英美历史

第一篇：英美历史

American History

1.Colonial Period(1607-1775)

2.War of Independence and Founding of the United States(1775-1789)

3.Expansion of America(1790s-1890s)

4.American Civil War and Reconstruction(1861-1877)

5.Gilded Age and Progressive Era(1877-1920s)

6.The Great Depression and the New Deal(1920s-1940s)

7.American in Turbulence(1950s-1970s)

Natives of America：

Indians(since 20,000 ago)斯密斯船长2)102 Puritans, to escape religious persecution, sailed in a ship called Mayflower arrived at 2 War of Independence and Founding of the United States(1775-1789)

3)The was held in and the Congress founded a 5)In 1777, theestablished a weak federal government that operated until 1789.6)in 1788, thewas ratified , and the new republic's , and ——took office in 1789.Federalists and Anti-Federalists

Federalists:

Alexander Hamilton 汉密尔顿

John Jay 杰伊

James Madison 曼迪逊

Anti-Federalists:

Thomas Jefferson

Andrew Jackson, 第七任美国总统(1829-1837)

Jacksonian Democracy

杰克逊式民主美国前七任总统

3.Expansion of America(1790-1890)

1)1803, bought Louisiana from France

2)1818, bought Florida from Spain

3)1823, “Monroe Doctrine”: Its primary objective was to free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European intervention and control.4)1840s, annexed Texas, New Mexico and California from Mexico

5)1867, bought Alaska from Russia

Westward Movement（late 18th –late 19th century）

美国领土扩张

4.American Civil War and Reconstruction(1861-1877)

Abraham Lincoln(1809-1865)

Gettysburg Address

• The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget

what they did here.It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated to the great task remaining before us;that from these honored dead, we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion;that this Nation, under GOD, shall have a new birth of freedom;and that government of the People by the People and for the People shall not perish from the earth."

• Abraham Lincoln

5.Gilded Age and Progressive Era(1877-1920s)

1)Gilded Age refers to major growth in population in the United States and extravagant displays of wealth and excess of America's upper-class during the post-and post-, in the late 19th century(1877-1890).The Progressive Era in thewas a period of reform which lasted from the 1890s to the 1920s.Responding to the changes brought about by industrialization, theadvocated a wide range of economic, political, social, and moral reforms.The Great Depression and the New Deal

1)Great Depression(1929-1933)to get America out of the depression.The New Deal includes and proposed to establish

Franklin D.Roosevelt(1933-1945)

Mount Rushmore National Memorial

Mount Rushmore National Memorial

Washington

Jefferson

Thoredore Roosevelt

Lincoln

7.American in Turbulence

1)The Civil Rights Movements

a 1956, the Supreme Court declared Alabama’s segregation laws unconstitutional.delivered the famous speech “”

2008.Obama’s

Rosa Parks(1913-2005)

Alabama’s segregation

Film:

2)Vietnam War(1950-1973)be the longest war it had fought as President.3)Watergate Scandal as a result of this scandal and handed over his power to vice president

British History

1.The founding of England

2.Medieval Period(1066-1487)

3.The English Reformation and the English Renaissance(1500-1600)

4.Civil War and Britain in the 17th Century

5.The Industrial Revolution(1780-1830)

6.Victorian Age(1837-1901)

7.Britain in the 20th CenturyThe founding of England

1)Early Settlers

2)Roman Britain(1st-–5th century)

Julius Caesar(102 BC---44 BC)

Emperor Hadrian(76---138)

Hadrian Wall

4)The Anglo-Saxons

2.Medieval Period(1066-1487)

1)Norman Conquest in 1066

2)The Great Charter in 1215

3)The Hundred Years' War with France(1337-1453)

4)The War of Roses(1453-1487)

1)Norman Conquest in 1066and landed in England and crowned the King of England.2)The Great Charter in 1215

or was a statement of the feudal relationship between the Crown and the Barons, a guarantee of the Freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king.King John(1166-1216)

3)The Hundred Years' War with France(1337-1453)

The Hundred Years' War was a prolonged conflict lasting from 1337 to 1453 between two royal houses for the French throne.The two primary contenders were theand the , also known as the House of Anjou.The House of Valois claimed the title of King of France, while the Plantagenets from England claimed to be Kings of France and England.4)The War of Roses(1453-1487)

The Wars of the Roses(1453–1487)were a series of dynasticfought inbetween supporters of the Houses of(representedThe English Reformation and the English Renaissance

1）The English Reformation

The English Reformation was the series of events in 16th centuryby which the(Anglican Church)first broke away from the authority of theand the.The beginning of the English Reformation is often considered 1534 when Supremacy passed which made theKing Henry VIII(1491-1547)电影

Queen Elizabeth(1533 – 1603)

Tolerant religious policy

Defeated Spanish Armada.打败西班牙无敌舰队

“a marble stone shall declare that a queen, having reigned such a time, lived and died a virgin”4 Civil War and Britain in the 17th Century

1)The English Civil War

The English Civil War(1642–51)was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations betweenand.The Civil War ended with the Parliamentary victory at theon 3 September 1651.The Civil War led to the trial and , the exile of his son, Charles II, and replacement ofwith first, the(1649–53), and then with a(1653–59), under 's personal rule.2)The English Restoration(1660-1688)

The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the ,andwere restored underafter thethat followed the.3)The Glorious Revolution

The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of(VII of Scotland)in 1688 by a union ofwith an invading army led by the(William of), who as a result ascended the English

throne as William III of England.4)The Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is an act of the , The Bill of Rights of theis largely a statement of certainto whichandof awere thought to be entitled in the late 17th century.It also sets out certain constitutional requirements ofto seek the consent of the people, as represented in.5)Whigs and Tories

As a result of the Glorious Revolution, the Whigs and Tories came into being.They were

the world's first political parties and over the years to come they were to share government and opposition in a dual party system.The Whigs became the Liberal Party in the 19th century and the Tories became the Conservative Party.The Industrial Revolution(1780-1830)

Overview: The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, production, and transportation had a profound effect on theandconditions in.It started with the mechanization of theindustries.The introduction offuelled primarily by coal, wider utilization ofand powered machinery underpinned the dramatic increases in production capacity.Major Innovations:James Watt‘s steam engine in 1765.Consequence: Britain was by 1830s the “”.6.Victorian Age(1837-1901)

The Chartist Movement(1836-1848)

Chartism was a movement forandin theduring the mid-19th century between 1838 and 1848.It takes its name from the People's Charter of 18387 Britain in the 20th Century

1).Britain and the First World War

The Work War I was fought from 1914 to 1918 primarily between two European Power blocs： “the Central power” Germany and Austria-Hungary，and the “Allies”，Britain，France and Russia.During the war，the Britain lost much.Apart from the loss of manpower，there had been considerable disruption of the economy and society.Out of the war settlement came the

2).Britain Between the Two World Wars

The effects of the New York Stock Market Crash of 1929 soon spread throughout Europe and by 1931 Britain was entering the Great depression.Edward VIII(1894-1972)

3).Britain and the Second World War

As Adolf Hitler and Nazism showed off their aggressive momentum in Europe，the Prime Minister，（绥靖政策）of German aggression was no longer tenable，and was forced to declare war on Germany on September 3, 1939.4).Postwar Britain

（1）One of the most far-reaching consequences of the War was that it hastened the end of Britain‘s empire.（2）In 1952 Princess Elizabeth was crowned Queen Elizabeth II.Many people through television saw the ceremony.（4）In January 1973，Britain became a full member of the European Economic Community which was still called the Common Market in 1973.Britain witnessed the first oil shock in 1973.（5）Mrs.Thatcher

Thatcherism referred to the policies put forward by Margaret Thatcher，in England in 1979.The main contents of her policies included the use of monetarist policies to control inflation，the weakening of trade unions the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order.To some extent her program was successful and she led one of the most remarkable periods in the British economy.Mrs.Thatcher(1925---)

第二篇：英美概况---新西兰历史

地球上最年轻的国家

公元前十世纪，波利尼西亚人最先来到新西兰，一直到公元12世纪，全国分布了许多定居点。

1642年，荷兰航海家阿贝尔塔斯曼观察到新西兰岛屿，并以一个荷兰的地名命名这块土地。他绘制了部分西海岸地图，但没有登陆。

1769年，英国海军船长詹姆斯库克及其船员成为首先踏足新西兰土地的欧洲人。随后，捕捞海豹和鲸鱼的人们来到这里。传教士也很快跟随而至。定居点开始逐渐建立起来。

到1840年，毛利人开始到达十万人。大约二千名欧洲定居者分布在沿海地区(毛利人称其为“Pakeha”意思是白人)。

新西兰那时没有全国政府或全国领导人。毛利人和白人团体要求英国提供某些保护以及法律和秩序。

新西兰于1840年成为英国王室管辖的一个殖民地。新西兰毛利部落首领于1840年2月6日签署了《怀唐衣条约》《The Treaty of Waitangi》。该条约是毛利人和英国王室之间的协议，被视为新西兰的建国文件。

该条约给予定居者在新西兰的居住权。该条约亦承诺毛利人将继续拥有他们的土地、森林和渔业资源，按照他们的意愿可以长久保持。条约谈到毛利人将对土地及其生活方式自己做出决定，并且承诺组织政府以维护全体人民和和平和秩序。该条约亦承诺他们享有与英国国民同等的权利。条约签署后，更多的人开始来到新西兰并在这里定居。大多数人去南岛定居，因为那里的土地适合耕作，并且在奥塔哥和西海岸地区发现了金矿。然而，自本世纪之交，来北岛定居的人多于南岛。到十九世纪八十年代，全国人口增加到五十万，并开始建设铁路和公路。定居者建立的农场已经成为新西兰经济的支柱。1893年，新西兰成为第一个赋予妇女选举权的国家。

1935年，新西兰选出工党政府，该政府进行了一系列的社会改革，其中包括每周40小时工作制以及国家拨款的卫生和福利制度。第二次世界大战后，新西兰的农产品需求开始增加，1950年代，全国就业迅速增长，工业空前繁荣。

1970年代到1980年代，由于对进口(特别是石油)和持续对肉类、乳制品和羊毛出口的长期依赖，新西兰经济开始下滑，特别是1970年代英国加入欧共体后，新西兰开始失去其传统的出口市场。

1980年代，工党政府开始进行新的货币政策，工业解除限制，取消津贴以及将许多政府部门私有化等大范围的改革。从此，经济开始逐渐好转，失业人数开始下降。

步入21世纪，全球经济增长放缓，特别是美国经济出现大滑坡。而新西兰采取了良好的货币政策，出口和国内生产总值持续上升，劳动就业市场出现较大需求。

目前新西兰经济正处于平稳发展当中。

第三篇：英美概况 美国历史练习题

英美概况 美国历史练习题

I.Multiple Choices

1.The history of the U.S.is generally agreed to have begun in _____.A.1620 B.1607 C.1776

2.The following states are among the first thirteen colonies except _____.A.Maryland B.South Carolina C.Delaware D.Colorado

3._____ was the first man who sailed around the earth.A.John CabotB.MagellanC.BalboaD.Cartier

4.The colonial life can be described as the following except _____.A.simpleB.easyC.roughD.hard

5.The Stamp Act was passed in _____ and was repealed in _____.A.1765, 1766 B.1764, 1765 C.1763, 1764

6.The First Continental Congress was held in _____ in September, 1774.A.Philadelphia B.Boston C.New York

7.The American War of Independence started in _____ and ended in _____.A.1776, 1784 B.1775, 1783 C.1706, 1714

8.Washington won the great victory on December 26, 1776 in _____.A.Gettysburg B.Pittsburgh C.Trenton

9.The battle of _____ marked the turning point of the War of Independence.A.New York B.Saratoga C.Bunker Hill

10.On October 19th, 1781, the British General Cornwallis and his 7,000 men surrendered at _____.A.Yorktown B.Boston C.Charleston

11.The Constitutional Convention was held in 1787 to_____.A.The Articles of the Confederation B.Bill of Rights

C.Civil Rights

12.The first ten amendments, known as _____, were added to the Constitution in 1791.A.the Bill of Rights B.the Articles C.Civil Rights

13.After the Federal Government was established, the city _____ was chosen as the capital for the time being.A.Washington B.New York C.Philadelphia

14.The“Common Sense” was written by _____.A.Thomas Edison B.Thomas Paine C.Thomas Jefferson

15.The Second President John Adams adopted a high-handedwhich was called _____.A.the “Intolerable Acts” B.Un-American Activities

C.the Sedition Act 16.The greatestmade by President Thomas Jefferson was his _____.A.abolishing the Sedition Act B.reducing taxes

C.purchasing Louisiana from France

17.The Second Anti-English War broke out in _____ and ended in _____.The U.S.won the war.A.1812, 1814 B.1813, 1815 C.1814, 1816

18.As the result of the U.S.-Mexican War, nearly _____ of the entire territory of Mexico was lost.A.1/4 B.1/2 C.1/3

19.In 1844 the U.S.forced the Chinese Government to sign the firsttreaty of _____.A.WangxiaB.Nanjing C.Tianjin

20.The Articles of Confederation was accepted by all the _____ states in _____.A.50, 1781 B.13, 1781 C.13, 1787

21._____ was chosen as the capital for the time being in Washington's administration.A.New York B.Chicago C.Boston

22.It was _____ who advanced four plans which met bitter criticisms from many people.A.Alexander Hamilton B.Thomas Jefferson

C.George Washington

23._____ was the first American President who was inaugurated in the city of Washington.A.John Adams B.Thomas Jefferson C.James Madison

24.The War with England between 1812 and 1814 happened during the administration of President _____.A.James Madison B.James Monroe C.John Adams

25.The _____ stopped the Holy Alliance's program, and prevented the European countries from extending their influence.A.Monroe Doctrine B.Sedition Act C.Holy Alliance

26._____ was the first president who developed the power of veto into one of the means of making laws.A.John Adams B.Andrew Jackson C.Andrew Johnson

27._____ made slavery possible in the new territories such as in Kentucky and Nebraska.A.Douglas Bill B.Monroe Doctrine C.Sedition Act

28.During the Civil War Lincoln issued the _____, which declared theof slavery.A.Homestead Bill B.Emancipation Proclamation

C.Both A and B

29.The Battle of _____ was the turning point of the American Civil War.A.Bull Run B.Gettysburg C.Richmond

30.The first imperialist war took place between the U.S.and _____ in 1898.A.Britain B.France C.Spain

31.The first American President from the Republic Party is _____.A.Abraham Lincoln B.Andrew Johnson

C.Thomas Jefferson D.George Washington

32.In 1918 President _____ issued the “Fourteen Points”.A.Woodrow Wilson B.William H.Taft

C.Theodore Roosevelt D.Warren G.Harding

33.Haymarket Massacre took place in _____ in May 1886.A.New York B.Chicago C.Washington

34.In 1894, the American industrial production held the _____ place in the world.A.first B.second C.third

35.McCarthy wasfor his harsh _____of thepeople.A.religious B.spiritual C.political

36.The Ku Klux Klan was the mostterrorist society which persecuted the _____.A.blacks B.Indians C.people

37.On August 14, 1914, the U.S.and Britain issued a joint communiqué called _____.A.the Teheran Declaration B.the Atlantic Charter

C.the Washington Proclamation

38.In Sino-American relations Theodore Roosevelt exercised the“_____”, invading China by means of both force and culture.A.Open Door Policy B.Big Stick C.Douglas Bill

39.The First World War broke out on July 28th, _____ and ended on November 11th, _____,for about four years.A.1913, 1917 B.1914, 1918 C.1915, 1919

40.The two military alliances during WWI were the _____ and the _____.A.Axis, Allies B.Holy Alliance, Axis

C.Central Powers, Allies

41.Theof a(n)_____ prince, Arch Duke Ferdinand, served as the direct fuse for theof WWI.A.Australia B.Belgium C.Austria

42.Altogether _____ countries became involved in or were dragged into WWI.A.33 B.38 C.39

43.The frequent emergence of the economicin the U.S.A.led to the followingeffects except _____.A.inflation B.the rise of prices C.the decrease of population

D.the decrease of the purchasing capacity

44.In April 1945 a conference was held at _____ to organize the United Nations.A.San Francisco B.New York C.Philadelphia

45._____ countries attended the conference of the foundling of the UN.A.48 B.47 C.45

46.At the _____ Conference, the heads of the Soviet Union, the U.S.and Britain discussed the problem of opening the secondin Europe.A.Yalta B.Teheran C.Casablanca

47.In July 1945, Britain, the U.S.and the Soviet Union met at Potsdam toan occupationand set up a program for the future of Germany.The meeting was the famous _____ Conference.A.Cairo B.Teheran C.Potsdam D.Quebec

48.The two fighting sides in WWII were _____.A.the Allies and the Axis(powers)B.the Axis and Holy Alliance

C.the Central Powers and the Allies

49.The _____ was the treaty signed at Versailles, near Paris in France in 1919.A.Paris Treaty B.Versailles Treaty C.Teheran Treaty

50.The meeting was held at Yalta in the Crimea of the Soviet Union in Feb, 1945.At the meeting many matters were discussed, including the final defeat of Germany, the demilitarization of Germany, the founding of the U.N.etc., this was the famous _____ Conference.A.Yalta B.Teheran C.Potsdam

51.The Communist Party of the US was founded in _____.A.1920 B.1918 C.1919

52.The U.S.Communist Party was re-established in 1945 with _____ as its general secretary.A.Levestone B.William Foster C.Earl Browder

53.The Great Depression of _____ to shook the US and the whole capitalist world to its foundations.A.1929, 1933 B.1933, 1937 C.1924, 1929

54.The programmer of 1947 that America would offer its money supplies and machinery to any European nation that wished toin was called _____.A.Eisenhower Doctrine B.Marshall Plan C.Truman Doctrine

55.The _____ broke out in June 1950 and ended in the summer of 1953.A.Vietnam War B.Cold War C.Korean War

56.In April 1949 twelve nations established the NATO tothe military actions of member nations against the _____.A.Germany B.Japan C.Soviet Union

57.The Second World War broke out in September, _____ and ended in August _____.A.1939, 1945 B.1937, 1943 C.1938, 1945

58.After WWII there emerged a new balance of power between _____ and _____.A.the Allies, the Axis Powers B.the USSR, the USA

C.the old capitalist countries, the new ones

59.There occurred _____ economic crises from the end of WWII to the middle of the 1970's.A.six B.five C.seven

60.The President Franklin D.Roosevelt proposed acalled _____ to save the economic situation.A.Good Neighbor B.the Open Door Policy

C.the New Deal

61.The Battle of _____ took place in 1942 and it was the turning point of the Pacific area.A.Midway Island B.Britain C.Normandy

62.In Feb._____ came President Nixon'svisit to China.A.1979 B.1972 C.1973

63.In 1953, _____ ended in the failure of the U.S.A.the Korean War B.the Vietnam War C.the US-Spanish War

64.On December 7th, 1941, the base of the American Pacific Fleet, Pearl Harbor, was suddenly attacked by the _____ air force and navy.A.Spanish B.French C.Japanese

65.The original Union consists of _____ at the time of its independence.A.13 B.50 C.48

66.The first thirteen states of the US mainly located _____ seaboard.A.the eastern B.the western C.the northern

67._____ appointed many of the colonial governors.A.The English King B.the local government

C.the local people

68.The Declaration of Independence was drafted by a committee including _____ as head.A.George Washington B.Thomas Jefferson

C.both A and B

69._____ was the British king when colonial Americans declared their independence.A.King George I B.King George III C.King George II

70.In 1945 a conference was held in _____ to found the United Nations.A.San Francisco B.Chicago C.New York

71.President Nixon visited China in _____.A.1973 B.1974 C.1972

72._____ was the only American president who was re-elected three times in succession.A.Theodore RooseveltB.George Washington

C.Franklin D.RooseveltD.Thomas Jefferson

73.The city's name “Philadelphia” means _____.A.love B.pit C.philosophy

答案： 1-5 BDBBA 6-10ABCBA 11-15AABBC 16-20CABAB 21-25AABAA 26-30BABBC 30-35AABAC 36-40ABABC 41-45CBCAA 46-50BCABA 51-55CBABC 56-60CABAC 61-65 ABACA 66-70AABBA 71-73CCA

第四篇：英美文学史

The division of the history of British literature

1,Early and medieval English Literature The Anglo-Saxon Period---Norman Conquest 449-1066 The Medieval English Period(1066-1485)

2,The Renaissance Period(1485Tudor Dynasty—1603 the death of Elizabeth)

3,The Seventeenth-century period(1063-1688)Early period literature(English Bourgeois Revolution)and Restoration literature(1066 Restoration-1688 Glorious Revolution)

4,The Eighteenth Century(1688-1798)新古典主义

5，The Romantic Period(浪漫主义时期)（1798 the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads—1832 Sir Walter Scott’s death）

6,Victorian period(1837—1901)This period roughly coincides with the reign of Queen Victoria(1827—1901)

7,Modern Period(1900---)The modern period of English literature began with the 20th century.Chapter1, the Renaissance Period(1485---1603)

Features of English renaissance literature

Humanism is the essence of the renaissance The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstream of the English renaissance The greatest achievement of renaissance literature are poetry and drama

Chaucer and The Canterbury Tales

The playwrights A.Christopher Marlowe(1564—1593)马洛 29岁 主要作品：

（1）Tamburlaine the Great(帖木儿大帝，1587)（2）Doctor Faustus(浮士德博士的悲剧)（1589）（3）The Jew of Malta(马其他岛的犹太人，1590)The Jew is the archetype of Shylock in Merchant of Venice by Shakespeare

B.William Shakespeare(1964—1616)主要作品：

The types of plays历史剧

a, Historic plays(the king Henry series)b, Comedy(merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, as you like it, a midsummer night’s dream)

四大戏剧

Portia c, Black comedies(the tempest)d, tragedy(Hamlet, King Lear，Othello, Macbeth)四大悲剧

Renaissance poetry

A, Edmund Spenser(1552—1599)The faerie queene 《仙后》

B, William Shakespeare(1564—1616)154 sonnets :十四行诗

PART2 the early seventeenth---century(1603—1660)The period of the English Bourgeois Revolution 2.1Cultural and political background 1,English revolution(the puritan revolution)Kong—parliament---civil war from 1642—1649 The Bourgeois dictatorship was established, and Cromwell(1649—1669)became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.The Parliament recalled Charles II to England in 1660.Then followed the Restoration period.----Influence on literature----Pamphlets 2,Science Galileo---推翻地心说

influence on literature---multi—valued

Poetry John Milton(约翰 弥尔顿1608—11674)主要作品：3 long narrative poems 1, paradise lost ,1667

2, paradise regained(复乐园，1671)3，Samson Agonistes(力士参孙，1671)

John Donne(1572—1631)The founder of the metaphysical school of poetry is JOHN DONNE.玄学派诗歌 主要作品：

早期：elegies and satires(挽歌与讽刺)Songs and sonnets(歌与短歌)后期：holy sonnets(圣歌集)Hymn(圣父赞美诗)

Prose John Bunyan(约翰 班扬，1628--1688)The pilgrim’s progress(天路历程)，a religious fable(characters: submissiveness柔顺、loyalty , hope)

Francis Bacon Essays “of study”论学习

Plays: John Dryden All for love : a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony and Cleopatra

Chapter 3 the eighteenth century（1688—1798）Neoclassical period(1660—1789,18th century)

1.历史背景

(1)compromise between the aristocracy and bourgeoisie---comparatively peaceful)(2)Industrial Revolution---rapid economic growth---British became the first powerful capitalist in the world

Fictions

1,Daniel Defoe(丹尼尔 笛福，1660—1731)Robinson Crusoe(1719)

2,Jonathan Swift(1667—1745)斯威夫特 Gulliver’s Travel(1726)《格利夫游记》（1）to Lilliput小人国

（2）to brobdingnag巨人国

（3）to;aputa(flying island)飞岛

脱离实际的试验（4）to the country of the Houyhnhnms慧马国

3，Henry Fielding(1707—1754)亨利 菲尔丁 Tom Jones(汤姆 琼斯，1749)Joseph Andrews(约瑟 安德鲁传，1742)

Achievements of Fielding 1,founder of the English Realistic novel 2, father of the English novel 英国小说之父

4，Richardson

Pamela Clarrisa(the first tragic novel in English literary history)

5,Laurence Sterne Tristram Shandy 项迪传

Poetry 1,Pope

Works: essay on Criticism

The Rape of the Lock

Essay on Man 2,Thomas Gray:感伤主义

从古典主义诗歌向浪漫主义诗歌过渡的最重要的英国诗人 Works: Elegy Written in a country churchyard

3,Oliver Goldsmith The deserted village:荒村

PROSE

1,Richard Steele and “the tattler”

2, Joseph Addison and the “spectator” 3,Samuel Johnson

“a dictionary of the English language”

Play: Sheridan: the most important English playwright of the 18th century The rivals;The school for scandal

THE ROMANTIC PERIOD(1798—1832)Imagination: Singularity(奇异）Simplicity: Nature: back to nature

Pre—romanticism: William Blake, Robert Burns Romanticism: Wordsworth.Coleridge Late—Romanticism: Byron, Shelly, John Keats

1,William Blake Song of innocence Songs of experience

2,Rovert burns A red red rose Auld lang syne:友谊地久天长 William Wordsworth To the cuckoo I wandered lonely as a cloud My heart leaps up The solitary reaper

Samuel Taylor Coleridge THE REIME OF THE ANCIENT MARINER LUBLA KHAN

George Gordon Byron(1788—1824)CHILDE HAROLD’S PILGRIMAGE CAIN（该隐，1821）

DON JUAN(唐 桓，1818—1823)PERCY BYSSHE SHELLY(1792—1822)ODE TO THE WEST WIND(西风颂，1819)“if the winter comes, can spring be far behind?”

John keats(1795—1821)ODE TO THE NIGHTINGALE ODE ON A GRECIAN URIN ODE TO AUTUMN

Jane Austen(简 奥斯丁，17775—1817)（1）SENSE AND SESIBILIY,1811（2）PRIDE AND PREJUDICE,1813（3）MANSFIELD PARK(曼斯菲尔德花园，1814)It reveals the amour—propre of human being

（4）PERSUASION,1918劝告

It contracts the true love and pinch pennies

（5）NORTHANGER ABBEY ,诺桑觉寺，1818 It satirizes the popular Gothic knightly lyric in the 18th century

Chapter6 the Victorian Period

English critical realism QUEEN VICTORIA(1837—1901)

Victorian literature(1)NOVEL became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought(2)Writers exposed all kinds of social evils—poverty, injustice, hypocrisy, corruption, snobbery ………

Writers such as Dickens, Thackeray, Mrs Gaskell, Ruskin, Bronte sisters showed their primary concern about the people in the primary concern about the people in the society with sympathy for the poor and the unfortunate and become the major voice of unfortunate and become the major voice of the literary would by presenting a faithful picture of the horrible capitalist England.Major writers of the period(1)Charles Dickiens(1812—1870)

主要作品： 17部小说 早期

(1)PICKWICK PAPERS(匹克威克外传，1833—1850)(2)OLIVER TWIST(雾都孤儿，1838)(3)NICHOLAS NICKLEBY(尼古拉斯，尼克尔比，1839)(4)THE OLD CURIOSITY SHOP(老古玩店，1841)(5)DAVID DOPPERFIELD(大卫科波菲尔，1850)(6)DOMBEY AND SON(董氏父子，1848)后期（1）（2）（3）（4）

BLEAK HOUSES, 荒凉山庄，1853 HARD TIME,艰难时世，1854 A TLE OF TOW CITIES, 双城记

GREAT EXPECTATIONS(远大前程，1861)(2)，William Makepeace Thackeray VALITY FAIR:名利场

The title was taken from BUNYAN’S PILGRIM’S PROGRESS MAJOR CHARACTERS Amelia sedley and Rebecca sharp

(3)，Elizabeth Gaskell, Mrs Gaskell Gaskell was one of the English writers to describe in a novel the class struggle between the workers and the capitalists in “THE HUNGRY FORTIES”

Mary Baron: contains a vivid picture of the class conflicts which prevailed at that time North and South

(3)Bronte Sisters(勃朗特姐妹)(4)

CHARLOTTE BRONTE(1816—1855)JANE EYRE(1847)

Emily Bronte(1818—1848)WUTHERING HEIGHTS(1847)CATHERINE OR CATHY MOODY HEATHCLIFF

Anne Bronte(1820—1849)

5)George Eliot 主要作品：

Scenes of clerical life(牧师生活的一瞥)Adam bede 亚当 贝德

The mill on the floss:弗洛斯河上的磨房 Middlemarch: 米德尔马契

Literay trends at the end of the century 1, neo—romanticism Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island 2,Aestheticism Oscar Wilde The picture of Dorian Gray A Woman of No importance An ideal husband The importance of being earnest 3, Naturalism Thomas Hardy,1840==1928(1)the return of the native,1878(2)the Mayor of Casterbridge,1886(3)Tess of the D’Urbervilles,1891(Tess, Angel Clare, Alec)(4)Jude the Obscure,1896

CHAPTER7

THE MODERN PERIOD The characteristics of modernism Major themes: the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.From the public to the private, from the objective to the subjective Casting away almost all the traditional elements in literature like story, plot, character, chronological narration, which are essential to realism.As a result, the works created by the modernist writers can often be labeled as anti-novel or anti-drama.1, James Joyce,1882--1941 主要作品：

Dubliners,都柏林人

A portrait of the artist as a young man ,青年艺术家的肖像 Ulysses,1992,尤利西斯

Finnegans wake 1939 费尼根们的觉醒

2,William Somerset Maugham

Of Human Bondage The Man and Sixpence

3,Josepph Conrad Lord Jim Heart of Darkness

4,E.M, FOSTER A Passage to India Howards End Aspect of the Novel

5, D.H Lawrence Sons and lovers(Oedipus complex)The rainbow Women in love Lady chatterley’s lover

6,Virginia Woolf-------stream of consciousness novels The voyage Out Mrs.Dalloway To the lighthouse Orlando A Room of one’s own

English Literature after the WWII

1,William Golding The lord of the files The inheritors

2,John Fowles The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国上尉的女人)The collector

WOMEN LITERATURE 1,Virginia Woolf 2, Doris Lessing The Grass is singing The golden notebook 3,Irish MURDOCK The black prince Under the net The unicorn

Poetry of modern Period 1,W.B.YEATS

Sailing to Byzantium When you are old No second troy

2, T.S.Eliot The love song of j.Alfred Prufrock The waste land Four quartets

3,Phlip Larkin(the movement poet)

Major playwrights of the period

A , George Bernard Shaw,1856—1950 The best dramatist since Shakespeare Promoted social reform with “drama of ideas.”

主要作品：

widowers’ house(鳏夫房产，1892)MRS.Warren’s Profession 沃伦夫人的职业，1894 Pygmalion:皮革马利翁，卖花女，窈窕淑女，my fair lady or

Samuel Beckett Waiting for Godot The theater of the Absurd

the flower girl AMERICAN LITERATUR

AREMERICAN LITERATURE

I American Puritanism ,1620---end of the 18th century

II American Romanticism(the end of 18th cutury—1861)III The Realistic period(1861—1900)IV the modern Period(1900--)V The Postmodern Period(1945---)

American Puritanism(1620—the end of 20th century)Jonathan Edward,1703—1758 Freedom and the will,1754

Benjamin Franklin 1706—1790 Poor Richard’s Almanacs 1732 The Autobiography 1788

II American Romanticism ,the end of 18th century—1861

“the American Renaissance”：美国文艺复兴

New England Transcendental Movement:新英格兰超验主义运动

这个时期的主要作家及作品： Washington Irving;华盛顿 欧文

James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851,库伯 Ralph Waldo Emerson:拉尔夫 华尔多 爱默生 Henry David Thoreau 梭罗

Nathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔 霍桑 Herman Melviile 赫尔曼 麦尔维尔

Edgar Allan Poe 艾伦 坡

Walt Whitman 华尔特 惠特曼 Emily Dickinson 迪金森

Washington Irving ,1783—1859 The father of American literature: 美国文学之父

The first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame

The legend of sleepy Hollow 断头谷 Rip Van Winkle瑞普 凡 温克尔

James Fenimore Cooper 1789—1851 The pioneers 拓荒者

The last of the Mohicans:最后的莫西干人 The Prairie: 草原

The Pathfinder 探路者 The deerslayer:猎鹿人

Ralph Waldo Emerson :拉尔夫 菲尔多 爱默生 1803--·881 主要作品：

Nature 1836 自然

The American scholar 1837 美国学者 Self-Reliance 1841 自立 The over—soul 1841 超灵

Self-trust is the first secret of success

A great man is always willing to be little

The first wealth is health

We are all wise for other people, none for himself

Henry David Thoreau 梭罗 An active transcendentalist 主要作品：

Walden:瓦尔登湖

A week on the concord and Merrimack rivers：康科德和麦里马科湖的一周 Nathaniel Hawthorne :纳撒尼尔 霍桑，1804—1864

The scarlet letter,1850 Hester Prynne Dimmesdale Pearl DR.Chilingworth

The minister’s black veil: 牧师的黑面纱

Herman Melville 1819—1891 主要作品

Peua Ahab Moby—dick

Edgar Allan Poe

Poe was father of many things, one of which is psychoanalytic criticism, the other being the detective story 诗：

Annabel Lee To Helen 短篇小说

The Fall of h HOUSE of Usher The purploined letter The golden bug

Walt Whitman:华尔特 惠特曼

American poet, journalist and essayist, best know for Leaves of Grass:草叶集，1855 The father of American Modern poetry

Leaves of Grass:草叶集，1855 Includes the following famous poes Song of Myself自我之歌

There was a child went forth 有个小孩在长大 I hear America Singing 我听见美国在唱歌

Free Verse O Captain!My captain!Our fearful trip is done The ship has weathered every rack ,the prize we sought is won, The poet is near, the bells I hear, the people all exulting

But O heart!Heart!Heart!O the bleeding drops to red

Where on the deck my captain lies Fallen cold and dead

Nothing Gold Can Stay

Nature’s first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold Her early leaf’s a flower But only so an hour Then leaf subsides to leaf So eden sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay

By Robert forst

Emily Dickinson

1775poems in her life Them : religion death love ,nature

作品：

I died for beauty---but was scarce Apparently with no surprise Tell all the truth but tell it slant Success

Success: Success is counted sweetest By those who ne’er succeed To comprehend a nectar Requires sorest need

The realistic period ,1865—1914 The American civil war ,1861—1865 Two results 1,futher industrialization mechanization, urbanization, development of transportation and communication 2,westward movement;by 1890, the last of the first 48 states were settled

这个时期的文学写作特点 1, realism现实主义 2,local color地方特色 3,naturalism自然主义

4,feminist movement:女权运动

Emily Dickinson, Harriet Beecher stowe, Sarah Orne Jewett Kate Chopin Edith Wharton Willa Cather

主要作家、作品

Mark Twain 1835—1910 Local colorism Humor Language(vernacular language)

主要作品

The celebrated jumping frog of calaveras county 1865 The innocents abroad 1869 The adventures of tom sawyer 1876 The prince and pauper 1881 Life on the Mississippi 1881 The adventures of huckleberry finn 1885(汤姆索亚历险记续集)A Connecticut yankee in king Arthur’s court 1889 The man that corrupted hadleyburg 1900 The mysterious stranger 1916

Henry James 1843—1916

Psychological realistic writer, short-story writer, playwright, critic Essayist,22novels and over 100 short stories and some critical commentaries

The creative life of Henry James can be divide into 3 distinctive periods

1,1865—1881 ,the American 1877,daisy mille 1878, The portrait of a lady,1881 These novels won hom international fame and reveal James fascination with his “international them”

Or American innocence in face of European sophistication 2.1885—1897,tales of subtle studies of interpersonal relationships

The Bostonian 1886 The tragic muse 1890

3,1895—1916 ,the summit of his art and thus the major phase: on international them ,and on people’s psychology The turn of the screw The wings of the dove The ambassadors The golden bowl Thematic concern: The international theme The meeting of American and Europe, with European decadence ,and its moral and psychological complications

Significance 1, the forefather of literature of “Stream of consciousness” 2,Point of view

William Dean Howells

The rise of Silas Laspham It is a fine specimen of American realistic writing

Thematic tern :middle class Genteel realism

Howells

middle class

genteel realism James

upper class

psychological realism Twain lower strata of

society localism

American Naturalism: pessimistic realism Naturalism: a genre of literary thoughts originated form the view of a French writer, Emile Zola

Writers: THEODORE Dreiser Stephen crane JACK LONDON THEODORE DREISER 1871—1945 作品

The financier The titan

An American tragedy The stoic

2,stepphen crane Maggie:a girl of the streets The red badge of courage Jack London The calla of the nature The sea wolf Martin eden(4)O henry The gift of the magi The cop and the anthem

Women writers Mrs stowe(harrie beebher stowe)Uncle tom’s cabin

Kate chopin The awakening A story of an hour

Willa cather My Antonia

Death comes for the archbishop

第五篇：英美文学评论（范文模版）

（六）英美文学（评论）

该方向主要研究英美文学史及各时期的文学流派，作家，作品的文体与写作风格。论文可选择做某一文学理论或作家作品的分析、评论，比较中西文学作品或作家，分析作品中的主题或人物角色。学生可以进行：

1．文学流派研究； 2．作家研究；

3．作品评论或分析； 4．文学批评理论研究；

5．中西文学作品的比较研究等。

主要参考书目包括：

1．阿尼克斯特著，载馏龄、吴志谦等译《英国文学史纲》，人民文学出版社，1980。2．艾弗·埃文斯著，蔡文显译《英国文学简史》，人民文学出版社，1984。3．陈嘉《英国文学史》（1-4卷），北京：商务印书馆，1983。4．陈嘉（编）《英国文学作品选读》（1-3卷），北京：商务印书馆，1983。5．马库斯·坎利夫著，方杰译《美国的文学》，中国对外翻译出版公司，1985。

6．Altick, Richard, and Andrew Wright.Selective Biography for the Study of English and American Literature.6th ed.New York: Macmillan, 1979.(此书专为学生编辑，是精心挑选的介绍英美文学家的资料汇编。)7．Elliott, E., ed.The Columbia History of the American Novel.New York: Columbia Press, 1991.8．Harner, James L.Literary Research Guide: A Guide to Reference Sources for the Study of Literatures in English and Related Topics.New York: MLA, 1981.9．Holman, C.Hugh, and William Harmon.A Handbook to Literature.5th ed.New York: Macmillan, 1986.(一部详细介绍文学术语和精要介绍文学运动的辞书。)10．Kuntz, Joseph M.and Nancy C.Martinez.Poetry Explication: A Checklist of Interpretation Since 1925 of British and American Poems Past and Present.Boston: Hall, 1980.11．Leary, Lewis.American Literature: A Study and Research Leary, Lewis.American Literature: A Study and Research Guide.New York: Martins Press, 1976.12．MLA International Bibliography of Books and Articles on Modern Language and Literature.New York: MLA, 1921—.(每年更新版本，是一本查阅有关文章和著作的参考资料。)13．Preminger, Ales, ed.Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poel-ics.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1975.(诠释各种诗歌技术名词和诗歌运动。)14．Richetti, J., ed.The Columbia History of the British Novel.New York: Columbia Press, 1991.15．Sampson, G.The Concise Cambridge History of English Literature.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.（五）英美文学（评论）

1.一个值得同情的复仇者--评希思克利夫被扭曲的心路历程 1.小议《红字》中红字的寓意

2.试论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默特色 3.浅析惠特曼的死亡哲学 4.英汉诗歌里的移情比较研究

5.善恶交织的心灵挣扎--透过小说《威廉·威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦·坡的善恶观 6.论《美国丽人》一片中人物的两面性 7.论海明威小说中的死亡主题

8.奏响生命的新乐章--浅析艾丽丝.沃克的《紫颜色》 9.从《苔丝》看哈代小说的悲剧意识 10.谈简·爱的叛逆性格 11.狄更斯和《圣诞颂歌》 12.哈姆雷特的悲剧人生

13.布莱克诗中反映的社会现实 14.欧·亨利短篇小说的艺术手法

15.《阿甘正传》:美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归 16.《老人与海》的象征艺术

17.迷惘的一代—海明威及其相关作品评析 18.苔丝形象的分析与悲剧命运的解读 19.《苔丝》两个中译本的异化与归化分析

20.论《简爱》与《呼啸山庄》的思想·人物·艺术 21.狄更斯《远大前程》中叙事技巧的分析 22.评《傲慢与偏见》的女性意识和艺术特色 23.论《傲慢与偏见》中幽默风格的翻译

25.文学作品中英汉恭维赞赏语比较——《茶馆》与《傲慢与偏见》