句型。

教学反思：

第二篇：第54课 新概念英语第二册第54课教案

新概念英语第二册第54课学案 1.sticky adj 粘的，黏糊糊的

*meet a sticky end 落得悲惨的下场，倒霉 *stick 1)n.棍，树枝

==walking stick 手杖，拐杖 *the carrot and the stick 软硬兼施 2）v.插入，刺穿 3)v.粘住

*stick a stamp on a letter ==stick to sth 坚持某事 *stick at = keep on doing sth *sticky fingers 手指粘，好偷东西 2.finger n.手指

*cross one’s fingers 祝好运，祈祷 3.mix v.掺和，混合 *mixed adj 混合的

*mix A with B 把AB混合起来 *a mixed school 男女混合学校 *mixture n.混合物 *mixer n.搅拌机,交际家 4.pastry n.面糊 *paste n.面团，浆糊 5.annoy v.使不悦，惹恼 *annoying adj 令人生气的（物）*annoyed adj 感到生气的（人）6.receiver n.电话听筒 *pick up the receiver 拿起听筒 *put down / hung up the receiver *receive v.收到 *accept v.接受 7.dismay

1)v.使……气馁/失望/惊讶

Part 1 Words

*be dismayed at 对…..失望 2)n.惊讶，气馁，灰心

*to one’s dismay 使人惊讶的是，使人灰心的是 8.recognize

1）v.认出，听出，识别出 Eg.recognize your voice 2).承认，认可，认识到 Eg.He recognized his mistake.9.persuade v.说服，劝说 *persuade sb to do sth

*persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 *persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不去做某事 *persuade sb of sth 使某人信服某事 *persuade sb that

*persuasion n.说服，劝说，信念，见解 *persuasive adj 有说服力的 10.mess

1）n.脏或乱的状态 Eg.You are a mess.你真邋遢 What a mess!太乱了

*be at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟

*mess around = mess about 鬼混，无所事事 11.sign 1)n.标记，标识

Eg.a traffic sign 交通标识 2)v.签署，签名 Eg.Please sign here.12.register 1)v.登记，注册

Eg.register at a hotel 登记入住旅馆 *check in 登记入住 *check out 登记离开 2)n.登记，注册

Eg.a household register 户口登记薄 Part 2 Grammar  a, the, some, any

*some 和any 表示不定数量的代词，相当于“一些”讲时，前者多用于肯定句，而后者多用于否定句和疑问句

Eg.I want some infromation.I don’t want any information.Do you want any information? *some 也可用于以can, may, could, would, how about, what about why not 开头的问句中 *the

1)the +adj 表示一类人

Eg.the rick 富人

the poor 穷人 2)the +adj/adv最高级 3)the +序数词

4)the + 姓氏复数 表示一家人，做主语，相当于复数 5)the+ 世界上独一无二的事物 Eg.the Earth 地球

the Sun 太阳 6)the b表示特指

Eg.The girl in red is my sister.7)第一次提到用a/an , 第二次提到用the Eg.I bought a car.The car is nice.8)the +江河湖海山脉 Eg, the Yellow River 黄河 9)the+乐器 Eg.play the piano Part 3 Text

1.After breakfast, I sent the children to school and then I went to the shops.*after breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner 三餐前五冠词 ==若三餐前有adj，则加a/an

*registration n.登记，注册

Eg.have a nice lunch

*sent sb to school 送某人去上学 ==go to school 去上学（前无冠词）*go to the shops 去商店

2.In a short time, I was busy mixing butter and flour and my hands were soon covered with sticky pastry.*in a short time/while 很快 *be busy doing sth 忙着做某事 *be covered with 被覆盖

3.I picked up the receiver between two sticky fingers.*pick up 拾起，捡起，接受节目，去接某人

4.It took me ten minutes to persuade her to ring back later.*it takes/took sb some time to do sth *persuade sb to do sth 5.At last I hung up the receiver.*hang up the receiver = put down the receiver 挂断电话

*pick up the receiver 拿起电话 *Hold on, please.请稍等（别挂断）

6.I had no sooner got back to the kitchen than the doorbell rang loud enough to wake the dead.*主语+had no sooner +done sth that +从句（一般过去时）.一………就

第三篇：新概念英语第二册第18课

Lesson 18 He often does this!他经常干这种事！

After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.'Did you have a good meal?‟ he asked.'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill.I haven't got my bag.'

The landlord smiled and immediately went out.In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.'I'm very sorry,' he said.'My dog had taken it into the garden.He often does this!' New words and expressions 生词和短语

pub n.小酒店 landlord n.店主 bill n.帐单 参考译文

我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。

“您吃得好吗？”他问。

“很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。”

酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。

“实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！” 1.He often does this!他经常干这种事！

he 在这里指代的是狗。动物通常用it来代表，即被看成像东西一样。但是，指宠物、家畜或民间故事中的动物时，我们经常也用he, she, who等，即使得它们“人格化”并具有性别。用阴性代词指某个动物或东西时尤其有一种亲切的含义：

e.g.我有一只小猫。她每天早上喝牛奶。I have a little cat.She drinks milk every morning.乔治的鹦鹉亨利能说几个单词。只要有灯光他就叫。George‟s parrot ['pærət], Henry, can speak a few words.He always calls when there are lights.2.After I had had lunch at a village pub, I looked for my bag.我在一家乡村小酒店吃过午饭后，就找我的提包。

1)after

过去完成时态常同表示时间状语的从属连词after 一同使用，如：

e.g.他把信全写完后干了些家务活。After he‟d written all her letters, she did some housework.假如从句中先于主句谓语动词动作发生的那个动词动作很短暂，常可用一般过去时来代替过去完成时态，如：e.g.他把猫放出去后，它就跑开钻进了灌木丛。

After she put the cat out, it ran off into the bushes.但是，当两个分句为同一主语时，更早发生的那个动作通常用过去完成时态来表示。如： e.g.他送走她后就锁上门，睡觉去了。(see sb.off 1.为„送行；送别2.(BrE)赶走，驱逐(某人))After he had seen her off, he locked the door and went to bed.2)have在have lunch这个词组中是完全动词而不是助动词，因此，像其他完全动词一样，它的过去完成时要加助动词had.3)pub [pʌb] n.(also formal public house)(both BrE)a building where people go to drink and meet their friends.Pubs serve alcoholic [ˌælkəˈhɔlik] and other drinks, and often also food.酒吧；酒馆(在英国英语的口语中较常见)e.g.咱们去酒吧喝杯酒吧。Let‟s go to the pub for a drink.他们下酒馆喝酒去了。They‟ve gone down the pub for a drink.去酒吧喝酒 go round to the pub for a drink 1 酒馆供的午餐 a pub lunch 当地酒馆的老板 the landlord of the local pub bar

n.a place where you can buy and drink alcoholic and other drinks酒吧

wine bar n.a bar or small restaurant where wine is the main drink available(主要供应葡萄酒的)酒吧；小酒馆

inn n.1.(old-fashioned BrE)a pub, usually in the country and often one where people can stay the night(通常指乡村的，常可夜宿的)小酒店

2.(AmE)a small hotel, usually in the country(通常指乡村的)小旅馆；客栈

e.g.住客栈 stay at an inn 4)look for(sb./sth)to try to findsb./sth.寻找；寻求 look for强调“寻找”这个动作或过程，而不涉及结果。

e.g.我到处寻找我的钥匙，但还是没找到。

I looked for my key everywhere, but I couldn‟t find it.我正在找我的包。I am looking for my bag.找工作 to look for a job find v.~sth(for sb.)/~(sb.)sth.to get back sth./sb.that was lost after searching for it/them找到；找回(强调结果，不能用于进行时态)e.g.你能帮我找我的包吗？Can you find my bag for me?/Can you find me my bag? find v.to discover sb./sth.unexpectedly or by chance(意外或偶然地)发现，碰到

e.g.我们在办公室附近发现了一家挺好的新餐馆。

We‟ve found a great new restaurant near the office.他醒来后发现自己在医院里。When he woke up, he found himself in hospital.find out(about sth./sb.)/find out sth.(about sth./sb.)to get some information about sth./sb.by asking, reading, etc.查明，弄清(情况)强调经过研究努力之后发现、找出、搜出结果。e.g.我还没有发现有关他的什么情况。I haven‟t found anything out about him yet.你能查清楚会议什么时候开始吗？Can you find out what time the meeting starts? 后来我们才弄清楚我们是校友。We found out later that we had been at the same school.3.I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasn't there!我曾把它放在门边的椅子上，可这会儿不见了！

1)leave [li:v] v., n.v.(left, left)1.vi.& vt.to go away from a person or a place离开(某人或某处)e.g.离开某地 to leave some place 离开去某地 to leave for some place [v] 飞机于12：00起飞前往北京。The plane leaves for Beijing at 12:00.[vn] 飞机于8：00在希思罗机场起飞。The plane leaves Heathrow at 8:00.2.to make or allow sb./sth.to remain in a particular condition, place, etc.使保留，让„处于(某种状态、某地等)e.g.[vn-adj.] 请把门开着吧。Leave the door open, please.[vn-ing] 别让她在外边雨里等着。Don‟t leave her waiting outside in the rain.[vn to inf] 把米饭煮20分钟。Leave the rice to cook for 20 minutes.让他们保持原样。Leave them as they are.3.vt.~sth./sb.(behind)to go away from a place without taking sb./sth.with you忘了带；丢下： e.g.我把包丢在公共汽车上了。I‟ve left my bag on the bus.别忘了带上自己的随身物品。Don‟t leave any of your belongings behind.他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。He wasn‟t well, so we had to leave him behind.4.vt.to not do sth.or deal with sth.immediately不立刻做；不马上处理： e.g.你怎么什么事都留到最后一刻才处理？

Why do you always leave everything until the last moment? 5.(be left)vt.to remain to be used, sold, etc.留下备用(或销售等)e.g.还有咖啡剩下吗？Is there any coffee left? 6.to make sth.happen or remain as a result使发生；造成，使留下为(某种结果)： e.g.她给我的印象是她不满意自己的工作。

She left me with the impression that she was unhappy with her job.IDM: leave go(of sth.)(BrE, informal)to stop holding on to sth.松手；撒手；放开： e.g.放开我的手臂-你把我弄痛了。Leave go of my arm-you‟re hurting me!对比：let sb./sth.go / let go(of sb./sth.)放开；松手 Phr.v.1.leave sth.aside to not consider sth.不予考虑；搁置一边 e.g.且不说费用多少，我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗？

Leaving the expense aside, do we actually need a second car? 对比：set sth.aside 1.把„放到一旁(或搁到一边)2.暂时不考虑(或放一放)2.leave sb./sth.off(sth.)to not include sb./sth.on a list, etc.不把„列入；不包括；不含： e.g.我们未把他列入名单。We left him off the list.3.be left over(from sth.)to remain when all that is needed has been used剩下；残留： e.g.饭菜剩下了不少。There was lots of food left over.n.[u]

1.a period of time when you are allowed to be away from work for a holiday/vacation or for a special reason假期；休假：

e.g.带薪/不带薪休假一个月 to take a month‟s paid/unpaid leave on leave休假中

to be on maternity/study leave 休产假；脱产进修(maternity [məˈtɜ:nɪti:] n.[u] 母亲身份；怀孕)你们的年假有多长？How much annual [ˈænjuəl] leave do you get? 2.~(to do sth.)(formal)official permission to do sth.准许；许可： e.g.未经许可擅离职守 to be absent without leave 2)beside [bi'said] prep.1.next to or at the side of sb./sth.在旁边(或附近)：

e.g.整个晚上他都坐在她的身边。He sat beside her all night.过来坐在我们旁边吧。Come and sit beside us.门旁边有一把椅子。There is a chair beside the door.2.compared with sb./sth.与„相比：

e.g.同你的相比，我的画显得很幼稚。My painting looks childish beside yours.(childish ['tʃaɪldɪʃ] adj.1.孩子的；孩子气的；稚嫩的 2.(成人)幼稚的；天真的)IDM: beside yourself(with sth.)unable to control yourself because of the strength of emotion you are feeling(情绪上)失去自制力；失常：

e.g.我告诉他我做了什么事，他就勃然大怒。

He was beside himself with rage when I told him what I had done.(rage [reidʒ] n.[u, c] 暴怒；狂怒)besides [bi'saidz] prep., adv.prep.in addition to sb./sth.;apart from sb./sth.除„之外(还)：

e.g.除了音乐，我们还有很多共通点。We have lots of things in common besides music.(have sth.in common(with sb.)(人)(想法、兴趣等方面)相同

have sth.in common(with sth.)(东西、地方等)有相同的特征(或特点等))

除了当医生之外，他在业余时间还写小说。

Besides working as a doctor, he also writes novels ['nɔvl](n.(长篇)小说)in his spare time.除了我的父母，我没有其他亲人。I‟ve got no family besides my parents.除了我们以外，晚会上还有许多(其他)人。There were a lot of people at the party besides us.adv.1.used for making an extra comment that adds to what you have just said 而且；再说：

e.g.我并不真的想去。而且现在太晚了。I don‟t really want to go.Besides, it‟s too late now.我今天很忙，而且我还感冒得厉害。I‟m quite busy today.Besides, I‟ve got a bad cold.2.in addition;also此外；以及；也：

e.g.此外，她还有许多其他事要做。She has so much else to do besides.besides / apart from / except besides 作介词表示除„之外(还)e.g.除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？What other sports do you like besides football? 指仅有某事物不包括在内用except: e.g.除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。I like all sports except football.上述两种含义均可用apart from: e.g.除足球外你还喜欢哪些运动？What other sports do you like apart from football? 除足球外我喜欢所有的运动。I like all sports apart from football.except, except for与apart from 三者都表示“除„以外”，有时可以互相代替使用： e.g.每个人都帮了点忙，只有你没有。

Everyone has helped in some way apart from/except for/except you.除了这些书以外我再没有其他书了。I have no other books except/except for these.但是except不用于句首，except for/apart from则可以：

e.g.除了你，每个人都帮了点忙。Apart from/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way.4.As I was looking for it, the landlord came in.当我正在寻找时，酒店老板走了进来。landlord ['lændlɔ:d] n.1.a man from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.房东；地主

2.(BrE)a man who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)店主；老板(guest house n.1.(BrE)a small hotel小旅馆 2.(AmE)(大房子旁供客人居住的)客房)landlady ['lændleɪdi] n.(pl.--ies)1.a woman from whom you rent a room, a house, etc.女房东；女地主

2.(BrE)a woman who owns or manages a pub or a guest house(酒吧或招待所的)女店主；老板娘

复合名词的多种构成方式：

1)n.+ n.构成复合名词

e.g.silk((蚕)丝)+ worm(蠕虫，虫子)构成复合名词 silkworm(蚕)

blood + test 构成复合名词 blood-test(验血)2)adj.+ n.构成复合名词

e.g.double-dealer n.(informal)a dishonest person who deceives other people两面派；口是心非者(dealer n.1.~(in sth.)交易商；贸易商 2.贩毒者；毒品贩子)shorthand

n.1.[u] 速记(法)2.[u, c] ~(for sth.)(对某事)简略的表达方式 3)v.+ n.构成复合名词 e.g.pickpocket 扒手；小偷

breakwater a wall built out into the sea to protect the shore or harbour from the force of the waves防波堤

4)n.+ 现在分词(v-ing)构成复合名词

e.g.handwriting n.[u] 1.手写；书写 2.笔迹；书法

sun-bathing

[bɑ:θɪŋ] 日光浴

5)v.+ adv.构成复合名词

e.g.get-together n.(informal)an informal meeting;a party(非正式的)会议；聚会；联欢会 e.g.家庭圣诞聚会 a family get-together at Christmas

breakthrough n.重大进展；突破 e.g.作出/取得突破性进展 to make/achieve a breakthrough 6)adv.+ v.构成复合名词

e.g.downfall 衰落；衰败；垮台

outbreak(暴力、疾病等坏事的)爆发，突然发生 e.g.战争的爆发 the outbreak of war lord [lɔ:d] n.(in Britain)贵族；勋爵(统称)；(usually the Lord)主；上帝 e.g.as drunk as a lord酩酊大醉

IDM:(good)Lord！oh Lord!(表示惊讶、讨厌或忧虑)主啊，天哪！

duke [dju:k] 公爵 marquis [ˈmɑ:kwɪs] 侯爵 earl [ɜ:l] 伯爵 viscount [ˈvaɪˌkaʊnt]子爵 baron [ˈbærən] 男爵sir统称爵士

Sir n.(a title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 用于男爵或从男爵名字之前的尊称)爵士(baronet ['bærənit] n.从男爵)（knight n.(近代英国的)爵士）

e.g.詹姆斯·威尔逊爵士

Sir James Wilson 詹姆斯爵士

Sir James（不能称Sir Wilson）5.'Did you have a good meal?’ he asked.您吃得好吗？”他问。

6.'Yes, thank you,' I answered, 'but I can't pay the bill.I haven't got my bag.'“很好，谢谢。”我回答，“但我付不了帐，我的提包没有了。” bill [bil] n., v.n.1.a piece of paper that shows how much you owe [əu] sb.for goods or services账单 e.g.电话费/电费/煤气费账单 the telephone/electricity/gas bill 她总是按时支付账单。She always pays her bills on time.pay the bill付账单

2.(esp.BrE)(AmE usually check)a piece of paper that shows how much you have to pay for the food and drinks that you have had in a restaurant(餐馆的)账单： e.g.买单！Bill, please!

我们结账吧。Let‟s ask for the bill.3.(AmE)=note 纸币： e.g.一张十美元的钞票 a ten-dollar bill 4.a written suggestion for a new law that is presented to a country‟s parliament so that its members can discuss it(提交议会讨论的)议案，法案： e.g.提出/通过/否决一项议案 to introduce/approve/reject a bill(introduce v.将(法案)提交讨论

approve v.1.[v] ~(of sb./sth.)赞成；同意 2.[vn] 批准，通过(计划、提案、要求等)reject v.拒绝接受；不予考虑)教育改革法案 the Education Reform Bill

5.a programme of entertainment at a theatre, etc.(剧院等的)节目单： e.g.head the bill / top the bill 领衔主演，挂头牌

领衔演出的是汤姆.汉克斯。Topping the bill(=the most important performer)is Tom Hanks.5(top v.1.居„之首；为„之冠 2.高于，超过(某一数量))6.a notice in a public place to advertise [ˈædvətaiz] an event 海报；招贴；广告synonym: poster e.g.电影海报 a movie bill

禁止张贴！No bills!IDM: fill/fit the bill to be what is needed in a particular situation or for a particular purpose符合要求；合格：(fill v.1.~(sth)(with sth)(使)充满，装满，注满，填满 2.vt.满足

fit v.1.(形状和尺寸)适合；合身2.vt.安置，安装 3.(使)与„一致，和„相称，符合)e.g.从书面材料看，有几位申请人符合条件。On paper, several of the applicants fit the bill.(applicant [ˈæplikənt] n.~(for sth.)申请人(尤指求职、进高等学校等))v.1.vt.~sb.(for sth.)to send sb.a bill for sth.开账单，发账单(要求付款)： e.g.请将所购的书开列账单。Please bill me for the books.2.vt.[usually passive]~sb./sth.as sth.to advertise or describe sb./sth.in a particular way把(某人或事物)宣传为„

e.g.他被宣传为新汤姆.克鲁斯。He was billed as the new Tom Cruise.3.[vn to inf] [usually passive] to advertise that sb./sth.will do sth.宣布„将做某事： e.g.海报上说她要发表题为“中国----昨天和今天”的演讲。

She was billed to speak on „China---Yesterday and Today.‟

bill of exchange n.(pl.bills of exchange)(business商)a written order to pay a sum of money to a particular person on a particular date 汇票

bill of rights n.[sing] a written statement of the basic rights of the citizens(n.[ˈsitizən] 公民)of a country权利宣言；人权宣言

bill of sale n.(pl.bills of sale)(business商)an official document showing that sth.has been bought转让契据；卖据

7.The landlord smiled and immediately went out.酒店老板笑了笑，马上走了出去。immediately adv.=at once, right away 立刻，马上

8.In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me.一会儿工夫他拿着我的提包回来了，把它还给了我。

give it back to me=return it to me 及物动词give常用的含义是“给予”、“交给”： e.g.请给我一些水。Give me some water, please.我上个月曾借给他一些书。他今天上午都还给我了。

I lent him some books last month and he has given them back to me this morning.可以看出，give与back连用时，它的意义并没有发生太大的变化。但是，当它与其他副词连用时，意义往往会有变化，有时变化非常大： 1.give sb.back sth./give sth.back(to sb.)1)to return sth.to its owner还；归还；送回：

e.g.把钢笔还给我好吗？Could you give me back my pen? / Could you give me my pen back? 把它还给我！Give it me back!我把它捡起来还给了他。I picked it up and gave it back to him.2)to allow sb.to have sth.again使恢复；使重新获得：

e.g.手术使他的双腿恢复了功能。The operation gave him back the use of his legs.2.give sth away

1)to give sth.as a gift赠送；捐赠：

e.g.他把他的大部分钱都捐赠给了慈善事业。He gave away most of his money to charity.(charity n.(pl.-ies)1.[c] 慈善机构(或组织)2.[u] 慈善；赈济；施舍 3.[u] 慈善；仁爱；宽容；宽厚)

他把所有的书都赠给了这家图书馆。He gave away all his books to the library.2)to present sth.颁发；分发：

e.g.市长在学校运动会那天颁发了奖项。

The mayor gave away the prizes at the school sports day.(mayor [mɛə] n.市长，镇长)3)to carelessly allow sb.to have an advantage失去，丧失，错失(优势)： e.g.他们已白送对手两分了。They‟ve given away two goals already.(goal n.1.(足球、曲棍球等)球门 2.射门；进球得分 3.目标；目的)give sth./sb.away to make known sth.that sb.wants to keep secret泄露；暴露 e.g.有人向警方告发了他。Someone gave him away to the police.她把机密泄露给了敌人。She gave away the secrets to the enemy.[ˈenimi] 3.give in(to sb./sth.)

1)to admit that you have been defeated by sb./sth.屈服；认输；投降： e.g.他们被迫投降了。They were forced to give in.2)to agree to do sth.that you do not want to do让步；勉强同意：

e.g.你想干什么就干什么。我决不屈服。You can do what you like.I will never give in.give sth.in(to sb.)to hand over sth.to sb.in authority呈上；交上：

e.g.考卷做好后就交上来。Give in your examination papers after you‟ve finished.把练习册交给我。Give in your exercise books to me.4.give up to stop trying to do sth.投降；认输；放弃： e.g.他们不战而降。They gave up without a fight.她决不轻易认输。She doesn‟t give up easily.我猜不着了，把答案告诉我吧。I give up---tell me the answer.give sth.up [no passive] to stop doing or having sth.放弃，抛弃，终止，停止，辞去 e.g.(1)医生让他戒烟。The doctor told him to give up smoking.(2)婚后她就辞去了工作。After she got married she gave up her job.give sth.up(to sb.)to hand sth.over to sb.else交出，让出

e.g.他们勇敢地战斗了近一周，可是最后不得不向敌人缴械投降。

They fought bravely for about a week, but they had to give up their arms to the enemy at last.他把座位让给了一位老妇人。He gave up his seat to an old lady(=stood up to allow her to sit down).give yourself/sb.up(to sb.)to offer yourself/sb.to be captured 自首；投案；投降

(capture [ˈkæptʃə] vt.1.俘虏；俘获；捕获 2.用武力夺取；攻取；攻占3.夺得；赢得；争得)e.g.他逃跑一周后向警方投案自首了。After a week on the run he gave himself up to the police.give yourself up to sth.= give yourself over to sth.to spend all your time doing sth.or thinking about sth.;to allow sth.to completely control your life致力于；沉溺于： e.g.当他还是个小男孩的时候，他就决定把一生献给足球事业。

When he was only a small boy, he decided to give himself up to football.5.give off sth.to produce sth.such as a smell, heat, light, etc.发出，放出(气味、热、光等)： e.g.花儿散发着芳香。The flowers gave off a fragrant perfume.(fragrant [ˈfreɪgrənt] adj.香的；芳香的 perfume [ˈpə:fju:m] n.[c, u] 香水；香料；香味，香气)6.give out

1)to come to an end;to be completely used up用完；耗尽：

e.g.一个月以后他们的食物储备消耗殆尽。After a month their food supplies gave out.她最终忍无可忍了。Her patience finally gave out.2)to stop working 停止运行；停止运转： e.g.飞机飞到大西洋中部时一个发动机失灵了。

One of the plane‟s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.give sth.out to give sth.to a lot of people分发；散发：

e.g.老师分发了试卷。The teacher gave out the exam papers.give out sth.1)to produce sth.such as heat, light, etc.发出，放出(热、光等)2)[often passive](esp.BrE)to tell people about sth.or broadcast sth.公布；宣布；播放 9.'I'm very sorry,' he said.'My dog had taken it into the garden.He often does this!'“实在抱歉，”他说，“我的狗把它弄到花园里去了，他常干这种事！” take 带走(把某人/物带到某地)~sth.(with you)/ ~sth.(to sb.)/ ~(sb.)sth.to carry or move sth.from one place to another 携带；拿走；取走；运走

e.g.请替我把这送到银行去好吗？Take this to the bank for me, would you? bring 带来(为某人带去某物)~sb./sth.(with you)/ ~sth.(for sb.)/ ~(sb.)sth.to come to a place with sb./sth.带„到某处；带来；取来

e.g.别忘了把书带来。Don‟t forget to bring your books with you.fetch “去拿(某物)来”的动作(去取)是双向动作。(esp.BrE)to go to where sb./sth.is and bring them/it back(去)拿来；(去)请来

e.g.她去学校接孩子了。She‟s gone to fetch the kids from school.你能帮我去取我的包吗？Could you fetch me my bag?

have的用法小结

一、have作为助动词构成各种完成时(包括过去、现在、将来)和完成进行时：

e.g.我今天上午没见过他。I haven‟t seen him this morning.我打电话的时候，杰克已经走了。When I rang, Jack had already left.二、have与to一起构成情态动词 have to，表示“不得不”、“必须”, 它比must更含有“客观条件使得必须如此做”的意思，可用于各种时态。如：

e.g.格林先生为了谋生不得不拼命干活。Mr.Green has to work very hard to earn a living.昨晚我只得早点离开晚会，我不大舒服。

I had to leave the party early last night.I wasn‟t very well.我们明天必须起得很早。We will have to get up very early tomorrow.我咳嗽的厉害，今天必须去诊所看看。

I shall have to go to the clinic ['klinik] today for my bad cough.[kɔf] [注]口语中的I have got to, you have got to 等=I have to, you have to.Have I got to? 和 Do I have to?这两种疑问形式均可用。

三、have用于“情态动词＋have＋过去分词”的结构，有推测、假设之意。

1.must＋have＋过去分词，表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测，表示“一定”、“准是”的意思。一般用于肯定句。如：

e.g.你一定是误会了我的意图。You must have mistaken my intention.She must have been very young when she got married.她结婚时一定很年轻。

你肯定把你的包落在剧院了。You must have left your bag in the theatre.2.can(could)＋have＋过去分词，常用于否定句和疑问句。表示对过去发生事情的“可能性”。而could较can更加表示说话人的“不肯定的”语气。如：

e.g.他会是走了吗？Can he have left already? 她会把我的地址忘记了吗？Could she have forgotten my address? 不可能是亨利，他已经去工厂了。It couldn‟t have been Henry.He has gone to the factory.8 他当然不可能这么早到这里的。Surely he can not have arrived so early.He can‟t have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.3.should＋have＋过去分词，这时句子指的是过去的事情。如果是肯定句，常说明某件事本应完成而未完成；如果是否定句，表示发生了不应当发生的事情。如： e.g.他应早一点来。He should have come earlier.你见了红灯本应该停车。You should have stopped at the red light.你不应当未经医生许可就回去工作。

You should not have gone back to work without the doctor‟s permission.四、have作实意动词。

1.have作状态动词，不用于进行时：

1)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to own, hold or possess sth.表示“具有”、“拥有”讲时(相当于own, possess)，它和have got通常可以互换。

e.g.他有一栋房子。

He owns a house./ He has a house./ He has got a house./ He possesses a house.在英国英语中，疑问句和否定句中have(具有)的用法与be相同，即可以不用助动词do(或did)。

e.g.---你有邮票吗？Have you got the stamps?

----天哪，它们在哪儿呢？我刚才还有的。

Good heavens, where are they? I had them a minute ago!我没有铅笔。I haven‟t got any pencils.在美国英语中，常用do, did等与have一起构成疑问句和否定句：

e.g.–你有铅笔吗？Do you have a pencil?---我没有铅笔。I don‟t have any pencils.这种形式在英国英语中现在也常见了。have作“具有”、“拥有”讲时是状态动词，不能用于进行时态或被动语态，它通常用于一般现在时：

e.g.如果你想要这些苹果你可以把它们拿走。我还有很多。

You can have these apples if you want them.I‟ve got a lot more.---那位是格林先生，他就是那位有5条狗的人。

That‟s Mr.Green.He‟s the man who has five dogs.---他一定非常喜欢动物，才会养5条狗。He must be very fond of animals to have five dogs.他有一辆福特牌汽车。He has(got)a Ford.在其他时态中，一般用have而不用have got: e.g.去年他有过一辆福特牌汽车。He had a Ford last year.这辆汽车我已用了3年了。I have had this car for three years.上星期吉米得了重感冒。Last week, Jimmy had a bad cold.2)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)be made up of由„组成： e.g.这个党在1999年时拥有1万名党员。In 1999 the party had 10,000 members.3)(also have got)(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to show a quality or feature显示出，带有(性质、特征)：

e.g.[vn] 他们勇气十足。They have a lot of courage.[vn-adj.] 他有一颗门牙掉了。He‟s got a front tooth missing.4)(also have got)vt.(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to suffer from an illness or a disease患病；得病；染病：e.g.我头疼。I‟ve got a headache.5)(also have got)[vn+adv./prep.](not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to place or keep sth.in a particular position 使放在；使保持(在)：

e.g.玛丽背对着我。Mary had her back to me.我不一会儿就网住了那条鱼。I soon had the fish in a net.2.have作实意动词时，还可以表示eat, drink, enjoy, take等意思，这时它是行为动词，可以用于包括进行时的各种时态；当have用于表示这些含义时，它必须与do和did等连用以构成疑问句和否定句。

1)Vt.to experience sth.经受；经历；经验：

e.g.我参加了几次聚会，过得很愉快。I went to a few parties and had a good time.他总有一天会出事的。She‟ll have an accident one day.2)Vt.to organize or hold an event组织；举办： e.g.我们来一次聚会吧。Let‟s have a party.3)Vt.to eat, drink or smoke sth.吃；喝；吸(烟等)e.g.I want to have a cup of tea and some eggs.我想喝杯茶，吃几个鸡蛋。

Does she have lunch at home? 她在家吃午饭吗？ 我等候的时候抽了一支烟。I had a cigarette while I was waiting.4)Vt.to perform a particular action进行(活动)

e.g.游泳 to have a swim(BrE)洗一下；冲淋浴；洗澡 to have a wash/shower/bath 5)vt.to give birth to sb./sth.生；生产：

e.g.她快生孩子了。She‟s going to have a baby.6)Vt.to produce a particular effect产生(效果)e.g.我当学生时，他的画对我产生过强烈的影响。

His paintings had a strong influence on me as a student 7)Vt.to be given sth.;to have sth.done to you得到；接受；受到

e.g.我正接受背部疾患的治疗。I‟m having treatment for my back problem.你到目前为止上过多少次驾驶课了？How many driving lessons have you had so far? 8)to cause sb./sth.to be in a particular state;to make sb.react in a particular way使处于(某状态)；使作出(某种反应)：

e.g.[vn-adj.] 我要求一切都得准时备妥。I want to have everything ready in good time.[vn-ing] 他抓住了听众的注意力。He had his audience listening attentively.(attentively [əˈtentɪvlɪ] adv.注意地；专心地；留心地；聚精会神地；周到地)9)Vt.(not usually used in the progressive tenses通常不用于进行时)to receive sth.from sb.收到；接到

e.g.我今天早晨收到了弟弟的一封信。I had a letter from my brother this morning.请给我账单。Can I have the bill, please? 3.have on sth.或have sth.on，表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。e.g.I noticed he had on slippers.我注意到他穿着拖鞋。4.组成复合结构即“have＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。

1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb.do sth.)，表示让、叫某人做某事。

e.g.The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.这个士兵让他背对着他父亲站着。

〔注〕：否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.e.g.我们不能让你把它归咎于他人。We won‟t have you blame it on others.She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.从未有人用那种方式跟她说过话。2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing)，表示让（使）某人做某事。

e.g.They had the children playing in the street all day.他们让孩子们一整天都在街上玩。3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)done)，表示：

(1)Vt.(used with a past participle与过去分词连用)~sth done to suffer the effects of what sb.else does to you蒙受(他人所为的后果)：

e.g.她的包被偷了。She had her bag stolen.(2)Vt.(used with a past participle与过去分词连用)~sth done to cause sth.to be done for you by sb.else让(他人)为你做(某事)：

e.g.你理发了！You‟ve had your hair cut!我们的车正在修理。We‟re having our car repaired.11

第四篇：新概念英语第二册第16课

Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a “No Parking” area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.' If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!New words and expressions 生词和短语

park v.停放（汽车）traffic n.交通

ticket [ˈtikit]

n.交通违规罚款单 note [nəut] n.便条area [ˈɛəriə]

n.地段 sign [sain] n.指示牌 reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə]

n.提示 fail [feil]

v.无视，忘记 obey [əˈbei]

v.服从

参考译文

一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。”如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

1.A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求

1)polite [pə'lait] adj.(politer, politest)more polite和most polite亦常见

1.having or showing good manners and respect for the feelings of others有礼貌的；客气的；儒雅的 synonym: courteous ['kə:tiəs]有礼貌的；客气的；(尤指)恭敬的，谦恭的 e.g.请礼貌待客。Please be polite to our guests.2.socially correct but not always sincere 应酬的；礼节性的；客套的： e.g.我不晓得怎么说应酬话。I don’t know how to make polite conversation.3.[only before noun] from a class of society that believes it is better than others上流社会的 adv.politely n.[u] politeness 2)request [riˈkwest]

n., v.n.~(for sth.)/ ~(that„)

1.the action of asking for sth.formally and politely(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求： e.g.他们要求再给一些帮助。They made a request for further aid.他按照经理的要求到了那里。

He was there at the request of his manager/at his manager’s request.(=because his manager had asked him to go)2.a thing that you formally ask for要求的事

e.g.广播点播节目 a radio request programme(=a programme of music, songs, etc.that listeners have asked for)v.~sth.(from sb.)(formal)to ask for sth.or ask sb.to do sth.in a polite or formal way(正式或礼貌地)请求；要求

e.g.[vn] 你可以索要一份免费的宣传单。You can request a free copy of the leaflet.(copy n.[c] 1.(书、报纸等的一本，一册，一份)2.[c] ~(of sth.)复印件，复制品)(leaflet [ˈli:flit]

n.散页印刷品；传单；宣传手册；广告手册)

[vn to inf] 请不要在餐馆里吸烟。You are requested not to smoke in the restaurant.他们要求他离开。They requested him to leave.[v that] 她要求下次开会前不要向任何人透露她的决定。

She requested that no one be told of her decision until the next meeting.她要求不要向任何人谈起她的决定。She requested that no one should be told of her decision.2.If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it.一旦你把汽车停错了地方，交通警很快就会发现。

1)英语中指每个人/任何人的不定代词通常是one: e.g.一个人永远不会知道明天将会发生什么事。(即大家都不知道)One can never know what will happen tomorrow.但在日常会话中，非正式的you则更为常用：

e.g.如果你进行一次环球旅行的话，你就会看到许多风景胜地。(you为泛指)If you make a journey around the world, you’ll see many beauty spots.2)park [pɑ:k]

v., n.v.1.to leave a vehicle that you are driving in a particular place for a period of time.停(车)；泊(车)e.g.[v] 此处不准停车。You can’t park here.[vn] 此处禁止停车。You can’t park the car here.2.[vn.+adv./prep.] ~yourself(informal)to sit or stand in a particular place for a period of time坐下(或站着)

e.g.她坐在床沿上。She parked herself on the edge of the bed.n.1.[c] an area of public land in a town or a city where people go to walk, play and relax公园 e.g.我们去公园散了散步。We went for a walk in the park.2.(in compounds构成复合词)an area of land used for a particular purpose专用区；园区 e.g.商业/科学园区

a business/science park 野生动物园 a wildlife park

(wildlife n.[u] 野生动物；野生生物)3.[c](in Britain)an enclosed area of land, usually with fields and trees, attached to a large country house(英国)庄园；庭院

4.[c](AmE)a piece of land for playing sports, esp.baseball 运动场；(尤指)棒球场

5.(the park)(BrE)a football or rugby field 足球场；橄榄球场(rugby [ˈrʌɡbi] n.[u] 橄榄球运动)3)句尾的it代指的是句子的整个if从句，即你把汽车停错了地方这件事。

parking n.[u] 1.the act of stopping a vehicle at a place and leaving it there for a period of time停车；泊车 e.g.上午九时至下午六时此处禁止停车。There is no parking here between 9 a.m.and 6 p.m.2.a space or an area for leaving vehicles 停车场；停车位

parking lot n.(AmE)an area where people can leave their cars 停车场

(lot [lɔt] n.[c](作某种用途的)一块地，场地)parking ticket(also ticket)n.违章停车传票 3)traffic [ˈtræfik]

n., v.n.[u]

1.the vehicles that are on a road at a particular time路上行驶的车辆；交通

e.g.繁忙的/高峰时刻的交通 heavy/rush-hour traffic 交通警察 traffic police

2.the movement of ships, trains, aircraft, etc.along a particular route(沿固定路线的)航行，行驶，飞行 e.g.空中交通管制 air traffic control 横渡大西洋的航行 transatlantic traffic

(transatlantic [ˌtrænsətˈlæntɪk ] adj.[obn] 1.横渡大西洋的；横越大西洋的 2.大西洋两岸国家的 3.在大西洋彼岸的；来自大西洋彼岸的)2 3.the movement of people or goods from one place to another运输；人流；货流： e.g.一国与另一国间的货物运输 the traffic of goods between one country and another 4.~(in sth.)illegal trade in sth.(非法的)交易，买卖

e.g.毒品的非法交易 the traffic in drugs

verb.(-ck-)phr.v.traffic in sth.to buy and sell sth.illegally(非法)进行„交易，做„买卖 e.g.从事毒品非法交易 to traffic in drugs

trafficker [ˈtræfikə]

n.从事违法勾当者e.g.毒品贩子 a drugs trafficker

trafficking n.[u] 非法交易e.g.被控贩毒 to be accused of drug trafficking

traffic jam n.a long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move or that can only move very slowly堵车；交通阻塞(jam [dʒæm] n.1.[u, c] 果酱 2.[c] 拥挤；堵塞)e.g.我们遇上了交通阻塞。We were stuck in a traffic jam.(stick v.(stuck, stuck)vi.~(in sth.)(在某物中)卡住，陷住，动不了)traffic light n.[c](also traffic lights [pl.])(AmE also stoplights [pl.])交通信号灯 4)police [pəˈli:s]

n.警察部门，警方(与the连用)： e.g.警车 a police car

一名男子被警方逮捕。A man was arrested by the police.警方总是为治安操心。The police always care for public order.你如果再不放开我，我就要叫警察了。If you don’t let me go, I’ll call the police.警察们正在盘问一名外国游客。The police are questioning a foreign tourist.vt.1.(of the police, army, etc.警察、军队等)to go around a particular area to make sure that nobody is breaking the law there 巡查；维护治安

e.g.边境将由联合国官员巡查。The border will be policed by UN officials.(official n.(often in compounds)要员；官员；高级职员 adj.[ubn] 正式的；官方的；官方授权的)2.(of a committee [kəˈmiti] , etc.委员会等)to make sure that a particular set of rules is obeyed监督；管制

police dog n.警犬

police force n.(国家、地区或城镇的)警力，警察部队 police officer n.(also officer)警察

police station(AmE also station house)n.警察局；警察分局；派出所 如果要单指一名警察，可以用policeman或policewoman: e.g.那边有一位交通警。你可以向他打听去车站的路怎么走。

There is a traffic policeman over there.You can ask him the way to the station.汤姆的姐姐是位(女)警察。Tom’s sister is a policewoman.3.You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket.如果他没给你罚单就放你走了，算你走运。

1)let sb.go

1.to allow sb.to be free 放，释放(某人)e.g.他们是否会释放人质？Will they let the hostages go?(hostage [ˈhɔstidʒ] n.人质)2.to make sb.have to leave their job解雇；开除： e.g.由于利润下降他们将不得不解雇100名员工。

They’re having to let 100 employees go because of falling profits.[ˈprɒfɪt] let sb./sth.go / let go(of sb./sth.)1.to stop holding sb./sth.放开；松手

e.g.那人抓住我的胳膊不放。The man won’t let go(of)my arm.别松开绳子。Don’t let go of the rope./ Don’t let the rope go.放手！你把我弄疼了。Let go!You’re hurting me!2.to give up an idea or an attitude, or control of sth.放弃，摒弃(想法、态度或控制)e.g.该忘掉过去了。It’s time to let the past go./ It’s time to let go of the past.let yourself go

1.to behave in a relaxed way without worrying about what people think of your behaviour 放松；随心所欲：e.g.来吧！尽情地玩，玩个痛快吧！Come on, enjoy yourself, let yourself go!2.to stop being careful about how you look and dress, etc.不注重仪表；不修边幅： e.g.他失业后就不修边幅了。He has let himself go since he lost his job.let me see/think used when you are thinking or trying to remember sth.让我想一想；让我思考一下 e.g.现在让我想想-他说他住在哪里呢？Now let me see-where did he say he lived? let sb.down to fail to help or support sb.as they had hoped or expected不能帮助，不能支持(某人)；使失望：

e.g.很遗憾，她让我们大失所望。I’m afraid she let us down badly.你尽管放心，这台机器不会出毛病。This machine won’t let you down.let sb.off(with sth.)to not punish sb.for sth.they have down wrong, or to give them only a light punishment不惩罚；放过；宽恕；从轻处罚

e.g.她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。She was let off with a warning.let sb.off sth.to allow sb.not to do sth.or not to go somewhere允许(某人)不做；准许(某人)不去(某处)e.g.他今天免了我们的家庭作业。He let us off homework today.let sth.off to fire a gun or make a bomb, etc.explode放(枪等)；使爆炸 e.g.那些男孩在放花炮。The boys were letting off fireworks.2)without a ticket 在这里指without giving you a ticket.3)ticket [ˈtikit] n., v.n.1.~(for/to sth.)a printed piece of paper that gives you the right to travel on a particular bus, train, etc.or to go into a theatre, etc.票；券；车票；戏票；入场券

e.g.公共汽车/戏/飞机票 a bus/theatre/plane ticket 演出的免费入场券 free tickets to the show 售票处；自动售票机 a ticket office/machine 2.a label [ˈleibəl] that is attached to sth.in a shop/store giving details of its price, size, etc.(商店中标明货物价格、尺码等的)标签

3.an official notice that orders you to pay a fine because you have done sth.illegal while driving or parking your car(交通违章)通知单，罚款单

e.g.违章停车/超速驾驶罚款单 a parking/speeding ticket 4.[usually sing.](esp.AmE)a list of candidates that are supported by a particular political party in an election(政党在选举中所支持的)候选人名单 e.g.他计划继续代表共和党参加 11 月份的选举。

He plans to remain on the Republican ticket for the November election.IDM: just the ticket(AmE, BrE)=just the job(BrE)(spoken, approving)exactly what is needed in a particular situation 正需要的东西；求之不得的东西 e.g.那杯茶来得正好。That cup of tea was just the job.Vt.1.(technical术语)to produce and sell tickets for an event, a trip, etc.;to give sb.a ticket售票；给„门票；送票

e.g.旅客现在可以电子购票。Passengers can now be ticketed electronically.(electronic [ilekˈtrɔnik] adj.[ubn] 1.(of a device装置)电子的；电子器件的 2.电子设备的；电子器件的 electronically adv.用电子方法；用电子装置)2.[usually passive](esp.AmE)to give sb.an official notice that orders them to pay a fine because they have done sth.illegal while driving or parking a car发出交通违章通知单 e.g.违章停车就可能收到罚款单。Park illegally, and you’re likely to be ticketed.Phr.v.be ticketed for sth.(esp.AmE)to be intended for a particular purpose被指定为；被委派为 ticketing n.[u] the process of producing and selling tickets售票 e.g.售票系统 ticketing systems 4.However, this does not always happen.Traffic police are sometimes very polite.然而，情况并不都是这样，交通警有时也很客气。

this 代指上句话所说的情况，即交通警一般都会给你罚款单。

5.During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: 'Sir, we welcome you to our city.This is a “No Parking” area.You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs.This note is only a reminder.' 有一次在瑞典度假，我发现我的车上有这样一个字条：“先生，欢迎您光临我们的城市。此处是‘禁止停车’区。如果您对我们街上的标牌稍加注意，您在此会过得很愉快的。谨此提请注意。” 1)note [nəut] n., v.n.1.[c] a short piece of writing to help you remember sth 笔记，记录 e.g.请记下日期。Please make a note of the dates.2.[c] a short information letter短笺；便条

e.g.她在厨房的餐桌上给杰克留了个便条。She left a note for Jack on the kitchen table.3.[c] a piece of paper money纸币

e.g.一张面值为5英镑的纸币 a ￡5 note 4.[c] a short comment(n.[ˈkɔment]

评论；注释；说明)on a word or passage in a book注释；按语批注 e.g.参见第223页的注释16。See Note 16 on p.223.IDM:

of note(formal)

1.of fame or importance 著名的，重要的

e.g.有些(很有)知名度的作家 a writer of(some/great)note 2.worth noticing or paying attention to 值得注意：

e.g.会上有值得注意的事情发生吗？Did anything of note happen at the meeting? take note(of sth.)to pay attention to sth.and be sure to remember it注意到；将„铭记在心 e.g.牢记他说的话。Take note of what he says.留心一下天气状况。Take note of the weather conditions...v.(rather formal)1.to notice or pay careful attention to sth.注意；留意

e.g.[vn] 请注意这位作家为达到戏剧效果而使用一般现在式的手法。

Note the way this writer uses the present tense for dramatic effect.[iˈfekt]（n.结果；效果；作用；）

[v.+that] 请注意，票的数量有限。Please note that there are a limited number of tickets.请注意这张账单必须在10天内付清。Please note that this bill must be paid within ten days.[v+wh-] 注意看他怎样操作这台机器，并想法子照他那样做。

Note how he operates [ˈɔpəreit]the machine and try to copy him.(copy vt.模仿；效法；仿效)2.to mention sth because it is important or interesting指出；特别提到 e.g.值得指出的是最成功的公司价格最低。It is worth noting that the most successful companies had the lowest prices.Phr.v.note sth.down to write down sth.important so that you will not forget it记录；记下 notebook [ˈnəutbuk] n.1笔记本(簿)2.(also notebook computer)笔记本(电脑)；笔记本计算机 laptop [ˈlæpˌtɔp] n.膝上型计算机；便携式电脑

noted adj.~(for/as sth)well known because of a special skill or feature(以„)见称，闻名，著名synonym: famous

e.g.著名的舞蹈演员 a noted dancer 他没什么幽默感。He is not noted for his sense of humour.这个湖作为许多鸟类的栖息地遐迩闻名。The lake is noted as a home to many birds.notepaper(also writing paper)n.[u] 信纸；便笺

notable ['nəutəbl] adj.~(for sth)值得注意的；显著的；重要的 e.g.他的早期作品和后期作品之间有明显的差异。

There is a notable difference between his earlier and later writings.n.[usually pl.] 名人；重要人物

e.g.许多著名人士参加了招待会。

Many notables attended the reception [riˈsepʃən].(n.1.接待,接见;欢迎 2.接待会;欢迎会;宴会[C])

notably adv.1.尤其；特别 synonym: especially e.g.这房子有很多缺陷，尤其是它的地点和价格。

The house had many drawbacks, most notably its location([ləuˈkeiʃən] n.位置；场所)and price.(drawback [ˈdrɔ:bæk]n.缺点；缺陷；不利条件)2.极大程度上；非常 synonym: remarkably e.g.这个项目没有取得很大的成功。This has not been a notably successful project.2)No Parking原来是交通标牌上的一句话，在句中作area的定语。类似的由若干个词合成的词组型定语还有：a never-to-be-forgotten day(一个永远也不能忘掉的日子)，a well-to-do family(一个富裕的家庭)等。

well-to-do adj.having a lot of money;rich 有钱的；富有的；富裕的 e.g.他们很阔绰。They are very well-to-do.3)area [ˈɛəriə] n.1.[c] part of a place, town, etc., or a region of a country or the world(地方、城市、国家、世界的)地区，地域

e.g.荒漠地区 desert [ˈdezət] areas 农村/城市地区 rural/urban areas 内城区 inner-city areas(rural [ˈruərəl] adj.乡下的;乡村的;农村的 urban [ˈə:bən] adj.城市的；城镇的；都市的)60年前有一半法国人仍然生活在乡村地区。

Sixty years ago half the French population still lived in rural areas.2.[c] a part of a room, building or particular space that is used for a special purpose(房间、建筑物、处所划为某用途的)地方，场地，区

e.g.旅馆接待处 the hotel reception area游戏场地；停车场 a play/parking area 3.[c] a particular place on an object(物体上的)区，部位： e.g.你会注意到你的宝宝头顶上有两处柔软的地方。

You will notice that your baby has two soft areas on the top of his head.4.[c] ~(of sth.)a particular subject or activity, or an aspect of it 领域；方面： e.g.健身俱乐部是近年来发展迅速的领域。

The big growth area of recent years has been in health clubs.语言教学领域的发展 developments in the area of language teaching 6 5.[c, u] the amount of space covered by a flat surface or piece of land, described as a measurement 面积

e.g.三角形的面积the area of a triangle([ˈtraiæŋɡl] n.三角形)这个房间面积是12平方米。The room is 12 square metres in area.(square adj.1.正方形的；四方形的2.(用于数字后表示面积)平方)前花园的面积是多少？What’s the area of the front garden? 4)sign n., v 1.[c, u] ~(of sth)/ ~(that„)an event, an action, a fact, etc.that shows that sth.exists, is happening or may happen in the future迹象；征兆；预兆

synonym: indication [,ɪndi'keiʃən] n.[c, u] ~(of sth/of doing sth / ~(that„)表明；标示；显示；象征)e.g.头疼可能是紧张的迹象。Headaches may be a sign of stress.(n.1.[u, c] 精神压力；心理负担；紧张 2.[u, c] ~(on sth.)压力)

哪儿都没有约翰的影子。There is no sign of John anywhere.她的工作出现了一些改进的迹象。Her work is showing some signs of improvement.2.[c] a piece of paper, wood or metal that has writing or a picture on it that gives you information, instructions, a warning, etc.招牌;标牌;指示牌;告示牌;标志

(writing n.1.[u] 写；书写；写作 2.[u]著作；文字作品；文章 3.(writings)[pl.](某作家或专题的)著作，作品 4.[u](书写或印刷的)文字 5.[u]笔迹；字迹；书法)e.g.道路/交通标志 a road/traffic sign 商店/酒吧招牌 a shop/pub sign

墙上的牌子上写着“请洗手”。The sign on the wall said ‘Now wash your hands’.3.[c] a movement or sound that you make to tell sb.sth.示意的动作(或声音)；手势 e.g.她点头示意我们坐下。She nodded [nɔd] as a sign for us to sit down.4.[c] a mark used to represent [,repri'zent] sth.esp.in mathematics 符号；记号

e.g.加/减号 a plus [plʌs] /minus ['mainəs] sign 表示英镑/美元的符号 a pound/dollar sign IDM: a sign of the times something that you feel shows what things are like now, esp.how bad they are时代特征(含贬义)v.1.to write your name on a document, letter, etc.to show that you have written it, that you agree with what it says, or that it is genuine(['dʒenjuin] adj.1.真的；名副其实的 2.真诚的；诚实的；可信赖的)签(名)，署(名)；签字，签署

e.g.[v] 请在这里签名。Sign your name here, please.[vn] 这封信您还没有署名。You haven’t signed the letter.在协议/合同/支票上签字 to sign a deal/contract/cheque(AmE check)2.to arrange for sb., for example a sports player or musician, to sign a contract agreeing to work for your company;to sign a contract agreeing to work for a company和„签约(或应聘)： e.g.[v] 乐队同维京唱片公司签了约。The band signed with Virgin Records.(virgin adj.1.[ubn] 未开发的；原始状态的；天然的；未改变的；未触动的2.[obn] 处女的；贞洁的；童贞的)

[vn]这个公司最近和一名新演员签约。The company has just signed a new actor.3.~(to sb.)(to do sth.)to make a request or tell sb.to do sth.by using a sign, esp.a hand movement 示意；打手势：

e.g.旅馆经理示意行李工替我拿箱子。

The hotel manager signed to the porter to pick up my case.(porter [ˈpɔ:tə] n.1.行李员；搬运工 2.(医院里护送病人的)护工 3.门卫)(pick sth.up 拿起；举起；提起)7 4.to use sign language to communicate with sb.打手势语： e.g.[vn] 现在越来越多的戏剧配上了手势语。

An increasing number of plays are now being signed.[v] 为帮助她耳聋的孩子，她学会了手势语。She learnt to sign to help her deaf child.Phr.v.1.sign for sth.to sign a document to show that you have received sth.签收 e.g.有人已经签收了这个包裹。Someone has signed for the package.2.sign sth.away to give something up formally by signing a paper签字放弃(某物)e.g.他签字放弃他在那笔财产中应得的一份。He signed away his share in the property.3.sign in/out // sign sb.in/out to write your/sb.’s name when you arrive at or leave an office, a club, etc.签到/退；替„签到/签退

e.g.来客均需签到。All visitors must sign in on arrival.客人离开俱乐部时，你必须为他们签退。You must sign guests out when they leave the club.4.sign sth.over(to sb.)to give your rights or property to sb.else by signing a document签字转让(权利或财产)e.g.她签署了转让手续，把房子过到女儿名下。She has signed the house over to her daughter.5.sign up(for sth.)to arrange to do a course of study by adding your name to the list of people doing it 报名(参加课程)signature [ˈsiɡnitʃə] n.1.[c] 签名；署名 2.[u](formal)签名；署名；签字；签署 signboard n.(商店、旅馆等的)招牌，告示牌，广告牌 5)reminder [rɪˈmaɪndə] n.1.~(of sb./sth.)/ ~(that„)something that makes you think about or remember sb./sth., that you have forgotten or would like to forget引起回忆的事物；提醒人的事物 e.g.这些照片总能使人回忆起二十世纪二十年代的生活。

The photographs are a lasting reminder of life in the 1920s.(lasting adj.[ubn] 继续存在的；持久的；耐久的)2.a letter or note informing sb.that they have not done sth.(告知该做某事的)通知单，提示信 e.g.他还没有付账，我们最好寄给他一封催款信。

He hasn’t paid his bill.We’d better send him a reminder.remind [riˈmaind] v.~sb.(about/of sth.)to help sb.remember sth.important that they must do提醒；使想起

e.g.[vn] 对不起，我忘了你的名字。提醒我一下好吗？

I’m sorry, I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?

[vn to inf] 提醒我在出去之前给玛丽打电话。Remind me to phone Mary before I go out.[vn(that)] 旅客们请注意，本次列车禁止吸烟。

Passengers are reminded(that)no smoking is allowed on this train.[vn wh-] 谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？Can someone remind me what I should do next? Phr.v.remind sb.of sb./sth.使想起(类似的人、地方、事物等)：

e.g.你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。You remind me of your father when you say that.这股气味使我想起了法国。That smell reminds me of France.6.If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!如果你收到这样的恳求，你是不会不遵照执行的！

1)fail和refuse, forget等相似，是具有否定意义的动词。虽然一个句子中一般只能有一个否定词，但有时也会有cannot fail这样两个否定词同时出现在一个句子中的情况，这时它们构 8 成双重否定。双重否定用来表示肯定。因此，这句话的意义实际上就是“你会遵照执行的”。又如：

e.g.你一定不要拒绝我。(即你一定要答应我)You must not refuse me.fail [feil] v.1.~(in sth.)to not be successful in achieving sth.失败；未能（做到）e.g.(1)我未能说服她。

I failed in my attempt to persuade her.(2)她未能进入艺术学院。She failed to get into art college.2.to not pass a test or an exam;to decide that sb./ sth.has not passed a test or an exam不及格，评定不及格e.g.他驾驶执照考试不及格。He failed his driving test.3.未做；未履行(某事)：

e.g.[v] 他认为他如果不报告就是失职。

He felt he would be failing in his duty if he did not report it.[v to inf] 他未履约。He failed to keep the appointment.每周他必定发电子邮件。He never fails to e-mail every week.4.[v] to stop working 出故障；失灵

e.g.我骑自行车下山到中途刹车失灵了。The brakes on my bike failed half way down the hill.5.[v](esp.in the progressive tenses尤用于进行时)to become weak衰退 e.g.她的视力日渐衰退。Her eyesight is failing.6.[v] to be unable to continue倒闭；破产：

e.g.经济衰退期间有几家银行倒闭了。Several banks failed during the recession.([riˈseʃən] n.[c, u] 经济衰退，经济萎缩)IDM: without fail

1.务必；一定

e.g.我要你两点钟务必来到这里。I want you here by two o’clock without fail.2.always 总是；必定 e.g.他每周必定写信。He writes every week without fail.failure

n.1.[u] 失败2.[c] 失败的人(或事物)3.[u, c] ~(to do sth)未做，未履行(应做之事)4.[u, c] 故障；失灵 5.[c, u] business~破产，倒闭

2)obey [əˈbei] vi.& vt.to do what you are told or expected to do服从；遵守；顺从 opposite: disobey e.g.vt.服从指挥/命令 to obey a command/ an order 遵守规章/法律 to obey rules/the law

他对父母一向绝对服从。He had always obeyed his parents without question.大多数人都遵纪守法。Most people obey the law...Grammar in use

条件句(Conditional sentences)(1)条件指某一事情完成之后其他事情才能发生。if通常的意思是“假如”，其后有时跟 then(那么)。如果then没有道出，也会隐含在句子的意思内。if 引导的条件从句不是指已经发生的事件，而是指能够发生，可能发生或可能发生过的事件。如果我们认为将来的事件很可能会发生，那么if从句中要用一般现在时(有时也用其他形式的现在时)，主句中用will(或shall)加动词形式或其他形式的将来时：

e.g.你若是不小心，就会打碎花瓶的。You’ll break that vase if you’re not careful.如果我打碎了，我就买个新的。If I do, I’ll buy a new one.如果他不买那些画，你怎么办？ What will you do if he doesn’t buy those pictures? 我敢肯定他会买的。不过如果他不买，那么我就自己买。

I’m sure he will buy them, but if he doesn’t, I’ll buy them myself.如果她正在睡觉，那就别叫醒她。Don’t wake her up if she’s sleeping.如果她正在睡觉，我当然不会叫醒她！

Of course I shan’t/won’t wake her up if she’s sleeping!(2)主句中的will表示肯定如此或几乎可以肯定会如此。如果觉得其“肯定”程度达不到使用will的程度，或者如果想表达建议等其他意思，就可以用别的情态助动词来代替will： e.g.我替你将这些信发了好吗？Shall I post these letters for you? 如果你愿意，你可以把它们寄走。You can post them if you want to.如果明天天气好，我们可以/可能出门去。If it’s fine tomorrow, we can/may go out.(3)主句还可以用祈使语气等表示请求、建议等：

e.g.明天如果下雨就呆在家里。Stay at home tomorrow if it rains.如果你见到他，请让他给我打电话。Please tell him to ring me if you see him.如果你不能来，请告诉我一声。Please let me know if you can’t come.10

第五篇：新概念英语第二册第13课

Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿(lu)林少年

The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.They will be arriving here tomorrow.They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.During this time, they will give five performances.As usual, the police will have a difficult time.They will be trying to keep order.It is always the same on these occasions.New words and expressions 生词和短语

group [ɡru:p] n.小组，团体pop singer 流行歌手club [klʌb] n.俱乐部 performance [ pəˈfɔ:məns] n.演出occasion [əˈkeiʒən] n.场合 参考译文

“绿林少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团。目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出，明天就要到达此地。他们将乘火车来，镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出。“绿林少年”准备在此逗留5天。在此期间，他们将演出5场。同往常一样，警察的日子将不好过，他们将设法维持秩序。每逢这种场合，情况都是这样。1.The Greenwood Boys 绿(lu)林少年

2.The Greenwood Boys are a group of pop singers.([ˈsɪŋə])“绿林少年”是一个流行歌曲演唱团。

1)group的含义是“组”、“群”、“群体”、“团体”。通常用a group of 表示一群或一个团体： e.g.我在回家的路上遇见了一群学生。On my way home, I met a group of students.你可以看到湖的中央有一群岛屿。You can see a group of islands in the middle of the lake.group [ɡru:p] n./v.n.[c] 1.a number of people or things that are together in the same place or that are connected in some way组；群；批；类；簇

e.g.一群姑娘；一片树林/房子 a group of girls/trees/houses 学生们成群地站在周围等待成绩。Students stood around in groups waiting for their results.讨论；学习小组 a discussion/study group

2.(business商)a number of companies that are owned by the same person or organization集团 e.g.报业集团 a newspaper group 3.(rather old-fashioned)a number of musicians who perform together, especially to play pop music(尤指流行音乐的)演奏组，乐团，乐队

e.g.她是摇滚乐队的歌手。She sings in a rock group.v.1.~(sb./sth.)(round/around sb./sth.)/ ~(sb./sth.)(together)to gather into a group;to make sb./sth.form a group(使)成群，成组，聚集：

e.g.[vn] 孩子们聚集在老师周围。The children grouped themselves around their teacher.[v] 我们全体围着这棵树照了张相。We all grouped around the tree for a photograph.2.vt.to divide people or things into groups of people or things that are similar in some way将„分类；把„分组

e.g.这些书按科目分类。The books are grouped together by subject.(subject [ˈsʌbdʒikt] n.1.[c] 学科；科目；课程 2.[c] 主题；题目；话题；题材；问题3.[c] 主语)

人可以分成数种类型。People can be grouped into several types.2)pop [pɔp] n.[u] modern popular music of the sort that has been popular since the 1950s, usually with a strong rhythm([ˈriðəm] n.节奏,韵律)and simple tunes([tju:n] n.曲调)流行音乐；流行乐曲 adj.[only before noun] 1.connected with modern popular music流行音乐的；通俗风格的 e.g.流行音乐乐队/歌手组合/歌手 a pop band/group/singer 你喜欢流行歌曲/音乐吗？Do you like pop songs/music? 2.made in a modern popular style通俗的；现代的 e.g.通俗文化 pop culture 3.At present, they are visiting all parts of the country.They will be arriving here tomorrow.目前他们正在全国各地巡回演出，明天就要到达此地。1)时间状语at present意义与now相同，意为“目前”、“现在”，是个固定短语： e.g.医生现在非常忙。你明天上午来吧。

The doctor is very busy at present.Come here tomorrow morning.present vt.[priˈzənt]

1.~sb.with sth/~sth(to sb.)to give sth to sb, esp.formally at a ceremony把„交给；颁发；授予；赠送；

e.g.布朗先生离开这个公司时，公司经理赠给他一块金表。

When Mr.Brown left the firm, the manager presented a gold watch to him.2.~sth.(for sth.)/~sth(to sb.)to show or offer sth.for other people to look at or consider提供；递交；提出

e.g.什么时候项目组呈交他们的报告？ When will the project team present their report? 委员会将于六月向议会提交最后的报告。

The committee [kəˈmiti] will present its final report to Parliament [ˈpɑ:ləmənt] in June.3.~sb.with sth./~sth.to cause sth.to happen or be experienced使发生；使经历 e.g.洪水使该省面临种种严重问题。

The flood presented the province [ˈprɔvins] with severe [siˈviə] problems.你的请求应该不会给我们造成任何问题。

Your request shouldn’t present us with any problems.4.~itself(to sb.)(of an opportunity, a solution, etc.机会、答案等)to suddenly happen or become available突然出现；显露；产生 e.g.一有机会，她就会另谋新职。

As soon as the opportunity presented itself, she would get another job.这个问题自然而然地浮现在我的脑海中。The question naturally presented itself in my mind.5.~sb.(to sb.)(formal)to introduce sb.formally, esp.to sb.of higher rank or status[ˈsteitəs]正式介绍；引见

e.g.请允许我向您介绍我的未婚夫。May I present my fiancé['fi:ɑ:nsei] to you? 他很荣幸地被引见给女王。He had the honour of being presented to the Queen.(have the honour of sth./of doing sth.(fml)得到某殊荣；有幸做某事)

adj.[ˈprezənt]

1.[not before noun]~(at sth.)(of a person人)being in a particular place 出现；在场；出席（作表语和后置定语，后常跟at引导的介词短语：be present at）e.g.开会时他一直在场。He had been present at the conference.有多少人出席会议？How many people were present at the meeting? 有一名摄影师在场。There was a photographer [fəˈtɔgrəfə] present.2 2.[only before noun] existing or happening now现存的；现在的；目前的；当前的（作定语）e.g.经济规划在目前情况下不可能成功。

Economic planning cannot succeed in present conditions.现在的主席是位妇女。The present chairperson is a woman.你现在的住址在哪里？What’s your present address? n.[ˈprezənt]

1.a thing that you give to sb.as a gift礼品，礼物，赠品(gift)：

e.g.他们将戏票作为礼物送给我。They gave me theatre tickets as a present.圣诞/结婚礼物 Christmas/wedding presents 我给他送点什么生日礼物呢？What can I get him for a birthday present? 2.(usually the present)the time now目前；现在

in the present 目前；现在at present 现在；目前

for the present 暂时 up to the present 直到现在；至今

e.g.你必须忘掉过去，开始现在的生活。

You’ve got to forget the past and start living in the present.很抱歉他这会儿不在。I’m sorry he’s out at present(=now).2)all在这里的意思是“各种的”、“各个”，与它通常的意思(“所有的”或“一切的”)稍有不同：

e.g.在这家商店你可以见到各种各样的鞋。You can find all kinds of shoes in this store.3)part [pɑ:t] n./v./adv.n.1.[u]~of sth some but not all of a thing 部分

e.g.大楼的一部分毁于火灾。Part of the building was destroyed in the fire.2.[c] an area or a region of the world, a country, a town, etc.(世界、国家或城镇等的)区域，地区 e.g.这个国家的北部地区 the northern part of the country

在世界许多地区 in many parts of the world 你是伦敦哪个地区的人？Which part of London do you come from.3.[u] a member of sth.;a person or thing that, together with others, makes up a single unit 成员；成分

e.g.你必须能作为团队的一员进行工作。You need to be able to work as part of a team.4.[c] a piece of a machine or structure部件；零件 e.g.备用零件 spare parts 5.[c] a section, piece or feature(n.[c]1.特征，特点；2.[usually pl.]面容的一部分；3.（期刊的）特辑)of sth.片段；部分；一点

e.g.她年轻时生活在巴黎。The early part of her life was spent in Paris.我们已经完成了工作的困难部分。We’ve done the difficult part of the job.IDM:

1.have/play a part(in sth.)to be involved in sth.参与某事

e.g.她积极参与地方政治活动。She plays an active part in local politics.2.in part partly;to some extent [iksˈtent]部分地；在某种这程度上

e.g.她的成功在某种程度上是由于运气好。Her success was due in part to luck.(due [dju:] adj.[not before noun]~to sth./sb.由于；因为)3.on the part of sb./on sb’s part made or done by sb.由某人所为 e.g.那是我的过失。It was an error(n.错误，过失)on my part.5.take part(in sth.)IDM是固定短语，to be involved in sth.“参加”、“参与(某项活动)” synonym：participate [pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vi.~(in sth)参加；参与 e.g.我们都参加了这次竞赛。We all took part in the competition.6.take sb’s part(BrE)to support sb., for example in an argument(在辩论等中)支持某人，站在某人一边

e.g.他母亲总是护着他。His mother always takes his part.v.1.vi.~(from sb.)(formal)离开；分别

e.g.我们在机场分手了。We parted at the airport.2.vt.[often passive]~sb(from sb.)(formal)to prevent sb.from being with sb.else分离；分开；隔离

e.g.我不愿与孩子们分开。I hate being parted from the children.3.分散；分开；解散

e.g.vi.人群在他们面前分开了。The crowd parted in front of them.vt.她的嘴唇微微张开。Her lips were slightly parted.adv.(often in compounds 常构成复合词)consisting of two things;to some extent but not completely由两部分构成；在一定程度上；部分地 e.g.她是英法血统各半。She’s part French, part English.他拥有法国某农场的一部分。He is part owner of a farm in France.4)arrive /ə’raiv/ v.到达，抵达(目的地)arrive at

e.g.我们昨天10点到的机场。We arrived at the airport at 10 o’clock yesterday.arrive in e.g.飞机何时到达纽约？What time does the plane arrive in New York?

我们平安到家了。We arrived home safely.arrival / ə’raivəl / n.[u] 到达，抵达

e.g.我们对飞机误点表示道歉。We apologize for the late arrival of the aircraft.4.They will be coming by train and most of the young people in the town will be meeting them at the station.他们将乘火车来，镇上的大部分青年人将到车站迎接他们。meet [mi:t] n./ v.(met, met)1.[no passive] to be in the same place as sb.by chance and talk to them相遇；相逢；遇见 e.g.[v] 我希望我们很快会再次相逢。I hope we’ll meet again soon.[vn]你在城里碰见什么人了吗？Did you meet anyone in town? 2.[no passive] to come together formally in order to discuss sth.开会；会晤 e.g.[v]委员会每周五开会。The committee meets on Fridays.(committee [kə'miti] n.委员会;全体委员)[vn] 首相与其他欧洲首脑举行会谈。

The Prime Minister met other European leaders for talks.(premier ['premiə] n.总理, 首相)3.[no passive] to come together socially after you have arranged it(与„)会面；集合 e.g.[v] 下班后我们一起去喝一杯吧。Let’s meet for a drink after work.[vn] 我们7点钟在剧院外面和他们会合。

We’re meeting them outside the theatre at 7 o’clock.4.[vn]to go to a place and wait there for a particular person to arrive迎接： e.g.你到机场接我好吗？Will you meet me at the airport? 5.[no passive] to see and know sb.for the first time;to be introduced to sb.相识；结识；被引见介绍(给某人)e.g.[vn] 你是在哪儿和你丈夫初次相识的？Where did you first meet your husband?

[v] 我想我们没见过面吧。I don’t think we’ve met.6.[no passive] to play, fight, etc.together as opponents in a competition.遭遇；交锋

(opponent n.[ə'pəunənt] 对手, 敌手)在去年的决赛中，A和B遭遇了。A met B in last year’s final.7.to touch sth;to join接触(某物)；连接

e.g.[v] 这窗帘中间合不拢。The curtains don’t meet in the middle.[vn] 这条河就在这里流入大海。That’s where the river meets the sea.8.[vn] to do or satisfy what is needed or what sb.asks for满足；使满意 e.g.我们怎样才能最好地满足各种人的需要呢？

How can we best meet the needs of all the different groups? IDM: meet sb’s eye(s)

1.(also meet sb’s gaze, look, etc;people’s eyes meet)(和某人)对视；目光相遇 e.g.她不敢正眼看我。She was afraid to meet my eye.他们隔着拥挤的房间目光相遇了。Their eyes met across the crowded room.2.呈现；显现

e.g.一幅可怕的景象映入他们的眼帘。A terrible sight met their eyes.Phr.v.meet up(with sb.)to meet sb., especially by arrangement(按照安排)见面，会面 e.g.后来他们又在一起喝过酒。They met up again later for a drink.meet with sb.(especially AmE)to meet sb., especially for discussions和某人会晤(商讨问题等)e.g.总统会见了日本首相。The President met with the Prime Minister of Japan.meet with sth.(written)

1.to be received or treated by sb.in a particular way遭遇(某事)；受到某种对待 e.g.成功；失败 to meet with success/failure

我在入境时遇到了一些困难。I met with some difficulties when I tried to enter the country.2.to experience sth.unpleasant经历，体验(不愉快的事)e.g.她怕他出了车祸。She was worried that he might have met with an accident.n.1.(especially AmE)a sports competition体育比赛；运动会

5.Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers' Club.明晚他们将在工人俱乐部演出。

6.The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days.“绿林少年”准备在此逗留5天。

stay / stei / v.呆，停留，逗留，留下

e.g.1)我昨晚在晚会上逗留得很晚。I stayed late at the party last night.2)你能留下来吃晚饭吗？Can you stay for dinner?

3)我熬夜一直到早晨两点。I stayed up until 2 o’clock in the morning.7.During this time, they will give five performances.在此期间，他们将演出5场。performance [ pəˈfɔ:məns] n.1.[u](formal)the act or process of performing a task, an action, etc.做；执行；履行： e.g.他数学考得不太好。His performance in the mathematics exam is not very good.他由于出色地履行了自己的职责而受到了表扬。He is praised for the excellent performance of his duties.(praise[ preiz] n.[u]赞扬；称赞；赞美

vt.~sb./sth.(for sth)/~sb./sth.(as sth.)表扬；赞扬；称赞)她在考试中的表现令人相当满意。

Her performance in the exam was quite satisfactory/satisfying.(satisfactory: good enough令人满意的；符合要求的 satisfying: giving pleasure令人满意的；使人满足的)

她在工作中表现出对工作的热忱。She has shown enthusiasm in the performance of her duties.2.[u, c] how well or badly you do sth;how well or badly sth.works 表现；业绩；性能；工作情况：e.g.国家的经济状况 the country’s economic performance

3.[c] 演出，表演：

e.g.这些流行歌手将演出5场。The pop singers will give five performances.perform [ pəˈfɔ:m] v.1.vt.to do sth., such as a piece of work, task or duty做；执行；履行

e.g.做实验；举行仪式 to perform an experiment [ik'sperimənt] / a ceremony 她在我们的组织中发挥着重要的作用。She performs an important role in our organization.电脑能同时做多项工作。A computer can perform many tasks at once.2.to entertain an audience by playing a piece of music, acting in a play, etc.演出；表演 e.g.[vn]这个剧于1987年首次上演。The play was first performed in 1987.[v] 我期待着看你演出。I’m looking forward to seeing you perform.3.vi.~(well/badly/poorly)to work or function(v.起作用；正常工作；运转)well or badly 工作，运转(好/不好)e.g.发动机似乎运转正常。The engine seems to be performing well.这家公司过去一年业绩欠佳。The company has been performing poorly over the last year.performer [pə'fɔ:mə(r)] n.1.表演者；演出者；演员

2.a person or thing that behaves or works in the way mentioned表现得„者；表现了„者 e.g.他在校学习成绩不好。He was a poor performer at school.the performing arts n.[pl.] 表演艺术

8.As usual, the police will have a difficult time.They will be trying to keep order.同往常一样，警察的日子将不好过，他们将设法维持秩序。1)usual 的含义为“通常的”、“平常的”、“惯常的”，as usual是固定短语，可译为“像平常一样”、“照例”：

e.g.那天，他像平常一样，上班又迟到了。On that day, he was late for work as usual.2)difficult在这里可以解释为“难对付的”、“费劲的”，指麻烦比较多。3)order常用的意义是“次序”、“顺序”。在这句话中它的含义是“治安”、“秩序”，一般用于keep order(维持秩序)，public order(治安)等短语中。order ['ɔ:də]

n.1.[u, c]次序;顺序

e.g.这些项目是按其重要性的顺序列出的。The items are listed in order of importance.2.[u] 条理 e.g.他的书桌上总是整整齐齐的。His desk is always in order.3.[u] 治安, 秩序

e.g.keep order 维持秩序

有些教师觉得难以维持课堂秩序。

Some teachers find it difficult to keep their classes in order.4.[c] ~(for sb.to do sth)/(to do sth)something that sb.is told to do by sb.in authority命令, 指示

e.g.他下令开始工作。He gave orders for the work to be started.长官下令前进。The officer gave the order to advance.(advance [əd'vɑ:ns] n./ adj.[only before noun] 预先的；事先的vi.~(on/towards sb./sth.)(为了进攻、威胁等)前进；行进)他指示三天内完成这项工作。He gave orders that the job be done in three days.6 我奉命不准任何人进入。I’m under orders not to let anyone in.5.[c, u] ~(for sth)订购, 订货;订单

e.g.这家公司接到一份要求大量供应电脑的订单。

The company received a large order for computers.IDM: out of order

(1)(of a machine)not working correctly 有毛病，出故障 e.g.电话坏了。The phone is out of order.(2)not arranged correctly or neatly 安排不当；不整洁 e.g.我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。

I checked the files and some of the papers were out of order.v.1.命令；指挥；要求

e.g.军官命令他们开火。The officer ordered them to fire.他命令她走。He ordered her to go.2.vt.~(sb.)sth/~sth(for sb.)订购；订货；要求提供服务 e.g.你可以电话订票。You can order tickets by telephone.要我给你叫辆出租车吗？Shall I order you a taxi?/Shall I order a taxi for you? 3.vt.~(sb.sth)/~(sth)(for sb.)点（酒菜等）

e.g.我要了一杯啤酒，一个三明治。I ordered a beer and a sandwich.orderly

adj.1.arranged or organized in a neat, careful and logical way整洁的;有秩序的；有条理的 e.g.(1)平静有序的生活a calm and orderly life

(2)一行行栽种整齐的蔬菜vegetables planted in orderly rows(3)头脑清晰的女人a woman with an orderly mind

(4)他条理分明地回答了老师的提问。He gave an orderly answer to the teacher's question.2.behaving well;peaceful表现良好的；守秩序的

e.g.秩序井然的示威an orderly demonstration([,demən'streɪʃən] n.1.[c] 游行示威 2.[c, u] 示范；演示)opposite: disorderly n.[C](pl.-ies)

1.a person who works in a hospital;usually doing jobs that do not need any special training(医院的)护理员

2.a soldier who does jobs that do not need any special training勤务兵

9.It is always the same on these occasions.每逢这种场合，情况都是这样。当用occasion表示在某个/些场合时，它与介词on连用：

e.g.约翰曾在3个不同的场合见过玛丽。John has met Mary on three different occasions.occasion [əˈkeiʒən] n., v.n.1.[c](特殊的)事件；(特殊的)场合

e.g.我只在特殊场合才打领带。I wear a tie only on special occations.2.[c](某事发生的)时刻，时节

e.g.在这时/那时 on this/that occasion 那时我不在家。On that occasion I was not at home.3.~(for sth./doing sth.)a suitable time for sth.机会；时机 e.g.如有机会，你应该到那里去。You should go there if the occasion arises.(vi.产生，出现，发生)

我想借此机会向你表示感谢。I want to take this occasion to thank you.occasional [əˈkeiʒənl]

adj.[only before noun] happening or done sometimes but not often偶尔的；偶然的；临时的 e.g.(1)她喜欢偶尔喝杯酒。She likes an occasional glass of wine.(2)他在我们这里做临时工。He works for us on an occasional basis.(3)他在巴黎度过了五年，偶尔去英国看看。

He spent five years in Paris, with occasional visits to England.adv.occasionally偶尔,间或 e.g.朋友偶尔拜访他们。Friends visit them occasionally.Grammar in use 1.将来进行时(The future progressive tense)1.构成 will/shall+be doing sth.2.功能

1)表示将来某时间正在进行的动作。What will you be doing at eight tomorrow evening? 2)对即将发生动作的一种推测。He will be arriving in a minute.3)用将来进行时提问更加客气，礼貌。Will you be spending your holidays abroad? 将来进行时由will/shall+be+现在分词构成通常用于表示最近或很久的将来正在进行的动作。试与现在进行时比较：

e.g.下个月我将用功看书，准备考试。I’ll be working for my exams next month.我现在正在用功看书，准备考试。I’m working for my exams now.快！客人就要来了！Hurry up!The guests will be arriving at any minute!客人们正陆续到来。The guests are just arriving.将来进行时常用来表示说话人设想已经安排好的事：

e.g.到明天这个时间，我将正在海滩上躺着。By this time tomorrow, I’ll be lying on the beach.虽然将来进行时与一般将来时有时表达的意思差不多，但它们之间还是有一些区别的。一般将来时中的will经常具有蓄意为之的含义(如表示主语的意愿、决心、许诺等)，将来进行时不具有这些含义，只表示单纯的将来，或者说只陈述将来的事实，但它具有一种“温和效应”，语气比单用will时委婉客气：

e.g.你什么时候会处理完这些信件？(如上司对下属)When will you finish these letters? 你什么时候会见到怀特先生？(如下属对上司)When will you be seeing Mr.White?

你明天这时候会在干什么？(不是问意图，只问事实)What will you be doing this time tomorrow? 我会在打网球。I’ll be playing tennis.否定式也有这些区别：

e.g.玛丽不付帐。(她拒绝付账)Mary won’t pay this bill.玛丽不会付账。(将来的事实)Mary won’t be paying this bill.你来和我们一起吃饭好吗？(邀请)Won’t you john us for dinner? 你会和我们一起吃饭吗？(将来的事实)Won’t you be joining us for dinner? 2.名词的所有格

1.所有格：在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名 词的所有格。2.所有格的规则

1)专有名词(人名)1.以s结尾的加’(但也有加’s)2.其他情况都加’s 2)一般名词

1.规则的名词复数形式(即已加上s和es，变成了复数的名词)在后面加’。2.其他情况加’s 名词的所有格相当于belong to

表示时间或金钱的短语也能加’s。我们一般只对人和某些生物用-’s。名词所有格放在其所修饰的名词之前，但在上下文很清楚时名词可以省略：

e.g.我坐迈克的车去，你可以坐安迪的。I’ll go in Mike’s car and you can go in Andy’s.名词所有格的构成有一条最简单的规则，即除了以-s结尾的复数名词只需加一省字号(’)外，任何人称名词都可以加-’s。具体情况如下：(1)在单数名词及不以-s结尾的人名后加-’s：

e.g.小孩的话 a child’s words 汤姆的新工作 Tom’s new job(2)以-s结尾的单数名词后加-’s：

e.g.一个女招待员的工作 a waitress’s job(3)在规则的复数名词之后加省字号(’)：e.g.男校 boys’ school(4)如果是用and连接的两个人名，则在第二个人名上加-’s： e.g.约翰和玛丽的孩子 John and Mary’s child 也可能同时有两个所有格：

e.g.我兄弟的邻居的妹妹/姐姐是一名护士。My brother’s neighbour’s sister is a nurse.(5)以-s结尾的人名后应加-’s，如Hans’s address(汉斯的地址)。不过有时我们却既可以单用省字号也可以用-’s：

e.g.琼斯先生的汽车 Mr.Jones’/Jones’s car 有些无生命的物体后面也可以用所有格，如与时间有关的：

一天的工作 a day’s work 一个月的薪水 a month’s salary 一两周时间 a week or two’s time 表示值多少钱也可以用所有格：

e.g.两英镑的面包

two pounds’ worth of bread