外交部温家宝回母校的讲话[精选合集]

第一篇：外交部温家宝回母校的讲话

外交部温家宝回母校的讲话

同学们、老师们：

屈指算来，我阔别南开中学已51年了，正式回母校看望师生，这还是第一次。我愿借此机会同大家谈谈心。

我1942年农历八月出生在天津北郊宜兴埠一个书香门第。我爷爷在村子里办学校，曾祖父是农民。再往以前，我家都是农民。我们家是从什么地方来到天津的，至今也没有人能说清楚。据说是从山西来投奔这里的温氏家族的。因为家里穷、没有地位，温氏家谱始终没有把我们家列入其中。

爷爷办的乡村小学，是冲破地主豪绅的阻力，第一个招收女生的学校。我记得，他常年为两件事奔波：一件是招聘教师，一件是为学校筹款。就是这样一所小学，很多教师都是大学毕业生，有的解放后当了教授。外婆家也在本村，外公去世很早，外婆靠开一个小药店谋生，家里还种着几亩地。每年秋天收玉米时，我坐在板车上玉米堆里从地里回家的情景至今历历在目。

我出生的年月正是日本侵略者在华北大扫荡和实行“三光”政策的时期。妈妈对我讲的一件事，至今记忆犹新：日本侵略者将全村人

集合在村西南的空地上，四周架起机关枪，用刺刀杀死无辜的平民。当时，妈妈把我紧紧搂在怀里。这件事深深刻在我的脑海里。

天津解放前夕，国民党军队为“坚壁清野”放火烧了宜兴埠。我的家连同爷爷办的学校、外婆家和她的小药店，全部化为灰烬。我们家逃难到天津城里，住在救济院。外婆在逃难中生了病，没过多久就去世了。她是最疼爱我的人。孩提时代，她抱着我，我常常揪她的头发，她一点儿也不生气。天津解放的那一晚，是一个不眠之夜。解放军包围了驻扎在救济院里的国民党军队，当晚进行了激战，手榴弹扔进了院子里，家里人都害怕地躲在床铺下，我却一点儿也没有害怕。第二天，天津解放了。

我的童年是在战争和苦难中度过的，穷困、动荡、饥荒的往事在我幼小的心灵里留下了难以磨灭的印象。我深知，这不是我们一个家庭的苦难，也不是我出生的那个年代的苦难，中华民族的历史就是一部苦难史。我逐渐认识到一个道理：中华民族灾难深重极了，唯有科学、求实、民主、奋斗，才能拯救中国。“如将不尽，与古为新”、“周虽旧邦，其命维新”。只有推翻封建专制和官僚买办的统治，人民才能得到解放；只有不断革新，中国才能进步。

在我上小学、中学期间，家境十分贫寒。父母和我们三兄妹一直租住在一间不到9平方米的小屋子里，每月的房租相当于一袋面粉钱，那时父亲月工资最低时只有37元。我患过一次白喉，父亲把仅有的

一块手表卖掉，买药给我打针。此后他多年没有戴过手表。因为经常目睹普通百姓生活的艰辛，我从小就富有同情心，这尤其表现为对普通百姓特别是穷人的同情，对不公道事情的憎恶。一种朴素的平等观念在我的心中萌生：人人生而平等，社会的每一个成员都应平等相处。

我的中学是在南开上的。从12岁到18岁是一个人成长的关键时期。因此，南开六年的学习生活，对我人生观的形成有着重要影响，也给我留下了终生难忘的印象。南开中学是一所历史悠久的学校，她的建立、成长和发展始终同国家的兴衰和民族的命运联系在一起。无论是战争年代，还是建设时期，她都为国家输送了大批人才，这就是南开的道路。我在这所学校里学习，首先懂得的就是一个人必须有远大的理想，有崇高的志向。从小就应该立志把自己的一生献给祖国和人民。我努力学习知识，坚持锻炼身体，刻苦自励，从学习和生活的点点滴滴入手，努力把自己造就成为一个对国家和人民有用的人。南开的校训是“允公允能，日新月异”。这八个字就是南开的灵魂，它提倡的是为公、进步、创新和改革。我上中学时就愿意独立思考，渴望发现问题，探索真知，追求真理。我记得，那时除了学习课本知识以外，我还广泛阅读国内外政治、经济、文化书籍。南开永葆青春，这就是南开精神。在求学期间，我和同学们总是朝气蓬勃，不怕困难，勇往直前。除了学习以外，我还喜欢参加各种课外活动。我不仅爱读书，还是体育爱好者。南开永远年轻，她的学生也都充满活力。我们要坚持走南开的道路，崇尚南开的风格，发扬南开的精神。

上高中和大学以后，我家里人在接连不断的政治运动中受到冲击。爷爷在1960年因脑溢血去世，是我把他背进医院的。现在他教过书的学校还留着他的档案，里面装了一篇篇的“检查”，小楷字写得工工整整，字里行间流露出对人民教育事业的忠诚。父亲也在1960年因被审查所谓的“历史问题”，不能教书，被送到郊外一个农场养猪，后来到图书馆工作。我考上大学向他告别就是在离城很远的养猪场。父亲告假回家帮我收拾行李。他是个老实人，一辈子勤勤恳恳。今年他过世了，可谓“生得安分，走得安详”。尽管家里出现这样一些情况，我仍然追求进步。我是个善于思考的人，我总是把书本里学到的东西同现实加以比较，立志为改造社会而献身。

因为父亲喜欢自然地理，我从小就对地球科学产生了兴趣。在北京地质学院，我在地质系就读5年。大学期间，我加入了中国共产党。后来又考取了研究生，专攻大地构造。回忆在地质学院近8年的学习和生活，我曾概括为三句话：母校给了我地质学知识，母校给了我克服困难的勇气，母校给了我接触群众的机会。那段时期同样是难忘的。

参加工作以后，我有14年时间是在海拔4000到5000米的极其艰苦的祁连山区和北山沙漠戈壁地区工作。这期间，我一边工作一边接触基层群众，更使我深深懂得了民生的疾苦和稼穑的艰难。我来自人民，我也有苦难的童年，我同情每一个穷人，愿为他们的幸福献出自己的一切。到中央工作后，从上世纪80年代中期开始，我用整整

10年时间，深入农村、厂矿、科研院所调研。在农村，我白天坐在农民家的炕头上了解情况，晚上开座谈会。我住过乡里、住过粮库，经常在一个县一呆就是一个星期。我几乎走遍了中国科学院的研究所，同科学家交朋友、谈心。我认为，一个领导者最重要的是要懂得民情、民心、民意，而民心向背决定政权的存亡。衡量政策好坏的标准只有一条，就是群众高兴不高兴、满意不满意、答应不答应。我之所以经常讲穷人的经济学、穷人的政治学和穷人的教育学，就是想让人们懂得在中国乃至世界上，穷人占多数。一个政府、一个社会应该更多地关爱穷人，穷人应该拥有平等的权利。在中国，不懂得穷人，不懂得农民和城市贫困阶层，也就不会懂得穷人的经济学，更不可能树立穷人的教育观。公平的核心是在生存、竞争和发展的机会上人人平等，而不是基于财富或其他特权的平等。一个政府如果忽视民众和民生，就是忽视了根本。而公平和正义是社会的顶梁柱，失去了它，社会这个大厦就会倒塌。“国之命，在人心”，说的就是人心向背决定社会的发展和政权的存亡。政府是穷人最后的希望，民众的贫穷是政府最痛心的事。只有把这些道理真正弄懂，才算真正理解“以人为本”的含义。

新中国成立60多年来，特别是改革开放30多年来，我国经济社会发展取得了很大的成就，这是有目共睹的，必须充分肯定。但也要看到，我国经济社会发展还存在不平衡、不协调、不可持续的问题，城乡差距、地区差距依然存在；一些地方还存在干部脱离群众，形式主义、官僚主义严重，甚至以权谋私和贪污腐败的现象；收入分配不

合理，有的地方社会矛盾比较突出，群体性事件时有发生。在这种情况下，我们必须做好经济发展、社会公正、民主法治和干部廉洁这几件大事。这都是人心所向，无论哪个方面出了问题，都会影响到社会稳定和国家安宁。而要做到这一切，必须在党的领导下，推进改革开放，坚持走中国特色社会主义道路。

我担任总理已近9年了。这段时期，我们国家遇到许多灾害和困难。从2003年的“非典”到2008年的汶川大地震，再到2010年舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害，各种自然灾害和突发事件几乎没有中断过。百年不遇的国际金融危机已持续4年之久，给中国经济发展带来了极大的冲击。在这种情况下，我们的人民没有畏惧，没有退缩，总是满怀信心、坚持不懈地努力把自己的事情办好。我十分清楚，实现现代化目标，任务还十分艰巨，需要许多代人的长期艰苦奋斗。这一历史任务必将落在你们青年人肩上。未来是属于青年的。青年兴则国家兴，青年强则国家强。但愿青年朋友们以青春之人生，创造青春之中国、青春之社会，实现中华民族的伟大复兴。

讲到这里，我又想起了南开，中国没有南开不行，南开不与时俱进不行。这句话的意思是，中国需要教育，更需要有理想、有本领、勇于献身的青年，这是中国命脉之所在。张伯苓先生自创办南开之日起，就善于借鉴世界优秀文明成果，紧密结合中国国情，坚持自主办学，重视教育改革和创新，提倡个性教育和多样化教育，推崇“独立

之精神、自由之思想”，努力培养全面发展的人才。57年前，当我坐在这座礼堂里第一次参加开学典礼的时候，杨坚白校长和杨志行校长穿着一样的米色中山装，并肩站在讲台上，用他们特有的气质给大家讲话，告诉我们做人的道理，这一幕我至今难以忘怀。南开之所以涌现出一大批志士仁人和科技、文化俊才，是因为她有自己的灵魂。人是要有灵魂的，学校也要有灵魂。让我们牢记“允公允能，日新月异”的校训，共同努力把南开办得更好，使“巍巍我南开精神”发扬光大，代代相传。

南开培养了我，南开是我心里的一块圣地，我是爱南开的。过去如此，现在依旧，而且愈发强烈。南开精神像一盏明灯，始终照亮着每一个南开人前进的道路。我愿同师生们一起奋斗，做一个无愧于南开的南开人！

第二篇：外交部讲话

王岐山在第四次中英经济财金对话开幕式上的致辞（全文）

2011/09/08

2011年9月8日，中国国务院副总理王岐山在伦敦主持第四次中英经济财金对话并发表开幕致辞。全文如下：

第四次中英经济财金对话开幕致辞

（2011年9月8日，伦敦）

尊敬的奥斯本财政大臣，各位同事：

很高兴与奥斯本财政大臣共同主持第四次中英经济财金对话。中方代表团对英方的周到安排表示衷心的感谢！

2010年11月，卡梅伦首相访华，两国领导人提出，要从21世纪全球视角和战略高度规划好两国关系。今年6月，温家宝总理对英国进行正式访问，双方确定了新的合作重点，签署了12项合作文件。本次对话的主要任务是，落实两国领导人达成的重要共识，用实际行动推动中英全面战略伙伴关系健康发展。

当前，世界经济形势极为复杂和不确定，国际金融市场动荡加剧，“家家都有一本难念的经”。欧洲主权债务危机十分严峻，美国就业和房地产市场持续低迷，日本经济增长乏力，新兴经济体和发展中国家通胀压力加大。确保经济金融稳定，推动全球经济强劲、可持续、平衡增长是各国面临的首要任务。解决欧债危机，需要欧盟特别是欧元区国家对有效的救助措施达成共识，协调配合，尽快付诸实施。欧洲经济的稳定对世界经济复苏至关重要，也关系到中国经济的健康稳定发展。中方对欧洲经济和欧元抱有信心，支持欧元区、欧盟和国际货币基金组织采取的应对措施，相信欧洲有能力、有智慧克服当前困难，走出危机。

目前，中国经济形势总体是好的，但也面临着来自国内外的多方面挑战。为此，中国政府已经和正在采取一系列宏观调控的政策措施，实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，妥善处理保增长、调结构和抑制通胀的关系，努力保持经济持续平稳增长。希望英方振兴经济、保持财政可持续性的措施尽快见到成效。双方应就事关两国经济的重大问题交流信息，加强沟通。

中英两国经济互补性强，合作潜力巨大。中国正在实施“十二五”规划，英国也出台了未来增长计划，明年还将举办伦敦奥运会，中英经济合作孕育着新的机遇。双方应充分发挥各自优势，深化经贸、投资、金融、科技、旅游等各领域合作，在基础设施、高端制造、新能源、节能环保等领域打造新的合作亮点，努力实现2015年双边贸易额达到1000亿美元的目标。希望双方在金融监管改革、风险防范、产品创新、信息交流及人才培训等方面，加强交流与合作。

充分照顾彼此关切，是对话与合作的重要前提。对于英方关注的知识产权保护、市场准入等问题，中方已取得积极进展。中国政府打击侵权假冒专项行动成效显著，软件正版化全面推进。希望英方积极支持中国企业赴英投资，继续推动欧盟放宽对华高技术产品出口管制、尽早承认中国市场经济地位。

中英作为二十国集团的重要成员，应当保持各层面的密切沟通，与其他成员国一道，团结一致，加强宏观经济政策协调，稳步推进国际货币金融体系改革，反对贸易保护主义，避免经济问题政治化，确保戛纳峰会取得成功。

各位同事！

中英经济财金对话是两国经济合作的重要平台。我相信，只要双方秉持建设性的合作精神，立足当前，着眼长远，坦诚沟通，深入交流，本次对话就一定能够取得更多互利共赢的成果。

预祝本次对话圆满成功！

第三篇：温家宝讲话

温家宝：关于发展社会事业和改善民生的几个问题

2010年04月01日09:10 来源：《求是》

八、大力推进社会事业领域的改革

改革开放以来，与经济体制改革相适应，我国社会事业领域的改革也一直在向前推进，并取得了重要进展。其标志就是打破了过去完全由国家经办的体制，调动了社会积极性。但是总的看，我国社会事业领域的改革开放仍然相对滞后。比较突出的问题是，政府责任不到位和包揽过多同时并存，该管的没有管到位，该放的没有真正放下去，发挥市场机制、社会资本和民间组织的作用不够，调动各方面积极性的体制机制不健全，社会事业发展的活力不足。这种情况制约了社会事业发展，也制约经济发展。当前公共产品供给不足，公共服务的资源配置不合理、不公平，与社会事业发展滞后有关，也与社会事业领域改革滞后有关。我们必须着眼于促进经济社会协调发展、促进社会公平正义、促进社会和谐稳定的大局，充分认识加快社会事业领域改革的重要性和紧迫性，大力推进社会事业领域的改革，为社会事业加快发展增添新的动力。

从我国社会事业领域改革的历程和经验看，推进社会事业改革开放，必须处理好政府和市场的关系，公平和效率的关系，尽力而为和量力而行的关系。在工作上，要从以下几个方面入手。

第一，把维护社会事业的公益性、保障人民群众基本公共服务需求作为政府的主要职责。社会事业涉及人民群众基本需求和普遍公共利益，公益性是其基本特征。社会事业的公益性一旦受到损害，人民群众的基本需求和权益就得不到保障，社会就会失去起码的公平和正义。在社会主义市场经济条件下，政府的主要职责就是保障人民群众的基本需求、保障公共利益。目前我们在这方面做得还不到位。为此，要进一步转变政府职能，加强公共服务职能，加快健全覆盖全民的基本公共服务体系，推进基本公共服务均等化。在社会事业特别是涉及基本民生方面，包括就业、社保、教育、文化、医药卫生等，都要建立健全保障人民基本需求的制度，这是政府义不容辞的责任。

要强调一点，就是保“基本”需求的标准，要与经济社会发展水平和阶段相适应，随着经济发展、财力增强而逐步提高。既不能滞后也不能超前。滞后了，人民群众的基本需求得不到有效保障，就会产生不满情绪，积累社会矛盾；超前了，财政压力过大或无力支撑，反而不可持续。也就是说，既要尽力而为，又要量力而行。愿望超前和能力滞后永远是一对矛盾。要加快建立健全公共财政体制，调整财政支出结构，投入更多的资金，支持社会事业与经济协调发展。

第二，把应该由社会和市场发挥作用的真正交给社会和市场。社会需求总是呈现多层次和多样性。怎样确定政府的责任范围、划分政府与市场的界限，这是社会事业领域改革必须明确的一个问题。当前各方面反映公共服务领域政府包揽多，社会资本进入难。政府把责任和保障面定得过宽，不仅会降低保“基本”的能力和水平，还会影响社会各方面参与发展社会事业的积极性和活力。各项社会事业都应当区分“基本”和“非基本”。“非基本”的社会事业交给社会和市场，通过发展相关产业，满足多层次、个性化的需求，政府要履行监管责任。现在看，政府办了许多应当交给市场和社会办的事。使用公共资源办高档服务，满足少数人的需求，会加剧分配不公和社会不满。少数人的需求也需要满足，但应当交给社会和市场。这次新医改的最大特点，就是区分“基本”和“非基本”，政府主要保“基本”，包括基本保障、基本医疗、基本公共卫生和基本药物，强调人人有基本保障，人人享有基本医药卫生服务。高档的、选择性的、个性化的医药卫生服务要逐步交给社会办，由市场调节。教育、科技、文化、体育等社会事业都要这样做。对此，思想要解放一点，胆子要大一点，步子要快一点。在社会事业所有领域，都要进一步放宽准入，调动全社会参与的积极性。这样不仅可以为社会资本开辟更大的投资空间，利用社会资本加快社会事业发展，同时也有利于政府集中力量办好该办的事情。

第三，由政府保障的基本公共服务，也要深化改革、提高绩效。在服务提供上，应该更多地利用社会资源，建立购买服务的机制。要逐步做到凡适合面向市场购买的基本公共服务，都采取购买服务的方式；不适合或不具备条件购买服务的，再由政府直接提供。要鼓励社会资本投资建立非营利性公益服务机构。各类社会机构和企业愿意参与基本公共服务的，只要具备资质、符合条件，就应当鼓励进入。政府择优为人民群众购买服务，基本公共服务领域就会逐步形成有序竞争和多元化参与的局面。这样就能有效动员和综合利用社会资源来加强和改善基本公共服务，提高服务质量和效率。

事业单位改革也是下阶段必须努力抓好的一项重要工作。事业单位改革与社会事业发展密切相关，也是公共管理和服务体制改革的重要方面。这项改革已经进行了多年，取得了很大进展。但随着形势发展，一些事业单位的职能和属性已经发生变化，即使仍然从事公益服务的事业单位，管理体制和运行机制不适应新形势的问题也越来越突出。中央准备近期下发一个文件，进一步推动这项改革。主要是按照政事分开、事企分开和管办分离原则，积极稳妥地对现有事业单位分类进行改革。将主要承担行政职能的，逐步转为行政机构或将其行政职能划归行政机构；将主要从事生产经营活动的，逐步改制为企业；对面向社会提供公益服务的，要强化公益属性，继续保留，但要改革管理体制、运行机制，探索建立法人治理结构，改革人事制度、收入分配制度、社会保险制度，完善财政支持政策。今后不再设立承担行政职能和主要从事生产经营活动的事业单位。事业单位改革涉及面广、情况复杂，一定要在做好整体规划的基础上，积极稳妥地推进，确保改革中公共服务得到改善，社会事业得到加强，社会保持基本稳定。

（本文系温家宝同志2010年2月4日在省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班上的讲话，发表时作了个别修改。）

第四篇：温家宝讲话

温家宝主持国务院常务会议研究促进中小企业发展

研究确定支持小型和微型企业发展的金融财税政策措施

中国网络电视台消息：国务院总理温家宝12日主持召开国务院常务会议，研究确定支持小型和微型企业发展的金融、财税政策措施。

会议指出，小型和微型企业在促进经济增长、增加就业、科技创新与社会和谐稳定等方面具有不可替代的作用。当前一些小型微型企业经营困难，融资难和税费负担偏重等问题突出，必须引起高度重视。要加强金融服务和财税扶持，主要加大对符合国家产业和环保政策、能够吸纳就业的科技、服务和加工业等实体经济的支持力度，引导和帮助小型微型企业稳健经营、增强盈利能力和发展后劲。

会议研究确定了金融支持小型微型企业发展的政策措施：

（一）加大对小型微型企业的信贷支持。银行业金融机构对小型微型企业贷款的增速不低于全部贷款平均增速，增量高于上年同期水平，对达到要求的小金融机构继续执行较低存款准备金率。商业银行重点加大对单户授信500万元以下小型微型企业的信贷支持。加强贷款监管和最终用户监测，确保用于小型微型企业正常的生产经营。

（二）清理纠正金融服务不合理收费，切实降低企业融资的实际成本。除银团贷款外，禁止商业银行对小型微型企业贷款收取承诺费、资金管理费。严格限制商业银行向小型微型企业收取财务顾问费、咨询费等费用。

（三）拓宽小型微型企业融资渠道。逐步扩大小型微型企业集合票据、集合债券、短期融资券发行规模，积极稳妥发展私募股权投资和创业投资等融资工具。进一步推动交易所市场和场外市场建设，改善小型微型企业股权质押融资环境。积极发展小型微型企业贷款保证保险和信用保险。

（四）细化对小型微型企业金融服务的差异化监管政策。对小型微型企业贷款余额和客户数量超过一定比例的商业银行放宽机构准入限制，允许其批量筹建同城支行和专营机构网点。对商业银行发行金融债所对应的单户500万元以下的小型微型企业贷款，在计算存贷比时可不纳入考核范围。允许商业银行将单户授信500万元以下的小型微型企业贷款视同零售贷款计算风险权重，降低资本占用。适当提高对小型微型企业贷款不良率的容忍度。

（五）促进小金融机构改革与发展。强化小金融机构重点服务小型微型企业、社区、居民和“三农”的市场定位。在审慎监管的基础上促进农村新型金融机构组建工作，引导小金融机构增加服务网点，向辖内县域和乡镇地区延伸机构。

（六）在规范管理、防范风险的基础上促进民间借贷健康发展。有效遏制民间借贷高利贷化倾向，依法打击非法集资、金融传销等违法活动。严格监管，禁止金融从业人员参与民间借贷。对小型微型企业的金融支持，要按照市场原则进行，减少行政干预，防范信用风险和道德风险。

会议研究确定了财税支持小型微型企业发展的政策措施：

（一）加大对小型微型企业税收扶持力度。提高小型微型企业增值税和营业税起征点。将小型微利企业减半征收企业所得税政策，延长至2015年底并扩大范围。将符合条件的国家中小企业公共技术服务示范平台纳入科技开发用品进口税收优惠政策范围。

（二）支持金融机构加强对小型微型企业的金融服务。对金融机构向小型微型企业贷款合同三年内免征印花税。将金融企业中小企业贷款损失准备金税前扣除政策延长至2013年底。将符合条件的农村金融机构金融保险收入减按3%征收营业税的政策，延长至2015年底。

（三）扩大中小企业专项资金规模，更多运用间接方式扶持小型微型企业。进一步清理取消和减免部分涉企收费。

会议要求各地区、各有关部门把支持小型微型企业健康发展作为重要任务，认真制定有关政策措施，切实抓好落实。

第五篇：温家宝2009讲话

温家宝在世界经济论坛2009年年会上的讲话

坚定信心 加强合作 推动世界经济新一轮增长

Strengthen Confidence and Work Together for A New Round of World Economic Growth ━━在世界经济论坛2009年年会上的特别致辞

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝

Special Message by H.E.Wen Jiabao

Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China At the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009（2009年1月28日）

尊敬的施瓦布主席，女士们，先生们：

Professor Klaus Schwab, Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, Ladies and Gentlemen，很高兴出席世界经济论坛2009年年会，并发表特别致辞。首先，我要感谢施瓦布主席的盛情邀请和周到安排。本届年会意义特殊，在历史罕见的国际金融危机之中，各国政要、企业家和专家学者聚集在这里，围绕“重塑危机后的世界”这一主题，共同探讨维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济增长的举措，探索全球综合治理之道，既有重要的现实意义，也体现了会议举办者的远见卓识。各方面热切期盼从这里听到富有智慧的声音，凝聚战胜危机的力量。我们有责任向世界传递信心、勇气和希望。我预祝本届年会取得成功！

I am delighted to be here and address the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting 2009.Let me begin by thanking Chairman Schwab for his kind invitation and thoughtful arrangements.This annual meeting has a special significance.Amidst a global financial crisis rarely seen in history, it brings together government leaders, business people, experts and scholars of different countries to jointly explore ways to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth and better address global issues.Its theme--“Shaping the Post-Crisis World” is highly relevant.It reflects the vision of its organizers.People from across the world are eager to hear words of wisdom from here that will give them strength to tide over the crisis.It is thus our responsibility to send to the world a message of confidence, courage and hope.I look forward to a successful meeting.我们正在经历的这场国际金融危机，使世界经济陷入上世纪大萧条以来最困难的境地。各国和国际社会纷纷采取积极应对措施，对提振信心、缓解危机、防止金融体系崩溃和世界经济深度衰退起到了重要作用。这场危机的原因是多方面的。主要是：有关经济体宏观经济政策不当、长期低储蓄高消费的发展模式难以为继；金融机构片面追逐利润而过度扩张；金融及评级机构缺乏自律，导致风险信息和资产定价失真；金融监管能力与金融创新不匹配，金融衍生品风险不断积聚和扩散。“吃一堑，长一智”。我们必须从中认真吸取教训，正确处理储蓄与消费的关系，金融创新与金融监管的关系，虚拟经济与实体经济的关系，从根本上找到化解危机之策。

The ongoing international financial crisis has landed the world economy in the most difficult situation since last century's Great Depression.In the face of the crisis, countries and the international community have taken various measures to address it.These measures have played an important role in boosting confidence, reducing the consequences of the crisis, and forestalling a meltdown of the financial system and a deep global recession.This crisis is attributable to a variety of factors and the major ones are: inappropriate macroeconomic policies of some economies and their unsustainable model of development characterized by prolonged low savings and high consumption;excessive expansion of financial institutions in a blind pursuit of profit;lack of self-discipline among financial institutions and rating agencies and the ensuing distortion of risk information and asset pricing;and the failure of financial supervision and regulation to keep up with financial innovations, which allowed the risks of financial derivatives to build and spread.As the saying goes, “A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit,” we must draw lessons from this crisis and address its root causes.In other words, we must strike a balance between savings and consumption, between financial innovation and regulation, and between the financial sector and real economy.坦率地说，这场危机对中国经济也造成较大冲击，我们正面临严峻挑战。主要是：外部需求明显收缩，部分行业产能过剩，企业生产经营困难，城镇失业人员增多，经济增长下行的压力明显加大。

The current crisis has inflicted a rather big impact on China's economy.We are facing severe challenges, including notably shrinking external demand, overcapacity in some sectors, difficult business conditions for enterprises, rising unemployment in urban areas and greater downward pressure on economic growth.中国作为一个负责任的大国，在危机中采取了积极负责的态度。我们把扩大国内有效需求特别是消费需求作为促进经济增长的基本立足点。及时调整宏观经济政策取向，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定和实施一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。

As a big responsible country, China has acted in an active and responsible way during this crisis.We mainly rely on expanding effective domestic demand, particularly consumer demand, to boost economic growth.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, swiftly adopted a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately easy monetary policy, introduced ten measures to shore up domestic demand and put in place a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at ensuring steady and relatively fast economic growth.一是大规模增加政府支出和实施结构性减税。中国政府推出了总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国GDP的16%，主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、生态环保等方面的建设和地震灾后恢复重建，既有“十一五”规划内加快实施的项目，也有根据发展需要新增的项目。这个计划经过了科学论证，在资金保证上作了周密安排，其中中央政府计划投资1．18万亿元，并带动地方和社会资金参与建设。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，主要是全面实施增值税转型，出台中小企业、房地产交易相关税收优惠政策等措施，取消和停征100项行政事业性收费，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。

First, substantially increase government spending and implement a structural tax cut.The Chinese Government has rolled out a two-year program involving a total investment of RMB 4 trillion, equivalent to 16 percent of China's GDP in 2007.The investment will mainly go to government-subsidized housing projects, projects concerning the well-being of rural residents, railway construction and other infrastructural projects, environmental protection projects and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.Some of them are identified as priority projects in China's 11th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development.The rest are additional ones to meet the needs of the new situation.This two-year stimulus program has gone through scientific feasibility studies and is supported by a detailed financial arrangement.RMB 1.18 trillion will come from central government's budget, which is expected to generate funds from local governments and other sources.The Chinese Government has also launched a massive tax cut program which features the comprehensive transformation of the value-added tax, the adoption of preferential tax policies for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)and real estate transactions, and the abolition or suspension of 100 items of administrative fees.It is expected to bring about a total saving of RMB 500 billion for businesses and households each year.二是大频度降息和增加银行体系流动性。中央银行连续五次下调金融机构存贷款利率，其中一年期存、贷款基准利率累计分别下调1．89和2．16个百分点，大幅度减轻企业财务负担。连续四次下调存款准备金率，大型金融机构累计下调2个百分点，中小型金融机构累计下调4个百分点，共释放流动性约8000亿元，使商业银行可用资金大幅增加。出台一系列金融促进经济增长的政策措施，扩大贷款总量，优化信贷结构，加大对“三农”、中小企业等方面的金融支持。

Second, frequently cut interest rates and increase liquidity in the banking system.The central bank has cut deposit and lending rates of financial institutions five times in a row, with the one-year benchmark deposit and lending rates down by 1.89 percentage points and 2.16 percentage points respectively.Thus the financial burden of companies has been greatly reduced.The required reserve ratio has been lowered four times, adding up to a total reduction of 2 percentage points for large financial institutions and 4 percentage points for small and medium-sized ones.This has released around RMB 800 billion of liquidity and substantially increased funds available to commercial banks.A series of policy measures have been adopted in the financial sector to boost economic growth, including increasing lending, optimizing the credit structure, and providing greater financial support to agriculture and the SMEs.三是大范围实施产业调整振兴规划。我们抓住机遇全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等重点产业的调整和振兴规划，既着眼于解决企业当前存在的困难，又致力于产业的长远发展。采取有力措施，推进企业兼并重组，淘汰落后产能，发展先进生产力，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励企业技术进步和技术改造，支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，调整产品结构，开发适销对路产品，提高生产经营水平。我们不断完善和落实金融支持政策，健全信用担保体系，放宽市场准入，支持中小企业发展。Third, implement the industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program on a large scale.We are seizing the opportunity to push ahead comprehensive industrial restructuring and upgrading.To this end, plans are being drawn up for key industries such as automobile and iron and steel, which not only focus on addressing the immediate difficulties of enterprises but also look toward their long-term development.We have taken strong measures to facilitate the merger and reorganization of enterprises, phase out backward production capacity, promote advanced productive forces, and improve industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage our enterprises to upgrade technologies and make technological renovation.We support them in making extensive use of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials to restructure their product mix, develop marketable products and improve their competitiveness.Our financial support policies are being improved, a sound credit guarantee system installed and market access eased for the benefit of SME development.四是大力推进科技创新和技术改造。加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，创造新的社会需求，培育新的经济增长点。五是大幅度提高社会保障水平。

Fourth, actively encourage innovation and upgrading in science and technology.We are speeding up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development with a special focus on 16 key projects in order to make breakthroughs in core technologies and key generic technologies.This will provide scientific and technological support for China's sustainable economic development at a higher level.We are developing high-tech industrial clusters and creating new social demand and new economic growth areas.Fifth, substantially raise the level of social security.我们加快完善社会保障体系，继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平，提高优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准。今年中央财政用于社会保障和就业的资金投入增幅将大大高于财政收入增速。

We have accelerated the improvement of social safety net.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas, welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support and the special allowances and assistance to entitled groups.This year, the central budget for social security and employment will increase at a much higher rate than the growth of the overall fiscal revenue.我们积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务，预计三年内各级政府将为此投入8500亿元。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。

We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.It is estimated that governments at all levels will invest RMB 850 billion for this purpose.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.今年将进一步提高农村义务教育公用经费标准，加大对家庭经济困难学生的资助，提高中小学教师待遇，继续促进教育公平和优化教育结构。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，特别是出台了促进高校毕业生和农民工就业的各项政策措施，进一步开辟公益性就业岗位，千方百计减缓金融危机对就业的影响。

This year, we will increase public funds for compulsory education in rural areas, offer more financial support to students from poor families and improve the well-being of middle and primary school teachers so as to promote equity in education and optimize the educational structure.We are using every possible means to lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.We are following a more active employment policy.In particular, we have introduced various policy measures to help college graduates and migrant workers find jobs and provided more government-funded jobs in public service.总的看，这些重大政策措施，注重标本兼治、远近结合，综合协调、相互促进，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、推进科技创新、加强社会保障结合起来，把增加投资和刺激消费结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生结合起来，对于动员全社会力量共同应对危机，起到了关键性作用。

These major policy measures as a whole target both symptoms and root causes, and address both immediate and long-term concerns.They represent a holistic approach and are mutually reinforcing.They are designed to address the need to boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, encourage scientific innovation and strengthen social security.They are designed to stimulate consumption through increased investment, overcome the current difficulties with long-term development in mind, and promote economic growth in the interest of people's livelihood.These measures can mobilize all resources to meet the current crisis.当前中国经济形势总体上是好的。经过努力，在战胜两场突如其来的特大自然灾害的同时，2008年中国经济保持了平稳较快发展。国内生产总值增长9%，居民消费价格基本稳定；粮食连续五年丰收，总产量达到5．28亿吨；城镇新增就业1113万人，城乡居民收入持续增加；金融体系稳健运行，银行体系流动性和信贷资产质量保持在较好水平。作为一个发展中大国，中国把自己的事情办好，有利于提振对世界经济增长的信心，有利于减缓国际金融危机扩散蔓延趋势，有利于增加中国的进口和对外投资，拉动世界经济增长，给其他国家提供更多发展机遇和就业机会。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对维护国际金融稳定和促进世界经济增长做出了重要贡献。

China's economy is in good shape on the whole.We managed to maintain steady and relatively fast economic growth in 2008 despite two unexpected massive natural disasters.Our GDP grew by 9 percent.CPI was basically stable.We had a good grain harvest for the fifth consecutive year, with a total output of 528.5 million tons.Eleven million and one hundred and thirty thousand new jobs were created in cities and towns.Household income in both urban and rural areas continued to rise.The financial system functioned well and the banking system kept its liquidity and credit asset quality at a healthy level.When China, a large developing country, runs its affairs well, it can help restore confidence in global economic growth and curb the spread of the international financial crisis.It will also help increase China's imports and outbound investment, boost world economic growth and create more development and job opportunities for other countries.Steady and fast growth of China's economy is in itself an important contribution to global financial stability and world economic growth.女士们，先生们： Ladies and Gentlemen，中国经济能不能继续保持平稳较快发展？有些人可能会有疑虑。我可以给大家一个肯定的回答：我们对此充满信心。我们的信心来自哪里？信心来自中国经济发展的基本面没有改变。由于我们正确判断形势、及时果断调整宏观经济政策，中国经济仍然保持了平稳较快发展。我们制定并实施的既应对当前困难又着眼长远发展的一揽子计划，开始见到效果，今年将发挥更大作用。信心来自中国经济发展的长期趋势没有改变。Will China's economy continue to grow fast and steadily? Some people may have doubts about it.Yet I can give you a definite answer: Yes, it will.We are full of confidence.Where does our confidence come from? It comes from the fact that the fundamentals of China's economy remain unchanged.Thanks to our right judgment of the situation and prompt and decisive adjustment to our macroeconomic policy, our economy remains on the track of steady and fast development.Our package plan takes into consideration both the need to address current difficulties and that of long-term development.It is beginning to produce results and will be more effective this year.Our confidence comes from the fact that the long-term trend of China's economic development remains unchanged.我们仍处于重要战略机遇期，在工业化和城镇化快速推进中，基础设施建设、产业结构和消费结构升级、环境保护和生态建设、社会事业发展，蕴藏着巨大的需求和增长潜力，它将有力支撑中国经济在较长时间内继续保持较高速度增长。信心来自中国经济发展的优势没有改变。经过30年改革开放，我们建立了良好的物质、技术和体制基础。

We are in an important period of strategic opportunities and in the process of fast industrialization and urbanization.Infrastructure construction, upgrading of industrial and consumption structures, environmental protection and conservation projects, and various social development programs--all can be translated into huge demand and growth potential and will bolster relatively high-speed growth of our economy for a long time to come.Our confidence also comes from the fact that the advantages contributing to China's economic growth remain unchanged.With 30 years' of reform and opening-up, we have laid a good material, technological and institutional foundation.劳动力资源丰富、素质较高、成本较低；国家财政收支状况良好，金融体系稳健，社会资金充裕；我们有集中力量办大事的制度优势、和谐安定的社会环境。更为重要的是，我们树立了以人为本、全面协调可持续发展的科学发展理念，始终坚持改革开放，始终奉行互利共赢的开放战略，找到了一条符合中国国情、顺应时代潮流的正确发展道路；我们的人民拥有坚韧不拔、自强不息、百折不挠的精神与意志，正是这些优秀品质，使历史悠久的中国在逆境中焕发更加强劲的生命力。

We have a large well-trained and relatively low-cost labor force.We have a healthy fiscal balance, a sound financial system and adequate funds.Our system enables us to mobilize the necessary resources for big undertakings.There is harmony and stability in our society.What is more important, we follow a scientific approach to development which puts people first and seeks comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development.We are committed to reform, opening-up and win-win progress.We have found the right development path in line with China's national conditions and the trend of our times.Our people are hard-working, persevering and resilient.It is precisely these fine qualities that endow China, a country with a time-honored history, with greater vitality in the face of adversities.同时，中国经济发展的外部环境没有根本改变，求和平、谋发展、促合作是当今世界发展不可阻挡的潮流，国际分工格局调整中蕴藏着新的机遇。我们完全有信心、有条件、有能力继续保持经济平稳较快发展，继续为世界经济发展做出积极贡献。

At the same time, there is no fundamental change in the external environment for China's economic growth.The pursuit of peace, development and cooperation is the irreversible trend in today's world.The readjustment to the international division of labor offers new opportunities.We have the confidence, conditions and ability to maintain steady and fast economic growth and continue to contribute to world economic growth.女士们，先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen, 国际金融危机是一场全球性的挑战，战胜这场危机要靠信心、合作和责任。坚定信心是战胜危机的力量源泉。信念的力量，远比想象的更为强大。国际社会和各国的当务之急，是继续采取一切必要的措施，尽快恢复市场信心。在经济困难面前，各国对世界经济发展的前景有信心，国家领导人和各国人民对自己的国家有信心，企业对投资有信心，个人对消费有信心，比什么都重要。务实合作是战胜危机的有效途径。在经济全球化条件下，大家的命运已紧紧联系在一起，谁也离不开谁。金融危机检验着国际社会加强合作的诚意和水平，考验着我们的智慧。只有加强合作，携手努力，同舟共济，才能有效应对危机。承担责任是战胜危机不可或缺的重要基础。各国政府坚定、勇敢、负责地承担起责任，对于稳定金融秩序、防止危机对实体经济影响加深，十分重要。政治家要有远见卓识，既要对自己的国家和人民负责，也要对国际社会负责。当前，应当抓紧落实20国集团领导人金融市场和世界经济峰会以来达成的广泛共识，不仅要采取更加积极有效的措施渡过当前难关，而且要努力推动建立公正、合理、健康、稳定的世界经济新秩序。为此，我提出以下意见。

The global financial crisis is a challenge for the whole world.Confidence, cooperation and responsibility are key to overcoming the crisis.Confidence is the source of strength.The power of confidence is far greater than what can be imagined.The pressing task for the international community and individual countries is to take further measures to restore market confidence as soon as possible.In times of economic hardships, confidence of all countries in the prospect of global economic development, confidence of leaders and people around the world in their countries, confidence of enterprises in investment and confidence of individuals in consumption are more important than anything else.In tackling the crisis, practical cooperation is the effective way.In a world of economic globalization, countries are tied together in their destinies and can hardly be separated from one another.The financial crisis is a test of the readiness of the international community to enhance cooperation, and a test of our wisdom.Only with closer cooperation and mutual help, can we successfully manage the crisis.To prevail over the crisis, accepting responsibilities is the prerequisite.When governments fulfill their responsibilities with resolution and courage, they can help maintain a stable financial order and prevent the crisis from causing more serious damage on the real economy.Political leaders must be forward-looking.They should be responsible to the entire international community as well as to their own countries and people.It is imperative that we implement the broad agreement reached since the G20 Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy.We should not only take more forceful and effective steps to tide over the current difficulties, but also push for the establishment of a new world economic order that is just, equitable, sound and stable.To this end, I would like to share with you the following ideas.一是深化国际经贸合作，推进多边贸易体制健康发展。历史经验告诉我们，越是危机关头越要坚持开放与合作。贸易保护主义不仅会加大危机的严重程度，还会使危机持续更长时间，是损人不利己的行为。要积极推进贸易投资自由化便利化。中国坚定地支持推动多哈回合谈判早日达成平衡的结果，建立公平、开放的多边贸易体制。作为多边贸易体制的重要补充，积极推进区域经济一体化进程。

First, deepen international economic cooperation and promote a sound multilateral trading regime.Past experience shows that in crisis it is all the more important to stick to a policy of opening-up and cooperation.Trade protectionism serves no purpose as it will only worsen and prolong the crisis.It is therefore necessary to move forward trade and investment liberalization and facilitation.China firmly supports efforts to reach balanced results of the Doha Round negotiations at an early date and the establishment of a fair and open multilateral trading regime.As an important supplement to such a trading regime, regional economic integration should be vigorously promoted.二是推动国际金融体系改革，加快建立国际金融新秩序。这场危机充分暴露了现有国际金融体系和治理结构的缺陷。要加快主要国际金融组织治理结构改革，建立合理的全球金融救助机制，增强履行职责的能力。增加发展中国家在国际金融组织中的发言权和代表性，积极发挥其在维护国际和地区金融稳定等方面的作用。鼓励区域货币金融合作，充分发挥地区资金救助机制作用。稳步推进国际货币体系多元化。

Second, advance the reform of the international financial system and accelerate the establishment of a new international financial order.The current crisis has fully exposed the deficiencies in the existing international financial system and its governance structure.It is important to speed up reform of the governance structures of major international financial institutions, establish a sound global financial rescue mechanism, and enhance capacity in fulfilling responsibilities.Developing countries should have greater say and representation in international financial institutions and their role in maintaining international and regional financial stability should be brought into full play.We should encourage regional monetary and financial cooperation, make good use of regional liquidity assistance mechanisms, and steadily move the international monetary system toward greater diversification.三是加强国际金融监管合作，防范金融风险积聚和扩散。各国金融当局应加强信息交流与沟通，加大对全球资本流动的监测力度，防范金融风险跨境传递。扩大国际金融体系监管的覆盖面，特别要增强对主要储备货币国家的监督，建立及时高效的危机早期预警系统。制定合理有效的金融监管标准，完善会计准则、资本充足要求等各类监督制度。加强对金融机构和中介组织的监管，增强金融市场和各类金融产品透明度。

Third, strengthen international cooperation in financial supervision and regulation and guard against the build-up and spread of financial risks.Financial authorities around the world should step up information sharing and the monitoring of global capital flows to avoid the cross-border transmission of financial risks.We should expand the regulation coverage of the international financial system, with particular emphasis on strengthening the supervision on major reserve currency countries.We should put in place a timely and efficient early warning system against crisis.We should introduce reasonable and effective financial regulatory standards and improve oversight mechanisms in such areas as accounting standards and capital adequacy requirements.We should tighten regulation of financial institutions and intermediaries and enhance transparency of financial markets and products.四是切实保护发展中国家利益，促进世界经济共同发展。国际社会特别是发达国家要承担应尽的责任和义务，尽量减少国际金融危机对发展中国家造成的损害，帮助发展中国家保持金融稳定和经济增长。国际金融组织应该通过放宽贷款条件等措施，及时救助有需要的发展中国家。积极推进国际减贫进程，特别要加大对最不发达国家和地区的援助力度，增强他们的自我发展能力。

Fourth, effectively protect the interests of developing countries and promote economic development of the whole world.The international community, developed countries in particular, should assume due responsibilities and obligations to minimize the damage caused by the international financial crisis on developing countries and help them maintain financial stability and economic growth.International financial institutions should act promptly to assist those developing countries in need through such measures as relaxing lending conditions.We should advance the international poverty reduction process and scale up assistance to the least developed countries and regions in particular with a view to building up their capacity for independent development.五是协同应对全球性问题挑战，建设人类共有的美好家园。面对气候变暖、环境恶化、疫病和自然灾害、能源资源和粮食安全、恐怖主义蔓延等关系人类生存和发展的问题，任何国家都无法置身事外，也难以单独应对，国际社会必须加强合作，共同应对这些挑战。

Fifth, jointly tackle global challenges and build a better home for mankind.Issues such as climate change, environmental degradation, diseases, natural disasters, energy, resources and food security as well as the spread of terrorism bear on the very survival and development of mankind.No country can be insulated from these challenges or meet them on its own.The international community should intensify cooperation and respond to these challenges together.这里，我再次重申，中国将始终不渝地谋求和平的发展、开放的发展、合作的发展。中国愿意继续与国际社会一道，积极维护国际金融稳定、促进世界经济发展，积极应对各种全球性风险和挑战，为实现世界的和谐与可持续发展贡献自己的力量！

I want to reaffirm here China's abiding commitment to peaceful, open and cooperative development.China is ready to work with other members of the international community to maintain international financial stability, promote world economic growth, tackle various global risks and challenges, and contribute its share to world harmony and sustainable development.女士们，先生们！严冬终将过去，春天就要来临。让我们坚定信心，加强合作，共同推动世界经济新一轮增长！

Ladies and Gentlemen, the harsh winter will be gone and spring is around the corner.Let us strengthen confidence and work closely together to bring about a new round of world economic growth.谢谢大家！

Thank you.用发展的眼光看中国

See China in the Light of Her Development

━━在剑桥大学的演讲

Speech at the University of Cambridge

中华人民共和国国务院总理 温家宝 2009年2月2日

Wen Jiabao Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of

China, 2 February 2009

尊敬的理查德校长，女士们，先生们：

Vice Chancellor Alison Richard, Ladies and Gentlemen, 来到向往已久的剑桥大学，非常高兴。剑桥举世闻名，培养出牛顿、达尔文、培根等许多杰出的科学家、思想家，为人类文明进步作出了重要贡献。今年是剑桥建校800周年，我谨致以热烈祝贺！

It gives me great pleasure to come to Cambridge, a world-renowned university that I have long wanted to visit.Cambridge has produced many great scientists and thinkers Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin and Francis Bacon, to name but a few, and made important contribution to the progress of human civilization.This year marks the 800th anniversary of the university.Please accept my warm congratulations.这是我第四次访问英国。中英相距遥远，但两国人民的友好交往不断增多。香港问题的圆满解决，经贸、文教、科技等领域的有效合作，为发展中英全面战略伙伴关系奠定了坚实基础。在此，我向长期致力于中英友好的朋友们表示崇高的敬意！

This is my fourth visit to your country.Despite the great distance between China and Britain, the friendly exchanges between our peoples have been on the rise.The successful resolution of the question of Hong Kong and fruitful cooperation between our two countries in areas such as economy, trade, culture, education, science and technology have cemented the foundation of our comprehensive strategic partnership.Here, I wish to pay high tribute to all those who have been working tirelessly to promote friendly ties between our two countries.今天，我演讲的题目是：用发展的眼光看中国。

The title of my speech today is “See China in the Light of Her Development”.我深深爱着的祖国——古老而又年轻。

My beloved motherland is a country both old and young.说她古老，她是一个有着数千年文明史的东方大国。中华民族以自己的勤劳和智慧，创造了灿烂的古代文明，对人类发展作出过重大贡献。

She is old, because she is a big Oriental country with a civilization stretching back several thousand years.With diligence and wisdom, the Chinese nation created a splendid civilization and made significant contributions to the progress of humanity.说她年轻，新中国成立才60年，改革开放才30年。中国人民经过长期不懈的斗争建立了新中国，又经过艰苦的探索，终于找到了适合国情的发展道路——中国特色社会主义道路，文明古国焕发了青春活力。

She is young, because the People's Republic is just 60 years old, and the country began reform and opening-up only 30 years ago.The Chinese people established the New China after unremitting struggles and ultimately found a development path suited to China's national conditions through painstaking efforts.This is the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Following this path, our ancient civilization has been rejuvenated.中国改革开放，最重要的是解放思想，最根本、最具有长远意义的是体制创新。我们推进经济体制改革，建立了社会主义市场经济体制。在政府的宏观调控下，充分发挥市场对资源配置的基础性作用。我们深化政治体制改革，把发展民主和完善法制结合起来，实行人民当家作主，依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家。

The key element of China's reform and opening-up is to free people's mind and the most fundamental and significant component is institutional innovation.Through economic reform, we have built a socialist market economy, where the market plays a primary role in allocating resources under government macro-regulation.We have carried out political reform, promoted democracy and improved the legal system.People are the masters of the country.We run the country according to law and endeavor to build a socialist country under the rule of law.改革开放的实质，就是坚持以人为本，通过解放和发展生产力满足人们日益增长的物质文化需求，在公正的条件下促进人的全面发展；就是保障人民的民主权利，让国家政通人和、兴旺发达；就是维护人的尊严和自由，让每个人的智慧和力量得以迸发，成功地追求自己的幸福生活。

The essence of China's reform and opening-up is to put people first and meet their ever growing material and cultural needs through releasing and developing productive forces.It aims to give everyone equal opportunities for all-round development.It aims to protect the democratic rights of the people and promote stability, harmony and prosperity across the land.And it aims to safeguard the dignity and freedom of everyone so that he or she may pursue happiness with ingenuity and hard work.30年来，中国贫困人口减少了2亿多，人均寿命提高了5岁，8300万残疾人得到政府和社会的特殊关爱，这是中国保障人权的光辉业绩。九年免费义务教育的推行，农村合作医疗制度的建立，社会保障体系的完善，使学有所教、病有所医、老有所养的理想，正在变为现实。Over the past three decades, more than 200 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty, the average life expectancy has increased by 5 years, and the 83 million people with disabilities in China have received special care from the government and the society.All this points to the tremendous efforts China has made to protect human rights.We have introduced free nine-year compulsory education throughout the country, established the cooperative medical system in the rural areas and improved the social safety net.The age-old dream of the Chinese nation is being turned into reality a dream to see the young educated, the sick treated and the old cared for.我愿借用两句唐诗形容中国的现状：“潮平两岸阔，风正一帆悬。”中国人正在努力实现现代化，这是一个古而又新的发展中大国进行的一场伟大实践。掌握了自己命运的中国人民，对未来充满信心！

I want to quote from a Tang Dynasty poem to describe what is happening in China, “From shore to shore it is wide at high tide, and before fair wind a sail is lifting.” The Chinese people are working hard to modernize their country.This is a great practice in a large developing country both ancient and new.The Chinese people, with destiny in their own hands, are full of confidence in their future.我深深爱着的祖国——历经磨难而又自强不息。

My beloved motherland is a country that stood numerous vicissitudes but never gave up.我年轻时曾长期工作在中国的西北地区。在那浩瀚的沙漠中，生长着一种稀有的树种，叫胡杨。它扎根地下50多米，抗干旱、斗风沙、耐盐碱，生命力极其顽强。它“生而一千年不死，死而一千年不倒，倒而一千年不朽”，世人称为英雄树。我非常喜欢胡杨，它是中华民族坚韧不拔精神的象征。

Earlier in my career, I worked in northwest China for many years.There, in the boundless desert, grows a rare variety of tree called euphrates poplar.Rooted over 50 meters down the ground, they thrive in hostile environments, defying droughts, sandstorms and salinization.They are known as the “hero tree”, because a euphrates poplar can live for a thousand years.Even after it dies, it stands upright for a thousand years, and even after it falls, it stays intact for another thousand years.I like euphrates poplar because they symbolize the resilience of the Chinese nation.千百年来，中华民族一次次战胜了天灾人祸，渡过了急流险滩，昂首挺胸地走到今天。深重的灾难，铸就了她百折不挠、自强不息的品格。中华民族的历史证明了一个真理：一个民族在灾难中失去的，必将从民族的进步中得到补偿。

Over the millennia, the Chinese nation has weathered numerous disasters, both natural and man-made, surmounted all kinds of difficulties and challenges, and made her way to where she proudly stands today.The long sufferings have only made her a nation of fortitude and perseverance.The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth: what a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress.此时此刻，我不禁想起在汶川地震灾区的亲身经历。去年5月，四川汶川发生震惊世界的特大地震，北川中学被夷为平地，孩子伤亡惨重。可是，时隔10天，当我第二次来到这里时，乡亲们已在废墟上搭起了板房教室，校园里又回荡着孩子们朗朗的读书声。当时我在黑板上，给同学们写下了“多难兴邦”几个字。地震发生以来，我7次到汶川灾区，碰到这样感人的事迹不胜枚举。我为我们中华民族这种愈挫愈奋的精神深深感动。这种伟大的精神，正是我们的民族饱经忧患而愈益坚强、生生不息的力量源泉。

I am reminded of the experience that I had in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province after the devastating earthquake there last May.That earthquake shocked the whole world.It flattened Beichuan Middle School and claimed many young lives.But only 10 days after the earthquake, when I went there for the second time, I had before my eyes new classrooms built on debris by local villagers with planks.Once again, the campus echoed with the sound of students reading aloud.I wrote down 4 Chinese characters on the blackboard, meaning “A country will emerge stronger from adversities.” I have been to Wenchuan seven times since the earthquake and witnessed countless touching scenes like this.I am deeply moved by the unyielding spirit of my people.This great national spirit is the source of strength which has enabled the Chinese nation to emerge from all the hardships stronger than before.经过半个多世纪的艰苦奋斗，中国有了比较大的发展，经济总量跃居世界前列，但我们仍然是一个发展中国家，同发达国家相比还有很大的差距。人口多，底子薄，发展不平衡，这种基本国情还没有从根本上得到改变。中国的人均GDP水平，排在世界100位之后，仅为英国的1/16左右。到过中国旅游的朋友，你们所看到的城市是现代的，而我们的农村还比较落后。

With hard work over the past half century and more, China has achieved great progress.Its total economic output is now one of the largest in the world.However, we remain a developing country and we are keenly aware of the big gap that we have with the developed countries.There has been no fundamental change in our basic national condition: a big population, weak economic foundation and uneven development.China's per capita GDP ranks behind 100 countries in the world and is only about 1/18 that of Britain.Those of you who have been to China as tourists must have seen the modern cities, but our rural areas are still quite backward.到本世纪中叶，中国要基本实现现代化，面临三大历史任务：既要努力实现欧洲早已完成的工业化，又要追赶新科技革命的浪潮；既要不断提高经济发展水平，又要实现社会公平正义；既要实现国内的可持续发展，又要承担相应的国际责任。中国要赶上发达国家水平，还有很长很长的路要走，还会遇到许多艰难险阻。但是，任何困难都阻挡不住中国人民前进的步伐，只要我们坚持不懈地努力奋斗，中国现代化的目标就一定能够实现。

To basically achieve modernization by the middle of this century, we must accomplish three major tasks: first, achieve industrialization, which Europe has long completed, while keeping abreast of the latest trends of the scientific and technological revolution;second, promote economic growth while ensuring social equity and justice;and third, pursue sustainable development at home while accepting our share of international responsibilities.The journey ahead will be long and arduous, but no amount of difficulty will stop the Chinese people from marching forward.Through persistent efforts, we will reach our goal.我深深爱着的祖国——珍视传统而又开放兼容。

My beloved motherland is a country that values her traditions while opening her arms to the outside world.中华传统文化底蕴深厚、博大精深。“和”在中国古代历史上被奉为最高价值，是中华文化的精髓。中国古老的经典——《尚书》就提出“百姓昭明，协和万邦”的理想，主张人民和睦相处，国家友好往来。

The traditional Chinese culture is rich, extensive and profound.Harmony, the supreme value cherished in ancient China, lies at the heart of the Chinese culture.The Book of History, an ancient classic in China for example, advocates amity among people and friendly exchanges among nations.“和为贵”的文化传统，哺育了中华民族宽广博大的胸怀。我们的民族，既能像大地承载万物一样，宽厚包容；又能像苍天刚健运行一样，彰显正义。

The Chinese cultural tradition values peace as the most precious.This has nurtured the broad mind of the Chinese nation.The Chinese nation is generous and tolerant, just as Mother Earth cares for all living things.She is in constant pursuit of justice, just as the eternal movement of the Universe.15世纪，中国着名航海家郑和七下西洋，到过三十几个国家。他带去了中国的茶叶、丝绸、瓷器，还帮助沿途有的国家剿灭海盗，真正做到了播仁爱于友邦。

In the 15th century, the famous Chinese navigator Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions to the Western Seas and reached over 30countries.He took with him Chinese tea, silk and porcelain and helped local people fight pirates as he sailed along.He was truly a messenger of love and friendship.国强必霸，不适合中国。称霸，既有悖于我们的文化传统，也违背中国人民意志。中国的发展不损害任何人，也不威胁任何人。中国要做和平的大国、学习的大国、合作的大国，致力于建设一个和谐的世界。

The argument that a big power is bound to seek hegemony does not apply to China.Seeking hegemony goes against China's cultural tradition as well as the will of the Chinese people.China's development harms no one and threatens no one.We shall be a peace-loving country, a country that is eager to learn from and cooperate with others.We are committed to building a harmonious world.不同国家、不同民族的文化，需要相互尊重、相互包容和相互学习。今天的中国，有3亿人在学英语，有100多万青年人在国外留学。我们的电视、广播、出版等新闻传媒，天天都在介绍世界各地的文化艺术。正因为我们善于在交流中学习，在借鉴中收获，才有今天中国的繁荣和进步。

Different countries and nations need to respect, tolerate and learn from each other's culture.Today, 300 million Chinese are learning English and over one million of our young people are studying abroad.The cultures and arts of various parts of the world are featured daily on China's television, radio and print media.Had we not learned from others through exchanges and enriched ourselves by drawing on others' experience, we would not have enjoyed today's prosperity and progress.进入21世纪，经济全球化、信息网络化，已经把世界连成一体，文化的发展将不再是各自封闭的，而是在相互影响中多元共存。一个国家、一个民族对人类文化贡献的大小，越来越取决于她吸收外来文化的能力和自我更新的能力。中国将永远坚持开放兼容的方针，既珍视传统，又博采众长，用文明的方式、和谐的方式实现经济繁荣和社会进步。

In the 21st century, economic globalization and the information network have linked us all together.Different cultures live together and influence each other.No culture can flourish in isolation.How much a country or a nation contributes to the culture of humanity is increasingly determined by her ability to absorb foreign cultures and renew herself.That is why China will remain open and receptive, value her own traditions while drawing on others' successful experience, and achieve economic prosperity and social progress in a civilized and harmonious way.女士们，先生们！Ladies and Gentlemen, 我之所以强调用发展的眼光看中国，就是因为世界在变，中国也在变。如今的中国，早已不是一百年前封闭落后的旧中国，也不是30年前贫穷僵化的中国。经过改革开放，中国的面貌已焕然一新。北京奥运会向世界展示的，就是这样一个古老、多彩和现代的中国。我希望朋友们，多到中国走一走、看一看，了解今天的中国人究竟在想什么、做什么、关心什么。这样，有助于你们认识一个真实的、不断发展变化着的中国，也有助于你们了解中国是如何应对当前这场全球性金融危机的。

I stress the importance of seeing China in the light of her development, because the world is changing and China is changing.China is no longer the closed and backward society it was 100 years ago, or the poor and ossified society 30 years ago.Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has taken on a new look.What the Beijing Olympic Games showcased is a colorful China, both ancient and modern.I therefore encourage you to visit China more often and see more places there.This way, you will better understand what the Chinese people are thinking and doing, and what they are interested in.You will get to know the true China, a country constantly developing and changing.You will also better appreciate how China has been tackling the ongoing global financial crisis.在这场前所未有的世界金融危机中，中国和包括英国在内的欧洲都受到严重冲击。现在危机尚未见底，由此可能带来的各种严重后果还难以预料。合作应对、共渡难关，是我们的首要任务。

This unprecedented financial crisis has inflicted a severe impact on both China and Britain as well as other European countries.The crisis has not yet hit the bottom, and it is hard to predict what further damage it may cause.To work together and tide over the difficulties has become our top priority.我认为，应对全球性危机，需要增进合作。有多大程度的相互信任，就可能有多大程度的合作。中国政府主张：第一，要首先办好各国自己的事情，不把麻烦推给别人；第二，要精诚合作，不搞以邻为壑；第三，要标本兼治，不能头疼医头、脚疼医脚。我在达沃斯会议上已重申，应该对国际货币金融体系进行必要的改革，建立公平、公正、包容、有序的国际金融新秩序，努力营造有利于全球经济发展的制度环境。

I believe that closer cooperation is needed to meet the global crisis, and the level of cooperation hinges upon the level of mutual trust.The Chinese Government maintains that countries should: first and foremost, run their own affairs well and refrain from shifting troubles onto others;second, carry out cooperation with full sincerity and avoid pursuing one's own interests at the expense of others;and third, address both the symptoms and the root cause of the problem.A palliative approach will not work.We should not treat only the head when the head aches, and the foot when the foot hurts.As I reiterated at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, necessary reform of the international monetary and financial systems should be carried out to establish a new international financial order that is fair, equitable, inclusive and well-managed.We should create an institutional environment conducive to global economic growth.这里我想谈一谈中国是如何应对这场金融危机的。

Let me talk briefly about how China has been responding to the crisis.金融危机对中国实体经济的影响日益显现。从去年第三季度以来，出口大幅下滑，经济增速放缓，就业压力加大。中国经济面临着严峻的局面。面对危机，我们果断决策，及时调整宏观经济政策取向，迅速出台扩大国内需求的十项措施，陆续制定了一系列政策，形成了系统完整的促进经济平稳较快发展的一揽子计划。主要包括以下几个方面：

The fallout of the financial crisis on China's real economy is becoming more evident.Since the third quarter of last year, our exports have declined sharply, economic growth has slowed down, and the pressure on employment has been rising.In the face of the grim situation, we have acted decisively.We have made timely adjustment to the direction of our macroeconomic policy, promptly introduced ten measures to expand domestic demand, and formulated a series of related policies.Together, they make up a systematic and comprehensive package plan aimed at promoting steady and relatively fast economic growth.Its main contents are: 一是大规模增加政府支出扩大内需。中国政府推出了以财政支出带动社会投资，总额达4万亿元的两年计划，规模相当于2007年中国ＧＤＰ的16%。主要投向保障性安居工程、农村民生工程、铁路交通等基础设施、社会事业、生态环保建设和地震灾后恢复重建。中国政府还推出了大规模的减税计划，一年可减轻企业和居民负担约5000亿元。我们还大幅度降息和增加银行体系流动性，出台了一系列金融措施。

First, substantially increase government spending to boost domestic demand.The Chinese Government has announced a two-year investment program that will generate, through fiscal spending, a total investment of RMB 4 trillion nationwide, equivalent to 16% of China's GDP in 2007.The money will mainly go into government-subsidized housing, projects related to the well-being of rural residents, the construction of railway and other infrastructural projects, social development programs, environmental protection and post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction.The Chinese Government has introduced a massive tax-cut program, which will reduce the tax burdens on businesses and individuals by about RMB 500 billion each year.We have also cut interest rates by a large margin, increased liquidity in the banking system and adopted a range of financial measures.二是大范围实施产业调整振兴计划。我们全面推进产业结构调整和优化升级，制定汽车、钢铁等十个重点产业的调整和振兴规划。我们采取经济和技术的措施，大力推进节能减排，推进企业兼并重组，提高产业集中度和资源配置效率。我们鼓励和支持企业广泛应用新技术、新工艺、新设备、新材料，开发适销对路产品。

Second, implement a large-scale industrial restructuring and rejuvenation program.We are pushing forward industrial restructuring and upgrading across the board and formulating plans for the restructuring and revitalization of ten key industries, including automobiles and iron and steel.We will take economic and technological measures to boost energy conservation and reduce emissions, and promote merger and reorganization of enterprises to raise the level of industry concentration and the efficiency of resource allocation.We encourage and support the extensive application of new technologies, techniques, equipment and materials and the development of marketable products by enterprises.三是大力推进科技进步和创新。科技是克服金融危机的根本力量。每一场大的危机常常伴随一场新的科技革命；每一次经济的复苏，都离不开技术创新。我们加快实施国家中长期科学和技术发展规划，特别是核心电子器件、核能开发利用、高档数控机床等16个重大专项，突破一批核心技术和关键共性技术，为中国经济在更高水平上实现可持续发展提供科技支撑。推动发展高新技术产业群，培育新的经济增长点。我们就是要依靠科学技术的重大突破，创造新的社会需求，催生新一轮的经济繁荣。

Third, make energetic efforts for progress and innovation in science and technology.Science and technology are of fundamental importance in overcoming the financial crisis.A major crisis is usually followed by a revolution in science and technology, and no economic recovery is possible without technological innovation.We are stepping up the implementation of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development, with special emphasis on 16 major projects including core electronic devices, development and use of nuclear energy and advanced numerically controlled machine tools.We will strive to make breakthroughs in a host of core technologies and key generic technologies to support sustainable economic growth at a higher level.We will promote the development of high-tech industrial clusters and cultivate new economic growth areas.All in all, we will rely on major breakthroughs in science and technology to foster new social demand and bring about a new round of economic boom.四是大幅度提高社会保障水平。继续提高企业退休人员基本养老金，提高失业保险金和工伤保险金标准，提高城乡低保、农村五保等保障水平。积极推进医药卫生体制改革，力争用三年时间基本建成覆盖全国城乡的基本医疗卫生制度，初步实现人人享有基本医疗卫生服务。我们坚持优先发展教育，正在制定《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》。我们实施更加积极的就业政策，重点解决高校毕业生和农民工就业问题。开辟就业岗位，缓解就业压力。我们采取这些措施，把扩大国内需求、调整振兴产业、加强科技支撑、强化社会保障结合起来，把拉动经济增长和改善民生、增加就业结合起来，把克服当前困难和促进长远发展结合起来。这样做，有利于中国的发展，也将给包括英国在内的世界各国企业带来巨大的商机。Fourth, significantly raise the level of social security.We will continue to increase basic pension for enterprise retirees and upgrade the standard of unemployment insurance and workers' compensation.We will raise the level of basic cost of living allowances in both urban and rural areas and welfare allowances for those rural residents without family support.We are advancing the reform of the medical and health system and working to put in place a nationwide basic medical and health system covering both urban and rural areas within three years and achieve the goal of everyone having access to basic medical and health service.We give priority to education and are now working on the Guidelines of the National Program for Medium-and Long-Term Educational Reform and Development.We are following a more active employment policy with special emphasis on helping college graduates and migrant workers find jobs.We are endeavoring to create more jobs and lessen the impact of the financial crisis on employment.The aforementioned measures will help us boost domestic demand, readjust and reinvigorate industries, enhance the support of science and technology and strengthen social security all at the same time.They will stimulate consumption through increased investment, drive economic growth while improving people's livelihood and creating more jobs, and see us through current difficulties while also improving the long-term prospect of the Chinese economy.They will not only benefit China's development, but also bring enormous business opportunities to other countries, Britain included.这场百年一遇的金融危机，留给世人的思考是沉重的。它警示人们，对现行的经济体制和经济理论，应该进行深刻的反思。

This once-in-a-century financial crisis is truly thought-provoking.It reminds us of the need to have serious reflections on the existing economic systems and theories.中国曾长期实行高度集中的计划经济，把计划看成是绝对的，束缚了生产力的发展。这场金融危机使我们看到，市场也不是万能的，一味放任自由，势必引起经济秩序的混乱和社会分配的不公，最终受到惩罚。真正的市场化改革，决不会把市场机制与国家宏观调控对立起来。既要发挥市场这只看不见的手的作用，又要发挥政府和社会监管这只看得见的手的作用。两手都要硬，两手同时发挥作用，才能实现按照市场规律配置资源，也才能使资源配置合理、协调、平衡、可持续。

For many years in the past, China practiced a highly centralized planned economy and regarded planning as being absolute.This hampered the development of productivity.The ongoing financial crisis has made it clear to us, however, that the market is not a cure-all, either.A totally laissez-faire approach will inevitably lead to economic disorder and unfair social distribution, and will eventually take its toll.A credible market-oriented reform should never set the market against government macro-regulation.The invisible hand of the market and the visible hand of government and social supervision should both act, and act vigorously.Only in this way can resources be distributed according to market rules and distributed in a reasonable, coordinated, balanced and sustainable manner.国际金融危机再次告诉人们，不受监管的市场经济是多么可怕。从上世纪90年代以来，一些经济体疏于监管，一些金融机构受利益驱动，利用数十倍的金融杠杆进行超额融资，在获取高额利润的同时，把巨大的风险留给整个世界。这充分说明，不受管理的市场经济是注定行不通的。因此，必须处理好金融创新与金融监管的关系、虚拟经济与实体经济的关系、储蓄与消费的关系。

The international financial crisis once again shows how dangerous a market economy without regulation can be.Since the 1990s, some profit-driven financial institutions in economies lacking effective regulation have raised massive capital with a leverage of dozens of times.While they reaped huge profits, the world was exposed to enormous risks.This fully demonstrates that a totally unregulated market economy cannot work.We must strike a balance between financial innovation and regulation, between the financial sector and real economy, and between savings and consumption.有效应对这场危机，还必须高度重视道德的作用。道德是世界上最伟大的，道德的光芒甚至比阳光还要灿烂。真正的经济学理论，决不会同最高的伦理道德准则产生冲突。经济学说应该代表公正和诚信，平等地促进所有人，包括最弱势人群的福祉。被誉为现代经济学之父的亚当·斯密在《道德情操论》中指出：“如果一个社会的经济发展成果不能真正分流到大众手中，那么它在道义上将是不得人心的，而且是有风险的，因为它注定要威胁社会稳定。”道德缺失是导致这次金融危机的一个深层次原因。一些人见利忘义，损害公众利益，丧失了道德底线。我们应该倡导：企业要承担社会责任，企业家身上要流淌着道德的血液。

To effectively meet the crisis, we must fully recognize the role of morality.Nothing is greater than morality.It shines even more brightly than the sun.True economic theories will never come into conflict with the highest moral and ethical standards.Instead, they should stand for justice and integrity, and contribute in an equal way to the well-being of all people, including the most vulnerable ones.Adam Smith, known as the father of modern economics, held the view in The Theory of Moral Sentiments that if the fruits of a society's economic development cannot be shared by all, it is morally unsound and risky, as it is bound to jeopardize social stability.The loss of morality is an underlying cause for the current crisis.Some people have sacrificed principle and sought profits at the expense of public interests.They have crossed the moral baseline.We should call on all enterprises to take up their social responsibilities.Within the body of every businessman should flow the blood of morality.女士们，先生们！Ladies and Gentlemen, 英国是我这次欧洲之行的最后一站。这次访问，加深了我对欧洲的了解。中欧合作已经站在一个新的历史起点上。我对中欧发展全面战略伙伴关系更加充满信心。我们之间不存在历史遗留问题，也不存在根本利害冲突。中欧合作基础坚实，前景光明。英国是最早进入现代化的国家，你们在发展经济、保护环境等方面，都有许多成功的经验。我们愿意向你们学习，加强交流与合作。

Britain is the last leg of my European trip.I have gained a deeper understanding of Europe through this visit.China-EU cooperation is now standing at a new historical starting point and I am all the more confident about the China-EU comprehensive strategic partnership.There are no outstanding issues left over from history or conflict of fundamental interests between the two sides.What we have is a solid foundation and a bright future for cooperation.As the first industrialized country, Britain has accumulated rich experience in economic development and environmental protection.We hope to learn from your experience and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with you.未来属于青年一代。中英关系的美好前景要靠青年去开拓。抚今追昔，我想起对中英文化交流作出重要贡献的剑桥校友李约瑟博士。他的鸿篇巨着《中国科学技术史》，在东西方两大文明之间架起了一座桥梁。继承传统、勇于创新，是剑桥大学的优秀品格。希望更多的剑桥人关注中国，用发展的眼光看中国，做中英交流的友好使者。我相信，只要中英两国青年相互学习，携手共进，一定会谱写出中英关系的崭新篇章。

The future belongs to the younger generation.It is incumbent upon you to build an even more splendid future of China-Britain relations.Here and now, I cannot but mention Dr.Joseph Needham, a Cambridge alumnus who made important contribution to cultural exchanges between China and Britain.With his monumental masterpiece, Science and Civilization in China, he built a bridge between the two great civilizations of East and West.To honor tradition and innovation is the outstanding character of Cambridge.I hope more of you will turn your eyes to China, see my country in the light of her development, and act as ambassadors of China-Britain friendship.I believe that as long as you, the young people of China and Britain learn from each other and strive for progress hand in hand, you will add a brilliant new chapter to the annals of our relations.谢谢大家！Thank you!温家宝在第63届联大一般性辩论上发言

Mr President, 主席先生：

For China, this has been a special year.We experienced two major events.One was the devastating earthquake in Wenchuan, which causes grave losses of life and property.In the face of the disaster, the Chinese people showed great strength, courage, solidarity and resilience.By now, the people affected by the earthquake have been properly relocated and recovery and reconstruction work is well underway.The other was the successful hosting of the Beijing Olympic Games.Thisgrand sporting event provided a good opportunity for athletes from around the world to show true sportsmanship.It also enabled the world to learn more about China and China more about the world.In our fight against the earthquake disaster and our efforts to host the Games, we received understanding, support and assistance from the international community.I wish to take this opportunity to express sincere gratitude on behalf of the Chinese Government and people.今年，对于中国来说，是不平凡的一年。我们经历了两件大事：第一件事是汶川特大地震灾害造成了巨大的生命财产损失。中国人民在灾难面前表现了坚强、勇敢、团结和不屈不挠的精神。目前，受灾群众得到了妥善安置，恢复重建工作正在有条不紊地展开。第二件事是北京奥运会成功举办。这一体育盛会不仅为来自世界各地的运动员展示风采创造了良好的条件，而且让世界更多地了解中国，让中国更多地了解世界。在抗震救灾和举办奥运会的过程中，我们得到了国际社会的广泛理解、支持和帮助。在此，我代表中国政府和人民表示诚挚的感谢。

Now the whole world wants to know in what direction China is heading, both politically and economically, after the Beijing Olympic Games.Let me tell you in unequivocal terms that China will remain committed to the path of peaceful development, unswervingly pursue reform and opening-up, and continue to adhere toan independent foreign policy of peace.This is in the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the people of all other countries.It is also in keeping with the trend of the world.世界都在关注北京奥运会后中国政治经济走向。我可以明确地告诉大家，中国将继续坚定不移地走和平发展道路，继续坚持改革开放不动摇，继续贯彻独立自主的和平外交政策。这符合中国人民的根本利益，也符合世界人民的根本利益，顺应世界潮流。

The just concluded Olympic Games was held in China, the largest developing country in the world.The international community has highly commended the efforts made by the Chinese Government and people for the Games.And its success has greatly inspired the Chinese people and given them even more confidence and strength to achieve modernization of the country.At the same time, however, we are soberly aware that China is a country with 1.3 billion people.Though its total GDP is one of the highest in the world, it trails behind more than 100 countries in terms of per capita income.Development between urban and rural areas and among different regions in China is unbalanced.The rural areas, particularly those in western hina, are under developed.Tens of millions of Chinese lack adequate food and clothing.China is still a developing country, where productivity remains low and further development is constrained by the shortage of resources and energy and environmental consequences.Our socialist market economic system, democracy and the rule of law need to be further improved, and certain outstanding social issues are yet to be resolved.To achieve China's modernization is a daunting task and we still have a long way to go.Both the opportunities and challenges, dedicated ourselves to nation-building and focus on development.This is what the Chinese Government and people have been thinking and doing.这次北京奥运会是在中国这样一个最大的发展中国家举行的。国际社会对中国政府和人民为此做出的努力给予了高度评价。奥运会的成功举办，使中国人民受到了极大的鼓舞，增强了实现现代化的信心和力量。同时，我们清醒地看到，中国有13亿人口，虽然经济总量已经位居世界前列，但人均收入水平仍排在世界100位之后，城乡发展和区域发展很不平衡，农村特别是西部地区农村还很落后，还有数以千万计的人口没有解决温饱。中国仍然是一个发展中国家，生产力不发达的状况没有根本改变，进一步发展还受到资源、能源、环境等瓶颈的制约。中国的社会主义市场经济体制还不完善，民主法制还不健全，一些社会问题还比较突出。中国实现现代化的任务还很繁重，道路还很漫长。摆在我们面前的机遇和挑战都是空前的。抓住机遇，迎接挑战，聚精会神搞建设，一心一意谋发展，这就是中国政府和中国人民的理念和行动。

People may ask: How does China achieve its development? The answer is through reform and opening-up.This year marks the 30th anniversary of China's reform and opening-up policy, a policy that fundamentally changed the closed, backward and ossified situation which had existed in China for years.It is a policy that freed people's mind and aroused their initiative, liberated the productive forces, generated great economic and social progress, and instilled vigor and vitality into the country.Without this policy, there would not have been such changes in China in the last 30 years.To achieve the goal of modernization and build a strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious country, we will stick to the reform and opening-up policy.It is a choice of vital importance to the development of China today.It is also a strategy that will shape China's future.We are firm in carrying this policy forward.The Chinese nation has all along cherished the fine tradition and benefited from the wisdom of being open to new ideas and drawing on the strengths of others.The Chinese people economic and political restructuring and reform in other fields can lead to sustained economic growth and social progress, and only continued opening-up in an all-round way can lead the country to greater national strength and prosperity.This is the conclusion we have drawn both from our practice and exploration and from historical experiences.中国发展靠什么？靠改革开放。今年是中国改革开放30周年。改革开放从根本上改变了中国长期封闭落后和沉闷僵化的状况，打破了束缚人们的思想桎梏，调动了亿万人民群众的积极性，大大解放了生产力，有力地推动了经济社会的大发展，给中国大地带来了蓬勃生机和活力。中国30年的变化，得益于改革开放。中国要实现富强民主文明和谐的现代化目标，仍然要靠改革开放。改革开放是决定当代中国命运的关键抉择，也是决定中国未来前途的战略方向。中国坚持改革开放的政策是坚定不移的。中华民族自古以来就有崇尚革新、兼收并蓄、博采众长的优秀传统和智慧。今天，中国人更从30年改革开放的切身经验中体会到，只有不断而深入地推进经济体制、政治体制等各项改革，才是经济发展和社会进步的永恒动力；只有全面而持久地扩大对外开放，才是国家富强和民族繁荣的正确道路。这不但是实践探索的结论，也是历史经验的总结。Mr.President, 主席先生： The world needs peace, for only with peace can there be development.China earnestly hopes to have a peaceful international environment in order to achieve its development goals.The Chinese Government is committed to an independent foreign policy of peace and stands ready to work with other countries to advance the noble cause of peace and progress of mankind.世界需要和平，和平才能发展。中国要实现自己的发展目标，渴望有一个和平的国际环境。中国政府坚定不移地奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，愿同各国加强合作，共同促进人类和平与发展的崇高事业。

Respect for sovereignty and non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries is the prerequisite for sound state-to-state relations.The Chinese people have learned from their modern history of humiliation that when a country loses sovereignty, its people lose dignity and status.China is firming in upholding its hard-won sovereignty and territorial integrity and will never tolerate any external interference.Following the principle of treating each other as equals, China also respects the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries as well as the independent choice of their people for social systems and development paths.尊重主权和互不干涉内政是国与国之间发展关系的前提。近代屈辱的历史使中国人民懂得，一个国家丧失主权，人民就没有尊严和地位。中国坚决捍卫来之不易的国家主权和领土完整，决不允许任何外来干涉。同时，中国坚持平等相待，尊重别国的主权和领土完整，尊重各国人民自主选择的社会制度和发展道路。

China is ready to develop friendly relations with all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit rather than on ideology or political system.In handling international affairs, we make our own judgment on the merit of each case and take our position in light of our national interests and the well being of theworld's people.We will neither blindly follow the position of others nor give way to the pressure of any forces.In international relations, China does not seek to build alliance or become a leader and will never do so in the future.中国愿意在平等互利基础上，同所有国家发展友好关系，不以意识形态和社会制度定亲疏。在国际事务中，我们依照事情本身的是非曲直独立作出判断，根据国家利益和世界人民的福祉决定自己的立场，不盲从，不屈服于任何势力。在国际关系中，中国不结盟，更不当头，而且永远不结盟、不当头。

Peaceful settlement of international disputes is a founding purpose of the United Nations and a basic principle of international law.China is committed to addressing issues left over from history and current differences with other countries through dialogue and negotiation.As a permanent member of the UN Security Council, China will continue to play an active and constructive role in promoting peaceful settlement of international hotspot issues and regional conflicts.和平解决国际争端是联合国的宗旨，也是国际法的基本原则。中国坚持以对话和协商的方式处理与其它国家的历史遗留问题和现实分歧。同时，作为联合国安理会常任理事国，中国将一如既往地为推动和平解决国际热点问题和地区冲突发挥积极的建设性作用。

China's development is peaceful in nature.It will not harm anyone or pose a threat to anyone.China does not seek hegemony now, nor will it do so in the future.China keeps and develops an appropriate level of military capability solely for the purpose of safeguarding China's sovereignty and territorial integrity.The confidence and pride of the Chinese nation today are based on China's economic development, social justice, civility of the people and moral trength.China will, through its own development, contribute to peace and development of the world.中国的发展是和平的发展，不会损害任何人，也不会威胁任何人。中国现在不称霸，将来也绝不称霸。中国保持和发展适当的军事力量，完全是为了维护国家主权和领土完整。当代中华民族的自信和荣光是建立在经济发展、社会公正、国民素质和道德力量的基础之上的。中国将以自身的发展促进世界的和平与发展。Mr.President, 主席先生：

In the long history of mankind, the destinies of countries have never been soclosely linked as they are today.Given the global nature of issues threatening the survival and development of mankind such as climate warming, environmental degradation, resources constraints, frequent outbreaks of diseases and natural disasters and the spread of terrorism, and in the face of the intertwining challenges of finance, energy and food, no country can expect to stay away fromthe difficulties or handle the problems all by itself.The ongoing financial volatility, in particular, has affected many countries and its impact is likely to become more serious.To tackle the challenge, we must all make concerted efforts.So long as people of all countries, especially their leaders, can do away with hostility, estrangement and prejudice, treat each other with sincerity and an openmind, and forge ahead hand in hand, mankind will overcome all difficulties and embrace a brighter and better future.China, as a responsible major developing country, is ready to work with other members of the international community to strengthen cooperation, share opportunities, meet challenges and contribute to the harmonious and sustainable development of the world.在人类漫长的发展史上，世界各国的命运从未像今天这样紧密相连，休戚与共。面对气候变暖、环境恶化、资源紧缺、疫病和自然灾害频发、恐怖主义蔓延等一系列威胁人类生存和发展的全球性问题，面对当前金融、能源、粮食三大难题交织爆发的严峻局面，任何一个国家都无法置身其外，也难以单独应对。特别是当前国际金融动荡，已经波及许多国家，影响还会加剧，各国应当通力合作，迎接挑战。全世界的人们，包括各国的领导者，只要消除敌视、隔阂和偏见，以包容开放的胸怀坦诚相待，携手前行，人类一定会战胜各种困难，也一定会拥有一个更加光明美好的未来。中国作为一个负责的发展中大国，愿与国际社会一道，加强合作，共同分享机遇，应对挑战，为推动实现世界的和谐与可持续发展贡献力量。Thank you.谢谢大家！