第一篇:小学英语语法-名词单复数变化规则记忆顺口溜
小学英语语法:名词
一.名词的定义:
1.名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。
如:GuangZhou,Mike,UNESCO等。
专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写,前面不加定冠词the。
普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。
如:police,eggs,rice等。
普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
个体名词:表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。
如:monkey,panda,ruler,boy等。
集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的总称。
如:family,police,class,people等。
物质名词:表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。
如:Water,air,milk等。
抽象名词:表示抽象概念词。
如:hope,love,spirit。
二.可数名词和不可数名词:
1.定义:一般来说,个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。
2.可数名词的数:可数名词有单数、复数之分,表示“一个”时用单数,a bird,a teacher,an apple,表示“多个”时用复数。two birds,five teachers,eight apples 3.可数名词复数的变化规则
口诀:名词单数变复数,直接加-s 占多数;
s, x, z, ch, sh 来结尾,直接加上-es;
词尾是 f 或 fe,加-s 之前先变 ve;
辅母 + y 在词尾,把 y 变 i 再加-es;
词尾字母若是 o,常用四个已足够,要加-es 请记好,黑人英雄吃土豆西红柿
.A、一般情况下,在单数名词的后面加-s构成。如:game-games,boy-boys等。
B、以s、x、sh、ch结尾的单数名词变复数,在词尾加-es构成。
如:box-boxes,bus-buses,peach-peaches,dish-dishes。
C、以o结尾,表示有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-es;
口诀:
黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿+es
negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes 表示没有生命的事物的单数名词变复数加-s。
例:radio—radios,piano→pianos(外来词);photo→photos;zoo-zoos,bamboo-bamboos,kimono--kimonos
D、以辅音字母加y结尾的单数名词变复数,将y改成i后再加-es。
如:factory-factories,story-stories,family-families。
E、以f或fe结尾的单数名词变复数,将f或fe改成v,然后再加-es。
口诀:树叶半数自己黄,妻子拿刀去杀牛;
架后窜出一只狼,就像小偷逃命忙。
解释:leaf(树叶)half(一半)self(自己)wife(妻子)knife(刀子)
calf(小牛)shelf(架子)wolf(狼)thief(小偷)life(生命)
但是,也有例外。在这些词中,由单数变复数时,直接在词尾加-s构成,口诀:海湾农奴信酋长,悬崖证据上顶房
即:海湾(gulfserfs)信(belief-beliefs)酋长(chiefproofs)上顶房(即房顶、屋顶 roof-roofs)F、名词单数变复数,除了有规则可循的变化之外,还有一部分的变化是不规则的,我们将这部分名词的变化叫做不规则变化。
口诀:男人女人 a 变 e,大鹅足牙 oo 变 ee;
男人(man → men,)女人(woman → women),大鹅(goose → geese,)足(foot → feet), 牙(tooth → teeth)老鼠虱婆也好记,ous 变 ic 老鼠mouse → mice, 虱子 louse→lice 公牛加en孩子加上 ren
公牛(ox→
oxen),孩子(child → children,);
。人民警察来聚会,鱼鹿牛羊不用变
People,police,fish,deer, cattle,sheep,表示民族的名词顺口溜
口诀:“中、日、瑞”友好不变;
“英、法”联盟a变e;
其他一律加s。
解释:Chinese,Japanese,Swiss单复数同形;
Englishman,Frenchman的复数为Englishmen,Frenchmen;
其他像German,American,Australian等的复数形式是在后面加“s” 4.不可数名词量的表示
不可数名词没有单数、复数之分,但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词量,我们于是采用这种方法:
a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词,如:a cup of tea,a box of milk,a piece of paper等。
如果为了表示多个的概念,我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。
如:a cup of tea---3 cups of tea,a box of milk---12 boxes of milk,A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper
三.名词所有格
1.表示人或物所属关系时,我们就需要使用名词所有格。
如:“奶奶的房子”表示为“grandma's house”。
2.名词所有格的构成有以下规则:
A、一般情况下,在名词的末尾加“'s”构成。
如:Mike's bike迈克的自行车,Tom's books汤姆的书.B、以s结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加“’”
如:my parents' car我父母的车,our teachers' books我们老师的书。
C、表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。
如:Jenny and Joan's bedroom詹妮和琼共同拥有的卧室;
但如果是分别拥有的东西就要在每个名字上加所有格.如: Tim's and Jack's toy cars提姆和杰的玩具车。
D、名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时,有的习惯上可以省去不用。
如:The doctor's(office)医生诊所;my uncle's(house)我叔叔的家;The barber's(shop)理发店。
口诀:所有格后加“'s”,前面已有S只加“’”
几人共有加最后
E、没有生命的东西的所有格,我们通常用“of+名词”的方式来表示。
如:The window of the classroom教室的窗户;the capital of China中国的首都;The weather of ShangHai上海的天气.
第二篇:名词单复数变化
名词的单复数形式变化
一、最常见的就是直接在名词后面+s Boy—boys(男孩)cat—cats(猫)room—rooms(房间)horse—horses(马)tree—trees(树)rose—roses(玫瑰)
二、如果名词是以x、s、sh、ch结尾的,在名词后面+es Branch—branches(树枝)match—matches(火柴)fox—foxes(狐狸)class—classes(班级)bus—buses(公交车)Box—boxes(箱子)watch—watches(手表)dish—dishes(盘子)coach—coaches(车厢)couch—couches(沙发)
三、如果名词是以辅音加y结尾的,要变y为i加es;如果不是以辅音结尾的,就直接在y后面加上s Family—families(家庭)study—studies(学习)party—parties(派对)baby—babies(宝贝)city—cities(城市)
Boy—boys(男孩)toy—toys(玩具)way—ways(方法、路)monkey—monkeys(猴子)key—keys(钥匙)
四、当名词是以fe或f结尾的,要变fe或f为v,再加es;有的直接加s Thief—thieves(小偷)shelf—shelves(书架)leaf—leaves(树叶)half—halves(一半)Wolf—wolves(狼)life—lives(生活、生命)wife—wives(妻子)knife—knives(刀)Roof—roofs(房顶)belief—beliefs(信念)proof—proofs(证据)
五、当名词是以o结尾有生命的加es,没有生命的加s Potato—potatoes(土豆)tomato—tomatoes(西红柿)
hero—heroes(英雄)Photo—photos(相片)zoo—zoos(动物园)radio—radios(广播)piano—pianos(钢琴)
六、名词复数不规则变化
Child—children(小孩)mouse—mice(老鼠)man—men(男人)woman—women(女人)German—Germans(德国人)
Englishman—Englishmen(英国人)Frenchman---frenchmen(法国人)foot—feet(足,脚)tooth—teeth(牙齿)1)单复数同形
Deer—deer(鹿)fish—fish(鱼)Chinese—Chinese(中国人)Japanese—Japanese(日本人)2)集体名词,名词以单数的形式出现,但是实际上是指的复数 People(人们)police(警察)public(公众)
第三篇:名词复数变化顺口溜
名词复数变化顺口溜
可数名词的复数变化规律[1]:
名词复数有规律,一般词尾加s;
辅音字母+y型,变y为i,es;
ch,sh真有趣,s,x,es;
f,fe真小气,字母v来把它替,es在后别忘记;
字母o来真神奇,有生命来es,没有生命+s.可数名词复数特殊变化规律[2]:
中日好友来聚会,绵羊、鹿、鱼把家回。
男士、女士a变e;
牙(齿)、脚双o变双e;
孩子们想去天安门,原形后面r、e、n;
老鼠本来爱大米,mice,ice和rice.注:中Chinese,日Japanese,好友people.绵羊sheep,鹿deer,鱼fish(这些单词单复数一样)
man--men woman--women
tooth--teeth foot--feet
child--children mouse--mice
第四篇:小学英语语法-名词复数
小学英语语法名词的复数
一、名词分可数名词和不可数名词。
1、可数名词(可数),如:book ,dog ,apple ,school 等。可数名词有复数。如: books ,dogs ,apples ,schools.2、不可数名词(不可数),如:water ,milk , meat等。不可数名词没有复数,通常通过量词来修饰。如:a cup of water ,a bottleof milk ,a plate of meat.这里我们重点说可数名词的复数。
二、可数名词的复数。
1.一般情况下,结尾直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds。
2.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ,match-matches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries.4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-kniveswolf-wolvesleaf-leaveslife-livesthief-thieves
5.不规则可数名词的复数。
man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, child-children
policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,foot-feet,Japanese-Japanese tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese,
第五篇:名词单复数的讲解-小学英语语法
小学英语语法集训之一: 第一课 名词
I.名词分类:可数名词 不可数名词
1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)
例如:drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词单数前面加不定冠词a(an),表示一个,有复数形式,表示复数概念,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式 many“很多”+可数名词复数
much“很多”/a little “一点”+不可数名词 some, any , a lot of(lots of)两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰
不可数名词表示数量时需要用 数词 +量词 +of + 名词 对可数名词的数量提问用how many
对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much
4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:
1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
例:There is much water in the bottle.I'll tell you much good news.we should collect some useful information.2)用单位词表示。用a...of 表示。
如 a cup of(一杯......),a bottle of(一瓶......)
a piece of(一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)
注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。如two hundred students(200名学生)
ten thousand trees(10000棵树)
考点He caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish)
5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。1)单数
如a desk(一张桌子)
an old desk(一张旧书桌)
2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式 规则变化
1)一般情况下加-s
如book—books, desk—desks, cat-cats, bed-beds 2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es 如box—boxes, bus—buses, brush-brushes, watch-watches 注意①以th结尾加-s, month--months ②stomach--stomachs
3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加-es。
如city--cities(城市)country--countries(国家)
注意以元音+y,直接加s。如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或fe为v再加-es 如knife-knives(书), half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs(屋顶)5)以o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es 如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)
(2)元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s
如piano-pianos(钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos(照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化
1)元音字母发变化。
如man--men(男人),woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿),foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠),policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2)词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩),ox--oxen(公牛)3)单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼),sheep--sheep(绵羊),deer--deer(鹿),Chinese--Chinese(中国人),yuan--yuan(元),jinn--jinn(斤)
注意不说an English,要说an Englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。4)形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police
(不说a police,可说a policeman)
5)由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors(女医生)
6)合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)
注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。如: grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes(信箱)
注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?
we bought a lot of fruit from the market.我们从市场上买了许多水果,china has some good frits.中国有一些好的水果。(指种类)she has a few white hairs.她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white.他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7)有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子);shorts(短裤);jeans(工装裤);scales(天平), sunglasses(太阳镜);名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意German不是复合词,它的复数是Germans。练习:
一. 写出下列名词的复数形式
1.this ______ 2.watch______ 3.child ______ 4.photo ______ 5.diary ______ 6.day ______ 7.foot ______ 8.dress ______ 9.tooth ______
10.sheep ______ 11.box ______ 12.peach______ 13.sandwich ______ 14.man ______ 15.woman ______ 16.city ______ 17.zoo ______ 18.country ______ 19.mouse ______ 20.car ______ 21.fox ______ 22.tree ______ 23.horse ______ 24.bus ______ 25.leaf ______ 26.life ______ 27.thief ______ 28.book ______ 二. 按要求填入单词的适当形式
1.Two ______ live in this building.(family)2.Look at those _______.(child)3.I can see a ______ standing near the door.(policeman)4.There are some ______ on the table.(glass)5.Would you like some ______?(bread)6.I have two ______.(sister)7.I like ______.(cat)8.Do you want some ______ for supper?(potato)9.He has two ______.One is old, the other is new.(watch)10.In autumn, you can see a lot of ______ on the ground.(leaf)11.I have two _______.(knife)12.There are two ______ in the zoo.(fox)13.There are many ______ on the road.(bike)14.A few _____ are drawing on the wall.(child)15.The _____ are playing football now.(student)16.Please take two ______ for me.(photo)17.I like the red _______.(tomato)18.Would you please clean your ______ now?(tooth)19.Do you want some ______?(milk)20.There are ten ______ ______ in our school.(English teacher)三. 选择下列正确的单词或词组。
1.Do you drink much(milk, milks)? 2.I visited(Tom, Tom’s)house yesterday.3.He had two(cup, cups)of tea.4.This is(Tom and Mary’s, Tom’s and Mary’s)house.5.Give me a(piece of, X)paper, please.6.I don’t want(a, an)old cap.7.Look at those(sheep, sheeps).8.There are 36(boys, boies)in my class.9.How many(radioes, radios)can you see? 10.That bag is my(father’s, father’s bag).四. 将下列句子变成复数形式。
1.This is a knife.________________________________ 2.That is a tomato.__________________________________ 3.That child is very lovely._______________________________ 4.An Englishman stood there.______________________________ 五.写出下列名词和词组的所有格 1.a sister ______________________ 2.a boy ___________ 3.today _______ 4.a baby _______ 5.a camel ______ 6.men _______ 7.birds _______ 8.two days _______ 9.John and Mary(两人共有的)_______ 10.John and Mary(两人各自所有的)_________________ 六.选择
1.The _____ in near our house are very beautiful.A.cloth B.water C.flowers 2.Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.A.boy B.toys C.boies 3.A cat has four _____, doesn’t it? A.foots B.feet C.feets 4.There are three _____ and five _____ in the room.A.American, Japanese B.Americans, Japanese C.American, Japanese 5.Can you see nine _____ in the picture? A.fish B.books C.horse 6.The _____ has two _____.A.boy;watch B.boy;watches C.boys;watch 7.The _____ are flying back to their country.A.Germany B.Germanys C.Germans 8.The girl brushes her _____ every day before he goes to bed.A.tooths B.teeth C.teeths 9.I saw many ______ in the street.A.peoples B.people C.people’s 10.The green shirt is his _____.A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s 11.They come from different _____.A.country B.countries C.a country D.countrys 12.How many _____ do you see in the picture? A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato 13.They are _____.A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher 14.Would you like _____, please?
A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters 15.There are some _____ in these _____.A.knifes pencil-boxes B.knives pencils-box C.knives pencil-box D.knives pencils-boxes 16._____ you _____ by air.A.Greens, travelling B.The Green, traveling C.The Greens, travel D.The Greens, traveling 17.I wonder why ____ are interested in action films.A.the people B.people C.peoples D.the peoples 18.There is no _____ in the plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs 19.My uncle has three _____.A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens 七.用’s或s’替换下列词组 1.the leg of the boy _______________ 2.the key of the girl _____________________ 3.the tail of the cat __________________ 4.the friend of my father’s ________________ 5.the toys of the boy _______________________ 6.the songs of the birds _______________________ 7.The servants of the queen _______________________ 8.the shirts of the men _____________________________ 9.the violin of the girl __________________________ 10.the pen of John _____________________________