第一篇:高三期末复习资料基础版-----4
高三期末复习资料基础版-----4 考点6:产业转移和资源跨区域调配对区域地理环境的影响。
一、产业转移
1.产业转移的原因
本质上讲,产业转移的目的是企业为了降低成本,扩大营销市场,追求更高的利润,劳动力、内部交易成本、市场是影响产业转移的三个主要因素。
劳动力——不同国家地区劳动力数量和质量的差异影响生产成本;
内部交易成本——发达国家内部交易成本一般较高,成为推动企业向外转移的因素; 市场——本地市场饱和或本地市场不能满足发展需求时,企业就会开拓外地市场,为了避开开拓外地市场的限制,企业往往直接将生产基地转移到市场大的地方。2.产业转移对区域发展的影响
(1)转出地——
正效应:促进产业升级,结构优化;占据产业高端分工;扩大市场;减轻环境压力; 负效应:就业机会减少;产业空心化。(2)转入地——
正效应:加快结构调整和产业升级的时间;加快工业化、城市化进程;增加就有机会;负效应:增加环境压力,加重环境污染;从事低端产业分工; 3.分析广东北部成为珠江三角洲产业转移地的原因。珠三角地区:
劳动力、房租、地价、原料、物流、内部交易等成本上升; 政策比较优势丧失;
需要产业升级,结构调整,将劳动密集型产业向外转移。北部地区(欠发达地区):
劳动力、房租、地价、原料、物流、内部交易等成本较低,基础设施、投资环境不断改善,国家优惠的政策等。
二、资源的跨区调配
1.资源跨区域调配对区域地理环境的影响
(1)讨论资源跨区域调配对地理环境的影响,不仅要从利弊两方面分析对调出区和调入区的影响,还要注意对沿线地区的影响。
(2)资源跨区域调配的必要性,需从资源地区分布、生产不均衡和社会经济发展需要两方面展开。
(3)对区域发展的影响: ①对西部(调出区):
将西部地区的资源优势转化为经济优势; 推动基础设施建设,带动相关产业发展; 增加就业机会,促进经济发展。②对东部(调入区):
缓解能源(资源)紧张状况;
推动基础设施建设,带动相关产业发展; 增加就业机会,促进经济发展。
西气东输----优化能源消费结构;改善大气环境质量;
南水北调:
①对南方(调出区)
利----减少汛期径流,可缓解雨季的洪涝灾害;
弊----东线:入海水量减少,可能造成海水入侵,污染水质;
生物多样性减少。
中线:使得汉江中下游水量减少,对下游的航运,取水和生态环境都将产生不利
影响,此外还涉及大规模移民和农田的淹没
②对北方(调入区)
利----缓解水资源短缺状况,改善北方当地饮水质量;
改善生态环境状况,有效解决北方因地下水超采造成的地面沉降、海水入侵; 保护当地湿地和生物多样性;
促进北方缺水地区的经济社会发展,提高人民的生活水平弊----可能造成土壤的盐碱化。
2.我国的能源问题(1)能源问题:
经济发展快,能源需求大;
高耗能产业多,能源浪费严重,能源利用率低; 能源消费结构以煤炭为主,对环境影响大;
石油资源匮乏,能源生产与能源消费地区分布不平衡;
进口原油五分之四要经过马六甲海峡,过分依赖狭窄水道,危险大。(2)解决措施:(确保能源供应安全)
①开源——加强勘探开发,增加国内供给量;
大力开发利用新能源(核能、地热能、太阳能、风能); 多渠道、多方式进口能源。
②节流——优化产业结构,压缩高耗能产业;
加大技术投入,提高能源利用率;
建立国家能源战略储备,保证境外油气供应稳定可靠。
考点7:自然资源
(一)自然资源类型:
矿产资源、森林资源、土地资源、水资源、海洋资源、气候资源等
1、按其形成和来源分类:
(1)来自太阳辐射的能量,如:太阳能、化石能源(煤、石油、天然气)、水能、风能、生物能等。
(2)来自地球内部的能量,如:核能、地热能。(3)天体引力能,如:潮汐能。
2、按开发利用状况分类:
(1)常规能源,如:化石能源(煤、石油、天然气)、水能、生物能。(2)新能源,如:核能、地热能、潮汐能、太阳能、风能。
3、按属性分类:
(1)可再生能源,如:太阳能、地热能、水能、风能、生物能、潮汐能。(2)非可再生能源,如:化石能源(煤、石油、天然气)、核能。
(二)中国自然资源总体特征:
总量大、种类多;人均占有量少;资源利用率低;有浪费现象。
(三)水资源的合理利用与保护 1.某地区缺水原因的分析: 自然原因:
(1)气候:降水较少或不充沛,蒸发量大,季节分配不均;(2)河流:地表径流较少。人为原因:
(1)用水量大:人口稠密、工农业发达;
(2)利用不合理:利用率低、污染、浪费严重。2.水资源短缺问题的解决措施(1)开源:
跨流域调水,修建水库,沿海地区海水淡化,合理开采地下水。(2)节流:
减少浪费,治理污染,提高工农业水资源利用率,限制高耗水的产业发展,发展节水农业(如:喷灌滴灌),制定法律法规,提高人们节水意识,实行水价调节。
(四)土地资源的合理利用与保护 1.土地资源利用类型:
耕地、林地、草地、水域、城镇居民用地、交通用地、其他用地(工矿、盐场等)以及冰川和永久积雪、石山、高寒荒漠、戈壁沙漠等。2.利用中出现的问题:
(1)生态破坏:水土流失、土地荒漠化、土地盐碱化、森林减少、湿地减少、草地超载。(2)环境污染:土地污染(工业“三废”;农业农药、化肥;生活垃圾)。(3)其它:工矿建设乱占耕地等。
第二篇:物流管理基础期末复习资料总结
1.集装箱:集装箱是进行散、杂货及特殊单元组合的大型容器性工具,又称“货箱”“货柜”。集装箱实际上是一种流动的货舱,属于一种现代化的装卸运输工具。这一术语不包括车辆和一般包装。集装箱作为一种运输工具的基本条件:
1).具有足够的强度,能够长期反复使用.2)适用于一种或多种运输方式运送,途中转运时,箱内货物不需要换装。
3)具有快速装卸和搬运的装置,特别便于从一种运输方式转移到另一种运输方式。
4)便于货物装满和卸空。
5)具有1立方米以上的容积。
2.集装盘(托盘):是用于集装、堆放、搬运、运输和放置,是货物和制品的水平平台装置,有便于叉车从下部叉入并将台板托起的叉入口。托盘最初是在装卸领域出现,与叉车同步发展起来的。目前托盘已经是和集装箱一样重要的集装方式,它们形成了集装系统的两大支柱,在现代物流运输系统的建立过程中起到了重要作用。托盘具有自重小、亦返空、易装盘的优点。但装载量和保护性比较低,不易露天存放。
3.绿色包装:能够循环使用、再生利用或降解腐化,且在货物的生命周期中对环境不造成公害的适度包装。
4.流通加工:是物品在生产地到使用地的过程中,根据需要施加包装、分割、计量、分拣、刷标志、拴标签、组装等作业的总称。
5.国际物流网络:是由多个收发货的“结点”和他们之间的“连线”所构成的物流抽象网络以及与之相伴随的信息流动网络集合。
6.物流信息系统的定义:物流信息系统是由人、硬件、软件和物流数据资源组成的,目的是及时、正确地收集、加工、存储、传递和提供物流信息,实现组织中各项物流活动的管理、调解和控制。
7.GPS:即全球定位系统,这是一个由覆盖全球的24颗卫星组成的卫星系统,以保证可以采集到该观测点的经纬度和高度,以便实现导航、定位、授时等功能。这项技术可以用来引导飞机、船舶、车辆以及个人呢,安全、准确地沿着选定的路线,准时到达目的地。⑴.GPS原理:①空间部分⑵.应用:①汽车导航功能
②地面控制部分②车辆跟踪定位系统③用户设备部分③货物配送路线规划功能
8.GIS :即地理信息系统,它是一种特定的十分重要的空间信息系统。它是在计算机硬件、软件系统支持下,对整个或部分地球表层空间中的有关地理分布数据进行采集、储存、管理、运算、分析、显示和应用的技术系统。
9.作业成本法:以作业为中心,根据作业对资源耗费的情况将资源成本分配到作业中,然后根据产品和服务所耗费的作业量,最终将成本分配到产品与服务。
10.供应链:生产及流通过程中,涉及将产品或服务提供给最终用户活动的上游与下游组织所形成的网链结构,它具有以下特点:
1)是一个更广泛的企业结构模式。
2)它不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链,而且是一条增值链。
3)在这个网络中,每个贸易伙伴既是客户的供应商,又是其供应商的客户,他们既要向上游的贸易伙伴采购产品,又要向下游的贸易伙伴供应商品。
11.牛鞭效应:指供应链上的一种需求变异放大现象,是信息流从最终客户端向原始供应商端传递,无法有效的实现信息功效,是信息扭曲而逐级放大,导致了需求信息出现越来越大的波动,此信息扭曲的放大作用在图上很像一根甩起的牛鞭,因此被形象地称为牛鞭效应。
12.协同规划、预测和补给(CPFR):是一种协同式供应链库存管理技术,他能同时降低销售商的存货量,增加供应商的销售量。CPER最大的优势是能及时准确地预测由各项促销措
施或异常变化带来的销售高峰和波动,从而使销售商和供应商都能做好准备,取得主动权。简答题:
1.开展配送的必备条件: ①资源保障
②资金保障
③配送设施和设备齐备
④信息系统支撑
⑤员工素质
2.配送路线确定的原则
⑴.确定目标:①效益最高
②成本最低
③路程最短
④吨公里最低
⑤准时性
⑥运力合理利用
⑦劳动消耗最低
⑵.配送路线的约束条件:①满足所有收获人对货物品种、规格、数量得要求。
②满足收货人对货物发到时间范围的要求。
③在交通管制允许通行的时间、路段中配送。
④各路线货物的配送量不能超过车辆容积及载重量的限制。⑤在配送中心现有运力的允许范围之中。
⑶.节约里程法
3.包装合理化的途径: ①包装的标准化
②包装的机械化和集装单元化
③包装的简单化和实用化
④包装绿色化
⑤包装智能化
4.配送中心选址的因素:①货流量的大小和方向
②交通条件
③自然条件
④土地条件
⑤人力资源条件
⑥政策环境
5.配送中心选址方案的经济论证:
⑴.投资额的确定: ①预备投资
②直接投资
③相关投资
④运营费用
⑵.投资效果分析和确定:配送中心的选址必须在准确掌握投资额度之后,确认其投资效果,而且以投资效果来指导今后的决策。投资效果问题,归根到底是对投资效益的估算。配送中心和一般产品生产企业的最大区别在于,配送中心没有一定数量、一定质量、一定价格的产品,因而收益计算具有模糊性。此外,在经营活动中,人的因素等不确定因素很多,所以在计算效益时需要对客户、市场占有率等若干方面做不同层次的估计,分别组成不同的方案进行比较。
6.配送合理化标志:①库存标志
②资金标志
③供应保证标志
④成本效益标志
⑤客户物流合理化标志
⑥社会运力节约标志
7.配送合理化措施:①推行专业化配送
②推行加工配送
③推行共同配送
④实行送取结合⑤推行准时配送系统
8.流通加工的作用:①方便流通。包括方便运输、方便储存、方便销售、方便用户。
②提高了生产效益和流通效益。
③提高了加工效益和设备利用效益。
④充分发挥各种运输手段的最高效率。
⑤创造货物附加价值,提高服务水平。
9.企业物流的作业目标: ①快速响应(最基本要求)
②最低库存(最核心的要求)
③集中运输
④最小变异
⑤物流质量
⑥生命周期支持
10.企业供应物流的基本任务:保证适时、适量、适价,以及齐备成套、经济合理的供应企业生产经营的各种物资,并且通过供应物流的科学组织与管理和运用现代物流技术,促进物料的合理使用,加速资金的周转,降低产品成本是企业获得较好的经济效益。
11.准时制生产:
⑴JIT的基本原理是以需定供,基本思想是“只在需要的时候按需要的量生产需要的产品。”其核心是追求一种无库存或是库存达到最小的状态。准时制的生产方式最初由日本的丰田公司以看板管理的方式提出并应用,从而使企业从物流过程中寻找利润源,降低采购、库存、运输等方面多产生的费用。
⑵.JIT的构成:①实现JIT的关键是实现及时供应。
②均衡化生产和标准化作业时JIT生产制的重要手段。
③系统的柔性配置。
④采用适合的JIT管理工具:看板管理
⑶看板管理:又被称为“传票卡”是传递信息的工具,可以是一种卡片,也可以是一种信号,一种告示牌。看板的功:①生产及运送的工作指令。
②防止过量生产和过量运送
③进行“目视管理”的工具
④改善工具
12.国际物流的特点:①物流环境的差异性
②物流系统的广泛性
③ 物流信息的先进性
④物流标准的统一性
13.国际贸易和国际物流的关系:①国际贸易是国际物流发展的基础和条件,国际贸易发展的速度和规模决定着国际物流发展的速度和规模。
②国际物流的高效运作是国际贸易发展的必要保障。
14.物流指标系统:
⑴物流服务质量指标:①服务水平指标或缺货率表示
②满足程度指标
③交货水平指标
④交货期质量指标
⑤商品完好率指标
⑵仓库保管环节服务质量指标:①商品收发正确率
②商品完好率
③库存商品缺损率
⑶运输环节服务质量指标:①正点运输率
②货物完好送达率
③运输信息及时跟踪率或以缺货率表示,也可以用货损货差赔偿费率表示
第三篇:2014中央电大《园艺基础》期末复习资料
2014中央电大《园艺基础》期末复习资料(1)
一、名词解释
1.顶端优势:是指活跃的顶端分生组织(顶芽或顶端的腋芽)抑制下部侧芽发育的现象。
2.花芽分化:是指叶芽的生,理和组织状态向花芽的生理和组织状态转化的过程。
3.芽的异质性:由于枝条内部营养状况和外界条件的不同,同一枝条上不同部位的芽在长势及其特性上的表现有明显的差异
4.种质资源:种质又叫遗传质,是指能从亲代遗传给子代的遗传物质。凡是携带遗传物质的载体就叫做种质资源。
5.生命周期:植物的生长发育存在着明显的周期现象,从生到死的生长发育全过程叫生命周期。
6.选择育种:利用现有品种和类型在繁殖和栽培过程中产生的自然变异,通过人工选择的方法培育成稳定新品种的育种方法,简称选种。
7.杂种优势:杂交种品种(F1)在某一方面或多方面优于双亲或某一亲本的现象叫杂种优势。
8.气候相似论:作物的形态特征和生物学特性都是自然选择和人工选择的产物,因而都适应于一定的自然环境和栽培条件,一旦离开了这种条件就不能很好地生长。特别是从远距离引种时应重视原产地区之间的生态环境,特别是气候条件的相似性,这就是气候相似论。
9.引种:植物的种类和品种在自然界都有它一定的分布范围,人类为了某种需要把植物从其原分布区移植到新的地区,就叫引种。
10.配合力:指一个自交系与另一个自交系或品种杂交后,杂种一代的产量表现。
11.扦插育苗:从植物母体上切取茎、根和叶的一部分,在适宜的环境条件下促使成为独立的新植株的育苗方法。
12.组织培养:是利用植物体的器官、组织或细胞,通过无菌操作接种于人工配制的培养基上,在一定的光照和温度条件下培养,使之生长发育成新植株的过程.13.嫁接亲和力:是指两个植物体经嫁接愈合而能生长在一起并有一定寿命和生产能力的特性。
14.水平压条:将母株下部的枝条加以弯曲压入土中,或倾斜栽植单杆苗木,为了促进生根,将压入土中的枝条用小刀刻伤或环割,枝先端抬高露出地面,待新根长好后,剪下另载。这种繁殖方法叫水平压条。
15.分株:利用植物特殊的营养器官,即鳞茎、球茎、块茎、块根、根茎以及假鳞茎
进行分离和分割,使原来母株分离成若干能独立生存的植株。
16.促成栽培:是设施栽培种的一种高级方式,即在冬季或早春严寒时节利用有(或无)加温设备的温室、塑料大棚栽培园艺植物,产品比常规的露地生产早上市,也称反季栽培。
17.延后栽培:是延后产品收获期和供应期的栽培方式,又称抑制栽培或晚熟栽培。
18.软化栽培:是将某一生长发育阶段的园艺植物(主要是蔬菜作物)栽培在黑暗和温暖潮湿的环境中,使之产出柔软、脆嫩、风味独特的黄化产品,又称黄化栽培。
19.无土栽培:利用营养液栽培植物的方法,又称作营养液栽培。
20..叶分析:是植株分析的一种,它主要是应用实验室的测试手段,分析叶片所反映的植株营养状况。
21.轮作:是指同一地里有顺序地在基借鉴或间轮换种植不同类型作物的种植方式。
22.间作:是指同一地里按一定次序同时种植两种或两种以上作物、一种为主另一种为辅的种植制度。
23.套作:又称套种,是指在前季作物生长后期的株行间(或架下)种植后季作物的种植方式。
24.疏剪:是将一年生或多年生枝从基部剪除。
25.长放:一年生枝不修剪,有选择地长放一些枝,可有效地控制旺长和促进较多的结果部位形成,或向结果方向转化。
二、填空
1.中国是享誉世界的“园艺大国”和园林之母。园林之母
2.中国的 ___果树 和蔬菜_ 总面积,均居世界首位。果树蔬菜
3.大白菜是十字花科科植物。十字花科
4.玫瑰是_____________ 科植物。蔷薇科
5.果树按照生态适应性分类,苹果是 _____________ 类果树。温带
6.蔬菜按照产品器官分类,萝卜是 _____________ 类蔬菜。根菜类
7.蔬菜按照产品器官分类,西瓜是 _____________ 类蔬菜。果菜类
8.观赏植物按照原产地分类,郁金香是_____________ 气候型植物。地中海
9.种子一般是由____________、胚乳和种皮三部分构成。胚
10.树冠内集中分布并形成一定形状和体积的叶群体称为____________。叶幕
11.叶幕的层和密度常用____________ 表示。叶面积指数(LAI)
12.子房未受精而形成果实的现象叫____________。单性结实
13.果实按造构造分类主要是根据果皮是否肉质化将其分为肉果和____________ 两大类。
干果
14.目前生产中常用喷洒乙烯利来促进____________ 分化,喷洒赤霉素来促进____________ 分化。雌花雄花
15.人为地利用各种物理化学因素,诱发植物产生遗传性的变异,从变异体及其后代中选择、培育出新品种的育种方法称为____________。诱变育种. ____________ 是指采用一定的技术措施和繁育制度,以优良品种为生产资料,生产出大量的优质种子或种苗的过程。良种繁育
17.有性繁殖植物的选择育种,最常用的基本选择方法有两种,即混合选择法和____________ 选择法.单株
18.种子播种时,如山丁子、海棠等常采用_________播种方法。条播或撒播
19.种子播种时,如桃、杏等大粒种子常采用__________播种方法。点播
20.育苗床育苗时,成苗培育床上有机肥与田土的比例一般为____________。7:3或5:21.嫁接成活的关键是_______ 的相互连接,仅薄壁细胞愈合,或接穗在砧木组织中生根,不能算是嫁接成活。维管束
22.一二年生园艺植物的育苗可以在露地或在保护地进行,在我国北方地区,_______ 育苗更为普遍。保护地
23.葡萄和猕猴桃常采用 _______ 树形。篱壁形和棚架形
24.一年生果菜类, _______ 是需水的关键时期。幼果膨大和继续开花坐果
25._______ 是指同一田地多层次地生长者各种作物的种植方式。立体种植或立体农业。
26.苗期浇水过多,不仅降低土温,而且会发生 _______ 现象。沤根
27.通常把施肥的方法分为两类:即土壤施肥和_______。根外施肥
三、选择题
1.目前中国果树的总产量已居世界(A)A.第一位 2.由受精的合子发育而来的是(B)
B.胚
3.一年生园艺植物(A)为异养生长阶段。A.种子发芽期 4.下面属于真果的果实为(D)D.桃
5.一年生园艺植物(D)生殖生长和营养生长的矛盾为突出。D.开花结果期
6.材料一般具有特长性状,但由于有较严重的缺点而不能马上得到利用的植物资源是(D)
D.人工创造的植物资源
7.在杂交育种过程中,常被用于综合性状比较优良,只有少数性状需要改造的品种改良上的杂交方式是(B)
B.回交
8.在木本植物中,为植物生长、开花结果提供营养的主要是(A)A.普通营养枝
9.在黄瓜生产中,常用(D)处理,来促进雌花分化。D.乙烯利 10.在园艺植物的落花落果中,果树上称为6月落果的是指(C)C.第三次落果
11.长日照处理,促进(B)植物早开花。B.长日照植物
12.为了减少农药的使用量,减轻环境污染,在育种中应重视培育(C)品种。C.抗病性品种
13.性状选择中,根据性状的相对重要性顺序排列,先按第一重要性状进行选择,然后在入选株内按第二性状进行选择,顺次累进的方法为(D)
D.分项累进淘汰法
14.原产低纬度地区的低温长日性植物引到高纬度地区种植,生育期会(A)
A.缩短 15.原产高纬度地区的低温长日性植物引到低纬度地区种植,生育期会(A)
A.延长 16.原产高纬度地区的高温短日照植物引到低纬度地区种植,生育期会(B)
B.缩短 17.原产低纬度地区的高温短日照植物引到高纬度地区种植,生育期会(B)
B.延长 18.芽变既有形态特征的变异,也有生物学特性的变异,这就是(A)A.芽变的多样性
19.同一品种相同类型的芽变可以在不同时期、不同地点、不同单株上发生,这就是(B)
B.芽变的重演性
20.果树整形修剪中,适宜喜光性树种的树形为(C)C.开心形 21.从管理用苗上看,种植制度中,最费劳力的是(C)C.套作 22.抑制果树枝梢旺长的修剪方法是(C)C.长放
23.在种质资源的贮藏保存中,主要由(C)向育种者提供种子。C.中期库 24.由于隔离不够造成的天然杂交属于(B)
B.生物学混杂 25.果树花卉类蔬菜,为提高坐果率,应多施(D)
D.PK肥 26.植物易患小叶病的原因是缺乏(B)
B.Zn 27.地面灌溉中,为了节水应采用(C)
C.小畦灌溉 28.嫁接繁殖中,劈接属于(A)A.枝接
29.一般来说,落叶树木的扦插是在(A)
A.春季
30.有利于生物防治病虫害的土壤管理法是(B)
B.生草法
31.果树整形修剪中,幼树容易早结果、易管理的树形是(B)B.多中心干形
32.尿素可以用来叶面喷施,植物吸收效率较高,果树生产上,在(C)时,可用较高的浓度。
C.晚秋叶片老龄时
33.现代化果园多应用的土壤管理方法是(D)
D.免耕法 34.我国传统的园艺业广为应用的土壤管理方法是(清耕法)35.植物易患失绿症的原因是缺乏(D)
D.Fe 36.在种子的萌发过程中,(C)部分最先突破种皮。C.胚根 37.对大部分植物都有促进生根作用的化学药剂()A
A.引哚丁酸 B.萘乙酸 C.维生素B1 D.移植素 38.补光可促进提前开花的是(长日照植物)。
39.顶芽活动到一定时间后死亡,或分化为花芽,或发生变态,或生长极慢,而靠近顶芽的腋芽迅速发展为新枝,代替主茎的位置,这种分枝方式称为(.合轴分枝)
40.园艺植物移栽或定植后,应及时灌溉,但水不易太大,这样有利于(地温上升)
四、简述题
1.未来园艺业的发展中,有哪些关注的热点?
答:①资源的最优化利用;②绿色食品的生产;③设施园艺和运输园艺;④都市园艺、社区园艺;⑤园艺业的可持续发展。
2.园艺生产与粮食、棉花生产相比较有什么特点?
答:①技术性强、劳动力密集、经济效益高;②设施栽培技术应用普遍;③繁殖方法很多;④应用高新技术快、普遍。3.简述园艺学的内容。
答:园艺学的内容:研究园艺植物的种质资源及选育优良信品种、生长发育规律、环境条件及其调控;研究如何高效地获得园艺产品的优质高产,还研究园艺产品的采收及采后管理,包括市场流通和贮藏加工等。4.简述花芽分化的类型。答:花芽分化的类型有:夏秋分化型、冬春分化型、一次分化、一次开花型、不定期分化型。5.简述叶幕的形成及其意义。
答:形成:树冠内集中分布并形成一定形状和体积的叶群体称为叶幕。大多数树木叶幕的形成在发芽后一个月左右的时间已完成其总量的80%~90%,在以后的时间里慢慢增加,直到秋季。
意义:合适的叶幕层和厚度,使树冠内的叶量适中,分布均匀,可充分利用光能,有利于优质高产。而叶幕过厚,树冠内光照差,无效叶比例高;叶幕过薄,光能利用率低,不利于优质高产。
6.简述园艺植物坐果机制。
答:其机制为:在开花时子房生长极慢,一旦受精后子房便加速生长,主要是因为受精后花粉活化了形成激素的酶系统,生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素大量产生,而生长抑制物质脱落酸下降。子房内部的这种变化构成了一个营养中心,使受精子房连续不断地吸引外来同化产物进行蛋白质合成,细胞迅速分裂,果实迅速膨大而坐果。7.简述营养生长和生殖生长的关系。答:营养器官的生长是生殖器官生长的基础,即生殖器官的生长发育以营养器官的生长为先导。同时,营养器官生长又为生殖器官生长发育提供必要的碳水化合物、矿质营养和水分等。这是两者协调的一面,但更多的时候是制约和竞争的关系。营养器官和结实器官之间,以及花芽分化与营养生长及结果之间,甚至幼果与成熟果之间都存在着营养竞争的问题。8.简述童期的概念和意义。答:童期:是指从种子播种后萌发开始,到实生苗具有稳定开花结实能力为止所经历的时期,也就是从种子萌发到第一次结果之前这段时间。
意义:童期在果树生产上是一个比较重要的时期。童期的长短关系到坐果的早晚,目前的果树生产一般周期较短,所以强调早结果,就应尽量采取一些措施缩短童期。如加强肥水管理、矮化密植、适当修剪、使用抑制生长的植物生长调节剂等。9.简要说明休眠机制及休眠的控制。
答:休眠的机制:近年来多用激素平衡学说来解释。一般认为脱落酸可诱导多种植物休眠,赤霉素可打破休眠。所以,在生产上人们利用脱落酸和赤霉素来调节和控制植物的休眠。休眠控制:就是促进、延长或解除休眠。控制的方法有农业栽培措施(如控水、减氮促休眠)、低温层积处理和赤霉素处理等打破休眠。10.简述园艺植物落花落果的时期及原因
答:第一次落果:在开花前后,以落蕾、落花为主,主要原因是花芽发育不良或开花前后环境条件恶劣。
第二次落果:在花后1~2周,主要原因是授粉受精不良。第三次落果:大约在花后4~6周,果实半大时,主要原因是没有足够养分供应果实的生长。第四次落果:也叫做采前落果,主要原因是自然灾害或栽培管理不当。11.远缘杂交的作用是什么?
答:远缘杂交的作用是:①提高园艺植物的抗性; ②提高园艺植物的品质;③创造园艺植物新类型; ④创造雄性不育新类型;⑤利用杂种优势。12.简述种质资源的类别及特点。答:种质资源的类别及特点如下: 1.本地品种资源
包括当前地方品种和主栽品种。当前主栽品种具有良好的经济性状和较广泛的适应性;地方品种适应性差,但往往具有某些罕见的特性。2.外地品种资源
引自不同地区和不同生态环境,遗传基础广泛,具有广泛的多样性。3.野生植物资源
具有广泛的适应性、抗病性和抗逆性。4.人工创造的植物资源
主要是指人工诱变的各种突变体、远缘杂交创造的各种新类型等,虽有一些缺陷,但也具有特长性状。
13.园艺植物的主要育种目标是什么? 答:主要育种目标是:①提高产量;②提高品质;③培育不同成熟期的品种;④对环境胁迫的适应性;⑤对病虫害的抗耐性;⑥对设施栽培的适应性。14.单株选择法及其优缺点。
答:定义:是个体选择与后代鉴定相结合的选择法,又称系普选择法或基因型选择法。是按选择标准从原始群体中选出一些优良单株,分别编号,分别留种,下一代单独种植一个小区形成株系(一个单株的后代),根据各株系的表现,鉴定各入选单株基因型优劣的选择方法。优点:①可根据当选植株后代的表现对当选植株进行遗传性优劣鉴定。消除环境影响,选择效率较高;
②株系间设有隔离,可加速性状的纯合与稳定; ③如果进行多次单株选择可定向累积变异,有可能选出超过原始群体内最优良单株的新品种。缺点:技术比较复杂,需专设试验圃地;一次所留种子数量有限,难以迅速应用于生产;特别对异花授粉植物而言,多代近亲交配易引起生活力退化。15.简述种质资源保存中种植保存和贮藏保存各自的优缺点。答:种植保存 优点:比较适合于多年生园艺植物,尤其是长期无性繁殖和基因型高度杂合的果树及观赏树木;
缺点:占用很多土地、人力和物力,而且增加了差错、混杂的机会,易造成原有遗传特性的改变。贮藏保存 优点:适合于以种子为繁殖材料的一二年生异花授粉和常异花授粉的园艺植物,特别是低温贮藏保存可以大大延长种质材料的贮藏时期,减少种植次数,也就减少了混杂的机会。缺点:贮藏保存时间的长短与植物种类及贮藏条件有关。16.种植园土壤管理中的清耕法有哪些缺点? 答:清耕法的缺点有:
①清耕园水土肥流失严重,尤其是有坡度的或沙荒地种植园;
②长期清耕,土壤有机质含量下降很快,土壤肥力对人工施肥依赖性很大; ③清耕园的土壤有坚硬的犁底层,土壤透水透气性很差,影响作物生长;
④清耕园无草化,生态条件不好,除了水土流失严重以外,还表现在地表温湿度昼夜和季节变化大、植物害虫的天敌种群数量少等方面; ⑤中耕除草,费劳力、劳动强度大、工效低。17.植物营养的形态诊断法有什么优点和缺点? 答:优点:形态诊断法是以植株生长发育的外观势态、症状来确定植物的营养状况,为植物初步判断营养状况提供依据,简便易行。
缺点:即当植物同时缺乏两种以上的营养元素时,很难确定哪种元素是最缺的,或哪种元素的缺乏是主要的、起决定作用的。
18.什么是绿色食品?绿色食品生产的特点有哪些?
答:绿色食品:绿色食品是遵循农业和食品业可持续发展原则,按照特定的生产方式、经过机构认定和许可使用“绿色食品”标志商标的食品。
特点:①良好的生产环境②产品质量的全程化控制③产品的标志化管理。19.为什么有些园艺植物必须轮作? 答:轮作是指同一田地里有顺序地在季节间或间轮换种植不同类型作物的方式,是克服连作弊端的最佳途径。有些园艺植物通过轮作,可以均衡地利用土壤养分和改善土壤理化性状、调节土壤肥力、减少病虫害、提高土地种植系数。20.压条育苗的方法,又分为哪些具体方法?
答:又分为:水平压条、连续地面压条和垂直压条。21.植物营养诊断有哪些方法?
答:植物营养诊断有:①形态诊断;②土壤分析诊断; ③叶分析法诊断;④实验室诊断; 22.简述连作的优缺点。
答:连作是指一年内或连续几年内在同一天地上种植同一种作物的种植方式。
优点:有利于充分利用同一块土地的气候、土壤等自然资源,大量种植生态适应性好、经济效益高的作物,没有倒茬的麻烦,产品单一,管理简便,栽培技术由于反复重复而易达到熟练。
缺点:连作后病虫害严重,土壤理化性状及肥力很快不良化,如土壤中某些营养元素变得很缺乏,而一些有害于植物生长和发育的物质积累,甚至达到“中毒”的程度,导致减产、降低产品品质,而且就会产生连作障碍。
23.土壤管理方法中,免耕法有哪些优缺点? 答:优点:
①不耕作或极少耕作,土壤无坚硬的犁底层,土壤结构不受破坏,较疏松; ②无杂草,作物间通风透光良好,田间管理作业方便;
③施用除草剂除草,可以机械化作业,或结合灌溉、植保作业进行,省工; 缺点:
①免耕园土壤有机质含量降低得快,土壤肥力完全靠人工施肥或休耕制; ②长期施用化学除草剂,特别是单一种类的除草剂,容易出现除草剂“胁迫现象”,即一些杂草少了,而另一些杂草可能更猖獗更难于控制了。另外,许多化学除草剂对园艺产品的品质和人的健康有不良或还不认识的影响。
24.沙荒地种植园,土壤改良的主要措施有哪些? 答:主要措施有:
①设置防风林网,防风固沙;
②发掘灌溉的水源,采用防止水土流失、节水保墒的灌溉制度; ③种植绿肥作物,采取保墒覆盖的措施; ④培土填淤,大量施用有机肥; ⑤施用土壤改良剂,如人工合成的高分子有机聚合物制剂、天然有机物制剂以及一些无机类制剂等。
25.芽接与枝接,各有什么优缺点?
答:芽接效率高,用量少,但受离皮的限制,嫁接时间短。枝接在什么时间都可以。但效率没有芽接效率高。在蔬菜、花卉等常用芽苗嫁接的方法。26.影响扦插育苗成活的内外部因素是什么? 答:内部因素:主要与种类、品种、枝龄、营养物质和生长调节物质有关。如:秋海棠叶插极易成活,苹果矮化砧中的M4和M26比其它材料更易成活。成龄枝(茎)比幼嫩枝(茎)扦插易成活。葡萄枝中的淀粉含量为6.3%的发根最好,3.5%的次之,1.7%最差。枝条中的氨基酸有促进生根的作用。不同种类的生长调节物质如:生长素、细胞分裂素都能促进发根,维生素B1是根系生长的必要物质。外部因素:主要与温度、湿度、土壤含水量、氧气浓度、光照等有关。发根要求一定的温度,提高地温是提高发根率的重要措施。一般要求发根土温为15~20℃。在生根过程中土壤含水量最好维持在田间最大含水量的65%~80%,保持一定氧气浓度,扦插期最好避免强光照射。
27.果树生产和蔬菜生产上,提高和改善果实品质的主要栽培技术有哪些? 答:主要栽培技术有:控制N肥量,多施有机肥,增施P、K肥,实施节水灌溉或完全旱作,栽植密度应适度,不能过密,枝叶量不能太多,保证光照好,采收及时等;植物保护,也很重要。
28.果树和多年生木本观赏植物,有哪些树形? 答:有以下树形:
①有中心干形:如苹果、梨、枣、柿、柑橘、枇杷、核桃等多用这一类形。
②多中心干形:如柑橘、李、杏等果树多用此类树形。这类树形幼树容易早结果。③开心形:如桃、樱桃等,适宜喜光性树种。
④篱壁形和棚架形:葡萄、猕猴桃用此树形。现代果树栽培中苹果、桃、柑橘、柿、梨、樱桃等也用篱壁形。
29.薄膜覆盖和秸秆覆盖这两种土壤管理的覆盖法,有什么功能上的相同和不同处? 答:薄膜覆盖:地表增温快,便于早春作物促成栽培和晚秋作物的延后栽培,缺点是地力消耗快,且那些只覆盖地面、不覆盖作物的(如果树),早春因根系活动早,地上部分早萌动,容易受晚霜的危害。
秸秆覆盖:增加土壤有机质含量,改土和提高土壤肥力方面效果显著,覆盖后便于人工和机械在降雨或灌溉后的及时作业,提高作业质量和效率。但很费工,且延缓早春地温的提高,往往不利的方面多,如延迟作物幼苗生长、延缓萌芽开花等。30.以苹果为例,说明获得无病毒苗木途径中的热处理法。
答:可以采用恒温处理或变温处理。处理的材料可以是植株,也可以是接穗。如苹果的恒温处理,是将需要处理的苗移入37-38℃恒温器中处理28-30天,相对湿度保持在80%-95%,然后切取3-5cm以上新梢的0.6-1cm顶端,嫁接繁殖。变温处理,如苹果是在38℃恒温器中处理2周,再放入46℃恒温器中处理,每天8小时,7周,最后放在50℃暖气中,每天2小时,放3天。
第四篇:高三复习资料
第一章 冠词
1._____ useful book is helpful to _____ artist.A.An,an B.A,a C.A,an D.An,a 译文:一本有用的书对艺术家很有帮助。
2.She likes to play ____ piano, but he likes to play _____ basketball.A.the,the B.a,/ C./,the D.the,/ 译文:她喜欢弹钢琴,但是他喜欢打篮球。
3.He often has _____ breakfast at 7:00 in _____ hurry.A.a,a B.a,/ C./,a D./,/ 译文:他经常在早上7:00钟匆匆忙忙地吃早饭。
4._____ United Kingdom is in _____ Europe.A.The,/ B.The,the C./,/ D./,the 译文:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国在欧洲。
5.The brave old woman seized a thief by _____ hand.A.a B.the C./ D.some 译文:那位勇敢的老妇人抓住了小偷的手。
6.By ____ way, when do you plan to go to _____ bed? A./,the B.the,/ C./,/ D.the ,the 译文:顺便问一下,你打算什么时候上床睡觉? 7.Last summer, we spent our holiday by ______ sea.We went there by _____ sea.A.the,/ B.the,the C./,the D./,/ 译文:上个夏天,我们在海边度假,我们是坐船去的。
8.Comrade Li is _____ chairman of the trade union of our department.A.the B.a C./ D.one 译文:李同志是我们系的工会主席。
9._____ from London to Liverpool!A.How long there is B.What a long way it is C.What distance is there D.How long is 译文:从伦敦到利物浦可真远呀!10.People dream of walking in _____ like astronauts one day.A.space B.spaces C.a space D.the space 译文:人们梦想有一天能像宇航员那样在太空中行走。
11._____ singer and _____ dancer has accepted the invitation.A.A, a B.The, the C.A, the D.The, / 译文:这位既是歌唱家又是舞蹈家的人接受了邀请。
12.They are learning _____ chemistry, _____ physics, but he likes learning _____ history of China.A./, the, / B.the, /, / C.the, /, / D./,/ ,the 译文:他们正在学习物理和化学,但是他喜欢学习中国历史。
13.Electricity is _____ most important energy.I think it is _____ most useful energy in the world.A.a,the B.the, a C.the, the D.a, a 译文:电力是一种重要的能源。我认为它是世界上最有用的能源。
答案:1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.D 13.A
第二章 名词
1.What wonderful _____ we live in!A.time B.times C.the time D.a time 译文:我们生活在一个多么精彩的年代呀!2._____ is a branch of _____ ,and it treats of lights.A.Optics(光学), physical B.Optic, physics C.Optics, physics D.Optic, physical 译文:光学是物理学的一个分支,它是讨论光的科学。
3.He gave us much good _____.Some _____ has already been made.A.advices, progress B.advice, progresses C.advice, progress D.advices, progresses 译文: 他给了我们许多建议,我们已经取得了一些进步。
4.His _____ dark blue.A.trousers is B.trousers are C.trouser is D.trouser are 译文:他的裤子是深蓝色的。
5.The Chinese _____ friendly to every foreign friend.A.are B.is C.has D.have 译文:中国人民对每一位外国朋友都很友好。
6.She has a few white _____.A.hairs B.hair C.any hair D.some hair 译文:她有几根白头发。
7.The _____ are dressed in variety of ways.A.audiences B.audience C.any audience D.some audiences 译文:观众穿着各式各样的服装。
8.How many _____ is it from here to there? A.foot B.feet C.foots D.mile 译文:从这里到那里有多少英尺? 9.She broke a _____ while she was washing up.A.glass wine B.wine glass C.glass of wine D.glass for wine 译文:当她洗东西的时候,打碎了一个酒杯。
10.The discovery ______ Columbus was quite an event in the world.A.in B.for C.of D.to 译文:哥伦布的发现是世界上一件相当有影响力的一件事。
11.That is ______.A.James and Mary father B.James and Mary's father C.James's and Mary's father D.James's and Mary father 译文:那是吉姆斯和玛丽的父亲。
12.Only last week I called at _____.A.my aunt B.my aunts' C.my aunt's D.mine aunt 译文:只有上个星期,我去了我姑姑家。
13.This post card is sent by _____.A.a friend of my father B.a friend of my father's C.my father friend D.my father friend's 译文:这张卡片是我父亲的一个朋友寄的。
14.The guard fired by _____.A.a hair's breadth B.a short head C.a long nose D.a long shot 译文:千钧一发之际,警卫开火了。
答案:1.B 2.C 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.B 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A
第三章 代词
1.We found _____ very difficult for the children to understand what the chairman said at the meeting.A.that B.this C.it D.its 译文:我们发现,对孩子们来说,要理解主席在会上的发言是非常困难的。
2.They invited the three of us,_____.A.Bob, Joe, and I B.I, Bob, and Joe C.Bob, Joe, and me D.me, Bob, and Joe 译文:他们邀请了我们中的三个人,我,鲍勃和乔。
3.I took him to be _____.A.her B.she C.they D.them 译文:我把他当成她了。
4.My sister is three years younger than _____.A.me B.I C.my D.myself 译文:我妹妹比我小三岁。
5.The police hid _____ behind the building.A.himself B.themselves C.herself D.themself 译文:警察们藏身在那栋建筑之后。
6.Of the three men, one is from Paris, and _____ are from London.A.other two B.the other two C.two others D.others 译文:这三个人中一个来自巴黎,另两个来自伦敦。
7.Neither the boy nor his brother _____ what _____ talked about before.A.got…they B.gets…he C.got…he D.gets…they
译文:这个男孩和他的哥哥都没有得到他们以前所谈论的东西。
8.Each boy and girl in the class _____ very hard.A.had studied B.study C.studying D.studies 译文:这个班上每个男生和女生学习都非常努力。
9.The moon has risen._____ looks very beautiful.A.She B.He C.It D.They 译文:月亮升起来了,它看上去很美。
10.Did he finish the homework all _____.A.by himself B.by him C.by his D.itself 译文:他是自己独立完成作业的吗? 11.The days in summer are longer than _____ in winter.A.that B.one C.those D.these 译文:夏天的白天比冬天的长。
12._____ of them can help you.A.Some B.Any C.Much D.Something 译文:他们中任一个人都能帮你。
13.All is well _____ ends well.A.this B.that C.which D.what 译文:结果好就一切都好。
14._____ is the house _____ I love very much.A.It…what B.It…that C.That…what D.That…that
译文:这就是我很喜欢的房子。
15.Who is the man _____ is sitting by her side? A.who B.that C.which D.what 译文:坐在她身边的人是谁? 16.There are 3000 workers in the factory , most of _____ are women.A.who B.whom C.whose D.that 译文:厂里有3000名工人,其中大多数是女生。
17.She was beside _____ with joy.A.her B.herself C.she D.hers 译文:她欣喜若狂。
18.Such houses _____ he saw are both dirty and expensive.A.that B.this C.it D.as 译文:他见到的那种房子又脏又贵。
19.All ____ possibilities must be considered.A.so B.such C.this D.its 译文:所有种种可能性都必须考虑到。
20._____ men have rooms.A.Every B.All C.Both D.Each 译文:大家都有房子。
21.There're two apples here.You and Jack _____ won one.A.each B.both C.every D.all 译文:这儿有两个苹果。你和杰克一人一个。
22.“Did you go on many of the club's ski trips this year?” “No, _____.” A.little at all B.not much C.quite less D.very few 译文:“今年你参加了很多次俱乐部的滑雪活动吗?”“不,基本上没有。”
23._____ must try one's best to serve the people.A.One B.That C.It D.What 译文:一个人要尽全力来为人民服务。
24.Have _____ cup of tea? A.other B.another C.others D.the other 译文:再来一杯吗? 25.Everybody _____ they have a right to be here.A.thinks B.thinking C.think D.thought 译文:每个人都认为他们有权待在这里。26.He thought he was _____, but really he was _____.A.somebody…anybody B.somebody…nobody C.anybody…nobody D.anybody…somebody
译文:他以为自己很了不起,实际上他是个无用之辈。
27.It is shaped _____ like a ball.A.something B.anything C.some D.as 译文:那东西有些像球。
答案:1.C 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.A 11.C 12.B 13.B 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.D 19.B 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.A 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.A 第四章 数词
1.There are about _____ people in the park on National Day.A.three hundred B.three hundreds C.three hundred of D.three hundred more 译文: 国庆节有大约三百人去了公园。
2.Flight Nineteen from New York is now arriving at _____.A.Gate two B.the gate two C.the two gate D.second gate 译文: 从纽约飞来的19次航班现在到达第二门。
3.This big steel plant has _____ workers.A.a thousand of B.thousand C.thousands D.thousands of 译文:这家大型钢铁厂有成千上万的工人。
4.The homework for today is to write _____ about your hometown.A.a five-hundred-word composition B.a five-hundred-words composition C.a five-hundreds-word composition D.a five-hundreds-words composition 译文:今天的家庭作业是写一篇500字左右介绍你家乡的作文。
5.Some _____ the population of the town are peasants.A.seventy percent B.seventy percent of C.percent seventy D.seventy percents of 译文:这个小城百分之七十的人都是农民。
6.He has spent a large _____ of money in his new house.A.deal B.amount C.number D.piece 译文:他在新家上花了不少钱。
7._____ teachers came to our party.A.A number of B.The number C.An amount D.The amount 译文:许多老师参加了我们的晚会。
8.I visited Shengli Oil Field _____.A.in the spring 1991 B.spring 1991 C.the spring , 1991 D.in the spring of 1991 译文:我是1991年春天参观的胜利油田。
答案:1.A 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D
第五章 介词
1.He wants to know something _____ the training machine.A.at B.by C.about D.to 译文:他想知道一些有关培训机器的事情。
2.Swimmers from time to time keep their heads _____ the water.A.on B.above C.below D.down 译文:游泳的人不时地把头露出水面。
3.A bridge was laid _____ the river.A.through B.over C.across D.cross 译文:河上修了一座大桥。
4.We will discuss the lecture _____ lunch.A.for B.after C.in D.with 译文:我们将要在午饭后讨论报告的问题。
5.She was dozing with her back _____ the chair.A.against B.on C.at D.near 译文:她背靠在椅子上打盹。
6.The road runs _____ the river.A.around B.through C.at D.along 译文:这条路沿着这条河。
7.We will be _____ home tomorrow if you'd like to call.A.in B.in the C.at D.at the 译文:你如果想打电话的话,我们明天在家。
8.I will meet you again _____ the weekend.A.by B.on C.for D.at 译文:我这个周末还能见到你。
9.John may win the first prize.He has started _____ the speed of 80 miles.A.at B.of C.on D.in 译文:约翰可能会得第一名,他的速度已经是80里了。
10._____ its cost, the plan is a good one.A.Aside B.Apart C.Apart from D.For 译文:除了成本之外,这个计划还是很好的。
11.The term ends _____ July.A.on B.before C.between D.at 译文:学期七月之前结束。
12._____ English, he knows French and German.A.Beside B.Besides C.Except D.Except that 译文:除了英语,他还会说法语和德语。
13.We usually have sports _____ 4 o'clock and 5 o'clock in the afternoon.A.among B.in C.for D.between 译文:我们通常在下午四点到五点进行体育锻炼。
14.The house lies _____ the woods.A.beyond B.at C.besides D.on 译文:这栋房子在森林的那一边。15.I came here _____ Tom's car, not _____ sea.A.by, by B.in, on C.in, by D.in, at 译文:我是坐汤姆的车来的,不是坐船来的。
16.He has not been teaching here _____ ten years.A.in B.for C.with D.beyond 译文:他已经十年没有教过书了。
17.“I haven't seen Mary these days.” “She has been absent _____ school for two weeks.” A.to B.in C.at D.from 译文:“我好几天没见到玛丽了。”“她已经两个礼拜没来上学了。”
18.Come and see me _____ two day's time.A.for B.after C.in D.during 译文:两天后来看我吧。
19.Should typing be introduced _____ the curriculum? A.into B.for C.by D.with 译文:打字课能加到课程里去吗? 20.Spending the money, he felt _____.A.as if a wealthy man B.as though a wealthy man C.as a man of wealthy D.like a wealthy man 译文:花着这些钱,他感觉好像一个富人。
21.“Will Eddie use his brother's bicycle?” “No, he wants one _____.” A.for him B.of his own C.his alone D.only of himself 译文:“埃迪用他哥哥的自行车吗?”“不,他想有一辆自己的。”
22.She got _____ the bus when it reached the stop.A.off B.of C.in D.at 译文:当汽车到站的时候,她下车了。
23.It happened _____ the morning of the 4th.A.at B.on C.in D.from 译文:这件事发生在4号的早上。
24.It has been _____ a year since we last heard from him.A.for B.before C.over D.after 译文:距离上次我们收到他的来信已经一年多了。
25.The teacher is very good _____ the children A.to B.at C.for D.with 译文:老师对孩子们特别的好。
26.She is _____ treatment at the hospital.A.to B.as C.for D.under 译文:她正在医院接受治疗。
27.The children are gazing at the squirrel _____ the tree.A.on B.at C.from D.up 译文:这个孩子盯着树上一只向上爬的松鼠。
28._____ all the representatives still not there, the meeting was postponed for several months.A.Without B.With C.By D.Because 译文:因为有代表缺席,所以会议被延后几个月举行。
29.She left the classroom _____ saying a word.A.that B.not C.for D.without 译文:她没说一句话离开了教室。
30.His death was _____ heart disease.A.for B.due to C.in D.on 译文:他死于心脏病。
31.He improved his spoken English _____.A.by the way B.on the way C.by the means D.in a way 译文:他通过这种方式提高了他的口语水平。
32.The judge set out together with them _____ the lost animal.A.in search for B.in a search of C.in search of D.looked for 译文:那个法官跟他们一起出发去找那头失踪的骆驼了。
答案:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.D 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.D 27.D 28.B 29.D 30.B 31.C 32.C
第六章 形容词和副词
1.There is a _____ cup on the table.A.nice new big B.new big nice C.nice big new D.new nice big 译文: 桌上有一只又大又漂亮的新杯子。
2.______ can get it.A.Intelligent anyone B.Anyone intelligent C.Someone intelligent D.Intelligent someone 译文: 任何一个聪明人都能明白。
3.You often study _____.A.very hard this term here B.here very hard this term C.very hard here this term D.this term very hard here 译文: 这学期你在这里常常很用功。
4.He is _____ to do this job.A.so young B.too young C.such young D.very young 译文: 他太年轻了,做不了这项工作。
5.They _____.A.a little helped me B.helped me a little C.helped a little me D.helped me little 译文: 他们帮了我一把。
6.He has never again written _____ as his first one.A.so good a book B.so a good book C.a good book so D.a so good book 译文: 他再也没有写过一本像第一本那样的好书。
7.You can not praise the play _____ highly.A.so B.such C.too D.rather 译文: 这出戏你无论怎么赞扬都不过分。8.He is rich,_____ he is not happy.A.still B.so C.that D.and 译文: 他很富有,可是他并不快乐。
9.I'm afraid that your shoes _____ traveling..A.unfit for B.was unfitted for C.are unfit for D.are unfit 译文: 他们声称这所房屋不宜居住。
10._____ no one took a rest.A.Nearly B.Hardly C.Scarcely D.Almost 译文: 几乎没有人休息。
11.His father is very busy, so he is _____ not at home on Sundays.A.hardly B.mostly C.almost D.most 译文: 他的父亲很忙,所以星期天几乎都不在家。
12.American is an _____ country.A.speaking-English B.English-speaking C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 译文: 美国是个说英语的国家。
13.“How do you feel this film?” “Oh, I've never seen a _____ film as wonderful as that.” A.more moved B.most moving C.more moving D.most moved 译文: “你觉得这部电影怎么样?”“哦,我从没看过这么精彩的电影。”
14.They moved away from Beijing.They don't live there _____.A.again B.any longer C.once more D.either 译文: 他们搬离北京了。他们现在不住在那里了。
15.He is very clever.And he is _____ that girl.A.no more than B.not more than C.no less than D.not less than 译文: 他很聪明。他不像那个女孩那么笨。
16.We are _____ glad to hear the good news.A.no more than B.more than C.not more than D.less than 译文: 我们听到这一好消息,感到非常高兴。
17.He came all the way to China for promoting friendship _____ for making money A.other than B.more than C.better than D.rather than 译文: 他千方百计的去了中国,更多的是为了升级友谊而不是为了赚钱。
18._____ in Form 3 is the cleverest.A.Smallest boy B.Smallest of boy C.The smallest boy D.The smallest of the boys 译文: 第三组中那个最小的男孩是最聪明的。
19._____ in the class is very naughty.A.The biggest of the boys B.Biggest of the boy C.The biggest in the boys D.Biggest in the boys 译文: 这些男孩中最大的那个很顽皮。
20.Kansas is _____ states in America's mid-west.A.one of the flattest B.the flattest C.as flatter as D.flattest of the 译文: Kansas州是美国最平坦的州之一。21.My _____ sister is a college student.She is two years _____ than I.A.older…elder B.elder…older C.elder…elder D.older…older
译文: 我姐姐是个大学生。她比我大两岁。
22.The sky was overcast, it looked _____.A.liked rain B.like raining C.liked raining D.like rain 译文: 天气很阴暗,看上去像是要下雨了。
23.China will be a _____ country in the middle of this century.A.high-developing B.high-developed C.highly-develop D.highly-developed 译文: 中国在这个世纪的中叶将成为高度发达的国家。
24.“_____ to deliver this letter to the secretary?” A.Would you be so kind B.Would you be as kind C.Would you be as kind as D.Would you be so kind as 译文: 你能把这封信交给秘书吗? 25.How long ago _____ in London? A.did he arrive B.does he arrive C.could he arrive D.has he arrive 译文: 你多久前来过伦敦? 26.The dog is still wet.It _____ out of the rain.A.only just comes B.has only just coming C.was only just come D.has only just come 译文: 这只狗的全身都湿了。它刚刚从雨中跑回来。
27._____ never cared much for Dickens.A.It is strangely enough that I have B.Strange enough, I had C.Strangely enough, I have D.Strangely enough, I had 译文: 很奇怪的是,我从来没有留意过狄更斯。
28.Many people cannot swim, I _____.A.can either B.can't either C.can not too D.can too 译文: 很多人不会游泳,我也不会。
29.Are you _____ tired? A.none B.very C.much D.many 译文: 你很累了吗? 30.This is _____ opportunity to be lost.A.too good B.too a good C.too good an D.a too good 译文: 这是一个不容错过的良机。
31._____ he was only an hour late;don't be so upset.A.All after B.Always after C.Afterward D.After all 译文: 毕竟他只晚了一个小时,别那么不耐烦。
答案:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.D 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.A 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.D 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.B 30.C 31.D
第七章 简单句 1.“_____ is your brother?” “He is a teacher.” A.Who B.Which C.How D.What 译文:“你哥哥是干什么工作的?”“他是一名教师。”
2.“_____ is the weather like today?” “It is cloudy.” A.What B.How C.Which D.Why 译文:“今天天气怎么样?”“多云。”
3.“_____ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.” A.How many B.What color C.What number D.What size 译文:“你穿多大号的鞋?”“42号。”
4._____ is the population of this country? A.How much B.How many C.What D.How 译文:这个国家的人口是多少? 5._____ is the distance between Beijing and Shanghai? A.How far B.How C.What D.What about 译文:北京到上海之间有多远? 6._____ is your pencil-box? A.What color B.How color C.It's color D.Which color 译文:你的文具盒是什么颜色的? 7.“How _____ do you go to your aunt's?” “Once a month.” A.long B.far C.often D.soon 译文:“你多长时间去探望你的姑妈一次?”“一个月一次。”
8.“Would you rather go there by train or by bus?” “_____.” A.Yes, I would B.No, I wouldn't C.Yes, by bus D.By bus 译文:“你是想坐火车还是公共汽车?”“坐公共汽车。”
答案:1.D 2.A 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.C 8.D
第八章 祈使句
1._____ your eyes before you enter the room.A.Close B.Closed C.To close D.Closing 译文:进入这间房间前闭上眼睛。
2._____ sit so near to the TV set.A.Not B.Not to C.Don't D.Be not 译文:别坐在离电视机那么近的地方。
3.Let's _____ out for a walk.A.not to go B.not go C.don't go D.go not 译文:我们别出去散步了。
答案:1.A 2.C 3.B
第九章 感叹句 1._____ difficult problem they have solved!A.What an B.What a C.How a D.How an 译文:他们解决了一个多么难的问题呀!2._____ the city is!A.Beautiful B.Beautifully C.How beautiful D.A beautiful 译文:这座城市真漂亮!3._____ city Harbin is!A.How beautiful a B.What beautiful C.What beautiful a D.How a beautiful 译文:哈尔滨是多漂亮的一座城市呀!答案:1.B 2.C 3.A
第十章 反意问句
1.Comrade Li is a Party member, _____? A.is he B.isn't he C.is not he D.doesn't he 译文:李同志是一名党员,不是吗? 2.It seldom snows in Kunming, _____? A.isn't it B.does it C.doesn't D.is it 译文:昆明很少下雪,是吗? 3.“They aren't reading now, are they?” “_____.” A.Yes, they are not B.No, they were C.Yes, they are D.They aren't 译文:“他们没有在读书,是吗?”“不,他们在读书。”
4.You haven't forgotten what the teacher asked us to do for homework, _____? A.didn't you B.have you C.did he D.haven't you 译文:你没有忘记老师告诉我们怎么做家庭作业,是吗? 5.He had a wonderful supper last night, _____? A.did he B.had he C.hadn't he D.didn't he 译文:他昨晚吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐,不是吗? 6.Nothing has gone wrong, _____? A.has this B.has it C.did it D.does it 译文:没有什么出错,是吗? 7.The girl dare not stay in this room alone, ____? A.dare she B.dare not she C.does she D.doesn't he 译文:这个女孩不敢一个人呆在屋子里,是吗? 8.I ought to post these letters now, _____? A.ought I B.oughtn't I C.shall I D.can I 译文:我现在应该把这些信寄了,不是吗? 9.We'd better get doing, _____? A.wouldn't we B.hadn't we C.shouldn't we D.shan't we 译文:我们最好开始干了,不是吗? 10.I wish to come tomorrow, _____? A.may I B.would I C.can I D.have I 译文:我希望明天来,好吗? 11.What a fine day, _____? A.isn't it B.is it C.isn't she D.is she 译文:天气真好呀,不是吗? 12.Carry this heavy box for me, _____? A.can't you B.shan't you C.wont' you D.don't you 译文:帮我抬一下这个重盒子,好吗? 13.She can't be a college student, _____? A.can she B.is she C.can't she D.isn't she 译文:她不可能是一名大学生,是吗? 14.What you said is very important, _____? A.don't you B.doesn't you C.are you D.isn't it 译文:你说的话非常重要,对吧? 答案:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D
第十二章 It 句型
1.Our team won the match.Have you heard about _____? A.this B.that C.it D.them 译文:我们队赢得了比赛。你听说这个消息了吗? 2._____ will take you a long time to do this job.A.That B.This C.It D.Its 译文:做这项工作要花费很长的一段时间。
3.I found ____ to know her.A.that difficult B.it difficult C.that difficulty D.it difficulty 译文:我发现很难去了解她。
4.What _____ you want me to do? A.it is B.that C.is this D.is it that 译文:你到底想要我做些什么? 答案:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.D
第十三章 并列连词
1.He made a mistake _____ a big one.A.or B.and C.but D.nor 译文:他犯了个错误,而且是个大错误。
2.We must get rid of carelessness, _____ it often leads to errors.A.and B.for C.but D.thus 译文:我们一定要克服粗心大意,因为粗心常常导致出错。
3.The elephant isn't like a wall, _____ a spear.A.and B.so C.or D.nor 译文:大象既不像一堵墙,也不像一支矛。
4.It looked like rain yesterday._____, it is clear this morning.A.Otherwise B.Or C.But D.However 译文:昨天看上去好像要下雨。然而今天早上天晴了。
5.I was wandering through the streets _____ I caught sight of a tailor's shop.A.when B.while C.as D.as soon as 译文:我正在街上闲逛,突然看见一家裁缝店。
6.You like sports _____ I'd like to read.A.when B.while C.but D.yet 译文:你喜欢运动,而我喜欢读书。
7.He _____ his students went to visit the Great Wall.A.as well B.as well as C.altogether D.together 译文:他和学生们一起参观了长城。
8.Don't stand by the gate, _____ you come in _____ you go out to play.A.either…or B.neither…nor C.not only…but also D.not…but
译文:别站在门口,要不进来,要不出去玩。
9._____ does he write well, _____ he speaks well.A.Not…but B.Neither…nor C.Either…or D.Not only…but also
译文:他不但写得好,而且说得也好。
10._____ many times, but he still made the same mistake.A.Having been told B.He had been told C.Being told D.Though he had been told 译文:大家已经说过他好多次了,他还是犯同样的错误。
11.We want _____ high speed _____ good quality.A.both…and B.either…or C.neither…nor D.not only…but also
译文:我们既要高速度,又要高质量。
答案:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A
第十四章 主谓一致
1.Every _____ been tried but without much result.A.means have B.means has C.mean has D.mean have 译文:各种办法都试过了,可是没有多大的效果。
2.All that can be eaten _____ eaten up.A.have been B.had been C.has been D.are being 译文:所有能吃的东西都吃光了。
3.Many a student _____ that mistake before.A.had made B.has been made C.have made D.has made 译文:不止一个学生犯过这个错误。
4.The students in our school each _____ an English dictionary.A.are having B.had C.has D.have 译文:我们学校的学生人手一本英语字典。
5.Neither he nor I _____ for the plan.A.were B.is C.are D.am 译文:他没有这个打算,我也没有。6.A singer and dancer _____ our evening.A.attends B.attend C.attending D.had attended 译文:一位歌手兼舞蹈家参加了我们的晚会。
7.Between the two buildings _____ a monument.A.is standing B.standing C.stands D.stand 译文:两楼之间耸立着一座纪念碑。
8.The police _____ a prisoner.A.is searching for B.are searching for C.is searching D.has searching for 译文:警察正在搜寻逃犯。
9.Much of this data _____ conclusive.A.are B.is C.have been D.has been 译文:这个数据中的大部分是决定性的。
10.Half of the apples _____ bad.A.go B.goes C.is gone D.has gone 译文:有一半的苹果坏了。
11.No one except Jack and Tom _____ the answer.A.know B.knows C.is knowing D.are known 译文:除了杰克和汤姆,没有人知道答案。
12.The number of the people who _____ cars _____ increasing.A.owns…are B.owns…is C.own…is D.own…are
译文:拥有车的人的数量正在逐渐增加。
13.The rest of the novel _____ very interesting.A.were B.are C.is D.seem 译文:这本小说的余下部分非常有趣。
14.The sick _____ good care of in the hospital.A.is taken B.are being taken C.are taking D.is being taken 译文:病人在这家医院得到了很好的照顾。
15.The pair of shoes _____ worn out A.was B.were C.have been D.had been 译文:这双鞋破了。
16.Fifteen minus three ____ twelve.A.makes B.make C.is making D.are making 译文:15减3等于12。
17.Laying eggs _____ the ant queen's full-time job.A.is B.are C.has D.have 译文:产卵是蚁后的全职工作。
18.Ten thousands dollars ______ a large sum of money.A.are B.is C.were D.seem 译文:两千美元是一笔很大的数目。
19.When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.A.has not decided B.is not decided C.are not decided D.have not decided 译文:何时何地修建这座新工厂还没有决定下来。
20.There _____ two different forms of the same thing.A.is B.have C.are D.has 译文:这些是同一事物的两种不同的形式。
21.The tales of Shakespeare ______ written by Charles Lamb.A.has B.have C.were D.was 译文:莎士比亚故事是由查尔斯·兰姆所写。
22.No teacher and no student ____ admitted.A.are B.were C.is D.has 译文:没有老师也没有学生允许进入。
答案:1.B 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.D 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.A 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C 21.D 22.C
第十六章 复合句
主语从句
1.It doesn't matter _____ I rest or not.A.if B.whether C.that D.when 译文:我是否休息了并不要紧。
2._____ the scientist will give us a lecture next week is true.A.Where B.When C.That D.Who 译文:科学家将给我们作报告的事是真的。
3._____ nothing to do with us.A.What he did is B.What he has done C.What did he do D.What he has done has 译文:他做了什么与我们无关。
4.It is unknown _____ did the job.A.whoever B.who C.whether D.how 译文:不清楚这活是谁干的。
5._____ the little baby goes or stays at home is nothing to do with me.A.If B.When C.That D.Whether 译文:这个小婴孩是去还是留在家里与我无关。
答案:1.B 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.D 宾语从句
1.She wanted to know _____.A.whether I knew her and where she worked B.if I knew her and the factory she worked there C.whether I knew her and the factory she worked D.if I knew her and the factory where she worked 译文:她想知道我是否认识她和她工作的工厂。
2.Finding _____ it was written in Chinese, which Tom didn't understand at all, he put it in his pocket.A.how B.what C.for D.that 译文:汤姆发现那本书是用中文写的,中文他一点不懂,他把它放进了口袋里。
3.I'm sure _____ he has gone to Beijing.A.for B.as C.that D.since 译文:我确信他去了北京。
4.Can you tell me _____ the railway station? A.how I can get to B.how can I get to C.where I can get to D.what is she getting along 译文:你能告诉我该怎么去火车站吗? 5.Computers can only give out _____ has been stored in them.A.that B.which C.what D.anything 译文:计算机只能提供贮存在里面的信息。
6.He always thinks _____ he can do more for the people.A.of how B.how C.of that D.why 译文:他总在考虑怎样为人民做的更多。
7.I wonder _____ these shoes cost.A.how much B.how many C.how long D.how often 译文:我想知道这些鞋子值多少钱。
8.Everything depends on _____ we have enough money.A.whether B.if C.that D.why 译文:一切都取决于我们是否有足够的钱。
9.We think it certain _____ he will pass the exam.A.whether B.what C.that D.which 译文:我们确信他能通过考试。
答案:1.C 2.D 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.C 同位语从句
1.The fact _____ he is an orphan is well know.A.what B.that C.when D./ 译文:他是孤儿的事实众所周知。
2.They just discussed the question _____ he would go or not.A.that B.whether C.if D.which 译文:他们刚刚讨论了他应不应该去的问题。
答案:1.B 2.B 表语从句
1.The problem is _____ will go.A.that B.that who C.who D.whoever 译文:问题是谁去呢。
2.He raised his hand _____ he would take off his hat.A.like B.appear C.as if D.even though 译文:他举起他的手,仿佛要摘掉他的帽子。
3.The reason I plan to go is _____ if I don't.A.because she will be disappointed B.that she will be disappointed C.because she will have a disappointment D.on account of she will be disappointed 译文:我打算去是因为如果我不去,她会失望的。
答案:1.C 2.C 3.B what从句 1.We found _____ difficult to understand.A.what he said B.which he said C.that he said D.where he said 译文:我发现他的话很难理解。
2.I am pleased with ____ you have given me and _____ you have told me.A.all what…that B.which…about whatever C.what…all that D.what…that
译文:我很满意你给我的东西和跟我谈的事情。
3.Mather asked _____.A.what was the wrong B.what the matter was C.what matte was D.what was the matter 译文:妈妈问我出什么事了。
4.Do you know _____ medicine he has just taken? A.which B.what C.that D.whose 译文:你知道他刚才吃的是什么药吗? 5._____ I have will be yours sooner or later.A.No matter what B.No matter whatever C.Whatever D.That 译文:我所有的东西迟早都是你的。
答案:1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.C
第十七章 定语从句
1.The boy _____ told you the news just now is our monitor.A.who B.whose C.which D.he 译文:刚才告诉你这条新闻的男孩是我们的班长。
2.There are a lot of poor babies _____ the students plan to help.A.who B.whose C.whom D.which 译文:这里有许多学生们打算援助的穷孩子。
3.The old man _____ was found by the police.A.you were looking for him B.who you were looking for C.you were looking for D.whom you were looking 译文:你们要找的那位老人被警察找到了。
4.The boy didn't know the pronunciation of the word _____ the teacher asked him.A./ B.who C.in which D.which 译文:那个男孩根本就不知道老师问他的那个单词的发音。
5.The factory _____ I visited is a radio factory.A.in which B.to which C.which D.where 译文:我参观的那家工厂是一座收音机厂。
6.I'll remember those days _____ we spent together.A.when B.in which C.in that D.which 译文:我会永远记住我们在一起的这段日子。
7.Mrs.Nolan will move into her new house next Monday, _____ it will be completely furnished.A.by which time B.by that time C.by this time D.by the time 译文:罗兰夫人下星期一要搬到她的新家去了,在那个时间之前,装修已经完成了。
8.There is no dictionary _____ you can find this word.A.in it B.in which C.in that D.where 译文:没有字典能找到这个词。
9.The citizens, _____, welcomed the new mayor.A.most of them were workers B.most of whom were workers C.most of whose were workers D.most of who were workers 译文:市民们,大多数是工人,欢迎新市长。
10.You can read any book _____ is in the book shop.A.which B.where C.that D.in which 译文:你可以在这间书店里随便读书。
11.He wants to know the exact time _____ the train starts.A.that B.where C.which D.what 译文:他想知道火车开动的具体时间。
12.Don't talk about such things _____ you do not understand.A.that B.which C.as D.those 译文:不要谈论你根本不懂的事情。
13.She is reading the same book _____ she read in the book shop yesterday.A.that B.what C.which D.where 译文:她现在读的那本书正是昨天她在书店里看的那本书。
14.She finished the work, _____ we expected.A.that B.when C.as D.which 译文:正如我们所料的那样,她完成了这项工作。
15._____ we know, there is less of rain in Beijing in spring.A.As well as B.So long as C.So far as D.So far 译文:正如我们知道的那样,北京的春天少雨。
16._____, Taiwan is a part of China.A.As is well known B.It is well known C.As we all know that D.We all know 译文:众所周知,台湾是中国领土的一部分。
17.Tom is very lucky _____ girlfriend is very beautiful.A.which B.of which C.whose D.that 译文:汤姆非常幸运,他的女朋友很漂亮。
18.Bamboo grows well _____ it is warm and wet all the year A.in the place B.in the place where C.the place where D.in which 译文:竹子在一年四季温暖、潮湿的地方生长的很好。
19.I often remember the days _____ I lived in the countryside.A.which B.when C.where D.that 译文:我经常想起住在农村的那段时光。
20.The reason _____ she became mad is that she failed in business.A.that B.which C.why D.in which 译文:她发疯的原因是因为她生意失败。
21.You should change the way _____ you talk to your father.A.which B.by which C.in that D./ 译文:你应该改变跟你父亲说话的方式。
22.Is this book _____ he borrowed from you the other day? A.that B.one C.which D.the one 译文:这本书是那天他从你这里借走的那本吗? 23.The young people who _____ my neighbors usually help me to do some physical labors.A.is B.am C.are D.will be 译文:这些年轻小伙子是我的邻居,他们经常帮助我干一些体力活。
24.Mr.Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils, except _____ who had already taken them.A.these B.ones C.the ones D.the others 译文:除了那些已经拿了课本的学生,张老师把课本发给了所有的学生。
25.The sun heats the earth, _____ is very important to living things.A.that B.what C.where D.which 译文:太阳使大地热起来,这对于生物很重要。
26._____ gets the job will have a lot of work to do.A.Who B.Someone C.Whoever D.Anyone 译文:无论是谁接受了这项工作,都会有很多工作去做。
27.He has made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great use.A.which I suppose are B.that I suppose it is C.I suppose which is D.which I suppose is 译文:他又有了一项重大的发现,我认为它一定很有用。
答案:1.A 2.C 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.D 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.D
第十八章 倒装句
1._____ a bridge across the river.A.Stands there B.There stands C.Here stands D.Stand here 译文:河上有一座桥。
2.Now _____your turn to keep guard.A.there is B.is going C.comes D.has come 译文:现在轮到你来值班了。
3.Often _____ I heard it said that he is diligent and honest.A.did B.have C.does D.has 译文:我经常听说他很聪明和诚实。
4.Not a moment _____.A.she wasted B.has she waste C.does she wasted D.did she waste 译文:她从不浪费时间。
5.Little _____ expect such enthusiasm from so many many.A.I did B.I have C.did I D.I 译文:我从未想到那么多人有热情。
6._____, he often helps his classmates with their studies.A.As he is busy B.Busy as he is C.As busy is he D.Busy although he is 译文:尽管他很忙,但他还是经常在学习上帮助同学。
7.“I am not going to buy that book.” “_____.It is too expensive.” A.I don't either B.So am I C.Neither am I D.I am not too 译文:“我不打算去买书了。”“我也不去了。太贵了。”
8.Anna asked him to complete the experiment before five, _____.A.so did he B.so does he C.so he did D.so he does 译文:安娜让他在五点之前完成试验,他完成了。
9.His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years._____.A.So is his aunt B.So has his aunt C.So his aunt does D.So it is with his aunt 译文:他的叔叔是一个工人,在这间工厂里工作十多年了。他的婶婶也是这样。
10.So unreasonable _____ that everybody was startled.A.his price was B.was his price C.his price has D.has his price 译文:他要价如此之高,每个人都瞠目结舌。
11.In no case _____ waste time.A.we B.do we C.are we D.we do 译文:我们决不能浪费时间。
12._____ when we were in the countryside.A.Forever gone are the days B.Gone forever are the days C.Are the days gone forever D.The days gone are forever 译文:我们在农村的那段日子一去不复返了。
13.However _____, he always goes swimming.A.it is cold B.cold it is C.cold was it D.it was cold 译文:无论多冷,他都坚持去游泳。
14._____ a good student, but he also proved himself a good athlete.A.He showed himself not only B.He showed not only himself C.He did not show himself only D.Not only did he show himself 译文:他不仅展示了他是一名好学生的风采,他也证明了自己是一名好运动员。
15.No sooner had the robbers disappeared into a side-street _____.A.when the police arrived B.and the police arrived C.than the police arrived D.then the police arrived 译文:劫匪刚消失在小巷里,警察就出现了。
16.Not until the early years in the 19th century _____ what heat is.A.man did know B.man knew C.didn't man know D.did man know 译文:直到19世纪早期,人类才知道热是什么东西。
17._____ Tom would have been a rich man.A.Had he entered business B.Were he enter business C.Was he to enter business D.If he was to enter business 译文:如果他进入商界的话,也许就是一个富人了。
18._____ Chairman Mao!A.Long live B.Live long C.Do long live D.Will long live 译文:毛主席万岁!答案:1.B 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.D 15.C 16.D 17.A 18.A 第十九章 日常用语
1.Would you mind my opening the door? _____.A.Yes, please B.No, please don't C.Yes, as you please D.No, not at all 译文:我开门你不介意吧? 不,我不介意。
2.Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend? A.I don't believe B.I don't believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not 译文:你是不是认为周末要下雨? 我想不会吧。
3._____? Very well, thank you, and you? A.How do you do B.Good morning C.How do you like these days D.How are you these days 译文:这几天你过得怎么样? 很好,谢谢你,你呢? 4.Would you like some tea? _____.A.Thanks.That would be nice B.If you like C.Thank you for asking me D.You should give me some 译文:来点茶吗? 谢谢,这太好了。
5.Happy birthday to you, Kate!_____.A.Birthday pleasant B.Thank you C.The same to you D.And you too 译文:祝你生日快乐,凯特!多谢。
6.Thank you for helping me._____.A.All right B.You're welcome C.That's right D.Never mind 译文:谢谢你帮助我。不用谢。
答案:1.D 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.B
第二十章 动词时态
一般现在时
1.Mr.Brown _____ to work by bus every day.A.is traveled B.has been travelling C.travels D.has traveled 译文:布朗先生每天都坐公共汽车去上班。
2.She _____ by nature a kind-hearted woman.A.has B.is C.does D.were 译文:她天生就是一个有善心的女人。
3.Kepler proved that the sun _____ the center of the solar system.A.has B.has been C.had been D.is 译文:开普勒证明了太阳是太阳系的中心。
4.It seldom _____ in Kunming in winter A.snow B.is snowing C.snowed D.snows 译文:冬天的昆明很少下雪。
5.Out _____ the cat from the bottom of the box suddenly.A.has ran B.is running C.runs D.run 译文:猫突然从盒子里跑了出来。
6.A mother who _____ her son will do anything for his happiness.A.is loving B.loves C.loved D.has loved 译文:一位疼爱儿子的母亲会为了他的幸福做任何事情。
7.The No.8 bus _____ to the station, and not to our school.A.has gone B.has been going C.is gone D.goes 译文:8路公共汽车是去火车站的,不是去我们学校的。
8.I _____ her the news that our country will explore the west.A.will tell B.told C.is telling D.tell 译文:我把我们国家将要开发西部的这条消息告诉给她。
9.When you _____ an object, you will want to know the size of the object.A.will examine B.examine C.examined D.examines 译文:当你检查一件物品的时候,你一定想知道这个物品的尺寸。
10.If it _____, the match will be postponed.A.is raining B.has been raining C.has rained D.rains 译文:如果下雨的话,比赛就推迟举行。
11.Although he _____ busy tomorrow, he will still go to the hospital to visit his wife.A.will be B.is going to be C.was D.is 译文:尽管明天他会很忙,但他仍然会来医院去看他的妻子。
12.In an electrical formula, the capital letter “I” _____ for current.A.stand B.will stand C.is going to stand D.stands 译文:在电学公式中,大写字母“I”代表电流。
答案:1.C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.B 10.D 11.D 12.D 现在进行时
1.Now plastics materials _____ many other materials in our daily life.A.replace B.are replacing C.will replace D.replaces 译文:现在塑料材料正在取代我们日常生活中的好多其它材料。
2.Listen, the man _____ with his wife!A.quarreling B.is quarreling C.quarreled D.quarrels 译文:听,那个人正在跟他的妻子吵架。
3.Miss Lin _____ about the food she has at lunch.A.complaining always B.has always been complained C.has always complained D.is always complaining 译文:林小姐一直在抱怨午餐时她吃的食物。
4.He _____ at home these days.A.is staying B.stays C.stayed D.has stayed 译文:这些天他一直呆在家里。
5.How _____ on with your new job these days? A.have you been getting B.are you getting C.did you get D.have you got 译文:这些天你的新工作进展如何? 6.The professor _____ his own letters when his secretary is ill.A.typed B.has typed C.typing D.is typing 译文:教授的秘书生病的时候,他自己打信。
答案:1.B 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.D 一般将来时
1.I _____ you a gift next week.A.shall be giving B.shall have given C.shall give D.would give 译文:我下个星期给你一份礼物。
2.I promise you that I _____ an answer tomorrow.A.shall be giving B.shall have given C.shall give D.will give 译文:我答应你明天给你一个答复。
3.They _____ Beijing in spring every year.A.shall visit B.will visit C.have visited D.visited 译文:他们今后将在每年的春天去北京。
4.If water is distilled(蒸馏), it _____ quite tasteless.A.become B.will become C.became D.becomes 译文:如果水蒸馏了,那么就会变得没有味道。
5.They _____ the computer design problem this afternoon.A.will have discussed B.are going to discuss C.shall discuss D.will be discussing 译文:他们打算下午讨论计算机设计问题
6.Ann _____ the first party in her life tomorrow night.A.gives B.is giving C.is given D.has given 译文:安要在明天晚上开她生命中的第一个晚会。
7.Before the end of this year, air pollution _____ a serious problem that jeopardizes the health of human race.A.will be become B.will have been become C.will become D.will have become 译文:今年年底之前,空气污染就会变成一个危害人类健康的大问题。
8.The manager _____ all the applicants tomorrow afternoon.A.will be seeing B.has been seeing C.will be seen D.sees 译文:明天下午,经理会见所有的申请者。
答案:1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.D 8.A 一般过去时
1.I _____ half the way to school yesterday.A.had run B.had run C.ran D.had been running 译文:我昨天上学的时候有一半路是跑着去的。
2.When I was young, I _____ to school every day.A.walked B.was walking C.had walked D.did walk 译文:当我年轻的时候,我每天都是步行去学校的。
3.He was ____ when I walked into the room.A.ready for leaving B.about to leave C.in the point of leaving D.most ready to leave 译文:我进房间的时候,他正准备离开。
4.She said that she would visit us when we _____.A.are back B.had back C.were back D.will be back 译文:她说我们回来的时候她会来看望我们。
5.Hello!I _____ you _____ here.A.don't know, were B.hadn't known, are C.haven't known, are D.didn't know, were 译文:你好!我还不知道你在这呢。
答案:1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 现在完成时
1.I _____ much of the book but I don't find it interesting.A.read B.am reading C.have read D.have been reading 译文:我已经读了这本书的大部分,但我没发现有什么有趣的。
2.Stephen _____ tennis for five years but he doesn't play now.A.played B.plays C.has played D.had played 译文:史蒂芬已经玩了五年网球,但是他现在不玩了。
3.I _____ her four times in the last four days.A.have met B.met C.meet D.had met 译文:在过去的四天中我已经遇到她四次了。
4.He _____ for three years.A.has joined B.has been in the army C.joined D.has served in the army 译文:他已经在军队中服役三年了。
5.It is two years since he _____ his hometown.A.has been away from B.left C.has left D.had left 译文:他离开家乡已经两年多了。
6.Hand in your papers when you _____ the test.A.are finishing B.will finish C.will have finish D.have finished 译文:等你结束考试的时候别忘了把试卷交上来。
7.Is this the first time you _____ Beijing? A.had been to B.has been to C.have been to D.are to 译文:这是你第一次去北京吗? 8.“Where is your brother?” “He _____.” A.is just going B.is just gone C.has just gone D.has already 译文:“你的哥哥在哪里?” “他刚刚走。”
9.Her grandfather _____ ill for many years.A.has been B.has fallen C.got D.has got 译文:她的祖父已经病了好多年了。
10.“Why haven't John arrived?” “He _____ return this book.” A.has been to B.has gone to C.is coming to D.had been 译文:“约翰怎么还没到呢?”“他去还书了。”
答案:1.C 2.C 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.C 9.A 10.B 现在完成进行时
1.We _____ on it for many hours but we have not yet already any conclusion.A.work B.are working C.have been working D.have been worked 译文:我们已经一起工作好多小时了,但是仍然没能得出结论。
2.Every evening since last Christmas, I _____ my dog out for a walk in the park.A.am taken B.am taking C.take D.have been taking 译文:自从去年圣诞节以来,我每个晚上都要带上我的狗到公园散步。
3.Mr.Lee _____ here six years next July.A.shall live B.will be living C.will have been living D.will have lived 译文:李先生到明年六月就在这住满六年了。
答案:1.C 2.D 3.C 过去完成时态
1.I wondered if she _____.A.has arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.was arriving 译文:我想知道她是否到了。
2.He said that he _____ here for two hours.A.has stayed B.stayed C.stay D.had stayed 译文:他说他已经在这呆了两个小时了。
3.Scarcely _____ the lightening when I heard a clap of thunder.A.had I seen B.have I seen C.I had seen D.I have seen 译文:我刚一看见闪电就听到了一声雷响。
4.He left the laboratory after he _____ the experiment.A.finishes B.would finish C.had finished D.finished 译文:等到做完实验他才离开实验室。
5.By the end of last term, we _____ English for two years.A.have studied B.have been studied C.would studied D.had studied 译文:到上学期末,我们已经学习两年英语了。
6.It _____ cats and dogs for over a week and the downpour had caused landslides in many places.A.rained B.had rained C.was raining D.had been raining 译文:过去的一个礼拜中一直在下倾盆大雨,大雨已经导致了许多地方山体滑坡。
7.The teacher told us that we _____ two experimental lessons by the end of this term.A.had had B.have had C.shall have had D.should have had 译文:老师告诉我们这学期期末之前我们要上两堂实验课。
答案:1.C 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.D 7.D 过去进行时
1.I shall tell you what he _____ at three o'clock yesterday afternoon.A.had done B.has done C.has been doing D.was doing 译文:我会告诉你昨天下午三点他在做什么。
2.She _____ English broadcast when I came in.A.listens to B.listened to C.is listening to D.was listening to 译文:我走进去的时候她正在听英语广播。
3.He was always _____ fault with other people though he didn't do his own work properly.A.finding B.seeking C.looking for D.putting 译文:尽管他自己做的工作不怎么样,但是他总是挑别人的毛病。
4.“What is the matter?” “Nothing, I _____ about my problem in homework.” A.just thought B.have just been thinking C.was just thinking D.have just thought 译文:“怎么了?” “没什么,我刚才在思考一道作业中的问题。”
5.He told her yesterday that he _____ for her at home at seven the next evening.A.is waiting B.has waiting C.has been waiting D.would be waiting 译文:他昨天告诉她他要在第二天的晚上七点在家等她。
答案:1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 时态的呼应
1.You look very unhappy.I _____ you _____ the examination.A.suppose, haven't pass B.am supposing, hadn't pass C.am supposing, don't pass D.suppose, didn't pass 译文:你看起来很不高兴,我猜你没通过考试。
2.He asked me whether I _____ the final examination.A.has passed B.had passed C.passed D.pass 译文:他问我是否通过了期末考试。
3.My father told me that the earth _____ around the sun.A.goes B.went C.go D.had gone 译文:爸爸告诉我地球围绕太阳转动。
答案:1.D 2.B 3.A
第二十一章 被动语态
1.Our school _____ in 1911.A.was set up B.has been set up C.has set up D.had been set up 译文:我们学校是1911年建校的。
2.Radio is _____ in everyday life.A.use B.using C.used D.useful 译文:收音机在每天的生活中都会被用到。
3.According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree, _____.A.my education will be employed by the university B.employment will be given to me by the university C.the university will employ me D.I will be employed by the university 译文:根据我的学位,在我结束学习之后,我将被这所大学雇用。
4.The little girl _____ well.A.is taking care of B.takes care of C.is taken care D.is being taken care of 译文:这个小女孩现在得到很好的照顾。
5.When we returned from the ball, we found that our home _____ and many things _____ A.has broken into, has been stolen B.had broken into, had been stolen C.had been broken into, stolen D.had been broken, stolen 译文:我们从舞会上回来的时候,发现我们的家被人破门而入而且许多东西被盗了。
6.Your books _____ away six days ago.A.have been taken B.were taken C.have being taken D.took 译文:你的书六天前就被拿走了。
7._____ our chairman.A.Her position was made B.Her position is C.She made D.She was made 译文:我们选她作了我们的主席。
8.The poor boy _____ a cruel family to be a servant.A.sold B.was sold to C.was sold D.had been sold to 译文:这个可怜的孩子被卖到一个残忍的家庭作仆人。
9.He was observed _____ the girl yesterday so he was put into prison.A.to steal B.stealing C.stolen D.steal 译文:他昨天被人看到偷那个女孩东西,所以被关进了监狱。
10.I _____ two plans to decide where our family would spend our holiday.A.gave B.was given C.was giving D.had given 译文:有两个计划供我考虑,我们家到底去哪度假。
11.A scientist, together with some assistants, _____ to help in the work.A.send B.sends C.was sent D.were sent 译文:一位科学家和一些助手被派去帮助完成这项工作。
12.The medicine _____ before dinner.A.should have took B.should be took C.should have been took D.should have been taken 译文:这种药应该饭前服用。
13.The clothes _____ again.A.had better not wash B.had better not be washed C.had not better be washed D.had better not washing 译文:这衣服最好不要再洗了。
14.I _____ in the football match yesterday.A.hurt B.is hurt C.got hurt D.turns hurt 译文:我在昨天的足球比赛中受伤了。
15.He _____ the heavy rain when he was on the way to the railway station.A.had caught in B.was catching C.caught by D.was caught in 译文:当他去火车站的时候被这场大雨淋了。
16.I can't open the door;it _____ and I don't have the key.A.locks B.locked C.has been locked D.lock 译文:我打不开门,锁上了,我又没有钥匙。
17._____ that Taiwan is one part of China.A.People are known B.It is well known C.People are well knowing D.People are know 译文:众所周知,台湾是中国领土的一部分。
18.The meeting will _____ three days.A.be lasted B.lasted C.be last D.last 译文:会议将要持续三天。
19.The food _____.A.taste well B.has been tasted well C.is tasted well D.tastes good 译文:这种食物很好吃。
答案:1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.D 16.C 17.B 18.D 19.D
第二十二章 情态动词
1.I will _____ speak English.A.can B.could C.are able to D.be able to 译文:我能讲英语。
2.He _____ harder if he expects to pass the examination.A.can work B.need work C.must work D.ought work 译文:如果他希望通过考试的话就必须努力学习了。
3.To travel from England to Scotland you _____ a passport.A.mustn't have B.don't need C.haven't got D.needn't 译文:从英格兰到苏格兰旅游,你不需要护照。
4.Since she is angry, we _____ her alone.A.had better to leave B.had rather to C.might as well leave D.should as well leave 译文:既然她生气了,我们还是让她一个人静一静吧。
5.He asked me if he _____ open the window.A.shall B.would C.will D.should 译文:我问他是否能开开窗子。
6.The construction of the stadium _____ by the end of next month.A.must have completed B.must have been completed C.must be completed D.must complete 译文:体育馆的工程必须在月底之前完工。
7.We didn't see him at the lecture yesterday.He _____ it.A.mustn't attend B.can't have attended C.wouldn't have not attend D.needn't have attended 译文:我们昨天在报告会上没有见到他,他不可能去了。
8.She is studying medical science now but she _____ a lawyer.A.will be B.used to be C.formerly were D.had been 译文:她正在学医,但她曾经是一名律师。
9._____ to eat your breakfast with me this morning? A.Would you like B.Will you like C.Are you liking D.Do you like 译文:你愿意今天跟我一起吃早饭吗? 答案:1.D 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.A
第二十三章 虚拟语气 1.I would ask Tom to lend us the money if I _____ him.A.had known B.knew C.have known D.know 译文:如果我认识汤姆的话,我就会向他借钱了。
2.If it _____ tomorrow, what shall we do? A.rains B.would rain C.rained D.should rain 译文:如果明天下雨,我们怎么办呀? 3.If he _____ come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.A.would B.should C./ D.had 译文:如果他早来几分钟,你就能遇到他了。
4.If he were to come tomorrow, things _____ easier.A.should be B.would be C.are D.can be 译文:要是他明天能来的话,事情就会简单多了。
5.If you _____ that late movie last night, you wouldn't be sleepy.A.haven't watched B.didn't watch C.hadn't watched D.wouldn't have watched 译文:如果你昨晚不看那场晚场电影的话,你现在就不会这么困了。
6._____ difficulties, we would be successful.A.Should we overcome B.Would we overcome C.Might we overcome D.Could we overcome 译文:我们要是能克服困难的话,就一定能成功。
7.If only everything _____ out as we wanted it to in life!A.is working B.worked C.works D.has worked 译文:要是生活中的每一件事都能同我所想的一样该多好呀。
8.Mary _____ to college last year.Unfortunately, she couldn't take the examinations because of a sudden illness.A.could go B.did go C.could have gone D.must have gone 译文:玛丽去年本可以上大学,不幸的是,因为一场突发的疾病,他未能参加考试。
9.I wish it _____ not so cold outside.A.shall be B.be C.were D.is 译文:我希望外面别那么冷就好了。
10.He insisted that we all _____ in his office at one o'clock.A.be B.to be C.would be D.shall be 译文:他坚持我们应该在一点钟的时候到他的办公室。
11.He insisted that he _____ our car.A.should steal B.would steal C.hadn't stolen D.steal 译文:他坚持说他没有偷我们的车。
12.Their suggestion is that we _____ go out for a walk A.can B.have C.shall D./ 译文:他们的建议是我们应该出去走走。
13.It is necessary that he _____ in time to attend the meeting.A.come B.came C.would come D.need come 译文:他及时来参加会议很重要。
14.I _____ that she had left her home yesterday.A.have thought B.think C.had thought D.should think 译文:我原以为她昨天就离开家了呢。
15.We have been sitting doing nothing about it for days.It's time we _____ the problem.A.shook hands with B.got to brass tacks with C.got to solve D.reached the bottom of 译文:我们呆在这里什么都不干已经好几天了,现在是时候我们着手解决问题的时候了。
16.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.A.know B.knows C.known D.knew 译文:他刚刚到,但他说的话好像他全了解一样。
17.In case I _____, I would try again.A.will fail B.would miss C.should fail D.shall fail 译文:为了防止失败,我愿意再试一次。
18._____ I'll marry him all the same.A.Were he rich or poor B.Be he rich or poor C.Whether rich or poor D.Being rich or poor 译文:无论他富有还是贫穷,我都会嫁给他。
19.Without gravity, we _____ able to walk.A.were B.should be C.can be D.should not be 译文:没有地球引力,我们都不能行走。
答案:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.D 17.C 18.B 19.D
第二十四章 非谓语动词
动词不定式: 1.It is often difficult to _____ what to do.A.decide yourself B.decide C.decide oneself D.decide himself 译文:经常很难决定自己要做什么。
2.“We just saw John at the bookstore.” “That's strange;I didn't think he _____ back until tomorrow.” A.will come B.was to come C.is coming D.is to come 译文:“我们刚刚在书店看到了约翰。”“这就怪了,我原以为他明天才会回来。”
3.“Did you have trouble with your car this morning?” “Yes, but I finally managed _____.” A.to get staring it B.it to get started C.to get it started D.getting started it 译文:“今天早上你的车出故障了吗?”“是的,但是我最后终于设法启动了它。”
4.I found ________ to answer all the question within the time given.A.no possibility B.there was impossibility C.impossible D.it impossible 译文:我发现在限定的时间内回答所有的问题是不可能的。
5.If you don't like to swim, you ______ stay at home.A.may well B.may be as well C.may just as well D.may be well 译文:如果你不爱游泳,那你还是呆在家里好。
6.John wanted me to ask you ____ with me.A.coming B.to have come C.to come D.to be coming 译文:约翰想我要求你来跟着我。
7.You _______ that building after dark.A.have no business for entrance B.have no reason entering C.have no reason to enter D.do not have business to entering 译文:天黑之后,你没有任何理由进入那栋建筑。
8.I'm hungry.Get me something ____.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.for eating 译文:我饿了,给我点吃的东西。
9.My brother is here ______ study English.A.for B.ago C.to D.by 译文:我弟弟在这里学习英语。
10.Tom _____ when they spoke ill of him.A.happened to be passed B.happened to be passing by C.happened passing by D.happened to passed 译文:当他们正在说汤姆的坏话时,他正好走过那里。
11.We all hope ____ scientists.A.become B.to become C.becoming D.became 译文:我们都希望成为科学家。
12.The boy refused ______ for climbing the tall tree.A.to pay B.to be paid C.being paid D.paying 译文:这个男孩拒绝为爬上这棵高树而付钱。
13.I happened ____ the article when he asked me about it.A.having read B.to have read C.to be read D.reading 译文:当他问我关于这篇文章的情况,我碰巧已经读过。
14.______ is to struggle.A.Living B.Live C.To live D.To be lived 译文:生存就是斗争。
15.At last the enemy soldiers had no choice but _____ their guns.A.to lay down B.lie down C.laying down D.lay down 译文:最终,敌人没有别的选择只好放下他们的抢。
16.They would do everything except ______ a moon landing.A.to make B.made C.making D.make 译文:除了在月球降落之外,他们什么都要做。
17.Last summer I took a course on ___________.A.how to make dresses B.how dresses be made C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made 译文:去年夏天我上了如何做衣服的课。
18.Tell us _____ next.A.how to do B.what to do C.how do D.what do 译文:请告诉我们下一步该做什么? 19.He wants to know ___ to help her when she is in trouble.A.what will do B.what he should do C.how to do D.what will he do 译文:他想知道当她在困难时,他应该帮她做些什么。
20.Don't stop trying.We'll be sure _____.A.succeed B.succeeding C.of succeeding D.to succeed 译文:不要停止试验,我们一定会成功的。
21.With my father ______ I wanted to try it again.A.helping B.help C.helped D.to help 译文:在我父亲的帮助下,我想再试一次。
22.In the film, the battle is made ______ in the winter.A.to take place B.take place C.took place D.had took place 译文:在电影中,这场战争安排在冬天发生。
23.He is the first _____ at the meeting.A.spoke B.had spoken C.to speak D.speaking 译文:他是第一个在会上发言的人。
24.He was too young _____ with a family.A.being burdened B.burdened C.to be burdened D.burdening 译文:他太年轻而不能养活一个家庭。
25.I am ______ willing _____something for the old living around here.A.very;doing B.very;to do C.enough;do D.too;to do 译文:我非常愿意为住在这里的老人做点儿事情。
26._______ the room temperature, he added some coal into the stove.A.Keep up B.In order keep up C.So as to keep up D.To keep up 译文:为了保持房间的温度,他往炉子里加了些煤。
27.It is very kind ____ the machine for us.A.for you to repair B.for you repairing C.of you to repair D.of you repairing 译文:谢谢你为我们修理车床。
28.The machine is rather difficult _______.A.to repair B.to be repaired C.repairing D.being repaired 译文:这种机器很难修理。
29.The table is hard _____.It is too heavy.A.move away B.to move away C.to be moved D.to move them away 译文:这张桌子太重了,很难移动。
30.She likes ______ in public.A.praised B.to praise C.to be praised D.praising 译文:她喜欢在公众面前受到表扬。
31.She was said ____ a fairy one day.A.to meet B.meeting C.to have met D.having meeting 译文:据说她有一天遇到了神仙。
32.He is said ______ his work in his own room now.A.he is doing B.to be doing C.doing D.be doing 译文:据说他正在他自己的房子里做工作。33.I won't have you _____ up and down all day.A.ran B.running C.run D.to run 译文:我没有让你整天都跑上跑下的。
34.I wish to finish my work and _____away.A.get B.getting C.to get D.got 译文:我希望完成工作,并且离开这里。
答案:1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.C 15.A 16.D 17.A 18.B 19.B 20.D 21.D 22.A 23.C 24.C 25.D 26.D 27.C 28.A 29.B 30.C 31.C 32.B 33.B 34.A 动名词: 1._____ is not easy.A.For cook B.To cooking C.Cooking D.Cook 译文:烹调并不简单。
2.There's no use _____ over spilt milk.A.to cry B.crying C.cry D.cried 译文:覆水难收。
3.I would appreciate _______ me know as soon as possible.A.your letting B.you to let C.your allowing D.you to allow 译文:我很高兴你会尽快让我知道这件事情。
4.“Is John sick?” “Yes.______ all night in the rain caused him to catch a cold.A.He worked B.To have worked C.working D.His working 译文:“约翰生病了吗?”“是呀,他整夜在雨中干活使他感冒了。”
5.His favorite sport is ________ football.A.to play the B.playing the C.playing D.play 译文:他最喜爱的运动是踢足球。
6.Yesterday I was busy______ things ready for trial production.Otherwise I would have taken part in that discussion.A.to get B.get C.having got D.getting 译文:昨天我忙于为产品试制做准备,另外,我还要参加那个讨论。
7.The book is not worthy of ____.A.to translate B.to be translated C.translating D.being translated 译文:这本书不值得翻译。
8.The old professor wanted a quiet room for the night because he just couldn't stand _______ in a noisy room.A.having slept B.sleep C.being slept D.sleeping 译文:这位老教授想要一个安静的房间过夜,因为他无法忍受睡在这样吵闹的一个房间里。
9.She had no difficulty ____ the problem.A.working out B.having worked out C.to have worked out D.to work out 译文:她解出这道题没有遇到困难。
10.Though the meeting about to end and everybody was in a hurry to leave, Richard _________ several questions.A.insisted to ask B.insisted asking C.insisted on asking D.insisted to asking 译文: 尽管会议即将结束,大家都忙着要离开,理查德却执意要问几个问题。
11.The way he talks simply intolerable.I object to ______ like a child.A.treat B.treated C.being treated D.treating 译文:他说话的那种方式简直叫人难以忍受,我反对把我当成孩子对待。
12.What about ___ a film this evening? A.see B.to see C.seeing D.seen 译文:今晚去看场电影如何? 13.I hope you don't mind ______ you all this.A.to tell B.to have told C.to be telling D.my telling 译文:我希望你不介意我告诉你关于这件事情的所有一切。
14.The students were interested in _____ a field trip to the National History Museum, but they were not able to raise enough money.A.take B.to take C.taking D.took 译文:学生们对到国家历史博物馆作一次野外旅游很感兴趣,但他们没能凑到足够的钱。
15.The dog was lucky that it just missed _____.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch 译文:这只狗没有被捉住真幸运。
16.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before _____.A.accepting fully B.being fully accepted C.fully accepting D.fully being accepted 译文:有时一个新的想法在被完全接受之前要测试许多次。
17.The bill is a measure necessary to afford ______ labor.A.to protect B.protect C.protecting D.being protected 译文:这条法案是提供保护劳工所必要的措施。
18.The child deserves ________.A.punishing B.punished C.having punishing D./ 译文:这孩子该受惩罚。
19.I hate _____ in public.A.smoking B.to be smoke C.for smoking D./ 译文:我讨厌在大庭广众面前吸烟。
20.Don't you remember ______? A.seeing the man before B.to see the man before C.saw the man before D.to have seen the man before 译文:你记得从前曾经见到过这个吗? 21.I shall never forget _____ late Premier Zhou during his inspection of our factory.A.meet B.to meet C.meeting D.have meeting 译文:我永远也不会忘记,在已故的周总理视察我们厂时,我见到他的情景。
22.I bitterly regret ________ him he story yesterday.A.to tell B.to have told C.to be telling D.having told 译文:我非常后悔昨天给他讲了那个故事。
23.Let's ________ about our examination results.A.to stop to worry B.stop to worry C.stop worry D.stop worrying 译文:我们不要再为考试的成绩担忧了。
24.I prefer _____ rather than sit idle.A.to work B.working C.for working D.work 译文:我宁愿工作而不愿意闲坐着。
25.Please go on _____ the same exercise.A.do B.done C.to do D.doing 译文:请接着做这同一个练习。
26.My transistor radio isn't working.It _____.A.need repairing B.needs repairing C.needs to repair D.need to repair 译文:我的半导体收音机不能用了,它需要修理。
27.These plants want ______.A.to water B.to be watered C.watered D.being watered 译文:这些植物需要浇水。
28.These children require ______.A.to be looking after B.to be looked C.looking after D.to looked after 译文:这些孩子需要人们照顾。
答案:1.C 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C 11.C 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.A 20.A 21.C 22.D 23.D 24.A 25.D 26.B 27.B 28.C 分词: 1.He's _______ because he has won the prize.A.nervous B.satisfying C.excited D.exciting 译文:他感到很激动,因为他得了奖。
2.I'm _____ at your success.A.pleasing B.pleasant C.pleased D.please 译文:我对你的成功感到非常高兴。
3.Mr.Brown is _____ respected by his colleague.A.very B.much C.rather D.extremely 译文:布朗先生很受他的同事们尊敬。
4.His explanation made the problem _______.A.even more complicated B.to be even more complicated C.that is became even more complicated D.be even more complicated 译文:他的一番解释使问题变得更加复杂了。
5.What he said made me ______.A.to surprise B.surprising C.surprised D.surprise 译文:他说的话使我感到很吃惊。
6.My sister got a new suit ______ for me.A.making B.made C.to make D.make 译文:我姐姐为我定制了一套新衣服。
7.These students are quick at learning.We'll have them _____ in new methods.A.to train B.for training C.train D.trained 译文:这些学生学得很快,我们将用新方法来训练他们。
8.When she returned home, she found the window open and something ______.A.stolen B.missed C.to be stolen D.to steal 译文:当他回家时他发现窗户开着,有些东西被偷了。
9.He read a book _______ for the bus.A.to wait B.to be waiting C.waiting D.waited 译文:他看书来等汽车。
10.Night _____ , we hurried home.A.fall B.fallen C.falling D./ 译文:夜幕降临,我们匆匆回家。
11.She is writing a letter to a friend of hers, _____ him to attend the party.A.having invited B.inviting C.to invite D.invited 译文:她写信给她的朋友邀请他出席这次晚会。
12.______ his work, he went to play basketball.A.Having done B.Doing C.Done D.He has done 译文:做完了工作,他去打篮球。
13.______ into many languages, the book is well known all over the world.A.Having been translated B.To be translated C.Having translated D.Being translated 译文:这本书被译成许多种语言,这本书已闻名于世界。
14._____ a shy man, Einstein did not attend the public celebration on his fiftieth birthday.A.Was B.He is C.Being D.He was 译文:由于爱因斯坦是个害羞的人,他没有出席五十岁的生日庆祝会。
15._____ and _____, they ran out of the room.A.Being excited;happily B.Exciting;happy C.Excited;happy D.Exciting;happily 译文:由于激动和高兴,他们跑出了房间。
16.______ what you said, you should be praised.A.To judge from B.Being judged C.Judge from D.Judging from 译文:从你说的话来判断,你应该受表扬。
17.The bridge _____, the people _____ by both sides of the river were wild with joy.A.having completed;living B.completed;living C.completed;lived D.had completed;living 译文:桥修好时住在河两岸的人们非常高兴。
18._____ several times, they need some encouragement.A.Fail B.Failed C.Being failed D.Having failed 译文:由于已经失败了好几次,他们需要得到一些鼓励。
答案:1.C 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.A 13.A 14.C 15.C 16.D 17.B 18.D
第二十五章 词语辨析 1.Einstein accepted the invitation and asked for a small _____.A.wage B.pay C.salary D.income 译文:爱因斯坦接受了邀请并要了一份很低的薪水。
2.Is there any _____ why we should stay here for two days more? A.reason B.course C.excuse D.case 译文:有没有什么可以解释多呆两天的理由。
3.He came back home after years of foreign _____.A.journey B.trip C.visit D.travel 译文:在多年的国外旅行后他回到了家。
4.She looks pretty in her pink summer _____.A.clothes B.cloth C.clothing D.dress 译文:她穿着那件粉红色的夏季连衣裙显得很漂亮。
5._____ speaking, our coldest weather comes in January.A.Total B.Generally C.Popular D.Common 译文:总的来说,一月份的天气最冷。
6.What he told us _____ surprised us.A.very B.much C.greatly D.so 译文:他对我们说的让我感到非常惊讶。
7.Is this kind of cloth made of _____ silk or rayon(人造丝)? A.real B.true C.right D.exact 译文:这件衣服是用真丝做的还是用人造丝做的? 8.After many years abroad, he wanted to return home to his _____.A.state B.country C.nation D.space 译文:在国外待了多年之后,他想回到自己的祖国去。
9.We don't have any shoes in your _____.A.kind B.number C.size D.sort 译文:我们没有你要的码数的鞋。
10.All is _____with us.A.good B.fine C.well D.nice 译文:我们一切都很顺利。
11.A police car is running on the _____.A.route B.road C.way D.path 译文:一辆警车正在公路上奔驰。
12.It is an important _____.A.position B.direction C.station D.situation 译文:这是一种不可能的形势。
13._____ he promised to read the first chapter of the book.A.Too B.Neither C.Either D.Only 译文:只是他答应读这本书的第一章。
14.Jack is a _____ runner.A.fast B.quick C.soon D.rapid 译文:杰克是个跑得很快的人。
15.She ______ to be a brilliant musician.A.agrees B.refuses C.promises D.allows 译文:她有希望成为一个前途无限的音乐家。
16.Every boy is here _____ Henry.A.accept B.expect C.appear D.except 译文:这里所有的男孩子都接受了亨利。
17.I _____ him more than ten questions, but he did not ____ a single one.A.ask;reply to B.asked;replied C.asked;reply D.asked;reply to 译文:我问了他十多个问题,但是他一个也没有回答我。
18.This straw hat _____ me.A.doesn't fit for B.isn't fit C.doesn't fit D.fits to 译文:这顶草帽不适合我戴。
19.Students are expected to _____ their classes regularly.A.present B.go C.attend D.follow 译文:要求学生按期上课。
20.Mrs.Walker has returned ____.A.a wallet back to its original owner B.to its original owner the wallet C.the wallet to its originally owner D.the wallet to its original owner 译文:沃克太太已经把那个钱包还给了失主。
21.We ______ him ”Fatty".A.call B.to call C.called D.is calling 译文:我们叫他“胖子”。
22.Our guest ______ yesterday morning.A.leaves B.left C.leave D.are leaving 译文:我们的贵宾昨天早上离开的。
23.That shed protects the animals ________ the rain.A.from B.of C.out of D.without 译文:牲畜棚使牲畜免遭鱼淋。
24.She _____ the children during the day.A.look after B.looks after C.look for D.looks for 译文:白天她照看孩子们。
答案:1.C 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.D 13.D 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.C 19.C 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.A 24.B
第二十六章 短语动词辨析
1.Plastics is very useful.It can be _____ a lot of things.A.made from B.made into C.made of D.made up of 译文:塑料很有用。它可以做成许多东西。
2.It's getting warmer.It's time to _____your fur coat.A.put down B.put away C.put up D.put aside 译文:天气变热了。是脱下毛衣的时候了。
3.The play _____ by the first year student was very good.A.put on B.put out C.put forward D.put back 译文:一年级学生演的戏很好。
4.Last night a quarrel _____ between two brothers in our neighborhood.A.broke out B.broke up C.broke away D.broke in 译文:我们邻居家两兄弟间昨晚上发生了争吵。
5.You have done well in your studies, I hope you can _____.A.keep it up B.keep it out C.keep it down D.keep it off 译文:你学得很好,我希望你能继续保持。
6.After a long discussion, they _____ an agreement.A.came into B.came up C.came to D.came across 译文:经过长时间的讨论,他们达成了一致意见。
7.The film will begin at eight tomorrow, I will _____ you at 7:30 at your home.A.call up B.call out C.call on D.call for 译文:电影明天早上8点钟开始,我7:30的时候到你家喊你。
8.I _____ my old friend Hill on the morning of Sunday.A.ran up to B.ran across C.ran about D.ran away 译文:我偶然在星期天早晨碰到了老朋友希尔。
9.I really don't want to go to the party, but I don't see how I can _____ it.A.get back from B.get out of C.get away D.get off 译文:我真的不想去这场晚会,但我又不知道怎样摆脱它。
10.In order to pass the graduation exams,he began to _____ his lessons every day.A.look through B.look up C.go over D.read over 译文:为了通过毕业考试,他开始每天复习功课。
11._____!There's a train coming.A.Look up B.Look out C.Look around D.Look on 译文:注意!有辆火车过来了。
12.Do you believe that they _____ the monument in only two months? A.set off B.set out C.set up D.set about 译文:你能相信他们在仅仅两个月的时间里建成了这座纪念碑吗? 13.Our monitor was asked to _____ the new textbooks.A.give off B.give in C.give out D.give up 译文:我们班长要分发这些新的教科书。
14.I'll never tell you another secret if you _____ this one _____.A.let,down B.let,in C.let,ou D.let,off 译文:如果你把这件事泄露出去,我再也不告诉你别的事了。
15._____, everything will be all right.A.Hold off B.Hold on C.Hold out D.Hold up 译文:坚持下去,一切都会好起来的。
16.My study of biology has _____ much of my spare time.A.taken off B.taken down C.taken up D.taken away 译文:学习生物占用了我许多业余时间,但也给我带来相当大的乐趣。
17.Don't hesitate to _____ me if you are in trouble.A.turn up B.turn to C.turn in D.turn out 译文:当你遇到困难时,不要犹豫,来找我。答案:1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.A 6.C 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.C 11.B 12.C 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.C 17.B
第五篇:高三复习资料
13.(2013苏州检测)儒家思想是中国传统文化的主要组成部分。阅读下列材料,回答问题: 材料一 夫儒者以“六艺”(《诗》《书》《礼》《易》《春秋》《乐》)为法。“六艺”经传以千万数,累世不能通其学,当年不能究其礼,故曰:“博而少要,劳而少功。”若夫列君臣父子之礼,序夫妇长幼之别,虽百家弗能易也。
——汉初司马谈《论六家要旨》
材料二 北宋开始,门第已不存在,和尚寺也衰落了,搜罗不到人才。禅宗的新宗教,不啻叫人回头,由真返俗。而进士轻薄,终于担当不了天下大事。在这一情形下,须待北宋知识分子再来打开新风气,寻觅新生命。书院讲学,由此酝酿。他们要把和尚寺里的宗教精神,正式转移到现实社会。要把清净寂灭究竟涅槃的最高出世观念,正式转变成修身、齐家、治国、平天下的中国传统人文精神的旧理想。
——钱穆《国史新论》
材料三 浙东学派,从南宋到明清,经过永嘉学派、永康学派、金华学派,从叶适,到王阳明,到黄宗羲,一脉相承,形成了一整套的经济思想和经济伦理。比如“永康学派”的代表人物陈亮提出的“义利兼顾”的思想„„余姚人王阳明进一步提出“四民异业而同道”的经济伦理,到了黄宗羲更是明确地提出了著名的“经世致用”“工商皆本”的思想。
——王耀成《宁波帮的经营理念》
(1)根据材料一,概括指出儒家思想的主要特点是什么?(2)根据材料二,指出理学家追求的政治理想是什么?并结合所学知识,分析理学产生的原因。(3)根据材料三,结合所学知识,分别概括浙东学派代表人物黄宗羲的君主政治观和经济发展观,并分析其思想特点。
解析:本题考查中国古代主流思想的发展演变。第(1)问,注意从儒学的内容、儒学的作用两个角度归纳。第(2)问,结合材料即可回答“政治理想”;“原因”则要从统治的需要、宗教的冲击、科举的局限等角度回答。第(3)问,解答黄宗羲的主张注意问题的限制条件;“思想特点”则要从与传统儒学的关系的角度归纳。
答案:(1)六艺卷帙浩繁,儒学太博而难以找到要点,用力多,而收效太少。儒学对于正君臣父子,别夫妇长幼尊的礼数,是任何一家都不能更改的。(2)理想:治国、平天下。
原因:佛教、道教的冲击(宗教的冲击);科举考试选拔的人才不能担当大任;培养具有高尚的道德情操、强烈的社会责任感的有用人才。(3)君主政治观:反对君主专制,主张君臣平等。经济发展观:反对重农抑商,主张“工商皆本”。特点:对传统的儒学进行批判性的继承。
13.(2013桐庐模拟)阅读下列材料,回答问题: 材料一 “道(治理)千乘之国,敬事而信,节用而爱人,使民以时。”“足食,足兵,民信之矣。”“为政以德,譬如北辰,居其所而众星共之。”
——《论语》
材料二 城邦以正义为原则。由正义衍生的礼法,可凭以判断(人间的)是非曲直,正义恰恰正是树立社会秩序的基础。要使事物合于正义(公平),须有毫无偏私的权衡;法律恰恰正是这样一个中道的权衡。法治应该包含两重含义:已成立的法律获得普遍的服从,而大家所服从的法律又应该本身是制订良好的法律。
(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,归纳孔子的治国主张,分析孔子主张没有被当时统治者采纳的主要原因。
(2)概括材料二中建立有序社会的思想主张,说明这些主张提出的政治背景。(3)综合上述材料,谈谈应怎样建立良好的社会秩序。
解析:本题综合考查东西方古代的思想。第(1)问孔子的治国主张可以根据材料一中“节用而爱人”“为政以德”等有效信息加以归纳;原因要结合春秋时期的时代背景思索回答。第(2)问提取材料二中“要使事物合于正义(公平)”“法治”等有效信息结合所学知识回答即可。第(3)问属于开放性题目,围绕德治与法治作答即可。
答案:(1)主张:取信于民;爱护百姓;节俭财物;不夺农时;实行德治。原因:不适用于当时的诸侯争霸形势。
(2)主张:制定法律;实施法治;追求正义(公平)。政治背景:城邦制衰落;民主政治的弊端暴露。
(3)法治与德治并举。
14.阅读下列材料,回答问题: 材料一 “中国的人文主义者认为自己找到了人生的真谛,并时时意识到这一点。在中国人看来,人生在世并非为了死后的来生,对于基督教所谓此生为来世的观点,他们大惑不解。„„中国人明确认为:人生的真谛在于享受淳朴的生活,尤其是家庭生活的欢乐和社会诸关系的和睦”。
“我们时常纳闷,西方人何以竟想不到人生的意义在于纯净平安地享受生活。„„把精力集中在世俗的幸福,这一特性是我们缺乏宗教的原因,也是它的结果。”
——1934年林语堂《中国人》
材料二 “„„这解释了文艺复兴时期现世主义和人文主义存在的原因——文艺复兴关心的是今世而不是来世;它关注的是非宗教的古典文化而不是基督教神学。”
“大多数文艺复兴时期的艺术和文学关注的中心都是人——文艺复兴时期的新人,他或她是自身命运的塑造者,而不是超自然力量的玩物。人们不需要专心于超自然的力量,相反,生活的目的是为了发展自身所固有的潜能。”
——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》
(1)根据材料一概括指出中国的“人文主义”思想。据材料一并结合所学知识分析这一思想产生的原因。
(2)根据材料一、二比较中西方人文主义的异同点。谈谈中西方人文主义对中西社会制度的演变产生的影响。
解析:本题考查中西方“人文主义”的异同点。第(1)问抓住第一段材料中省略号前后的信息,即可概括出中国的“人文主义”思想;“一定的思想是一定的政治、经济的反映”,因而“分析这一思想产生的原因”需结合中国古代君主集权政治、小农经济并联系材料一中“这一特性是我们缺乏宗教的原因”等信息展开分析。第(2)问在结合第(1)问答题和材料二信息的基础上进行比较即可得出“中西方人文主义的异同点”,两者产生的不同影响,应抓住设问“对中西社会制度的演变”去展开,即文艺复兴时期的人文主义,在西方社会的转型——封建社会向资本主义社会的转变过程中起到了极大的推动作用,而中国的“人文主义”并没有起到这样的作用。
答案:(1)中国的“人文主义”思想:关注现世生活;追求欢乐的家庭生活、和睦的社会关系。原因:西周宗法制的影响;儒家思想观念深入人心;以农业为主体的经济活动的后果;长期封建君主专制的统治,神化君主,使中国缺乏宗教。(2)同:都关注今生而非来世(或都追求现世生活的幸福);都关注人而非神(或以人为中心而不是以神为中心)。
异:西方人文主义关注个人,强调从神学束缚中解放人性;中国人文主义特别强调家庭幸福、社会关系和谐。西方人文主义是为了实现个人价值;中国人文主义是为了集体的利益与和谐。影响:西方的人文主义思想冲击着封建统治的精神支柱,加速了封建社会向资本主义社会的转变。中国的人文主义强调社会和谐,有利于社会稳定,不利于封建社会向资本主义社会转变。