著名演讲

第一篇：著名演讲

马丁路德金----我有一个梦想（演讲稿原文）

I Have a Dream（Martin Luther King)我有一个梦想（马丁 路德 金）

......I say to you, my friends, so even though we must face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream.……今天，我对你们说，我的朋友们，尽管此时的困难与挫折，我们仍然有个梦，这是深深扎根于美国梦中的梦。

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creedblack men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Catholics and Protestants-will be able to join hands and to sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last, free at last;thank God Almighty, we are free at last.” 当我们让自由之声响彻之时，当我们让它从每一座村庄，从每一个州和每一座城市响起时，我们将能加速这一天的到来，那时，所有上帝的孩子们，黑人和白人，犹太人和异教徒们，基督徒和天主教徒们，将能手挽手，以那古老的黑人圣歌的歌词高唱； “终于自由了！终于自由了！感谢全能的上帝，我们终于自由了！”

======================= I Have a Dream I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation.This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice.It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity.But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free.One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination.One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity.One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.So we have come here today to dramatize the shameful condition.In a sense we’ve come to our nation’s capital to cash a check.When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir.This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as white men, would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned.Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked “insufficient funds.”

But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt.We refuse to believe that there are “insufficient funds” in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation.So we’ve come to cash this check-a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice.I say to you today, my friends, so even though we face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a dream.It is a dream deeply rooted in the American Dream.I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up, live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal.”

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners, will they be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.I have a dream, that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.I have a dream, that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character, I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers.I have a dream today.I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low;the rough places will be made plain;and the crooked places will be made straight;and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.This is our hope.So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire.Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York.Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania.Let freedom ring from the snow-capped Rockies of Colorado.Let freedom ring from the curvaceous slopes of California.But not only that, let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia.Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee.Let freedom ring from every hill and molehill of Mississippi, from every mountainside.Let freedom ring and when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, “Free at last, free at last, thank God almighty, we are free at last.” ================================

第二篇：希特勒著名演讲

篇一：希特勒最著名的演讲

希特勒最著名的演讲----给中国的领导们上一课

今天，我们站在这里！站在德国的土地上！站在柏林，这块我们祖先用鲜血和尊严浇灌的土地上！我的身后，是安德烈.柯里昂的雕像！他是全世界公认的自由斗士！他是全世界的光！我的面前，站着的是一个民族，一个在屈辱中呻吟的民族！那场战争结束之后，我们这个民族的骄傲就没有了！那些战胜者们骑在我们的脖子上作威作福，他们随意 践踏我们的尊严，一个欧洲大陆上最高贵的民族的尊严！你们告诉我，你们是选择像本杰明.马丁一样去做一个自由的斗士，还是一个奴隶？！

你们或许要说：希特勒先生，我需要一个工作，一块面包。是的，你的说法很对，生命实在是太重要了。但是我要告诉你们，这世界上还有一种东西比生命更重要，那就是自由！那就是尊严！

只要阿尔萨斯和洛林上空一日还飘扬着法国的国旗，我们的尊严就不存在！只要那些法国人、英国人在我们的国土上横行霸道，我们的尊严就不存在！只要在欧洲的 版图上，这个叫德国的国家四分五裂积弱不堪，我们的尊严就不存在！只要其他国家的人，在聊天的时候说到德国这个字眼的时候会发出一声轻蔑的笑声，我们的尊 严就不存在！

我们需要的，不是一块面包！而是一个生存空间！一个民族的生存空间！这生存空间，不是靠乞求和抗议来实现的，而是靠铁和血来实现的！

别人欺辱我们，哪怕是最弱小的民族也来践踏我们，我们只会叫着：我们表示强烈的愤慨和抗议，这样的人，是没有骨头的！这样的人，是低贱的！我们应该用大炮的震耳欲聋声让敌人颤抖！我们应该碾压他们的尊严、生命，让他们知道我们不是一群只知道抗议的懦夫！你们要记住，一个只懂得抗议的国家，是一个没有骨头的国家！一个只懂得抗议的政府，是一个没有骨头的政府！当我们地尊严、领土和生存的空间都遭受践踏的时候，还不知羞耻地抗议地政府，我们是不需要的！你们最后也会抛弃它们的！

我很骄傲，在你们这些人中，这样没有骨头的人，少之又少！我的面前，是一个留着千年不屈血液的军团！这血液，曾经在我们祖先的血管里面流淌过，他们没有屈服过！现在，它们在我们的身体里面汩汩奔涌，你们告诉我，你们愿意它冷却吗！？

能够团结人们的，有两件东西：共同的理想和共同的敌人！我们有雕刻在德意志旗帜上面的伟大理想，我们会为这理想流尽我们的最后一滴血！在今天的柏林。没有 任何东西能够拯救我们的祖国，只有这理想！凡尔赛条约，是一个极大的耻辱！我们有拒绝执行它的决心和理由！做你们想做的吧！就像本杰明.马丁拿起枪，就像 他带领着他的同胞们高举着那面自由的大旗英勇杀敌一样！假如你们期望战斗，那就去战斗吧！然后我就能够看到你们是七千万奴隶还是七千万坚贞不屈的日耳曼 人！

如果有那么一天，我，阿道夫.希特勒，也会像本杰明.马丁那样，举着属于我们德意志的大旗冲在最前方！哪怕是战死，我也会微笑着进入天堂！我会见到那些德 意志的荣耀的祖先们，我可以昂着头颅走到伟大的腓特烈大帝跟前，我可以骄傲地对他说：我，你的子孙，没有给你丢脸，我为伟大的德意志流尽了最后一滴血！

我们为不被奴役而战！我们为自由而战！我们不是机器，不是牛马，我们是人！是从来没有屈服过的日耳曼人！

我们以自由的名义团结起来！为一个新的、公平的世界而战！我们为人人有工作而战！为那些奴役我们的人滚出德国人的土地而战！为我们不需要整天喊着抗议而 战！为我们的尊严而战！为我们的诺言而战！为解放这个国家而战！日耳曼人，我们为我们的祖先的荣耀而战！为我们的子孙后代能够骄傲地宣传：我们是从来不屈 服的日耳曼人而战！我的同胞们，德国和德国人民万岁！自由，万岁！篇二：希特勒著名的演讲文本

im sorry but i dont want to be an emperori dont want to rule or conquer anyone.i should like to help everyone if possible, jew, gentile, black man, white.we all want to help one another, human beings are like that.we want to live by each others happiness, not by each others misery.we dont want to hate and despise one another.in this world there is room for everyone and the good earth is rich and can provide for everyone.the way of life can be free and beautiful.but we have lost the way.greed has poisoned mens soulsdont give yourselves to brutes, men who despise you, enslave youonly the unloved hatedont fight for slavery, fight for liberty!in the seventeenth chapter of saint luke it is written thekingdomofgodis within manbut in all menlet us all unite！!let us fight for a new world, a decent world that will give men a chance to work, that will give you the future and old age and security.by the promise of these things, brutes have risen to power, but they lie!they do not fulfil their promise, they never will!dictators free themselves but they enslave the people!now let us fight to fulfil that promise!let us fight to free the world, to do away with national barriers, to do away with greed, with hate and intolerance!let us fight for a world of reason, a world where science and progress will lead to all mens happiness.soldiersdont need other help-can win the war, they also invented several kind of means and methods to force them to surrender, we empire usaf remorseless fierce fried densely populated areas, and take the hunger tactics.although i warned them over and over again, ill take the hot air for three months, i have warned them in.but these warning was churchill in one ear and out the other.strange? the man did not spare others life? he only those culture and architecture? i promise, when i have time, if he gives us a bomb, bomb with a necessary when i return them, but still could not make him about his behavior is the man of god gongzhu.he claimed that he never depressed, even he assured us that, no matter how we fierce attacks, the british people will put him back in london stands array.in recent years, the fool in europe has been like a madman, jumping, hoping to find the opportunity to fire.unfortunately, he has repeatedly discovered the vampire has all the domestic put fire in them.his last winter disorderly check-kiting, big lie, make americans believe that by german empire, in the past several months of war, and now they were alive, he also know so, so he is necessary in europe, then a war.this plan in early 1939 he yijiusilingnian autumn and spring is reflected.at that time, britains situation that he can mobilize around a hundred division.but last may and june, we saw the british suddenly rout, make him seriously attempt this plan.but in the last autumn, winston churchill and want to begin to solve this problem.due to the army tanks and anti-tank weapons are obvious advantage, make war reversed, churchill believed north now is the best time for the war, he can be transferred from libya stage in greece.he ordered the therefore, it is also churchill in this war that the biggest strategic errors.i know a british dont intend to take in the balkans, more taken after the stronghold of the necessary steps.germany to the false gentleman trick is a more often, and raised the necessary force to hit him.german no consciousness in the balkans.instead, we use as far as possible, and the method of justice, of course, the greek settle disputes with these methods are in italy legislation hope.italian leaders agreed to support us and not to make peace with our goal of yugoslavia signing bilateral agreements.finally, the yugoslav government agreed to join the hegemony of convention, yugoslavia, what need not only for our obligation to borrow word is enough.so, this year march 26, we guarantee in vienna in future, yugoslavia, and external interference is not a guarantee of balkan peace.gentlemen, you believe or not, i will depart from the city of beautiful unexpectedly filled with happiness, not only because he is eight years of foreign policy, also because i believe from this moment, germany may need to reach the balkans.we were ruling group the news frightened, the news is a group of better-bribed rebel against convicted without authorization, also make the british prime minister with excitement testimony that he may have the good news for the first time across the uk.24.gentlemen, im sure you can understand, i heard the news, i immediately ordered against yugoslavia.german empire will never allow take years to other parties, signed the contract, but the beneficial overnight found one-sided, but they also destroyed insulted us ambassador to the imperial german, threatening the and god know i was peaceful.but thanks to god, it gave me the optional use means to defend germanys interests.i was very calm in the determination of underground.because i know that i shall not be moved to china in bulgarias loyalty to germany, and play a loyal hungarian knows it after the indignation.26 the battle was very special results.by signing a battle-hardened bell part can also cause intercontinental uneasy this fact, we immediately removed the danger, it is to eliminate the causes of the parent of many injuries tensions across europe.28 for moderate repair due to world war ii and infringement, the front of these places is not made in germany take unfair greed.at the political level, we are only the regional peace, protection and in economic terms, we hope to see the social order, in order to build up cargo, and to everyone.29.however, the use of justice should accord with the highest except outside, still must consider ethnography, history or economic conditions.30 i can guarantee to you, i for our future, also extremely confident.german empire and his allies, whether in power, military, economic, especially the moral aspect, more than any other in the world.to the federal the german army, if necessary, whenever they were not afraid challenge.the german confidence should always篇三：希特勒最著名的演讲

希特勒最著名的演讲----给中国的领导们上一课 来源： 华定平的日志

今天，我们站在这里！站在德国的土地上！站在柏林，这块我们祖先用鲜血和尊严浇灌的土地上！我的身后，是安德烈.柯里昂的雕像！他是全世界公认的自由斗士！他是全世界的光！我的面前，站着的是一个民族，一个在屈辱中呻吟的民族！那场战争结束之后，我们这个民族的骄傲就没有了！那些战胜者们骑在我们的脖子上作威作福，他们随意 践踏我们的尊严，一个欧洲大陆上最高贵的民族的尊严！你们告诉我，你们是选择像本杰明.马丁一样去做一个自由的斗士，还是一个奴隶？！

你们或许要说：希特勒先生，我需要一个工作，一块面包。是的，你的说法很对，生命实在是太重要了。但是我要告诉你们，这世界上还有一种东西比生命更重要，那就是自由！那就是尊严！

只要阿尔萨斯和洛林上空一日还飘扬着法国的国旗，我们的尊严就不存在！只要那些法国人、英国人在我们的国土上横行霸道，我们的尊严就不存在！只要在欧洲的 版图上，这个叫德国的国家四分五裂积弱不堪，我们的尊严就不存在！只要其他国家的人，在聊天的时候说到德国这个字眼的时候会发出一声轻蔑的笑声，我们的尊 严就不存在！

我们需要的，不是一块面包！而是一个生存空间！一个民族的生存空间！这生存空间，不是靠乞求和抗议来实现的，而是靠铁和血来实现的！

别人欺辱我们，哪怕是最弱小的民族也来践踏我们，我们只会叫着：我们表示强烈的愤慨和抗议，这样的人，是没有骨头的！这样的人，是低贱的！我们应该用大炮的震耳欲聋声让敌人颤抖！我们应该碾压他们的尊严、生命，让他们知道我们不是一群只知道抗议的懦夫！你们要记住，一个只懂得抗议的国家，是一个没有骨头的国家！一个只懂得抗议的政府，是一个没有骨头的政府！当我们地尊严、领土和生存的空间都遭受践踏的时候，还不知羞耻地抗议地政府，我们是不需要的！你们最后也会抛弃它们的！

我很骄傲，在你们这些人中，这样没有骨头的人，少之又少！我的面前，是一个留着千年不屈血液的军团！这血液，曾经在我们祖先的血管里面流淌过，他们没有屈服过！现在，它们在我们的身体里面汩汩奔涌，你们告诉我，你们愿意它冷却吗！？

能够团结人们的，有两件东西：共同的理想和共同的敌人！我们有雕刻在德意志旗帜上面的伟大理想，我们会为这理想流尽我们的最后一滴血！在今天的柏林。没有 任何东西能够拯救我们的祖国，只有这理想！凡尔赛条约，是一个极大的耻辱！我们有拒绝执行它的决心和理由！做你们想做的吧！就像本杰明.马丁拿起枪，就像 他带领着他的同胞们高举着那面自由的大旗英勇杀敌一样！假如你们期望战斗，那就去战斗吧！然后我就能够看到你们是七千万奴隶还是七千万坚贞不屈的日耳曼 人！

如果有那么一天，我，阿道夫.希特勒，也会像本杰明.马丁那样，举着属于我们德意志的大旗冲在最前方！哪怕是战死，我也会微笑着进入天堂！我会见到那些德 意志的荣耀的祖先们，我可以昂着头颅走到伟大的腓特烈大帝跟前，我可以骄傲地对他说：我，你的子孙，没有给你丢脸，我为伟大的德意志流尽了最后一滴血！

我们为不被奴役而战！我们为自由而战！我们不是机器，不是牛马，我们是人！是从来没有屈服过的日耳曼人！

我们以自由的名义团结起来！为一个新的、公平的世界而战！我们为人人有工作而战！为那些奴役我们的人滚出德国人的土地而战！为我们不需要整天喊着抗议而 战！为我们的尊严而战！为我们的诺言而战！为解放这个国家而战！日耳曼人，我们为我们的祖先的荣耀而战！为我们的子孙后代能够骄傲地宣传：我们是从来不屈 服的日耳曼人而战！我的同胞们，德国和德国人民万岁！自由，万岁！

第三篇：英语著名演讲

Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate Ronald Reagan delivered 12 June 1987, West Berlin [AUTHENTICITY CERTIFIED: Text version below transcribed directly from audio.(2)]

Thank you.Thank you, very much.Chancellor Kohl, Governing Mayor Diepgen, ladies and gentlemen: Twenty four years ago, President John F.Kennedy visited Berlin, and speaking to the people of this city and the world at the city hall.Well since then two other presidents have come, each in his turn to Berlin.And today, I, myself, make my second visit to your city.We come to Berlin, we American Presidents, because it's our duty to speak in this place of freedom.But I must confess, we are drawn here by other things as well;by the feeling of history in this city--more than 500 years older than our own nation;by the beauty of the Grunewald and the Tiergarten;most of all, by your courage and determination.Perhaps the composer, Paul Linke, understood something about American Presidents.You see, like so many Presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do: ¡°Ich hab noch einen Koffer in Berlin¡± [I still have a suitcase in Berlin.] Our gathering today is being broadcast throughout Western Europe and North America.I understand that it is being seen and heard as well in the East.To those listening throughout Eastern Europe, I extend my warmest greetings and the good will of the American people.To those listening in East Berlin, a special word: Although I cannot be with you, I address my remarks to you just as surely as to those standing here before me.For I join you, as I join your fellow countrymen in the West, in this firm, this unalterable belief: Es gibt nur ein Berlin.[There is only one Berlin.] Behind me stands a wall that encircles the free sectors of this city, part of a vast system of barriers that divides the entire continent of Europe.From the Baltic South, those barriers cut across Germany in a gash of barbed wire, concrete, dog runs, and guard towers.Farther south, there may be no visible, no obvious wall.But there remain armed guards and checkpoints all the same--still a restriction on the right to travel, still an instrument to impose upon ordinary men and women the will of a totalitarian state.Yet, it is here in Berlin where the wall emerges most clearly;here, cutting across your city, where the news photo and the television screen have imprinted this brutal division of a continent upon the mind of the world.Standing before the Brandenburg Gate, every man is a German separated from his fellow men.Every man is a Berliner, forced to look upon a scar.President Von Weizs & auml;cker has said, “The German question is open as long as the Brandenburg Gate is closed.” Well today--today I say: As long as this gate is closed, as long as this scar of a wall is permitted to stand, it is not the German question alone that remains open, but the question of freedom for all mankind.Yet, I do not come here to lament.For I find in Berlin a message of hope, even in the shadow of this wall, a message of triumph.In this season of spring in 1945, the people of Berlin emerged from their air-raid shelters to find devastation.Thousands of miles away, the people of the United States reached out to help.And in 1947 Secretary of State--as you've been told--George Marshall announced the creation of what would become known as the Marshall Plan.Speaking precisely 40 years ago this month, he said: “Our policy is directed not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” In the Reichstag a few moments ago, I saw a display commemorating this 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan.I was struck by a sign--the sign on a burnt-out, gutted structure that was being rebuilt.I understand that Berliners of my own generation can remember seeing signs like it dotted throughout the western sectors of the city.The sign read simply: “The Marshall Plan is helping here to strengthen the free world.” A strong, free world in the West--that dream became real.Japan rose from ruin to become an economic giant.Italy, France, Belgium--virtually every nation in Western Europe saw political and economic rebirth;the European Community was founded.In West Germany and here in Berlin, there took place an economic miracle, the Wirtschaftswunder.Adenauer, Erhard, Reuter, and other leaders understood the practical importance of liberty--that just as truth can flourish only when the journalist is given freedom of speech, so prosperity can come about only when the farmer and businessman enjoy economic freedom.The German leaders--the German leaders reduced tariffs, expanded free trade, lowered taxes.From 1950 to 1960 alone, the standard of living in West Germany and Berlin doubled.Where four decades ago there was rubble, today in West Berlin there is the greatest industrial output of any city in Germany: busy office blocks, fine homes and apartments, proud avenues, and the spreading lawns of parkland.Where a city's culture seemed to have been destroyed, today there are two great universities, orchestras and an opera, countless theaters, and museums.Where there was want, today there's abundance--food, clothing, automobiles--the wonderful goods of the Kudamm.¹ From devastation, from utter ruin, you Berliners have, in freedom, rebuilt a city that once again ranks as one of the greatest on earth.Now the Soviets may have had other plans.But my friends, there were a few things the Soviets didn't count on: Berliner Herz, Berliner Humor, ja, und Berliner Schnauze.[Berliner heart, Berliner humor, yes, and a Berliner Schnauze.²] In the 1950s--In the 1950s Khrushchev predicted: “We will bury you.” But in the West today, we see a free world that has achieved a level of prosperity and well-being unprecedented in all human history.In the Communist world, we see failure, technological backwardness, declining standards of health, even want of the most basic kind--too little food.Even today, the Soviet Union still cannot feed itself.After these four decades, then, there stands before the entire world one great and inescapable conclusion: Freedom leads to prosperity.Freedom replaces the ancient hatreds among the nations with comity and peace.Freedom is the victor.And now--now the Soviets themselves may, in a limited way, becoming to understand the importance of freedom.We hear much from Moscow about a new policy of reform and openness.Some political prisoners have been released.Certain foreign news broadcasts are no longer being jammed.Some economic enterprises have been permitted to operate with greater freedom from state control.Are these the beginnings of profound changes in the Soviet state? Or are they token gestures intended to raise false hopes in the West, or to strengthen the Soviet system without changing it? We welcome change and openness;for we believe that freedom and security go together, that the advance of human liberty--the advance of human liberty can only strengthen the cause of world peace.There is one sign the Soviets can make that would be unmistakable, that would advance dramatically the cause of freedom and peace.General Secretary Gorbachev, if you seek peace, if you seek prosperity for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, if you seek liberalization: Come here to this gate.Mr.Gorbachev, open this gate.Mr.Gorbachev--Mr.Gorbachev, tear down this wall!I understand the fear of war and the pain of division that afflict this continent, and I pledge to you my country's efforts to help overcome these burdens.To be sure, we in the West must resist Soviet expansion.So, we must maintain defenses of unassailable strength.Yet we seek peace;so we must strive to reduce arms on both sides.Beginning 10 years ago, the Soviets challenged the Western alliance with a grave new threat, hundreds of new and more deadly SS-20 nuclear missiles capable of striking every capital in Europe.The Western alliance responded by committing itself to a counter-deployment(unless the Soviets agreed to negotiate a better solution)--namely, the elimination of such weapons on both sides.For many months, the Soviets refused to bargain in earnestness.As the alliance, in turn, prepared to go forward with its counter-deployment, there were difficult days, days of protests like those during my 1982 visit to this city;and the Soviets later walked away from the table.But through it all, the alliance held firm.And I invite those who protested then--I invite those who protest today--to mark this fact: Because we remained strong, the Soviets came back to the table.Because we remained strong, today we have within reach the possibility, not merely of limiting the growth of arms, but of eliminating, for the first time, an entire class of nuclear weapons from the face of the earth.As I speak, NATO ministers are meeting in Iceland to review the progress of our proposals for eliminating these weapons.At the talks in Geneva, we have also proposed deep cuts in strategic offensive weapons.And the Western allies have likewise made far-reaching proposals to reduce the danger of conventional war and to place a total ban on chemical weapons.While we pursue these arms reductions, I pledge to you that we will maintain the capacity to deter Soviet aggression at any level at which it might occur.And in cooperation with many of our allies, the United States is pursuing the Strategic Defense Initiative--research to base deterrence not on the threat of offensive retaliation, but on defenses that truly defend;on systems, in short, that will not target populations, but shield them.By these means we seek to increase the safety of Europe and all the world.But we must remember a crucial fact: East and West do not mistrust each other because we are armed;we are armed because we mistrust each other.And our differences are not about weapons but about liberty.When President Kennedy spoke at the City Hall those 24 years ago, freedom was encircled;Berlin was under siege.And today, despite all the pressures upon this city, Berlin stands secure in its liberty.And freedom itself is transforming the globe.In the Philippines, in South and Central America, democracy has been given a rebirth.Throughout the Pacific, free markets are working miracle after miracle of economic growth.In the industrialized nations, a technological revolution is taking place, a revolution marked by rapid, dramatic advances in computers and telecommunications.In Europe, only one nation and those it controls refuse to join the community of freedom.Yet in this age of redoubled economic growth, of information and innovation, the Soviet Union faces a choice: It must make fundamental changes, or it will become obsolete.Today, thus, represents a moment of hope.We in the West stand ready to cooperate with the East to promote true openness, to break down barriers that separate people, to create a safer, freer world.And surely there is no better place than Berlin, the meeting place of East and West, to make a start.Free people of Berlin: Today, as in the past, the United States stands for the strict observance and full implementation of all parts of the Four Power Agreement of 1971.Let us use this occasion, the 750th anniversary of this city, to usher in a new era, to seek a still fuller, richer life for the Berlin of the future.Together, let us maintain and develop the ties between the Federal Republic and the Western sectors of Berlin, which is permitted by the 1971 agreement.And I invite Mr.Gorbachev: Let us work to bring the Eastern and Western parts of the city closer together, so that all the inhabitants of all Berlin can enjoy the benefits that come with life in one of the great cities of the world.To open Berlin still further to all Europe, East and West, let us expand the vital air access to this city, finding ways of making commercial air service to Berlin more convenient, more comfortable, and more economical.We look to the day when West Berlin can become one of the chief aviation hubs in all central Europe.With--With our French--With our French and British partners, the United States is prepared to help bring international meetings to Berlin.It would be only fitting for Berlin to serve as the site of United Nations meetings, or world conferences on human rights and arms control, or other issues that call for international cooperation.There is no better way to establish hope for the future than to enlighten young minds, and we would be honored to sponsor summer youth exchanges, cultural events, and other programs for young Berliners from the East.Our French and British friends, I'm certain, will do the same.And it's my hope that an authority can be found in East Berlin to sponsor visits from young people of the Western sectors.One final proposal, one close to my heart: Sport represents a source of enjoyment and ennoblement, and you may have noted that the Republic of Korea--South Korea--has offered to permit certain events of the 1988 Olympics to take place in the North.International sports competitions of all kinds could take place in both parts of this city.And what better way to demonstrate to the world the openness of this city than to offer in some future year to hold the Olympic games here in Berlin, East and West.In these four decades, as I have said, you Berliners have built a great city.You've done so in spite of threats--the Soviet attempts to impose the East-mark, the blockade.Today the city thrives in spite of the challenges implicit in the very presence of this wall.What keeps you here? Certainly there's a great deal to be said for your fortitude, for your defiant courage.But I believe there's something deeper, something that involves Berlin's whole look and feel and way of life--not mere sentiment.No one could live long in Berlin without being completely disabused of illusions.Something, instead, that has seen the difficulties of life in Berlin but chose to accept them, that continues to build this good and proud city in contrast to a surrounding totalitarian presence, that refuses to release human energies or aspirations, something that speaks with a powerful voice of affirmation, that says “yes” to this city, yes to the future, yes to freedom.In a word, I would submit that what keeps you in Berlin--is “love.” Love both profound and abiding.Perhaps this gets to the root of the matter, to the most fundamental distinction of all between East and West.The totalitarian world produces backwardness because it does such violence to the spirit, thwarting the human impulse to create, to enjoy, to worship.The totalitarian world finds even symbols of love and of worship an affront.Years ago, before the East Germans began rebuilding their churches, they erected a secular structure: the television tower at Alexander Platz.Virtually ever since, the authorities have been working to correct what they view as the tower's one major flaw: treating the glass sphere at the top with paints and chemicals of every kind.Yet even today when the sun strikes that sphere, that sphere that towers over all Berlin, the light makes the sign of the cross.There in Berlin, like the city itself, symbols of love, symbols of worship, cannot be suppressed.As I looked out a moment ago from the Reichstag, that embodiment of German unity, I noticed words crudely spray-painted upon the wall, perhaps by a young Berliner(quote): “This wall will fall.Beliefs become reality.” Yes, across Europe, this wall will fall, for it cannot withstand faith;it cannot withstand truth.The wall cannot withstand freedom.And I would like, before I close, to say one word.I have read, and I have been questioned since I've been here about certain demonstrations against my coming.And I would like to say just one thing, and to those who demonstrate so.I wonder if they have ever asked themselves that if they should have the kind of government they apparently seek, no one would ever be able to do what they're doing again.Thank you and God bless you all.Thank you.

第四篇：著名毕业典礼演讲

世界十大最著名毕业典礼上的演讲 1.david foster wallace，美国著名小说作家、评论家、幽默作家，代表作《无尽的玩笑》，入选《时代周刊》“百部最佳英文小说”。david foster wallace2008年9月13日患抑郁症自杀家中，享年46岁。david foster wallace, kenyon, 2005 learning how to think really means learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think.it means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience.because if you cannot exercise this kind of choice in adult life, you will be totally hosed.this address at kenyon was vintage wallace: a smart, occasionally meandering discussion of the issues that consumed him, from the banality of life to the meaning of consciousness.i know that this stuff probably doesnt sound fun and breezy and grandly inspirational, he concluded.what it is, so far as i can see, is the truth...the capital-t truth is about life before death.it is about making it to 30, or maybe 50, without wanting to shoot yourself in the head.all the reasons wallace didnt make it to 50 are apparent here;in hindsight, the speech reads like the first draft of a suicide note for an author who took his own life last year at age 46.while its a macabre read, theres tons thats worthwhile here: the speech crackles with wit and intelligence — and offers tricks for escaping the depression to which wallace ultimately succumbed。

2．steve jobs，苹果电脑创始人，声名显赫的“计算机狂人” steve jobs, stanford, 2005 your time is limited, so dont waste it living someone elses life.dont be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other peoples thinking.dont let the noise of others opinions drown out your own inner voice.and most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition...stay hungry, stay foolish.3.conan obrien，美国著名脱口秀主持人。conan obrien, harvard(class day), 2000 i left the cocoon of harvard, i left the cocoon of saturday night live, i left the cocoon of the simpsons.and each time it was bruising and tumultuous.and yet, every failure was freeing, and today im as nostalgic for the bad as i am for the good。so, thats what i wish for all of you: the bad as well as the good.fall down, make a mess, break something occasionally.and remember that the story is never over.when conan obrien spoke at harvard universitys 2000 class day, he had a lot of things to say — many of them about harvard.obrien graduated from the prestigious university in 1985, and he took at few shots at his alma maters expense.the last time i was invited to harvard it cost me $110,000, he said, so youll forgive me if im a bit suspicious.he endured along the way.he discussed his bombed television pilot, embarrassingly bad reviews and what it was like to be 28 and unemployed in new york city, proving that no one, not even the man who would one day take over the tonight show, escapes disappointment and self-doubt.but despite his stumbles, obrien kept going.and he told harvards class of 2000 that they should too。4.russell baker，《纽约时报》专栏作家，1982年普利策奖获得者。成名作为个人自传《成长》。russell baker, connecticut college, 1995 listen once in a while.its amazing what you can hear.on a hot summer day in the country you can hear the corn growing, the crack of a tin roof buckling under the power of the sun.in a real old-fashioned parlor silence so deep you can hear the dust settling on the velveteen settee, you might hear the footsteps of something sinister gaining on you, or a heart-stoppingly beautiful phrase from mozart you havent heard since childhood, or the voice of somebody — now gone — whom you loved.or sometime when youre talking up a storm so brilliant, so charming that you can hardly believe how wonderful you are, pause just a moment and listen to yourself.its good for the soul to hear yourself as others hear you, and next time maybe, just maybe, you will not talk so much, so loudly, so brilliantly, so charmingly, so utterly shamelessly foolishly。

baker, a pulitzer prize–winning author and columnist, knows how to reach college kids.hes funny and engaging(the best advice i can give anybody about going out into the world is this: dont do it)without being cynical, and lands enough light jabs to remind his audience that his advice — from get married to sleep in the nude — is worth heeding。5．winston churchill，英国前首相。winston churchill, harrow school, 1941 never give in.never give in.never, never, never, never — in nothing, great or small, large or petty — never give in, except to convictions of honor and good sense.no leader in history, perhaps, matched churchills capacity for 6.george marshall，1880-1959，美国将军、政治家，出任国务卿期间，推出欧洲复兴计划。篇二：十篇著名的大学毕业典礼演讲 1.winston churchill(harrow school)memorable quote: never give in.never give in.never, never, never, never--in nothing, great or small, large or petty--never give in, except to convictions of honor and good sense.never yield to force.never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.3.jon stewart(college of william and mary)memorable quote: im sure my fellow doctoral graduates--who have spent so long toiling in academia, sinking into debt, sacrificing god knows how many years of what, in truth, is a piece of parchment that, in truth, has been so devalued by our instant gratification culture as to have been rendered meaningless--will join in congratulating me.with jokes, but stewart also dished out valuable advice to graduates near the end, telling them to love what you do and get good at it.4.theodor geisel(lake forest college)memorable quote: as you partake of the worlds bill of fare, thats darned good advice to follow.do a lot of spitting out the hot air.and be careful what you swallow.in 1977, the beloved theodor geisel(a.k.a.dr.seuss)was chosen as the memorable quote: out of the many here assembled, it is the heart of he or she that i seek who looks at a life of vapid materialism, of capitalist excess, and finds it simply intolerable.it may be one hundred of you, or fifty, or even ten, or even one of you who makes that choice.i am here to honor and applaud that choice and to warn you that, though the suffering may indeed be great, it is nothing to the joy of doing the right thing.evergreen state college via audiotape.the speech was controversial because abu-jamal was a death row inmate convicted of murdering a police officer.students, law enforcement officers, the policemans widow, congressman tom delay and a number of others protested the schools choice of speakers, but abu-jamals speech was delivered 6.russell baker(connecticut college)memorable quote: the best advice i can give anybody about going out into the world is this: dont do it.i have been out there.it is a mess.american columnist, pulitzer prize-winning author and political satirist russell 7.will ferrell(harvard university)memorable quote: after months of secret negotiations, several hundred secret ballots, and a weekend retreat with vice president dick cheney in his secret mountain bunker, a class day speaker was chosen, and it was me.you obviously have made a grave error.but its too late now.so lets just go with it.love him or hate him, actor will ferrell is responsible for one of the funniest and memorable quote: i have two last pieces of advice.first, being pre-approved for a credit card does not mean you have to apply for it.and lastly, the best career advice i can give you is to get your own tv show.it pays well, the hours are good, and you are famous.candid advice for college grads.he also shows off his ability to ask for a mcdonalds happy meal in five different languages.9.david foster wallace(kenyon college)conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience.because if you cannot exercise this kind of choice in adult life, you will be totally hosed.in 2005, a couple of years before his tragic suicide, influential postmodern author 10.j.k.rowling(harvard university)memorable quote: the knowledge that you have emerged wiser and stronger from setbacks means that you are, ever after, secure in your ability to survive.you will never truly know yourself, or the strength of your relationships, until both have been tested by adversity.such knowledge is a true gift, for all that it is painfully won, and it has been worth more than any qualification i ever earned.j.k.rowling may be one of the best-selling authors of all time, but before she published harry potter she was an unemployed single parent one step away from 10大最佳毕业典礼演讲

what makes a great speech? persuasion.成就一场演讲的是什么？说服力。

分析沟通技能公司quantified impressions的专家认为，这是与听众建立联系的关键点——至少当听众是大学毕业生时是这样的。

这家公司选出了31场被媒体称为精彩难忘的毕业嘉宾演讲，对照一般演讲和日常对话数据库进行了评估。分析涵盖了80项不同的指标，结果发现，这31场演讲最普遍的共性就是说服力指标或变量。and based on that, quantified impressions came up with a list of 10 best speeches.根据这项分析评估，quantified impressions评选出了十佳毕业典礼演讲。these speeches are the best because the speakers persuade the audience to be emotionally moved, says noah zandan, quantified impressions president.“这些演讲非常出色，演讲者从情感上说服了听众，让他们真心被打动，”quantified impressions的总裁诺阿?赞登说。turns out, the best speakers persuade by doing three key things.they explain their relevance(i was just like you).they give insight(heres what life will be like).and they use inclusive words:you, we, us, with, along.分析显示，这些顶级的演讲人做了三件关键的事情。与听众建立联系（“当时我就像你们一样”）。提供真知灼见（“我们来谈谈，未来生活将是什么样子？”）。使用包容性的词汇：你们、我们、和、与。

排在第一名的人不出意料是奥普拉?温弗里。她五年前在斯坦福大学（stanford）做的那次演讲事实上超出了她上周对哈佛（harvard）毕业生做的演讲。the speech ranked no.3 below is particularly historic this week: its 50 years ago this month that john f.kennedy, in the midst of the cold war and on the heels of the cuban missile crisis, startled the soviets by offering unilateral nuclear restraint.排名第三的演讲本周特别值得怀念：五十年前的6月，正值冷战时期，古巴导弹危机（cuban missile crisis）刚刚发生，约翰?f.?肯尼迪提出的单边核克制震动了苏联人。1.oprah winfrey2005, kenyon 2.大卫?福斯特?华莱士——2005年, 肯尼恩学院（kenyon）3.john f.kennedy1977, university of california, riverside 4.玛雅?安吉罗——1977年，加利福尼亚大学大学河滨分校（university of california, riverside）

5.winston churchill2013, smith 6.阿瑞安娜?赫芬顿——2013年，史密斯学院（smith）7.oprah winfrey2012, syracuse 8.阿伦?索尔金——2012年，雪城大学（syracuse）9.former yahoo(yhoo)ceo carol bartzmadison 9.前雅虎（yahoo）ceo卡罗尔?巴茨——2012年，威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校(university of wisconsin机会从来不会主动敲门 这与财富无关，而是与成功有关 8.谷歌全球销售高级副总裁奥米德·柯德斯塔尼(omid kordestani)，2007年，圣何塞州立大学 谷歌全球销售高级副总裁奥米德〃柯德斯塔尼

精彩语录：为了保持我的敏锐，我必须象移民一样思考和行动，他们的乐观和动力让我受益匪浅。移民是天生的梦想家和斗士。9.1999-2005年惠普ceo卡莉·菲奥莉娜(carly fiorina)，2004年，加州理工学院 惠普ceo卡莉〃菲奥莉娜

精彩语录：什么才能称得上你们这一代的伟大之处？我认为是使用你们在这里所学的知识，不仅仅是找到与计算机连接的方式，而且找到与人的连接方式；不仅仅是架设桥梁填补技术间的鸿沟，更是架设文化间的桥梁；不仅仅是使用数字和公式创造，更是使用语言去引领。在这个过程中，填补愚昧与智慧间的差距。（有几个人能明白这句话的意义？）10.通用电气ceo杰夫·伊梅尔特(jeff immelt)，2007年，圣母大学 通用电气ceo杰夫〃伊梅尔特 精彩语录：通过你的决心让自己脱颖而出，努力锻炼自己的能力，为生活设定一个目的，你将定义你自己的目标。努力工作并实现你的梦想。

第五篇：丘吉尔二战著名演讲

丘吉尔二战著名演讲：热血、汗水和眼泪

1940年5月8日，由于前首相张伯伦遭到不信任质疑动议，被迫辞职。5月10日下午6时，国王召见丘吉尔，令其组阁；一小时后丘吉尔会见工党领袖艾德礼，邀请工党加入内阁并获得支持。3天后丘吉尔首次以首相身份出席下议院会议，发表了著名的讲话：“我没有别的，只有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水献给大家……你们问：我们的目的是什么？我可以用一个词来答复：胜利，不惜一切代价去争取胜利，无论多么恐怖也要争取胜利，无论道路多么遥远艰难，也要争取胜利，因为没有胜利就无法生存。”下议院最终以381票对0票的绝对优势表明了对丘吉尔政府的支持。演讲全文：

On Friday evening last I received from His Majesty the mission to form a new administration.上星期五晚上，我奉陛下之命，组织新的一届政府。

It was the evident will of Parliament and the nation that this should be conceived on the broadest possible basis and that it should include all parties.按国会和国民的意愿，新政府显然应该考虑建立在尽可能广泛的基础上，应该兼容所有的党派。

I have already completed the most important part of this task.A war cabinet has been formed of five members, representing, with the Labor, Opposition and Liberals, the unity of the nation.我已经完成了这项任务的最主要的部分。战时内阁已由五人组成，包括工党、反对党和自由党，这体现了举国团结一致。

It was necessary that this should be done in one single day on account of the extreme urgency and rigor of events.Other key positions were filled yesterday.I am submitting a further list to the King tonight.I hope to complete the appointment of principal Ministers during tomorrow.由于事态的极端紧急和严峻，新阁政府须于一天之内组成，其他的关键岗位也于昨日安排就绪。今晚还要向国王呈报一份名单。我希望明天就能完成几位主要大臣的任命。

The appointment of other Ministers usually takes a little longer.I trust when Parliament meets again this part of my task will be completed and that the administration will be complete in all respects.其余大臣们的任命照例得晚一些。我相信，在国会下一次召开时，任命将告完成，臻于完善。

I considered it in the public interest to suggest to the Speaker that the House should be summoned today.At the end of today''s proceedings, the adjournment of the House will be proposed until May 2l with provision for earlier meeting if need be.Business for that will be notified to M.P.''s at the earliest opportunity.为公众利益着想，我建议议长今天就召开国会。今天的议程结束时，建议休会到5月21日，并准备在必要时提前开会。有关事项当会及早通知各位议员。

I now invite the House by a resolution to record its approval of the steps taken and declare its confidence in the new government.The resolution: 现在我请求国会作出决议，批准我所采取的各项步骤，启示记录在案，并且声明信任新政府。决议如下：

“That this House welcomes the formation of a government representing the united and inflexible resolve of the nation to prosecute the war with Germany to a victorious conclusion.” “本国会欢迎新政府的组成，她体现了举国一致的坚定不移的决心：对德作战，直到最后胜利。”

To form an administration of this scale and complexity is a serious undertaking in itself.But we are in the preliminary Phase of one of the greatest battles in history.We are in action at any other points-in Norway and in Holland-and we have to be prepared in the Mediterranean.The air battle is continuing, and many preparations have to be made here at home.组织如此规模和如此复杂的政府原本是一项重大的任务。但是我们正处于历史上罕见的一场大战的初始阶段。我们在其他许多地点作战——在挪威，在荷兰，我们还必须在地中海做好准备。空战正在继续，而且在本土也必须做好许多准备工作。

In this crisis I think I may be pardoned if I do not address the House at any length today, and I hope that any of my friends and colleagues or for mer colleagues who are affected by the political reconstruction will make all allowances for any lack of ceremony with which it has been necessary to act.值此危急关头，我想，即使我今天向国会的报告过于简略，也当能见谅。我还希望所有在这次改组中受到影响的朋友、同僚和旧日的同僚们对必要的礼仪方面的任何不周之处能毫不介意。

I say to the House as I said to Ministers who have joined this government, I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.We have before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind.We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering.我向国会表明，一如我向入阁的大臣们所表明的，我所能奉献的唯有热血、辛劳、眼泪和汗水我们所面临的将是一场极其严酷的考验，将是旷日持久的斗争和苦难。

You ask, what is our policy? I say it is to wage war by land, sea and air.War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime.That is our policy.若问我们的政策是什么？我的回答是：在陆上、海上、空中作战。尽我们的全力，尽上帝赋予我们的全部力量去作战，对人类黑暗、可悲的罪恶史上空前凶残的暴政作战。这就是我们的政策。

You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word, It is victory.Victory at all costs-victory in spite of all terrors-victory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival.若问我们的目标是什么？我可以用一个词来回答，那就是胜利。不惜

一切代价，去夺取胜利——不惧一切恐怖，去夺取胜利——不论前路如何漫长、如何艰苦，去夺取胜利。因为没有胜利就不能生存。Let that be realized.No survival for the British Empire, no survival for all that the British Empire has stood for, no survival for the urge, the impulse of the ages, that mankind shall move forward toward his goal.我们务必认识到，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国，没有胜利就不复有大英帝国所象征的一切，没有胜利就不复有多少世纪以来的强烈要求和冲动：人类应当向自己的目标迈进。

I take up my task in buoyancy and hope.I feel sure that our cause will not be suffered to fail among men.我精神振奋、满怀信心地承担起我的任务。我确信，大家联合起来，我们的事业就不会遭到挫败。

I feel entitled at this juncture, at this time, to claim the aid of all and to say, “Come then, let us go forward together with our united strength.” 在此时此刻的危急关头，我觉得我有权要求各方面的支持。我要说：“来吧，让我们群策群力，并肩前进！

史上最狂妄的演讲

甲骨文公司总裁Larry Ellison在耶鲁大学的演讲

“Graduates of Yale University, I apologize if you have endured this type of prologue before, but I want you to do something for me.Please, take a good look around you.Look at the classmate on your left.Look at the classmate on your right.Now, consider this: five years from now, 10 years from now, even thirty years from now, odds are the person on your left is going to be a loser.The person on your right, meanwhile, will also be a loser.And you, in the middle? What can you expect? Loser.Loserhood.Loser Cum Laude.In fact, as I look out before me today, I don't see a thousand hopes for a bright tomorrow.I don't see a thousand future leaders in a thousand industries.I see a thousand losers.You're upset.That's understandable.After all, how can I,Lawrence ”Larry“ Ellison, college dropout, have the

audacity to spout such heresy to the graduating class of one of the nation's most prestigious institutions? I'll tell you why.Because I, Lawrence ”Larry“ Ellison, second richest man on the planet, am college dropout, and you are not.Because Bill Gates, richest man on the planet-for now anyway-is a college dropout, and you are not.Because Paul Allen, the third richest man on the planet, dropped out of college, and you did not.And for good measure, because Michael Dell, No.9 on the list and moving up fast, is a college dropout, and you, yet again, are not.Hmm...you're very upset.That's understandable.So let me stroke your Egos for a moment by pointing out, quite sincerely, that your diplomas were not attained in vain.Most of you, I imagine, have spent four to five years here, and in many ways what you've learned and endured will serve you well in the years ahead.You've established good work habits.You've established a network of people that will help you down the road.And you've established what will be lifelong relationships with the word ”therapy.“ All that of is good.For in truth, you will need that network.You will need those strong work habits.You will need that therapy.You will need them because you didn't drop out, and so you will never be among the richest people in the world.Oh sure, you may, perhaps, work your way up to №10 or №11, like Steve Ballmer.But then, I don't have to tell you who he really works for, do I? And for the record, he dropped out of grad school.Bit of a late bloomer.Finally, I realize that many of you, and hopefully by now most of you, Are wondering, ”Is there anything I can do? Is there any hope for me at all? Actually, no.It's too late.You've absorbed too much, think you know too much.You're not 9 anymore.You have a built-in cap,and I'm not referring to the mortarboards on your heads.Hmm...you're really very upset.That's understandable.So perhaps this Could be a good time to bring up the silver lining.Not for you, Class of '00.You are a write-off, so I'll let you slink off to your pathetic $200,000-a-year jobs, where your cheques will be signed by former classmates who dropped out two years ago.Instead, I want to give hope to any underclassmen here today.I say to you, and I

can't stress this enough: leave.Pack your things and your ideas and don't come back.Drop out.Start up.For I can tell you that a cap and gown will keep you down just as surely as these security guards dragging me off this stage are keeping me down...“(At this point The Oracle CEO was ushered off stage.)耶鲁的毕业生们，我很抱歉---如果你们不喜欢这样的开场白。我想请你们为我做一件事。请你---好好看一看周围，看一看站在你左边的同学，看一看站在你右边的同学。

请你设想这样的情况：从现在起5年之后，10年之后，或30年之后，今天站在你左边的这个人会是一个失败者；右边的这个人，同样，也是个失败者。而你，站在中间的家伙，你以为会怎样？一样是失败者。失败的经历。失败的优等生。

说实话，今天我站在这里，并没有看到一千个毕业生的灿烂未来。我没有看到一千个行业的一千名卓越领导者，我只看到了一千个失败者。你们感到沮丧，这是可以理解的。为什么，我，埃里森，一个退学生，竟然在美国最具声望的学府里这样厚颜地散布异端？

我来告诉你原因。因为，我，埃里森，这个行星上第二富有的人，是个退学生，而你不是。因为比尔盖茨，这个行星上最富有的人---就目前而言---是个退学 生，而你不是。因为艾伦，这个行星上

第三富有的人，也退了学，而你没有。再来一点证据吧，因为戴尔，这个行星上第九富有的人---他的排位还在不断上升，也是个退学生。而你，不是。

你们非常沮丧，这是可以理解的。

你们将来需要这些有用的工作习惯。你将来需要这种“治疗”`。你需要它们，因为你没辍学，所以你永远不会成为世界上最富有的人。哦，当然，你可以，也许，以你的方式进步到第10位，第11位，就像Steve。不过，我没有告诉你他在为谁工作，是吧？根据记载，他是研究生时辍的学，开化得稍晚了些。

现在，我猜想你们中间很多人，也许是绝大多数人，正在琢磨，”能做什么？我究竟有没有前途？“当然没有。太晚了，你们已经吸收了太多东西，以为自己懂得太多。你们再也不是19岁了。你们有了``内置``的帽子，哦，我指的可不是你们脑袋上的学位帽。

嗯......你们已经非常沮丧啦。这是可以理解的。所以，现在可能是讨论实质的时候啦---绝不是为了你们，2000年毕业生。你们已经被报销，不予考虑了。我想，你们就偷偷摸摸去干那年薪20万的可怜工作吧，在那里，工资单是由你两年前辍学的同班同学签字开出来的。事实上，我是寄希望于眼下还没有毕业 的同学。我要对他们说，离开这里。收拾好你的东西，带着你的点子，别再回来。退学吧，开始行动。

我要告诉你，一顶帽子一套学位服必然要让你沦落......就像这些保安马上要把我从这个讲台上撵走一样必然......（此时，拉里埃里森被带离了讲台）

I have been to the mountaintop

马丁·路德·金：

Thank you very kindly, my friends.As I listened to Ralph Abernathy and his eloquent and generous introduction and then thought about myself, I wondered who he was talking about.It's always good to have your closest friend and associate to say something good about you.And Ralph Abernathy is the best friend that I have in the world.I'm delighted to see each of you here tonight in spite of a storm warning.You reveal that you are determined to go on anyhow.Something is happening in Memphis;something is happening in our world.And you know, if I were standing at the beginning of time, with the possibility of taking a kind of general and panoramic view of the whole of human history up to now, and the Almighty said to me, ”Martin Luther King, which age would you like to live in?“ I would take my mental flight by Egypt and I would watch God's children in their magnificent trek from the dark dungeons of Egypt through, or rather across the Red Sea, through the wilderness on

toward the promised land.And in spite of its magnificence, I wouldn't stop there.I would move on by Greece and take my mind to Mount Olympus.And I would see Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Euripides and Aristophanes assembled around the Parthenon.And I would watch them around the Parthenon as they discussed the great and eternal issues of reality.But I wouldn't stop there.I would go on, even to the great heyday of the Roman Empire.And I would see developments around there, through various emperors and leaders.But I wouldn't stop there.I would even come up to the day of the Renaissance, and get a quick picture of all that the Renaissance did for the cultural and aesthetic life of man.But I wouldn't stop there.I would even go by the way that the man for whom I am named had his habitat.And I would watch Martin Luther as he tacked his ninety-five theses on the door at the church of Wittenberg.But I wouldn't stop there.I would come on up even to 1863, and watch a vacillating President by the name of Abraham Lincoln finally come to the conclusion that he had to sign the Emancipation Proclamation.But I wouldn't stop there.I would even come up to the early thirties, and see a man grappling with the problems of the bankruptcy of his nation.And come with an eloquent cry that we have nothing to fear but ”fear itself.“ But I wouldn't stop there.Strangely enough, I would turn to the Almighty, and say, ”If you allow me to live just a few years in the second half of the 20th century, I will be happy.“ Now that's a strange statement to make, because the world is all messed up.The nation is sick.Trouble is in the land;confusion all around.That's a strange statement.But I know, somehow, that only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.And I see God working in this period of the twentieth century in a way that men, in some strange way, are responding.Something is happening in our world.The masses of people are rising up.And wherever they are assembled today, whether they are in Johannesburg, South Africa;Nairobi, Kenya;Accra, Ghana;New York City;Atlanta, Georgia;

Jackson, Mississippi;or Memphis, Tennessee--the cry is always the same: ”We want to be free.“

And another reason that I'm happy to live in this period is that we have been forced to a point where we are going to have to grapple with the problems that men have been trying to grapple with through history, but the demands didn't force them to do it.Survival demands that we grapple with them.Men, for years now, have been talking about war and peace.But now, no longer can they just talk about it.It is no longer a choice between violence and nonviolence in this world;it's nonviolence or nonexistence.That is where we are today.And also in the human rights revolution, if something isn't done, and done in a hurry, to bring the colored peoples of the world out of their long years of poverty, their long years of hurt and neglect, the whole world is doomed.Now, I'm just happy that God has allowed me to live in this period to see what is unfolding.And I'm happy that He's allowed me to be in Memphis.I can remember--I can remember when Negroes were just going around as Ralph has said, so often, scratching

where they didn't itch, and laughing when they were not tickled.But that day is all over.We mean business now, and we are determined to gain our rightful place in God's world.And that's all this whole thing is about.We aren't engaged in any negative protest and in any negative arguments with anybody.We are saying that we are determined to be men.We are determined to be people.We are saying--We are saying that we are God's children.And that we are God's children, we don't have to live like we are forced to live.Now, what does all of this mean in this great period of history? It means that we've got to stay together.We've got to stay together and maintain unity.You know, whenever Pharaoh wanted to prolong the period of slavery in Egypt, he had a favorite, favorite formula for doing it.What was that? He kept the slaves fighting among themselves.But whenever the slaves get together, something happens in Pharaoh's court, and he cannot hold the slaves in slavery.When the slaves get together, that's the beginning of getting out of slavery.Now let us maintain unity.Secondly, let us keep the issues where they are.The issue is injustice.The issue is the refusal of Memphis to be fair and honest in its dealings with its public servants, who happen to be sanitation workers.Now, we've got to keep attention on that.That's always the problem with a little violence.You know what happened the other day, and the press dealt only with the window-breaking.I read the articles.They very seldom got around to mentioning the fact that one thousand, three hundred sanitation workers are on strike, and that Memphis is not being fair to them, and that Mayor Loeb is in dire need of a doctor.They didn't get around to that.Now we're going to march again, and we've got to march again, in order to put the issue where it is supposed to be--and force everybody to see that there are thirteen hundred of God's children here suffering, sometimes going hungry, going through dark and dreary nights wondering how this thing is going to come out.That's the issue.And we've got to say to the nation: We know how it's coming out.For when people get caught up with that which is right and they are willing to sacrifice for it, there is no stopping point short of victory.We aren't going to let any mace stop us.We are masters in our nonviolent movement in disarming police forces;they don't know what to do.I've seen them so often.I remember in Birmingham, Alabama, when we were in that majestic struggle there, we would move out of the 16th Street Baptist Church day after day;by the hundreds we would move out.And Bull Connor would tell them to send the dogs forth, and they did come;but we just went before the dogs singing, ”Ain't gonna let nobody turn me around.“Bull Connor next would say, ”Turn the fire hoses on.“ And as I said to you the other night, Bull Connor didn't know history.He knew a kind of physics that somehow didn't relate to the transphysics that we knew about.And that was the fact that there was a certain kind of fire that no water could put out.And we went before the fire hoses;we had known water.If we were Baptist or some other denominations, we had been immersed.If we were Methodist, and some others, we had been sprinkled, but we knew water.That couldn't stop us.And we just went on before the dogs and we would look at them;and we'd go on before the water hoses and we would look at it, and we'd just go on singing ”Over my head

I see freedom in the air.“ And then we would be thrown in the paddy wagons, and sometimes we were stacked in there like sardines in a can.And they would throw us in, and old Bull would say, ”Take 'em off,“ and they did;and we would just go in the paddy wagon singing, ”We Shall Overcome.“ And every now and then we'd get in jail, and we'd see the jailers looking through the windows being moved by our prayers, and being moved by our words and our songs.And there was a power there which Bull Connor couldn't adjust to;and so we ended up transforming Bull into a steer, and we won our struggle in Birmingham.Now we've got to go on in Memphis just like that.I call upon you to be with us when we go out Monday.Now about injunctions: We have an injunction and we're going into court tomorrow morning to fight this illegal, unconstitutional injunction.All we say to America is, ”Be true to what you said on paper.“ If I lived in China or even Russia, or any totalitarian country, maybe I could understand some of these illegal injunctions.Maybe I could understand the denial of certain basic First Amendment privileges, because they hadn't committed themselves to that over there.But somewhere I read of the freedom of

assembly.Somewhere I read of the freedom of speech.Somewhere I read of the freedom of press.Somewhere I read that the greatness of America is the right to protest for right.And so just as I say, we aren't going to let dogs or water hoses turn us around, we aren't going to let any injunction turn us around.We are going on.We need all of you.And you know what's beautiful to me is to see all of these ministers of the Gospel.It's a marvelous picture.Who is it that is supposed to articulate the longings and aspirations of the people more than the preacher? Somehow the preacher must have a kind of fire shut up in his bones.And whenever injustice is around he tell it.Somehow the preacher must be an Amos, and saith, ”When God speaks who can but prophesy?“ Again with Amos, ”Let justice roll down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream.“ Somehow the preacher must say with Jesus, ”The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, because he hath anointed me,“ and he's anointed me to deal with the problems of the poor.”

And I want to commend the preachers, under the leadership of these noble men: James Lawson, one who has

been in this struggle for many years;he's been to jail for struggling;he's been kicked out of Vanderbilt University for this struggle, but he's still going on, fighting for the rights of his people.Reverend Ralph Jackson, Billy Kiles;I could just go right on down the list, but time will not permit.But I want to thank all of them.And I want you to thank them, because so often, preachers aren't concerned about anything but themselves.And I'm always happy to see a relevant ministry.It's all right to talk about “long white robes over yonder,” in all of its symbolism.But ultimately people want some suits and dresses and shoes to wear down here!It's all right to talk about “streets flowing with milk and honey,” but God has commanded us to be concerned about the slums down here, and his children who can't eat three square meals a day.It's all right to talk about the new Jerusalem, but one day, God's preacher must talk about the new New York, the new Atlanta, the new Philadelphia, the new Los Angeles, the new Memphis, Tennessee.This is what we have to do.Now the other thing we'll have to do is this: Always anchor our external direct action with the power of economic withdrawal.Now, we are poor people.Individually, we are poor when you compare us with white society in America.We are poor.Never stop and forget that collectively--that means all of us together--collectively we are richer than all the nations in the world, with the exception of nine.Did you ever think about that? After you leave the United States, Soviet Russia, Great Britain, West Germany, France, and I could name the others, the American Negro collectively is richer than most nations of the world.We have an annual income of more than thirty billion dollars a year, which is more than all of the exports of the United States, and more than the national budget of Canada.Did you know that? That's power right there, if we know how to pool it.We don't have to argue with anybody.We don't have to curse and go around acting bad with our words.We don't need any bricks and bottles.We don't need any Molotov cocktails.We just need to go around to these stores, and to these massive industries in our country, and say, “God sent us by here, to say to you that you're not treating his children

right.And we've come by here to ask you to make the first item on your agenda fair treatment, where God's children are concerned.Now, if you are not prepared to do that, we do have an agenda that we must follow.And our agenda calls for withdrawing economic support from you.”

And so, as a result of this, we are asking you tonight, to go out and tell your neighbors not to buy Coca-Cola in Memphis.Go by and tell them not to buy Sealtest milk.Tell them not to buy--what is the other bread?--Wonder Bread.And what is the other bread company, Jesse? Tell them not to buy Hart's bread.As Jesse Jackson has said, up to now, only the garbage men have been feeling pain;now we must kind of redistribute the pain.We are choosing these companies because they haven't been fair in their hiring policies;and we are choosing them because they can begin the process of saying they are going to support the needs and the rights of these men who are on strike.And then they can move on town--downtown and tell Mayor Loeb to do what is right.But not only that, we've got to strengthen black institutions.I call upon you to take your money out of the

banks downtown and deposit your money in Tri-State Bank.We want a “bank-in” movement in Memphis.Go by the savings and loan association.I'm not asking you something that we don't do ourselves at SCLC.Judge Hooks and others will tell you that we have an account here in the savings and loan association from the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.We are telling you to follow what we are doing.Put your money there.You have six or seven black insurance companies here in the city of Memphis.Take out your insurance there.We want to have an “insurance-in.”

Now these are some practical things that we can do.We begin the process of building a greater economic base.And at the same time, we are putting pressure where it really hurts.I ask you to follow through here.Now, let me say as I move to my conclusion that we've got to give ourselves to this struggle until the end.Nothing would be more tragic than to stop at this point in Memphis.We've got to see it through.And when we have our march, you need to be there.If it means leaving work, if it means leaving school--be there.Be concerned about your brother.You may not be on strike.But either we go up together, or we go down together.Let us develop a kind of dangerous unselfishness.One day a man came to Jesus, and he wanted to raise some questions about some vital matters of life.At points he wanted to trick Jesus, and show him that he knew a little more than Jesus knew and throw him off base....Now that question could have easily ended up in a philosophical and theological debate.But Jesus immediately pulled that question from mid-air, and placed it on a dangerous curve between Jerusalem and Jericho.And he talked about a certain man, who fell among thieves.You remember that a Levite and a priest passed by on the other side.They didn't stop to help him.And finally a man of another race came by.He got down from his beast, decided not to be compassionate by proxy.But he got down with him, administered first aid, and helped the man in need.Jesus ended up saying, this was the good man, this was the great man, because he had the capacity to project the “I” into the “thou,” and to be concerned about his brother.Now you know, we use our imagination a great deal to try to determine why the priest and the Levite didn't stop.At times we say they were busy going to a church meeting, an ecclesiastical gathering, and they had to get on down to Jerusalem so they wouldn't be late for their meeting.At other times we would speculate that there was a religious law that “One who was engaged in religious ceremonials was not to touch a human body twenty-four hours before the ceremony.” And every now and then we begin to wonder whether maybe they were not going down to Jerusalem--or down to Jericho, rather to organize a “Jericho Road Improvement Association.” That's a possibility.Maybe they felt that it was better to deal with the problem from the causal root, rather than to get bogged down with an individual effect.But I'm going to tell you what my imagination tells me.It's possible that those men were afraid.You see, the Jericho road is a dangerous road.I remember when Mrs.King and I were first in Jerusalem.We rented a car and drove from Jerusalem down to Jericho.And as soon as we got on that road, I said to my wife, “I can see why Jesus used this as the setting for his parable.” It's a winding，meandering road.It's really conducive for ambushing.You start out in Jerusalem, which is about 1200 miles--or rather 1200 feet above sea level.And by the time you get down to Jericho, fifteen or twenty minutes later, you're about 2200 feet below sea level.That's a dangerous road.In the days of Jesus it came to be known as the “Bloody Pass.” And you know, it's possible that the priest and the Levite looked over that man on the ground and wondered if the robbers were still around.Or it's possible that they felt that the man on the ground was merely faking.And he was acting like he had been robbed and hurt, in order to seize them over there, lure them there for quick and easy seizure.And so the first question that the priest asked--the first question that the Levite asked was, “If I stop to help this man, what will happen to me?” But then the Good Samaritan came by.And he reversed the question: “If I do not stop to help this man, what will happen to him?”

That's the question before you tonight.Not, “If I stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to my job.Not, ”If I stop to help the sanitation workers what will happen to all of the hours that I usually spend in my office every day and every week as a pastor?“ The question is not, ”If I stop

to help this man in need, what will happen to me?“ The question is, ”If I do not stop to help the sanitation workers, what will happen to them?“ That's the question.Let us rise up tonight with a greater readiness.Let us stand with a greater determination.And let us move on in these powerful days, these days of challenge to make America what it ought to be.We have an opportunity to make America a better nation.And I want to thank God, once more, for allowing me to be here with you.You know, several years ago, I was in New York City autographing the first book that I had written.And while sitting there autographing books, a demented black woman came up.The only question I heard from her was, ”Are you Martin Luther King?“ And I was looking down writing, and I said, ”Yes.“ And the next minute I felt something beating on my chest.Before I knew it I had been stabbed by this demented woman.I was rushed to Harlem Hospital.It was a dark Saturday afternoon.And that blade had gone through, and the X-rays revealed that the tip of the blade was on the edge of my aorta, the main artery.And once

that's punctured, your drowned in your own blood--that's the end of you.It came out in the New York Times the next morning, that if I had merely sneezed, I would have died.Well, about four days later, they allowed me, after the operation, after my chest had been opened, and the blade had been taken out, to move around in the wheel chair in the hospital.They allowed me to read some of the mail that came in, and from all over the states and the world, kind letters came in.I read a few, but one of them I will never forget.I had received one from the President and the Vice-President.I've forgotten what those telegrams said.I'd received a visit and a letter from the Governor of New York, but I've forgotten what that letter said.But there was another letter that came from a little girl, a young girl who was a student at the White Plains High School.And I looked at that letter, and I'll never forget it.It said simply，Dear Dr.King，I am a ninth-grade student at the White Plains High School.” And she said,While it should not matter, I would like to mention that I'm a white girl.I read in the paper of

your misfortune, and of your suffering.And I read that if you had sneezed, you would have died.And I'm simply writing you to say that I'm so happy that you didn't sneeze.And I want to say tonight--I want to say tonight that I too am happy that I didn't sneeze.Because if I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1960, when students all over the South started sitting-in at lunch counters.And I knew that as they were sitting in, they were really standing up for the best in the American dream, and taking the whole nation back to those great wells of democracy which were dug deep by the Founding Fathers in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1961, when we decided to take a ride for freedom and ended segregation in inter-state travel.If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been around here in 1962, when Negroes in Albany, Georgia, decided to straighten their backs up.And whenever men and women straighten their backs up, they are going somewhere, because a man can't ride your back unless it is bent.If I had sneezed--If I had sneezed I wouldn't have been here in 1963, when the black people of Birmingham, Alabama, aroused the conscience of this nation, and brought into being the Civil Rights Bill.If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have had a chance later that year, in August, to try to tell America about a dream that I had had.If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been down in Selma, Alabama, to see the great Movement there.If I had sneezed, I wouldn't have been in Memphis to see a community rally around those brothers and sisters who are suffering.And they were telling me--.Now, it doesn't matter, now.It really doesn't matter what happens now.I left Atlanta this morning, and as we got started on the plane, there were six of us.The pilot said over the public address system, “We are sorry for the delay, but we have Dr.Martin Luther King on the plane.And to be sure that all of the bags were checked, and to be sure that nothing would be wrong with on the

plane, we had to check out everything carefully.And we've had the plane protected and guarded all night.”

And then I got into Memphis.And some began to say the threats, or talk about the threats that were out.What would happen to me from some of our sick white brothers?

Well, I don't know what will happen now.We've got some difficult days ahead.But it really doesn't matter with me now, because I've been to the mountaintop.And I don't mind.Like anybody, I would like to live a long life.Longevity has its place.But I'm not concerned about that now.I just want to do God's will.And He's allowed me to go up to the mountain.And I've looked over.And I've seen the Promised Land.I may not get there with you.But I want you to know tonight, that we, as a people, will get to the promised land!And so I'm happy, tonight.I'm not worried about anything.I'm not fearing any man!Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord！

马丁·路德·金衷心感谢你们，我的朋友们。我在听拉尔夫·阿伯纳西演讲和他流利而又充满溢美之词的介绍时，我在反省着自己，我在想他谈论的那个人是否就是我。当你最好的朋友和伙伴说你好话的时候，感觉总是很美。拉尔夫·阿伯纳西是我在这个世界上最好的朋友。尽管外面风声很紧，但我很高兴看到今晚诸位依然前来这里听我布道，你们的到来说明你们有决心无论如何都要把争民权运动继续下去。一些事情正在孟菲斯发生着，一些事情正在这个世界上发生着。诸位知道，如果我站在人类历史的开端，尽可能地用一种全方位的镜头审视人类至今的历史，万能的主对我说：“马丁·路德·金，你愿意生活在哪一个时代？”我愿意把思绪放飞到古埃及，我愿意看到上帝的子民从暗无天日的埃及地牢逃出、跨过红海、穿越荒野、奔向应许之地的伟大征程。尽管那情景壮丽宏大，但我不会停留在那里。我愿意继续前行，来到古希腊，把我的思绪放飞到奥林匹斯山，我愿意看到柏拉图、亚里士多德、苏格拉底、欧里庇得斯以及阿里斯托芬聚集在帕台农神庙，我愿意看到他们聚集在那里坐而论道，纵论现实生活中伟大而又永恒的问题。但我不会停留在那里。我愿意继续前行，甚至来到罗马帝国最辉煌鼎盛的时期。我愿意看到那里经过几代帝王和领袖的统治，欣欣向荣。但我不会停留在那里。我愿意来到文艺复兴时期，快速地浏览一下文艺复兴给人们的文化和审美带来的影响。但我不会停留在那里。我甚至愿意去体会那个人在其陋室里修行的生活，我愿意看到马丁·路德把他的九十五条钉在威登堡教堂大门上的壮举。但我不会停留在那里。我甚至愿意来到1863年，愿意看到犹

豫不决的亚伯拉罕·林肯总统终于下定决心签署《解放黑奴宣言》。但我不会停留在那里。我甚至愿意来到30年代早期，愿意看到一个人正在为破产的国家苦苦思索出路。终于，他以雄辩的口才说出，我们所恐惧的唯有“恐惧本身”。但我不会停留在那里。非常奇怪地，我转向万能的主，对他说：“如果您允许我活到20世纪下半叶之后的若干年，我将感到非常幸福。”这是一个奇怪的想法，因为当今世界一团糟。国家像一个病人，危机四伏，一片混乱。这确实是一个奇怪的想法，但是我知道，只有在黑夜里你才可以看见星星。我看到上帝正在20世纪的这个年代以某种方式发挥着作用，而人类以一种奇怪的方式应和着上帝。一些事情正在这个世界上发生着。人民大众正在崛起。今天无论他们在哪里集会，无论他们在南非的约翰内斯堡、肯尼亚的奈洛比、加纳的阿克拉，还是美国的纽约、佐治亚州的亚特兰大及密西西比州的杰克逊市或者田纳西州的孟菲斯市——他们的呼声总是相同的：“我们要自由！”生活在这个年代让我感到幸福的另外一个理由是，我们被迫来到了一个我们即将抓住这个问题并必须予以解决之的时点上。有史以来人们一直试图解决这个问题，但是过去的需求并没迫使他们去把这个问题解决掉。现在生存危机需要我们尽全力解决这个问题。很多年来人民一直在讨论战争与和平。但是今天，人们不能仅仅谈论战争与和平了。在这个世界上不再是暴力和非暴力二选一的问题，而是要么非暴力，要么非生存。这就是我们今天的处境。同样，在人权革命中，如果不采取措施或者不采取紧急措施，把世界上的有色人种从长年累月的贫困中解救出来，不把他们从常年

伤害和漠视中解放出来，那么这个世界注定要完蛋。不过，我很高兴上帝允许我生活在这样一个可以看到历史画卷正在展开的时代，并且很高兴上帝允许我来到了孟菲斯市。我记得——我记得当黑人们曾经四处游荡找不到支点——正像拉尔夫说过的那样——黑人们四处游荡找不到支点，或者隔靴搔痒或者无所适从。但是那样的日子一去不返了。我们是认真的，而且我们下定决心在上帝的世界里我们赢得自己合法的地位。我们现在所做的就是为了这个目的。我们从事的不是消极抗议，也不是和某人的消极争论。我们说我们决心成为一个大写的人，我们决心成为人民——我们说我们是上帝的子民。我们是上帝的子民，我们不必在别人的压迫下讨生活。在这个伟大的历史时期这意味着什么？它意味着我们必须团结起来。我们必须团结起来，万众一心。我们知道，每当法老想延长埃及奴隶制度的寿命时，他就有灵丹妙药。是什么灵丹妙药呢？那就是他让奴隶们不停地内斗。但是一旦奴隶们走到了一起，在法老的宫廷里，奇怪的事情发生了，法老再也不能维持奴隶制度了。当奴隶们团结在一起的时候，那就是奴隶制灭亡的开始。现在就让我们团结起来吧。第二，让我们集中精力对付现在的问题。不公平是一个问题。孟菲斯市在对待其公共服务人员时缺乏公平和诚心，碰巧这些公务服务人员是城市清洁工人，这是一个问题。现在我们必须全力以赴来对付这个问题。比较棘手的问题是发生零星暴力事件。诸位知道前天发生的事情，报刊只会报道类似砸窗户玻璃这样的暴力事件。我阅读了这些报道。记者们很少提到造成孟菲斯市1300名环卫工人罢工事实的原因，很少提到孟菲斯市1300名

环卫工人的不公正待遇，很少提到勒伯市长急需一位“医生”。记者们没提这些。现在为了就地解决这个问题，我们将再次游行，并且必须再次游行，让世人看看，在这里有1300名上帝子民正在受难，有时还要挨饿，有时要度过漆黑忧郁的夜晚，因为他们不知道将来事情如何了结。这就是目前的问题。我们务必向全国人民说明：我们知道事情如何了结。因为一旦人们明白什么是正确的并愿意为了真理而牺牲的时候，不达胜利是不会罢休的。催泪瓦斯不会阻止我们的步伐，我们是非暴力运动的主人，不会引起警察们的敌意，他们拿我们无可奈何。我常常和他们“碰面”。我记得在阿拉巴马州的伯明翰市，当我们举行大规模抗议斗争的时候，我们日复一日常常出没于浸信会教堂第十六大街，常常是数百人一伙。警察局局长“公牛”康纳命令部下出动警犬，警犬的确出动了，但是我们仍然出现在警犬面前，大声唱着“我们不许任何人让我们转身离开”。“公牛”康纳接着说道：“把高压水龙头打开喷他们。”正如我前晚告诉过你们的那样，“公牛”康纳不懂历史。他懂得一点物理知识，但是他不懂“变换物理学”知识，而我们懂得。事实是我们内心的怒火是不可能被高压水龙头扑灭的。于是我们出现在了高压水龙头面前，我们早已见识过这种场面。如果我们中的一些人是浸信会教友或其宗教派别，我们早已受过洗礼。如果我们中的一些人是卫理公会教徒或其宗教派别，我们早已被水喷洒过。我们早识水性，高压水龙头阻止不了我们。所以我们在警犬面前继续前行，勇敢面对它们；我们在高压水龙头面前继续前行，勇敢面对它们。我们边走边唱“仰望天空，我看到了自由”。后

来警察把我们塞到了警车里，像罐头里的沙丁鱼一样挤在一起。警察们还在把我们往警车里拽，老“公牛”就说：“把他们拉下来。”于是警察们把我们中的一些人拉下了警车。其余的人随着警车边走边唱：“我们必将取得胜利。”我们不时会被关进监狱，我们看到狱卒隔着铁窗望进来，被我们的声声祈祷和阵阵歌声所感动。监狱里有一股“公牛”康纳适应不了的力量，因此最终我们把这头“公牛”变成了一头“阉牛”，我们取得了伯明翰市斗争的胜利。现在我们必须在孟菲斯市继续做同样的事情。我号召你们和我们一起参加周一的游行。„„在快结束布道前，我要说我们必须全身心投入本次的斗争中直到结束。如果现在就结束我们在孟菲斯的抗议活动，那将是最为悲哀的一件事。我们必须看到最终结果。当我们下周一游行时，我要求你们都参加。如果那意味着你要离开工作岗位或离开学校——你们也要参加。关心一下你们的兄弟吧。你们可以不参加罢工，但是我们休戚相关，一荣俱荣，一损俱损。让我们培养一种带有危险性的无私精神吧。一天，一个人来到耶稣身边，他想问几个有关生命意义的重要问题。起初他想蒙骗耶稣，向耶稣炫耀他懂得的道理比耶稣还多一点，想给耶稣来个下马威„„本来耶稣对他提的问题可以很轻易地在哲学和神学的讨论中解决掉。但是耶稣很快就把他的问题从半空中扯了下来，将其置于耶路撒冷和杰里科之间的危险弯道上。耶稣讲到了一个人，这个人在经过那个危险弯道时落入了盗贼之手。此时一位利未人和一位神父刚好路过。但是他们没有停下脚步帮助那位落入贼人之手的人。后来另外一个种族的人经过那里，他从胯下的怪兽身上跳了

下来，一开始并不打算管闲事。但最终他还是出手了，对路人实施了急救，并帮助了这位急于寻求救助的人。最后耶稣说道，这是一个好人，是一个了不起的人，因为他有能力把“我”投射到“你”身上，因为他关心他的兄弟。现在你们知道，我们充分利用我们的想象力来试图分析为什么那位利未人和神父没有停下来解救路人。有时候我们会说，他们可能正赶路去参加一个教堂聚会吧，而且是教会组织的聚会，他们必须马不停蹄地赶往耶路撒冷，否则就可能迟到。有时候我们又会揣测说，有一条宗教法律是这么规定的：“在参加宗教仪式之前的二十四小时内不得接触凡人的身体。”而有时我们开始怀疑他们不是赶往耶路撒冷或杰里科，而是去组织一个“杰里科路况改善协会”。这是一种可能性。也许他们觉得，对付这类问题最好的办法是从根上找原因，而不是为了个别人而陷入困境。但是我要告诉你们我所能够想到的理由。很可能那两个人心中充满恐惧。你们知道，杰里科路况险恶。我记得我和夫人第一次到耶路撒冷的情形。我们租了一辆小汽车，从耶路撒冷一路开到杰里科。一上路，我就对我妻子说：“怪不得耶稣用这条道路为场景来安排他的寓言故事。”这是一条九曲十八弯的路，确实是强人做埋伏的好地方。从海拔大约1200公里——更确切地说，是1200英尺的耶路撒冷出发，一路向杰里科进发，15分钟或20分钟后到达目的地，这里的海拔已经是2200英尺。这确实是一条危机四伏的道路，在耶稣那个时代就以“血路”闻名于世。因此，那位利未人和神父远远望过去那位躺在路上的人，可能心里盘算着周围是否还有强盗。或者还有一种可能，就是他们觉得那个

躺在地上的人只是在假装，他假装遭到了打劫，受到了伤害，目的就是诱骗他们过去然后将他俩一网打尽。因此神父问的第一个问题——也是那个利未人问的第一个问题就是：“假如我停下来去帮助他，我会发生什么事？”但是随后那位好心的撒马利亚人过来了，他问了一个相反的问题：“假如我不停下来去帮助他，他会发生什么事？”这就是今晚摆在你们面前的问题。不是“假如我停下来去帮助环卫工人，我的工作怎么办？”不是“假如我停下来去帮助环卫工人，我作为牧师损失的在办公室办公的时间怎么办？”问题不是“假如我停下来去帮助那个需要帮助的人，我会发生什么事？”问题是“假如我不停下来去帮助这些环卫工人，他们会发生什么事？”这才是问题所在。今晚让我们怀着更大的心理准备振作起来，让我们怀着更大的决心站立起来。让我们在这些充满暴风雨的日子里勇往直前，这些日子里将会充满挑战，这些挑战会让美国成为她应该成为的一个国家。我们有机会把美国变成一个更加美好的国家。我要再次感谢上帝，是他允许我来到这里和你们站在一起。众所周知，几年前，我在纽约签售我写的第一本书。当我坐下来正在书上签名的时候，一名精神错乱的黑人妇女走上前来。我听到她问的唯一问题是：“你是马丁·路德·金吗？”我正埋头签名，便回答说：“是的。”下一刻我便感到什么东西打在了我的胸口。当我明白是怎么一回事的时候，我已经被这个精神错乱的妇女刺中了。我被紧急送到了哈林医院。那是一个阴暗的星期六下午。尖刀刺透了我的胸膛，X光片显示刀尖紧贴着我的动脉，而且是主动脉。一旦主动脉破裂，你就会倒在血泊之中——那

可就完蛋了。第二天早上的纽约时报报道说，假如我当时打个轻微的喷嚏，我将必死无疑。我做了开胸手术，尖刀被取了出来，大概四天之后，医生允许我坐在轮椅上在医院四处活动。医生允许我阅读来自全国乃至世界各地的祝福信。我读了一些，但其中的一封我永远不会忘记。我收到了总统和副总统写给我的信，但是我已经忘记了电传里的内容。我收到了纽约州长的信，并且他还亲自探望过我，但是我已经忘记了他信里的内容。但是有一封来自怀特普莱斯中学一位小女孩的信，我看了后，再也不会忘记。她在信中简单地写道：“亲爱的金博士：我是一个来自怀特普莱斯中学九年级的学生。” 她写道，“尽管这无关紧要，但是我还是想说，我是一个白人女孩。我从报纸上读到了你的不幸遭遇以及你的痛苦。报纸上还说，如果你当时打个喷嚏，将必死无疑。我写这封信就是想告诉你，我很高兴你当时没有打喷嚏。”今晚我想对诸位说，我非常高兴当时我没有打喷嚏。因为假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会在1960年来到此地，那年所有南方的学生都开始举行小餐馆室内静坐抗议活动。我知道，当他们坐下来的时候，实际上他们正在站起来为美国梦中最美好的理想而斗争，他们正在把整个国家推向由国父们用《独立宣言》及《宪法》给我们深深培育好的民主“大潮”之中。假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会在1961年来到此地，那一年，我们为了争取黑人坐车自由和结束种族隔离决定发起州际乘车旅行运动。假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会在1962年来到此地，那一年，佐治亚州奥尔巴尼市的黑人们决定挺直腰杆。每当人们挺直腰杆的时候，他们就要四处走走，因为一个人是不能够骑在你身上的，除非你弯下了腰。假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会在1963年来到此地，那年阿拉巴马州伯明翰市的黑人们用他们的行动唤起了国人的良知，最终产生了《民权法案》。假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会有机会在那年的8月试图告诉美国人我曾经怀有的一个梦想。假如我打了喷嚏，我就不会南下阿拉巴马州，到塞尔玛市见证那里的大游行。假如我打了喷嚏，今天我就不会在孟菲斯市看到围绕在受苦受难的兄弟姐妹身边的群众集会。我很高兴当时我没有打喷嚏。他们告诉我——现在，现在发生什么确实于我无关紧要。今天早上我离开亚特兰大，就在我们一行六人开始登机的时候，飞行员通过机内广播系统说道：“我们很抱歉飞机晚点起飞，因为马丁·路德·金博士在这架飞机上。为了确保所有的包裹被检查一遍，为了确保本次航行不出任何差错，我们不得不仔细检查，而且我们整晚都会保护和守卫这架飞机。”当我到达孟菲斯市的时候，一些人开始散布威胁我的话，另外一些人在谈论这些威胁。我们某些病态的白人兄弟将会对我采取什么行动？我不知道将会发生什么。我们还将面临艰苦岁月。但是现在对我而言已不重要，因为我已经站在了山巅之上。我不在乎将会发生什么。像所有的人一样，我也渴望能够活得久一点。但生死由命，现在我已将其置之度外。我只想按上帝旨意行事。他已允许我站在了山巅之上。我环视四周，我看到了应许之地。我也许不能和你们一起到达那里，但是今晚我要你们知道，我们民族一定能够达到那里！因此，今晚我很幸福。我不担心任何不测，我不惧怕任何人！我的眼睛里充满着上帝赐予我的光辉！