第一篇：英美文学史
The division of the history of British literature
1,Early and medieval English Literature The Anglo-Saxon Period---Norman Conquest 449-1066 The Medieval English Period(1066-1485)
2,The Renaissance Period(1485Tudor Dynasty—1603 the death of Elizabeth)
3,The Seventeenth-century period(1063-1688)Early period literature(English Bourgeois Revolution)and Restoration literature(1066 Restoration-1688 Glorious Revolution)
4,The Eighteenth Century(1688-1798)新古典主义
5，The Romantic Period(浪漫主义时期)（1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads—1832 Sir Walter Scott’s death）
6,Victorian period(1837—1901)This period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria(1827—1901)
7,Modern Period(1900---)The modern period of English literature began with the 20th century.Chapter1, the Renaissance Period(1485---1603)
Features of English renaissance literature
Humanism is the essence of the renaissance The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English renaissance The greatest achievement of renaissance literature are poetry and drama
Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales
The playwrights A.Christopher Marlowe(1564—1593)马洛 29岁 主要作品：
（1）Tamburlaine the Great(帖木儿大帝，1587)（2）Doctor Faustus(浮士德博士的悲剧)（1589）（3）The Jew of Malta(马其他岛的犹太人，1590)The Jew is the archetype of Shylock in Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare
B.William Shakespeare(1964—1616)主要作品：
The types of plays历史剧
a, Historic plays(the king Henry series)b, Comedy(merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, as you like it, a midsummer night’s dream)
四大戏剧
Portia c, Black comedies(the tempest)d, tragedy(Hamlet, King Lear，Othello, Macbeth)四大悲剧
Renaissance poetry
A, Edmund Spenser(1552—1599)The faerie queene 《仙后》
B, William Shakespeare(1564—1616)154 sonnets :十四行诗
PART2 the early seventeenth---century(1603—1660)The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 2.1Cultural and political background 1,English revolution(the puritan revolution)Kong—parliament---civil war from 1642—1649 The Bourgeois dictatorship was established, and Cromwell(1649—1669)became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.The Parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660.Then followed the Restoration period.----Influence on literature----Pamphlets 2,Science Galileo---推翻地心说
influence on literature---multi—valued
Poetry John Milton(约翰 弥尔顿1608—11674)主要作品：3 long narrative poems 1, paradise lost ,1667
2, paradise regained(复乐园，1671)3，Samson Agonistes(力士参孙，1671)
John Donne(1572—1631)The founder of the metaphysical school of poetry is JOHN DONNE.玄学派诗歌 主要作品：
早期：elegies and satires(挽歌与讽刺)Songs and sonnets(歌与短歌)后期：holy sonnets(圣歌集)Hymn(圣父赞美诗)
Prose John Bunyan(约翰 班扬，1628--1688)The pilgrim’s progress(天路历程)，a religious fable(characters: submissiveness柔顺、loyalty , hope)
Francis Bacon Essays “of study”论学习
Plays: John Dryden All for love : a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra
Chapter 3 the eighteenth century（1688—1798）Neoclassical period(1660—1789,18th century)
1.历史背景
(1)compromise between the aristocracy and bourgeoisie---comparatively peaceful)(2)Industrial Revolution---rapid economic growth---British became the first powerful capitalist in the world
Fictions
1,Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔 笛福，1660—1731)Robinson Crusoe(1719)
2,Jonathan Swift(1667—1745)斯威夫特 Gulliver’s Travel(1726)《格利夫游记》（1）to Lilliput小人国
（2）to brobdingnag巨人国
（3）to;aputa(flying island)飞岛
脱离实际的试验（4）to the country of the Houyhnhnms慧马国
3，Henry Fielding(1707—1754)亨利 菲尔丁 Tom Jones(汤姆 琼斯，1749)Joseph Andrews(约瑟 安德鲁传，1742)
Achievements of Fielding 1,founder of the English Realistic novel 2, father of the English novel 英国小说之父
4，Richardson
Pamela Clarrisa(the first tragic novel in English literary history)
5,Laurence Sterne Tristram Shandy 项迪传
Poetry 1,Pope
Works: essay on Criticism
The Rape of the Lock
Essay on Man 2,Thomas Gray:感伤主义
从古典主义诗歌向浪漫主义诗歌过渡的最重要的英国诗人 Works: Elegy Written in a country churchyard
3,Oliver Goldsmith The deserted village:荒村
PROSE
1,Richard Steele and “the tattler”
2, Joseph Addison and the “spectator” 3,Samuel Johnson
“a dictionary of the English language”
Play: Sheridan: the most important English playwright of the 18th century The rivals;The school for scandal
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD(1798—1832)Imagination: Singularity(奇异）Simplicity: Nature: back to nature
Pre—romanticism: William Blake, Robert Burns Romanticism: Wordsworth.Coleridge Late—Romanticism: Byron, Shelly, John Keats
1,William Blake Song of innocence Songs of experience
2,Rovert burns A red red rose Auld lang syne:友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth To the cuckoo I wandered lonely as a cloud My heart leaps up The solitary reaper
Samuel Taylor Coleridge THE REIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER LUBLA KHAN
George Gordon Byron(1788—1824)CHILDE HAROLD’S PILGRIMAGE CAIN（该隐，1821）
DON JUAN(唐 桓，1818—1823)PERCY BYSSHE SHELLY(1792—1822)ODE TO THE WEST WIND(西风颂，1819)“if the winter comes, can spring be far behind?”
John keats(1795—1821)ODE TO THE NIGHTINGALE ODE ON A GRECIAN URIN ODE TO AUTUMN
Jane Austen(简 奥斯丁，17775—1817)（1）SENSE AND SESIBILIY,1811（2）PRIDE AND PREJUDICE,1813（3）MANSFIELD PARK(曼斯菲尔德花园，1814)It reveals the amour—propre of human being
（4）PERSUASION,1918劝告
It contracts the true love and pinch pennies
（5）NORTHANGER ABBEY ,诺桑觉寺，1818 It satirizes the popular Gothic knightly lyric in the 18th century
Chapter6 the Victorian Period
English critical realism QUEEN VICTORIA(1837—1901)
Victorian literature(1)NOVEL became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought(2)Writers exposed all kinds of social evils—poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, corruption, snobbery ………
Writers such as Dickens, Thackeray, Mrs Gaskell, Ruskin, Bronte sisters showed their primary concern about the people in the primary concern about the people in the society with sympathy for the poor and the unfortunate and become the major voice of unfortunate and become the major voice of the literary would by presenting a faithful picture of the horrible capitalist England.Major writers of the period(1)Charles Dickiens(1812—1870)
主要作品： 17部小说 早期
(1)PICKWICK PAPERS(匹克威克外传，1833—1850)(2)OLIVER TWIST(雾都孤儿，1838)(3)NICHOLAS NICKLEBY(尼古拉斯，尼克尔比，1839)(4)THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP(老古玩店，1841)(5)DAVID DOPPERFIELD(大卫科波菲尔，1850)(6)DOMBEY AND SON(董氏父子，1848)后期（1）（2）（3）（4）
BLEAK HOUSES, 荒凉山庄，1853 HARD TIME,艰难时世，1854 A TLE OF TOW CITIES, 双城记
GREAT EXPECTATIONS(远大前程，1861)(2)，William Makepeace Thackeray VALITY FAIR:名利场
The title was taken from BUNYAN’S PILGRIM’S PROGRESS MAJOR CHARACTERS Amelia sedley and Rebecca sharp
(3)，Elizabeth Gaskell, Mrs Gaskell Gaskell was one of the English writers to describe in a novel the class struggle between the workers and the capitalists in “THE HUNGRY FORTIES”
Mary Baron: contains a vivid picture of the class conflicts which prevailed at that time North and South
(3)Bronte Sisters(勃朗特姐妹)(4)
CHARLOTTE BRONTE(1816—1855)JANE EYRE(1847)
Emily Bronte(1818—1848)WUTHERING HEIGHTS(1847)CATHERINE OR CATHY MOODY HEATHCLIFF
Anne Bronte(1820—1849)
5)George Eliot 主要作品：
Scenes of clerical life(牧师生活的一瞥)Adam bede 亚当 贝德
The mill on the floss:弗洛斯河上的磨房 Middlemarch: 米德尔马契
Literay trends at the end of the century 1, neo—romanticism Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island 2,Aestheticism Oscar Wilde The picture of Dorian Gray A Woman of No importance An ideal husband The importance of being earnest 3, Naturalism Thomas Hardy,1840==1928(1)the return of the native,1878(2)the Mayor of Casterbridge,1886(3)Tess of the D’Urbervilles,1891(Tess, Angel Clare, Alec)(4)Jude the Obscure,1896
CHAPTER7
THE MODERN PERIOD The characteristics of modernism Major themes: the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.From the public to the private, from the objective to the subjective Casting away almost all the traditional elements in literature like story, plot, character, chronological narration, which are essential to realism.As a result, the works created by the modernist writers can often be labeled as anti-novel or anti-drama.1, James Joyce,1882--1941 主要作品：
Dubliners,都柏林人
A portrait of the artist as a young man ,青年艺术家的肖像 Ulysses,1992,尤利西斯
Finnegans wake 1939 费尼根们的觉醒
2,William Somerset Maugham
Of Human Bondage The Man and Sixpence
3,Josepph Conrad Lord Jim Heart of Darkness
4,E.M, FOSTER A Passage to India Howards End Aspect of the Novel
5, D.H Lawrence Sons and lovers(Oedipus complex)The rainbow Women in love Lady chatterley’s lover
6,Virginia Woolf-------stream of consciousness novels The voyage Out Mrs.Dalloway To the lighthouse Orlando A Room of one’s own
English Literature after the WWII
1,William Golding The lord of the files The inheritors
2,John Fowles The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国上尉的女人)The collector
WOMEN LITERATURE 1,Virginia Woolf 2, Doris Lessing The Grass is singing The golden notebook 3,Irish MURDOCK The black prince Under the net The unicorn
Poetry of modern Period 1,W.B.YEATS
Sailing to Byzantium When you are old No second troy
2, T.S.Eliot The love song of j.Alfred Prufrock The waste land Four quartets
3,Phlip Larkin(the movement poet)
Major playwrights of the period
A , George Bernard Shaw,1856—1950 The best dramatist since Shakespeare Promoted social reform with “drama of ideas.”
主要作品：
widowers’ house(鳏夫房产，1892)MRS.Warren’s Profession 沃伦夫人的职业，1894 Pygmalion:皮革马利翁，卖花女，窈窕淑女，my fair lady or
Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot The theater of the Absurd
the flower girl AMERICAN LITERATUR
AREMERICAN LITERATURE
I American Puritanism ,1620---end of the 18th century
II American Romanticism(the end of 18th cutury—1861)III The Realistic period(1861—1900)IV the modern Period(1900--)V The Postmodern Period(1945---)
American Puritanism(1620—the end of 20th century)Jonathan Edward,1703—1758 Freedom and the will,1754
Benjamin Franklin 1706—1790 Poor Richard’s Almanacs 1732 The Autobiography 1788
II American Romanticism ,the end of 18th century—1861
“the American Renaissance”：美国文艺复兴
New England Transcendental Movement:新英格兰超验主义运动
这个时期的主要作家及作品： Washington Irving;华盛顿 欧文
James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851,库伯 Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau 梭罗
Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔 霍桑 Herman Melviile 赫尔曼 麦尔维尔
Edgar Allan Poe 艾伦 坡
Walt Whitman 华尔特 惠特曼 Emily Dickinson 迪金森
Washington Irving ,1783—1859 The father of American literature: 美国文学之父
The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame
The legend of sleepy Hollow 断头谷 Rip Van Winkle瑞普 凡 温克尔
James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851 The pioneers 拓荒者
The last of the Mohicans:最后的莫西干人 The Prairie: 草原
The Pathfinder 探路者 The deerslayer:猎鹿人
Ralph Waldo Emerson :拉尔夫 菲尔多 爱默生 1803--·881 主要作品：
Nature 1836 自然
The American scholar 1837 美国学者 Self-Reliance 1841 自立 The over—soul 1841 超灵
Self-trust is the first secret of success
A great man is always willing to be little
The first wealth is health
We are all wise for other people, none for himself
Henry David Thoreau 梭罗 An active transcendentalist 主要作品：
Walden:瓦尔登湖
A week on the concord and Merrimack rivers：康科德和麦里马科湖的一周 Nathaniel Hawthorne :纳撒尼尔 霍桑，1804—1864
The scarlet letter,1850 Hester Prynne Dimmesdale Pearl DR.Chilingworth
The minister’s black veil: 牧师的黑面纱
Herman Melville 1819—1891 主要作品
Peua Ahab Moby—dick
Edgar Allan Poe
Poe was father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story 诗：
Annabel Lee To Helen 短篇小说
The Fall of h HOUSE of Usher The purploined letter The golden bug
Walt Whitman:华尔特 惠特曼
American poet, journalist and essayist, best know for Leaves of Grass:草叶集，1855 The father of American Modern poetry
Leaves of Grass:草叶集，1855 Includes the following famous poes Song of Myself自我之歌
There was a child went forth 有个小孩在长大 I hear America Singing 我听见美国在唱歌
Free Verse O Captain!My captain!Our fearful trip is done The ship has weathered every rack ,the prize we sought is won, The poet is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting
But O heart!Heart!Heart!O the bleeding drops to red
Where on the deck my captain lies Fallen cold and dead
Nothing Gold Can Stay
Nature’s first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf’s a flower But only so an hour Then leaf subsides to leaf So eden sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay
By Robert forst
Emily Dickinson
1775poems in her life Them : religion death love ,nature
作品：
I died for beauty---but was scarce Apparently with no surprise Tell all the truth but tell it slant Success
Success: Success is counted sweetest By those who ne’er succeed To comprehend a nectar Requires sorest need
The realistic period ,1865—1914 The American civil war ,1861—1865 Two results 1,futher industrialization mechanization, urbanization, development of transportation and communication 2,westward movement;by 1890, the last of the first 48 states were settled
这个时期的文学写作特点 1, realism现实主义 2,local color地方特色 3,naturalism自然主义
4,feminist movement:女权运动
Emily Dickinson, Harriet Beecher stowe, Sarah Orne Jewett Kate Chopin Edith Wharton Willa Cather
主要作家、作品
Mark Twain 1835—1910 Local colorism Humor Language(vernacular language)
主要作品
The celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county 1865 The innocents abroad 1869 The adventures of tom sawyer 1876 The prince and pauper 1881 Life on the Mississippi 1881 The adventures of huckleberry finn 1885(汤姆索亚历险记续集)A Connecticut yankee in king Arthur’s court 1889 The man that corrupted hadleyburg 1900 The mysterious stranger 1916
Henry James 1843—1916
Psychological realistic writer, short-story writer, playwright, critic Essayist,22novels and over 100 short stories and some critical commentaries
The creative life of Henry James can be divide into 3 distinctive periods
1,1865—1881 ,the American 1877,daisy mille 1878, The portrait of a lady,1881 These novels won hom international fame and reveal James fascination with his “international them”
Or American innocence in face of European sophistication 2.1885—1897,tales of subtle studies of interpersonal relationships
The Bostonian 1886 The tragic muse 1890
3,1895—1916 ,the summit of his art and thus the major phase: on international them ,and on people’s psychology The turn of the screw The wings of the dove The ambassadors The golden bowl Thematic concern: The international theme The meeting of American and Europe, with European decadence ,and its moral and psychological complications
Significance 1, the forefather of literature of “Stream of consciousness” 2,Point of view
William Dean Howells
The rise of Silas Laspham It is a fine specimen of American realistic writing
Thematic tern :middle class Genteel realism
Howells
middle class
genteel realism James
upper class
psychological realism Twain lower strata of
society localism
American Naturalism: pessimistic realism Naturalism: a genre of literary thoughts originated form the view of a French writer, Emile Zola
Writers: THEODORE Dreiser Stephen crane JACK LONDON THEODORE DREISER 1871—1945 作品
The financier The titan
An American tragedy The stoic
2,stepphen crane Maggie:a girl of the streets The red badge of courage Jack London The calla of the nature The sea wolf Martin eden(4)O henry The gift of the magi The cop and the anthem
Women writers Mrs stowe(harrie beebher stowe)Uncle tom’s cabin
Kate chopin The awakening A story of an hour
Willa cather My Antonia
Death comes for the archbishop
第二篇：英美文学史推荐书目
英美文学史推荐书目
1《现代美国小说史》 王长荣 上海外语教育出版社 1996
2《现代英国小说史》侯维瑞 上海外语教育出版社1985 1版 1996 2版 3 《英美意识流小说》 李维屏上海外语教育出版社 1996
4《英国文学的伟大传统》上，中，下，鲁宾斯塔上海译文出版社 1995 5《英国小说的黄金时代》 朱虹 中国社会科学出版社 1997
6《超越传统的新起点》文美惠中国社会科学出版社 1995
7《现代主义浪潮下》黄梅中国社会科学出版社 1995
8《现代主义之后：写实与实验》 陆建德 中国社会科学出版社 1997 9《自由与传统：二十世纪英国文化》吴浩 东方出版社 1999
10《梦想与尘世：二十世纪美国文化》 黄明哲 东方出版社 1999 11《当代英国文学论文集》 张中载 外语教学与研究出版社 1996
12《伊甸园之门——六十年代美国文化》 Morris Dickstein 上海外语教育出版社
13《流放者的归来——二十年代的文学流浪生涯》Malcolm Cowley 上海外语教育出版社
14《一八九零年代的美国——迷惘的一代人的岁月》larzer ziff 上海外语教育出版社
15《处女地——作为象征和神话的美国西部》Henry nash Smith 上海外语教育出版社
16《激进的理想与美国之梦——大萧条岁月中的文化和社会思想》Richard H Pells 上海外语教育出版社
17《华盛顿欧文的世界》Van Wyck Brooks 上海外语教育出版社
18《爱国者之血——美国南北战争时期的文学》Edmund Wilson 上海外语教育出版社
19《美国文学的周期——历史评论专著》Robert E Spiller 上海外语教育出版社
20《美国文学背景观》史志康上海外语教育出版社1998
21《英美现代主义文学慨观》 李维屏 上海外语教育出版社1997
22《二十世纪英国文学史》阮炜 徐文博 曹亚军 青岛出版社 1999 23《二十世纪美国文学史》杨仁敬青岛出版社 1999
24《二十世纪美国文学导论》 李公昭 朱荣杰 西安交通大学出版社2000 25《二十世纪英国文学导论》 李公昭 西安交通大学出版社2000
26《的球两面的文学——中美当代文学及其比较》陈辽 张子清 南京大学出版社1993
27《美国当代小说家论》钱满素 中国社会科学出版社1987
29《爱默生和中国——对个人主义的反思》钱满素三联出版社 1996 30《美国文艺书话》冯亦代 中国社会科学出版社1998
31《当代美国文学》上 下 丹尼尔霍夫曼中国文联出版社1985
32《美国文学简介》 Fred Mednick河南大学出版社1993
33《当代美国小说研究》黄铁池学林出版社2000 6
34《英国诗史》王佐良 译林出版社1997
34《我国英美文学翻译概论》 孙致礼 译林出版社1996
35《二十世纪美国诗歌史》张子清 吉林教育出版社1995
36《美国文学源流》鲁宾斯坦 外语教学与研究出版社1988 1998
37《英国诗选》王佐良 上海译文出版社 2000
38《现代美国时诗选》赵毅衡 外国文学出版社 1985
39《美国文学选读》 一 二 三册杨岂深 龙文佩 上海译文出版社1985 40西方文论选》（上、下），上海译文出版社1979年版（有旧版可用）； 41《现代西方文论选》，上海译文出版社1983年版；
42《西方20世纪文论选》（1－4），中国社会科学出版社1989年版；
43《最新西方文论选》，漓江出版社1991年版；
44[美]韦勒克、沃伦：《文学理论》，三联书店1984年版；
45[英]伊格尔顿：《二十世纪西方文学理论》，陕西师大出版社1986年版（另有中国社会科学出版社、文化艺术出版社版本，书名译名有别）；
46[荷]佛克马、易布斯：《二十世纪文学理论》，三联书店1988年版；
47[英]杰弗森等：《西方现代文学理论概述与比较》，湖南文艺出版社1986年版（另有上海外语教育出版社版本，书名译名有别）；
48盛宁：《二十世纪美国文论》，北京大学出版社1994年版。
49王岳川：《后现代主义文化研究》，北京大学出版社1992年版
50盛宁：《人文困惑与反思：西方后现代主义思潮批判》，三联书店1997年版； 51王宁：《后现代主义之后》，中国文学出版社1998年版。
52袁可嘉 《现代主义文学研究》中国社会科学出版社 1989
53瞿世镜 《意识流小说理论》四川文艺出版社 1989
Bruce A Ronda 《the discourse of American literature-culture and expression from Colonizaition to Present》上海外语教育出版社 1991 1996
刘岩 《中国文化对美国文学的影响》河北人民出版社 1999
彭予《二十世纪美国诗歌》河南大学出版社1995
56袁可嘉《现代派论，英美诗论》中国社会科学出版社 1985
57董衡巽 《美国现代小说家论》中国社会科学出版社 1987
58刘海平《中美文化的互动与关联》上海外语教育出版社 1997
59钱青《美国文学名著精选》上下 商务印书馆 1997
董衡巽 朱虹 李文俊《美国文学简史》上下 人民文学出版社1987 61李赋宁 《英国中古时期文学史》外语教学与研究出版社
62王佐良 何其莘《英国文艺复兴时期文学史》外语教学与研究出版社 63吴景荣 刘意青 《英国十八世纪文学史》外语教学与研究出版社
64王佐良 周钰良《英国二十世纪文学史》外语教学与研究出版社
A Recommended Reading List of novels
English literatureKINGSLEY AMISLUCKY JIM金斯利艾米斯幸运的吉姆JANE AUSTENPRIDE AND PREJUDICEARNOLD BENNETTTHE OLD WIVES’TALE阿诺德贝奈特老妇谭 4 ELIZABETH BOWENTHE DEATH OF THE HEART伊丽莎白 鲍恩 心之死CHARLOTTE BRONTEJANE EYREANTHONY BURGESSA CLOCKWORK ORANGE安东尼伯吉斯带发条的桔子SAMUEL BULTERTHE WAY OF ALL FLESH塞 勃特勒众生之路 8 A.S.BYATTPOSSESSION拜厄特占有LEWIS CARROLLALICE’S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND 路易斯卡罗尔艾丽斯漫游奇境记ANGELA CARTERTHE COMPANY OF WOLVES安吉拉 卡特 狼群 11 AGATHA CHRISTIEMURDER ON THE ORIENT EXPRESS阿加莎克里斯的 东方快车上的谋杀案IVY COMPTON-BURNETTA FAMILY AND A FORTUNE艾薇康普顿伯内特家庭和财富JOSEPH CONRADHEART OF DARKNESS;LORD JIMDANIEL DEFOEROBINSON CRUSOECHARLES DICKENSDAVID COPPERFIELDSIR ARTHUR C.DOYLETHE ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCKS HOLMES阿瑟 柯南 道尔福尔摩斯探案选MARGARET DRABBLETHE WATERFALL玛格丽特 德拉布尔水榭 18 DAPHNE DU MAURIERREBECCA 达芬尼 杜穆里埃吕蓓卡 19 GEORGE ELIOTMIDDLEMARCH米尔德玛契E.M.FORSTERHOWARDSEND;A PASSAGE TO INDIA 爱摩福斯特 霍华兹庄园 通往印度之路JOHN FOWLESTHE FRENCH LIEUTENANT’S WOMAN约翰福尔斯 法国中尉的女人J0HN GALSWORTHYTHE MAN OF PROPERTY 约翰高尔斯华绥有产业的人WILLIAM GOLDINGLORD OF THE FLIES 威廉戈尔丁蝇王GRAHAM GREENETHE HUNAN FACTOR格雷厄姆 格林人的因素 25 THOMAS HARDYTESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES;JUDE THE OBSCUREALDOUS HUXLEYAFTERMANYASUMMER DIES THE SWAN 奥尔德斯赫胥黎几度寒暑天鹅死JAMES JOYCEA PORTRAIT OF THE ARTIST AS A YOUNG MAN28 CHARLES LAMBTALES FROMSHAKEPEARED.H LAWRENCESONS AND LOVERS;WOMAN IN LOVE;RAINBOW 30 PETER CAREYTHE SPY WHO CAME IN FROM THE COLD 从寒带来的间谍
DORIS LESSINGTHE GRASS IS SINGING多丽斯莱辛、野草在歌唱 32DAVID LODGENICE WORK 戴维洛奇好作品
W.SOMERSET MAUGHAMTHE MOON AND SIXPENCE;OF HUMAN BONDGE威廉塞摩斯特 毛姆 人性的枷锁
IRIS MURDOCHTHE BLACK PRINCE
35GEORGE ORWELLNINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR一九八四
SALMAN RUSHDIEMIDNIGHT CHILDREN萨尔曼拉什迪 午夜诞生的孩子The satanic verses
SIR WALTER SCOTTIVANHOE
C P SNOWTHE AFFAIR 查博斯诺 事件
MURIEL SPARKTHE PEIME OF MISS JEAN BRODIE穆里尔斯巴克 吉恩布劳迪小姐的盛期
ROBERT LOUIS STEVENSONTREASURE ISLAND
JONATHAN SWIFTGULLIVER’S TRAVELS
42WILLIAM.M.THACKERAYVANITY FAIR
EVELYN WAUGHA HANDFUL OF DUST 伊夫林沃 一捧尘土44 H.G.WELLSTHE INVISIBLE MAN
OSCAR WILDETHE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY
VIRGINIA WOOLFMRS DALLOWAY;TO THE LIGHTHOUSE 47 WUTHERING HEIGHTSEMILY BRONTE
TOM JONES ,A FOUNDLINGH.FIELDING
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S WORKS
American literature
1Sherwood AndersonWinesburg, Ohio 俄亥俄州的瓦恩斯堡
2James Baldwingo tell it on the mountain 向苍天呼吁
3Saul Bellowseize the day 只争朝夕;Henderson the rain king
4William S Burroughsthe naked lunch
5Willa Cathermy Antonia
6Kate Chopinthe awakening
7Stephen Cranethe red badge of courageTheodore Dreisersister carrie;an American tragedyRalph Ellisoninvisible manWilliam Faulknergo down, moses;the sound and the furyScott Fitzgeraldthe great GatsbyAlex HaleyrootsNathaniel Hawthornethe scarlet letterJoseph Hellercatch –22Ernest Hemingwaythe sun also rises;the old man and the seaJames Jonesfrom here to eternity
17Maxine Hong Kingstonthe woman warriorkurt vonnegutSlaughter-house fiveSinclair Lewismain streetJack Londonthe call of the wild;martin edenNorman Mailerthe naked and the deadCarson Mccullersthe heart is a lonely hunterJohn updikeRabbit,run;Rabbit redux;Rabbit is rich;Rabbit at restMargaret Nitchellgone with the windToni Morrisonthe bluest eyeVladimir NabokovlolitaFrank Norristhe octopusJ D Slingerthe catcher in the ryeErich Segalman ,woman and child30 Upton Sinclairthe jungle
John Steinbeckthe grapes o f wrath 32 Harriet Beecher Stoweuncle tom’s cabin 33 William Styronsophie’s choice
Mark Twainthe adventures of huckleberry finn 35 Alice Walkerthe color purple
Penn Warrenall the king’s men
Edith Whartonthe age of innocence 38 John barththe floating opera
Thomas Wolfelook homeward ,angel 40 Herman Woukthe winds of war
Richard Wrightnative son
Herman Melvillemoby dick
第三篇：英美文学史教学大纲
《英美文学史课程教学大纲》
一、课程基本情况 1.课程编号： 2.课程名称： 3.总课时： 4.总学分： 5.开课时间： 6.适用专业：英语
7.课程类别：专业核心课 8.先修课程：
二、课程简介
本课程由英国文学和美国文学两个部分组成。主要内容包括英美文学发展史及代表作家的简要介绍。从英美两国历史、语言、文化发展的角度，简要介绍英美两国文学各个历史断代的主要历史背景，文学文化思潮，文学流派，社会政治、经济、文化等对文学发展的影响，主要作家的文学生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等。
文学理论和文学创作的历史过程是辩证发展的历史过程。文学理论从归纳、推绎和描述走向指导是理论发展的基本要求。张汉熙编著的《英国文学简史》及张颖编著的《美国文学简史》以马克思主义文学理论作为指导原则，对英美文学的发展过程作了较为客观的系统而全面的研究和总结，清晰明白地理清了浩如烟海的文学作品、及文学理论的发展脉络。使用此教材，有利于以上课程教学性质和目的的达成。
三、本课程与其他课程的关系
《英美文学史》课程是
年级《
》课程的延续，因而对学生的听、说、读、写、译等技能也提出了更高的培养要求。《
》的主要任务和目的是系统地传授英语语音、语法、词汇、篇章结构、语言功能等基础语言知识，指导学生了解掌握一定的学习方法，训练学生听、说、读、写、译的语言基本技能，为进入高年级学习打下扎实的基础。而《英美文学史》是高年级学生综合技能向高层次发展的一门重要课程，它通过对英美两国文学史上的重要名家、名著的介绍，让学生清晰的了解两国文学的演变过程，培养学生对名篇的分析和欣赏能力、逻辑思维与独立思考的能力，因而，《英美文学史》课程与同期开设的高级阅读、翻译和写作等课程形成相互补充的关系。
四、教学目的、要求和方法 1.教学目的：
本课程旨在使学生对英美两国文学形成与发展的历程有较全面的了解；引导学生了解不同的文学思潮及流派的特点，熟知不同时期的作家、作品，并对各个时期的文学作品的写作特点及文化和社会背景有较深刻的理解；并鼓励学生通过对经典原著的文本细读，进一步提高语言水平、从而更好地培养他们的英语语感，促进语言运用能力和人文素质的提高，加深对文学本质的把握与认知，拓展西方文学及文化的知识面，同时提高人文学习的思辨能力与逻辑思维能力。
2.教学要求：
（1）提高独立工作能力，学会查找有关参考书，会自己动手写注释、做笔记。（2）培养分析、欣赏文学作品的能力。
（3）对两国文学史上重要文学流派、名家、名著有清晰的了解。（4）了解两国文学演变的基本规律。
（5）通过课程，大致了解不同时期英美两国的历史文化背景。
3.教学方法：
文学史是一门涵盖面广，知识含量大，跨学科的课程。教师课前应仔细研读教材的每一章节；课堂上应强调历史背景与时期创作的结合，使其相得益彰。语言知识和语言能力的深化在专业知识的学习过程中应给予充分的重视，合理合时地进行。老师的讲解要精练准确，学生要积极参与，认真思考并参与教师所要求的课堂讨论，教师应引导学生在课后对相关文学原著进行阅读和相应的课程小论文的写作。
五、教学内容的重点与难点 1.教学重点：
通过介绍和分析英美文学史上的重要文学流派中的名家、名著，将文学史料和文学理论有机结合，理清并描述英美文学演变的过程，探讨文学的发生、发展的基本规律，逐步培养学生总结归纳英美文学史上不同时期的作家写作特点，掌握重要文学术语；并借以提高学生英语语言基本功，增进学生对西方文学及文化的了解，培养其人文素质。
2.教学难点：
提高学生语言表达能力，逻辑思维和判断评述能力，能了解英美两国文学史上重要的文学流派、名家、名著，能对各个时期的名著进行简单的分析、鉴赏和评论。
六、课外作业
1)教材后的练习题 2)教师指定阅读材料
3)视每单元内容所定分配作业，如收集同义词、收集课文相关知识、角色模拟等。
4）预习作业：
a.Pre-reading questions学生熟悉文章涉及的话题、内容，为更好地学习文章做好准备。
b.Dictionary work 安排学生自己先做好词汇工作，为教师课堂讲解做准备。c.Library work 让学生从相关的文献资料中寻找相关的知识，以便进一步拓展他们的知识面，并培养他们自我学习的能力。
七、课程考核
课程考核分为平时考核、阶段考核和结课考核三部分。具体考核方式及分值比例如下：
平时考核：占总成绩的20%（形式为出勤、课堂提问、检查课堂笔记、作业等方式）
阶段考核：占总成绩的40%（形式为写作、闭卷考试、情景表演）结课考核：占总成绩的40%（形式为开卷笔试）
八、参考书目
1.《英语修辞格详论》 李鑫华 上海外语教育出版社，2000年.2.《英国文学简史》
刘炳善 长江大学出版社
3．《美国文学简史》张颖
外语教学与研究出版社
第四篇：英美文学史复习笔记
英美文学复习
时期划分
——Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman Period ——Renaissance 文艺复兴
——Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟 ——Enlightenment 启蒙运动 ——Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期 ——Critical Realism 批判现实主义 ——20th Modernism 现代主义
传统诗歌主题：nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of different kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality.修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, dactyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步
文学体裁：诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源：Christianity基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Romance of king Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）
一、1、The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）（Christian基督徒）
2、代表作：The song of Beowulf《贝奥武甫》(national epic)（民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法
3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）
例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved.To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、The Anglo-Norman period(1066-1350)Canto 诗章 受到法国影响 English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.1、romance传奇文学 Arthurian romances亚瑟王传奇
2、代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗 knighthood 骑士精神
三、Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。乔叟 时期
1、the father of English poetry 英国文学之父
2、the heroic couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in limbic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE
3、代表作masterpiece：The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国各地的人，代表着社会的各个不同阶层和社会团体
小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character 这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。
小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness.He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信)and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信命运)他希望人们能从对迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。
4、Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上)歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲，一直保存着口头传播的方式。代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯。帕西主教 代表作：Robin Hood and Allina-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
四、The Renaissance(16世纪)文艺复兴时期（Greek and Roman）戏剧drama诗章canto The term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。
The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama 文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。
1、key word: humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement
2、代表人物
1）、Thomas More 托马斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托邦
2）、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯。培根 第一个散文家（essayist）
Of Studies 论读书
3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯。怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人
Sonnet(十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵)in 14 lines iambic pentameter 4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙。斯宾塞poet’s poet（诗人中的诗人）The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem史诗)5）、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗。马洛
Blank verse（无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格）是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。6）、William Shakespeare 威廉姆。莎士比亚 戏剧 drama 四大悲剧：Hamlet(哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)Sonnet十四行诗AB AB CD CD EF EF GG
五、The period of Revolution and Restoration(17世纪)资产阶级革命与王权复辟 Prose 散文
In 1649 Charles I was be headed.被送上断头台 England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.克伦威尔 这时期French Influence是特色
1、文学特点the Puritans（清教徒）believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideas.清教徒崇尚简朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。
2、代表人物：
1）、John Donne 约翰。邓恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)的代表人物 Sonnet十四行诗 他的song: AB AB CC DDD Death be not proud(笔记)作品特点：①strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.（坦诚的态度和现实描绘）
②novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)③novelty of its form(新颖的形式)2）、John Milton约翰。弥尔顿 a great poet诗人（poem诗歌blank verse）
Defense for the English People为英国人辩护
Paradise Lost失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 horrid crew 堕落天使
The poem Paradise Lost, consisting of TWELVE books, is marked for its intricate and contradictory composition.It is based on the biblical legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race——Adam and Eve, and involves God and his eternal adversary, Satan in its plot.Paradise Regained复乐园
3）、John Bunyan 约翰。拜扬a great prose writer“give us the only great allegory(寓言)”
Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程 prose 散文
该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式)，medieval form of allegory(比喻)and dream”
六、The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)启蒙运动
Whigs and Tories 辉格党（自由liberal）和托利党（保守conservative）
Addison, Steele, Defoe, Swift,——most of the great writers of the age were, on occasion, the willing servants of the Whigs or Tories.prose 散文 sentimentalism 感伤文学 pre-romanticism早期浪漫主义 jack-of-all-trades全能手 radical激进
1、Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。
The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeoisie against feudalism.启蒙运动世纪上是当时先进的资产阶级同落后的封建主义斗争的一种形式。
The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the viciousness of human nature, and prove that man is born kind and honest, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of corrupted social environment.启蒙主义者颠覆了宗教所宣扬的人类本恶的观点；论证了人生诚实而友善，而腐化堕落则是后天腐败的社会环境所致。
Contrary to all reasoning, social injustice still held strong, found the power of reason to be insufficient , and therefore appealed to sentiment as a means of achieving happiness and social justice.无论怎样讲究理性，社会不平等现象仍然普遍存在，理性的力量明显不足。因此呼吁把情感的诉求作为一种谋求幸福和社会公平的手段。2、18th century 文学的三个方面
The reign of Classicism(古典主义的盛行)、revival of romantic poetry(浪漫主义的复兴)、beginning of the modern novel(现代主义的兴起)
3、代表人物：
1）、Denial Defoe 丹尼尔。笛福realistic novel现实主义小说 他爸叫Foe Novel: Robinson Crusoe鲁滨逊漂流记Jonathan Wild乔纳森。威尔德Moll Flanders摩尔。弗兰德斯
2）、Henry Fielding亨利。菲尔丁father of modern fiction(现代小说之父)Joseph Andrews约瑟夫。安德鲁斯受到了理查森的《帕美勒》的启发
作家之间的不同：Richardson---no humor, minces words, moralizes.不幽默，咬文嚼字，说教
Fielding---direct, vigorous, hilarious, and coarse to the point of vulgarity, full of animal spirits, tells the story of a vagabond life语音直接、生动、欢快、粗糙，甚至有点俗，精神焕发，讲述流浪者的故事。
The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling弃儿汤姆琼斯的故事the best novel of him.joiner接骨师
3)、Jonathan Swift乔纳森。斯威夫特 讽刺作家
Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记novel反讽 Lilliput小人国
作品特点：no visible sign of anger, nor raising the voice;the tone is cold, restrained, ironic, varied only by some flashes of fooling when Swift’s sense of the ridiculous gets the better of him.怒不动颜，骂不扬声，语调冷酷，锋芒暗藏，讽刺辛辣，仅在讽喻之情难以抑制时才偶露揶揄之态。
A Modest Proposal 一个温和的建议
4）、Samuel Richardson塞缪尔。理查森
Pamela帕美勒The method of psychological analysis心理分析的方法 In the form of letters书信体小说
5）、Richard B.Sheridan理查德。B。谢尔丹
School of Scandal造谣学校，喜剧comedy 6)、Oliver Goldsmith’s奥利弗。戈尔德史密斯 散文作家essayist The Vicar of Wakefield威克菲尔德的牧师，小说novel The Deserted Village 荒村，诗歌poems 7）、Joseph Addison艾迪生
The Spectator and The Tatler are the first important recognitions by literature of the special interests of women readers.1.Sentimentalism感伤主义 no belief没有信仰
The representatives of sentimentalism continued to struggle against feudalism but they vaguely sensed at the same time the contradictions of bourgeois progress that brought with it enslavement and ruin to the people.感伤主义的代表人物在继续反对封建主义的同时又模糊的感觉到资本主义进程中出现的种种矛盾，感觉到资本主义制度对人性的奴役和破坏。
代表人物：Thomas Gray 托马斯。格雷 Elegy, Written in a Country Churchyard 墓园挽歌---the best known poem in the English language
七、the Romantic Period(1798-1832)浪漫主义
the time begins with the publication of Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads(1798), ending with Walter Scott’s death(1832).散文prose
1、前浪漫主义代表人物：William Blake威廉。布莱克 诗人poet代表作The Tiger Robert Burns罗伯特。彭斯苏格兰诗人poet Pre-Romanticism was greatly influenced by the Industrial revolution and the French Revolution 前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。
2、教育意义Educational: liberty, equality and fraternity自由，平等，博爱
3、开始的标志：beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads
从华兹华斯发表的“抒情歌谣”开始
4、lake poet 湖畔诗人：Coleridge Southey Wordsworth威廉。华兹华斯poet-laureate桂冠诗人
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
The Prelude 序曲 自传性诗歌Autobiographical poetry With S.T Coleridge, they jointly published the “Lyrical Ballads”,与S.T.Coleridge一起联合发表了“抒情民谣”
作品特点：simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry 简单而纯洁的语言，反传统形式的18世纪诗歌 2）、Lord Byron 拜伦 革命党人
Childe Harold Pilgrimage 查尔德。哈罗德游记cantos诗章
成名作：Don Juan唐璜poem 诗 satiric masterpiece 讽刺的杰作
Hours of Idleness闲散时刻 poem诗the first volume of poem首卷诗
3）、Percy Bysshe Shelley雪莱
Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯 戏剧 Ode to the West Wind西风颂poem诗
西风颂的韵：ABA BCB CDC DED EE To A Sky-Lark致云雀 4）、John Keats济慈 诗人
The Eve of St.Agnes 圣啊格良斯之夜 poem Ode to a Nightingale 致夜莺 poem Beauty is truth, truth beauty.美学原则 5）、Walter Scott 沃特。斯科特 Historical novel王朝小说
Ivanhoe 艾凡赫
He is the creator and a great master of the historical novel.他是创造者和历史小说大师
6）、Jane Austen 简。奥斯丁 女 Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见
Sense and Sensibility 理智与情感
Emma 爱玛
写作特点：the love-making of her young people, though serious and Sympathetic, is subdued by humor to the ordinary plane of emotion on which deals with unimportant middleclass people.她是中产阶级小说的发起人。7）、Charles Lamb 查尔斯。兰伯essayist 散文家
6、十九世纪散文的特点：In the first of these two periods Addison and Steele socialized the essay, so to speak;they brought it into everyday life and made it familiar and delightful to the multitude.在这两个时期的开始，艾迪生和斯蒂尔的社会散文把散文带入日常生活，并使其熟悉和令人愉快。Early in the nineteenth century it became more definitely a means of intimate self-expression.在十九世纪前期，散文变得对自我的表达越来越肯定。
八、Critical Realism批判现实主义，The Victorian Period 维多利亚时期Humanism人文主义Chartism宪章运动
1、意义：Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。
2、代表人物：
1）、Charles Dickens狄更斯
Hard Times 艰难时刻 Pickwick Papers匹克威客外传Oliver Twist雾都孤儿A Tale of Two Cities双城记（描述了法国大革命French Revolution）Nicholas Nickleby , Master Humphrey’s Clock ,The Old Curiosity Shop,老古玩店 Barnaby Rudge, American Notes,美国笔记 A Christmas Carol,圣诞颂歌 David Copperfield,大卫。科波菲尔德 Household Words, Bleak House,荒凉山庄，Hard Times，艰难时刻Our Mutual Friend,我们共同的朋友
特点：describing the misery and sufferings of common people描述苦难和苦难的群众
2）、Charlotte Bronte 夏洛特。勃朗特 女 Shirley雪利 Jane Eye简爱
Emily Bronte艾米丽。勃朗特 Wuthering Heights呼啸山庄（主人公：Mr.Heathcliff）特点：brought to the novel an introspection and an intense concentration on the inner life of emotion which before them had been the province of poetry alone.3)、Mr.Gaskell Mary Barton, North and South玛丽巴顿，北方和南方
4）、William Makepeace Thackeray :Vanity Fair名利场----this title was borrowed by Thackeray from The Pilgrim’s Progress by Bunyan.Thackeray draws a broad panorama of social life in his novel, ruthlessly criticizing money worship, cruelty and unscrupulousness.在他的小说中描述了广阔的社会生活，无情抨击了残酷和不择手段的拜金主义人物：Rebecca Sharp---a perfect embodiment of the spirit of Vanity Fair as her only aspiration in life is to gain wealth and position by and means.唯一的愿望：人生就是在名利场中，完美的获取财富和地位的手段。特点：novels mainly contain a satirical portrayal of the upper strata of society.小说是一个含有讽刺意味的上流社会写照。5）、George Eliot乔治。艾略特 女
Adam Bede novel, The mill on the floss, Middlemarch.Her preoccupation was always with the serious consideration of the moral position of the individual in the universe, but her psychological insight into the development of character.她最认真考虑的是个人的道德立场，但是她的心洞察了个性的发展。
特点：the significance of G.Eliot’s work lies in the portrayal of the pettiness and stagnancy of English provincial life.艾略特写作的意义在于琐碎的描绘和英国生活的停滞。
3、桂冠诗人(poet-laureate): 1)、Alfred，Lord Tennyson唐纳森
Break, Break, Break破，破，破 Crossing the Bar过沙洲
2)、Robert Browning My Last Duchess 已故的公爵夫人 Jealous嫉妒Stingy小气。Home-Thoughts, from Abroad异国情思
贡献：dramatic monologues戏剧独白dramatic lyrics戏剧抒情诗dramatic romances戏剧传奇
九、The transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19世纪到20世纪英国文学的过渡期
1、Aestheticism唯美主义“art for art’s sake”为艺术而艺术
2、代表人物 1）、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者Pessimists，Tess of the D’Urbervilles 苔丝 Jude the obscure裘德 novel 特点：His career is thus divided sharply between his Victorian novels and his post-Victorian poetry.他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。2）、Oscar Wilde“art for art’s sake”为艺术而艺术The picture of…… ……的画像 3）、George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳 剧作家（playwright）Mrs.Warren’s profession华莱夫人的职业
4）、D.H Lawrence 劳伦斯 Lady Chatterley’s lover查泰来夫人的情人
The Rainbow彩虹Sons and Lovers儿子与情人(恋母情结)
3、“stream of consciousness” 意识流代表人物
1）、Virginia Woolf 弗吉尼亚。沃尔夫 Mrs.Dalloway, A Room of one’s Own Woolf was much concerned with the position of woman.非常重视妇女的地位 2）、James Joyce :Ulysses伊利斯
His masterpiece Ulysses was banned in both Britain and America on its first appearance in 1922.
第五篇：英美文学史 重要作家作品
English Literature ——The beginning period of English literature Chaucer, the first important writer in English history Beowulf, the most impressive long poem in Old English, was created around A.D.700;it is believed written by a Danish cleric.14th C England, three major poets: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, and the anonymous “Gawain-poet”
Chaucer is the father of modern English poetry.His first major work: The Book of the Duchess
his monumental success: The Canterbury Tales（砍特博雷故事集）
William Langland, “Piers Plowman”
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, one of the most out standing poems in medieval English literature, was not focusing on real human life and character.——The glory of poetry: From Sidney to Pope Five great poets: Shakespeare, Spenser, Sidney, Donne, Milton
Philip Sidney(菲利普·西德尼), best represented the spirit of the Elizabeth Age.The famous words:” Thy need is greater than mine.”
His major achievement as a poet: Astrophel and Stella
Others: Defense of Poetry(诗辩), An Apology for Poetry Edmund Spencer(斯宾塞): The Faerie Queen(仙后), his great allegory
The Shepheardes Calendar(牧羊人的日记)
Amoretti(爱情小诗)Shakespeare: Sonnets---represent the finest poetic craftsmanship of Elizabethan poetry.He was the most distinguished practitioner of the English sonnet during the Elizabethan Age.John Donne(多恩)---a metaphysical poet(玄学派);Holy Sonnets
Other metaphysical poets of his time: George Herbert, Richard Crashaw, Henry Vaughan John Milton(弥尔顿): Paradise Lost is his masterpiece and one of the greatest poems in world literature.Paradise Regained, Samson Agonistes(drama)John Dryden(德莱顿)as a poet---the neoclassicists(新古典主义)Alexander Pope(亚历山大·薄柏): He brought the heroic couplet
His first important poem, An Essay on Criticism
His most famous poem, The Rape of the Lock
——The golden age of English drama The Elizabethan Age is the age of sonnets, and the age of drama.Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛), he is the most outstanding dramatist among the group “University Wits”.He is acknowledged as the greatest tragedy writer before William Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Doctor Eaustus(浮士德医生)
The Jew of Malta(马耳他岛的犹太人)William Shakespeare’s dramatic career can be divided into four periods Ben Jonson: Volpone or the Fox, The Alchemist John Webster: The White Devil and The Duchess of Malfi
——The beauty of Prose: From Malory to Pepys King Alfred’s Anglo Saxon Chronicle(编年史)is considered the beginning of English prose.Thomas Malory: Le Morte D’Arthur---a landmark achievement in this field
17th.C, great prose writers: Francis Bacon, Thomas Browne, Samuel Pepys
Milton’s Areopagitica(为英国人民申辩);
The Bible of King James Version---the noblest monument of English prose Francis Bacon: Essays---he became the first English “essayist”
——The rise of the novel
Pamela(帕米拉), the first mature English novel----English novels before 18th C John Bunyan(班扬): masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress(天路历程)----The rise of the novel in 18th C Daniel Defoe: The Life and Adventures of Robinson Crusoe Jonathan Swift: Gulliver’s Travels(格列佛游记)----The maturity of the novel Samuel Richardson: the founder of the English domestic novel
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded---the first English novel Henry Fielding: Tom Thumb---the most popular play Joseph Andrews(约瑟夫·安德鲁斯)The life of Mr.Jonathan Wild the Great The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling---ranks high Amelia---his last novel Tobias Smollett: The Adventures of Roderick Random(蓝登传)
The Expedition of Humphry Clinker(汉弗莱·克林克历险记)Laurence Sterne: The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy(项狄传)，A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy(感伤的旅行)
——A false world: English drama from Dryden to Sheridan John Dryden---the leading literary figure in the Restoration period----Drama in 18th C John Gay(约翰·盖伊): The Beggar’s Opera(乞丐歌剧)Oliver Goldsmith(哥尔斯密): The Deserted Village(荒芜的村庄)
The Vicar of Wakefield(威克菲尔德的牧师)
She Stoops to Conquer(委曲求全)Richard Brinsley Sheridan---the greatest dramatist of the century
The Rivals(对手)
The School for Scandal(造谣学校)---the best of his plays
——Emotion and Nature in Romantic Poetry William Blake and Robert Burns were the two notable forerunners of romantic poetry.William Blake: Songs of Innocence(天真之歌)
Songs of Experience(经验之歌)
Marriage of Heaven and Hell
Robert Burns: Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect(苏格兰方言诗集)
A Red, Red Rose
Auld Lang Syne(友谊地久天长)William Wordsworth: The Prelude(序曲)
The Solitary Reaper
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: The Rime of the Ancient Mariner(老船夫)George Gordon, Lord Byron(拜伦): Don Juan(唐璜)Percy Bysshe Shelley(雪莱): Prometheus Unbound---his masterpiece
Ode to the West Wind(西风颂)John Keats(济慈): Hyperion and The Fall of Hyperion
Ode to Autumn;Ode on a Grecian Urn;Ode to a Nightingale
——Female novelists in 19 C England
thJane Austen: Pride and Prejudice(傲慢与偏见)
Sense and Sensibility(理智与情感)
Persuasion(劝说)
Mansfield Park(曼斯菲尔德公园)
Emma(爱玛)
Northanger Abbey(诺桑觉寺)Mary Shelley: Frankenstein Charlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre(简爱)Emily Bronte: Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄)Anne Bronte: Agnes Grey George Eliot: Silas Marner(织工马南);Adam Bede(玛丽·巴顿)
Middlemarch(米德尔马契)
——Social images in 19 C English novels
thCharles John Huffam Dickens(狄更斯): Pickwick Papers(匹克威克外传)
Oliver Twist(雾都孤儿);David Copperfield(大卫·科波菲尔)
The Old Curiosity Shop(老古玩店);Dombey and Son(董贝父子)
Bleak House(荒凉山庄);Hard Times(艰难时事)
Little Dorritt(小杜丽);A Tale of Two Cites(双城记)
Great Expectations(远大前程)William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷): Vanity Fair(名利场)Thomas Hardy(托马斯·哈代): Tess of the D’Urbervilles(德伯家的苔丝)
Jude the Obscure(无名的裘德)
Far from the Madding Crowd(远离尘嚣)
The Return of the Native(还乡)
——English prose in 18 C and 19 C----18th.C prose
th
thSamuel Johnson---his death marked the end of the Age of Reason
Life of Johnson
The Oxford English Dictionary
Thomas Carlyle(卡莱尔): The French Revolution
Past and Present
——Various Moods in 19.C English poetry
thAlfred, Lord Tennyson---the most prolific poet of the age
In Memoriam;Idylls of the King Robert Browning: The Ring and the Book---masterpiece
Dramatis Personae
Dramatic Monologue(戏剧独白)
——Major novelists in the late 19 and 20 C
th
thJoseph Conrad(康拉德)---p329 John Galsworthy(高尔斯华)---p335
Nobel Prize
H.G.(Herbert George)Wells(威尔斯): The Time Machine(时间机器)
The Invisible Man(隐身人)
The War of the Worlds
A Modern Utopia
——The stream of consciousness novels Virginia Woolf(沃尔夫): Mrs.Dalloway(达洛卫夫人)
To the Lighthouse
Orlando , A Biography(奥兰多传)
The Waves(浪)James Joyce(乔伊斯): Ulysses(尤利西斯)
A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man(一个青年艺术家的肖像)
Finnegans Wake
——The new poetry in 20 C
thWilliam Butler Yeats(威廉·巴特勒·叶芝)---p372
Nobel Prize T.S.Eliot---the most influential poet of the 20th C
The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock---one of his most famous poems
The Waste Land(荒原)---his monumental success
Murder in the Cathedral(大教堂凶杀案)
The Cocktail Party---drama
He won the Nobel Prize in 1948
——20 C novels before 1950 thDavid Herbert Lawrence(劳伦斯): Sons and Lovers(儿子与情人)
The Rainbow
Women in Love
William Somerset Maugham: Of Human Bondage
The Moon and Sixpence
Cakes and Ale
The Razor’s Edge
Katherine Mansfield: The Garden Party and Other Stories George Orwell(乔治·奥威尔): Animal Farm(动物庄园)
Nineteen Eight-four(一九八四)
——Despair and Absurdity in contemporary English drama John Osborne(约翰·奥斯朋): Look Back in Anger(愤怒中回顾)Samuel Beckett(赛缪尔·贝克特)---a forerunner of the theater of the absurd
Waiting for Godot(等待戈多)
Nobel Prize in 1969
——Diversified topics in contemporary English novels William Golding(戈尔丁): Lord of the Flies(蝇王)
The Inheritors(继承人)
He won the Nobel Prize in 1983 Kingsley Amis(艾米斯·金斯利): Lucky Jim(幸运的吉姆)
Under the Net(网之下)Doris Lessing: The Golden Notebook(金色笔记)
She won the Nobel Prize in 2007
American Literature ——American Romanticism
American literature achieved maturity in the 19th C.----Early Romanticism Washington Irving(华盛顿·欧文): Rip Van Winkle---p73 James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库柏): the series if five novels
The Deerslayer(杀鹿人);The Last of the Mohicans(最后的莫希干人);The Pathfinder(探路者);The Pioneers(拓荒者);The Prairie(草原)----Transcendentalism and Symbolic Representation Ralph Waldo Emerson(拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生)---the most representative Transcendentalist---p88
Nature;The American Scholar Henry David Thoreau(亨利·戴维·梭罗): Walden
The essay “Civil Disobedience”----Interrogation Innocence Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳撒尼尔·霍桑): The Scarlet Letter---the first great American novel Herman Melville(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔): Moby-Dick(白鲸)Edgar Allan Poe(爱伦·坡)---p114----Whitman and Dickinson Walt Whitman(沃尔特·惠特曼): Leaves of Grass(草叶集)Emily Dickinson---p127----A House Divided: Writing against slavery Harriet Beecher Stowe: Uncle Tom’s Cabin(汤姆叔叔的小屋)Frederick Douglass: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave
——American Realism----Regional and Local color writings Mark Twain(马克·吐温)---the greatest humorist in the 19th C
The Gilded Age(镀金时代)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
Henry James---p155----Literary Naturalism Stephen Crane: Maggie;The Red Badge of Courage
----women writing in the women question Kate Chopin: The Awakening(觉醒)---p176
——American Modernism----The evolution of modernism Willa Cather(薇拉·凯瑟)---p203----American modernism in Europe Ezra Pound(埃兹拉·庞德): Cantos(诗章);Personae(人物)----Modern fiction between the wars William Faulkner(威廉·弗克那): The Sound and the Fury(喧嚣与骚动)
Light in August(八月之光)
Go down, Moses
He won the Nobel Prize in 1949---p225 Ernest Hemingway(海明威): The Old Man and Sea(老人与海)
The Sun Also Rises(太阳照样升起)
He won the Nobel Prize in 1954---p234 F.Scott Fitzgerald(弗·斯哥特·菲茨杰拉德): The Great Gatsby(了不起的盖茨比);Tender is the Night(夜色温柔)----Modern American Poetry T.S.Eliot(艾略特)---p247 William Carols Williams(威廉姆斯): The Red Wheelbarrow(手推车)
Paterson
E.E.Cummings(肯明斯): Him;Santa Claus;A Morality
----African American literature and modernism Jean Toomer(图默): Cane(公民凯恩)Langston Hughes(兰斯顿·休斯): The Negro Speaks of Rivers
Zora Neale Hurston(佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿): Their Eyes Were Watching God(他们在观望上帝)Richard Wright(理查德·赖特): Native Son(土生子)
Invisible Man(隐形人)
The Man Who Lived Underground
——American literature diversified: From 1945to the 21 C----literature diversified under new conditions Existentialism---p272 Postmodernism---p273----American theatre: Three major playwrights
stEugene O’Neill(尤金·奥尼尔)---American’s first dramatist of world stature
He won four Pulitzer prizes, and won the Nobel Prize in1936.Tennessee Williams(田纳西·威廉姆斯): A Streetcar Named Desire(欲望号街车);Glass Menagerie(玻璃动物园)Arthur Miller(阿瑟·米勒): Death of a Salesman(推销员之死)
The Crucible----Major fiction writers: 1945 till 1960s Saul Bellow---a leading novelist in post-World WarⅡAmerica
He won the Nobel Prize in 1976.----Poetic tendencies since 1945 Allen Ginsberg---p322----Contemporary multiethnic literature
African American, Asian American, Native American, Latino literature Toni Morrison---contemporary African American novelist
Winner of the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature Maxine Hong Kingston---Asian American novelist---p343 Amy Tan---Asian American novelist
The Joy Luck Club---p345
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