奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲文本(中英对照)

第一篇：奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲文本(中英对照)

世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com 奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲文本（中英对照）

Nong hao!Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)侬好(上海话)！诸位下午好。我感到很荣幸能够有机会到上海跟你们交谈，我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他是我们两国间深厚的纽带。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得很好。

What I'd like to do is to make some opening remarks, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天准备这样，先做一个开场白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题，不但回答在座的学生问题，同时还可以从网上得到一些问题，由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉，我的中文远不如你们的英文，所以我期待和你们的对话。

This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.这是我首次访问中国，我看到你们博大的国家，感到很兴奋。在上海这里，我们看到了瞩目的增长，高耸的塔楼，繁忙的街道，还有企业家的精神。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时我也急切的要看到向我们展现中国古老的古迹，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄伟壮丽的故宫和令人叹为观止的长城，这个国度既有丰富的历史，又有对未来憧憬的信念。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在其后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，而即使在最动荡的方向中，我们的两国人民也打造了很深的，甚至有戏剧性的纽带，比如美国人永远不会忘记，在二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，当地人民对他们的款待，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险保护着他们。而参加二战的中国老兵仍然欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们在那里参战。

A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us„The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.40年前，我们两国间开启了又一种联系，两国关系开始解冻，通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧，但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人员所说的一样，那的国家就是一样，但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世，最终还带来了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly 5 billion--today it tops over 400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年中美贸易仅有50亿美元，而今天美中贸易已经接近4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响人民的生活，比如美国电脑中许多部件，还有穿的衣服都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口中国工业要使用的机器，这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡，繁荣的范围将进一步扩大。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.1979年，美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们有着积极合作和全面的关系，为我们在当前重大的全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括经济复苏、洁净能源的开发、制止核武器扩散以及应对气候变化。还有在亚洲及全球各地促进和平和稳定，所有这些问题我明天与胡主席会谈时都会谈到。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年的时候，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。当年在乒乓球领域的好奇如今已延伸到许多领域，美国现在数量最多的留学生都来自中国。而在美国的学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，美中科学家在许多新的研究领域和发现领域进行合作。我们两国人民都热爱篮球，姚明就是个例子。不过，此行中我不能观看上海鲨鱼队的比赛，有点遗憾。

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中国有句古言，温故而知新。当然，我们过去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑战，我们的关系并不是没有困难的，没有分歧的。“但是我们必须一定是对手”的这种想法不应该是一成不变的。由于我们两国的合作，美中两国都变得更加繁荣、更加安全。我们基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。

And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.不过，这种接触的成功要取决于我们要彼此了解，要能够进行开诚布公的对话，彼此进行了解。就像当年美国乒乓球运动员所说的，我们作为人有着共同的向往，但是我们两国又不同。

Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我有一个非常简单的向往，代表了一些核心的原则，就是所有的人生来平等，都有着基本的权利，而政府应当反映人们的意志，贸易应该是开放的，信息流通应当是自由的，而法律要保证这个公平。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.当然，我们的国家历史也不是没有过困难的地方，从很多方面来讲，很多年以来，我们是通过斗争来促进这些原则或者使所有的人民能够享受到。为了缔造一个更完美的联合，我们也打过一个很痛苦的内战，把一部分我们被奴役的人口释放出来，经过一段时间才能使妇女有投票权，劳工有组织权，包括来自各地的移民能够全部被接受。即使他们被解放以后，非洲裔美国人也和美国人经过一些分开的、不平等的条件，经过一段时间才争取到全面的平等权利。

None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有这些是不容易的。但是我们对这些核心原则的信念使我们取得了进展，在最黑暗的风暴当中作为我们的指南针。这是为什么林肯在内战期间站起来说过，任何一个国家以自由、以所有人类平等的原则能够长久的存在，也就是为什么马丁·路德·金博士在林肯纪念馆的前台站起来，说我们国家要必须真正的实现我们的信念。也就是为什么来自中国或者肯尼亚的移民能够到我们的家，也是为什么一个不到50年前在某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在就能够做到那个国家的总统。

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.这就是为什么美国永远为了全世界各地的核心原则说话，我们不寻求把任何政治体制强制给任何国家，但是我们也不认为我们所支持的这些原则是我们国家所独有的，这些表达自由、宗教崇拜自由、接触信息的机会、政治的参与，我们认为这些是普世的权利，应该是所有人民能够享受到的，包括少数民族和宗教的族群，不管是在中国、美国和任何国家，对于普遍权利的尊敬，作为美国对其他国家的开放态度的指导原则，我们对其他文化的尊重，我们对国际法的承诺和对未来的信念的原则。

These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.所有这些都是你们知道关于美国的一些情况，我们有很多要从中国学习。我们看看这个伟大城市的各地，也看看这个房间，我就相信我们两国有很重要的共同点，也就是对未来的信念，不管是美国还是中国，对现在的成就不能感到自满。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，你们也是充满信心展望未来，致力于下一代能够比这一代做的更好。

第4页（共6页）

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.除了你们不断增长的经济之外，我们很配合中国在科学和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建设的基础设施和使用的技术，中国是世界上使用互联网技术最多的国家，这就是我们很高兴互联网是今天活动的一部分，这个国家也拥有最大的移动电话网络，对新的投资保持继续增长，应对气候变化方面有新的投资，我也希望两国加强这方面的合作。但是更重要是看到年轻人你们的才能、你们的献身精神、你们的梦想在21世纪实现方面会发挥很大的作用。

I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我说过很多次，我认为世界是互相连接的，我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的，而且是互相连接的，所以21世纪的实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反，我们欢迎中国作为一个国际社会的强的、繁荣的、成功的成员。

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.再回到刚才的谚语，我们应该考虑过去。在大的国家合作的时候，就比互相碰撞会取得更多的好处，这就是人类在历史上不断吸取的教训。我认为我们合作应该是超越政府间的合作，应该是以人民为基础的，我们所研究的内容、我们所从事的生意、我们所获得的知识、我们所进行的体育比赛„„所有这些桥梁必须是年轻人共同合作建立起来。

That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.这就是我为什么非常高兴我们要大大地宣布我们到中国学习的留学生人数，要增加到10万人。这样交流就会表现出我们是愿意致力于加强两国人民的联系，而且我是绝对有信心的。对美国来说，最好的大使、最好的使者就是年轻人，他们和你们一样，很有才能，充满活力，对未来的历史还是很乐观的。

第5页（共6页）

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.这是我们合作的下一步，惠及两国和全世界。今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断地向前推进。

So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)第6页（共6页）

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第二篇：奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲文本(中英对照)

世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com 奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲文本（中英对照）

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.而我们两国的关系也是如此，上海在美中关系的历史中是个具有意义的重大城市，在37年前，《上海公报》打开了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新的篇章。

Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在其后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，而即使在最动荡的方向中，我们的两国人民也打造了很深的，甚至有戏剧性的纽带，比如美国人永远不会忘记，在二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，当地人民对他们的款待，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险保护着他们。而参加二战的中国老兵仍然欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们在那里参战。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com 40年前，我们两国间开启了又一种联系，两国关系开始解冻，通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧，但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人员所说的一样，那的国家就是一样，但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世，最终还带来了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com 1979年的时候，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。当年在乒乓球领域的好奇如今已延伸到许多领域，美国现在数量最多的留学生都来自中国。而在美国的学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，美中科学家在许多新的研究领域和发现领域进行合作。我们两国人民都热爱篮球，姚明就是个例子。不过，此行中我不能观看上海鲨鱼队的比赛，有点遗憾。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我有一个非常简单的向往，代表了一些核心的原则，就是所有的人生来平等，都有着基本的权利，而政府应当反映人们的意志，贸易应该是开放的，信息流通应当是自由的，而法律要保证这个公平。

Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.当然，我们的国家历史也不是没有过困难的地方，从很多方面来讲，很多年以来，我们是通过斗争来促进这些原则或者使所有的人民能够享受到。为了缔造一个更完美的联合，我们也打过一个很痛苦的内战，把一部分我们被奴役的人口释放出来，经过一段时间才能使妇女有投票权，劳工有组织权，包括来自各地的移民能够全部被接受。即使他们被解放以后，非洲裔美国人也和美国人经过一些分开的、不平等的条件，经过一段时间才争取到全面的平等权利。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.这就是为什么美国永远为了全世界各地的核心原则说话，我们不寻求把任何政治体制强制给任何国家，但是我们也不认为我们所支持的这些原则是我们国家所独有的，这些表达自由、宗教崇拜自由、接触信息的机会、政治的参与，我们认为这些是普世的权利，应该是所有人民能够享受到的，包括少数民族和宗教的族群，不管是在中国、美国和任何国家，对于普遍权利的尊敬，作为美国对其他国家的开放态度的指导原则，我们对其他文化的尊重，我们对国际法的承诺和对未来的信念的原则。

In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.除了你们不断增长的经济之外，我们很配合中国在科学和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建设的基础设施和使用的技术，中国是世界上使用互联网技术最多的国家，这就是我们很高兴互联网是今天活动的一部分，这个国家也拥有最大的移动电话网络，对新的投资保持继续增长，应对气候变化方面有新的投资，我也希望两国加强这方面的合作。但是更重要是看到年轻人你们的才能、你们的献身精神、你们的梦想在21世纪实现方面会发挥很大的作用。

第6页（共8页）

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我说过很多次，我认为世界是互相连接的，我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的，而且是互相连接的，所以21世纪的实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反，我们欢迎中国作为一个国际社会的强的、繁荣的、成功的成员。

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.再回到刚才的谚语，我们应该考虑过去。在大的国家合作的时候，就比互相碰撞会取得更多的好处，这就是人类在历史上不断吸取的教训。我认为我们合作应该是超越政府间的合作，应该是以人民为基础的，我们所研究的内容、我们所从事的生意、我们所获得的知识、我们所进行的体育比赛……所有这些桥梁必须是年轻人共同合作建立起来。

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世纪金榜圆您梦想 www.xiexiebang.com 这是我们合作的下一步，惠及两国和全世界。今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断地向前推进。

So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)第8页（共8页）

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第三篇：奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲

THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, CITY COLLEGE OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-George, 0802, English

奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话会的演讲

侬好！诸位下午好。我感到很荣幸能够有机会到上海跟你们交谈，我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他是我们两国间深厚的纽带。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得很好。

What I'd like to do is to make some opening remarks(comments), and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天准备这样，先做一个开场白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题，不但回答在座的学生问题，同时还可以从网上得到一些问题，由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉，我的中文远不如你们的英文，所以我期待和你们的对话。

不过美国与这个国家的纽带可以追溯更久远的过去，追溯到美国独立的初期，乔治•华盛顿组织了皇后号的下水仪式，这个船成功前往大清王朝，华盛顿希望看到这艘船前往各地，与中国结成新的纽带。希望与中国开辟新的地平线，建立新的伙伴关系。

A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The] people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communiqué, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.40年前，我们两国间开启了又一种联系，两国关系开始解冻，通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧，但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人员所说的一样，那的国家就是一样，但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世，最终还带来了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年中美贸易仅有500亿美元，而今天美中贸易已经接近4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响人民的生活，比如美国电脑中许多部件，还有穿的衣服都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口中国工业要使用的机器，这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.在需求趋于平衡的过程中，这种贸易可以是更广阔的贸易。如今我们有着积极合作和全面的关系，为我们在当前重大的全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括经济复苏、洁净能源的开发、制止核武

/ 6 THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, CITY COLLEGE OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-George, 0802, English

器扩散以及应对气候变化。还有在亚洲及全球各地促进和平和稳定，所有这些问题我明天与胡主席会谈时都会谈到。

And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States comes from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年的时候，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。当年在乒乓球领域的好奇如今已延伸到许多领域，美国现在数量最多的留学生都来自中国。而在美国的学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，美中科学家在许多新的研究领域和发现领域进行合作。我们两国人民都热爱篮球，姚明就是个例子。不过，此行中我不能观看上海鲨鱼队的比赛，有点遗憾。

It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.我们两国之间的这种关系给我们带来了积极的变化，这并不是偶然的，中国使得亿万人民脱贫，而这种成就是人类历史上史无前例的。而中国在全球问题中也发挥更大的作用，美国也目睹了我们经济的成长。There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中国有句古言，温故而知新。当然，我们过去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑战，我们的关系并不是没有困难的，没有分歧的。“但是我们必须一定是对手”的这种想法不应该是一成不变的。由于我们两国的合作，美中两国都变得更加繁荣、更加安全。我们基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。

/ 6 THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, CITY COLLEGE OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-George, 0802, English

will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我有一个非常简单的向往，代表了一些核心的原则，就是所有的人生来平等，都有着基本的权利，而政府应当反映人们的意志，贸易应该是开放的，信息流通应当是自由的，而法律要保证这个公平。

None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有这些是不容易的。但是我们对这些核心原则的信念使我们取得了进展，在最黑暗的风暴当中作为我们的指南针。这是为什么林肯在内战期间站起来说过，任何一个国家以自由、以所有人类平等的原则能够长久的存在，也就是为什么金博士在林肯纪念馆的前台站起来，说我们国家要必须真正的实现我们的信念。也就是为什么来自中国或者肯尼亚的移民能够到我们的家，也是为什么一个不到50年前在某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在就能够做到那个国家的总统。

/ 6 THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, CITY COLLEGE OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-George, 0802, English

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.再回到刚才的谚语，我们应该考虑过去。在大的国家合作的时候，就比互相碰撞会取得更多的好处，这就是人类在历史上不断吸取的教训。我认为我们合作应该是超越政府间的合作，应该是以人民为基础的，我们所研究的内容、我们所从事的生意、我们所获得的知识、我们所进行的体育比赛……所有这些桥梁必须是年轻人共同合作建立起来。

/ 6 THE HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT, CITY COLLEGE OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-George, 0802, English

So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.这是我们合作的下一步，惠及两国和全世界。今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断地向前推进。So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause)非常感谢。现在欢迎各位提问题。

/ 6

第四篇：美国总统奥巴马在上海演讲(中英对照全文)

美国总统奥巴马在上海演讲（中英对照全文）2009年11月21日星期六 09:22 2009年11月16日, 首次访华的美国总统奥巴马在上海科技博物馆与数百名中国学生对话，在对话前，奥巴马发表了演讲。以下为奥巴马演讲的中英文对照全文。

PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)

奥巴马总统：你们好。能够有机会在上海跟你们大家交谈，我深感荣幸。我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还要感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他代表了我们两国之间的深远联系和相互尊重。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得不错。（笑声）

What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.我今天准备先做一个开场白，但我真正希望做的是回答问题，不但回答在座的学生提出的问题，同时也回答从网上提出的一些问题，这些问题由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你们的英文，但我期待着这个和你们对话的机会。

This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.这是我首次访问中国，看到你们壮丽的国家，我感到很兴奋。在上海，我们看到了全球瞩目的发展——高耸的大厦、繁忙的街道、创业的动态。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时，我也期盼看到向我们展现中国悠久历史的古迹。明天和后天我会在北京，希望有机会看到壮观的故宫和奇迹般的长城。的确，这是一个既有丰富的历史，又对未来的希望充满信心的国家。

The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.我们两国的关系也是如此。毫无疑问，上海在美中关系史上是一个具有重大意义的城市。正是在这里，37年前发布的《上海公报》（Shanghai Communique）开启了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新篇章。然而，美国与这个城市以及这个国家的纽带可以追溯到更久远的过去，直至美国独立初期。

In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.1784年，我们的建国之父乔治·华盛顿主持了“中国女皇号”（Empress of China）的下水仪式。这条船前往中国海岸，寻求与清朝通商。华盛顿希望看到这条悬挂美国国旗的船前往世界各地，与像中国这样的国家缔结新的纽带。这是通常的美国人的愿望——希望达到新的地平线，建立新的、互利的伙伴关系。

Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.在此后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，但即使在动荡的岁月中，两国人民也抓住机会发展了深入的、甚至极不平凡的关系。例如，美国人民永远不会忘记，二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险护理他们。参加过二战的中国老兵仍然热情欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们曾经在那里作战，帮助中国从占领下获得解放。

近40年前，简单的乒乓球比赛带来了两国关系的解冻，使我们两国建立起另一种联系。这种接触令人意外，但却恰恰促成了其成功，因为尽管我们之间存在许多分歧，但是我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以从中显现。正如一位美国乒乓球队员在回忆对中国的访问时所说：“那里的人民和我们一样„„这个国家和美国有许多相似之处，也有很大区别。” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.无须赘言，这个小小的契机带来了《上海公报》的问世，并最终促使美中两国在1979年建立正式外交关系。请看在此后的30年，我们取得了多么长足的进展。

In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.1979年，美中贸易额约为50亿美元，今天，贸易额已经超过4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响着两国人民的生活，美国电脑中的许多元件以及我们身穿的服装都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口你们的工业需要的机器。这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡，繁荣的范围将进一步扩大。

In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.1979年，美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们享有积极的、建设性的、全面的关系，为我们在当今时代的关键性全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括：经济复苏和清洁能源开发、制止核武器扩散和气候变化的影响、在亚洲及全球各地促进和平与安全。所有这些问题都是我明天与胡主席会谈的内容。

And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.1979年，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。今天，我们看到当年乒乓球队员的好奇心已经化为许多领域的纽带，中国留学生在美国的人数名列第二，而在美国学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，把我们的社区连接在一起。美中科学家合作进行新的研究与发现。而姚明是我们两国人民都热爱篮球的仅仅一个标志而已——令我遗憾的是，此行中我不能观看上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。

There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.中国有句名言：“温故而知新。”当然，过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战，我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。但是，“我们必然是对手”的概念并非是注定不变的——回顾过去不会是这样。由于我们的合作，美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到我们本着共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。

And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.可是，这种接触的成功取决于理解，取决于继续进行开诚布公的对话，相互了解，相互学习。正如前面提到的那位美国乒乓球队员所说——作为人，我们有着许多共同之处，但是我们两国在某些方面存在着差别。

I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.我认为每个国家都必须规划自己的前进方向。中国是一个文明古国，文化深远。而美国相对而言是一个年轻的国家，它的文化由来自许多不同国家的移民以及指导我国民主制度的建国纲领所形成。这些纲领中提出了对人类事务的简单明了的瞩望，并包含了一些核心原则——不论男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本权利；政府应当反映民意，并对人民的愿望作出回应；商贸应该是开放的，信息应该自由流通；司法保障应该来自法治而不是人治。

Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.当然，我国的历史也并非没有困难的篇章。在很多方面，在很长的时间里，我们要通过斗争去实现这些原则对全体人民的承诺，缔造一个更趋完善的联邦。我们曾打过一场很痛苦的南北战争，将我国的一部分人口从奴役下解放出来。妇女获得投票权、劳工赢得组织权、来自世界各地的移民得到完全的接纳——这些都是经过了一段时间才实现的。非洲裔美国人即使在获得自由后依然生活在被隔离和不平等的条件下，他们经过不懈努力才最终赢得全面、平等的权利。

None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.所有这些都不曾轻而易举。但是，由于我们对这些核心原则的坚定信念，我们取得了进步，这些原则指引我们冲过了最黑暗的风暴。这就是为什么林肯能在南北战争中挺身而出并宣布，这是一场考验一个孕育于自由之中、“忠实于人人生而平等这一原则”的国家能否永存的斗争。这也就是为什么马丁·路德·金博士能够站立在林肯纪念堂的台阶上，要求我们的国家实践自身信仰的真正含义。这也就是为什么来自从中国到肯尼亚的各国移民能够在我国的土地上安家；为什么所有努力寻求机会的人都能获得机会；为什么像我这种在不到50年前在美国的某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在能够出任这个国家的总统。

And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression_r_r_r and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.这就是为什么美国一直在全世界为这些核心原则而大声疾呼。我们不寻求把任何政治体制强加给任何别的国家，但是我们也不认为我们主张的这些原则是我们国家所独有的。表达自由和宗教信仰自由——获得信息和政治参与的自由——我们认为这些自由都是普世的权利，所有人都应当享有，包括少数民族和宗教少数派，不管是在美国、中国还是在任何其他国家。正是对普世权利的尊重指导着美国向其他国家开放，尊重各种不同的文化，致力于遵守国际法，并对未来抱有信念。

These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.这些都是你们应当了解的美国的情况。我也知道中国有很多有待我们了解的情况。环顾一下这座伟大的城市——环顾一下这个大厅——我确信我们两个国家有一个很重要的共同点，那就是我们对未来的信念。美国和中国都不想满足于已取得的成就，止步不前。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，但你们显然也对未来满怀信心、雄心和使年轻一代能比这一代人更有作为的决心。

In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.我们不但钦佩中国日益增长的经济，还赞赏你们在科学研究方面极不平凡的努力——从你们建设的基础设施到你们使用的技术，均体现出这种努力。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网使用国——这也是我们今天很高兴能把互联网作为此次活动的一部分的原因。这个国家目前拥有世界上最大的移动电话网络，它正在投资发展既能维持可持续增长，又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待着明天在这个至关重要的领域中深化两国的合作关系。然而，最重要的是，我在你们身上看到了中国的未来——年轻一代的聪明才智、献身精神和梦想将为塑造21世纪发挥巨大作用。

I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.我已说过多次，我相信我们现在的世界是紧密相连的。我们所做的工作，我们所建设的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，以及我们所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共有的。鉴于这种相互联系，在21世纪，权力不应再成为一场零和游戏；一国的成功发展不应以他国为代价。这也就是为什么美国坚决表示我们不谋求遏制中国的崛起。恰恰相反，我们欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个从你们这样的每个中国人的权利、实力和创造力中获得力量的中国。

To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.回到前面提到的那句古语——回顾过去。我们知道，大国之间选择合作而非对抗会带来更大的惠益。这是人类不断汲取的一个教训，我们两国的关系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必须不止于政府间的合作。合作必须植根于我们的人民——植根于我们共同进行的研究，我们的商贸活动，我们所学到的知识，乃至我们的体育运动。这些桥梁必须由你们这样的年轻人和美国的年轻人共同构筑。

That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutelyconfident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.因此，我高兴地宣布，美国准备将在中国留学的美国学生人数大幅度增加到10万人。这种交流是对在我们两国人民之间建立联系的明确承诺，毫无疑问，你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信，对美·来说，再好的使者莫过于我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样，才华横溢，充满活力，对有待书写的历史篇章充满乐观。

So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.那么，就让这个举措成为我们稳步寻求合作的下一个步骤，这种合作有利于我们两国乃至整个世界。如果能从今天的对话中得到一点启示的话，我希望那就是致力于今后继续进行这种对话。

So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)

非常感谢诸位。现在我希望回答你们大家提出的一些问题。非常感谢。（掌声。）

2009.11.16奥巴马上海对话中国青年(中英对照)

（一）2009-11-20 09:42 President Obama Holds Town Hall with Chinese Youth ·The White House President Barack Obama listens to a question at the town hall meeting with future Chinese leaders at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum in Shanghai, China, Nov.16, 2009.(Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson)Posters commemorating President Barack Obama's appearance at the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum are handed out following his town hall meeting there in Shanghai, China, Nov.16, 2009.(Official White House Photo by Lawrence Jackson)[奥巴马] 你好。诸位下午好。我感到很荣幸能够有机会到上海跟你们交谈，我要感谢复旦大学的杨校长，感谢他的款待和热情的欢迎。我还想感谢我们出色的大使洪博培，他是我们两国间深厚的纽带。我不知道他刚才说什么，但是希望他说得很好。[13:17:39] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Good afternoon.It is a great honor for me to be here in Shanghai, and to have this opportunity to speak with all of you.I'd like to thank Fudan University's President Yang for his hospitality and his gracious welcome.I'd also like to thank our outstanding Ambassador, Jon Huntsman, who exemplifies the deep ties and respect between our nations.I don't know what he said, but I hope it was good.(Laughter.)[奥巴马] 我今天准备这样，先做一个开场白，我真正希望做的是回答在座的问题，不但回答在座的学生问题，同时还可以从网上得到一些问题，由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提问。很抱歉，我的中文远不如你们的英文，所以我期待和你们的对话。这是我首次访问中国，我看到你们博大的国家，感到很兴奋。在上海这里，我们看到了瞩目的增长，高耸的塔楼，繁忙的街道，还有企业家的精神。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时我也急切的要看到向我们展现中国古老的古迹，明天和后天我要到北京去看雄伟壮丽的故宫和令人叹为观止的长城，这个国度既有丰富的历史，又有对未来憧憬的信念。[13:17:47] What I'd like to do is to make some opening comments, and then what I'm really looking forward to doing is taking questions, not only from students who are in the audience, but also we've received questions online, which will be asked by some of the students who are here in the audience, as well as by Ambassador Huntsman.And I am very sorry that my Chinese is not as good as your English, but I am looking forward to this chance to have a dialogue.This is my first time traveling to China, and I'm excited to see this majestic country.Here, in Shanghai, we see the growth that has caught the attention of the world--the soaring skyscrapers, the bustling streets and entrepreneurial activity.And just as I'm impressed by these signs of China's journey to the 21st century, I'm eager to see those ancient places that speak to us from China's distant past.Tomorrow and the next day I hope to have a chance when I'm in Beijing to see the majesty of the Forbidden City and the wonder of the Great Wall.Truly, this is a nation that encompasses both a rich history and a belief in the promise of the future.[奥巴马] 而我们两国的关系也是如此，上海在美中关系的历史中是个具有意义的重大城市，在30年前，《上海公报》打开了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新的篇章。[13:17:54] The same can be said of the relationship between our two countries.Shanghai, of course, is a city that has great meaning in the history of the relationship between the United States and China.It was here, 37 years ago, that the Shanghai Communique opened the door to a new chapter of engagement between our governments and among our people.[奥巴马] 不过美国与这个国家的纽带可以追溯更久远的过去，追溯到美国独立的初期，乔治·华盛顿组织了皇后号的下水仪式，这个船成功前往大清王朝，华盛顿希望看到这艘船前往各地，与中国结成新的纽带。希望中国开辟新的地平线，建立新的伙伴关系。在其后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，而即使在最动荡的方向中，我们的两国人民打造深的，甚至有戏剧性的纽带，比如美国人永远不会忘记，在二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，当地人民对他们的款待，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险罩着他们。[13:18:01]

However, America's ties to this city--and to this country--stretch back further, to the earliest days of America's independence.In 1784, our founding father, George Washington, commissioned the Empress of China, a ship that set sail for these shores so that it could pursue trade with the Qing Dynasty.Washington wanted to see the ship carry the flag around the globe, and to forge new ties with nations like China.This is a common American impulse--the desire to reach for new horizons, and to forge new partnerships that are mutually beneficial.Over the two centuries that have followed, the currents of history have steered the relationship between our countries in many directions.And even in the midst of tumultuous winds, our people had opportunities to forge deep and even dramatic ties.For instance, Americans will never forget the hospitality shown to our pilots who were shot down over your soil during World War II, and cared for by Chinese civilians who risked all that they had by doing so.And Chinese veterans of that war still warmly greet those American veterans who return to the sites where they fought to help liberate China from occupation.[奥巴马] 而参加二战的老兵仍然欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们在那里参战。40年前，我们两国间开启了又一种联系，两国关系开始解冻，通过乒乓球的比赛解冻关系。我们两国之间有着分歧，但是我们也有着共同的人性及有着共同的好奇，就像一位乒乓球人员一样，那的国家就是一样，但是这个小小的开头带来了《上海公报》的问世，最终还带来了美中在1979年建交。在其后的30年我们又取得了长足的进展，1979年美中贸易只有50亿美元，现在已经超过了4000亿美元。[13:18:10] A different kind of connection was made nearly 40 years ago when the frost between our countries began to thaw through the simple game of table tennis.The very unlikely nature of this engagement contributed to its success--because for all our differences, both our common humanity and our shared curiosity were revealed.As one American player described his visit to China--“[The]people are just like us…The country is very similar to America, but still very different.” Of course this small opening was followed by the achievement of the Shanghai Communique, and the eventual establishment of formal relations between the United States and China in 1979.And in three decades, just look at how far we have come.In 1979, trade between the United States and China stood at roughly $5 billion--today it tops over $400 billion each year.[奥巴马] 贸易在许多方面影响人民的生活，比如美国电脑中许多部件，还有穿的衣服都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口中国工业要使用的机器，这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。[13:22:50] The commerce affects our people's lives in so many ways.America imports from China many of the computer parts we use, the clothes we wear;and we export to China machinery that helps power your industry.This trade could create even more jobs on both sides of the Pacific, while allowing our people to enjoy a better quality of life.[奥巴马] 在需求趋于平衡的过程中，这种贸易可以是更广阔的贸易。如今我们有着积极合作和全面的关系，为我们在当前重大的全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括经济复苏、洁净能源的开发、制止核武器扩散以及应对气候变化。还有在亚洲及全球各地促进和平和稳定，所有这些问题我明天与胡主席会谈时都会谈到。1979年的时候，我们两国人民的联系十分有限，如今当年乒乓球运动员的好奇可以在许多领域建立的联系中都可以看到，在美国数量最多的留学生都来自中国。而在美国的学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，美中科学家在许多新的研究领域和发现领域进行合作，而我们两国人民都热爱篮球，姚明就是个例子。不过，此行中我不能观看上海鲨鱼队的比赛，有点遗憾。[13:23:12] And as demand becomes more balanced, it can lead to even broader prosperity.In 1979, the political cooperation between the United States and China was rooted largely in our shared rivalry with the Soviet Union.Today, we have a positive, constructive and comprehensive relationship that opens the door to partnership on the key global issues of our time--economic recovery and the development of clean energy;stopping the spread of nuclear weapons and the scourge of climate change;the promotion of peace and security in Asia and around the globe.All of these issues will be on the agenda tomorrow when I meet with President Hu.And in 1979, the connections among our people were limited.Today, we see the curiosity of those ping-pong players manifested in the ties that are being forged across many sectors.The second highest number of foreign students in the United States come from China, and we've seen a 50 percent increase in the study of Chinese among our own students.There are nearly 200 “friendship cities” drawing our communities together.American and Chinese scientists cooperate on new research and discovery.And of course, Yao Ming is just one signal of our shared love of basketball--I'm only sorry that I won't be able to see a Shanghai Sharks game while I'm visiting.[奥巴马] 那么我们两国之间的这种关系给我们带来了积极的变化，这并不是偶然的，中国使得亿万人民脱贫，而这种成就是人类历史上史无前例的。而中国在全球问题中也发挥更大的作用，美国也目睹了我们经济的成长。中国有句古言，温故而知新。当然，我们过去30年中也遇到了挫折和挑战，我们的关系并不是没有困难的，没有分歧的。但是我们必须一定是对手这种想法不应该是一成不变的。由于我们两国的合作，美中两国都变得更加繁荣、更加安全。我们基于相互的利益、相互的尊重就能有成就。[13:23:27] It is no coincidence that the relationship between our countries has accompanied a period of positive change.China has lifted hundreds of millions of people out of poverty--an accomplishment unparalleled in human history--while playing a larger role in global events.And the United States has seen our economy grow along with the standard of living enjoyed by our people, while bringing the Cold War to a successful conclusion.There is a Chinese proverb: “Consider the past, and you shall know the future.” Surely, we have known setbacks and challenges over the last 30 years.Our relationship has not been without disagreement and difficulty.But the notion that we must be adversaries is not predestined--not when we consider the past.Indeed, because of our cooperation, both the United States and China are more prosperous and more secure.We have seen what is possible when we build upon our mutual interests, and engage on the basis of mutual respect.2009.11.16奥巴马上海对话中国青年中英对照(二)2009-11-20 09:44 [奥巴马] 不过，这种接触的成功要取决于我们要彼此了解，要能够进行开诚布公的对话，彼此进行了解。就像当年美国乒乓球运动员所说的，我们作为人有着共同的向往，但是我们两国又不同。我认为我们两国每个国家都应该勾画出自己要走的路，中国是一个文明古国，它有着博大精深的文化。相对而言，美国是一个年轻的国家，它的文化受到来自许多不同国家移民的影响，而指导我们民主制度文件的影响，我有一个非常简单的向往，代表了一些核心的原则，就是所有的人生来平等，都有着基本的权利，而政府应当反映人们的意志，贸易应该是开放的，信息流通应当是自由的，而法律要保证这个公平。[13:23:38] And yet the success of that engagement depends upon understanding--on sustaining an open dialogue, and learning about one another and from one another.For just as that American table tennis player pointed out--we share much in common as human beings, but our countries are different in certain ways.I believe that each country must chart its own course.China is an ancient nation, with a deeply rooted culture.The United States, by comparison, is a young nation, whose culture is determined by the many different immigrants who have come to our shores, and by the founding documents that guide our democracy.Those documents put forward a simple vision of human affairs, and they enshrine several core principles--that all men and women are created equal, and possess certain fundamental rights;that government should reflect the will of the people and respond to their wishes;that commerce should be open, information freely accessible;and that laws, and not simply men, should guarantee the administration of justice.[奥巴马] 当然，我们的国家历史也不是没有过困难的地方，从很多方面来讲，很多年以来，我们是通过斗争来促进这些原则或者是所有的人民能够享受到，为了缔造一个更完美的联合，我们也打过一个很痛苦的内战，把一部分我们被奴役的人口释放出来，经过一段时间才能使妇女有投票权，劳工有组织权，包括来自各地的移民能够全部不接受。即使他们被解放以后，非洲与美国人也和美国人经过一些分开的、不平等的条件，经过一段时间才争取到全面的平等权利，所有这些是不容易的。但是我们对这些核心原则的信念我们取得的进展，在最黑暗的风暴当中是作为我们的指南针。[13:25:18] Of course, the story of our nation is not without its difficult chapters.In many ways--over many years--we have struggled to advance the promise of these principles to all of our people, and to forge a more perfect union.We fought a very painful civil war, and freed a portion of our population from slavery.It took time for women to be extended the right to vote, workers to win the right to organize, and for immigrants from different corners of the globe to be fully embraced.Even after they were freed, African Americans persevered through conditions that were separate and not equal, before winning full and equal rights.None of this was easy.But we made progress because of our belief in those core principles, which have served as our compass through the darkest of storms.[奥巴马] 这是为什么林肯在内战期间站起来说过，任何一个国家以自由、以所有人类平等的原则能够长久的存在，也就是为什么金博士在林肯纪念馆的前台站起来，说我们国家要必须真正的实现我们的信念。也就是为什么来自中国或者肯尼亚的移民能够到我们的家，也是为什么一个不到50年前以前在某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在就能够做到那个国家的总统。[13:25:30] That is why Lincoln could stand up in the midst of civil war and declare it a struggle to see whether any nation, conceived in liberty, and “dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal” could long endure.That is why Dr.Martin Luther King could stand on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial and ask that our nation live out the true meaning of its creed.That's why immigrants from China to Kenya could find a home on our shores;why opportunity is available to all who would work for it;and why someone like me, who less than 50 years ago would have had trouble voting in some parts of America, is now able to serve as its President.[奥巴马] 这就是为什么美国永远为了全世界各地的核心原则说话，我们不寻求把任何政治体制强制给任何国家，但是我们也不认为我们所支持的这些原则是我们国家所独有的，这些表达自由、宗教崇拜自由、接触信息的机会、政治的参与，我们认为这些是普世的权利，应该是所有人民能够享受到，包括少数民族和宗教的族群，不管是在中国、美国和任何国家，对于普遍权利的尊敬，作为美国对其他国家的开放态度的指导原则，我们对其他文化的尊重，我们对国际法的承诺和对未来的信念的原则。[13:29:42] And that is why America will always speak out for these core principles around the world.We do not seek to impose any system of government on any other nation, but we also don't believe that the principles that we stand for are unique to our nation.These freedoms of expression and worship--of access to information and political participation--we believe are universal rights.They should be available to all people, including ethnic and religious minorities--whether they are in the United States, China, or any nation.Indeed, it is that respect for universal rights that guides America's openness to other countries;our respect for different cultures;our commitment to international law;and our faith in the future.[奥巴马] 所有这些都是你们知道关于美国的一些情况，我们有很多要从中国学习。我们看看这个伟大城市的各地，也看看这个房间，我就相信我们两国有很重要的共同点，也就是对未来的信念，不管是美国还是中国，对现在的成就不能感到自满。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，你们也是充满信心展望未来，致力于下一代能够比这一代做的更好，除了你们不断增长的经济之外，我们很配合中国在科学和研究方面所投入的力量，包括建设的基础设施和使用的技术，中国是世界上使用互联网技术最多的国家，这就是我们很高兴互联网是今天活动的一部分，这个国家也拥有最大的机动电话网络，对新的投资保持继续增长，和应对气候变化方面有新的投资，我也希望两国加强这方面的合作。[13:29:55] These are all things that you should know about America.I also know that we have much to learn about China.Looking around at this magnificent city--and looking around this room--I do believe that our nations hold something important in common, and that is a belief in the future.Neither the United States nor China is content to rest on our achievements.For while China is an ancient nation, you are also clearly looking ahead with confidence, ambition, and a commitment to see that tomorrow's generation can do better than today's.In addition to your growing economy, we admire China's extraordinary commitment to science and research--a commitment borne out in everything from the infrastructure you build to the technology you use.China is now the world's largest Internet user--which is why we were so pleased to include the Internet as a part of today's event.This country now has the world's largest mobile phone network, and it is investing in the new forms of energy that can both sustain growth and combat climate change--and I'm looking forward to deepening the partnership between the United States and China in this critical area tomorrow.[奥巴马] 但是更重要是看到年轻人你们的才能、你们的献身精神、你们的梦想在21世纪实现方面会发挥很大的作用。我说过很多次，我认为世界是互相连接的，我们所做的工作，我们所建立的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，我们所追求的安全，所有这些都是共同的，而且是互相连接的，所以21世纪的实力不在零和游戏，一个国家成功不应该以另外一个国家的牺牲作为代价。这就是我们为什么不寻求遏制中国的崛起。相反，我们欢迎中国作为一个国际社会的强的、繁荣的、成功的成员。[13:30:05] But above all, I see China's future in you--young people whose talent and dedication and dreams will do so much to help shape the 21st century.I've said many times that I believe that our world is now fundamentally interconnected.The jobs we do, the prosperity we build, the environment we protect, the security that we seek--all of these things are shared.And given that interconnection, power in the 21st century is no longer a zero-sum game;one country's success need not come at the expense of another.And that is why the United States insists we do not seek to contain China's rise.On the contrary, we welcome China as a strong and prosperous and successful member of the community of nations--a China that draws on the rights, strengths, and creativity of individual Chinese like you.[奥巴马] 再回到刚才的谚语，我们应该考虑过去。在大的国家合作的时候，就比互相碰撞会取得更多得好处，这就是人类在历史上不断吸取的教训。我认为我们合作应该是超越政府间的合作，应该是以人民为基础，我们所研究的内容，我们所从事的生意，我们送获得的知识，我们所进行的体育比赛，所有这些桥梁必须是年轻人共同合作建立起来，这就是我为什么非常高兴我们要大大的宣布我们到中国学习的留学生人数，要增加到10万人。这样交流就会表现出我们是愿意致力于加强两国人民的联系，而且我是绝对有信心。对美国来说，最好的大使、最好的使者就是年轻人，他们和你们一样，很有才能，充满活力，对未来的历史还是很乐观的，这是我们合作的下一步，惠及两国和全世界。[13:30:13] To return to the proverb--consider the past.We know that more is to be gained when great powers cooperate than when they collide.That is a lesson that human beings have learned time and again, and that is the example of the history between our nations.And I believe strongly that cooperation must go beyond our government.It must be rooted in our people--in the studies we share, the business that we do, the knowledge that we gain, and even in the sports that we play.And these bridges must be built by young men and women just like you and your counterparts in America.That's why I'm pleased to announce that the United States will dramatically expand the number of our students who study in China to 100,000.And these exchanges mark a clear commitment to build ties among our people, as surely as you will help determine the destiny of the 21st century.And I'm absolutely confident that America has no better ambassadors to offer than our young people.For they, just like you, are filled with talent and energy and optimism about the history that is yet to be written.So let this be the next step in the steady pursuit of cooperation that will serve our nations, and the world.[奥巴马] 今天可以吸收的一个最重要的内容就是我们不断的向前推进。非常感谢。现在欢迎各位提问题。[13:30:22] And if there's one thing that we can take from today's dialogue, I hope that it is a commitment to continue this dialogue going forward.So thank you very much.And I look forward now to taking some questions from all of you.Thank you very much.(Applause.)[奥巴马] 顺便说一句，这在美国是非常常见的传统——举行这种市政会议，我现在要做的就是如果你有兴趣提问的话请举手，我会说请你提问。我会从在座的观众中问一个问题，然后再让这些学生代表以及洪大使从网上代为提问。我先找个男生再找一个女生，来回这么找，让大家知道我是公平的。[13:30:31] So--I just want to make sure this works.This is a tradition, by the way, that is very common in the United States at these town hall meetings.And what we're going to do is I will just--if you are interested in asking a question, you can raise your hands.I will call on you.And then I will alternate between a question from the audience and an Internet question from one of the students who prepared the questions, as well as I think Ambassador Huntsman may have a question that we were able to obtain from the Web site of our embassy.So let me begin, though, by seeing--and then what I'll do is I'll call on a boy and then a girl and then--so we'll go back and forth, so that you know it's fair.奥巴马] 这位小女孩你来开始吧。请等一下我给你话筒。[13:30:38] All right? So I'll start with this young lady right in the front.Why don't we wait for this microphone so everyone can hear you.And what's your name? [现场提问] 我叫程熙，我是复旦大学的学生，上海和芝加哥从1985年开始就是姐妹城市，这两个城市进行过各种经贸、文化、政治交流，你现在在采取什么措施来加深美国和中国城市之间的关系。世博会明年将在上海举行，你是否准备参加世博会呢？ [13:30:56] Q

My name is(inaudible)and I am a student from Fudan University.Shanghai and Chicago have been sister cities since 1985, and these two cities have conduct a wide range of economic, political, and cultural exchanges.So what measures will you take to deepen this close relationship between cities of the United States and China? And Shanghai will hold the World Exposition next year.Will you bring your family to visit the Expo? Thank you.[奥巴马] 非常感谢你的问题，我在来之前和上海的市长共进午餐，他和我说他跟芝加哥，也就是我的家乡有着很好的关系，他两度访问芝加哥，我认为城市间有这种交流非常非常好，我刚才和韩市长谈的问题之一就是我们这些城市如何可以彼此进行交流，比如就洁净能源的策略进行交流。因为美中两国共同面对的问题就是我们如何在人口增长的过程中，又解决气候变化的问题，同时减少我们二氧化碳的排放。[13:31:14] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Well, thank you very much for the question.I was just having lunch before I came here with the Mayor of Shanghai, and he told me that he has had an excellent relationship with the city of Chicago--my home town--that he's visited there twice.And I think it's wonderful to have these exchanges between cities.One of the things that I discussed with the Mayor is how both cities can learn from each other on strategies around clean energy, because one of the issues that ties China and America together is how, with an expanding population and a concern for climate change, that we're able to reduce our carbon footprint.[奥巴马] 很显然，在美国以及在很多发达国家，人均能耗量都比中国的人均能耗量大，不过在中国成长的过程中，能耗量会增加，因此，我们找到新的战略，这符合我们两国的利益。我们刚才谈了大众捷运，我知道上海和其他城市之间就有这种快轨，我相信美国以及芝加哥可以在这种快轨方面向中国学习。而在美国我们也在学习如何建造这种绿色建筑，当然，在上海我看到有很多的吊车，很多的建筑在盖起来。因此在这些新的技术上我们进行合作是非常非常重要的，使得我们每一个建筑在采光、取暖等等方面都能减少能耗，使能源效率更高，这方面是我们两国可以相互学习的。[13:35:20] And obviously in the United States and many developed countries, per capita, per individual, they are already using much more energy than each individual here in China.But as China grows and expands, it's going to be using more energy as well.So both countries have a great interest in finding new strategies.We talked about mass transit and the excellent rail lines that are being developed in Shanghai.I think we can learn in Chicago and the United States some of the fine work that's being done on high-speed rail.In the United States, I think we are learning how to develop buildings that use much less energy, that are much more energy-efficient.And I know that with Shanghai, as I traveled and I saw all the cranes and all the new buildings that are going up, it's very important for us to start incorporating these new technologies so that each building is energy-efficient when it comes to lighting, when it comes to heating.And so it's a terrific opportunity I think for us to learn from each other.[奥巴马] 我知道上海世博会的焦点之一就是提高能效的问题，刚才韩市长跟我讲了这个问题，我将非常乐于参加上海世博会，当然，我现在不知道那时候我的时间安排怎么样，不过我感到非常高兴上海世博会将有我们的美国馆，我们知道现在参观世博会的人会有七千万人。芝加哥已经举办过两次世博会，这两次世博会都给我们芝加哥带来了巨大的好处，我希望上海情况也是如此，谢谢。[13:35:32] I know this is going to be a major focus of the Shanghai World Expo, is the issue of clean energy, as I learned from the Mayor.And so I would love to attend.I'm not sure yet what my schedule is going to be, but I'm very pleased that we're going to have an excellent U.S.pavilion at the Expo, and I understand that we expect as many as 70 million visitors here.So it's going to be very crowded and it's going to be very exciting.Chicago has had two world expos in its history, and both of those expos ended up being tremendous boosts for the city.So I'm sure the same thing will happen here in Shanghai.Thank you.(Applause.)Why don't we get one of the questions from the Internet? And introduce yourself, in case –

2009.11.16奥巴马上海对话中国青年中英对照(三)2009-11-20 09:46 [现场提问] 总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我的问题是，您来中国的第一印象是什么？你给中国带来什么？又想从中国带走什么？ [13:35:41] Q

First shall I say it in Chinese, and then the English, okay? PRESIDENT OBAMA: Yes.Q

I want to pose a question from the Internet.I want to thank you, Mr.President, for visiting China in your first year in office, and exchange views with us in China.I want to know what are you bringing to China, your visit to China this time, and what will you bring back to the United States?(Applause.)[奥巴马] 好。这次访问的主要目的就是加深我对中国和中国对未来的愿景的理解，我已经和胡主席进行了几次会晤，我们一起参加20国峰会，就是应对金融危机，另外，我们就范围广泛的问题也进行磋商。但是我认为很重要的是美国要继续不断的加深对中国的了解，同样中国要不断加深对美国的了解也是重要的。至于我这次会晤希望有什么成果或者访问的成果，除了能够看紫禁城和长城这么伟大的好的机会，还有会见各位，所有这些都是我的一些高潮和亮点。[13:35:51] PRESIDENT OBAMA: The main purpose of my trip is to deepen my understanding of China and its vision for the future.I have had several meetings now with President Hu.We participated together in the G20 that was dealing with the economic financial crisis.We have had consultations about a wide range of issues.But I think it's very important for the United States to continually deepen its understanding of China, just as it's important for China to continually deepen its understanding of the United States.In terms of what I'd like to get out of this meeting, or this visit, in addition to having the wonderful opportunity to see the Forbidden City and the Great Wall, and to meet with all of you--these are all highlights –

[奥巴马] 除此以外，我打算和胡主席谈到一些问题，也就是洪大使提到的一点，世界上除非美中两国一致，不然能够解决全球的挑战是极少的。我举个例子来说，刚才谈到的气候变化这个问题，美国和中国是世界上最大的两个温室气体的排放者，也就是造成全球变暖的因素。那么美国作为一个高度发达国家，就像刚才说的，从人均来讲，人均消耗的能源多得多，排放的温室气体按人均来算比中国多得多，但是中国增长速度快得多，人口多得多，所以除非我们两个国家都愿意采取一些关键的步骤来应对这个问题，我们就无法解决这个问题。[13:35:59] but in addition to that, the discussions that I intend to have with President Hu speak to the point that Ambassador Huntsman made earlier, which is there are very few global challenges that can be solved unless the United States and China agree.So let me give you a specific example, and that is the issue we were just discussing of climate change.The United States and China are the world's two largest emitters of greenhouse gases, of carbon that is causing the planet to warm.Now, the United States, as a highly developed country, as I said before, per capita, consumes much more energy and emits much more greenhouse gases for each individual than does China.On the other hand, China is growing at a much faster pace and it has a much larger population.So unless both of our countries are willing to take critical steps in dealing with this issue, we will not be able to resolve it.[奥巴马] 那么12月份举行哥本哈根会议，世界的领导人正在努力找到一个方案，能够使我们大家都作出承诺，是有区别的，不会说每个国家承担的义务一样，显然中国贫穷的人数多得多，所以他不需要跟美国做的一样。但是各方都应该承担一些具体的义务，就是有关我们打算做些什么来减少温室气体。这只是一个例子，我希望会晤的成果，就是我和胡主席能够就美中两国怎么共同发挥领导作用而达成一致。因为我可以告诉各位，甚至很多其他国家他们将等着我们，他们要看我们做什么，他们要说，“你看美国、中国他们对这个并不认真，那他们也不会认真”。[13:39:24] There's going to be a Copenhagen conference in December in which world leaders are trying to find a recipe so that we can all make commitments that are differentiated so each country would not have the same obligations--obviously China, which has much more poverty, should not have to do exactly the same thing as the United States--but all of us should have these certain obligations in terms of what our plan will be to reduce these greenhouse gases.So that's an example of what I hope to get out of this meeting--a meeting of the minds between myself and President Hu about how together the United States and China can show leadership.Because I will tell you, other countries around the world will be waiting for us.They will watch to see what we do.And if they say, ah, you know, the United States and China, they're not serious about this, then they won't be serious either.[奥巴马] 那两个国家就要承担做领导的责任。所以我们越是能够讨论这个问题，越是能够向全世界展现在这些问题上的领导作用。好吧，我想现在轮到男士。[13:39:30] That is the burden of leadership that both of our countries now carry.And my hope is, is that the more discussion and dialogue that we have, the more we are able to show this leadership to the world on these many critical issues.Okay?(Applause.)All right, it's a--I think it must be a boy's turn now.Right? So I'll call on this young man right here.[现场提问] 我是同济大学黄立赫（音）。首先我想引用“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”这句话来欢迎您，在《论语·子路》中有一句话叫和而不同，我们中国人民的理想就是在世界构建一个文化多元化的和谐世界。我们知道美国文化本身是在历史沉淀当中由不同的文化元素所积淀而成的多元混合型文化，请问在您的这届政府中会采取哪些措施来共同构建这个世界向着文化多元化发展？在您的外交政策中会有哪些措施去尊重各国的不同的历史文化？我们中美两国在此方面会有哪些合作？谢谢您。[13:39:39] Q

(As translated.)Mr.President, good afternoon.I'm from Tongji University.I want to cite a saying from Confucius: “It is always good to have a friend coming from afar.” In Confucius books, there is a great saying which says that harmony is good, but also we uphold differences.China advocates a harmonious world.We know that the United States develops a culture that features diversity.I want to know, what will your government do to build a diversified world with different cultures? What would you do to respect the different cultures and histories of other countries? And what kinds of cooperation we can conduct in the future? [奥巴马] 我认为这是非常好的一点，美国的优势之一就是我们是一个非常多元化的文化，我们那有来自世界各地的人，因此，这对于美国人长什么样，你确实不能一言以蔽之，比如像我家我父亲来自肯尼亚，我母亲来自中西部的堪萨斯州，我妹妹是半个印度尼西亚人，她又嫁了一位加拿大的华裔人。因此当你看到我们奥巴马全家聚会的时候我们就像联合国一样，什么人都有，而这就是我们美国的力量所在，因为它意味着我们从不同的文化、从不同的饮食，从不同的想法中相互学习，这使得我们社会变得更加富有活力。同时每个国家在你中有我我中有你的世界中，每个国家有着自己的历史传统和文化，因此我认为对于美国来讲重要的一点就是不能推断说，我们有好的做法适用到别人身上的时候也可以带来好处。实际上这方面我们要虚心一点才行，对别的国家这种态度要虚心一点才行。[13:40:04] PRESIDENT OBAMA: This is an excellent point.The United States, one of our strengths is that we are a very diverse culture.We have people coming from all around the world.And so there's no one definition of what an American looks like.In my own family, I have a father who was from Kenya;I have a mother who was from Kansas, in the Midwest of the United States;my sister is half-Indonesian;she's married to a Chinese person from Canada.So when you see family gatherings in the Obama household, it looks like the United Nations.(Laughter.)And that is a great strength of the United States, because it means that we learn from different cultures and different foods and different ideas, and that has made us a much more dynamic society.Now, what is also true is that each country in this interconnected world has its own culture and its own history and its own traditions.And I think it's very important for the United States not to assume that what is good for us is automatically good for somebody else.And we have to have some modesty about our attitudes towards other countries.[奥巴马] 如果要说正如我在开场白中所说的一样，我们确实认为一些基本的原则是所有人不管你是什么样的文化，对所有人都应该是共有的共性，比如在联合国我们非常活跃于联合国来努力确保世界各地的儿童都能够得到某些基本权利的待遇。当然，有些地方儿童受到剥削、压榨，强迫他们做童工，尽管以前不同的国家包括美国发生过这样的事情，但是世界上所有的国家都应当有一个共同的标准，就是要以比过去更好的方式来对待我们的儿童，这是一个普世的价值观。[13:42:54] I have to say, though, as I said in my opening remarks, that we do believe that there are certain fundamental principles that are common to all people, regardless of culture.So, for example, in the United Nations we are very active in trying to make sure that children all around the world are treated with certain basic rights--that if children are being exploited, if there's forced labor for children, that despite the fact that that may have taken place in the past in many different countries, including the United States, that all countries of the world now should have developed to the point where we are treating children better than we did in the past.That's a universal value.[奥巴马] 我相信对妇女的问题上情况也是如此，我跟上海的韩市长在吃午餐的时候进行了很有趣的讨论，他跟我说现在有很多专业人士，在中国的专业人士中，比如在大学生中女生比男生还多，而且她们的表现非常的好。我认为这是一个取得进展的很好的、很小的指标，因为你看看世界各地的发展，一个最好的指标就是一个国家是不是成就斐然的一个最好的指标就是他的教育以及妇女所受的教育。而那些能够发挥妇女的潜力的国家，那些做得好的国家他们得到好处就比那些不发挥妇女潜力的国家要大。当然，男女关系中不同的文化有不同的做法，不过我认为在美国，我们很重要的一点是要确认世界各地妇女的权利，当然，有些社会中妇女受到压迫，她们不能得到足够的机会，还有妇女受到暴力的影响等等，见到这些情况的时候我们都会直言不讳地提出来的。当然，有些人可能不同意我们的观点，我们可以就此展开对话，但是我们能够实现我们的理想才行。[13:43:08] I believe, for example, the same thing holds true when it comes to the treatment of women.I had a very interesting discussion with the Mayor of Shanghai during lunch right before I came, and he informed me that in many professions now here in China, there are actually more women enrolled in college than there are men, and that they are doing very well.I think that is an excellent indicator of progress, because it turns out that if you look at development around the world, one of the best indicators of whether or not a country does well is how well it educates its girls and how it treats its women.And countries that are tapping into the talents and the energy of women and giving them educations typically do better economically than countries that don't.So, now, obviously difficult cultures may have different attitudes about the relationship between men and women, but I think it is the view of the United States that it is important for us to affirm the rights of women all around the world.And if we see certain societies in which women are oppressed, or they are not getting opportunities, or there is violence towards women, we will speak out.Now, there may be some people who disagree with us, and we can have a dialogue about that.But we think it's important, nevertheless, to be true to our ideals and our values.[奥巴马] 当然，我们在做这个事情的过程中，我们要虚心，我们并不是十全十美的，我们在很多问题上也要取得进展，你跟美国的妇女讲的时候，她们会跟你说：很多男人对于妇女在社会中的地位还有一些成见。因此我们绝不声称我们解决了这些问题，但是我们认为就这些问题，普世的原则我们还是要谈的。下面听听网民的提问。[13:43:17] And we--and when we do so, though, we will always do so with the humility and understanding that we are not perfect and that we still have much progress to make.If you talk to women in America, they will tell you that there are still men who have a lot of old-fashioned ideas about the role of women in society.And so we don't claim that we have solved all these problems, but we do think that it's important for us to speak out on behalf of these universal ideals and these universal values.Okay? All right.We're going to take a question from the Internet.[现场提问] 总统先生，您好。我们非常荣幸来到这儿，我叫张新（音），来自于上海外国语大学。我想找一个网上的问题，这个问题是来自于台湾的一位同胞。他说我来自于台湾，现在我在大陆做生意，现在两岸关系在近年来不断地改善，我现在在大陆的生意做得很好。当有人在美国说，美国想向台湾售武的时候我们非常担心，因为这样的话会破坏两岸关系。总统先生，我想知道您是否支持改善两岸关系。当然，这个问题是来自于一位商人。但是其实对于所有的年轻中国人来说，其实都非常关心这个问题，所以我们特别希望听下您的看法。谢谢。[13:47:18] Q

Hello, Mr.President.It's a great honor to be here and meet you in person.PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Q

I will be reading a question selected on the Internet to you, and this question is from somebody from Taiwan.In his question, he said: I come from Taiwan.Now I am doing business on the mainland.And due to improved cross-straits relations in recent years, my business in China is doing quite well.So when I heard the news that some people in America would like to propose--continue selling arms and weapons to Taiwan, I begin to get pretty worried.I worry that this may make our cross-straits relations suffer.So I would like to know if, Mr.President, are you supportive of improved cross-straits relations? And although this question is from a businessman, actually, it's a question of keen concern to all of us young Chinese students, so we'd really like to know your position on this question.Thank you.(Applause.)[奥巴马] 我过去很明确，我的政府全面支持一个中国的政策，也就像三个联合公报所反映出的那样子，就是几十年前开始的关于针对与台湾的关系，也包括和中华人民共和国的关系在内。我们不愿意改变这个政策和这个态度。我非常高兴看到紧张局势的缓和和跨海峡两岸关系的改善。而且我非常希望我们继续看到两岸不断地改善关系，解决很多这样的问题。[13:47:30] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.Well, I have been clear in the past that my administration fully supports a one-China policy, as reflected in the three joint communiqués that date back several decades, in terms of our relations with Taiwan as well as our relations with the People's Republic of China.We don't want to change that policy and that approach.I am very pleased with the reduction of tensions and the improvement in cross-straits relations, and it is my deep desire and hope that we will continue to see great improvement between Taiwan and the rest of--and the People's Republic in resolving many of these issues.[奥巴马] 一个事情，美国在对外政策当中，也包括针对中国的政策，我们一直寻求的一件事情就是要通过对话和谈判问题能够得到解决，我们一直认为这是最好的途径。我认为这个地区正在发生着经济和商务的联系，正在帮助缓和很多在你们出生或者我还没有出生以前就已经产生的紧张局势，有些人还希望回顾过去来考虑问题，而不是展望未来，我还是希望能够展望未来。就像我刚才说的，现在建立的商务关系是有益的，有人认为做生意赚钱的话，他们会考虑得很清楚，而不会那么过分的担忧这些意识形态的问题，而且我认为这个地区已经看到这个现象，我们非常支持这样的进程。好吧。现在轮到女生。[13:47:41] One of the things that I think that the United States, in terms of its foreign policy and its policy with respect to China, is always seeking is ways that through dialogue and negotiations, problems can be solved.We always think that's the better course.And I think that economic ties and commercial ties that are taking place in this region are helping to lower a lot of the tensions that date back before you were born or even before I was born.Now, there are some people who still look towards the past when it comes to these issues, as opposed to looking towards the future.I prefer to look towards the future.And as I said, I think the commercial ties that are taking place--there's something about when people think that they can do business and make money that makes them think very clearly and not worry as much about ideology.And I think that that's starting to happen in this region, and we are very supportive of that process.Okay? Let's see, it's a girl's turn now, right? Yes, right there.Yes.Hold on, let's get--whoops, I'm sorry, they took the mic back here.I'll call on you next.Go ahead, and then I'll go up here later.Go ahead.009.11.16奥巴马上海对话中国青年中英对照(四)2009-11-20 09:46 [现场提问] 谢谢。总统先生，我是来自于上海交通大学的一位学生。我想问一个您得诺贝尔和平奖的一个问题。您是如何看待您得奖的？您得了奖对您来说是不是意味着更多的压力和责任？您有更多的责任去推动世界和平。同时，这会不会影响你解决世界问题的一些态度？ [13:47:58] Q

Thank you.PRESIDENT OBAMA: I'll call on you later.But I'll on her first and then I'll call on you afterwards.Go ahead.Q

Okay, thank you.Mr.President, I'm a student from Shanghai Jiao Tong University.I have a question concerning the Nobel Prize for Peace.In your opinion, what's the main reason that you were honored the Nobel Prize for Peace? And will it give you more responsibility and pressure to--more pressure and the responsibility to promote world peace? And will it bring you--will it influence your ideas while dealing with the international affairs? Thank you very much.[奥巴马] 这个问题问得非常好，谢谢。正如我开始所说，关于我得到的和平奖这个问题最惊奇的就是我自己，当然，这是一个殊荣，不过我认为这个荣誉我有点不配。因为考虑到以前得奖的人所做的工作我有点不配，但是我希望做的工作就是以本着非常卑谦的态度来对待这个事情。那就是他们这个诺贝尔提名委员会对于美国所发生的变化以及美国对世界的态度所发生的变化受到了启发，所以他们把奖项颁发给了我，不过我只是对我们对世界态度的变化的一个象征而已。[13:54:13] PRESIDENT OBAMA: Thank you.That was an excellent question.I have to say that nobody was more surprised than me about winning the Nobel Prize for Peace.Obviously it's a great honor.I don't believe necessarily that it's an honor I deserve, given the extraordinary history of people who have won the prize.All I can do is to, with great humility, accept the fact that I think the committee was inspired by the American people and the possibilities of changing not only America but also America's approach to the world.And so in some ways I think they gave me the prize but I was more just a symbol of the shift in our approach to world affairs that we are trying to promote.[奥巴马] 我感到这是一种殊荣——能够成为美国总统。正如我夫人经常提醒我说的，有时候我抱怨工作太忙了，她经常提醒我说：你是自己找的这份工作。英文里说你自己铺了床你只好自己到里面去睡觉。这个意思就是说有时候你要想得到什么东西真要小心一点，你真有可能得到这份东西，我认为我们每个人要在世界上促进我们的和平，做到这一点并不容易。[13:54:21] In terms of the burden that I feel, I am extraordinarily honored to be put in the position of President.And as my wife always reminds me when I complain that I'm working too hard, she says, you volunteered for this job.(Laughter.)And so you--there's a saying--I don't know if there's a similar saying in China--we have a saying: “You made your bed, now you have to sleep in it.” And it basically means you have to be careful what you ask for because you might get it.I think that all of us have obligations for trying to promote peace in the world.It's not always easy to do.[奥巴马] 现在世界上有很多冲突，这些冲突有数百年的历史，比如你看看中东的情况，这些战争和冲突他们来源于一千年以前的斗争，比如在非洲有部落的冲突，这都很难得到解决，作为美国总统，我的工作之一是我们美国武装力量的总指挥，我的当务之急首先要做的就是保护美国人民，由于9?11发生的袭击事件，以及世界各地的恐怖事件造成无辜人的死亡，我有这样的任务就是要根除这些恐怖主义组织，要和很多国家进行合作来应付这种恐怖暴力。当然，我想我们不可能完全杜绝国与人以及国与国之间的暴力，但是我们可以大大减少这些暴力。这个做法就是通过交流、通过对话，通过加深人与人、文化与文化之间的理解来做到这一点。[13:54:27] There are still a lot of conflicts in the world that are--date back for centuries.If you look at the Middle East, there are wars and conflict that are rooted in arguments going back a thousand years.In many parts of the world--let's say, in the continent of Africa--there are ethnic and tribal conflicts that are very hard to resolve.And obviously, right now, as President of the United States, part of my job is to serve as Commander-in-Chief, and my first priority is to protect the American people.And because of the attacks on 9/11 and the terrorism that has been taking place around the world where innocent people are being killed, it is my obligation to make sure that we root out these terrorist organizations, and that we cooperate with other countries in terms of dealing with this kind of violence.Nevertheless, although I don't think that we can ever completely eliminate violence between nations or between peoples, I think that we can definitely reduce the violence between peoples--through dialogue, through the exchange of ideas, through greater understanding between peoples and between cultures.奥巴马] 此时此刻，一个人可以引爆炸弹，带来很大的破坏。因此，我们要实行这种和平的策略就变得更加重要了。技术可以造福于人，但是也可以使这些少数人造成巨大的破坏。正因如此，我希望在我跟胡主席的会谈中，以及今后进行的会谈中，美国和中国可以共同合作来共同减少我们在世界各地所看到的冲突。同时，我们还要牢记这样一个事实，当我们动用军事力量的时候，因为我们是大国、强国，我们自己要三思而行，我们要看看自己有什么动机，有什么利益来确保我们不仅仅由于别人管不了我们我们就动辄使用我们的军力，而这些大国要在世界之林中本着负责任的做法采取行动才行，我希望美国和中国能够共同地帮助建立国际事务准则以减少世界各地的冲突。[13:54:34] And particularly now when just one individual can detonate a bomb that causes so much destruction, it is more important than ever that we pursue these strategies for peace.Technology is a powerful instrument for good, but it has also given the possibility for just a few people to cause enormous damage.And that's why I'm hopeful that in my meetings with President Hu and on an ongoing basis, both the United States and China can work together to try to reduce conflicts that are taking place.We have to do so, though, also keeping in mind that when we use our military, because we're such big and strong countries, that we have to be self-reflective about what we do;that we have to examine our own motives and our own interests to make sure that we are not simply using our military forces because nobody can stop us.That's a burden that great countries, great powers, have, is to act responsibly in the community of nations.And my hope is, is that the United States and China together can help to create an international norms that reduce conflict around the world.(Applause.)[奥巴马] 好吧，我现在请我的洪大使，现在有一个网民通过我们使馆网站提了一个问题。[13:54:43] Okay.All right? Jon--I'm going to call on my Ambassador because I think he has a question that was generated through the Web site of our embassy.This was selected, though, by I think one of the members of our U.S.press corps so that –.

第五篇：奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话发表演讲

奥巴马在上海与中国青年对话发表演讲(全文)[ 2009-11-16 12:45:34 | 发表: Campus ]

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视频：奥巴马上海演讲对话中国青年：http://www.xiexiebang.com/article.asp?id=455

国总统奥巴马11月16 日在上海科技博物馆举行的与上海大学生的直接对话会上发表演讲，并回答了大学生以及网友提出的一系列问题。以下是白宫新闻秘书办公室发布的总统演讲及问答记录稿的译文，由美国国务院国际信息局翻译。白宫（THE WHITE HOUSE）

新闻秘书办公室（Office of the Press Secretary）

2009年11月16日

巴拉克·奥巴马总统在与中国未来领袖的直接对话会上的讲话（REMARKS BY PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT TOWN HALL MEETING WITH FUTURE CHINESE LEADERS）

中国上海

中国上海科技博物馆

当地时间下午1:18

我今天准备先做一个开场白，但我真正希望做的是回答问题，不但回答在座的学生提出的问题，同时也回答从网上提出的一些问题，这些问题由在座的一些学生和洪博培大使代为提出。很抱歉，我的中文不如你们的英文，但我期待着这个和你们对话的机会。

这是我首次访问中国，看到你们壮丽的国家，我感到很兴奋。在上海，我们看到了全球瞩目的发展——高耸的大厦、繁忙的街道、创业的动态。这些都是中国步入21世纪的迹象，让我感到赞叹。同时，我也期盼看到向我们展现中国悠久历史的古迹。明天和后天我会在北京，希望有机会看到壮观的故宫和奇迹般的长城。的确，这是一个既有丰富的历史，又对未来的希望充满信心的国家。

我们两国的关系也是如此。毫无疑问，上海在美中关系史上是一个具有重大意义的城市。正是在这里，37年前发布的《上海公报》（Shanghai Communique）开启了我们两国政府和两国人民接触交往的新篇章。然而，美国与这个城市以及这个国家的纽带可以追溯到更久远的过去，直至美国独立初期。

1784年，我们的建国之父乔治•华盛顿主持了“中国女皇号”（Empress of China）的下水仪式。这条船前往中国海岸，寻求与清朝通商。华盛顿希望看到这条悬挂美国国旗的船前往世界各地，与像中国这样的国家缔结新的纽带。这是通常的美国人的愿望——希望达到新的地平线，建立新的、互利的伙伴关系。

在此后的两个世纪中，历史洪流使我们两国关系向许多不同的方向发展，但即使在动荡的岁月中，两国人民也抓住机会发展了深入的、甚至极不平凡的关系。例如，美国人民永远不会忘记，二战期间，美国飞行员在中国上空被击落后，中国公民冒着失去一切的危险护理他们。参加过二战的中国老兵仍然热情欢迎故地重游的美国老兵，他们曾经在那里作战，帮助中国从占领下获得解放。

近40年前，简单的乒乓球比赛带来了两国关系的解冻，使我们两国建立起另一种联系。这种接触令人意外，但却恰恰促成了其成功，因为尽管我们之间存在许多分歧，但是我们共同的人性和共同的好奇心得以从中显现。正如一位美国乒乓球队员在回忆对中国的访问时所说：“那里的人民和我们一样……这个国家和美国有许多相似之处，也有很大区别。”

无须赘言，这个小小的契机带来了《上海公报》的问世，并最终促使美中两国在1979年建立正式外交关系。请看在此后的30年，我们取得了多么长足的进展。

1979年，美中贸易额约为50亿美元，今天，贸易额已经超过4000亿美元。贸易在许多方面影响着两国人民的生活，美国电脑中的许多元件以及我们身穿的服装都是从中国进口的，我们向中国出口你们的工业需要的机器。这种贸易可以在太平洋两岸创造更多的就业机会，让我们的人民过上质量更高的生活。随着需求趋于平衡，繁荣的范围将进一步扩大。

1979年，美中之间的政治合作主要立足于双方共同面对的竞争对手苏联。如今我们享有积极的、建设性的、全面的关系，为我们在当今时代的关键性全球问题上建立伙伴关系打开了大门，这些问题包括：经济复苏和清洁能源开发、制止核武器扩散和气候变化的影响、在亚洲及全球各地促进和平与安全。所有这些问题都是我明天与胡主席会谈的内容。

1979年，我们两国人民的联系十分有限。今天，我们看到当年乒乓球队员的好奇心已经化为许多领域的纽带，中国留学生在美国的人数名列第二，而在美国学生中，学中文的人数增加了50%。我们两国有近200个友好城市，把我们的社区连接在一起。美中科学家合作进行新的研究与发现。而姚明是我们两国人民都热爱篮球的仅仅一个标志而已——令我遗憾的是，此行中我不能观看上海大鲨鱼队的比赛。

我们两国之间的关系相伴着一个积极变化的时期，这不是偶然的。中国实现了亿万人民脱贫，这一成就史无前例，同时，中国在全球问题中也在发挥更大的作用。美国在促使冷战顺利结束的同时，经济也取得了增长，人民的生活水平提高。

中国有句名言：“温故而知新。”当然，过去30年中我们也曾遇到挫折和挑战，我们的关系不是没有分歧和困难。但是，“我们必然是对手”的概念并非是注定不变的——回顾过去不会是这样。由于我们的合作，美中两国都更加繁荣、更加安全。我们已经看到我们本着共同的利益和相互的尊重去努力所能取得的成果。可是，这种接触的成功取决于理解，取决于继续进行开诚布公的对话，相互了解，相互学习。正如前面提到的那位美国乒乓球队员所说——作为人，我们有着许多共同之处，但是我们两国在某些方面存在着差别。

我认为每个国家都必须规划自己的前进方向。中国是一个文明古国，文化深远。而美国相对而言是一个年轻的国家，它的文化由来自许多不同国家的移民以及指导我国民主制度的建国纲领所形成。

这些纲领中提出了对人类事务的简单明了的瞩望，并包含了一些核心原则——不论男女人人生而平等，都享有某些基本权利；政府应当反映民意，并对人民的愿望作出回应；商贸应该是开放的，信息应该自由流通；司法保障应该来自法治而不是人治。

当然，我国的历史也并非没有困难的篇章。在很多方面，在很长的时间里，我们要通过斗争去实现这些原则对全体人民的承诺，缔造一个更趋完善的联邦。我们曾打过一场很痛苦的南北战争，将我国的一部分人口从奴役下解放出来。妇女获得投票权、劳工赢得组织权、来自世界各地的移民得到完全的接纳——这些都是经过了一段时间才实现的。非洲裔美国人即使在获得自由后依然生活在被隔离和不平等的条件下，他们经过不懈努力才最终赢得全面、平等的权利。所有这些都不曾轻而易举。但是，由于我们对这些核心原则的坚定信念，我们取得了进步，这些原则指引我们冲过了最黑暗的风暴。这就是为什么林肯（Lincoln）能在南北战争中挺身而出并宣布，这是一场考验一个孕育于自由之中、“忠实于人人生而平等这一原则”的国家能否永存的斗争。这也就是为什么马丁∙路德∙金（Martin Luther King）博士能够站立在林肯纪念堂（Lincoln Memorial）的台阶上，要求我们的国家实践自身信仰的真正含义。这也就是为什么来自从中国到肯尼亚的各国移民能够在我国的土地上安家；为什么所有努力寻求机会的人都能获得机会；为什么像我这种在不到50年前在美国的某些地方连投票都遇到困难的人，现在能够出任这个国家的总统。

这就是为什么美国一直在全世界为这些核心原则而大声疾呼。我们不寻求把任何政治体制强加给任何别的国家，但是我们也不认为我们主张的这些原则是我们国家所独有的。表达自由和宗教信仰自由——获得信息和政治参与的自由——我们认为这些自由都是普世的权利，所有人都应当享有，包括少数民族和宗教少数派，不管是在美国、中国还是在任何其他国家。正是对普世权利的尊重指导着美国向其他国家开放，尊重各种不同的文化，致力于遵守国际法，并对未来抱有信念。

这些都是你们应当了解的美国的情况。我也知道中国有很多有待我们了解的情况。环顾一下这座伟大的城市——环顾一下这个大厅——我确信我们两个国家有一个很重要的共同点，那就是我们对未来的信念。美国和中国都不想满足于已取得的成就，止步不前。虽然中国是一个古老的国家，但你们显然也对未来满怀信心、雄心和使年轻一代能比这一代人更有作为的决心。

我们不但钦佩中国日益增长的经济，还赞赏你们在科学研究方面极不平凡的努力——从你们建设的基础设施到你们使用的技术，均体现出这种努力。中国现在是世界上最大的互联网使用国——这也是我们今天很高兴能把互联网作为此次活动的一部分的原因。这个国家目前拥有世界上最大的移动电话网络，它正在投资发展既能维持可持续增长，又能应对气候变化的新型能源——我期待着明天在这个至关重要的领域中深化两国的合作关系。然而，最重要的是，我在你们身上看到了中国的未来——年轻一代的聪明才智、献身精神和梦想将为塑造21世纪发挥巨大作用。

我已说过多次，我相信我们现在的世界是紧密相连的。我们所做的工作，我们所建设的繁荣，我们所保护的环境，以及我们所寻求的安全——所有这一切都是共有的。鉴于这种相互联系，在21世纪，权力不应再成为一场零和游戏；一国的成功发展不应以他国为代价。这也就是为什么美国坚决表示我们不谋求遏制中国的崛起。恰恰相反，我们欢迎中国成为国际社会中一个强大、繁荣、成功的成员——一个从你们这样的每个中国人的权利、实力和创造力中获得力量的中国。回到前面提到的那句古语——回顾过去。我们知道，大国之间选择合作而非对抗会带来更大的惠益。这是人类不断汲取的一个教训，我们两国的关系史中也不乏其例。我深信，合作必须不止于政府间的合作。合作必须植根于我们的人民——植根于我们共同进行的研究，我们的商贸活动，我们所学到的知识，乃至我们的体育运动。这些桥梁必须由你们这样的年轻人和美国的年轻人共同构筑。

因此，我高兴地宣布，美国准备将在中国留学的美国学生人数大幅度增加到10万人。这种交流是对在我们两国人民之间建立联系的明确承诺，毫无疑问，你们将帮助决定21世纪的命运。我完全相信，对美国来说，再好的使者莫过于我们的年轻人。因为他们和你们一样，才华横溢，充满活力，对有待书写的历史篇章充满乐观。

那么，就让这个举措成为我们稳步寻求合作的下一个步骤，这种合作有利于我们两国乃至整个世界。如果能从今天的对话中得到一点启示的话，我希望那就是致力于今后继续进行这种对话。

非常感谢诸位。现在我希望回答你们大家提出的一些问题。非常感谢。（掌声。）

我只想确保这能进行得顺利。顺便提一句，这是一种在美国的这类直接对话会中十分常见的传统做法。我们要做的是——如果你想提问，就请举手。我会叫到你。我会交替回答现场观众的问题和学生们代为提出的来自互联网的问题，还有，我想洪博培大使可能会提一个我们通过大使馆网站征集到的问题。

让我们开始吧，先看看——我来采取这样的做法：先叫一位男生，再叫一位女生，然后——这样轮流，以便大家认为公平。好吗？首先我要请前排这位年轻女士提问。请等一下拿到麦克风再讲，让大家都能听到。你叫什么名字？

问：我的名字叫（听不清），我是复旦大学的学生。自1985年以来，上海与芝加哥就结为了姐妹城市，两座城市在经济、政治和文化方面进行了各种广泛的的交流活动。那么，您将采取什么举措来加深美国与中国各城市间的这种紧密联系？上海将于明年举办世界博览会。您会带着您的家人来参观世博会吗？谢谢。

奥巴马总统: 十分感谢你提出这个问题。我来这里之前，恰在与上海市长共进午餐，他告诉我，他与芝加哥市——我的家乡——有着极好的关系，他已经到芝加哥市访问过两次。我认为城市之间进行交流是非常好的事。

我与上海市长讨论的内容之一是，两座城市如何能够在清洁能源战略上彼此学习，因为把中国与美国联系在一起的问题之一是：随着人口的增长和对气候变化的担忧，我们如何能够减少我们两国的碳足迹。显然，在美国和许多发达国家中，按人口、按每个人平均计算，他们使用的能源比起在中国这里的每个人使用的能源要多得多。但随着中国的增长和发展，它也将使用更多的能源。因此两国都十分想要找到新的战略。

我们谈到了公共交通及上海正在发展的优异的轨道线。我认为我们在芝加哥和美国可以从正在建造的精良的高速轨道工程中学习一些东西。

在美国，我想我们正在学习建造使用更少能源、节能效率更高的建筑。而我知道，就上海来说——我一路过来看到那么多起重机和那么多正在建造中的新楼房，我们开始吸收这些新技术十分重要，从而将使每幢大楼在照明方面、在取暖方面都做到节能。因此我认为这是一个向彼此学习的很好的机会。

我知道，清洁能源将成为上海世界博览会的一个主要焦点——我从上海市长那里了解到这一点。因此我将乐于出席。我现在还无法确定我未来的日程安排；但我感到十分高兴的是，在上海世博会里将有一个十分精彩的美国馆。我听说预计将有多达7000万人来参观。因此这里将会人山人海，而且会十分激动人心。

芝加哥在历史上曾举办过两次世博会，那两次世博会都给这座城市带来了巨大推动力。我确信同样的情况会在上海这里出现。

谢谢。（掌声）

让我们从网上的提问中选一个问题吧。请介绍你自己，万一 ……

问：我先说中文，再说英语，好吗？

奥巴马总统：好的。

问：我提的这个问题来自互联网。我要谢谢总统先生在您任期内第一年访问中国，在中国与我们交换意见。我想知道您这次访问中国给中国带来什么，您又将带什么回美国？（掌声）

奥巴马总统：我这次访问的主要目的是，加深了解中国以及中国对未来的展望。我与胡主席已经有多次会晤。我们共同参加了应对经济金融危机的20国集团会议。我们就一系列广泛议题进行了磋商。但是我认为，美国继续加深对中国的了解非常重要，正如中国也同样需要继续加深了解美国。

至于我希望从这次会晤或从这次访问中看到什么成果，除了借这个绝好的机会参观故宫和长城，并与在座的各位见面——这些都是主要内容——我还打算与胡主席讨论一个要点，也就是洪博培大使前面谈到的，没有美国和中国的共识，就无法战胜多少全球性的挑战。

我来举一个具体例子，这就是我们刚刚谈到的气候变化问题。美国和中国是世界上最大的两个温室气体放排及碳排放国，这种排放导致地球变暖。如我在前面所说，美国作为一个高度发达的国家，人均能源消耗量和温室气体排放量比中国高得多。另一方面，中国的增长速度更快，人口更多。因此，除非我们两国有意愿在这个问题上采取关键步骤，否则我们就无法解决这个问题。

在定于12月举行的哥本哈根会议上，世界领导人将努力寻找一项方案，使我们大家都能够作出各自不同的承诺，对各国承担的义务有所区分——显然，因为中国贫困人口多得多，因此不必采取与美国完全相同的行动——但是，在计划如何减少温室气体方面，我们大家都应承担一定的义务。

这个例子说明了我希望在这次会晤中看到什么成果——我将与胡主席交换想法，讨论美中两国如何能够共同发挥领导作用。因为，我可以告诉你们，世界上其他国家将等待着我们。他们将观察我们的行动。如果他们认为美国和中国并不认真对待这个问题，那么他们也就不会认真对待它。这是我们两国现在肩负的领导责任。我的希望是，通过越来越多的讨论和对话，我们能够向世界更多地展示我们在许多这些关键问题上的领导作用。好不好？（掌声）

好吧，下面该轮到男生了，对吗？我来请这位小伙子提问。

问：总统先生，下午好。我来自同济大学。我想引用孔子的一句话：“有朋自远方来不亦乐乎”。在《论语》中有一句名言叫和而不同。中国倡导一个和谐世界。我们知道美国形成了一种以多元化为特点的文化，请问您的这届政府会采取哪些措施来建设一个由不同文化组成的多元化世界？您会采取哪些措施尊重其他国家不同的文化和历史？我们将来能进行哪些合作？奥巴马总统：这一点提得非常好。美国的优势之一就是我们有一种非常多元化的文化。我们那里有来自世界各地的人。因此，对于美国人长什么样不能一言以蔽之。以我自己的家庭为例，我父亲来自肯尼亚，我母亲来自美国中西部的堪萨斯州，我妹妹有一半的印度尼西亚血统，她又嫁给了一位华裔加拿大人。因此，我们奥巴马全家的聚会就像联合国一样。（笑声）

而这就是美国的力量所在，因为它意味着我们从不同的文化、不同的饮食和不同的想法中学到东西，这使我们的社会变得更加生机勃勃。

与此同时，每个国家在相互连通的世界中都拥有自己的文化、自己的历史和自己的传统。因此，我认为对于美国来讲重要的一点是，不能自认为对我们有利的东西也一定会给其他人带来好处。我们在对待其他国家时态度应当谦虚。

但我必须说明，正如我在开场白中所说的那样，我们确实认为一些基本原则是人所共有的，不论文化背景如何。例如，在联合国，我们非常积极地努力确保世界各地的儿童都享有某些基本权利——如果儿童受到剥削，如果他们被强迫做童工，尽管以前在包括美国在内的许多国家都可能发生过这样的事情，但是世界上所有的国家现在都应当发展到能以比过去更好的方式对待儿童的程度。这是一种普世价值观。

我相信在对待妇女的态度上也是如此。我在来这里之前同上海市长共进午餐并进行了很有意思的讨论，他告诉我现在中国高等院校中有很多专业的在校女生实际上比男生多，而且她们的学习非常好。我认为这是一个极好的进步指标，因为纵观世界各地的发展就会看到，一个国家的发展是否成功的最重要指标之一，就是该国女童受教育的情况以及妇女享有的待遇。而那些能够发挥妇女的聪明才智和能量，并能为她们提供良好教育的国家，通常比那些没有这么做的国家有更好的经济发展。

当然，不同的文化对男性和女性之间的关系可能会有不同的态度，不过我认为美国的观点是，我们必须申明全世界妇女的权利。如果我们看到女性在一些社会中受到压迫，得不到机会，或遭受暴力，我们将大声疾呼。

有些人可能不同意我们的观点，我们可以就此展开对话。但我们认为有必要恪守我们的理念和价值观。当然，我们在这样做的时候必须谦逊，必须认识到我们自己并非十全十美，在很多问题上还有待取得进展。如果你们问一问美国妇女，她们会告诉你，有一些男性对妇女在社会中的地位还抱着老观念不放。因此，我们不能说我们解决了全部问题，但我们认为必须为这些普世理念和这些普世价值观大声疾呼。好吧。下面要回答一个通过互联网提出的问题。

问：您好，总统先生。我非常荣幸能来到这里见到您本人。

奥巴马总统：谢谢你。

问：我将读一个从网上选出的对您的提问，这个问题是一个台湾人提出的。他在提问时说：我来自台湾，现在在大陆做生意。由于两岸关系近年来不断改善，我现在在大陆的生意做得很好。因此，当我听到美国有人要提议——继续向台湾出售武器的消息时，我开始感到非常担心。我担心这会破坏海峡两岸的关系。因此，总统先生，我想知道您是否支持改善两岸关系。当然，这个问题虽然是一位商人提出的，但所有年轻的中国学生其实都非常关心这个问题，所以我们特别希望了解您在这个问题上的立场。谢谢。（掌声）

奥巴马总统：谢谢你。我一贯明确表示，本届政府完全支持一个中国的政策，即几十年前发布的三个联合公报所阐明的我们与中华人民共和国的关系以及我们与台湾的关系。我们不想改变这项政策和这项方针。

我非常高兴地看到紧张局势的缓解和海峡两岸关系的改善，而且我非常盼望和希望我们能继续看到台湾和中国其他地区在解决很多这类问题时显著改善关系。

我认为，美国在对外政策中，也包括在对中国的政策中，一直寻求的是通过对话和谈判解决问题的途径。我们一贯认为这是最好的途径。而且我认为，这个地区正在建立的经济和商贸联系有助于缓解很多在你们出生前，甚至在我出生前就已形成的紧张关系。

但有些人在考虑这些问题时仍然向后看，而不是展望未来。我更愿意展望未来。就像我刚才说的，我认为正在建立的商贸关系——当人们认为他们能够做生意赚钱时，有些因素会使他们的想法变得非常清楚，而不致过分担心意识形态的问题。我认为这个地区已经开始出现这种变化，而且我们非常支持这一进程。

好吧，该轮到女生了，是吧？就是这一位。等一下，让我们——哎呦，对不起，他们把话筒拿回到这边了。下一个问题我再请你提。

请讲，我一会儿到这边来。请讲。

问：谢谢您。

奥巴马总统：我过一会儿再请你提问。我要先叫她，然后再叫你。请讲。

问：好的，谢谢您。总统先生，我是上海交通大学的学生。我想请问一个关于诺贝尔和平奖的问题。依您之见，您获得诺贝尔和平奖的主要原因是什么？它会给您更多责任和压力来促进世界和平吗？它会对您处理国际事务的想法产生影响吗？非常感谢。

奥巴马总统：谢谢。这个问题提得很好。我必须说，没有人比我对赢得诺贝尔和平奖更感到吃惊。这当然是一项殊荣。基于过去获奖者的辉煌历史，我不认为我的获奖是完全实至名归的。但是，我只能谦卑地接受这一事实，也就是，使委员会受到感动的是美国民众以及那种不仅让美国发生改变、而且让美国对世界的方针发生改变的可能性。因此我想，以某种方式说，虽然他们颁给我这个奖，但我更只是一个象征，代表了我们在处理国际事务方面改变做法的努力。

至于我所感受的重担，我能担任总统一职着实为莫大的荣幸。每当我抱怨工作太繁重时，我的妻子总是提醒我：“你可是自愿要做这份工作的。”（笑声）我不知道中国是否有类似的谚语，但是我们美国人会说：“你铺了床，就得在上面睡觉。”大意是，你在许愿时要当心，因为你可能真的会如愿。

我们大家都有促进世界和平的义务。这并非总是易事。世界上依然存在很多几世纪以来尚未解决的冲突。看看中东，有些战争和冲突是基于千年之前的争论。在全球的很多地方，例如非洲，还有一些难以解决的民族和部落冲突。

显然，目前我身为美国总统，职责之一是担任三军统帅，而我的首要任务是保护美国人民。由于“9.11”袭击和世界各地的恐怖袭击造成无辜人民的伤亡，我的责任就是确保我们根除这些恐怖组织，并且和其他国家合作解决这类暴力问题。

然而，尽管我不认为我们可以完全消除国家或民族之间的暴力，我还是认为我们肯定可以减少民族之间的暴力——通过对话、交换意见、以及增进民族和文化之间的理解。

特别是在今天，只要一个人引爆一颗炸弹就能造成大规模的破坏，因此我们比以往任何时候都要更加努力推进促进和平的策略。技术可以是为人类造福的强大工具，但是也能让少数人有机可乘，造成极大的损害。所以我衷心希望在我和胡主席会面时以及双方的持续交往中，美中两国能够携手合作，设法减少正在发生的种种冲突。

然而，我们要在这样做，在我们动用军队的时候，还需想到，因为我们是如此强有力的大国，因此必须时刻反省我们的作为，检视我们的动机和自身的利益，确保我们不会仅仅因为没有人能够阻止我们就使用武装力量。大国强国的责任之一就是，在国际社会中以负责任的态度行事。我希望美中两国能够协力创建一个减少全球冲突的国际规范。（掌声）

好。怎么样？Jon——我将让我的大使提问，我想他有一个通过使馆网站提的问题。这是个挑选出来的问题，我想是由是我们美国记者团成员挑选的，所以….洪博培大使：对。而且毫不奇怪：“在一个有3亿5千万网民，6千万博客的国家，你听说没听说过防火墙？” 第二，“我们该不该能够自由使用Twitter（叽喳网）？”——就是这个问题。

奥巴马总统：首先，我要说，我从没用过Twitter。我注意到，年轻人他们都忙着这些电子东西。我的指头在电话上打字有些不灵。但是，我对技术深信不疑，我深信信息交流的开放性。我以为，信息交流得越自由，社会就越强大，因为这样世界各国的公民可以向自己的政府问责。他们会开始独立思考，从而产生新思想，鼓励创造性。

所以，我从来都是一个互联网公开使用的支持者。我大力支持信息不受管制。这也是我刚才所说的美国传统的一部分，我认识到不同的国家有不同的传统。我可以告诉你们，在美国，我们具有的自由的互联网——或者说上网无限制，是我们力量的一个来源，我觉得应该得到鼓励。

我应该告诉你们，我应该坦诚地说，作为美国总统，有时候我倒希望信息传播得没有这么自由，因为这样我就不会老是听到别人批评我。我觉得人很自然地——当他们在有权有势的时候就会想，那个人怎么能那样说我，或者，那是不负责任的，等等。然而事实是，由于在美国信息是自由交流的，在美国有许多人批评我，说我什么的都有，我其实认为这让我们的民主体制更强大，也让我成为一个更好的领导人，因为这种做法迫使我倾听那些我不想听的意见，迫使我审视我每天的所作所为，看一看我是否为美国人民尽了全力。

我认为互联网成了这种公民参与的更强大的工具。其实，我能当选总统的原因之一，就是因为通过互联网我们能够调动起像你们这样的年轻人的参与。开始的时候，谁也不认为我们能赢，因为我们并没有所必须的财力最大的人的支持，也没有最有势力的政治掮客。但通过互联网，人们对我们的竞选活动产生了激情，他们开始组织起来，聚会，安排竞选活动、事项和集会，最后成了真正的自下而上的运动，使我们能够干得出色。

而这并不仅是政府和政治事务的情形，商务也是如此。大家想想，像谷歌（Google）这样一个公司，仅在20年前——不到20年前，来自两位不比你们大多少的人的设想。当时它是一个科技项目。但突然间，因为互联网的缘故，他们能够创立起一个给世界各地商务带来变革的新产业。所以说，若不是有了互联网的自由和开放，就不会有谷歌。

因此，我大力支持不对互联网使用、互联网上网、以及Twitter等信息技术实行限制。我们越开放，就越能够沟通，这也将有助于让世界走到一起。

想一想——在我想到我的女儿玛莉娅（Malia）和萨夏(Sasha)的时候，她俩一个11岁，一个8岁，她们可以从自己的房间里上网，游历到上海。她们可以到世界任何一个地方，可以学习了解任何她们想了解的事情。她们拥有的是一种多么大的力量。我认为，这有助于推进我们刚才谈到的那种理解。

如我刚才所说，技术总有不利的一面。它也意味着恐怖分子能够以过去也许不可能的方式在网上组织起来。极端分子可以进行调动。所以，开放是有一些代价的，这不可否定认。但是，我认为，好处如此远远超过坏处，还是保持开放为好。这是我对这个论坛有互联网的部分感到高兴的原因。

我再回答两个问题，下一个问题来自一位男士，我想是。对，就在这里。给你麦克风。问：首先，我想说，我非常荣幸能站在这里向您提问，我觉得我的运气太好了，您的讲话如此清楚，我都用不着这样一个耳机。（笑声）

我的问题是这样的。我的姓名是（听不清），我是复旦大学管理学院的学生，我想问您这个问题——有人已经问过您有关诺贝尔和平奖的某个方面的事情，我不想再问同一方面的问题，我想要问：赢得这样崇高的荣誉是非常不容易的——我想要知道，我们都想知道，您是如何争取到的？您得到的是什么样的大学教育，帮助您获得了如此殊荣？我们都很好奇，我们想请您分享您的大学教育经历，以便走上成功之路。

奥巴马总统：首先，我要告诉你，我并不知道有一个能指引你赢得诺贝尔和平奖的教学大纲或者课程。（笑声）所以我不能给你保证。但是我想，获得成功的诀窍其实就是你现在已经在实践的。毫无疑问，你们都十分努力，你们在努力学习，你们有好奇心，你们愿意思考新的思想，并且自己作思考。你们知道，我现在所碰到的最激励我的成功者，是那些不仅愿意十分努力地工作，而且总是在提高自己的人，他们不断探索新思路，而不是仅仅墨守成规。

当然，通向成功的道路各不相同，你们中的一些人将进入政府机构；有些可能想成为教师或教授；也有些人可能想进入商贸界。但是我想，无论你进入哪个领域，如果你能持续不断地提高自己，不尽全力决不满足，而且不断提出新问题——“我是否还能用不同的方式来做？” 无论是在科学技术还是艺术领域，“是否还有没人想到过的新的解决问题的途径？”——我想这样一些人通常能够超群出众。

我还有最后一点建议，这个建议曾经使我受益匪浅，那就是我最敬仰的那些成功人士们，他们不是仅为自己着想，而是还考虑超越个人范围的事情。他们希望为社会作出贡献。他们希望为自己的国家、自己的民族、自己的城市作出贡献。他们希望能够产生超出自己个人生活以外的影响力。

我想，我们许多人都会忙于给自己挣钱，买一辆好车，买一座舒适的房子——所有这些都重要，但是那些真正对世界产生永久性影响的人是因为他们有远大的理想。他们问自己：我如何帮助更多的人免遭饥饿？我如何帮助没上过学的儿童接受教育？我如何帮助以和平方式化解冲突？我认为只有这样的人才能最终对世界产生重大影响。我相信，只要像你们这样的年轻人继续努力下去，就能够产生这样的影响。

还有问题吗？好，这是最后一个问题。很遗憾，时间过得真快，最后回答一个网友的提问，因为我希望确保我们这三位出色的学生都有机会提问。

问：总统先生，很荣幸能提最后一个问题。我是复旦大学的学生，今天我也是中国青年[听不清]的代表。我想这是一个来自北京的问题：非常关注您的阿富汗政策。他想知道，恐怖主义是否仍然是美国最大的安全威胁？您如何评估在阿富汗的军事行动？它是否会演变成另一场伊拉克战争？非常感谢您。

奥巴马总统：我认为这是一个非常好的问题。首先，我继续认为美国安全面临的最大威胁是像“基地”组织那样的恐怖主义网络。原因是，虽然他们人数很少，但他们已经表明他们毫无人性，不惜滥杀无辜民众。由于今天的技术，如果一个这样的组织得到大规模毁灭性武器——例如核武器、化学武器或生物武器——并且在一个城市使用，无论是在上海还是纽约，少数几个人就可能杀害数万人甚至数十万人。因此，这的确构成极大的威胁。

我们最初进入阿富汗的原因是因为“基地”组织在那里，塔利班接纳了他们。现在他们已经越过阿富汗边界进入巴基斯坦，但他们在该地区保持了与其他极端主义组织建立的网络。我确信，我们有必要在阿富汗实现稳定，使阿富汗人民能够保护自己，同时作为伙伴来帮助削弱这些极端主义网络的力量。

显然这是非常困难的事情——在我的工作中，最难做的决定之一就是命令年轻人奔赴战场。我经常要会见那些阵亡官兵的父母亲，那些军人不能再回家。这于我是一个精神重负，我为此感到沉痛。

幸运的是，我们的武装部队——这些从军的年轻人——他们坚信为国奉献，自愿去前线。我相信，通过更广泛的联盟，包括我们的北约盟国和其他贡献力量的盟友——如澳大利亚——我们有可能帮助训练阿富汗人，使他们有一个能够发挥作用的政府，拥有自己的安全部队，然后我们可以逐步撤回我们的部队，因为到那时已经不存在塔利班下台后所形成的真空。

但这是一项艰巨的任务，并不容易。我认为，要最终击败这些恐怖主义极端分子，我们必须理解这不仅仅是一项军事行动。我们还要知道是什么驱使年轻人变成恐怖分子，他们为什么愿意充当自杀爆炸手。显然，这有很多不同的原因，其中包括对宗教的歪曲，使人们误认为这种暴力行为是正当的。巴基斯坦和阿富汗等地之所以发生那些事件，原因之一是那些年轻人没有受过教育，也没有进取机会，所以他们在生活中看不到出路，这使得他们以为那样做是惟一的选择。

因此，我们在阿富汗要做的事情之一是寻找途径来培训教师，建立学校，改善农业，给人民以更大的希望。这样做不会改变乌萨马·本·拉登（Osama bin Laden）之流的想法，他们的意识形态是根深蒂固的，就是要打击西方。但这样做会改变那些他们想要招募的年轻人，这很重要。从长远来看，这至少和我们所能采取的任何军事行动同等重要，甚至更为重要。好吗？

好。我感到非常愉快。非常感谢各位。首先我想说我非常钦佩你们每一个人的英语水平，显然你们很用功。有机会和大家见面使我感到美中关系的未来充满希望。

我希望你们很多人有机会来美国旅行和访问。你们会受到欢迎。我相信你们会发现美国人民对中国人民是很热情的。我深信，有了你们这些年轻人和我所知道的美国年轻人，我们两个伟大的国家将继续繁荣昌盛，并帮助创造一个更加和平、安全的世界。

因此，非常感谢各位。谢谢你们。（掌声）

中国当地时间下午2:08（完）

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