旧材料作文与新材料作文的区别

第一篇：旧材料作文与新材料作文的区别

旧材料作文与新材料作文的区别

新材料作文（也叫题意作文、命意作文、后话题作文），作文提供材料或图画，但不提供话题，要求考生阅读材料或图画，根据自己对材料或图画的感悟、理解，自定立意、自选文体、自拟标题进行作文。要求“全面理解材料，但可以选择一个侧面、一个角度构思”的作文, 它不同于以往根据材料写议论文的材料作文，也有别于有明确话题的话题作文，是介于材料作文和话题作文之间的一种新的作文形式。

2、与话题作文的区别：不直接提供话题，其话题就是考生对材料的感悟或联想。

话题作文命题的基本格式为：“材料语”+“话题语”+“要求语” 新材料作文命题的基本格式为：“材料语”+“要求语”

有无“话题语”是话题作文命题和新材料作文命题的根本区别。

3、旧材料作文与新材料作文的区别

（1）旧材料作文的命题表述一般是：请自选角度，自拟题目，联系实际，写一篇不少于800字的议论文；

新材料作文的命题表述一般是：要求全面理解材料，但可以选择一个侧面、一个角度构思作文。自主确定立意，确定文体，确定标题，不要脱离材料的含意作文，不要套作，不得抄袭；以上文字可以让人产生不同的联想或感悟。请根据材料，自选角度，自定文体，自定立意，自拟题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。

（2）在文体要求上：

旧材料作文一般只要求写成议论文，新材料作文则要求“自主确立文体”。

（3）在“对待”材料的态度上：

旧材料作文要求必须引述材料，新材料作文则要求可引可不引；

（4）旧材料作文立意必须是在对材料进行整体感知与全面观照的基础上准确、全面地立意； 新材料作文立意立足于材料的整体含意或局部含意皆可，以不脱离材料的含意为底线。

4、新材料作文此类试题关键在审题。审题时要抓住材料的关键词、句，抓住材料的核心意思立意。

二如何审题立意？

1、抓对象——材料中有哪几个对象？

2、分主次——几个对象间孰轻孰重，材料重点写哪个对象，这是立意的根本点。

3、抓关键——关于这一重点对象，材料中有哪些关键语句？

4、辨是非——这些关键语句是对是错、是善是恶、是肯定还是否定，亦即命题者意图。

5、查原因——造成材料中的这种现象的原因。

第二篇：人力资源新与旧的区别

随着经济体制改革的深入,各级人事部门、人事干部的工作内容在不断调整,不断变化,传统的人事管理工作逐渐被现代人力资源管理取代。归纳一下,二者的区别主要表现在以下几个方面:

在管理内容上,传统的人事管理以事为中心,主要工作就是管理档案、人员调配、职务职称变动、工资调整等具体的事务性工作。而现代人力资源管理则以人为中心,将人作为一种重要资源加以开发、利用和管理,重点是开发人的潜能、激发人的活力,使员工能积极主动创造性地开展工作。在管理形式上,传统的人事管理属于静态管理,也就是说,当一名员工进入一个单位,经过人事部门必要的培训后,安排到一个岗位,完全由员工被动性地工作,自然发展;而现代人力资源管理属于动态管理,强调整体开发。也就是说,对员工不仅安排工作,还要根据组织目标和个人状况,为其做好职业生涯设计,不断培训,不断进行横向及纵向的岗位或职位调整,充分发挥个人才能,量才使用,人尽其才。

在管理方式上,传统的人事管理主要采取制度控制和物质刺激手段;现代人力资源管理采取人性化管理,考虑人的情感、自尊与价值,以人为本,多激励,少处罚,多表扬,少批评,多授权少命令,发挥每个人的特长,体现每个人的价值。

在管理策略上,传统的人事管理侧重于近期或当前人事工作,就事论事,只顾眼前,缺乏长远,属于战术性管理;现代人力资源管理,不仅注重近期或当前具体事宜的解决,更注重人力资源的整体开发、预测与规划。根据组织的长远目标,制定人力资源的开发战略措施,属于战术与战略性相结合的管理。

在管理技术上,传统的人事管理照章办事,机械呆板;而现代人力资源管理追求科学性和艺术性,不断采用新的技术和方法,完善考核系统、测评系统等科学手段。

在管理体制上,传统的人事管理多为被动反应型,按部就班,强调按领导意图办事;现代人力资源多为主动开发型,根据组织的现状、未来,有计划有目标地开展工作。

在管理手段上,传统的人事管理手段单一,以人工为主,日常的信息检索、报表制作、统计分析多为人工进行,很难保证及时、准确,并浪费人力、物力和财力;现代人力资源管理的软件系统、信息检索、报表制作、核算、测评、招聘等均由计算机自动生成结果,及时准确地提供决策依据。在管理层次上,传统的人事管理部门往往只是上级的执行部门,很少参与决策;现代人力资源管理部门则处于决策层,直接参与单位的计划与决策,为单位的最重要的高层决策部门之一。

第三篇：新民主主义与旧民主主义的区别

新民主主义与旧民主主义的区别：

一、是革命领导权不同。五四运动以前，中国民主革命的领导者是资产阶级，工人阶级只是追随资产阶级参加革命；五四运动以后，工人阶级作为独立的政治力量登上历史舞台，其政党——中国共产党担负起领导中国民主革命的重任。

二、是革命的时代条件不同，新民主主义革命发生在十月革命以后，不再属于世界资产阶级革命的范畴，而是属于世界无产阶级革命的范畴。

三、是革命指导思想不同。旧民主主义革命的指导思想是西方的资产阶级民主主义思想，而新民主主义革命则是以马克思列宁主义为指导思想，以马克思列宁主义与中国革命实际结合的毛泽东思想为指导思想。

四、是革命的前途不同。旧民主主义革命是要在中国建立资本主义专政的国家，以建立资本主义社会制度为目的；新民主主义革命则要在中国建立以工人阶级领导的，以工农联盟为基础的几个革命阶级的联合专政，即人民民主专政的国家，然后建立社会主义制度，最终目标是在中国实现共产主义。

第四篇：新作文与结尾句

明星代言问题

On the Celebrity Spokesperson

Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media.This is an intensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice.There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product.A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items.This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, which should be severely criticized and penalized.Of course, as is known to all, everything has both bright and dark sides.Some stars’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns

raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public behavior.In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public.To name only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of the China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China.关于选秀节目

Over the past couple of years, a variety of talent shows have emerged on TV channels across the nation, from Super Girls to Happy Boys and so forth.This type of entertainment program is intensely popular, especially among young adults and has produced profound impacts on their studies and life.There are a couple of reasons behind the tide.To start with, young folks need role models to learn from.So many of them are crazy for contestants participating in these programs.This gives rise to the increasing emergence of these shows because TV networks naturally need to cater to young audiences.Plus, thanks to economic and political reforms carried out by the government, this crop of young generation have more freedom and desire to express and showcase themselves.Therefore, a growing number of young people desire to get involved in these shows.This is a divisive topic.On my personal level, the talent show is a superb means of relaxing and amusing and can hugely relieve our strains.As college students, however, we could not afford to indulge in them and should be aware of the utmost importance of studies.食品安全问题

On the Food Security

Over the past couple of years, several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media.The problem of food security has become a hot button across society.The prevalence of food insecurity has greatly impacted public health, which the government could not afford to ignore, according to the online edition of the People Daily.There are a couple of driving forces, I would argue, behind this

undesirable tide.First, in the course of the rapid economic evolution, we ignore moral education, giving rise to the rising rate of the problem.More importantly, the lack of adequate regulation and punishment on those illegal producers enforces the trend.As Confucius instructed, it is better late than never.Prompt and strict

measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend.The government should launch a massive moral campaign to educate all citizens and draw up tougher laws to crack down on those irresponsible corporations and prohibit them from entering the food industry again.I am firmly convinced that through our combined efforts we are bound to enjoy more risk-free foods in the days ahead.社会不文明现象

On Uncivilized Behaviors

We cannot fail to notice that countless uncivilized behaviors exist in our daily lives, such as spitting, talking loudly, littering, saying nasty words in public places and so forth.All these are bad manners that we should not lose sight of.As an ancient land enjoying a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years, China is witnessing a surge in improper acts that every Chinese citizen should feel ashamed of.Uncivilized behaviors by a host of Chinese both at home and abroad have seriously affected China’s image, according to an editorial posted on People Daily’s official website.As Chinese, we should not get offended when others point out our

weaknesses but should focus more attention on improving ourselves.We should strive to identify the causes of those improper behaviors and find ways to eliminate them.There are a host of causes, I would argue, behind this trend.To name only one: the lack of moral education.The government should wage a massive moral campaign to fight against this trend and we ourselves should endeavor to behave decently in our daily lives.As college students of the new age, we should take the leading role.感恩

On Cultivating the Sense of Gratitude

On college campuses across the nation, there is a noticeable

phenomenon that we cannot afford to ignore: far too many young college

students lack the sense of gratitude, one of the countless traditional virtues of this ancient land with a splendid civilization spanning over 5,000 years.These young adults were not and are not aware of the huge importance of expressing gratitude to those who once helped them, from teachers to parents and so forth.Personally, I deem that the root cause of students without a graceful heart is that they receive an education not valuing the moral sphere.I strongly

believe that joint efforts from folks across society are the final remedy for this

social headache.As young university students of the new era, we should make our own contributions to this cause.Imagine a world without the sense of gratitude.This kind of world is doomed to failure.Simply put, we should join our hands to heighten our awareness of fostering a graceful heart.Only in this way can we build our society into a harmonious one.My fellow students, I beg you to act from now on.大学生使用信用卡现象

On Credit Card

At present, a wide vareity of credit cards issued by major banks and

shopping malls are thriving in colleges and universities across the nation, with a multitude of college students making up a growing population of card holders.Indeed, one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card, and the figure is expected to be on the steady increse, the latest data published by Yangtze Evening Post suggests.Like anything prior to the emergence of this small piece of plastic, the increasing popularity of credit card on campus has both bright and dark sides.On the one hand, young adults in college, free from the trouble of pocketing a considerable sum of cash, could enjoy the convenience of credit cards and purchase expensive goods by installments.On the other hand, however, the irresponsible and excessive use of the cards by these youngsters, the majority of whom are fresh out of middle school incapable of budgeting their money, can make them heavily in debt which will take them years to pay off.On my personal level, while enjoying a host of conveniences the credit card may bring, we couldn’t afford to ignore a conspicious fact: in most cases, parents are our sole financial sources.Instead of spending without any restrict, we are supposed to put studies on the top of our agenda and move ourselves beyond heavy dependence upon our parents

1.The most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________.In that case, ______________.2.Everything has its own two sides, no exception with AAA.For one thing, ______________.for another, ______________.3.My experience tells me that to ______________ needs a thorough and persevering process, and in this process you had better abide by the principles mentioned above.4.On the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________.5.As a result, we should take some effective methods to ______________.6.Judging by the figures, we can draw a conclusion that ______________.7.In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______________.Only in this way can ______________ in the future.8.In my opinion, we should place much emphasis on the importance of ______________.9.But ______________ and ______________ have their own advantages.For example, ______________, while ______________.Comparing those two, however, I prefer to ______________.10.In my opinion, ______________ is just as common as ______________.If ______________, it may be very useful.Whatever ______________, the key point lies in ______________.11.Are their opinions correct? To my mind, the first idea seems ______________.As for the second idea, ______________.12.As a popular saying goes, ______________.In my opinion what really counts is not ______________, but ______________.I believer that as long as ______________, we will ______________.So I am for the opinion that ______________.13.In my opinion, both sides are partly right.When we ______________, we should take into consideration all aspects of the problems, and then make the right decision.14.Personally, I believe that ______________.Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because ______________.15.In my opinion, all of the people should be brave enough to show our disapproval and criticism when confronted with ______________.16.People are coming to realize the importance of ______________.They have begun to try their best to ______________.We believe that ______________.17.All in all, we cannot live without ______________.But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with problems that would arise.18.Whatever you do, please remember the saying-______________.If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll definitely benefit a lot from it.19.With the development of society, ______________.So it’s urgent and necessary to ______________.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.20.It is difficult to say whether ______________ is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of ______________.However, from a personal point of view I find ______________.21.It is essential that effective actions should be taken to end the situation.22.It is no doubt that special attention must be paid to the problem of ______________.23.But both ______________ and ______________ have disadvantages.For example, ______________.Which to choose, ______________ or ______________? Careful consideration is necessary before you make your own choice.24.From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that ______________.25.We must search for a quick action, because the present situation of ______________ is grievous, if allowed to proceed, will certainly lead to ______________.26.No doubt, if we ignore the problem, there is every chance that ______________ will be put in danger.27.We need to take a second look at the matter from a wider standpoint, otherwise, we won’t ______________.28.It is high time that ______________.Here are some of the measures that might be taken immediately.29.In conclusion, we should know about the problem of ______________, and object to ______________.Only in this way ______________.30.Although it is affected by many factors, still there are certain ways that can make the situation better.The most import is ______________.Another way is ______________.Still another one is ______________.31.Many solutions are offered here, all of them make some sense, but none is adequate enough.The problem should be studied in depth.32.No easy method can be at hand to solve the problem of ______________.But the common recognition of the importance of ______________ might be the first step on the right way.33.It is clear, therefore, that the task of ______________ demands great attention.34.We may have a long way to go before we reach the final goal.But once we are on the way, the chance to reach it is greater.35.But for me, I would rather think of the matter in an optimistic way.Because I believe ______________.36.We all know the story of ______________.this lesson tells us that ______________, we should ______________.37.My own point of view is that ______________ is a normal behavior in our society.There is no doubt that ______________.As an old saying goes, ______________.38.If we can’t take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is ______________.39.However, this graph may not predict the entire situation in the future.I believe ______________.40.From the graph it is evident that ______________.41.From all the reasons above, we know that great changes had taken place in ______________.And I believe that ______________.42.Taking into account all of these factors, we may reach the conclusion that ______________.43.For the reasons given above, I strongly recommend that ______________.44.Given the factors I have just outlined, I believe that ______________.45.Therefore, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.46.Recognizing the fact that ______________ should lead us to conclude that ______________.47.In short, I support the statement that it is better to ______________ because ______________.48.After pondering this question on many occasions, I have finally reached the conclusion that ______________ is something I truly want to do and it is worthwhile.49.My point of view in ______________ largely results from the fact that ______________.50.Now after close examination, it is not difficult to draw the conclusion that ______________.51.From what has been discussed above, you can get your preference.Personally, I think ______________ has more advantages.52.On the one hand, it has helped china ______________.On the other hand, it has increased china’s ______________, and at the same time, made great contributions to our national development.53.In my opinion, to solve this problem there might be two ways.One way to tackle this question is ______________.Another way that is worth adopting is ______________.54.As far as I am concerned, I trust the advantages mentioned above exceed the disadvantages.55.For me, ______________ is a glory and it is the most important thing I have to take into feasible consideration.56.As regards me, I tend to pick ______________, for ______________.What’s more, ______________.57.If I were given a choice between ______________ and ______________, I would certainly prefer ______________.For me, ______________.

第五篇：新作文,作文宝囊

让你的作文飞腾起来

张恒

作文，应该是生活之树绽开的奇葩。其根也深，其果也甜。

生活是什么？

你的阅历是生活，你的见闻是生活，你亲身体验和积累的大千世界浮沉起落的一切一切，都是生活。

但是，也请你不要忘记——你感受别人的阅历，你品悟别人的见闻，你聆听别人讲述的大千世界的浮沉起落，当然也是生活。

这种感受、品悟、聆听，就是间接知识的汲取，就是第二经验的吸纳，就是对于文字信息的不断掌握，书面资料的不断占有。这种借助于他人之手的对于生活的积累，就是阅读。

如此，你的作文照样可以飞腾起来，翱翔起来。

一条精妙文字信息，能立刻使你的作文意趣盎然，一段精美的书面资料，能立刻使你的作文情采焕然，倘若你参加高考、中考或者其他需要亮相作文的考试，更能使你文思畅达，笔下生花，成绩斐然。

实际上，中学生的作文，绝大多数是根植于这样的生活之树，也只能根植于生活之树。

也许，你学业繁忙、时间紧张，你根本无暇去寻索、去搜集、去网罗这些文字信息。那些书面资料，而你又格外希望、特别需要这一切。

这里，就是我为你尽微薄之力的地方啦。

议临场应试论述类作文快速写作技法

一、临场应试胸有成竹，模式定位至关重要

论述类作文要想快速成文，具备一定的语言基础、占有想相当的资料无疑是基本的前提。而在临场应试中，如何以最短的时间理顺思路，安排好结构，则是更为关键的一环。不少考生的作文所以失误，其中很重要的原因是，拿到考题后心中无数，头绪茫然，苦思冥想也无法设定一个理想的构局。为避免此类情况，平时就需要熟悉一定的模式，临场时才能快速地进行构思定位。

模式，从思维学的角度看，是“一种反复出现的、以一定的格式排列的事物”，是“以特定方式组合的有规律的系统”。其实，模式就是一篇作文的基本轮廓、初步框架，一篇作文层次与层次的组合安排。中学生平时习见的一些常规结构类型，诸如所谓的平列论述、总分论述、递进论述等等，实际上就是作文的定位 模式。如能熟练地掌握，临场考试肯定会有好处。但人人都用，又可能落入俗套，影响得分。

有鉴于此，再熟悉一些更加别致、更有特色也并不难掌握的模式定位，临场应试就更可能从容不迫、应付自如，获得满意的分数。

对于中等水平的考生，对于特别发愁作文的考生，掌握这些模式定位，更是助其闯过难关的技巧法宝，增其必胜信念的心灵支柱。

现在，就针对800字左右的短论、漫谈、杂感一类论述作文，介绍四种可以立竿见影的实用模式及其基本定位形态。

1、联想式定位

这类作文的构思模式为“概括——联想——解析”三步定位

第一步，概括——这是一个由具体到抽象的过程。即首先推出可以论述命题的感性材料，然后通过挖掘材料蕴，概括出理性判断，表达作文的基本观点。

第二步，联想——这是一个由抽象到具体的过程。即在表达过基本观点的前提下，进入联想，通过联想推出与第一步中的感性材料相关的另外一类或者几类感性材料。这实际上是为论述作文的基本观点提供了新的依据，从而使第一步中概括的理性判断获得更加清晰的证明。

第三步，解析——这是一个由具体再到抽象的过程。即在联想之后，推出对作文所运用的感性材料的更进一步的剖析，做出整体阐释和更高层次的揭示，指出最后结论。

如作文《从罗思举驱猴所想到的„„》——

其第一步定位是:

我国清代笔记《清稗类钞》中，讲过一个很有意思的故事：四川某地多猴，不断糟害庄稼而久赶不去，青年罗思举就自告奋勇为民驱猴。他首先网住一只大猴，然后捆住脚爪，把猴毛剃了个一干二净，又将猴身涂上五颜六色的漆，并在尾部捆了一串鞭炮。次日猴群再来时，点燃鞭炮，放开了大猴。大猴急于归队，向着同伙狂奔，群猴却以为是什么妖怪追来，刹那间逃得无影无踪，再不敢来此骚扰。

这个故事在宋人洪迈的《夷坚志》中就有记述，罗思举或许只是照搬罢了。但毕竟告诉我们，人在处理问题时，一定要勤于思考，聪明运筹，学会用点智谋。

【论述命题的感性材料，从中概括出的理性材料，表达出基本观点】

其第二步定位是：

类似驱猴的故事，在历史和现实中都是很多的，宋人沈括《梦溪笔谈补》中记叙的丁谓修宫就是一例。

北宋真宗时，皇宫失火被毁，大臣丁谓受命重建。当时，建筑材料只能由水路运到汴河，距皇宫尚远，而建筑用土也要从很远处拉来，烧毁的瓦砾又须拉到郊外。针对此种情况，丁谓首先下令顺着皇宫前的大道开了一条长渠，将开渠的土用于建筑；而这条长渠又把汴河一直引到工地，运料船只就可以直接到达；皇宫修好后，再把瓦砾等回填到渠中，恢复了原来的大道。如此“一举而三役济，计省费以亿万计”。

【通过联想推出另一类相关感性材料，为论述基本观点提供了新的论据】

其第三步定位是：

一个善待动物的趣话，一件巧妙策划的绝招，难道不是很能给人一些启迪吗？

如今的社会，是一个五光十色的多彩世界。面对难以回避的一系列人生课题，光凭勇显然是不够的。就是说，有勇还必须有智、有谋。

智谋，是人成为高素质人才的首要条件，是竞争角逐中获胜求强的心灵财富。

智谋，常常意味着对常规认识的突破，对思维定势的超越；意味着视野的多向，探究的别致，遭遇困难、面临险境时的变通应对、灵活决策、异类求解和出人意料的奇招巧思。

所以，运用智谋，常常能够以弱制强，以少胜多，事半而功倍；运用智谋，常常可以避免不必要的牺牲损耗，少碰钉子少走弯路，迅速化不利为有利，变被动为主动，更顺利地达到目标。

我国古代的“兵圣”孙武子说过：“善出奇者，无穷如天地，不竭如江河。”法国怪杰拿破仑说过：“世上只有两种威力，剑与智慧；从长远看，剑总是被智慧制服。”让我们通过不懈努力，多学会点运用智谋，为自己的美好人生开辟一片新天地吧！

【联想之后进行更进一步剖析，做出整体阐释和更高层次的揭示】

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