第一篇：人大宪政考博真题
中国人民大学
2003 年宪法与行政法专业试 题
一、名词解释（每词 4 分，共 20 分）
1〃民族自治权
2〃表达自由
3〃看守内阁
4〃行政优益权
5〃行政行为的确定力
二、简答题（每题 15 分，共 60 分）
1〃简述全国人大常委会进行违宪审查的程序。
2〃简述近代宪法产生以来在内容上发展的基本标志。
3〃简述议会制下议会与内阁的相互关系。
4〃简述行政程序的基本制度。
三、论述题（共 70 分）
1〃论制宪权与立法权的关系。（40 分）
2〃论行政听证的意义。（30 分）
中国人民大学
2003 年宪法与行政法专业综 合（法理学、中国法制史、刑法、民法、诉 讼法）试题
法理学部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 3 分，共 9 分）
1〃立法程序
2〃法典编纂
3〃法律推理
二、简答题（共 21 分）
1〃确定法的效力等级通常应当遵循哪些原则？（10 分）
2〃简要回答违法的构成要件。（11 分）
中国法制史部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 3 分，共 9 分）
1〃爰书
2〃六赃
3〃京察
二、简答题（共 21 分）
1〃简述《法经》的主要篇目和内容。（10 分）
2〃简述《大清新刑律》所确立的刑法体系。(10 分)
刑法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 3 分，共 9 分）
1〃罪刑法定
2〃没收财产
3〃抢夺罪
二、简答题（共 21 分）
1〃简述我国刑法对刑事责任年龄的规定。（10 分）
2〃简述贪污罪的构成特征。（11 分）
民法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 3 分，共 9 分）
合伙 无权代理 诉讼时效
二、简答题（共 21 分）
1〃简述我国《合同法》关于格式条款的规定。（10 分）
2〃简述抵押权的特性。（11 分）
诉讼法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 3 分，共 9 分）
1〃诉讼代表人
2〃代位申请执行
3〃刑事诉讼管辖
二、简答题
1〃简述诉讼财产保全。（10 分）
2〃简述刑事诉讼中的立案监督。（11 分）
中国人民大学
2004 年宪法与行政法专业试 题
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 30 分）
1〃立宪主义
2〃宪法判例
3〃住宅安全权
4〃财产权
5〃即时性行政强制
6〃行政立法
二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 50 分）
1〃简述宪法制定权的界限。
2〃美国三权分立的权力制衡及其表现。
3〃简述宪法解释的基本功能。
4〃宪法修改的限制。
5〃行政诉讼的基本原则。
三、论述题（70 分）
1〃论我国公民基本权利的宪法救济。（40 分）
2〃论行政行为的效力。（30 分）
中国人民大学
2004 年宪法与行政法专业综 合（法理学、中国法制史、民法、刑法、诉 讼法）试题
法理学部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃法律监督
2〃法律解释
3〃立法程序
4〃保护性法律关系
二、简答题（10 分）
简述社会主义法和社会主义民主政治的相互关系。
中国法制史部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃圜土
2〃出入人罪
3〃通政使司
4〃刑名幕友
二、简答题（10 分）
简述从《法经》“具律”到隋唐律“名例律”的发展演变。
刑法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃犯罪预备
2〃特别累犯
3〃牵连犯
4〃重大责任事故罪
二、简答题（10 分）
简述犯罪不作为的概念及其成立条件。
民法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃附条件的法律行为
2〃质押
3〃代书遗嘱
4〃邻接权
二、简答题（10 分）
简述我国《合同法》对缔约过失责任的规定。
诉讼法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 10 分）
1〃涉外财产保全
2〃补充侦查
二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）
1〃简述民事诉讼中的缺席判决。
2〃简述刑事诉讼中的公开审判。
中国人民大学 2005 年宪法学与行政法
专业试题
一、名词解释
1〃宪政
2〃司法审查
3〃宪法关系
4〃生命权
5〃行政补偿
二、简答题
1〃宪法修正案关于财产权保护的规定。
2〃简述人民法院依法独立行使职权的内涵。
3〃行政相对人的权利义务。
4〃行政执法的基本程序。
三、论述题
1〃宪法修改与非公有制经济发展的关系。
2〃行政许可的设定范围与意义。
中国人民大学
2005 年宪法与行政法专业综 合（法理学、中国法制史、刑法、民法、诉 讼法）试题
法理学部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃法的历史类型
2〃立法技术
3〃法规清理
4〃法律事实
二、简答题（10 分）
简述法律调整的过程。
中国法制史部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃五听
2〃录囚
3〃大清新刑律
4〃领事裁判权
二、简答题（10 分）
简述“礼之所去，刑之所取，出礼则入刑”的含义。
刑法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃正当防卫
2〃时效中断
3〃假释
4〃职务侵占罪
二、简答题（10 分）
简述共同犯罪的概念及其成立条件。
民法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 20 分）
1〃双方代理
2〃人格
3〃合同解除
4〃职务发明
二、简答题（共 10 分）
我国物权法的基本原则。
诉讼法部分（共 30 分）
一、名词解释（每词 5 分，共 10 分）
1〃无独立请求权的第三人
2〃刑事简易程序
二、简答题（每题 10 分，共 20 分）
1〃简述民事举证责任倒置情形。
2〃简述补充侦查概念及其种类。
中国人民大学法学院 2006 考试试题
综合课试题
法制史
保辜 六杀 内乱 法部 简述《钦定宪法大纲》的结构和主要内容
年硕士入学
宪法
宪法渊源 自治条例 宗教信仰自由 行政区划
简述我国中央人民政府对特别行政区行使的权利
刑法
犯罪对象 自首 犯罪中止 抢劫罪
简述附加刑的种类和内容
民法 请求权 预期违约 物权法定原则 署名权 简述共同侵权行为概念和责任分配
诉讼法
直接言辞原则 诉讼和解 简述讯问犯罪嫌疑人的程序 简述民事诉讼中被告人的答辩
一、名词解释 信用权 汇票的承兑
民商法试题 网络域名权 夫妻约定财产制 口头遗嘱
二、简答
1〃简述建筑承包工程款优先权的效力
2〃简述分期付款买卖中所有权及风险的转移
3〃简述我国证券公开发行制度
三、论述
1〃试论民事权利、义务、责任的相互关系
2〃试论不动产物权变动的要件
3〃结合 05 年公司法修订论述公司法规范的强制性和任意性
国际法试题
一、名词解释
特许经营协议
投资特许协议
人际法律冲突
系属
无害通过
二、简答
外交保护
1.最密切联系原则在我国国际私法上的应用
2.我国区际法律冲突的特点
3.信用证体系的一般原则
4.双边投资协议的主要内容
三、论述
1.国际法院和国际刑事法院的管辖权及其异同。
2.一段“某国”的入世协定书,主要是一个承诺,然后请分析这个承诺表达了什么国际法待遇 原则并结合材料分析。
诉讼法试题
简述纠问式诉讼模式的特征； 口供自愿规则的保障措施； 公证法与民事诉讼法的关系； 执行中止的法定事由； 控审分离原则； 刑诉法再修改的背景； 检察机关参与民事诉讼； 民事诉讼中的送达制度。
刑法试题
一、名词解释
减刑
刑法的空间效力
特别累犯
诈骗罪
间接故意
单位犯罪
二、简答
1〃牵连犯的概念和构成特征
2〃犯罪客体与犯罪对象的联系、区别
3〃行贿罪概念和构成特征
4〃生产销售伪劣产品罪
5〃破坏交通工具罪
三、论述
1〃绑架罪特征、认定
2〃危害行为与危害结果的因果联系
一、名词解释
1〃环境影响报告书
2〃草原
3〃乡村环境
4〃清洁生产
5〃联合国人类环境宣言
二、简答 环境法试题
1〃环境与污染事故报告制度的内容
2〃有毒有害物质的概念和特征
3〃我国宪法环境保护的宪法性规定
4〃水资源保护的基本原则
三、论述
1〃环境行政执法方式
2〃科学发展观与环境法制度建设
一、名词解释
1〃宪法变迁
2〃结社自由
3〃通讯自由
4〃行政裁决
二、简答
宪法行政法试题
1〃简述宪法规范变动的形式
2〃简述法律保留的含义和我国法律保留的内容
3〃简述港澳基本法的保障体制
4〃简述行政法上的比例原则
三、论述
1〃从宪法学意义上论述禁讨行为的规定
2〃论我国抽象行政行为的司法审
第二篇：马克思主义考博真题
07年 马哲原理
1、试论马克思主义的哲学观。（40分）
2、试论马克思主义哲学的批判的革命的本质及其现实意义。（30分）
3、试论马克思恩格斯关于社会公平的思想。（30分）
原著
1、“人们自己创造自己的历史，但他们并不是随心所欲的创造自己的历史„„” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
2、“人的思维的至上性与非至上性……真理与谬误的……” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
3、“认识由感性到理性……从现象到本质，再到更深刻的本质”（关于现象和本质的那段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
4、“认识和实践……”（关于实践和认识无限反复循环的一段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
5、试论恩格斯在马克思主义哲学创立过程中的地位和作用。（20分）
6、试论马克思恩格斯关于政治解放和人类解放的关系的思想。（区别和联系）（20分）08年
马哲原理：
1.试述费尔巴哈和马克思关于人的论述。
2．阐述实践标准的确定性和不确定性的论述，并谈谈其现实意义。3．试论述历史规律的客观性及其特点。马哲史：
1.“人体解剖是猴体解剖的一把钥匙„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。2.“我们不能得意于对自然界的胜利„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。3.“考察的客观性。”要求说出出处、含义和意义。4．“使马克思主义哲学具有中国风格、中国气派”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。04年 马哲原理
1、如何从哲学角度理解社会发展。
2、实践在现实生活中的超越意义。原著
1、《提纲》的伟大变革。
2、列宁三者统一思想。
3、毛泽东《实践论》《反对本本主义》《人的正确思想从哪里来》的内在联系。05年 马哲原理
1、马克思主义中国化特点、主要经验及其意义。
2、和谐社会的哲学基础。
3、人与社会矛盾的当代特点及出路。原著
1、《提纲》第二条。
2、《政治经济学批判序言》两个“不会”“必然”。
3、《终结》 “过程集合体”。
4、列宁《谈谈辩证法问题》最后一段“唯心主义的认识论根源”。
5、文本研究对发展马哲的意义。06年：
马哲原理：
1、试论马克思主义世界历史理论对中国现代化的意义。
2、简述真理是一个过程的思想及其意义。
3、试述社会历史发展的决定论和选择论的辩证关系及其意义。原著：
1.引文为马克思《1857-1858手稿》中关于人的发展阶段理论一段话，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。
2、引文为为“随着自然科学的发展，唯物主义必然改变自己的形式......”一段话，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。
3、引文为列宁“两个归结于”一段论述，要求指出出处，解释文本并说明意义。
4、简述毛泽东在《实践论》和《矛盾论》中对马哲中国化的贡献。07年 马哲原理
1、试论马克思主义的哲学观。（40分）
2、试论马克思主义哲学的批判的革命的本质及其现实意义。（30分）
3、试论马克思恩格斯关于社会公平的思想。（30分）
原著
1、“人们自己创造自己的历史，但他们并不是随心所欲的创造自己的历史„„” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
2、“人的思维的至上性与非至上性……真理与谬误的……” 请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
3、“认识由感性到理性……从现象到本质，再到更深刻的本质”（关于现象和本质的那段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
4、“认识和实践……”（关于实践和认识无限反复循环的一段话）请说出这段论述的出处及含义、意义。（15分）
5、试论恩格斯在马克思主义哲学创立过程中的地位和作用。（20分）
6、试论马克思恩格斯关于政治解放和人类解放的关系的思想。（区别和联系）（20分）08年
马哲原理：
1.试述费尔巴哈和马克思关于人的论述。
2．阐述实践标准的确定性和不确定性的论述，并谈谈其现实意义。3．试论述历史规律的客观性及其特点。马哲史：
1.“人体解剖是猴体解剖的一把钥匙„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。2.“我们不能得意于对自然界的胜利„„”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。3.“考察的客观性。”要求说出出处、含义和意义。4．“使马克思主义哲学具有中国风格、中国气派”一段话，要求说出出处、含义和意义。
中国人民大学中国哲学专业历年考博试题
2000年： 西哲：
1、亚里士多德对柏拉图理念说的批判与继承。
2、安瑟尔谟关于上帝存在的本体论证明。
3、休谟因果说评述。
4、斯宾诺莎唯理论的认识。
5、费尔巴哈对黑格尔唯心主义体系的批评和继承。中哲；
1、庄子对老子思想的继承和发展。
2、《坛经》的心性论综述。
3、朱熹的格物致知思想述评。
4、章太炎儒学观的演变。
5、道家思想的现代意义。2001年 西哲
1、德谟克利特的原子论。
2、康德的感性。
3、经验论的。
4、托马斯·阿奎那的理性和信仰的关系。
5、黑格尔的矛盾。中哲：
1、离间白和合同异的异同。
2、郭象的独化论述评。
3、王阳明的“四句教”的哲学意义。
4、谭嗣同的仁学。
5、以德治国的现实意义。2002年 西哲：
1、柏拉图的理念论。
2、培根的四假象说。
3、休谟的习惯性联想。
4、托马斯·阿奎那关于上帝存在的证明。
5、康德的实践理性批判。中哲：
1、先秦天道观的区别。
2、董仲舒的人副天数说。
3、法藏华严宗的判教理论。
4、严复的中西观。
5、中西哲学的比较。2003年 西哲：
1、亚里士多德的四因说。
2、笛卡儿、斯宾诺莎、莱布尼茨的“天赋观念说”的异同。
3、贝克莱的“存在即是感知和被感知”。
4、黑格尔的辩证法述评。中哲：
1、老子的“道”的思想和现代意义。
2、葛洪对道家思想的改造。
3、二程学说的异同。
4、孙中山的进化论思想。
5、中国哲学同现代化的关系。2004年 西哲：
1、柏拉图理念论。
2、斯宾诺莎实体学说。
3、康德“哥白尼革命”。
4、黑格尔的“思维与存在的同一性。” 中哲：
1、荀子对孔子“礼”思想的继承和发展。
2、南北朝时佛性与人性之辨。
3、王廷相的道体论及其在气学中的地位。
4、维新派知行观的特点。
5、儒佛价值观的融合与冲突。2005年 西哲：
1、亚里士多德的中道思想与孔子中庸思想比较。
2、笛卡儿是在面临什么样的挑战下提出他的形而上学基础的？他是如何构建他的形而上学基础的？
3、贝克莱的“存在即感知与被感知”。
4、康德的“人为自然立法”。中哲：
1、先秦法家的道论。
2、董仲舒对先秦儒家的改造。
3、朱熹的“无极太极之辩”
4、康有为哲学创新中的中国特色。
5、中国哲学中天人关系的现代意义。2007年 中哲： 1．《易传》的哲学思想 2．葛洪的哲学思想 3．《四书》与宋明理学的关系 4．龚自珍、魏源的哲学思想 5．“和”的中国哲学资源 西哲：
1．柏拉图的洞穴隐喻
2．斯宾诺莎的伦理学思想与庄子人生哲学的异同 3．康德的纯粹理性批判 4．举例说明西方哲学概念在诠释中国哲学中的积极作用和消极作用
2009年（凭记忆，可能有误差，请谅解）中哲：
1，儒家的仁爱和墨家兼爱之间的异同 2，董仲舒的天人合一思想 3，宋明理学中天理的含义
4，评述康有为的“公羊三世说” 5，评述中国儒学与现代化的兼容性 西哲：
1，普罗泰格拉“人是万物的尺度”，并用柏拉图的理念论加以评析 2，中世纪两大派
3，康德是怎样完成他的批判的
4，逻各斯和中国哲学中“道”的异同 中国人民大学2010年博士初试题目 中国哲学：
道家哲学的现实意义近代国学争论 宋明理学分系
《易传》中的天人思想 华严宗一与多关系 综合： 一
1.人与自然的关系及其现实意义 2.唯物史观实现的革命性变革
3.为什么说实践的观点是马克思主义认识论的首要的基本的观点
二
1.庄子的齐物论
2.道教的一个什么思想
3.朱熹的“理一分殊”
4.科学规律的合理性与可错性，并举例说明
三
1.柏拉图为什么把世界二重化，分为可知世界与可感世界？从知识论和存在论的角度回答 2.笛卡尔为什么坚持身心二元论？它的形而上学意义及缺陷
3.黑格尔的思维与存在的统一
4.论可能世界 专业课：2011
历史唯物主义在马克思主义中的地位和作用。
马克思恩格斯公平观。
“黑人就是黑人，只有在一定关系下，黑人才是奴隶；纺纱机就是纺织棉花的工具，只有在一定关系下，纺纱机才是资本。”这段话的出处、含义以及意义。
“考察的客观性（不是枝节，是自在之物本身）”，这句话的出处、含义以及意义。
哲学综合：
马哲原理（三选二）
历史唯物主义的基本观点以及对社会科学方法论的意义
矛盾特殊性的含义以及在实际工作中的意义
科学技术是第一生产力
西哲（四选二）
什么是怀疑主义？怀疑主义在西方哲学史上的意义
亚里士多德“
”（一段关于存在论的话），谈谈这种科学的特征以及在西方哲学史上的演变
上帝本体论证明以及康德对证明的批判
逻辑是什么，它的哲学含义
第三篇：北京师范大学心理学考博真题
北京师范大学2013年《心理学研究方法》考博真题
一、（20分）多维度-多特质矩阵，给出两个量表，要求写出区分效度和相溶效度，能否从表格信息解释量表的构想效度，如果能，给出分析；如果不能，提出解释其效度的方案
二、（10分）表面效度的概念，为什么能力测试和人格测试都要注意表面效度
三、（10分）共同方法偏差的来源，如果进行统计检验，如何控制共同方法偏差
四、（20分）修订国外的大兴人格问卷，并建立中国常模的步骤和注意事项
五、（20分）结构方程模型和回归分析对比，举出结构方程在实际中的应用（至少5点）
六、（20分）横断设计和纵向设计的比较，给出两个智力不同成分的发展曲线图，让判断分别是什么研究设计，哪一个设计更有优势，并说出其可能的缺陷。
第四篇：2013四川大学精神病学考博真题
2013年四川大学博士考试真题（精神病学）
1、名词解释
自知力、认知功能障碍、木僵、原发性妄想、随境转移
2、应激相关障碍有哪些？并叙述其临床特征。
3、请比较中国精神病学和欧美精神病学有哪些差距？怎样才能缩小这些差距？
4、实验室研究、临床研究和流行病学研究在研究对象、研究设计、研究方法的特征分别是
什么？你会进行什么样的研究？
5、临床心理学包括哪些内容？如果你被录取，你会进行哪些方面的研究？
6、你认为临床误诊的主观、客观原因有哪些？怎样才能避免误诊？
第五篇：中国人民大学-考博英语真题
中国人民大学——英语2004年博士研究生入学考试试题
客观题部分
请用铅笔将此部分试题的答案填涂在答题卡上，否则无效！II.Vocabulary(10 points)PartA(5 points)Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices
marked iL B, C arm 1).Choose the:one thatbest completes the
sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across
the square bracket on ANSWER SHEET 1.Example: She prefers foreign wine to that produced__ A.previously B.vLrtually
C.primarily D.domestically The sentence should read,;“She prefers foreign wine to that produce domesticany.” Therefore, you should choose D.Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [D]
1.International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages__
patriotism.A.obsolete
B.aggressive C.harmonious D.amiable Z One call understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and __ to expressed thoughts.A.dilemmas B.countenances C.concessions D.junctions 3.People innately _____ for superiority over their peers although it sometimes takes the form of an exaggerated lust for power.A.strive
B.ascertain
C.justify D.adhere 4.Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife
for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.A.conservation B.maintenance C.storage
D.reserve 5.According to the latest report, consumer confidence___ a breathtaking 15 points.last month, to its lowest level in 9 years.A.soared
B.mutated
C.plummeted D.fluctuated 6.Melissa is a computer___ that destroyed files in computers and
frustrated thousands of users around the world.A.genius
B.vires
C.disease
D.bacteria 7.The emphasis:on examinations is iby far the.worst form of
competition in schools.A.negligent B.edible
C.fabulous D.disproportionate 8.The boy seemed more _____ to their poverty, after seeing how his
grandparents lived.A.reconciled
B.consolidated C.deteriorated
D.attributed 9.During his two-month stay, in China, Tom never____ a chance to
practice his Chinese.A.passed on B.passed up C.passed by D.passed out 10.When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his ____ can be
distributed.A.paradoxes B.legacies
C.platitudes D.analogin Part B(5 points)Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase
underlined.Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and
D.Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underiined part.Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square
bracket on ANSWER SHEET I.Example: The secretary is Very competent;she can finish all these letters within one
..;.,ca, ODe bour.A.careful
B.industrious C.clever
D.capable In this sentence, “competent” is closest-;n m e:zting to “capable”.Therefore you should choose D.Sample Answer
[A] [B] [C] [DD] 11.He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional
roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.A.depict
B.advocate
D;criticize D.analyze 12,.They achieved more than they had eyer dreamed, lending a magic tO their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.A.confirm B.achieve C.match
D exaggerate
13.The most urgent thing is to find a dump.for those toxic____ industrial wastes.A.imminent B.recyclable C.smelly D.poisonous i4.British Prime Minister Tony Blair promised the electorate that guns would nor be fired without an attempt to win a further U.N.sanction.A.allies
B.delegates C.voters
D.juries
15.The analysis suggests that the tradeoff between our :children's college and our own retirement security is ,chilling.A.frightening B.promising
C.freezing D.revealing 16.Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.A.secret plan B.bold attack
C.clever design D.joint effort 17.Evidence, reference, and foomotes by the thousand testify to a scrupulous researcher who does considerable justice to a full range of different beorefical and political positions.A.trustworthy B.intelligent
C.diligent D.meticulous 18.Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, them are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.A.intriguing B.exasperating: C.demonstrative D.unprovoked 19.The gang derived their nickname from their dark clothing and blacked up faces for.nocturnal raids in the forest.A.illegal
B.night-time
C, brutal D.abusive 20.Though sometimes too lazy to work as hard as her sisters, Linda has a more avid fondness for the limelight, A.mercurial B, gallant
C.ardent D.frugal III.Cloze(10 points)Directions : Read the following passage.Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on Answer Sheet I.Like many other aspects of the computer age, Yahoo began as an idea, ___ 21 ___ into a hobby and Iately has ____22 ____ into a full-time passion.The two developers of Yahoo, David Filo and Jerry Yang, Ph.D candidates ___ 23 _ Electrical Engineering at Stanford University, started theirguide in April 1994 as a way to keep 24 of their personal interest on the Intemet.Before long they ___25 ___ that their home,brewed lists were becoming too long and ____ 26____ Gradually they began to spend more andmore time on Yahoo.During 1994, they ____ 27____ yahoo into a customized database designed to____28_____ the needs of the thousands of users____29____ began to use the service through the closely ___ 30____ Intemet community.They developed customized software to help them___ 31 ___ locate, identify and edit material ___32___ on the Intemet.The name Yahoo is ____ 33____ to stand for “Yet
Another Hierarchical Officious Oracle”.but Filo and Yang insist they selected the ___34 ___ because they considered themselves yahoos.Yahoo? itself first ___ 35 ___ on Yang's workstation, “akebono”, while the search engine was ___ 36 ___ on Filo's computer, “Konishiki”.In early 1995 Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape Communication in Mountain View, California, invited Filo and Yang to move their files ___ 37___ to larger computers ___38____ at Netscape.As a result Stanford's computer network returned to ___ 39___ , and both parties benefiasc.Today, Yahoo___ 40 ___ organized information on tens of thousands of computers linked to the web.1.A.became
B.grew
C.mm
D.intend 2.A.made
B.saw
C.looked
D.turned 3.A.in
B.on
C.about
D.fer 4.A.touch
?.contact
C.n-ack
D.record 5.A.founded
E.found
C.argued
D.reported 6.A.unwieldy
B.tough
C.tamable
D invaluable
7.A.exchanged
B.shank
C.sold
D.converted 8.A.explain
B.serve
C.discover
D.evaluate 9.A.which
B.that
C.actually
D.eagerly 10.A.relative
B.interactive C.bound
D.contacted 11.A.fluently
B.efficiently C.exactly
D.actually 12.A.transmitted B.purchased C.sold
D.13.A.about
B.bound
C.going
D.supposed I4.A.fable
B.model
C.name
D.brand 15.A.supported
B.resided
C.lived
D.launched 16.A.connected B.lodged
C.introduced D.linked 17.A.over
B, away
C.inside
D.beneath 18.A.housed
B.caught
C.hosed
D.bidden 19.A.average
B.normal
C.ordinary
D.equal 20.A.attains
B.detains
C.maintains D.contains IV.Reading Comprehension(20 points)Directions: Read the following passages, decideon the best one of the choices marked A, B, C, and D for each question or unfinished statement and then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage 1
Guthrie's contiguity principle offers practical suggestions for how to break babies.One application of the thrcshoM method involves the time young children spend on academic activities.Young children have short attention spans, so the length of time they can sustain work on one activity is limited.Most activities are scheduled to last no longer than 30 to 40 minutes.However, at the start of the school year, attention spans quickly wane and behavior problems often
result.To apply Gutiarie's theory, a teacher might, at the start of the year, limit activities to 15 to 20 minutes.Over the next few weeks the teacher could gredually increase the time students spend working on a single activity.The threshold methoci also can be applied to teaching printing abd handwriting.When children first learn to form letters, their movements awkward and they lack free motor coordination.The distances between lines on a page are purposely wide so children can fit the letters into the space.If paper with narrow lines is initially introduced, students' letters would spill over the borders and students might become frustrated.Once students can form letters
within the larger borders, they can use paper with smaller borders to help them refine their skills.The fatigue method can be applied when disciplining disruptive students
who build paper airplanes and sail them across the room.The teacher can remove the students from the classroom, We them a large stack of paper, and tell them to start making paper airplanes.After the students have made several
airplanes, the activity should lose its attraction and paper will become a cue for not building airplanes.Some students continually race around the gym when they first enter their physical education class.To employ the fatigue method, theteacher might decide to have these students continue to run a few more laps after the class has begun.The incompatible response method can be used with students who talk and
misbehave in the media center.Reading is incompatible with talking.The media center teacher might ask the students'to find interesting books and read them while in the center.Assuming that the studentS find the books enjoyable, the media center will, over time, become a cue for selecting and reading books rather than for talking with other students.In a social studies class some students regularly fall asleep.The teacher realized that using the board and overhead projector while lecturing was very
boring.Soon the teacher began to incorporate other elements into each lesson, such as experiments, videotapes, and debates, in an attempt to involvs students and raise their interest in the course.41.The purpose of this passage is to___ A.inform B.persuade
C.debate
D.narrate 42.Guthrie identified three methods for__ A.educating students
B.altering bad habits C.avoiding undesired action
D.forming good hobbies 43.Which of the following is not the example of applying the threshold method? A.Parents introduce spinach in small bites or mixed with a food than the
child enjoys over time so that the child will not refuse to eat it.B.Teachers introduce academic content in short blocks of time for young
children and gradually increase session length but not to where students
become frustrated or bored.C.Paper with wider lines is first used and then paper with narrow lines is
introduced step by step to help children learn printing and handwriting.D.A child might be made to throw toys until it is no longer fan by his
parents in order to change his behavior of repeatedly throwing toys.44.To stop snacking while watching television, people should keep their hands busy by sewing, painting, working crossword puzzles, and so forth.Over time.watching TV becomes a cue for engaging in an activity other than snac 'king.What method is used in this example? A.The threshold method.B.The fatigue method.C.The incompatible response method.D.The punishment method.45.We can draw the conclusion from the passage that A.The incompatible response method is to force child to make unwanted
response repeatedly in presence of stimulus until he or she becomes
exhausted B.The threshold method refers to introducing undesired behavior with a
response incompatible with the undesired response so they can not be
performed simultaneously
C.The fatigue method means that engaging in the behavior is transformde
into avoiding it by introducing the stimulus at full strength so it becomes
a cue for not performing it D.The fatigue method is that in presence of stimulus teachers have child
make response incompatible with unwanted response Passage 2 The increase in global trade means that international companies cannot afford to make costly advertising mistakes if they want to be competitive.Understanding the language and culture of target markets in foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing.Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing wralts.Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising.General Motors, the US auto manufacturer, got a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrole Nova to the Puerto Rican market.“Nova” is Latin for new(star)“ and means ”star“ in many languages, but in spoken Spanish it can sound like ”no va“, meaning ”it doesn't go“.Few people wanted to buy a car with that cursed meaning.When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up” dramatically.Marketing blunders have also been made by food and beverage companies.3ne American food company's friendly “Jolly Green Giant”(for advertising ,egetables)became something quite different when it was translated into Arabic as “Intimidating Green Ogre”.When translated into German Pepsi's popular slogan, “Come Alive with Pepsi” came out implying “Come Alive from the Grave”.No wonder customers in Germany didn't rush out to buy Pepsi.Successful international marketing doesn't stop with good ranslafions--,-other aspects of culture must be researched and understood ff aarketers are to avoid blunders.When marketers do not understand and appreciate the values, tastes, geography, climate, superstitions, religion, or economy of a culture, they fail to capture their target market.For example, an American designer tried to introduce a new pentare ihto the Latin American market but the product aroused little interest.The mail reason was that the camellia used in it was traditionally used for funerals in many South American countries.Having awakened to the special nature of foreign advertising, companies are becoming much more conscientious in their translations and more sensitive to cultural distinctions.The best way to prevent errors is to hire professional translators who understand the target language and its idiomatic usage, or to use a technique
called “back translation” to reduce the possibility of blunders.The process uses one person to translate a message into the target language and another to translate it back.Effective translators aim to capture the, overall message of an advertisement because a word-for-word duplication of the original rarely conveys the intended meaning and often causes misunderstandings.In designing advertisements for other countries, messages need to be shot and simple.They should also avoid jokes, since what is considered funny in one part of the world may not be so humorous in another.46.The best title of this passage might be __.A.Culture Is Very Important ia Advertishag B.Avoid Cultural Misunderstanding between Nations C.Overcome Cultural Shock in Different Countries D.Advertisements Reflect Various Life Styles 47.What does the word “blunder” mean in this passage? A.hesitation B.mistake C.stutter D.default 48.Which of the following statements can be used to summarize the gist from Paragraph 3 to Paragraph 6? A.Cultural shocks
B.Faulty translations C.Avoid cultural oversights D.Prevent blunders 49.We can learn from the context in Paragraph 9 that the word “ca ” most probably mean____ A.an animal used in perfume for its smell B.a piece of fabric used both in perfume and at funerals C.a flower used in perfume for its fragrance and used for funerals D.an nrnament used in prefume and at funerals 50.One way to prevent errors in advertising in different countries is to___ A.fire the translators who don't know the target language.B.use the technique called “literal translation” to reduce the possibility of
blunders C.avoid cultural oversights and avoid certain jokes D.explain in details when designing advertisement for other countries Passage 3 It is not unusual for chief executives to collect millions of dollars a year in pay, stock options, and bonuses.In the last fifteen years, while executive remuneration rose, taxes in the highest income bracket went down.Millionaires are now commonplace.Amiability is not a prerequisite for rising to the top, and there are a number of chief executive officers with legendary bad tempers.It is not the boss's job to worry about the well-being of his subordinates although the man with many enemies wi！be swept out more quickly in hard times;it is the company he worries about.His business savvy is supposed to be based on intimate knowledge of.his company and the industry.so he goes home nightly with a full briefcase.At the very topexecutives are exceedingly dedicated.The American executive must be capable of enough small talk to get him through the social part of his schedule, but he is probably not a highly cultured individual or an intellectual.Although his wife may be on the board of the symphony or opera, he himself has little time for such pursuits.His reading may largely concern business and management, despite interests in other fields.Golf provides him with a sportive outlet that combines with some useful socializing.These days, he probably attempts some form of aerobic exercise to “keep the old heart in shape” and for the same reason goes easy on butter and alcohol, and substances thought to contribute to taking highly stressed executives out of the running.But his doctor's admonition to “take it easy” falls on deaf eyes.He likes to work.He knows there are younger men nipping at his heels.Corporate head-hunting, carried on by “executive search fares,” is a growing industry.America has great faith in individual talent, and dynamic and aggressive executives are so in demand that companies regularly raid each other's managerial ranks.51.We can infer from the second paragraph that___
A.promotion depends on amiability
B.chief executives do not work hard enough at the top level
C.it is the duty of the chief executive to look after the well-being of his
subordinates
D.a chief executive is expected to know more about his company and the
industry 52.The term “aerobic exercise”(fa'st line in second last paragraph)is a kind Of
____
A.hallucination exercise
B.physical exercise
C.meditation exercise
D.entertainment 53.From the last paragraph we can gather that ____
A.there are too many aggressive executives
B.individual talent is not essential for a company
C.the job of an “executive search rum” is corporate head-hunting
D.it is not common for companies to undermine each other's managerial
ranks 54.For executives, according to the article, a golf course is a pl where ________
A.they can conduct their business
B.they can indulge themselves
C.they can cultivate their mind
D.they can exercise as well as socialize 55.What is NOT tree according to the article? A.Executives tend to ignore doctors' advice and warnings.B.Executives are sensitive to pressure from the younger generation.C.All chief executives can earn millions of dollars a year.D.Executives are careful of what they eat.Passage 4 In November 1970 Yukio Mishima, together withsome of his fanatical followers from the ultranationalistic Shield Society WhiCh.he had four, dod in 1966, broke into the headquarters of Japan's Eastern Defense Forces armed with swords and daggers, overpowered some aides, tied up the commanding general, and demanded that the troops be assembled to hear a speech.Mishima addressed the troops for ten minutes, inciting them to rebel against the constitutional govemment imposed by the United States that had, in his words, “turned Japan spineless.” Receiving only ridicule in response, he returned to the general's office and there, before the general's unbelieving eyes, proceeded to kill himself in strict accordance with the tradifonal samurai ritual of seppuku.After Mishima had driven a dagger deep into his left abdomen, one of his aides severed his head with a sword.The aide likewise 'killed himself and was 5eheaded;the others surrendered.In 1936 there had been a similar revolt and, though equally unsuccessful, it had foreshadowed the repressive re,me of General Tojo that was to stage tho attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.That earlier revolt is the one referred to in “Patriotism,” one of Mishima's most powerful stories.Here life and fiction become joined.The act of seppuku was for Mishima a fulfdlment, “the ultimate dream of my life.” Bom of an ancient samurai family, he longed to die a hero's death in accordance with the ancient samurai code;but his weak body kept him from service in the war, and he had to compensate through body building(he became expert at karate and kendo)and, most important, through the discipline writing.In his short lifetime he turned out twenty novels, thirty plays, many essays, and more than eighty stories: he also produced, directed, and acted in movies, and even sang on stage.His first book of stories, A Forest in Flower, appeared in 1943, but it was Confession of a Mask(1948), dealing with the meditations of a young man of homosexual leanings in a repressive society, that brought him fame.Mishima has been called “Japan's Hemingway,” while others have compared him to “aesthetic” writers like Walter Peter and Oscar Wilde.56.The article implies that A.Mishima refused to join the army when he was young B.Mishima has been regarded as a lunatic writer C.Mishima is a person who'is hard m define D.Critics all agree that Mishima is an aesthetic writer 57.The aim of the rebel led by Mishima was A.Fo capture the commanding genera!
B.to urge the government to declare a war against America C.to incite the soldiers to rebel against the Constitutional govemment
D.to force the Emperor to give up the throne 58.In the 1970 rebel, the speech made by Mishima____ A.was web received by the soldiers B, was laughed at by the soldiers C.impressed the commanding general D, left a deep impression tO the soldiers 59.What IS true according to article? A.The general knew that Mishima had longed to die a hero's death.B.The general was greatly taken aback by Mishima's suicide attemnpt C.Some soldiers surrendered after Mishima's speech.D.one of Mishima's aides was killed by the soldiers.60.Mishima became a well-known writer after he had ___ A, written “Patriotism”, one of his most powerful stories B.written eighty short stories C.published “A Forest in Flower” D.published “Confession of a Mask” 主观题部分
请用钢笔或圆珠笔将此部分试题的答案做在答题纸二上，否则无效！V.Translation(20 points)Fart A.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese on your ANSWER SHEET.One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss.The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy.Buying a commodity or stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers.If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden.Remedial supply action could not be further delayed.Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the SurpluS actually occurs.When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helphng to conserve the present supply.As the price goes up,less of the commodity is purchased;a rise in price encourages users to ecor, om2ze.Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.Part B.(10 points)Directions: Translate the following into EngIish on your ANSWER SHEET.中国已经发层成为一个全球极富吸引力的、现实的大市场。世界各国 和地区不少有远见卓识的企业家，都将目光投向了中国，并从投资活动中 获得了丰厚的回报。我相信，中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国投资活 动的机会将越来越多，自身发展的空间也越来越大。在中国的投资活动一 定能成为沟通世界各国和地区的企业家与中国市场的一座桥梁，促进中国 和世界经济共同发展、共同繁荣。VI.Writing(20 points)Directions Write an essay in no less than 250 words with file title “My Understanding of GlobaIization”.Your essay should be written on the Answer Sheet.
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