新概念英语第二册第19课[五篇]

第一篇：新概念英语第二册第19课

Lesson 19 Sold out 票已售完

'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket office.'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked.'Certainly,' the girl said.I went back to the ticket office at once.'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance.Do you still want them?' 'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.New words and expressions 生词和短语

hurry v.匆忙 ticket office 售票处 pity n.令人遗憾的事exclaim v.大声说 return v.退回 sadly adv.悲哀地，丧气地 参考译文

“剧马上就要开演了，”我说。“也许已经开演了呢，”苏珊回答说。我匆匆赶到售票处，问：“我可以买两张票吗？”“对不起，票已售完。”那位姑娘说。“真可惜！”苏珊大声说。正在这时，一个男子匆匆奔向售票处。“我可以退掉这两张票吗？”他问。“当然可以，”那姑娘说。我马上又回到售票处。“我可以买那两张票吗？”我问。“当然可以，不过这两张票是下星期三的，您是否还要呢？”“我还是买下的好，”我垂头丧气地说。1.Sold out 票已售完 sell [sel] v., n.v.(sold, sold [səʊld])(opposite: buy bought , bought)1.~sth.(to sb.)(at/for sth.)/ ~sb.sth.(at/for sth.)to give sth.to sb.in exchange for money出让；转让：

e.g.[vn, vnn] 我把我的汽车转让给了詹姆斯，获得800英镑。

I sold my car to James for 800 pounds.I sold James my car for 800 pounds.[vn] 他们把公司卖掉，赢了利/赔了钱。

They sold the business at a profit/loss(=they gained/lost money when they sold it).[v] 我们开了好价钱，但他们不卖。We offered them a good price but they wouldn’t sell.2.[vn] to offer sth.for people to buy出售；售卖：

e.g.你这儿卖邮票吗？Do you sell stamps? 出售保险 to sell insurance [inˈʃuərəns]

3.to be bought by people in the way or in the numbers mentioned;to be offered at the price mentioned销售得„；卖出„；售价是„：

e.g.[vn]这种杂志一周售出30万册。The magazine sells 300,000 copies a week.sell well畅销

sell badly 滞销

这部戏的票卖得很好/不好。The tickets for the play sold well/badly.The new design just didn’t sell(=nobody bought it).新款式无人问津。sell for +价格 以„价格出售 sell at +价格 以„价格卖出

e.g.这个花瓶至少要卖5000美元。The vase will sell for 5000 dollars at least.今年，洋白菜的价格很高。Cabbage is selling at a high price this year.1 4.[vn] ~sth./yourself(to sb.)to persuade sb.that sth.is a good idea, service, product, etc.;to persuade sb.that you are the right person for a job, position, etc.推荐；推销；自荐；自我推销： e.g.应聘面试的时候，你真得推销你自己。You really have to sell yourself at a job interview.Phr.v.1.sell sth.off

1)to sell things cheaply because you want to get rid of them or because you need the money甩卖；抛售；变卖(get rid of sb./sth.摆脱；丢弃；扔掉)

2)to sell all or part of an industry, a company or land出售，卖掉(产业、公司或土地)： e.g.教堂卖掉了那块地皮，用来盖房子了。The Church sold off the land for housing.(house [hauz] vt.1.给(某人)提供住处 2.收藏；安置 housing n.1.[u](统称)住房，住宅 2.[u] 住房供给)2.sell out / be sold out(of tickets for a concert, football game, etc.音乐会、足球赛等的门票)to be all sold售完：

e.g.几小时内票就卖光了。The tickets sold out within hours.所有的票被卖光了。All the tickets have been sold out.3.sell out(of sth.)/ be sold out(of sth.)to have sold all the available items, tickets, etc.售空，卖光(某种商品、门票等)；脱销：

e.g.抱歉，我们的面包卖完了。I’m sorry, we’ve sold out of bread.我们卖光了所有的票。We’ve sold out of all the tickets.先生，星期天的报纸已经卖完了。We are sold out of Sunday newspapers, sir.seller [ˈselə] n.1.a person who sells sth.卖者；销售者；卖方：opposite: buyer [ˈbaɪə]

e.g.卖花人 a flower seller 这项法律意在保护买卖双方。The law is intended to protect both the buyer and the seller.2.a good, poor, etc.~ a product that has been sold in the amounts or way mentioned(畅销、滞销等的)商品：e.g.畅销的商品 a good seller 滞销的商品 a bad/poor seller 畅销品 a best seller IDM: a seller’s market 卖方市场

selling point n.a feature of sth.that makes people want to buy or use it卖点(吸引顾客的产品特色)：e.g.显然，价格低是一大卖点。The price is obviously one of the main selling points.selling price n.销售价 sale [seil] n.1.[u, c] an act or the process of selling sth.出售；销售： e.g.汽车/服装/商品的销售 the sale of cars/clothes/goods 2.(sales)[pl.] the number of items sold销售量

3.(sales)[u](also sales department [c])the part of a company that deals with selling its products销售部 4.[c] an occasion when a shop/store sells its goods at a lower price than usual特价销售；廉价出售；大减价： 5.[c] an occasion when goods are sold, esp.an auction([ˈɔ:kʃən] n.拍卖；竞卖；标售)销售活动；(尤指)拍卖

IDM: 1.for sale available to be bought, esp.from the owner待售；供出售(尤指从主人手里)e.g.待售的房子 a house for sale 抱歉，这个不卖。I’m sorry, it’s not for sale.2.on sale 1)available to be bought, esp.in a shop/store(常用于商店)出售，上市： e.g.售票处正在售票。Tickets are on sale from the booking office.新款下月上市。The new model [ˈmɔdəl] goes on sale next month.2)(esp.AmE)being offered at a reduced price折价销售；减价出售： e.g.所有商品今明两天降价出售。All goods are on sale today and tomorrow.salesman n.男售货员；男推销员 e.g.汽车推销员 a car salesman saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员

2.'The play may begin at any moment,' I said.“剧马上就要开演了，”我说。1)may begin 是一种可能性的判断

e.g.客人们马上就要来了。The guests may arrive at any moment.这天气随时都可能下雨。It may/might rain(at)any moment.must+原形 指比较肯定的判断

e.g.你一定是玛丽，我见过你的照片。You must be Mary.I’ve seen your picture.cannot+原形 指否定性的判断

e.g.你不可能是玛丽，她已经出国了。You can’t be Mary.She has been abroad.may+原形 指可能性的判断

e.g.她可能是玛丽，但我不确定。She may be Mary, but I’m not sure.2)at any moment=at any time 随时 at this moment=now 此时此刻 at that moment=then 那时 3.'It may have begun already,' Susan answered.“也许已经开演了呢，”苏珊回答说。may have begun 1)may have done 对过去事情的一种可能性判断 e.g.它可能被偷走了。It may have been stolen.2)must have done 对过去事情的一种肯定性判断

e.g.我找不到我的包了，它一定是已经被偷了。I can’t find my bag.It must have been stolen.3)can’t have done 对过去事情的一种否定性判断

e.g.玛丽经过我身边没有说话，她一定是没有看到我。

Mary walked past me without speaking.She can’t have seen me.4.I hurried to the ticket office.'May I have two tickets please?' I asked.我匆匆赶到售票处，问：“我可以买两张票吗？” 1)hurry [ˈhʌri] n., v.n.the need or wish to get sth.done quickly匆忙；急忙： e.g.悠着点—不用急。Take your time—there’s no hurry.我匆忙动身，忘了带护照。In my hurry to leave, I forgot my passport.[ˈpɑ:spɔ:t]

慌什么？火车还有一个小时才开呢。What’s the hurry? The train doesn’t leave for an hour.IDM: 1.in a hurry(=adv.quickly, hastily [ˈheɪstɪlɪ] adv.匆忙地，仓促地, hurriedly匆忙地，迅速地)1)very quickly or more quickly than usual迅速；赶快： e.g.他不得不赶快离开了。He had to leave in a hurry.2)not having enough time to do sth.仓促；匆忙： e.g.对不起，我现在没时间管这个----我忙着呢。

Sorry, I haven’t got time to do it now---I’m in a hurry.我们匆忙地赶到车站。We went to the station in a hurry.如此地匆忙 in such a hurry 2 in a hurry to do sth.impatient to do sth.急于做某事：

e.g.我女儿恨不得一下子就长大。My daughter is in such a hurry to grow up.你为什么如此迫不及待地要卖出？Why are you in such a hurry to sell? 3.in no hurry(to do sth.)/ not in a/any hurry(to do sth.)1)having plenty of time有足够的时间，不着急(做某事)： e.g.我可以等着---我没什么特别急的事。I don’t mind waiting---I’m not in any particular hurry.先招待这位女士吧---我不急。Serve this lady first---I’m in no hurry.2)not wanting or not willing to do sth.不想，不情愿(做某事)： e.g.我再不愿去那里了---那里吃的东西糟透了。

I won’t be going there again in a hurry---the food was terrible.v.(hurries, hurrying, hurried, hurried)1.to do sth more quickly than usual because there is not much time赶快，匆忙，急忙(做某事)synonym: rush e.g.[v] 不要着急，(我们)有大量的时间。Don’t hurry, there is plenty of time.如果你想赶上那趟火车就得抓紧时间了。

You’ll have to hurry if you want to catch that train.我匆忙地赶到售票处。I hurried to the ticket office.(hurry to sp.匆忙赶到某地)

我匆忙地赶到学校。I hurried to school.孩子们急忙打开礼物。The kids hurried to open their presents.在英语口语中hurry可与and及所连接的另一个动词连用，而不和to所引导的不定式连用，尤用于告诉某人快点干某事：

e.g.Hurry and open your present—I want to see what it is!2.[vn] ~sb.(into doing sth.)to make sb.do sth.more quickly催促(某人)synonym: rush

e.g.我并不想催你，但我们再过二十分钟就要关门。

I don’t want to hurry you but we close in twenty minutes.我们已经迟到了，我必须催促你了。We are late, I must hurry you.她在催迫之下作出了不明智的选择。She was hurried into making an unwise choice.3.[vn] [usually passive] to do sth.too quickly仓促(做某事)synonym: rush e.g.美餐绝不能狼吞虎咽。A good meal should never be hurried.Phr.v.1.hurry on to continue speaking without giving anyone else time to say anything 喋喋不休；啰嗦得没完没了

2.hurry up(with sth.)to do sth.more quickly because there is not much time赶快，急忙(做某事)：

e.g.快点！我们要迟到了。Hurry up!We’re going to be late.快点用刀子。我需要用。Hurry up with the knife.I need it.3.hurry sb./sth.up to make sb.do sth.more quickly;to make sth.happen more quickly催促(某人)；使早些发生：

e.g.你能不能设法让我点的东西快点送来？Can you do anything to hurry my order up? hurried [ˈhʌrid] adj.[usually before noun] done too quickly because you do not have enough time匆忙完成的；仓促而就的：

e.g.匆匆忙忙的一顿饭 a hurried meal 一个仓促的婚礼 a hurried wedding hurriedly adv.=in a hurry 2)ticket office =booking office 售票处

(booking n.[c, u](esp.BrE)预订

book n.[c] 书；书籍 v.(esp.BrE)预约，预订)box office n.the place at a theatre, cinema/movie theatre, etc.where the tickets are sold(戏院、剧院的)售票处；票房：(电影、戏等)卖座的，卖得好 a box-office success e.g.那部电影十分卖座。The movie has been a huge box-office success(=many people have been to see it).(box n.1.[c] 盒子，箱子 2.[c](剧院或法庭中的)专席 3.[c] 小亭，岗亭 e.g.电话亭 the telephone box

boxer [ˈbɔksə] n.拳击手 boxing [ˈbɔksɪŋ] n.拳击运动

Boxing Day n.[u, c](BrE)the first day after Christmas Day that is not a Sunday.Boxing Day is official holiday in Britain.节礼日(圣诞节后的第一个工作日。英国定为假日)在英国，圣诞节的次日，若是星期日，则顺延一日，惯例在此日赠送雇员，邮差等礼物。)3)have=buy 5.'I'm sorry, we've sold out,' the girl said.“对不起，票已售完。”那位姑娘说。

这句话中用了缩略形式I’m(=I am)和we’ve(=we have).缩略形式一般用于口语和非正式文体中。在正式文体中要避免使用。I'm sorry./I am sorry.We’ve sold out./We have sold out.我什么时候能见到你？When’ll I see you?/ When will I see you? 我一会也呆不了了。I’ll not stay a moment longer./ I shall not stay a moment longer.6.'What a pity!' Susan exclaimed.“真可惜！”苏珊大声说。1)pity [ˈpiti] n., v.n.1.[u] ~(for sb./sth.)a feeling of sympathy and sadness caused by the suffering and troubles of others同情；怜悯：

be full of pity for sb./be filled with pity for sb.十分同情某人 feel pity for sb.对„表示同情

e.g.他对这个没有工作的人表示同情。He felt pity for the jobless man.cry from pity 同情的泪水(因为同情而哭泣)怜悯的表情/感觉 a look/feeling of pity 我同情她，就把钱借给了她。I took pity on her and lent her the money.(formal)请你可怜可怜他吧。I beg you to have pity on him.我用不着你可怜。I don’t want your pity.2.[sing.]a ~(that„)/ a ~(to do sth.)used to show that you are disappointed about sth.(用于表示失望)遗憾，可惜：

e.g.你不能再多停留些时间，真是遗憾。It’s a pity that you can’t stay longer.-“我把东西弄丢了！” ―I’ve lost it!‖-“哎呀，真可惜。” ―Oh, what a pity.‖(口语中what a pity!=What a shame!多遗憾啊！)真遗憾，她没有早点告诉我。What a pity that she didn’t tell me earlier.你要是现在放弃，那就太可惜了。It would be a great pity if you gave up now.It is a pity.这是一个遗憾。/非常遗憾。It is a thousand pities.v.(pities, pitying, pitied, pitied)(not used in the progressive tenses不用于进行时)to feel sorry for sb.because of their situation;to feel pity for sb.同情；怜悯；可怜

e.g.[vn] 他同情那些没有工作的人。He pitied people who were out of work.[vn-ing] 她不得不加班加点工作，真让我同情。I pity her having to work such long hours.pitiful [ˈpɪtɪfl] adj.1.deserving or causing you to feel pity令人同情的；可怜的 e.g.这匹马看上去可怜兮兮的。The horse was a pitiful sight(=because it was very thin or sick.).2.not deserving respect卑微的；卑鄙的 pitiable [ˈpɪtiəbl] adj.(formal)1.deserving or causing you to feel pity值得同情的；可怜的 e.g.处境可怜 to be in a pitiable state 2.not deserving respect卑劣的；卑鄙的 pitiless [ˈpɪtɪlɪs] adj.1.showing no pity;cruel冷酷的；无情的：e.g.残忍的杀手 a pitiless killer 2.very harsh or severe, and never ending严酷而无尽的

(harsh [hɑ:ʃ] adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的severe [siˈviə] adj.严峻的；严厉的；剧烈的；苛刻的)2)exclaim [ikˈskleim] v.(written)to say sth.suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain(由于强烈的情感或痛苦而)惊叫，呼喊： e.g.“这不公平！”他气愤地喊道。―It isn’t fair!‖ he exclaimed angrily.[v] 看到这情景，她瞪着眼睛，高兴地大叫起来。

She opened her eyes and exclaimed in delight at the scene.(delight n.[u] 高兴；愉快；快乐)她大声地说：“多遗憾啊！” ―What a pity!‖ She exclaimed.惊叫 to exclaim in astonishment(astonish v.使十分惊讶；使大为惊奇；使吃惊)高兴地大叫 to exclaim in delight [also v that] shout v.to say sth.in a loud voice;to speak loudly/angrily to sb.呼喊，大声说话，吼叫，叫，嚷 shout out to make a loud noise吼出声来/喊出声来

e.g.你不要那么大声喊，我能听清你的话。Don’t shout at me, I can hear you all right.shout for joy / shout with joy大声欢呼/大声呼喊

scream v.to give a loud, high cry, because you are hurt, frightened, excited, etc.(因伤痛、害怕、激动等)尖叫、惨叫、惊叫

e.g.有人在喊救命。Someone was screaming for help.她恐怖地大声喊叫。She screamed in a fright.exclamation [ˌekskləˈmeɪʃn] n.感叹；感叹语；感叹词 e.g.他发出一声惊叹。He gave an exclamation of surprise.exclamation mark(esp.BrE)(AmE usually exclamation point)感叹号

7.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket office.正在这时，一个男子匆匆奔向售票处。Just then: just at the moment 8.'Can I return these two tickets?' he asked.“我可以退掉这两张票吗？”他问。return

V.1.[v] ~(to„)(from„)to come or go back from one place to another回来；回去；返回 e.g.（1）你什么时候回到伦敦？ When are you returning to London?

（2）你太太什么时候下班回来？What time does your wife return from work? 2.~sb./sth.(to sb./sth.)to bring, give, put or send sth.back to sb./sth.带回；送回；放回；归还，退还

e.g.[vn]我准备去图书馆还书。I’m going to the library to return my books.[vn-adj]我原封不动地将信退了回去。I returned the letter unopened.3.vi.~(to sth.)to start discussing a subject you were discussing earlier, or doing an activity you were doing earlier.重提；重新开始做：

e.g.他在报告中后来又提到这个话题。He returns to this topic later in the report.医生也许会允许她下周回去上班。The doctor may allow her to return to work next week.4.vt.to do or give sth.to sb.because they have done or given the same to you first;to have the same feeling about sb.that they have about you回报；回应： e.g.该我们回请他们了。It’s time we returned their invitation.他太忙，不能给她回电话。He was too busy to return her call.n.1.[c;u(from, to)] 返回，回来；恢复

e.g.我们盼望你从美国回来。We look forward to your return from America.2.[u] 归还；回报

e.g.若能及时将图书归还图书馆，我们将不胜感激。

We would appreciate the prompt return of books to the library.注：prompt adj.1.done without delay立即；迅速的；及时的 2.(人)[not before noun]敏捷的；迅速的；准时的v.促使；导致；激起 9.'Certainly,' the girl said.“当然可以，”那姑娘说。

10.I went back to the ticket office at once.我马上又回到售票处。at once 固定短语，可译为“立刻”、“马上”：

e.g.听到这消息，他立刻就回家了。When he heard the news, he went home at once.请立刻就来。Please come at once.11.'Could I have those two tickets please?' I asked.“我可以买那两张票吗？”我问。

could虽然是can的过去式，但在这里并不表示过去，而是指现在。用could提出请求或建议比can要委婉。

12.'Certainly,' the girl said, 'but they're for next Wednesday's performance.Do you still want them?'“当然可以，不过这两张票是下星期三的，您是否还要呢？” the tickets for next Wednesday's performance 下周三演出的票 所有格表时间 e.g.今天的报纸 today’s newspaper 13.'I might as well have them,' I said sadly.“我还是买下的好，”我垂头丧气地说。

1)may as well/might as well + do意思是“还是„好，不妨”较勉强，不是非常乐意，不得不选一个。两者一般可以互换。

e.g.–Do you think you’ll pass the exam? 你认为你会通过考试吗？

--I’ll never pass.I might as well give up.我决不会通过考试的，我还是放弃的好。

--Do you want to come to the cinema with me? 你想和我一起看电影去吗？

--I haven’t got anything to do, so I may as well / might as well come with you.我没什么事可做，还是和你一块去吧。

as well 也，同样地。副词短语，相当于too的含义。表示此义时，通常用于句末，间或也可用于主语之后，如：

e.g.空气对动物必不可少，对植物也同样。

Air is necessary for animals, it is necessary for plants as well.我也要尽可能为你做些什么。I as well will do what I can for you.此外，在具有情态助动词may或might的句子中，as well用于其后，表示“还是„好”之意，如：e.g.既然我们把工作已经做了这么多，还是把它做完为好。

We may as well finish the job, now we have got so far with it.2)sadly [ˈsædlɪ] adv.1.unfortunately [ˌʌnˈfɔ:tʃənitli]令人遗憾；不幸地

e.g.可惜的是，我的时间有限。Sadly, my time is limited.不幸的是，结婚八年后，他们的感情日渐淡漠了。Sadly, after eight years of marriage they had grown apart.2.in a sad way悲伤地；伤心地：

e.g.她难过地摇摇头。She shook her head sadly.3.very much and in a way that makes you sad极为；苦苦地： e.g.他们原本希望赢的，却落得个大失所望。They had hoped to win and were sadly disappointed.sad adj.(sadder, saddest)1.~(to do sth.)/ ~(that„)unhappy or showing unhappiness悲哀的；难过的；显得悲哀的： e.g.听说你要走了，我们十分难过。We are very sad to hear that you are leaving.2.~(to do sth.)/ ~(that„)that makes you feel unhappy令人悲哀的；让人难过的： e.g.悲惨的故事；忧伤的诗；悲凉的歌a sad story/poem/song 看着他们离去，真让人难过。It was sad to see them go.sadden [ˈsædn] v.[often passive](formal)to make sb.sad使悲伤；使伤心；使难过：

e.g.[vn] 听到她的死讯，我们深感悲伤。We were deeply saddened by the news of her death.[vn that] 人竟能如此残忍，这让她痛心。It saddened her that people could be so cruel.[ˈkru:əl] sadness n.1.[u, sing] the feeling of being sad悲伤；悲痛；难过 e.g.我感到深深地悲痛。I felt a deep sadness.2.[c, usually pl.] something which makes you sad使人悲伤(或难过)的事： e.g.我们的欢乐和悲伤our joys and sadnesses Grammar in use

can / may / must 1.can的用法：

1)can（过去式为 could）表示体力或脑力方面的能力，意为“有能力”、“能够”： e.g.你会开车吗？Can you drive a car? 吉姆小时候不能跑很快。Jim couldn’t run very fast when he was a boy.盲人是不能辨认颜色的。A blind man cannot judge colors.这个剧院能够容纳2500人就座。The theatre can seat 2,500 people.2)表示客观可能性

e.g.她不会是认真的。She can’t be serious.他会在什么地方呢？Where can he be? 破钟绝不悦耳。(一个裂了的钟是不可能发出好听的声音的)A cracked bell can never sound well.注：can加动词的进行时态，也可表示“可能”。如：

e.g.他一直会是在干什么呢？What can he be doing all this time?

她现在不可能在打网球。She cannot be playing tennis now.3)表示允许(和may相近)(在日常会话中，can可代替may表示“允许”，may比较正式)e.g.我可以进来吗？Can I come in?(英)May I come in?(美)这样的事情不能再继续下去了。This sort of thing cannot go on.-我可以用你的自行车吗？Can I use your bike?-当然可以。Of course, you can.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。You can have my seat, I’m going now.4)can还可以表示惊异，怀疑，不相信等态度(主要用于否定句，疑问句，惊叹句)e.g.不，不，这不可能是真的。No, no, this can’t be ture..这能够是不给他们帮助的理由吗？Can this be an excuse for not giving them help?(excuse [ikˈskju:s] n.~(for sth./for doing sth.)借口；理由；辩解)你怎么能这么粗心呢？How can you be so careless!5)can(could)用于否定或疑问句中后面跟动词原形的完成式时，表示对过去发生事件的“可能性”。而could较can更加表示说话人的“不肯定的”语气。如： e.g.他会是走了吗？Can he have left already? 她会把我的地址忘记了吗？Could she have forgotten my address? 8 不可能是亨利，他已经去工厂了。It couldn’t have been Henry.He has gone to the factory.玛丽经过我身边没有说话，她一定是没有看到我。

Mary walked past me without speaking.She can’t have seen me.注：can只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式，能表示一般现在时和一般过去时两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来)须用be able加动词不定式来表示。e.g.有他们的协助，我们将会在几天之内完成这项工作。

With their help, we shall be able to finish the work in a few days.他们没有能到北京来。They have not been able to come to Beijing.约翰逊先生刚来电话，说今天晚上他来不了。(come over to„(尤指到人家中)短暂造访，顺便来访)Mr.Johnson rang up just now to say that he won’t be able to come over this evening.2.may的用法

may过去式是might 1)表示“允许”或“请求”，询问或说明一件事可不可做

e.g.我能打扰一下问你一个问题吗？May I trouble you with a question? 要是你愿意的话，你可以坐这个座位。You may take this seat if you like.你现在可以走了。You may go now.我可以进来吗？ May I come in? 2)表示一件事或许会发生(或是某种情况可能会存在)e.g.一个傻瓜也能给一个聪明人一些劝告。(谚)A fool may give a wise man counsel.(counsel [ˈkaunsl] n.[u, c](formal)劝告，忠告，建议)他可能已经订婚了。He may be engaged now.(engaged adj.~(to sb.)已订婚)她今天可能不在那儿。She may not be there today.注： 在否定句中一般不用 may not，常用 can’t 表示“不可能”。例如：

He can’t be at home tonight.今晚他不可能在家。3)在表目的或让步状语从句中构成谓语

e.g.Write to him at once so that he may know in time.(目的状语从句)

赶快给他写信那么就能及时知道了。

Come what may, we’ll always stand together.(让步状语从句)不管发生什么事，我们永远站在一起。

4)may还可用在感叹句中来表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常可译为―祝愿‖。如： e.g.希望那天快点到来。May that day come soon.祝愿你们能够成功地建设一个强大而且繁荣的国家。

May you succeed in building up a strong and prosperous country.May you have a good time.祝你过得愉快。May you be happy！祝你幸福！

5)may(might)后加动词的完成式表示对过去的推测，认为某一事情在过去“可能”发生。这里may和might都指过去，不过might较为含蓄委婉或更加不肯定(常用于肯定结构)。如： e.g.它可能被偷走了。It may have been stolen.可能已经开始了。It may have begun already.她也许没赶上飞机。She may(might)have missed the plane.注：might + have done, 可说明某一事情在过去没有实现并含有“劝告”甚至“责备”的意思。如: e.g.你本来可以早点告诉我的。You might have told me earlier.你本来可以多加小心。You might have been more careful.3.must的用法

1)表示必须要做的事

e.g.我们必须一步一步地做任何事情。We must do everything step by step.我们必须对每个学生表现出关心来。We must show concern for every student.9 2)表示一种揣测(通常用于肯定句中)e.g.这一定是你的房间。This must be your room.他一定是70岁了。He must be seventy now.3)表示“偏偏”

e.g.我们正要出发的时候，这辆车偏偏抛锚了。

The car must break down just when we were about to start off.我正在痊愈时偏偏又把腿摔断了。

Just as I was getting better, what must I do but break my leg.4)must have done 对过去事情的一种肯定性判断

e.g.我找不到我的包了，它一定是已经被偷了。I can’t find my bag.It must have been stolen.4.could和might(注：不是can和may的过去式)1)could比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，不是can的过去式。

e.g.我能看你的执照吗？Could I see your license?(更委婉)Can I see your license? 你能借我你的自行车吗？Could you lend me your bike?(更委婉)

Can you lend me your bike? 2)might代替may, 表示可以做的事或可能发生的事，语气更客气些，委婉些。e.g.我能要一张你婴儿的照片吗？Might I ask for a photograph of your baby?(更委婉)

May I ask for a photograph of your baby? 你不妨把心里的话都说出来好了。You might as well speak your mind.注：might用来表示现在时，还可表示“规劝”。如：

e.g.你要更多地注意英语口语。You might pay more attention to spoken English.关上窗户吧。外面风很大。You might shut the windows.The wind is blowing so hard outside.3)might as well/may as well 还是„的好

may as well/might as well + do意思是“还是„好，不妨”较勉强，不是非常乐意，不得不选一个。两者一般可以互换。

e.g.–Do you think you’ll pass the exam? 你认为你会通过考试吗？

--I’ll never pass.I might as well give up.我决不会通过考试的，我还是放弃的好。

--Do you want to come to the cinema with me? 你想和我一起看电影去吗？

--I haven’t got anything to do, so I may as well / might as well come with you.我没什么事可做，还是和你一块去吧。注：

can/could/may/might表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为―可以、能‖等。

这里could / might 是代替can/may 的一种比较委婉地提出请求的方法。时间上是现在时。

如：

You can/could/may/might go home now.现在你可以回家了。

You can/could/may/might go to the cinema this evening.你今晚可以去看电影。

--Can/Could/May/Might I use your ruler？ 我可以用一下你的尺子吗？

--Of course, you can/may.你当然可以。（不可用could或might）--Yes, please./ Certainly [ˈsə:tnli] / Of course.等。这些肯定答语显得热情、客气。

否定：No, you can’t/may not.不，你不可以。（不用could not或might not）拒绝对方时，其答语可以用 No, you mustn’t./ No, you can’t.或 Sorry，you can’t./ No, please don’t.等说法。

e.g.我可以把这本书拿出阅览室吗？---不行。

May I take this book out of the reading-room?—No, you mustn’t.

第二篇：新概念英语第二册

新概念英语第二册 第68课词组(2013-02-20 23:14:19)

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分类： 新概念英语第2册辅导

本课重点：在若干动词及词组后的动名词(ing)

一、词组

no matter how 不管怎样

wave to＝signal to 打招呼, 招手

just in time 刚好，不迟不早＝only just

insist on 坚持

prevent…form 避免

follow around 跟着转

there(be)plenty 有不少……

二、跟ing的动词及词组

avoid meeting him 避开他

come running 跑过来

it was no use pretending 假装没有用

enjoy meeting him 喜欢见他

insist on coming 坚持要来

(be)busy doing… 忙着干

(would you)mind opening 你是否介意打开……(请你打开……)finish speaking 讲完了

fancy meeting 真想不到见着……

it’s not worth worrying 不值得担心

I can’t stand shouting 不能容忍大叫大嚷 smell(something)burning 闻到什么烧焦味

go dancing(swimming，shopping)去跳舞(游泳, 购物)forgive(somebody)for being rude 原谅别人卤莽

三、come和现在分词连用表示“来”的方式：come十ing wind came blowing 风吹来

letters of thanks came pouring in 感谢信不断涌来 she came hurrying in 她匆忙赶回来

第三篇：新概念英语第二册 (72)

Lesson 72

A car called bluebird

“蓝鸟”汽车

First listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。

What mistake was made?

The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour.He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah.Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him.It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2,500-horsepower engine.Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run.After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour.However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made.His average speed had been 301 miles per hour.Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds over 600 miles an hour.Following in his father's footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolm's son, Donald, also set up a world record.Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.New words and expressions 生词和短语

racingn.竞赛

perprep.每Utahn.犹他（美国州名）

horsepowern.马力

burstv.爆裂

averageadj.平均的footstepn.足迹

参考译文

杰出的赛车选手马尔科姆.坎贝尔爵士是第一个以每小时超过300英里的速度驾车的人。他于1935年9月在犹他州的邦纳维尔盐滩创造了一项新的世界纪录。他驾驶的“蓝鸟”牌汽车是专门为他制造的。它的车身长30英尺，有一个2,500 马力的发动机。尽管坎贝尔达到了每小时超过304英里的速度，但他很难把汽车控制住，因为在开始的行程中爆了一只轮胎。比赛结束后，坎贝尔非常失望地得知他的平均时速是299英里。然而，几天之后，有人告诉他说弄错了。他的平均时速实际是301英里。从那时以来，赛车选手已达到每小时600英里的速度。很多年之后，马尔科姆爵士的儿子唐纳德踏着父亲的足迹，也创造了一项世界纪录。同他父亲一样，他也驾驶着一辆名叫“蓝鸟”的汽车。

第四篇：新概念英语第二册教学大纲

新概念第二册教学大纲

第一课时：Lesson1&Lesson2 知识点1.基本语法时态

知识点2.三大句型转换(陈述句、感叹句、疑问句)第二课时：Lesson3&Lesson4 知识点1.一般过去式 知识点2.现在完成时

知识点3.动词规则变化及动词不规则变化表 第三课时：Lesson5&Lesson6 知识点1.一般过去时与现在完成时的差异 知识点2.冠词与限定词 第四课时：Lesson7&Lesson8 知识点1．过去进行时与连词（when,while）知识点2.形容词与副词的比较级和最高级 第五课时：Lesson9&Lesson10 知识点1.表示时间的介词 知识点2.被动语态

第六课时：Lesson1-10综合复习1 注意点1.综合复习1-10出现的语法知识点 注意点2.通过测试卷进行综合测试，查漏补缺 第七课时：Lesson11&Lesson12 知识点1.复习前6课的语法，知识点2.学习一般将来时 第八课时：Lesson13&Lesson14 知识点1.将来进行时 知识点2.过去完成时

第九课时：Lesson15&Lesson16 知识点1.间接引语 知识点2.条件从句

第十课时：Lesson17&Lesson18 知识点1.情态动词 MUST 知识点2.助动词/动词HAVE 第十一课时：Lesson19&Lesson20 知识点1.情态动词CAN MAY 知识点2.动名词解析

第十二课时：Lesson11-20综合复习注意点1.综合复习11-20出现的语法知识点 注意点2.通过测试卷进行综合测试，查漏补缺 第十三课时：Lesson21&Lesson22 知识点1.各种时态的被动语态 知识点2.常见动词搭配的介词 第十四课时：Lesson23&Lesson24 知识点: 复习前二十二的语法及难点部分 第十五课时：Lesson25&Lesson26 知识点1.并列句 知识点2.常见连词

第十六课时：Lesson27&Lesson28 知识点1.一般过去时 知识点2.现在完成时精讲 知识点3.从句中的关系代词 第十七课时：Lesson29&30 知识点1.对比一般过去时和现在完成时 知识点2.定冠词与各种限定词 第十八课时：Lesson31&Lesson32 知识点1 掌握 “used to do” 及 “use”的短语;知识点 2比较状语从句总结 第十九课时：Lesson33&Lesson34 知识点1 复习一般过去时；

知识点2 复习before引导的时间状语从句。第二十课时：Lesson35&Lesson36 知识点1.总结结果状语从句 知识点2.一般将来时总结 第二十一课时：Lesson37&38 知识点1.虚拟语气之一 知识点2.将来完成时 第二十二课时：Lesson37&38

第五篇：新概念英语第二册语法总结

新概念英语二册语法详解和总结

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一、学习前的准备

《新概念英语第二册》旨在全面训练学生的4项技能、理解、口语、阅读、写作。使学生具有使用语言的能力。一般来说，具有以下知识便可进入《新概念英语第二册》的学习：

1、动词be与have现在时与过去时的基本用法。

2、现在进行时，能够识别并懂得如何构成。

3、一般现在时：能够识别；懂得动词第3人称单数上添加-s,-es, 或-ies后缀。

4、一般过去时：能够识别并会运用常见的规划动词与不规则动词的一般过去时形态。

5、过去进行时：能够识别。

6、现在完成时（一般）：能够识别。

7、过去完成时：能够识别。

8、将来时：能够认识并运用going to, shall与will构成将来时。

9、助动词：can, may与must的基本用法；能够识别could, might与would的形式。

10、能够用do/does/did等助动词造疑问句与否定句；能运用疑问代词与副词。

11、能够回答以助动词与疑问词开头的问句。

12、副词：能够用-ly与-ily后缀组成副词；能够识别well, hard, fast等特例。

13、冠词：定冠词与不定冠词。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可数、不可数名词的用法。

14、名词：能够用-s,-es，-ves后缀组成名词复数形式；会用常见的不规则复数形式：men, women, children, teeth r等形式。

15、代词：人称代词、所有格代词、反身代词；所有符号“'”加s('s)。

16、形容词：基本用法；规则的比较级；不规则的比较级：good, bad, much与little.17、介词：常见的地点、时间、方位介词的用法。

18、关系代词：能够识别并使用who/whom, which/that。

19、this/that;these/those。

20、省略形式：it's, I'm, isn't, didn't等。

21、There is/it is;there are/they are。

22、祈使句。

23、一周7天的名称、日期、季节、数字、时辰（今天、昨天、明天等）。

24、报时。

二、新概念英语第二册语法知识总结和详解

1.简单句的结构:

主语+谓语+宾语+状语（地点状语+方式状语+时间状语）时间状语还可以放在句首

2.一般现在时，现在进行时

感叹句：what+名词+主语+谓语，how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语

频度副词：位于主语和谓语之间，常见频度副词及其程度的深浅： always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always buy CDs on Sundays.3.一般过去时

直接宾语和间接宾语：

主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务，也可以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的，或者是为谁做的。所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词来担当。

He gives me a book.me间接宾语, a book直接宾语

直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词to或for，to表示动作对谁而做，for表示动作为谁而做。

主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词+间接宾语 Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bought a coat for my mother.4.现在完成时，注意频度及时间副词的位置 receive/take

5.复习：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别

in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don’t stand in my way./by the way/no way

spare/to spare

6.冠词用法

（一）1．不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要用冠词an, 如果是辅音用a即可。

2．不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物，有时候也可以省略： A cat is a lovely animal.Cat is a lovely animal.3．不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物：Apple is a fruit.4．如果特制某人,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the 5．Some表示一些，可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。

6．在姓名，城市，地名，过名，月份，节日，星期前不加冠词，季节前也一般不加，特指时加。

put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth.off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out

7.过去进行时，时间状语 短语：在短语中动词后面的介词或副词叫小品词，有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面，而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。

8.形容词的比较级与最高级

单音节词的比较级最高级：

直接加-er,-est: small-smaller, smallest 以e结尾的加-r,-st: large-larger, largest

以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er,-est: busy-busier, busiest

重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加-er,-est：big-bigger, biggest

以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接加-er,-est：narrow, common, clever, simple，polite, quiet…

多音节词及双音节词：more/less, most/lest

不规则变化：good/bad/many/little/far…

少数单音节词也要通过加more/less, most/lest构成比较级和最高级：pleased, glad, tired, fond，注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the 不定代词的用法，如果不定代词做主语，谓语动词要用单数：Everyone is here.enter/enter for

9.介词（表示时间）in:

表示一天中的某段时间：in the morning/afternoon/evening 表示月份/年份：in March, in 1990 表示季节：in spring/winter

in+一段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后，可以与现在时，过去时和将来时连用。

on:

表示星期：on Monday 表示具体日期：on June 1st

表示具体时间：on that day/that evening/on that night at:

表示确切时间：at 10 o’clock

表示用餐时间：at lunch time/teatime

表示其他时刻：at noon/night/midnight, at this time during+一段时间 from…till till/untill直到

not any=no，语气更强 10.被动语态：

结构：be+过去分词 用法：

主语不清或不需要提及时

I was born in 1999.The apple was eaten.强调不同的主语时，为了说明动作是谁做的，用by+动作执行者 The policeman caught the thief.The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by 双重名词所有格：

one of +形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+名词复数 单数名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格

one of my father’s friends/a friend of my father’s one of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours 1.复习

动词不定式做宾补的用法：

want/help/ask/teach/advise sb.to do, 代词要用宾格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages 2.一般将来时：

be going to结构的用法 be+副词词组：

be away/be back/be out/be in/be over/be on/be up to sb./sth.set out=set off, set up=create 3.将来进行时： 名词所有格：

如果名词复数以S结尾一般只加‘，如果名词是以S结尾的专有名词如人名，可以加’S, 也可以直接加‘，如：Keats’ work, the Johns’ house

名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的 1． 时间：today’s, new centry’s

2． 国家，城市名词：the country’s, the city’s

3． 机构组织：the station’s waiting room, the university’s library 4． 车，船，用具: the car’s wheel, the computer’s harddisk 5． 专有结构：at one’s wit’s end, 6． 价值：ten pound’s worth of meat, 7． 时间：in twenty minutes’ time 4.过去完成时： ask/ask for

except/except for/apart from

which of/neither of/both of/neither of 5.直接引语/间接引语

（一）如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时，那么间接引语要做相应变化：时态，人称，时间地点及指示词

时态变化：

一般现在时——一般过去时 现在进行时——过去进行时 一般过去时——过去完成时 现在完成时——过去完成时 一般将来时——过去将来时

be going to——was/were going to/would can----------------could may---------------might

时间地点及指示词的变化：

here—there, tomorrow—the next day, the following day, this—that… 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。Nervous/irritable

Office/study/desk afford

6.条件状语从句：主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，有时为了强调“能够”，“必须”还可以用情态动词

police/policeman

pay attention to/care for/take care of remind/remember

one/you可以指任何人：

One must never tell lies.You must never tell lies.7.情态动词： must/have to

as作为介词，以…身份，与like相同

as作为连词，因为，正当。。时候，以。。方式，如同。。那样 dress/suit/costume grow/grow up 8.have用法

give in, give away, give up, give up beside/besides

9.can/could/may/might

might as well表示“还是。。的好”，“还不如。。” He will never pass.He might as well give up.10.动名词： 动名词 1． 动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时称为动名词。动名词可以做主语，标语，宾语，介词宾语定语（即复合名词）

2． 动名词的几种形式：

主动形式 被动形式

一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done

3.做主语：

Finding work is difficult now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4.做表语：

My main hobby is reading.One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5.做宾语：

I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English.The flowers need watering.6.介词宾语：

He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.常用的一些加动名词的动词词组（注意总结）：take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in，7.做定语：

waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain(引水机)，parking slot…

8.动名词的否定： 在动名词前面加not，I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/amusing 1.被动语态

（二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be done have/has been done must have been done drive 用法 home/house

2.介词用法：见书 3.复习

there be句型

it做为虚主语可以用来表示时间，天气，温度，距离，人或指代一个句子或不定式。

4.Summary of Unit two 5.并列句

我们可以将几个简单句连在一起,组成并列句,常用以下连词:

and, but, so, yet, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but …as well, not only…but also

主谓一致:

当主语由and , both…and 连接时,通常用复数谓语.Both the girls and the boy are his friends.当主语由neither… nor, either…or, not only…but also或or 连接时,谓语动词与 nor, or, but also后面的一致,在英语语法中，这被称为就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6.一般现在时的复习,状态动词,标点符号的使用.以下一些动词很少用与进行时态:

appear(看起来), appreciate(鉴赏), believe(相信), feel(感觉到), forget(忘记), hear(听见), know(知道), like(喜欢), look like(看起来像), notice(注意到), remember(记得), resemble(形似), see(看到), think(认为), understand(理解), have(拥有),love(爱), seem(看起来), show(显示), mind(介意), sound(听起来), hate(讨厌), detest(憎恨), desire(意欲)，引号:

引号位于一行之上,应该在句尾其他标点符号, 如逗号,句号,问好之外.引语的第一个词以大写字母开头.在said, asked, 等词后面用逗号,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号.当said, asked等词置于引语之间时,句子的后半部分以小写开头.当一个新的说话人开始讲话时, 要另起一个段落.7.复习一般过去时/不规则过去式和过去分词

常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有300多个

put up(搭建), put out(扑灭), put on(穿上), put sb.up(为某人安排住宿), put up with(容忍), put down(抄写), put off(推迟), put away(放好，放到一边去)

8.现在完成时复习/定语从句(见复合句部分)与现在完成时连用的时间副词:

yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never，so far(迄今为止), up till now(直到现在), up to now(直到现在), since(自从), for a long time(很长时间), in the past/in the last few years(在过去的几年里), these days(目前)，某些非延续性动词(动作开始变终止的动词), 在现在完成时中不

能与表示一段时间状语搭配:

例如:die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend, 这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状语连用.Jane has gone away for a month.(wrong)Jane has been away for a month.(right)His father has died for two years.(wrong)His father has been dead for two years.(right)

has gone to(去了某地,指人还在那里), have been to(去过某地, 人已经不在那里了)。

9.一般过去时对比过去完成时,现在分词/过去分词 refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too 10.冠词用法 定冠词用法(1)特指

(2)地理名词前加定冠词 河流the yellow river 山脉

the Alps, the Himalayas

海峡海湾the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel(3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词

国名及政治组织名the United States, the United Kingdom 某些机构学校及建筑名

the British Museum

由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名

the New York Times, the Times 零冠词 1.街名

2.广场名

3.车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名: Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge

4.大学名

Yale University, Cambridge University

5.节日名National Day, May Day, News Years’ Day 6.多数杂志名

Time, Reader’s Digest 7.物质名词一般意义

Water boils at 100 degrees.We can not live without air.8.抽象名词Life is short.Art is difficult to appreciate.1.used to do 用法

Used to do 表示过去常常做某事现在不做了 I used to get up at seven o’clock.Experience, save, very/too

2.比较级/最高级, 比较状语从句（见复合句-比较状语从句）A/one的区别 3.介词用法

Passed/past, next/other 4.被动语态总结

一般现在时: is/am/are done 一般过去时: was/were done

现在进行时: is/am/are being done 现在完成时: have/has been done 过去完成时: had been done 一般将来时: will be done 过去将来时: would be done

过去进行时: was/were being done

情态动词: can be done, must be done, could be done, may be done, might be done，情态动词完成式: can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done，Call at(拜访某地), call out at(大声喊), call on(拜访某人), call sb up(给某人打电话), call off(取消)

5.主语+谓语(感官动词)+doing表示正在发生的事情,+do 表示已经完成的动作.So/such

So+adj./adv.such+n.固定用法：so many

6.一般将来时will/be going to do

will/be going to do一般情况下可以相互替换,但是要表示说话人决定做某事或者表示建议,请求, 肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable

7.将来完成时

Hold/look, look forward to(期望), look out(当心), look up(查询,), look sb.up(拜访某人)

8.as if /though+虚拟语气, 过去完成时总结 as if /though 常在描述行为的动词后面使用, 如act/look/feel/appear/smell/sound, 后面要用虚拟语气

He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.No sooner…than, hardly…when, country/countryside, continuously, continually, No sooner…than 一…就… 与过去完成时连用

I had no sooner come into the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果no sooner 放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装

No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly…when 几乎没来得及…就… 与过去完成时连用

He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardly…when放在句首, 主句的主谓结构倒装

Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.9.直接引语变间接引语

1.引语前用that, 口语中可以省略 2.根据句意改变人称

3.时态变化: 一般现在时-一般过去时, 一般过去时-过去完成时, 一般将来时-过去将来时, 现在进行时-过去进行时, 现在完成时-过去完成时, can-could, may-might, must-had to，4.一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词

this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week-the week before, two days ago-two days before(earlier), tomorrow-the next(following)day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take

如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了，比如在同一天说的话.She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.几种特殊的间接引语

特殊疑问句, 语序要变为陈述语序 “Where are you going?” he asked.He asked me where I was going.一般疑问句, 要加if/whether

“Will you come tomorrow?” he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.祈使句要变为不定式, 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的动词: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

10.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法, make/do

对现在事实的虚拟, if从句中谈论的是想象的情况,主句则推测想象的结果 结构: 主句用过去时, 从句用过去将来时

If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this offer.注意: 如果if从句中的动词是be, 那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词后用

were.Make/do用法

make conversation(聊天), make the bed(铺床), make a promise(许诺), make trouble(找麻烦), make progress(取得进步), make money(赚钱), make a speech(演讲,讲话), make mistakes(犯错误), make up one’s mind(下定决心)

do one’s best(尽最大努力), do one’s homework(做家庭作业), do a few jobs(做家务), do sb.a favour(帮忙), do work(工作), do exercise(做练习), do shopping(购物), do business(做生意)

1.情态动词need, must, have to 1.need 一般作为实义动词使用

需要某物He needs a hat.Does he need a hat? 需要做某事need to do

I need to have a rest.You need to finish your work.需要被…,主语与need 后的动词为被动关系:need doing=need to be done The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered.2.need用做情态动词时一般为否定形式needn’t(不必要), 可以用来回答含有must, have to 的一般疑问句, 与don’t have to 同义

Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn’t.3.need 完成式needn’t have done

4.mustn’t 表示不应该,一般口气比较强硬,没有商量.You mustn’t get up late.Remark/observe, notice 2.have 用法总结

have a ride(骑), have a look(看), have a wash(洗), have a swim(游泳), have a fight(打架), have quarrel(吵架), have a try(尝试), have a rest(休息), have a smoke(吸烟), have a good sleep(睡觉)

Pick sb up(接), pick up(拿出,学习,找到), pick out(挑出), 3.情态动词can/could/be able to do

1.can 表示可能性

If you want, I can go with you.2.表示天生或学到的能力, 可以用can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用在现在时和过去时中，在将来时中要用will be able to

3.表示现在正在发生的事要用can Look!He can stand on his head.4.表示成果的完成某个具体动作时通常不用could而用be able to, 表示某动作没有成功用couldn’t

Can he borrow a book successfully?

Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister.No, he couldn’t.At 词组

At first(开始), at once(立即), at present(目前), at last(最后), at any rate(无论如何), at heart(本质上), at least(至少), at times(不时), at a loss(不知所措)

4.复习动名词用法

1.动名词可以做句子的主语,表语,宾语,介词宾语

2.在含有介词的动词短语后面要用动名词, 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc.3.有些动词后面既可用动名词也可以用不定式,所表达的意思没有区别,常见的词: start, begin, continue, delay, mean，4.有些动词后面加不定式表示一件具体的事情，加动名词表示一种习惯.I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea.5.复习

Steal/rob, pay back

Steal表示偷偷摸摸的偷, 其宾语一般为物品 rob表示抢劫,其宾语一般是人或者某个处所 pay back 还钱, 报复 6.介词用法 7.复习

suggest 用法, 当建议用时后面加虚拟should +动词原形, should 可以省略.8.复习

Summary of Unit 39.复合句的构成： 用现在分词构成复合句：

现在分词的动作的主语需与主句的主语一致。

用过去分词构成复合句，用语较正式的文体，代替被动语态，Wounded in the war, his are can not move freely.Born in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of life.不定式构成复合句，不定式表示目的：

To buy a new car, the young man saved up for years.I went into the garden to pick some flowers.通过从句构成复合句：名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同谓语从句），关系从句（定语从句），状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，方式，目的，结果，比较，让步）10.复合句： lose/loose/miss expect/wait for

1.一般过去时复习： raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win 2.现在完成进行时 形容词变副词： 1．

直接在形容词后加-ly，careful-carefully, slow-slowly，2． 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I, 加-ly, happy-happily, lucky-luckily

3． 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late

4． 有些词加上-ly后意思与原词相差很远： near-nearly, high-highly, late-lately，3.时态对比：一般过去时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时 throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall

4.Some, any的用法

some, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some

many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money.I don’t have much money.当一个名词在词组中表示主要目的时不要定冠词：

in bed, at church, at class, college, hospital, market, prison, school, sea, university，go to school/church/work/ go to the cinema/theatre

most表示大多数或非常：

Most students came to class today.We are most excited.The most是many/much的比较级，或者构成形容词副词的比较级，只能表示最多或用在形容词或副词前面，This is the most interesting book I have ever seen.I have the most books in my class.5.Would/used to do

would do 表示过去习惯的动作，也可以用来表示过去经常性的行为，与used to do有时可以替换。不能替换的情况：

used to do表示与现在强烈对照时，不可以用would I used to get up early every day, but I get up very late now.used to do描写过去状态，would只表示过去特有的习惯和行为。I used to be a teacher.I used to have a company.I would walk along the river everyday after dinner.一个故事的开头不能用would表示过去习惯的动作，只能用used to do或者一般过去时：

When I was a little girl, I always went to the cinema(I used to go to the cinema).I would sit there for hours.used to do(过去常常做某事)/be used to doing（习惯做某事）6.比较级最高级复习：

很多：many/much/a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large sum of/a large amount of/a great many

handsome/beautiful/pretty/good-looking reach/arrive

take part in/take place 7.介词用法：

at表示某个具体的位置 in表示在。。里面 off表示离开

in/with还可以表示穿戴,with可以表示带有或长有：a woman in a blue dress, a girl with a hat, a man with a beard

make sb.do迫使某人做某事，变被动时要加to

His father made to quit his job.He was made to quit the job.Let sb.do表示允许某人做某事 Let’s表示建议：

Let’s go out for a walk.Let us go out please.否定：Don’t let us…/Let’s don’t… 8.被动语态/强调句型：

据说：it is said/ it was said that

强调：It is/was+ 被强调部分+that/who从句 I ate the apple two hours ago.It was I who ate the apple two hours ago.It was the apple that I ate two hours ago.I was tow hours ago that I ate the apple.强调谓语用do+动词原型

I did eat the apple two hours ago.Increase/grow Gain/earn Pick/cut

9.表示目的的几种方式：

带to的不定式及其变体：in order to, so as to

I came to this school to/in order to/so as to learn English.I came here not to study Chinese but to study English

So as not to/in order not to

Every morning I got up very early in order not to be late.Want/bring/buy/need/take/use常用宾语+不定式，不定式常表示宾语的目的： I want something to drink.I need a pen to write.Bring me a chair to sit.So that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句，主句一般用现在时，现在完成时或一般将来时时，从句要用shall, may, can, will

He speaks very loudly in order that his grandpa can hear him.She studies very hard so that she can enter university.主句是一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时时，从句要用should, could, might, would

The teacher wrote the excerises on the blackboard so that the students would see them when they came in.He sent a letter to his mother so that she could learn the good news.如主句主语和从句主语不同时还可以用不定式+for+名词/代词 He sent a letter for his mother to learn the good news.10.现在进行时表示将来发生的动作：

arrive, come, go, leave用在现在进行时句子里可以表示不远的将来发生的事情。

Spring is coming.I am leaving Beijing in two days.I’m meeting a guest this evening.名词修饰名词：

car key, world record, flower shop, fur coat, gold watch, cigarette ends, horror film, chair leg

1.时态对比：将来完成时，将来进行时，将来完成时 cost/price/value

2.时态对比：过去完成时/过去完成进行时 check/control great/big soil/ground

3.间接引语（祈使句）

祈使句要变为不定式, 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择 “Stay here,” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“Close the window, please,” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的动词: advise, ask, beg, command(命令), order, warn, tell, urge(催促), invite, persuade, remind, forbid

insist/suggest/order/demand后要用虚拟语态should+do，should 可以省略 He insisted that we should stay for dinner.4.虚拟语态（过去条件句的虚拟）（见虚拟语态总结）draw in/draw back/draw up/draw off

5.情态动词：

1． Must/have to do表示必须做某事，must表示现在和将来，have to do 可以用在任何时态

2． Should do/ought to do都可以表示应该做某事，ought to do语气更强，一般用在肯定句。

3． Had to do 表示过去必须做某事，should have done, ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而没做。

I should have told you the news earlier.He ought to have known the rules.4． Could have done表示本能够做某事而没做。I could have saved more people.5． Might/must have done表示对过去事实的推测

6． Couldn’t have done表示对过去事实的否定推测，表示不可能 He couldn’t have stolen the wallet.Let sb.down, let sb.off, let sb.out, let sb.in Agree/accept Dress up/dress 6.Have用法： have sth.done:

使别人为我们做某事

I have the car repaired.He has his hair cut.The officer had the clock checked.表示某种遭遇：

I have my wallet stolen.He had his teeth knocked out.My sister has her bike stolen.集合名词：

当这个名词作为一个整体使用时动词用单数，当这个名词作为一个组成整体的若干人时动词用复数。常见的有：family, crew, government, staff, class

7.表示成功的做成某事：

managed to do, was able to do, succeeded in doing 表示没成功做某事：

did not manage to do, wasn’t able to do, didn’t succeed in doing couldn’t do, tried to do could do表示可能做某事 say:

表示说，讲时，后面不能跟间接宾语，如果加用间接宾语加to，say sth.to sb.表示道别，背诵 表达思想，意见 表示据说

词组：say a good word, say a prayer tell:

表示说，讲后面可跟双宾语, tell sb.sth.常用于讲（实话，谎话，秘密）辨别，分辨

说出时间 8.动名词：

有些动词和形容词词组后要加动名词：

admit, appreciated, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, excuse, feel, keep, like, forgive, mention, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest

look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to, give up, can’t help, can’t stand, take to, object to, keep on, put off, burst out

opposed to, consent to ,dedicate to, devote to, admit to, confess to, fall to, in addition to, stick to, lead to, attribute to, get to

be busy/worth/no good/use doing, have trouble/difficulty/problem/, spend time or money doing, have difficult time doing

动名词完成式的被动结构：having been done 当一个行为动作由另一个行为动作紧跟着时，第一个动作可以用after doing,来表达，动名词完成式强调第一个行为动作在第二个行为动作开始之前完成。

After he had been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been asked to drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After I had been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.After having been elected drive out of town, he began to acquire confidence.practise/advise, pratice/advice enjoy/entertain/amuse 9.licence/license 10.介词用法： 1.复习：

official/employee/shop assistant/clerk/officer hang/hung, hang/hanged 2.复习：summary of unit 4

74.get out(滚出去，出去)/get into（进去）/get on（进展）/get on with（继续，相处）/get off（逃脱）/get sth.off（取下）/get over（恢复，结束）/get though（通过考试，吃完）

变成：

grow: 渐渐变成，强调过程，比get更正式 get: 口语中最常用，同grow

turn: 变得和以往完全不同，往往是变坏，变色，变声，变质，turn red/pale/sour

go: 进入某种状态，不好的状态，go bad ,go sour come: 强调结果，come real, come true, come loose，fall: 陷入，变成某种状态，后面不能加形容词比较级，fall asleep, fall ill As usual/than usual between/among

manager/director/headmaster/headmistress/principal/president 75.非限定性定语从句

1． 用who, which引导，前面用逗号隔开，起补充说明的意思，如去掉不影响整个句子的意思。

The managers, who knew the event, held an emergent meeting.2． Which可以指代前面的一句话

He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.3． 与限定性定语从句的区别，限定性定语从句是对先行词修饰限定，如果没有定语从句整个句子的意思就会改变，而非限定性从句只是起补充说明的作用，去掉以后不影响句意。例：

The visitors who knew the danger could not go any further.那些知道危险的游客们不敢再往前走，（一部分人）

The visitors, who knew the danger, could not go any further.游客们知道了危险不敢再往前走。（所有人）B.C., A.D.skin/leather/complexion wax/candle

78.keep on/keep off/ keep away from/ keep up/ keep up with/ keep out/ keep sb.in

79.倒装句：

1． 条件句中的倒装,（见虚拟语态）

2． 否定意义的副词放在句首，整个句子要倒装：never, seldom, little, not only, scarely, hardly, no sooner, on no occasion

Hardly had he stolen the wallet when he was caught by the police man.No sooner had he arrived the cinema than the film began.3． Only+ 状语，only after, only then

Only in this way could I finish the work timely.Only after he had taken off his hat did I recognize him.take off/take after/take up/take to/take in/take down/take over

80.on display/on show/on business/on foot/on duty/on the whole/on fire/on purpose/on the average/on any account/on second thoughts 80.Cloth, clothing, clothes，salute, greet, clear/clean

81.形容词修饰名词顺序：

特性——形状，大小，长短——颜色——名词 a beautiful broad red carpet a small blue case an ugly long face laugh/laugh at wash/wash up

82.在主句用though, if, although, until, when, while引导，可以省略主语和系动词

Though(he is)poor, he is satisfied with his conditions.Until(you are)invited, you should not come.If she(is in need), she will borrow money from her parents.Temper/mood

83.当宾语是不定式短语，动名词或从句时如果后面有宾语补语，必须用it做形式主语，think, find, feel, consider, make

He thought it easy to pass the examination.I feel if right that he should be punished.I think it wrong for people to behave like that.84.Too…to的用法 to/enough的区别 85.Out of

1． Out of the way/fashion/order/sight/danger/sight（与in介词相反）2． Out of breath/work/pring/cash/stock（没有，不足）3． Out of politeness/kindness/pity/curiosity(出于)Enough/fairly

Enough: 修饰形容词或副词/修饰名词/做代词使用 88.Run out of/run after/run over/run in/run into 89.free/single queue/row funny-amusing

90.And 连接的两个名词如果作为一个整体出现则用单数谓语动词

needle and thread, bacon and eggs, bread and butter, cheese and wine, fish and chips, a knife and fork, sausage and mash

91.Make for/make out/make up/make up for 92.So/neither的倒装句 so/neither+be+ 主语

so/neither+助动词+ 主语 so/neither+情态动词+ 主语 一般现在时, do, does/am, is, are 现在进行时, am, is, are 一般过去时, did

现在完成时, have, has 一般将来时, will, shall, 过去进行时，was, were 过去完成时，had 过去将来时, would 93.重音：

重音在第一个音节上为名词，重音在第二个音节为动词：

present, insult, produce, record, process, protest, contrast, contest, rebel, conduct, export, import, increase, permit

94.介词：

appear:强调观察者的主观看法 He appears to want to go.It appears as if she would win.He appears like a king.(别人觉得他像)seem：根据某种迹象得出一种结论或看法 It seems to rain.He seems like a king.(他的外表举止给人感觉像)look：根据外表推断

He looks like a king.（他看起来像，但实际不是。）