英美文学

第一篇：英美文学

severalfamous sonnets – a powerful expose of social evils

of the poet’s age,– on steadfast love

Artistic achievement profound in their moral depth and more complex in their expressed feelings.University witsa group of talented youngdramatists

Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)

One of the “University wits”

The greatest tragedy playwright before William Shakespeare

His masterwork: Doctor Faustus(1604)(P75-76)

Doctor Faustus(1604)

Doctor Faustus’s contract with Lucifer, a devil.His twenty four year long life in an exchange for some magic power:

----playing tricks upon the Pope(The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.);

---calling for the spirit of Alexander the Great(the emperor ofMacedonia)and it appears;Doctor Faustus(1604)

---having succeeded in having Helen, the beauty of ancient Troy, as his wife.Finally, Doctor Faustus is sent to hell because of the deadly sin has damned both his body and his soul.Doctor Faustus(1604)

Analysis of the hero: Doctor Faustus

Knowledgeable, but having blind faith in human intellect;

Ambitious and proud: A passionate seeker for

power, which comes from forbidden knowledge.Doctor Faustus’s Biblical source:

The fall of Adam and Eve

William Shakespeare

He is the author of 37 plays, but we are not certain of his life story until now.Drama: his career may be dividedinto four periods.(P78)

---Comedies in the four periods

---Tragedies in the four periods

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Othello:

---Othello: a capable general in Venice

---Desdemonon: a strong-minded, beautiful girl

---Iago: one of the officers under Othello

Reasons for the tragedy:

jealousy

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)Macbeth:

---Macbeth: to commit murder in order to become king knowing he will be the king of Scotland from the witch

---lady Macbeth: to encourage her husband

---Duncan: king of Scotand who was murdered by Macbeth

Reasons for the tragedy :ambition, lust for power

Plot of Four Great Tragedies(P86-P87)King Lear:

---King Lear: a wish to divide his kingdom and give it to his daughters

---Goneril and Regan: his two elder daughters who flatter him

---Cordelia: his youngest daughter who speaks her true mind but loves her father most

Reasons for the tragedy: Misjudgment

Hamlet

Leading characters:

Hamlet : the Prince of Denmark

King Hamlet: Father of the Prince, wecan only see his ghost

Claudius: Hamlet’s uncle, now the King

Gertrude: Hamlet’s mother, and the Queen of Denmark. Polonius:Ophelia’s father, the King’s trusted courtier

Laertes: Ophelia’s brother, Polonius’s son

Hamlet

Act 1:

Old Hamlet’sghost told Hamlet a tale of

horror.There has been murder andadultery;and the Ghost demands revenge for his wrongs.Hamlet makes a promise to revenge for his father’s death before the Ghostleaves.Act 2:

To dull his uncle’s vigilance, Hamlet pretends to go mad.However, his madness is taken by Polonius, an old courtier who is loyal to Claudius , to an emotionaldisturbance due to his passion for Ophelia, daughter of Polonius.At this moment, a company of playersvisits the castle, and Hamlet will have a play acted, which resembles the late king’s murder.Act 3:

The guilty Claudius starts up in fear before the play ends, and goes out.Gertrude sends Hamlet to her chamber, where he reveals Claudius’s baseness and expresses his indignation at her hasty marriage with Claudius, which renders the queen heart-broken.Then Hamlet becomes aware that he is being overheard in the conversation.Thinking it is Claudius that is in hiding, he runs his sword through the arras but finds the eavesdropper thus killed to be Polonius.Before he parts from his mother, Hamlet refers to the King’s decision to send him to England.Act4:

The king now determines to kill Hamlet.He sends Hamlet to England, intending to have him killed there.But pirates capture Hamlet and send him back to Denmark again.Heart-broken at the death of her father, Ophelia goes mad and then is drowned in a stream.Hamlet returns just at the time of her funeral.In the grave-yard he has a quarrel with Laertes, Ophelia’s brother.Laertes vows to avenge the death of his father and sister.Act 5:

With Laertes, Claudius conspires to do away with Hamlet.The kings arranges that Laertes is to challenge Hamlet to a friendly duel andkill him with a poisoned rapier.In the duel, Laertes wounds Hamlet but is himself struck with the same poisoned weapon.Before death, Laertes reveals the plot.The queen, at this moment, has drunk from a poisoned cup intended for Hamlet.Hamlet, in a passion, stabs the King, and then dies through his poisoned wound, giving the election to the crown to young Fortinbras, the prince of Norway.

第二篇：英美文学

A summery of first two lessons

From the previous classes, we＇ve essentially get an brief idea of some basic knowledge about the United Kingdom.The main knowledge points can be concluded as follows:

The full name of the complicated country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Britain is no longer an imperial country, though its past has huge effects.The two main effects respectively lie in Britain＇international relationships and the make-up of the British population.UK, as a multiracial society, has the remarkable class regional and economic differences.London, the capital and the largest city, is dominant in the UK in all fields.England, the largest in geography and population of the four nations, dominant in culture and economy.A British invasions history which experiences from stages.Scotland, the most confident of its own identity, has spent a history as a unified state independent of the UK.Scotland joined the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliament.A brief introduction to Wales.Northern Ireland has an active cultural life but has its problems because of the conflicts and the influence of UK.Irish desires for an indepent Irish state all the time, therefore issues accurred in frequent succession.The Home Rule Bill, the East Rising of 1916 and the Sinn Fein Party made Irish independent.There exists religious conflicts between the Irish and the British because of the ethnical distinction.British government organised a partition of Ireland as a compromise.More violent campaign, IRA＇s violence and Bloody Sunday.In order to halt the terrible conflicts, Ireland and Great Britain aim to cooperate with each other and arrive at a resolution.Finally, the Good Friday Agreement was emerged.Learning first two lessons has laid a good foundation for our further study on the following lessons.I＇m looking forward to comprehend more knowledge about British politics, economy, culture and foreign relations and so on.

第三篇：英美文学。

一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America

1．船长约翰•史密斯Captain John Smith

《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》

“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”

《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》

“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country”

《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia”

2．威廉•布拉德福德William Bradford and John Winthrop

《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”

3．约翰•温思罗普John Winthrop

《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England”

4．罗杰•威廉姆斯Roger Williams

《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America”

或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》

Or “ A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ”

5．安妮•布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet

《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》

”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America

二、理性和革命时期文学 The Literature of Reason and Revolution

1。本杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin

※《自传》“ The Autobiography ”

《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac”

2。托马斯•佩因Thomas Paine

※《美国危机》“The American Crisis”

《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”

《常识》“Common Sense”

《人权》“Rights of Man”

《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason”

《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice”

3。托马斯•杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson

※《独立宣言》

4。菲利浦•弗瑞诺Philip Freneau

※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle”

※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground”

※《致凯提•迪德》“To a Caty-Did”

《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy”

《夜屋》“The House of Night”

《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”

《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》

“The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War”

《札记》“Miscellaneous Works”

第四篇：英美文学

SIR THOMAS MALORY

(1405-1471)

The OutlineI.SIR THOMAS MALORY

II.Morte d' Arthur《亚瑟王之死》

III.Questions for Discussion

.SIR THOMAS MALORY(1405-1471)

Life: He was very rich because he inherited a

considerable estate in Warwickshire(a county in west

central England)upon his father's death in 1433 and he

seems to have quickly become drawn into the turmoil of

local politics.In 1445, he became a Member of

Parliament for his county: a rather unstable area during

this time because the usually powerful Earl of Warwick,was only in his mid-teens.A lot of political affairs in Warwickshire led Sir

Thomas into his numerous clashes with the law.From

1444 onwards, he was caught up in raids(袭击)on the

attacks on the Duke of Buckingham and Combe Abbey

大修道院,大寺院 , as well as a number of thefts in the county

of Essex.Keen to blacken his name, Sir Thomas'

enemies branded(给某人加上污名)him “a rapist, church-

robber, extortioner(勒索者，敲诈者)and would-be

murderer".Unlucky or incompetent,Sir Thomas was certainly in prison almost

continuously throughout the 1450s, though he did

escape several times.His pardon came to him in

October 1462, followed by military service in

Northumbria.From then on he kept his head down,but may have become embroiled(使卷入)in Cook's

Conspiracy(阴谋活动)of 1468, for which he was

imprisoned.There, he turned to writing and earned

eternal fame.Sir Thomas died on 12th March 1471,probably in Newgate Prison(London).He was buried in the nearby Friary Church of St.Francis.II.Morte d' Arthur

《亚瑟王之死》

Malory's tale begins with the mysterious birth of Arthur and ends with his equally mysterious death.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table.The knights fight many battles and win glory, all of which is a credit to the name of King Arthur.Near the end of the story, however, the tide of good fortune turns.Launcelot, one of Arthur's knights, falls in love with Arfhur's queen, Guinever, and the lady

returns his love.One by one the other knight become discontented(使不满), selfish, or

disillusioned(使醒悟;使不再抱幻想;使...的理想破灭).Thus weakened, the kingdom is attacked by force under Sir Mordred, Arthur's treacherous(背叛的;不忠的)nephew, and ultimately it goes down in defeat.Arthur is borne away(被...所驱使)on a barge(大型平底船)by three mysterious ladies of the Lake.Morte d‘Arthur was written in a time of transition.The feudal order was dying.By the time Malory began writing his story, soldiers were fighting with gunpowder, a middle class of

tradesmen was arising;and the practices of chivalry were being replaced(代替,取代)by a new aristocratic code.Malory, in a desire to escape the disorder and uneasiness of his day,tried to recapture lost ideals of the romantic past as recounted(叙述,讲述)in his tale of noble kings, adventurous knights, and damsels(少女;闺女)in distress(悲痛;苦恼;忧伤;贫困,穷苦;危难;不幸;引起痛苦或悲痛的事物).This book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.III.Questions for Discussion

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

2.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?

3.Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

1.What are the features of Popular Ballads?

See the last paragraph on Page 50 to the fifth paragraph on Page 51.of our text book.What is the story of Morte d‘Arthur ?See Page 6 –9 of our PPt..Why is Sir Thomas Malory an important writer the 15th century?

See the first paragraph on Page 52 of our text book.

第五篇：英美文学

《英美文学》复习方法

一、找到《英美文学》的辅导书，例如《自考一本通》《自考直通车》等类型的汉语版辅导书。

二、先把汉语版辅导书的课文翻译通读，理解了全书每个章节的内容和知识点；用汉语记录重点；

三、第一轮复习顺序：

1、先看英国文学，后看美国文学

2、按照时间顺序看，每个时代都有代表性文学流派和代表作家及代表性作品

3、按照课本的章节顺序，看完汉语译文后，对照英语译文，划出课本上对每个时代代表性流派，代表作家和代表作品的描述和评论。名词性描述一般是填空题和选择搭配题；评论部分是简单题和问答题；*只看代表性的重要信息，非代表性作品和作家生平介绍不用看；记住某个时代某个流派有哪些代表作家，哪些代表性作品及该作品的简要介绍和评论。

4、按照章节划出重点信息，然后整理笔记；

5、全部整理完毕之后，基本上对文学史和代表文学作品有了基本了解。

四、第二轮复习顺序

1、找到历年真题，做题的时候对照答案，寻找该答案在课文原文中的原始线索，并作好整理记录；

2、整理理解全部真题的答案以后，对课本的重点知识就有了比较清楚的理解；

五、考前突击复习

1、依据真题笔记和第二轮复习的笔记，对不熟悉的部分进行重点复习。

2、根据以往考题的研究，旧题还会重新考，所以大家要关注所有做过的真题和各章节中没有考过的但属于代表性知识的部分，这些有可能是将要考的新题。自学考试已经有历史了，所以过去的真题加起来也就是全书的重点知识网络，所以认真复习真题并理解消化，整理帮助记忆，这对于考试制胜是最好的办法。

*警告：千万不要抛开课本直接做真题；

千万不要死记硬背，而是要在理解的基础上反复读，抄写，默记；反复整理笔记，新的笔记只记录没有掌握好的，直到最后的笔记成为提纲式的。

〈高级英语〉复习方法说明；

一、对照辅导书，精读课文，做课后练习；

二、找来历年考试真题，认真做，查到答案在课本中的相关地方

三、认真复习真题，总结知识点；错题本，反复研究错题

四、回到课本，从头到尾认真阅读课文，全面复习重点知识点；

五、整理真题，再次复习错题；

*高级英语上下册32个单元，复习面积很大，所以必须早动手，狠下功夫。

祝愿大家能够取得优秀的成绩！