(全英文论文)英语电影片名的翻译功能对等理论

第一篇：(全英文论文)英语电影片名的翻译功能对等理论

本科生毕业设计（论文）封面

（2015 届）

论文（设计）题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师（职称）论 文 字 数 论文完成时间

大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(100个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。

二、原创论文参考题目 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 英语电影片名的翻译

探讨诗词中数词翻译的策略

在英语教学中激发大学生的学习动机

图式理论在初中英语阅读教学中的运用--个案分析

英语习语中的修辞现象

从“目的论”看国外汽车商标的翻译

英汉经济报道标题中的隐喻研究 简析诚信在对外贸易中的作用

论白鲸中的象征要素 英汉连词“and”的翻译 对边疆地区高中生英语学习观念的调查与分析—XX中学为例初三英语写作中常见的错误分析—XX中学为例演讲体裁中态度取向的元语言功能探析 非英语专业新生英语阅读策略调查霍尔顿的反叛论翻译中风格的对等 影响英语口语交际能力的因素及对策 归化和异化在政治文本英译里的运用十七大报告翻译为例浅析英语颜色词的语义特征中美公益广告语中的文化差别人际隐喻在商业广告中的作用分析从Salsa舞解析墨西哥人的性格任务型教学法在高中英语阅读中的应用 简爱与苔丝的对比研究 独立学院英语专业学生学习倦怠现象调查与分析合作原则视角下的外贸函电翻译 解读瓦尔登湖的生态思想 直译与意译的对比研究—对四字成语英译的分析浅析广告语及其汉译低调陈述的表现方法及其翻译

注意力经济中的快速消费品广告语言特征

影响民办院校英语专业学生听力理解因素的研究

论跨文化教育在英语教学中的运用

XX中学初三英语词汇学习策略研究

南方传统价值观摧毁的一朵玫瑰—艾米丽.格里尔生

查莉的成长日记中言语幽默的解读--基于合作原则的研究_英语

从目的论角度看英语电影片名的翻译

广告英语中合成词的语义理据分析

论小组活动在XX中学初一英语课堂中的应用

红字中海丝特对自然人利益的追求

换位思考在商务信函中坏消息的运用及建议

从目的论的角度分析英语电影片名的翻译

玛格丽特•劳伦斯潜鸟中的潜鸟的象征意蕴

浅析小学生英语课堂学习焦虑现状

论网络英语广告的语言特征

分析肢体语言的交际功能

由餐桌礼仪看中美文化差异

从中西餐的差异透视中西方传统文化根源差异

英语专业学生中国文化英语表达能力调查研究 50 论英语诗歌中的隐喻--艾米丽狄金森的诗歌为例

关于“美国梦”和了不起的盖茨比

D.H.劳伦斯一个局外人的一生

合作学习在高中英语阅读课中的应用

从公共场所文化翻译看北京城市品牌建设

论朗读作为词汇记忆方法的实证研究

中国学生学习英语语音的影响因素及可选策略

喜福会中女儿们的生存状况分析 58 解析宠儿的象征意义

英汉语言中动物习语的翻译策略

中学生英语课堂沉默现象的调查研究--XX中学的学生为例

汉英句法差异及翻译策略

小学英语教学中的启发式教学

读约翰•邓恩的告别词 莫伤悲--奇喻中的爱情

浅析喧哗与骚动中的女性形象

中美两国电视新闻报道灾难的文体特征差异

了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义

XX中学生英语学习动机分析及对策研究

论英汉语言文化中礼貌原则的差异性

女大学生在人际冲突情境中的面子行为及应对模式

学生自主性学习与成绩的相关性研究

论双语教学在我国初中推广的不可行性

关联理论视角下诗经中叠词的英译

哈克贝利.芬历险记中的黑色幽默

试谈旅游景点翻译

格列佛游记中的精湛讽刺艺术及对20世纪初作家的影响

英汉数词的文化对比及其翻译

论电影阿甘正传中的象征意义

雾都孤儿的社会意义

中美家庭价值观的跨文化对比与研究

少数民族地区农村中学英语课堂师生互动情况的调查与分析

英汉习语的文化差异及翻译

浅析献给艾米丽的玫瑰

艾米莉.狄金森和西尔维亚.普拉斯死亡诗歌比较

英语委婉语在日常生活中的运用

解析呼啸山庄中希斯克利夫的心路历程

棺材里开出的人性之花

“信、达、切”视角下傲慢与偏见两个中译本的比较

浅谈背诵在高中英语写作中的优化作用

浅析我国中小企业电子商务现状与对策

新课标下的小学英语第二课堂

大学生英语阅读速度的主要障碍及其解决方法

体态语在中学英语词汇教学中的应用

从目的论角度看指示性公示语翻译

商标翻译中归化与异化的合理运用

从目的论角度分析生活大爆炸的字幕翻译

从“啃老”现象看80后啃老族的生活态度

简析了不起的盖茨比中的三位女性代表

纯真年代中女性人物的神话原型

非智力因素对男女学生英语学习影响的调查与分析

从功能翻译理论谈中国特色政治词汇的翻译

第二篇：(全英文论文)功能对等理论视角下的商标翻译

本科生毕业设计（论文）封面

（2015 届）

论文（设计）题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师（职称）论 文 字 数 论文完成时间

大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。

二、原创论文参考题目

谈扩大非英语专业学生英语词汇的学习策略--猜词法

D.H.劳伦斯一个局外人的一生

企业推介材料的中译英技巧家具产品介绍为例

模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究

中国英语学习者的英语礼貌语语用失误

霍译本红楼梦中人名翻译研究

美剧中“假意真情”家庭话语冲突的语用分析

浅析奥运对我国体育产业发展的影响

基于英汉拟声词的象似性研究

论看不见的人中的自我追寻

多媒体网络教学环境下非英语专业学生英语学习培养

中国的人际关系文化和美国的独立自主文化

呼啸山庄中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因

从流浪汉小说角度解读雨王汉德森

谈认知诗学方法对英美文学诗歌的解读

中英色彩文化的研究

从萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说看中英谚语的文化竟象

交际法在初中英语语法教学中的应用

主人公霍尔顿的自我探寻麦田里的守望者

全球化背景下的中国英语研究

英语专业学生在美国短期工作学习效果对比分析研究

英语新词的特点与翻译

傲慢与偏见鉴赏

长恨歌英译本意境的对比研究

电影片名的翻译研究

英汉称谓语中的性别歧视

初中英语课堂上的师生互动

从心理学角度探讨少儿英语教学

雾都孤儿中南希的形象分析

弗洛伊德“三我说”理论看蝇王的人性观

盖茨比和迪克的美国梦破灭的原因--伟大的盖茨比、夜色温柔

初中英语口语课堂活动设计

电影片名的翻译原则

英汉化妆品名称对比及翻译

从关联理论谈口译中的语境适应策略

目的论视角下的交通公示语翻译—以某市交通公示语为例

英语广告的语言特点和汉译技巧

论中国化网络英语

英语广告语的语用预设

浅谈高中生口语交际能力的培养

浅析故事教学法对XX中学初一学生英语学习的影响

绝望主妇中英语委婉语的应用

英语口语和书面语的差异与英语教学

影响小学初中英语教学衔接的因素及对策

中国和英国餐桌流程礼仪文化对比

英语广播新闻与报纸新闻的文体比较

浅析美国电影中的中国元素

汉语兼语句英译研究

翻译理论中异化译法与归化译法研究

直译与意译的对比研究—对四字成语英译的分析

推销员之死中的家庭问题研究

中学英语教学中学生注意力的培养

优秀小学英语教师课堂词汇互动教学的运用分析

分析了不起的盖茨比黛西物化的原因

论初中英语教学中的课堂导入

普通高中学生的英语学习动机研究XX中学为例

探索E.B.怀特的夏洛的网

评当幸福来敲门中主人公的成功之道

英语新闻标题的语言特点及翻译

突显原则与中国古诗意境“愁思”的英译

推销员之死中威利•洛曼的悲剧命运成因分析

借鉴美国的慈善文化探讨我国慈善事业的发展

初三英语写作中常见的错误分析—XX中学为例

研究中西节日文化的差异

高中英语教学中基于跨文化意识的交际能力培养的研究

简爱的婚姻对当代人的启示

自由的悲歌--读凯特•肖邦的一小时的故事

浅析来自敌人天空中的风中不同文化背景中的两个人物

从颜色词看英汉文化差异

从输出原理探讨非英专业英语口语活动的设计

鲁滨逊漂流记的写作风格

外资银行在华发展现状与影响及国有商业银行的对策

英语商务合同中词语翻译的准确性

我校英语专业学生对英语隐喻的认知情况研究 了不起的盖茨比中的象征主义

礼貌原则在商务英语信函写作中的应用

分析了不起的盖茨比美国梦”破灭的深层原因

初中英语口语传统大班教学与外教小班教学效果差异对比研究

浅析长腿叔叔一书中茱蒂的成功

初中学生英语课堂焦虑调查—XX中学初三年级为例

解读献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰花中“玫瑰”的象征意义

汉语广告语中的性别歧视分析

商务英语信函中的语用礼貌失误

紫颜色中的象征

英汉禁忌语比较

论小说喜福会中的中美文化冲突

爱伦坡的黑猫解读

故事教学法在小学英语中的应用

哈克贝利•费恩历险记中密西西比河和哈克的象征意义

浅析第二语言习得过程中的动机缺乏及其解决方案

浅析恋爱中的女人的女性意识

英汉委婉语及其文化色彩对比研究

道连.格雷的画像中亨利的人物形象分析

弗洛伊德人格结构理论角度看美国的悲剧公克莱德悲剧命运

高中生英语阅读焦虑调查与分析--XX高中为例

从文化角度看习语翻译

如何运用情景教学法进行初中英语词汇教学的探讨

英汉语言中红色联想意义的比较

圣经中成功的信仰

英语课堂焦虑对小学生英语学习的影响及解决策略

被遗弃的韦瑟罗尔奶奶中爱伦.韦瑟罗尔的性格分析

浅析花在儿子与情人中的象征意义

论语言学习风格中的性别差异

从美国刑侦剧犯罪现场调查看讯问过程中合作原则的违反

木兰形象从木兰辞到迪士尼动画木兰的改变

英语语音教学在农村中学中的现状分析--XX中学为例

初中英语教学情景创设与应用

试析中餐菜名的英译技巧—以特色粤菜为例

浅谈功能对等原则在电影英语翻译中的应用

扭曲的物化社会 —嘉莉妹妹的悲剧解读

英语政治新闻中的委婉语及翻译

分析呼啸山庄人物的人性特点

经济英语新闻的隐喻及其翻译

从英文商业广告常用修辞手法研究AIDMA广告理论的运用

了不起的盖茨比中美国梦的破灭

哥特元素在宠儿中的运用

词汇教学游戏在XX中学七年级学生中应用的效果英语教育

英汉动物习语文化差异的原因分析

我国学前儿童英语教育

虹中的女性婚姻观浅析

英语专业学生词汇附带习得

功能派理论下的英汉广告翻译

中英颜色词的文化内涵差异

海明威笔下的另类英雄艾略特夫妇和雨中的猫中的男性形象

小王子中儿童与成人的价值观差异

不可译性问题的可行性个例研究

浅析哈尼族学生英语学习中的语言迁移及其影响

外语词汇磨蚀及对外语教学的启示

委婉语的时代性

谚语翻译的归化与异化

王尔德对童话人物的塑造—以忠实的朋友为例

论商务谈判中文化差异的影响

英汉禁忌语对比

韶关景点英译名的探讨

中国自主品牌汽车企业出口现状的分析以及对策

从心理学角度分析廊桥遗梦中的女主人公

傲慢与偏见与简爱中的婚姻观的对比分析

Santiago的精神世界--老人与海赏析

汉英旅游资料对比研究

分析说话者行为在格赖斯会话原则中的体现

礼仪在商务谈判中的意义与相关策略

运用夸张手法激发小学生学习英语兴趣

汉语公示语的英译

数字的文化内涵及数字的翻译

旅游文本翻译中的文化元素的处理

呼啸山庄中凯瑟琳自我矛盾的爱

英语动物习语的文化内涵及翻译方法

要约邀请的法律效力

野性的呼唤中的生态主义批评

少儿英语课堂教师语码转换现象之调查研究

英语歌曲名称汉译研究

在教学中如何减少中西方文化差异对英语阅读理解的影响

哈克贝利.芬历险记中哈克的人物塑造

对2012年中国外贸出现“双降”的分析及对策

家族相似性对介词教学的研究

英语多义词的翻译

研究美国政府枪支管制及枪支暴力对美国社会产生的影响

傲慢与偏见中婚姻观剖析

我的安东尼亚的生态女性主义解读

高中生英语课堂沉默现象原因分析及解决对策—XX中学为例

自我修正在英语本族语者的学术讨论中的使用研究

XX市高考英语自主命题卷单项选择题历时分析与研究2004-2012

英汉亲属称谓语差异探因及其翻译

英语单位名词研究-牛津高阶英汉双解词典-第六版为例

食品商标翻译中的文化体现

推断对阅读理解的作用

解析美剧绝望主妇中委婉语的交际功能

多媒体辅助初中英语教学对教学效果的影响研究

网络环境下汉语语言对英语语言的吸收与融合机制研究

中西方节日文化差异研究

中国红色旅游解说词翻译中跨文化视角的融入

分析简•爱评价女性文学的特征

从傲慢与偏见和理智与情感探索简奥斯丁实用爱情观

初中英语教师课堂指令语的调查研究

CBA世界化之路

从自私基因论分析伊索寓言的寓意

跨文化交际中的手指文化

从互文性角度研究中国政治新闻新词的英译策略

浅析词汇衔接理论在商务合同中的功能

论中美广告伦理观的差异

小说爱玛中爱玛的心理成长

浅析献给艾米丽的玫瑰

从中美送礼习俗分析两国文化价值观的差异

从老人与海的象征艺术看海明威的人生哲学

词缀对英语词汇记忆的影响

论英语语言中的性别歧视

功能对等视角下红楼梦中亲属称谓词的翻译 多媒体在中学英语听力中的运用

许渊冲长恨歌英译版本评析

合作原则在外交委婉语中的应用

日常英语中委婉语的避讳功能

直译与译借在中国英语中的应用对比

动物习语的修辞手法及联想意义

对电影泰坦尼克号对白的会话合作原则分析

评论家关于夏洛克的价值观及评价

大学生自主学习能力的调查研究

英汉恭维语的差异

白牙的生态伦理解读

英语广告的语言特点和翻译

第三篇：(全英文论文)从功能翻译理论看功夫熊猫电影字幕翻译

本科生毕业设计（论文）封面

（2016 届）

论文（设计）题目 作 者 学 院、专 业 班 级 指导教师（职称）论 文 字 数 论文完成时间

大学教务处制

英语原创毕业论文参考选题(200个)

一、论文说明

本写作团队致力于英语毕业论文写作与辅导服务，精通前沿理论研究、仿真编程、数据图表制作，专业本科论文3000起，具体可以联系qq 805990749。下列所写题目均可写作。部分题目已经写好原创。

二、原创论文参考题目

1、(英语毕业论文)Western and Chinese Marriage Differences in Cross-cultural Communication

2、(英语毕业论文)从跨文化交际中的语用失误看中西文化差异（开题报告+论文）

3、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

4、(英语毕业论文)从玛氏公司看英美文化对广告的影响

5、(英语毕业论文)从对照艺术看《羊脂球》的人物形象塑造

6、(英语毕业论文)论《杀死一只知更鸟》中的象征

7、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我

8、(英语毕业论文)美剧字幕中的译者主体性——以美剧Gossip Girl第一季为例（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

9、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我10、11、12、13、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)论《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公对真爱的追求(英语毕业论文)从文化差异角度谈国际商务谈判中的语言技巧

(英语毕业论文)顺应论视角中电影字幕汉英翻译研究——以李安电影作品字幕翻译为例（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）14、15、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)On Symbolism in D.H.Lawrence’s The Rainbow（开题报告+论文+文献综述）16、17、18、19、(英语毕业论文)文学再创作的范例—《简•爱》的汉译本

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)合作原则视角下探析广告语篇中省略的会话含意(英语毕业论文)论《西风颂》背后的精神力量20、21、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Beauty and Ugliness in The Picture of Dorian Gray of Oscar Wilde（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

22、述）23、24、(英语毕业论文)中西方丧葬文化的对比研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)女性的自我迷失与回归—从女性主义视角解读《蒂凡尼的早(英语毕业论文)社会因素对汉语中英语外来词的影响（开题报告+论文+文献综餐》(开题报告+论文)25、26、27、28、29、30、31、32、33、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)论《达芬奇密码》中的基督教元素（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)应酬语的中英文比较

(英语毕业论文)《愤怒的葡萄》主人公性格分析

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)图式理论在英语阅读教学中的应用研究(英语毕业论文)从《鲁滨逊漂流记》看选择对命运的决定作用(英语毕业论文)从女性主义解读《芒果街上的小屋》

(英语毕业论文)论奥斯卡•王尔德的矛盾性——从传记角度解读《奥斯卡•王尔德童话集》（开题报告+论）

34、(英语毕业论文)英汉工具类名转动词实时构建的整合分析－－基于网络论坛语料（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）35、36、37、38、39、40、41、42、43、44、(英语毕业论文)《名利场》中的女主人公性格分析(英语毕业论文)中英礼貌用语差异

(英语毕业论文)中国文化特色词的英译——以《阿Q正传》的两个译本为例(英语毕业论文)《紫色》中“家”的解读（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)解析《丽姬娅》中的哥特美学(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)分析埃里森《隐形人》中美国的种族歧视(英语毕业论文)李安电影中的文化融合现象(英语毕业论文)从女性主义视角看幽默翻译

(英语毕业论文)The Narrative Strategies of O.Henry’s Short Stories（开题报告+

论文+文献综述）

45、综述）46、47、48、49、50、51、(英语毕业论文)关于英语课堂中教师体态语的研究(英语毕业论文)《夜莺颂》的翻译技巧探究

(英语毕业论文)黑人英语克里奥起源论（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)企业行为管理的共同价值观浅析

(英语毕业论文)论童话《小王子》的象征创作（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)The Application of Free Association in Literature Creation—(英语毕业论文)外语学习焦虑与口语成绩的相关性研究（开题报告+论文+文献Artistic Styles Presented in Mrs.Dalloway52、53、54、(英语毕业论文)言语行为理论视角下的商务索赔信函话语分析(英语毕业论文)Study on the Basic Principles of Legal English Translation(英语毕业论文)追求自然和谐的童真理想—解析凯瑟琳•曼斯菲尔德短篇小说中的儿童形象55、56、57、58、59、60、+论文)61、62、献综述）63、64、65、66、(英语毕业论文)英语环境的营造对中学生英语学习的影响(英语毕业论文)从自私基因论分析《伊索寓言》的寓意

(英语毕业论文)CBI理论诠释及在英语教学中的应用（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)寂静的声音——《送菜升降机》中的沉默（开题报告+论文+文(英语毕业论文)美国俚语的社会文化特征

(英语毕业论文)《杀死一只知更鸟》中主人公的成长危机（开题报告+论文+文(英语毕业论文)从文化差异视角论旅游文本翻译中的词汇空缺(英语毕业论文)《当幸福来敲门》之美国文化价值观分析(英语毕业论文)简与林黛玉性格及命运对比

(英语毕业论文)论《拉合尔茶馆的陌生人》中昌盖茨“美国梦”的转变(英语毕业论文)浅析卡夫卡小说中的荒诞意识（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)《夜访吸血鬼》中克劳迪娅这一人物的悲剧命运分析(开题报告献综述+外文翻译）

67、(英语毕业论文)从童话看中西方儿童教育的差异（开题报告+论文）68、69、(英语毕业论文)中英文动物俗语的感情差异研究－－以“狗”为例

(英语毕业论文)米字旗下的荣耀与忐忑——论维多利亚时代英国人的社会价值观(开题报告+论文)70、71、72、献综述）73、74、(英语毕业论文)中西方酒文化对比分析

(英语毕业论文)迷失的童年——从成长小说的角度解读伊恩•麦克尤恩的《蝴(英语毕业论文)身势语在英语教学中的运用(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)小学英语学习策略及研究

(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Racism in Of Mice and Men（开题报告+论文+文蝶》（开题报告+论文+文献综述）75、76、77、78、79、80、81、文献综述）82、83、84、85、86、87、88、89、90、述）91、92、(英语毕业论文)金融英语词汇特点及其翻译策略(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)On the C-E Translation of Public Signs（开题报告+论文+文献综(英语毕业论文)盖茨比的人物形象分析（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)目的论视角下新闻标题汉译英研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)浅谈《当幸福来敲门》中的美国个人主义(英语毕业论文)试析美国女性政治家希拉里•克林顿的成功因素(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)从《生活大爆炸》中看中西幽默的差异(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)浅析英语新闻标题特点及其翻译技巧

(英语毕业论文)《美国悲剧》中的对比手法运用研究（开题报告+论文+文献综(英语毕业论文)从爱伦·坡《黑猫》探讨人性的善良与邪恶(英语毕业论文)英汉动物习语的对比研究(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)简•奥斯丁的婚姻观在《傲慢与偏见》中的体现

(英语毕业论文)自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)中美面子观比较及其对商务谈判策略的启示（开题报告+论文+

述）93、94、95、96、97、98、99、100、论文）101、102、Fair 103、104、105、社会病态106、107、(英语毕业论文)电影《纳尼亚传奇》中的圣经意象(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)从《认真的重要性》中的布雷克耐尔夫人看维多利亚时代贵族(英语毕业论文)论中英思维方式差异对主语翻译的影响

(英语毕业论文)目的论视角下公益广告的翻译（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)试析美国社会的道德恐慌——从麦田守望者的主人公看美国(英语毕业论文)分析托马斯•哈代对西奥多•德莱塞的文学影响

(英语毕业论文)Thackeray’s Ambivalent Attitude towards the Women in Vanity(英语毕业论文)《双城记》中的象征手法分析

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)斯嘉丽：独特的新女性

(英语毕业论文)《蝴蝶梦》中的女性成长主题研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)女性主义视角下《大地》的解读（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)不一样的颤栗—东西方恐怖片的比较

(英语毕业论文)《哈姆雷特》与《夜宴》中人物塑造的比较研究（开题报告+女性特点（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

108、(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Tess’s Tragic Fate and the Realization of Hardy’s Fatalism（开题报告+论文+文献综述）109、110、111、文献综述）112、113、114、115、(英语毕业论文)美国牛仔形象演变和西部电影发展的研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)音意兼译—外来词中译之首选法（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)从《雾都孤儿》看查尔斯•狄更斯的善恶观（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)跨文化交际中的社交语用失误及其对英语教学的启示（开题报(英语毕业论文)A Cross-Cultural Study on Linguistic Taboo(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)在归隐中相遇—论梭罗与陶渊明的诗意人生（开题报告+论文+

告+论文+文献综述）

116、(英语毕业论文)论《苔丝》中女性意识与社会现实之间的冲突（开题报告+论文+文献综述）117、118、119、(英语毕业论文)The Analysis of Promotion Strategy of L’Oréal in China(英语毕业论文)英汉鸟类词汇文化内涵比较（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)问题类型对TEM阅读成绩影响的实证研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

120、文献综述）

121、文）122、123、(英语毕业论文)浅析《贫民窟的百万富翁》中的宿命论色彩

(英语毕业论文)从社会符号学角度浅谈汉语“一”字成语翻译（开题报告+论(英语毕业论文)对抗还是和谐——论《白鲸》人与自然的关系（开题报告+论(英语毕业论文)中外英语教师的优劣势比较：从中学生视角（开题报告+论文+文+文献综述+外文翻译）

124、(英语毕业论文)论田纳西•威廉斯戏剧中的象征主义手法—以《玻璃动物园》为例(开题报告+论文)125、126、127、128、Singing 129、(英语毕业论文)超越和世俗——对《月亮和六便士》中Strickland和Stroeve的(英语毕业论文)论《呼啸山庄》中希斯克里夫性格的双重性

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中阶级面面观

(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of the Tragic Fate of Mary Turner in The Grass Is 对比分析（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

130、文）

131、(英语毕业论文)Analysis on the Picaresque Elements in The Adventures of(英语毕业论文)中国文学作品中的歇后语的英译-以红楼梦为例（开题报告+论Huckleberry Finn 132、133、(英语毕业论文)论美国精神在《阿甘正传》中的反映

(英语毕业论文)从寂寞到超然—索尔•贝娄的《赫索格》中书信体的内心独白（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

134、(英语毕业论文)从基因学的角度看多义词的词义关系（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

135、Skopostheorie 136、述）137、138、139、+文献综述）140、141、(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)A Comparative Analysis Between Pride and Prejudice and The(英语毕业论文)语用移情及其在英语学习中的运用(英语毕业论文)汉英翻译中的多余词现象

(英语毕业论文)On Self-destruction of Laura in Flowering Judas（开题报告+论文(英语毕业论文)《威尼斯商人》中的种族及宗教冲突（开题报告+论文+文献综(英语毕业论文)On English Film Title Translation from the Perspective of Portrait of a Lady from the Perspective of Feminism（开题报告+论文+文献综述）

142、+论文）143、144、145、146、147、148、献综述）

149、(英语毕业论文)英语专业学生议论文写作中连接词使用情况研究（开题报告+(英语毕业论文)中西方创世神话文化的比较

(英语毕业论文)从精神分析角度看《泄密的心》（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)中介语石化现象成因及应对策略(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)Biblical Ideas on Women and Sex(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)The Growth Topic in The Catcher in the Rye（开题报告+论文+文(英语毕业论文)英汉禁忌语对比在跨文化交际中的应用及翻译策略（开题报告论文+文献综述+外文翻译）150、151、152、153、154、155、(英语毕业论文)从唐诗不同译本看数字词汇翻译得与失(英语毕业论文)双语字幕句法结构研究－－《老友记》个案研究(英语毕业论文)论“老友记”中的幽默翻译

(英语毕业论文)新闻英语中的委婉语及其翻译策略（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)The Differences of Beauty Standards Between China and America(英语毕业论文)金融英语的规范性及翻译策略研究（开题报告+论文）156、157、158、159、160、161、162、163、164、(英语毕业论文)浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的创伤和治愈（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)剖析《所罗门之歌》中的黑人意识（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)公益广告中双关语的应用及其翻译（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)经典英语电影台词的语言特征和文化态度（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)美国个人主义与中国集体主义的比较（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)论《傲慢与偏见》中婚姻选择的经济动因（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)从《喜福会》中透视文化的冲突与融合

(英语毕业论文)英汉工具类名转动词实时构建的整合分析－－基于网络论坛语料（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）165、166、167、168、169、170、171、求172、173、174、175、述）

176、(英语毕业论文)A Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs Based on Nida's(英语毕业论文)浅析《最蓝的眼睛》中的叙事艺术（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)《生活大爆炸》言语幽默语用分析（开题报告+论）

(英语毕业论文)学习动机对大学生英语学习的影响（开题报告+论文+文献综(英语毕业论文)小说《飘》中斯嘉丽的人物性格分析（开题报告+论文）

(英语毕业论文)功能目的论视角下汉语商标的英译策略（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)目的论视角下旅游景区公示语误译的研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《远大前程》中乔的人道主义精神（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)An Analysis of Fagin in Oliver Twist(英语毕业论文)从跨文化交际层面谈口译译者能力的提高(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)论罗伯特•佩恩•沃伦《国王的人马》中对真理与自我认知的追Fuctional Equivalence Theory 177、178、(英语毕业论文)从目的论看电影《音乐之声》中对白的汉译（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)人格、环境与命运——以弗洛伊德“人格结构理论”分析《还乡》中的主要人物命运（开题报告+论文+文献综述+外文翻译）

179、(英语毕业论文)从后殖民主义看《贫民窟的百万富翁》的成功（开题报告+论文+文献综述）180、181、182、183、184、185、186、187、188、189、190、191、192、193、194、195、196、文献综述）197、198、199、+外文翻译）200、(英语毕业论文)文化差异对习语翻译的影响(开题报告+论文)(英语毕业论文)霍桑《红字》女性主义的探析(英语毕业论文)外贸英语函电的文体特征及翻译对策(英语毕业论文)汉译英语足球新闻中修辞手法的策略

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)论网络英语的特征

(英语毕业论文)从违反合作原则研究《生活大爆炸》（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)The Language Features of Advertising English(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)影响大学生英语自主学习的因素研究（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)以名词动用为例分析英语词汇学习中的隐喻(英语毕业论文)《麦琪的礼物》中环境语的分析(英语毕业论文)浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中两位男主人公

(英语毕业论文)《月亮与六便士》中查尔斯•思特里克兰德的追寻自我(英语毕业论文)麦都思眼中的中国宗教形象（开题报告+论文+文献综述）(英语毕业论文)论《荆棘鸟》中人性和宗教信仰的矛盾冲突（开题报告+论文+(英语毕业论文)威廉·戈尔丁《蝇王》中的写作艺术（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)论《儿子与情人》的现实主义表现手法（开题报告+论文）(英语毕业论文)英汉视觉动词概念隐喻的对比研究（开题报告+论文+文献综述(英语毕业论文)清教思想在《失乐园》中的体现

第四篇：论文：英语电影片名的翻译

中文文摘

电影是一种集艺术性和商业性于一体的艺术形式，是最具有影响力的媒体之一。越来越多的英语电影被引入中国，促进了中西方文化交流。电影片名作为电影的重要组成部份之一，具有传达信息，表现美感和吸引观众的功能。在过去的二三十年里，影视翻译取得了很大的发展，但作为翻译领域一个重要组成部份，电影片名的研究工作还做得远远不够。目前似乎还没有人提出一套比较完整可行的原则指导片名翻译。目前英语片名翻译的问题主要表现为译名不统一，呈现出“一名多译，良荞不齐”的状况。

本文以新兴的功能翻译理论作为研究基础，大力提倡以观众为取向的英语片名翻译方法。功能翻译理论不同于传统的翻译理论，它强调了翻译及目的文本在其文化中的功能。作为功能翻译理论的“目的论”认为，翻译是一种有目的行为，“目的”决定所有翻译行为。根据“目的论”，决定翻译目的的最重要因素之一就是译文的接受对象，他们作为译文预期的接受者有其各自特定的文化背景和不同的交际需求。此外，功能理论还赋予译者更高的地位和更多的自由，认为为了达到翻译的目的与功能，译者可以最大限度地利用原文的文本信息，并在实践中采用行之有效的不同翻译策略。这也符合了当今影视翻译鼓励 译者具有一定个性和创造性的趋势。

在以上理论研究的基础上，文章将功能理论应用于分析英语电影片名翻译的现象，对英语片名的翻译进行了深入系统而全面的描述与分析，探讨了功能翻译理论指导电影片名翻译的合理性与可行性，以及在该理论指导下英语电影片名翻译的一些策略。全文共分五早。

论文第一章首先介绍了英文电影片名的重要性，阐明了本文的写作目的、研究方法和组织结构。

第二章主要介绍了本研究的理论基础一功能翻译理论。本章首先介绍了功能翻译理论的发展;其次介绍了指导功能翻译理论的三大法则，即目的性法则，连贯性法则和忠诚性法则。指出功能翻译理论的评价标准是“合适”，而不是“对等”。该理论作为对传统翻译理论的一个重大突破和翻译理论研究的重要补充，为电影片名翻译的理论研究开辟了一个新视角。

第三章介绍了电影的分类，定义了电影片名，分析了电影片名的功能和特点。并指出片名翻译的最终目的和主要功能是激发观众的观看欲望。电影片名不仅是物质产品，同时又是精神产品。为了更好地实现片名翻译的最终目的，译者不仅要使得电影译名具有导看功能，即片名能给观众提供影片的基本信息，还要使观众获得美感并受到感召，最终采取行动。这也就是要求译者在译文中努力实现电影片名的三种基本功能，即信息功能，美感功能和祈使功能。

III

第四章是理论与实践相结合的一个章节，即将功能翻译理论结合到具体的片名翻译实践中。作者分析了英语电影片名翻译的主要方法和策略，即音译、直译、意译及改译，以及各种方法的优势和不足，指出了各种翻译方法密不可分，优势互补。本文引用了大量丰富的例子来探讨功能翻译策略在电影片名翻译中的运用，认为原英语片名只是信息提供者之一。除了原电影片名，电影本身也可能提供信息。因此，译名与原名是否对等并不十分重要，充分满足信息、美感、祈使三个功能的要求才是英语电影片名翻译的首要标准。

第五章总结全文，指出电影片名翻译的功能能否实现是英语电影片名汉译的基本原则。要实现电影片名翻译的功能，就要求译者要明确片名翻译的目的，了解电影的类型及主要内容，并基于此选择适当的翻译策略来实现电影片名翻译的功能。

IV

Synopsis

The film, a particular art with both artistic and commercial values, is one of the most influential mass media with large quantities of English films being introduced into China.The film title, as an important part of the film, is of referential, expressive and appellative functions and its translation is a challenging job.Although film translation has been developing quickly in the past two or three decades, film title translation is a far less explored field.Up till now, no systematic and feasible theory on English film title translation has been put forward.Actually, film title translation is very problematic in that it is in a state of disunity.From the aspects of the functions and skopos of film titles, the author makes an analysis of the translation of film titles.Skopos theory, a newly developed theory, is adopted as the theoretical background of this thesis and an audience-oriented film title translation approach is highly advocated.Functionalism sheds new lights on the translation field.It reflects a shift from traditional linguistic and formal translation theories to a more functionally and socio-culturally oriented concept of translation.As a kernel of functionalism, Skopos theory holds that translation is an intentional action, and the skopos is the prime principle to determine the overall translational action.According to Skopos theory, one of the most important factors determines the purpose of a translation is the target receivers with their culture-specific backgrounds, their expectations and communicative needs.Moreover, functionalism gives the translator much more freedom than ever.The translator is encouraged to make good use of the source information and enjoys the freedom of choosing what strategy to follow to achieve the expected functions of the translation.In this thesis, the author applies the functionalist approaches to explain the phenomena of film title translation.The thesis makes an intensive and comprehensive study of the translation of English film titles.It proves the rationality and applicability of the functionalist approach and probes into the translation strategies of translation of English film titles under the guideline of functionalism.The thesis is divided into five chapters.The first chapter serves as an introduction.It presents the significance of the study, and also describes the skopos, research methodology and the structure of thesis.V

Chapter Two elaborates the theoretical basis—the functionalist approach, on

which the present study is founded.This chapter first introduces the historical views of the functional translation theory.After this, the chapter illuminates the three rules for any translation under the framework of functionalism: the skopos rule, the coherence rule and the fidelity rule;and indicates that criterion for translation evaluation is “adequacy”.Therefore, the functionalist theory has given a new perspective to the study of the translation of film title.Chapter Three introduces the genre of films, defines the film title to be examined in this thesis and discusses the features and functions of film titles.It points out that the ultimate purpose of film title translation is to induce the audience to see the film.But unlike commercial advertisement, the film title is not only a commercial product, but a spiritual product as well.In order to achieve the purpose, the title not only has to provide necessary information about the film to the audience but to entertain the audience and attract them.Only when the audience have been entertained and attracted by the title will they be persuaded to go to the cinema.That is to say, a translator should try to achieve three basic functions in target translation, namely thereferential, expressive and appellative functions.Chapter Four discusses the combination of theory with practice.This chapter applies the functionalist approach explain to the English film title translation.It first uses the functionalist approaches to the phenomena of film title translation.And it elaborates the strategies mainly applied in English film title translation, namely transliteration, literal translation, liberal translation and adaption, and discusses the merits and limitations of each method.This thesis argues that all the translation strategies are indispensable and supplementary to each other.It holds that equivalence to the original is not very important but the translation's adequacy to the requirement of the three functions is just the first and foremost criterion for the fulfillment of the skopos of reproducing the referential, expressive and appellative functions of original film titles Chapter Five is the conclusion that summarizes the whole thesis.It reaffirms that the translator should translate the English film titles under the basic principle of fulfilling the specific functions of it by applying translation methods in a flexible way.VI

Table of Contents 中文摘要........................................................................................................................I

Abstract........................................................................................................................II

中文文摘.....................................................................................................................III

Synopsis........................................................................................................................V

Chapter One Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Research Background..............................................................................................1 1.2 Data and Methodology.............................................................................................2 1.3 The Structure of the Thesis.....................................................................................2

Chapter Two Literature Review..............................................................................4 2.1 The Emergence of Functional Approaches..............................................................4 2.2 Functionalist Translation Theory.............................................................................5 2.2.1 Development of Functionalist Translation Theory...............................................5 2.2.2 Basic Concepts of Skopos Theory........................................................................6 2.2.3 Adequacy, Standard of Evaluation.......................................................................6 2.2.4 Translation Brief..................................................................................................6 2.2.5 Merits of Skopos Theory......................................................................................7

Chapter Three A Profile of Film Title Translation................................................8 3.1 Genre of Film...........................................................................................................8 3.2 Definition of Film Titles..........................................................................................8 3.3 Sources of Film Titles..............................................................................................8 3.3.1 The Indication of the Subject...............................................................…….........9 3.3.2 The Indication of the Object/Clue........................................................…….........9 3.3.3 The Indication of the Background........................................................................9 3.3.4 The Indication of the Plot....................................................................................10 3.3.5 The Indication of the Theme........................................................................…...10 3.4 Features of Film Titles...........................................................................................10 3.5 Functions of Film Titles........................................................................................11

VII

3.6 Skopos of Film Title Translation...........................................................................11

Chapter Four Application of the Functionalist Approach to the English Film Title Translation.....................................................................................................13 4.1 Strategies Employed in the Translation of English Film Titles.............................13 4.2 Strategies Employed in the Translation of Film TItles..........................................13 4.3 Summary................................................................................................................13

Chapter Five Conclusion.......................................................................................15 5.1 Summary and Conclusion of the Research...........................................................15 5.2 Limitations and Suggestions of the Research........................................................15

References...................................................……........................................................17

VIII

Chapter One Introduction

1.1 Research background

The year 1895 witnessed the first film in world history in France.Having developed for over a century, the film has become one of the most popular ways of entertainment for people.Additionally, it is also a means of expression as well as a vehicle for cultural communication.The film has included so much of various historical periods that people believe that by watching films of various types from various times and various countries, they can learn many aspects of history.The film is, so to speak, an acting and talking encyclopedia of culture and society.With the increasing pace of China's opening to the outside world as well as the development of cultural communication between China and English-speaking countries, more and more English films have entered Chinese market.In order to enable the audience to understand and appreciate the film, the whole film should be translated.Thus, there is an urgent demand for the translation of films.And because the film, as a specific form of literature and audio-visual art, is bound to have promising prospects in our age, it is of great significance to study and develop film-translating too.Film translation is the translating of languages and cultures, and the promotion of cross-cultural exchanges.And the film title, like the title to a literary text, delivers the most important information about the film to the audience.Therefore, as an indispensable part of the film translation, the film title translation naturally becomes an important branch of the general translation study.Whether the film is appealing or not, the title is one and the first deciding factor, for it is often the first that comes into the potential viewer's attention.It is expected to be eye-catching, ear-pleasing and curiosity-stimulating.The film titles generally bear three principal functions: the referential function, the expressive function, and the appellative function.The referential function means that the translation informs the audience the background and the plots of the film.It tells the audience as much of the information of the film as it can within several words and help them have a basic understanding of the film.The expressive function means that the translation sets the feeling-tone reflected in each film genre, which is very important to its communicative effectiveness;The appellative function means

that the translation must be written in a language that is immediately comprehensible to the audience so as to attract their attention, and triggerthem to enter the cinema to appreciate the film.And the film title, being short in form but rich in meaning, has its own linguistic, aesthetic, cultural and commercial features, all of which contribute a lot to the charm and the success of the film.Nowadays, the film title translation has attracted the attentions of many scholars.Many thesises of this topic could be seen in various kinds of academic periodicals.However, the studies in this field are not adequate and comprehensive enough.In this thesis, the author will try to make some theoretical explanations by examples which are taken from original texts and published translations.1.2 Data and Methodology

The present research is a descriptive analysis of English film title translation.It mainly focuses on the feature films which carry a greater variety than documentary films and science and educational films.They are usually intended to attract wide and varied audience.Thus, various feature film titles are collected from various sources such as books, journals, DVDs and the Internet for this research.The research is carried out in the light of the functionalist approaches to discover the principles of film title translation, and to see how the translation strategies are adequate to the requirements of the three functions in serving the skopos of film title translation.1.3 The Structure of the thesis

The thesis consists of five chapters: l)introduction, 2)literature review, 3)a profile of filmtitle translation, 4)an analysis of the film title translation from the functional perspective, 5)conclusion.The first chapter introduces the background and methodology of this research.The second chapter is the literature review which introduces the Skopos theory, including its development, basic concepts, basic rules and its influence on translation.The third chapter makes a profile of film titles.It introduces the genre of films, defines the film titles, analyzes its features and functions, and points out that the

skopos of English film title translation is to win the heart of the audience and be rewarded by a great box-office hit.The fourth chapter is the practical part of my thesis, where English film title translations are collected, reviewed and analyzed, for the purpose of discussing how the Chinese translation in various strategies are feasible in serving the skopos of entertaining the audiences and promoting the box-office.The fifth chapter is the last part.It summarizes the research conducted in the thesis to draw a conclusion.Chapter two

Literature Review 2.1 The Emergence of functionalist approaches The functional approaches originated in Germany in 1970s.Before its emergence, those linguistic-oriented theories had a great influence on translation.Many definitions of translation emphasized the linguistic aspect.For example, Catford thought translation is “the replacement of textual material in a language(SL)by equivalent material in another language(TL)”(cf.Nord, 2001:7);and according to Nida and Taber, the process of translation is “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message”(Eugene A.Nida & Charles R.Taber, 2004:12).Because the linguistic approaches basically saw translation as a procedure of trans-coding, “equivalence” seems to be basic and somewhat indispensable.Werner Koller even indicated that the translation must preserve the source-language content, form, style, function, or “at least must seek to preserve them as far as possible”(cf.Nord, 2001:7).It declared the target text which is not equivalent to the source text to be a failed translation.Though many theorists still emphasize the equivalence in translation, they have to recognize that there may be non-equivalence in translation caused by the culture differences.Just as Koller stated in his recent work, “adaptation may be appropriate, or even inevitable, in order to make the translation reach its audience.(cf.Nord, 2001:7)And as for some pragmatic texts, such as advertisements and products instructions, ”equivalence“ can't be well applied for them.Thus, some translation scholars shift their focus from equivalence-based approaches to functionalist approaches, and ”a new theory was called for“.(Nord, 2001:8)

”The emergence of a functionalist translation theory marks an important moment in the evolution of translation theory by breaking the two-thousand-year old chain of theory revolving around the faithful vs.freeaxis.”

(Gentzler, 2004: 71)

Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation in this way.The major contribution to functionalism is the functionalist translation theory with the Skopos theory to its core.2.2 Functionalist Translation Theory 2.2.1 Development of functionalist translation theory The development of the functionalist translation theory experienced four stages, with Katharina Reiss, Hans J.Vermeer, Holz-Manttari and Christiane Nord as the main representatives.2.2.2 Basic Concepts of Skopos theory

“Skopos is the Greek word for „aim‟ or „purpose' and was introduced into translation theory in the 1970 by Hans J.Vermeer as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating.”

(Munday, 2001:78-79)

Nord indicates that the main idea of Skopos theory is that translation should be purpose-oriented.Vermeer has divided the purpose of translation into three possible kinds, including “the general purpose aimed at by the translator in the translation process”(cf.Nord, 2001;27), “the communicative purpose aimed at by the target text situation”(ibid: 27), and “purpose aimed at by a particular translation strategy or procedure”(ibid:28).And the term Skopos usually refers to the purpose of the target text.Except the term Skopos, Vermeer also uses some related words aim, purpose, intention and function in his theory:

1.„Aim’is defined as the final results an agent intends to achieve勿means of an action.2.„Purpose' is defined as a provisional stage in the process of attaining an aim.3.„Function' refers to what a text means or is intended to mean from the receiver's point of view, whereas the aim is the purpose for which it is needed or supposed to be need.4.„Intention' is conceived as aim-oriented plan of action.(cf.Nord,2001: 28)

He considers teleological concepts of these words to be equivalent, subsuming them under the generic concept of Skopos.However, Christiane proposed a basic distinction between intention and function, which is particularly useful in translation.Because the sender and the receiver usually belong to different cultural and situational settings, “intention and function may have to be analyzed from two different angles”.(Nord, 2001:29)2.2.3 Adequacy, Standard of Evaluation

Instead of equivalence, “adequacy” is highly emphasized within the framework of skopos theory.According to Skopos theory, the intended purposes of the target text determine the translation strategies, and criterion for translation evaluation is “adequacy”, which refers to “the qualities of a target text with regard to the translation brief'(Nord, 2001:35), which will be discussed later in this chapter.The translation should be ”adequate to“the requirements of the brief'.(Nord, 2001:35).“'Adequate' is a dynamic concept related to the process of translational action and referring to the “goal-oriented” selection of signs that are considered appropriate for the communicative purpose defined in the translation assignment.”

(cf.Nord, 2001:35)

The skopos of the translation determines the form of equivalence required for an adequate translation.Therefore, equivalence means adequacy to a skopos that requires that the target text serves the same communicative function or functions as the source text,山us preserving invariance of function between source and target text.That is, the concept of equivalence is reduced to “functional equivalence” on the text level of what Reiss refers to as “communicative translation”.(cf.Nord, 2001:36)2.2.4 Translation Brief

The translation brief indicates the text type, format or terminology of a translation.In the professional practice of translation, translators seldom start a translating activity out of their own reasons.Translation is usually done by assignment;that is, a client needs a text for a particular purpose and calls upon the translator for a translation.In the process of translational action, the initiator decides the communicative purpose.However, on real occasions, clients do not give the translators an explicit translation brief,they often do not know that a good brief spells a better translation.Based on the source text in the source settings, an experienced translator is able to infer the brief himself and make some variations upon the target text, in order to make

it meaningful to target culture receivers.In addition, the translation brief does not tell the translator how to go about their translation job, what translation strategy to use, or what translation type to choose.These decisions depend entirely on the translator's responsibility and competence.(Nord, 2001:30)

In terms of Skopos theory, the variability of the brief depends on the circumstances of the target culture, not on the source culture.Since translation has been defined as a translational action involving a source text, the source is usually a part of the brief.In terms of action theory, agents(sender, receiver, initiator, translator)play the most important parts.2.2.5 Merits of Skopos theory

Compared with traditional translation theory prevailing before 1970s, Skopos theory has so many distinctive characteristics that it becomes a trigger of revolution in translation studies.“The two most important shifts in theoretical developments in translation theory overthe past two decades have been(1)the shift from source-text oriented theories to target-text oriented theories and(2)the shift to include cultural factors as well as linguistic elements in the translation training models.Those advocating functionalist approaches have been pioneers in both areas.”

(Gentzler, 2004:70)

And the theory is also considered by Nord exactly as the translation model that is needed.Nord summarizes the advantages of it as ”pragmatic, culture-oriented and consistent“.(cf.Quan Xunlian, 2006)

Chapter Three

A Profile of English Film Title

The film title, like the title to a literary text, delivers the most important information about the film to the audience.A good film title can grip the attention of the audience and contribute a lot in box-office.Film title translation is an important job which is full of creation.It seems to be a simple and easy task, but actually it is complicated.It has its own features and unique functions all of which deserve the attention of translation scholars.A brief survey of English film titles will be conducted in this chapter before coming to the application stage.3.1 Genre of film In film theory, ”genre“ refers to the primary method of film categorization based on similarities in the narrative elements from which films are constructed.Just like literary genres, there are many types of films, but the most significant categories are feature films, documentary films, educational films, experimental and animated films as suggested in The Complete Film Dictionary.(cf.Xu Lin, 2005)

3.2 Definition of film titles

The title, according to The Complete Film Dictionary, means any words that appear on the screen not as part of the scene but as a means of conveying information to the audience.”Credit titles“ appear at the start and conclusion of a film to cite the various personnel responsible for the motion picture;”the main title“ gives the name of the film;”subtitle“ are placed at the bottom of the scene to translate foreign languages;”the end title“ tells the audience that the film is concluded and ”end titles“ give us the credits.(cf.Xu Lin, 2005)The thesis will discuss the ”main title“ which gives the name of the film.3.3 Sources of film titles The film title usually summarizes the main idea of the film and exposes the theme.If a translator wants to grasp the full meaning of the original title, and translate the film titles properly, he should first identify the sources of film titles.That means, he should know on what bases the films are named.The sources can be roughly

categorized into five types: 1)subject;2)objecbclue;3)background;4)plot;5)theme.(He Ying, 2001)3.3.1 The Indication of the Subject

The subject here refers to the protagonist-hero or heroine of the film.More often than not, the screenwriters either adopt the names of the main characters as the film titles, or entitle the film with the characteristics of the protagonist.Following are some examples of this type of source:

Romeo and Juliet Batman Alexander The Fantastic Four

3.3.2 The Indication of the

The clue or the most important object appearing in the film serving to be the thread that connects the whole plot is often adopted as the title.Following are some examples of this type of source:

Schindler's List 7axi Golden Eye A Clockwork Orange

3.3.3 The Indication of the Background

The background, which plays a very important part in the developing the plot, conveying the theme and portraying the characters, also serves as one of the chief sources for naming a film.This type of source originates from the place or time that is crucial for the development of the plot and the portrait of the protagonists, providing the audience with some basic background information of the film.Following are some examples of this type of source:Troy The Longest Day Mr.Bean's Holiday Air Force One

《特洛伊》 《最长的一天》 《憨豆先生的假期》 《空军一号》

《辛德勒名单》 《的士速递》 《黄金眼》 《发条橙》

《罗密欧与茱丽叶》

《蝙蝠侠》

《亚历山大帝》

《神奇四侠》

3.3.4 The Indication of the Plot

It's the most common type of source of film titles.The title always provides a glimpse of the film plot, or summarizes the content of the film.Following are some examples of this type of source:

Around the World in 80 days Kill Bill Star War Saving Private Ryan

3.3.5 The Indication of the Theme

Some of the films are entitled with the theme that the film intended to convey.Such titles are comparatively abstract, but contain much more symbolized meanings than the other types.They are very thought-provoking, profound and far-reaching in mood.Following are some examples of this type of source:

Pride and Prejudice Brave Heart Top Gun The Sound of the Music

《傲慢与偏见》 《勇敢的心》 《壮志凌云》 《音乐之声》

《环游世界80天》 《杀死比尔》 《星球大战》 《拯救大兵莱恩》

3.4 Features of film titles

Film titles are commonly short and brief to be eye-catching for people.And because the intended addressee of film titles is the general public, the language should be popular and comprehensive.Many rhetoric devices, such as simile, metaphor and oxymoron are employed in the film title to make them vivid and attractive, therefore, they can grab the audience's attention, arouse their curiosity and trigger their action.The overall features of the English film titles will be approached from linguistic, aesthetic, cultural and commercial aspects as follows.In general, English film titles are simple, concise and compact.A lot of film titles employ only one word, which are usually to be nouns.They may be the main character, the place or the time when the story takes place.For example, Speed, Mummy, Titanic and so on.Although there are some long film titles, such as When a Man Loves a Woman and It happened One Night, they are just a small number.Additionally, phrases enjoy the great popularity in the film titles.Most of them are noun phrases, verb phrases and prepositional phrases.3.5 Functions of film titles

”Function“ is a topic largely discussed by the translation scholars.Vermeer defines ction as ”what a text means or is intended to mean from the receiver's point of view".(Nord, 1:28).Each text is produced for a certain function and work this function.The station of a text should also be intended to function for the target receivers.Functionalism draws on Karl Biihler's organon(1934)about the text function.Biihler proposed that there were three basic text functions: referential, expressive and appellative functions.And because the film is a material product as well as a spiritual product, this dual decides that film titles have both functions of artistic appreciation and commercial advertisement, therefore the titles should bear the aesthetic function as well.3.6 Skopos of film title translation

The film is more than just an entertaining system.It is also a means of expression as well as a vehicle for cultural communication.According to Vermeer's Skopos theory, the possible purposes in the translational action can be divided into three kinds: the general purpose aimed at by the translator, the communicative purpose aimed at by the target text, and the purpose aimed at by a particular translation strategy or procedure.(cf.Nord,2001:27-28)Applying this classification in film title translation, we can see that the general purpose of a translator of film title translation is to earn living;the communicative purpose of film title translation is to induce the audience to go the cinema;and the purpose of using particular strategies in film title translation is to preserve or recreate the referential function, expressive function and appellative function to please the audience, regardless of whether the immediately feeling is amusement(comedy), fear(horror)or anything else.Among the three purposes, the communicative purpose is the most important one.A successful film title should be the one that can attract people to the cinema and contribute a lot to the box office.That is to say, the skopos of film title translation is to add the viewer with a translated film title, which can contribute to a good

understanding of the contents of the film, provide information of the background and the plots of the film, set the feeling-tone of the film, increase the title's artistic appeal, win the heart of the audience and promote the box-office.Generally speaking, to make a hit on box-office is the ultimate goal of film title translation..In order to fulfill this purpose, the translator's task is to apply suitable strategies of translation, to provide the clear and concise film titles and induce the audience to watch the film.Chapter Four

Application of the Functionalist Approach to the English

Film Title Translation

4.1 Strategies Employed in the Translation of Film Titles

There is no single translation strategy that can solve all the problems in film title translation.According to the three functions of film title, which we have discussed in chapter three, four main types of strategies can be applied in film title translation.They are transliteration, literal translation, liberal translation and adaption.The following part discusses the four strategies applied in film title translation with rich examples to see how they are adequate to the translation brief, that is the requirements of the referential function, the expressive function, and the appellative as an integrated whole in fulfilling the purpose of entertaining the Chinese audience and promoting the box-office.4.2 Strategies Employed in the translation of Film Titles

There is no single translation strategy that can solve all the problems in film title translation.According to the three functions of film title, which we have discussed in chapter three, four main types of strategies can be applied in film title translation.They are transliteration, literal translation, liberal translation and adaption.The following part discusses the four strategies applied in film title translation with rich examples to see how they are adequate to the translation brief, that is the requirements of the referential function, the expressive function, and the appellative as an integrated whole in fulfilling the purpose of entertaining the Chinese audience and promoting the box-office.4.3 Summary

From the analysis above, we can draw a conclusion that the translation of English film titles doesn't simply mean copying the content and the form of the original title.It a re-creative process based on the functional theories.There isn't a sole method for the film title translation.All methods has its limitations.When one

method does not work owing to linguistic, customary, cultural or other factors, naturally the translator must at once turn to the other means for help.He should have a better understanding of the type and the content of the original film, then he can choose a method which is adequate to the translation brief and well reproduces the referential, expressive and appellative functions of the film title.Chapter Five

Conclusion

5.1 Summary and Conclusion of the Research

In this thesis, we have conducted a study into the application of the functionalist approaches to the translation of English film titles.The film is one of the most influential mass media products.As China' film market's potential becomes larger and larger, more and more English films have entered Chinese market and held a very important position in Chinese people's recreational life.So the translation of film products has become an important part of international economic and cultural exchanges.The study of the translation of film titles is not only necessary but also urgent.That is the reason why the author attempts to make an analysis of the basic strategies applicable to the translation of English film titles from a functionalist perspective.The author elaborates on the functionalist approach that emerged in the 1970s in Germany.The functionalist approach made a breakthrough in the field of translation, which had been dominated by the equivalence theory for a long time.The functionalist approach is a shift from the source-text orientation to target-text orientation.It attaches greatest importance to the skopos, and points out that the prime principle determining the translation action is the skopos(purpose)of the target text.In this sense, the functionalist approach is the most suitable and practicable theory to guide the film title translation.For the Chinese audience, they watch the film for the purpose of entertainment.And as an essential part of the films, the film titles naturally should not only serve the skopos of entertainment, but also the skopos of inducing the audience to see the film.The referential function, the expressive function and the appellative function are defined as the translation brief in achieving this skopos.Various kinds of strategies are employed such as transliteration, literal translation, liberal translation and adaption to fulfill this skopos.All the translation strategies adopted by the translator serve to realize the ultimate purpose of film title translation by highlighting one or two or three of these three functions.Simultaneously meeting the requirements of the three functions achieves the skopos well while meeting the requirements of one or two functions may affect the degree of entertainment.For example, the audience may not feel the specific atmosphere of the film easily due to the translation's failure to meet the requirement of the expressive

function.Therefore, to produce a successful film title under the guidance of the Skopos theory, the translator should first make clear of the skopos of the film title translation, then, he is supposed to fully understand the differences between Chinese film titles and English film titles in culture-specificity, in referential and expressive functions.Finally it is important for the translator to choose appropriate strategy that can best serve the particular function and finally realize the skopos of the translation.The thesis cites rich examples to examine the specific strategies the translator has chosen when translating different kinds of English film titles.The purpose of this study is to analyze whether and how the translators translate in a way that enables the translation to reproduce the referential, expressive and appellative function of the original title.5.2 Limitations and Suggestions of the Research

The present research is a tentative study of English film title translation.However, it is only target receiver-oriented and cannot cover all the aspects of the translation of English film titles due to the limited time and sources.Therefore, there is still much to be investigated in great depth in the translation of English film titles from other aspects.References Christiane Nord.2001.Translating as a Purposeful Activity-Functionalist Approaches Explained, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Edwin Gentlzer.2004.Contemporary Translation Theories(Revised Second Edition)Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Eugene A.Nida & Charles R.Taber.2004.The Theory and Practice of Translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Eugene A.Nida.2001.Language, Culture and Translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language EducationPress Gideon Toury.2001.Descriptive Translation Studies and Beyond, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Gutt, Ernest-August.2001.Translation and Relevance, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Katharina Reiss.2004.Translation Criticism-The Potentials & Limitations, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Mark Shuttleworth & Moira, Cowie.2004.Dictionary of Translation Studies, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Mary Snell-Hornby.2001.Translation Studies-An Integrated Approach, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Mona Baker.2004.Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign LanguageEducation Press Munday Jeremy.2001.Introducing Translation Studies-Theory and Applications, London: Routledge Peter Newmark.2001.A Textbook of Translation, Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press Peter Newmark.1988.Approaches to Translation.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Peter Newmark.2006.About Translation Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press.Quan Xunlian, 2006, A Functionalist Approach to the Translation of Film Titles, Unpublished MA.dissertation, Anhui University

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从文化差异角度看中式菜单英译

Psychological Analysis of Holden in The Catcher in the Rye 英语词汇学习存在的问题及对策研究

从目的论视角下对比研究《哈利•波特与火焰杯》的两个中译本 商务英语信函中的礼貌原则

从功能对等角度分析英文电影片名汉译 中美乡土文学中人性美的文化差异分析 模糊语在国际商务谈判中的语用功能研究 谭恩美《灶神之妻》文化解读

法律语言特征和法律语言翻译 88 浅析奥斯丁的女性意识

浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中苔丝的反叛精神 90 从古至今的吸血鬼文化

A Comparison of the English Color Terms 92 从韦恩•布斯的修辞理论角度分析《爱玛》中的修辞手法 93 商务英语信函中的礼貌原则

试析《旅游巴士》中的犹太文化内涵 95 The Tragic Fate of Tess 96 Rationalism in The Mysterious Stranger 97 卡勒德·胡赛尼《追风筝的人》阿米尔的救赎分析 98 幽默元素在英语电影和电视剧中的翻译 99 浅谈英语影片名的翻译 100 商务信函中的介词用法

《威尼斯商人》中的种族及宗教冲突

The Application of Multi-media in Middle School English Teaching 103 从目的论角度看外宣翻译研究

从交际翻译理论看幽默对话翻译——以《老友记》第一季为例 105 模糊数词在英语习语中的构成形式及其修辞功能 106 重新诠释玛格丽特的人生悲剧根源

从爱伦·坡《黑猫》探讨人性的善良与邪恶 108 以姚木兰和斯嘉丽为例看东西方女性意识差异 109 中西跨文化交际中的礼貌问题之比较分析 110 从女性主义看《呼啸山庄》

从后殖民视角解读《孤独的割麦女》 112 论英语新课标下高中生跨文化意识的培养 113 浅析《红字》中象征手法的运用

English Teaching and Learning in China's Middle School 115 英文电影名汉译中的功能对等 116 论《小镇畸人》中人物的怪诞性

二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用 118 初中英语教学中的角色扮演 119 “误译”现象的合理性探析 120 如何有效地扩展大学生英语词汇

On Characteristic Features of the Main Characters in The Moon and Sixpence 122 观春潮：浅析“戏仿”背后海明威性格阴暗面 123 从归化与异化的角度研究《金锁记》的翻译策略 124 中西餐桌礼仪文化差异

A Naturalistic Approach to Jude’s Tragedy in Jude the Obscure 126 浅析托妮·莫里森《宠儿》中人物的身份建构 127 从社会符号学角度浅谈汉语“一”字成语翻译 128 从言语行为理论研究广告英语中的隐喻 129 《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中阶级面面观

A Contrastive Study on Traditional Festivals in Chinese and Western Cultures—from the

Perspective of the Disparity between Spring Festival and Christmas Day 131 美国战争电影的人性和文化透视－－以《拯救大兵瑞恩》为例 132 中西建筑文化差异及其形成背景分析 133 通过会话原则分析手机短信语言

从目的论看《生活大爆炸》的字幕翻译 135 英语电影片名翻译策略研究

浅析《恋爱中的女人》的圣经意象原型——从原型批评角度解读 137 从情景喜剧《老友记》浅析美国俚语的幽默效果 138 英文电影题目翻译的异化与归化研究

“黑人会飞”——托妮•莫里森小说《所罗门之歌》中的黑人神话研究 140 从合作原则违反角度分析《破产姐妹》中的幽默话语 141 从《葡萄牙人的十四行诗集》探究布朗宁夫妇的爱情 142 Judy’s Double Character in Daddy-Long-Legs 143 从校园流行语看中美学生思维方式的差异 144 从麦当劳看美国快餐文化

论亨利•詹姆斯的世态小说的特征—以《黛西•米勒》和《贵妇画像》为例 146 论企业对员工过度压力的管理

论简·奥斯汀在《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻观 148 从目的论的角度来看新闻英语中委婉语的翻译 149 目的论下进口汽车说明书的翻译研究 150 A Comparison of the English Color Terms 151 《傲慢与偏见》中的对立与统一

152平衡的维系——《天钧》中的道家思想 153 英语广告语中隐喻的研究 154 商务信函中的语气结构分析

155 论《永别了，武器》中战争对人物的影响 156 论被动句的翻译

157 从《蝙蝠侠：黑暗骑士》与《叶问》看中美电影中塑造英雄方式的差异 158 《红字》中替罪羊形象的分析

159 文化全球化语境下中英婚姻习俗的对比研究 160 从《爱玛》看简•奥斯丁的女性主义意识 161 从生态女性主义视角解读《喜福会》

162 《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》中哈克和吉姆的人物形象分析

163 A Contrastive Study on Language Features of Chinese and English Proverbs 164 李安电影中的文化融合现象

165 语音歧义和语义歧义的语言学分析 166 爱伦坡侦探小说中恐怖气氛的营造方法 167 大学英语课堂教学师生互动建构浅析

168 从唯美主义的角度论《道林.格蕾的画像》中的主要人物 169 英语幽默语的语用研究

170 解读《金色笔记》中的女性主义 171 论奥康纳短篇小说的创作特色

172 哈代的悲观主义和宿命论在《德伯家的苔丝》中的体现 173 《哈利•波特》系列作品中颜色的象征意义

174 《简爱》中女主人公的人生观分析 175 情景教学法在小学英语课堂中的运用

176 《基督山伯爵》与《肖申克的救赎》中男主人公的形象比较 177 普通话对英语语音的迁移作用 178 探析《夜访吸血鬼》中的孤独

179 试析英汉颜色习语折射出的中西文化异同 180 《红色英勇勋章》主人公刻画手法分析 181 商务英语信函中名词化结构的翻译

182 英语文学作品与改编电影的差异——以 《傲慢与偏见》及其版改编电影为例 183 学前英语游戏教学法

184 美国个人主义和中国集体主义的对比与分析

185 Living in the Crack: A Study of the Grotesques in Winesburg, Ohio 186 应用多媒体资源提高英语新闻听力 187 目的论指导下的导游词英译策略研究

188 从《看得见风景的房间》看女性身份的遗失和找寻 189 论西尔维娅•普拉斯诗歌中的死亡意象

190 从跨文化的视角分析美国动画“辛普森一家”中的习语现象 191 多媒体技术在英语语境教学中的应用

192 虽不起眼，但不可或缺：从《洛丽塔》中的小人物看亨伯特悲剧的必然性 193 The Tragic Color of Tender Is the Night 194 浅析《黛西米勒》中男女主人公矛盾情感背后的文化冲突 195 从女性意识的角度解读《荆棘鸟》中的女性形象 196 文明的樊笼—解读《野性的呼唤》 197 商务英语翻译中的隐喻研究

198 高中英语词汇教学中文化意识的培养 199 华盛顿•欧文与陶渊明逃遁思想对比研究 200 汉英礼貌原则对比浅析