[补全短文和完型填空]2012年职称英语 考前培训班重点资料

第一篇：[补全短文和完型填空]2012年职称英语 考前培训班重点资料

第五部分补全短文：

1）出题特点：①所有A级一样，B级一样，C级一样。难度较大

②核心是理顺空格前后句连贯一致。方法：放进去试试前后是否连贯

2）解题思路和解题步骤：①猜段落主旨（段落结构：A.每段一个意思，句首讲主旨，中间用例子和细节展开，后面总结；B先述通常情况做为铺垫，接下来通过对比转折到作者真正意图。特征是有转折词）依此理论排除根本不可能的选项，留下可能选项。

②先看短文后A-F 6个句子。

③后看短文，重点盯住每个填空处的前句和后句。空格句连通前后句，从而猜空格大致是什么，据此连贯理论排除根本不可能的选项，留下可能选项。

3）解题方法和技巧

①当先看A-F六个句子时，一定要划出“特定词”或“关联词”

特定词和关联词主要有：1.“连同、一起”，2.表时间的介词 3.代词，4.定冠词5.“the+名词” 6.复数人称代词7.单数人称代词 8.固定搭配：neither„nor,either„or, not only„but also等。

9、other, another  关联词为the+名词，前一句会出现the 后的名词。 关联词为the second，前一句会出现the first。 关联词为they, 上一句会出现复数名词。

 关联词为人名，依据男性人名或者女性人名，下一句将出现he或者she。

②当盯住每个填空处的前句或者后句时，要重点寻找与“特定词”或“关键词”相关的词，以便确定选项。

 重点词意思是”连同、一起”，说明重点词后的单词会在横线前一句出现。 重点词是表时间的介词，说明重点词后的单词会在横线前一句出现

 重点词是代词，说明横线前会出现与重点词相应单复数的人称代词或名词 4.重点词是定冠词，说明横线前会出现重点词后的词

 “the +名词”作主语，说明上一句有此名词，或下一句会出现it(单数)或they（复数）

 如果是复数人称代词，表示其指代复数名词，之前出现过复数名词或相应人称代词。 如果是单数人称代词，表示其指代单数名词，之前出现过单数名词或相应人称代词。 固定搭配：neither„nor,either„or, not only„but also等。 重点词是other, another等，说明横线前有与之相对应的情况。

③如无法确定，就要看懂填空处的前句或后句，以便从A-F6句中找出合乎逻辑，又相通相顺的一项。

4)提示：

a)细节句可能是答案尤其是涉及到数字的选项是答案 b)涉及到篇章逻辑连词副词可能是答案； c)最长项必是选项，EF常是选项； d)细节句常接连出现。

5）争取做正确一个，蒙正确一个。

第六部分：完型填空 1）出题特点：

a)各自独立，绝大多数出现在划定篇幅中，偶有从阅读理解中出题的可能性。b)文章有改变，特别是空格移位现象多见。选项变化时宜查词典与原来答案同意词就是答案。完形填空的换空率接近50% c)个别级别，特别是阅读押两道题者，有做为完型填空的可能性。2．要求：①以押题为重点。

②补全答案研习该篇，英汉对照阅读，搞懂每句话，熟悉空格处词义 ③出现空格移位时，空格内的词和原文的词义是同义替换（查词典）

第二篇：英语完型填空联系

On a hot summer day in late August, I sought shade and a cool drink at a waterfront café on a Greek island.Over a hundred degrees in 36 air.Crowded.Tempers（脾气）of both the tourists and waiters had 37to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment（环境）At the table next to mine sat an attractive, 38 couple, waiting for 39.They held Hands, whispered, kissed, and laughed.Suddenly they stood, picked up their 40 and stepped together 41 the edge of where they were sitting to place the table in the sea water.The man stepped 42 for the two chairs.He politely 43 his lady in the knee-deep water and then sat down himself.All people around laughed and cheered.44 appeared.He paused for just a second, walked into the water to 45 the table and take their 46, and then walked back to the47cheers of the rest of his48.Minutes later he returned carrying a bottle of wine and two glasses.Without pausing, he went49into the water to50 the wine.The couple toasted（祝酒）each other, the waiter and the crowd.And the crowd51 by cheering and throwing flowers to them.Three other tables52

to have lunch in the water.The place was now filled with laughter.One doesn‟t step into water in one‟s best summer clothes.Why not?Customers are not served53.Why not?Sometimes one should consider 54 the line of convention（常规）and enjoy55 to the fullest.36．A．fresh B．cool C．still D．Thin

37．A．managed B．expected C．attempted D．Risen

38．A．lonely B．curious C．well-dressed D．bad-tempered

39．A．cheers B．service C．attention D．flowers

40．A．metal table B．empty bottle C．chairs D．bags

41．A．on B．off C．around D．along

42．A．outside B．forward C．down D．back

43．A．led B．seated C．watched D．received

44．A．The manager B．A friend C．A waiter D．The servant

45．A．set B．wash C．remove D．check

46．A．menu B．bill C．food D．order

47．A．loud B．anxious C．familiar D．final

48．A．tourists B．customers C．fellows D．assistants

49．A．at last B．in time C．once more D．as well

50．A．change B．drink C．sell D．serve

51．A．replied B．insisted C．agreed D．Understood

52．A．prepared B．joined in C．settled up D．continued

53．A．with pleasure B．in the café C．in the sea D．with wine

54．A．following B．keeping C．limiting D．crossing

55．A．life B．wine C．lunch D．time

第三篇：中考英语完型填空

Someone says, “Time is money.” But I think time is important than money.Why? Because when money is spent, we can get it back.However, when time is it’ll neverThat’s we mustn’t waste time.It goes without saying that the is usually limited.Even a second is very important.We should make full use of our time to do useful.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people who do not know the importance of time.They spent their limited time smoking, drinking andThey do not know that wasting timeIn a word, we should save time.We shouldn’ttoday’s work for tomorrow.Remember we have no time to.1.A.muchB.lessC.much lessD.even more

2.A.costB.boughtC.goneD.finished

3.A.returnB.carryC.takeD.bring

4.A.whatB.thatC.becauseD.why

5.A.moneyB.timeC.dayD.food

6.A.nothingB.something C.anythingD.everything

7.A.readingB.writing C.playingD.working

8.A.timeB.foodC.moneyD.life

9.A.stopB.leaveC.letD.give

10.A.loseB.saveC.spendD.take

名师点评

文章讲述了时间的重要性。金钱用完了可以再来，但时间却是一去不复返。告诫我们要珍惜时间，不能虚度年华。

答案简析

1．D。该句中多音节形容词important的比较级应是 more important，用even来修饰比较级，故选 even more important。

2．C。这里表示时间流逝，故选gone。

3．A。时间流逝就不会再回来，根据文意应选return。

4．D。上文解释了我们为什么不能浪费时间，承接上文应用why。

5．B。时间的流逝悄无声息，故应选 time。

6．B。根据文意可知，我们应珍惜时间，做一些有用的事情，故选something。

7．C。该句列举了一些人浪费时间的例子，四个选项中只有playing能和smoking, drinking 相提并论，故选playing。

8．D。根据文意，浪费时间就是浪费自己的生命，故选life。

9．B。leave意为“留下，剩下”。根据文意，我们不能把今天的事留到明天做，故选 leave。

10．A。这里表示浪费时间，故选lose。

第四篇：2015职称英语理工A补全短文文章及译文

2015职称英语补全短文文章及译文

补全短文：第十一篇Virtual Driver

Driving involves sharp eyes and keen ears，analyzing with a brain，and coordination between hands, feet and brain.A man has sharp eyes and keen ears, analyzes through his brain, and maintains coordination between his hands and brains.He can control a fast-moving car with different parts of his body.(1)D But how does an intelligent car control itself? Apparently there isn't anyone in the driver's cab, but there is in fact a virtual driver1.This virtual driver has eyes, brains, hands and feet too.The minicameras on each side of the car are its eyes and are responsible for observing the road conditions ahead of it as well as the traffic to its left and right.If you open the boot, you can see the most important part of the automatic driving system： a built-in computer.(2)C This is the brain of the car.The brain of the car is responsible for calculating the speeds objects surrounding the car are moving at2，analyzing their position on the road，choosing the right path，and giving orders to the wheel and the control system.In comparison with the human brain, the virtual driver's best advantage is that it reacts quickly.(3)E It completes the processing of the images sent by the cameras within 100 milliseconds However, it takes the world's best racecar driver at least one second to react, and this doesn't include the time he needs to take action.With its rapid reaction and accurate control，the virtual driver can reduce the accident rate on expressways considerably.In this case, is it possible for us to let it have the wheel3 at ahy time and in any place?(4)Experts say that we cannot do that just yet.With its limited ability to recognize things, the car can now only travel on expressways.The intelligent car determines its direction by the clear lines that mark the lanes clearly and recognizes vehicles according to their regular shapes.(5)However, it cannot recognize moving people and bicycles on ordinary roads that have no clear markings on them.This being the case4, people still have high hopes about driverless cars，and think highly intelligent cars are what the cars of the future should be like.译文：虚拟驾驶员

驾驶需要敏锐的视觉与听觉，大脑分析，手、脚和大脑的协调配合。人具有敏锐的视觉与听觉能力，能用大脑进行分析，保持手和大脑的配合。人能用身体不伺部位来操控一辆快速行驶的 汽车，但是智能化的汽车怎样自动驾驶呢?显然驾驶室里无人驾驶，但事实上的确存在一个虚拟 驾驶员，它有眼睛、大脑和手、脚。汽车两边的小型照相机就是它的眼睛，负责观察前方的路况信息和左右两侧的交通状况。如果你打开车身后部的行李箱，你就会看到自动驾驶系统中最重要的部件：嵌入式计算机。它是汽车的大脑，这个大脑负责计算汽车周围物体移动的速度，分析它 在路上的位置，选择正确的道路，并对方向盘和操控系统下达指令。

与人脑相比，虚拟驾驶员最大的优点是反应快。对照相机发送的图像，能在100毫秒内完成 对其的分析处理。可是世界上最好的赛车手至少要1秒钟内才能做出反应，并且这个时间还不包 括他采取应对措施的时间。

由于虚拟驾驶员反应迅速，操控准确，它能大量减少高速公路的事故率。在这种情况下，是不是可以不分时间、不分地点都让虚拟驾驶员驾驶汽车?专家们认为目前尚不可以。由于虚拟 驾驶员识别物体的能力有限，目前这种智能化汽车只可以在高速公路上行驶。

智能汽车按清晰标出的车道线决定自己的行车方向，靠车辆的常规形状识别其他车辆。然而, 它却不能识别在普通道路上行驶的没有清晰标记的自行车和行人。虽然情况是这样，人们始终认为未来的汽车就应该是高度智能化的汽车。

第十二篇Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills

American scientists say musical training seems to improve communication skills and language retardation.They found that developing musical skills involves the same process in the brain as learning how to speak.The scientists believe that1 could help children with learning disabilities.(1)Nina Kraus is a neurobiologist(神经生物学家)at Northwestern University in Illinois.She says musical training involves putting together different kinds of information, such as hearing music, looking at musical notes, touching an instrument and watching other musicians.This process is not much different from learning how to speak.(2)A Both involve different senses.The further explains musical training and learning to speak each make us think about what we are doing2.She says speech and music pass through a structure of the nervous system called the brain stem.(3)F The brain stem controls our ability to hear.Until recently, experts have thought the brain stem could not be developed or changed.But Professor Kranss and her team found that musical training can improve a person's brain stem activity.The study involved individuals with different levels of musical ability.They were asked to wear an electrical device that measures brain activity.The Individuals wore the electrode while they watched a video of someone speaking and a person playing a musical instrument--the cello.(4)E Professor Krauss says cellos have sound qualities similar to some of the sounds that are important with speech.The study found that the more years of training people had, the more sensitive they were to the sound and rhythm of the music3.Those who were involved in musical activities were the same people in whom the improvement of sensory events was the strongest.(5)D It shows the importance of musical training to children with learning disabilities.She says using music to improve listening skills could mean they hear sentences and understand facial expressions better.译文：音乐训练可以提高交流技能

美国科学家称音乐训练可以提高交流技能并改善语言障碍。他们发现在大脑中，培养音乐技能和学习如何讲话所经历的过程是相同的。科学家发现，音乐训练可以帮助那些在学习上有障碍的儿童。

妮娜·克劳斯是伊利诺伊州西北大学的神经生物学家。她说音乐训练包括整合不同类型的信息，例如听音乐、看音符、触摸乐器和观察其他音乐家。这个过程和学习讲话并没有太大的不同，它们都需要不同的感官参与。

她又进一步解释了音乐训练和学习说话两者都使我们思考正在做的事。她说，话语和音乐都会通过称为脑干的神经系统组织，脑干控制我们的听力。直到近日，专家们还都认为脑干是不能被改善或改变的。但是克劳斯教授和她的团队却发现音乐训练可以改善一个人的脑干活动。

这项研究包含音乐能力水平各不相同的人。这些人被要求带上一种可以测量脑部活动的电极装置。在这些人带着电极装置的同时，他们会观看某人讲话和某人演奏乐器——大提琴——的视频。克劳斯教授说大提琴的音质和一些对演讲很重要的声音的音质非常相似。这项研究表明人们接收音乐训练的年份越长，其对音乐声音和节奏的敏感性也越高。那些接受过音乐训练的人在感官测试中取得的进步也最大。这表明了音乐训练对学习上有障碍的儿童的重要性。克劳斯教授说使用音乐来改善听力意味着儿童可以更好地听一些句子和更好地理解一些面部表情 +第十三篇（重点）Affectionate Androids

Computers are now powerful enough to allow the age of humanoid robots to dawn1.And it won’t be long before we will see realistic cyber companions, complete with skin, dexterity, and intelligence.They will be programmed to tend to your every need.Will we ever want to marry robots? Artificial intelligence researcher David Levy has published a book claiming human-robot relationships will become popular in the next few decades.____1 C And if you want to go ahead and tie the knot with your special electronic friend，Levy said that such marriages will be socially acceptable by around 2050.____ Will humans really be able to form deep emotional attachments to machines? It will, in fact, be relatively easy to form these strong attachments because the human mind loves to anthropomorphize: to give human attributes to other creatures—even objects.For example, researchers in San Diego recently put a small humanoid robot in with a toddler playgroup for several months.____2_ F The bot knew each child because it was programmed with face and voice recognition，and it giggled when tickled.___ The children ended up treating it as a fellow toddler.When it lay down because its batteries were flat，the kids even covered it with a blanket.In a few decades, when humanoid robots with plastic skin look and feel very real, will people want to form relationships with them? What if the bots could hold a conversation? And be programmed to be the perfect companions—soul mates, even? ____3 E Maybe your generation could resist, but eventually there will be a generation of people who grow up with humanoid robots as a normal part of life.____ And like those toddlers in the experiment, they will be very accepting of them.The next question, then, is whether there is anything wrong with having an emotional relationship with a machine.Even today there are people who form deep attachments to their pets and use them as substitutes for friends or even children.Few consider that unethical.____4__ B But a sophisticated robot will probably be even more attractive.__ For those who always seem to end up marrying the wrong man or woman, a robotic Mr.or Ms.Right could be mighty tempting.As the father of artificial intelligence, Marvin Minsky, put it when asked about the ethics of lonely older people forming close relationships with robots: “If a robot had all the virtues of a person and was smarter and more understanding, why would the elderly bother talking to other grumpy old people?”

A robot could be programmed to be as dumb or smart, as independent or subservient, as an owner desired.And that’s the big disadvantage.Having the perfect robot partner will damage the ability to form equally deep human-human relationships.People will always seem imperfect in comparison.When you’re behaving badly, a good friend will tell you.____5 D However, few owners will program their robots to point out their flaws.____ People in relationships have to learn to adapt to each other: to enjoy their common interests and to deal with their differences.It makes us richer, stronger, and wiser.A robot companion will be perfect at the start.However, there will be nothing to move the relationship to grow to greater heights.参考译文：计算机技术已经足够成熟，能支持人形机器人的诞生和普及，进人人形机器人的时代。那些有着人类的皮肤、敏捷性、智力的机器人已经离我们不远了。它们将被设计成能满足我们所有的需求。

我们会不会想和机器人结婚呢？人工智能研究人员大卫•莱维曾出版过一本书，在书中他认为，人与机器人之间的交互在几十年内将会变得很常见。而如果你想和你的特别的电子朋友恋爱结婚，莱维认为，这种婚姻关系将在2050年左右得到社会认可。

人们真的能够对机器产生深厚的感情吗？事实上，产生这种感情不难，因为人脑喜欢将物体拟人化，也就是给其他生物甚至物体赋予人类的特质。

比如说，圣地亚哥的研究人员曾将小型的人形机器人放置在一个儿童游乐场里几个月时间。：这个机器人认识每一个孩子，因为内在的程序系统赋予了他人脸识别和声音识别能力，并且当有人给它挠痒痒的时候它还会笑。最后,孩子们都把它当作自己的同伴。当它因为没电而躺倒在地的时候，孩子们甚至给它盖上毯子。

几十年之后，当人形机器人有着类似人类的皮肤，并且看上去和摸上去都非常像真人的时候，人们会不会想和它们发展深入的关系呢？要是机器人能进行对话，情况会怎样呢？要是编程能使它们变成完美的同伴，甚至心灵伴侣，结果会怎样呢？可能我们这一代人会反对这种情况，但是最终会有一代人将同机器人一同长大，将机器人视为正常生活的一部分。像实验中的这些机器人，他们很受欢迎。

下一个问题是，与机器人发展感情关系有没有什么问题。即使是现在，也有许多人对他们的宠物产生深厚的依恋，并以此替代朋友甚至孩子。很少有人认为这种行为有违道德。

但是，一个复杂的机器人将很可能变得更有吸引力。对于那些看上去老是和错误的人结婚的人来说，一个机器人伴侣可能非常有诱惑力的。人工智能之父马文•明斯基谈到孤独的老人与机器人产生亲密关系这一问题时说：“如果机器人有人类所拥有的所有美德，并且更聪明更善解人意，那么老人干吗还要费劲同另一个脾气暴躁的老人交谈呢?” —台机器人可以按照主人的要求被设定成蠢笨的，也可以设定成聪明的，或者性格独立的。而这正是机器人的一大缺陷。拥有这样一个完美的机器人伙伴会损害人们形成亲密的人与人之间关系的能力。人们同机器人比起来，总是显得不够完美。当你有做得不对的地方时，好朋友总是会告诉你.但是很少有人会将自己的机器人设定为会指出自己的不足。

处在人际关系中的人必须要学会互相适应：享受共同的兴趣，同时妥善处理分歧，这使得我们更充盈、更强大、更富有智慧。在一开始的时候机器人会显得很完美。但这对 于我们将关系深入发展没有益处。

第十四篇Robotic Highway Cones

A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels.F These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made milesThey can even be programmed to move on their own1 at any particular part of the day, said Shane Fanitor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time.____2 And they can return to the original place at the end of the day____ “It just seems like a very good application for robots,” Farritor said.“The robotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place，” Fanitor said in a report oh his creation.____3_ Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant.__The fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students2 at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides.“It would look exactly the same,” Farritor said.“Normally there’s a kind of rubbery, black base to them.____4 We replace that with a robot.____”

Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they3 might need.The robots could come in handy4 following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds.“That way you don’t have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation,5” Fanitor said.While6 prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere.Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next.____5_ He is thinking about starting a small business.__ He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who7 may benefit from them.译文：机器人高速路锥形路标

一名耐伯拉斯卡(Nebraska)大学的教授开发出了机器人锥形路标和路障。几英里以外的电脑就可以发出指令将这些机器人锥形路标和路障移开或者移入某一地点。耐伯拉斯卡大学机械工程助教谢恩·福瑞特说人们甚至可以编程让这些机器人路标和路障在一天的某个时段自行移动。

例如，如果工人们上午6点要在高速公路上施工，锥形路障就可以在这个时候从高速公路边上移动到施工的行车道上设置障碍。并且它们还能再一天工作结束后回到原地。福瑞德说：“这看起来是对机器人非常好的应用。”福瑞德还在他的一篇发明报告中说：“机器人还可以使人们从在高速公路上放置路标和路障的危险工作中解脱出来。”

这个想法起始于2002年国家科学研究院的一个授权项目。这项基金使得福瑞德可以和耐伯拉斯卡大学的研究生以及助理史蒂文·戈达德共同开发这个项目。

机器人被安装在锥形路标和路障的底部。它们非常 小，足以不改变这些路标、路障的原貌。福瑞德说：“它们看起来和普通的路标、路障一模一样。普通的路标、路障带有一个黑色的橡胶底座。现在的底座被换成了机器人。”

福瑞德和耐伯拉斯卡大学公路系的职员曾经探讨怎样才能使机器人最有利于他们的需要。

机器人可以用于缓慢移动的维护性的操作，例如在胃公路粉刷白色的标线操作中需要随时摆放和移动路标、路障的地方。福瑞德说：“采用了这种方法，人们就不用在施工中一次封锁10英里长的地带。”

虽然发明的样机已经做成了，但还没有投入使用。福瑞德说他已经申请了专利并且正在考虑下一步的打算。他计划开一家小型公司，并打算向公路部门和其他国内能受益于这项发明的地方推销。第十五篇A Memory Drug?

IT’S DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE MANY THINGS that people would welcome more than a memory-enhancing drug.____1_ B A memory enhancer could help eliminate forgetting associated with aging and disease.___ Furthermore, such a drug could help people remember past experiences more clearly and help us acquire new information more easily for school and at work.As scientists learn more about memory, we are closing in on this tantalizing goal.1

Some of the most exciting evidence comes from research that has built on earlier findings linking LTP2 and memory to identify a gene that improves memory in mice.The gene makes a protein that assists the NMDA2 receptor，which plays an important role in long-term memory by helping to initiate LTP.___ Mice bred to have extra copies of this gene showed more activity in their NMDA receptors，more LTP，and improved performance on several different memory tasks — learning a spatial layout3, recognizing familiar objects，and recalling a fear-inducing shock.If these basic insights about genes, LTP, and the synaptic basis of memory can be translated to people — and that remains to be seen — they could pave the way for memory-enhancing treatments.____3_ Like steroids for bulking up the muscles, these drugs would bulk up memory.___ As exciting as this may sound, it also raises troubling issues.Consider the potential educational implications of memory-enhancing drugs.If memory enhancers were available, children who used them might be able to acquire and retain extraordinary amounts of information, allowing them to progress far more rapidly in school than they could otherwise.How well could the brain handle such an onslaught of information? What happens to children who don’t have access to the latest memory enhancers? Are they left behind in school — and as a result handicapped later in life?

____4__What are the potential implications of memory-enhancing drugs for the workplace?__ Imagine that you are applying for a job that requires a good memory，such as a manager at a technology company or a sales position that requires remembering customers’ names as well as the attributes of different products and services.Would you take a memory-enhancing drug to increase your chances of landing the position? Would people who felt uncomfortable taking such a drug find themselves cut out of lucrative career opportunities?

Memory drugs might also help take the sting out of disturbing memories that we wish we could forget but can’t.4 The 2004 hit movie Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind told the story of a young man seeking just such freedom from the painful memories of a romantic breakup.As you will see in the section on persistence later in the chapter, emotionally arousing events often create intrusive memories, and researchers have already muted emotional memories with drugs that block the action of key hormones.Should emergency workers who must confront horrifying accident scenes that can burden them with persisting memories be provided with such drugs? Should such drugs be given to rape victims who can’t forget the trauma? Memory drugs might provide some relief to such individuals.But could they also interfere with an individual’s ability to assimilate and come to terms with a difficult experience? We may find ourselves struggling with these kinds of questions in the not-too-distant future.译文：记忆药物?

很难想象还有比能增强记忆力的药物更受人们欢迎的东西了。增强记忆的药物能让人消除因变老和疾病造成的遗忘。而且这种药物能够帮助人们更加清晰地记起过去的经历，更容易地在学习和工作中获取新信息。随着科学家对记忆了解增多，我们正在接近这一诱人的目标。

一些最激动人心的证据来自于一项研究，这项研究是基于早期通过将LTP 和记忆连接起来识别老鼠中能提升记忆力的基因所得到的发现。这种基因能够制造一种辅助NMDA 受体的蛋白质，这个受体通过帮助启动LTP而在长期记忆中起到重要作用。被喂养这种基因复制品的老鼠的NMDA受体表现得更活跃，具有更多的LTP，在许多不同的记忆实践中有更好的表现——学习空间布置，辨认熟悉物品，回忆起引起惊吓的冲击。

如果这些有关记忆基因、LTP 的基本认识和记忆的突触原理能够转用到人身上去——那还有待观察——那么它们就为增强记忆的治疗铺平道路。就像类固醇可以强壮肌肉，这些药物可以增强记忆。尽管听起来令人激动，它们也会引起令人苦恼的问题。考虑一下增强记忆的药物潜在的教育影响，如果记忆增强剂能够实现，使用它们的孩子就有可能获取并记住大量的信息，在学校里就比不用药物要进步更快。大脑对这些汹涌而来的信息能处理得多好?无法得到最新记忆增强剂的孩子该怎么办?他们在学校中就会落在后面，以后的人生就有残缺吗?

增强记忆的药物在职场潜在的影响又是什么?想象一下你正申请一个需要记忆力好的工作，比如一家科技公司的经理或需要记住顾客名字以及不同产品和服务特征的销售岗位。你会服用增强记忆的药物来增加你得到职位的概率吗?服用这种药物感到不舒服的人会失去获利颇丰的工作机会吗?

记忆药物使我们想忘记却又不能忘记的令人烦扰的记忆变得令人易于接受。2004年的卖座电影《美丽心灵的永恒阳光》讲述的是一个年轻人找寻能够摆脱爱情破裂的痛苦记忆方法的故事。正如你会在后面的情节中看到有关坚持不懈的那部分，从情感上唤起的事件经常能够形成令人烦恼的记忆，并且研究者已经用阻挡主要荷尔蒙活动的药物消除了情感的记忆。应该给那些必须直面恐怖的事故现场并且被相关记忆烦扰的急救人员提供这类药物吗?应该给那些不能忘记创伤的被强奸的受害者服用这些药物吗?记忆药物可能会给这些人带来一丝慰藉，但它们也会干扰一个人吸收消化的能力，以及对困境妥协让步的能力吗?在不久的将来，我们可能会发现自己在与这类问题做斗争。

第五篇：2014职称英语押题 理工C 完型填空[定稿]

完型填空：

第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend

It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land，”__7__ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cook’s fans __ 12 __ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was __13 __ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a __14__ from Britain.“But I am __15__ that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’ 练习：

1.A.finally

B.firstly

C.lately

D.usually 2.A.whose

B.who

C.which

D.what 3.A.some

B.none

C.neither

D.no

4.A.cinema

B.exhibition

C.shop

D.market 5.A.must

B.did

C.has to

D.does

6.A.discovering

B.visiting

C.traveling

D.using 7.A.then

B.now

C.past

D.previously 8.A.how

B.where

C.when

D.that 9.A.conversation

B.fight

C.meal

D.dance 10.A.however

B.until

C.after

D.whenever 11.A.helpfully

B.usefully

C.likely

D.readily 12.A.refuse

B.return

C.regain

D.reply 13.A.collected

B.washed

C.stored

D.buried

14.A.statement

B.suggestion

C.proposal

D.guess 15.A.safe

B.weak

C.sure

D.lucky 参考答案：

1.A.分析：借助搭配“..地已经结束了..”直接判断A(最终地)

2.B.分析：考察定语从句，从句需要主语，且该主语指代Captain James Cook，所以B合适。D。分析：考察否定副词。借助搭配特点—空格后直接出现了名词，所以D是答案(no否定名词)

4.B.分析：借助句子中的相关词语museum(博物馆)..display(陈列)直接猜测答案为B(展览会)

5.D.分析：借助上文时态—一般将来时，及与空格处的搭配结构—‘“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”…包括..’直接判断D为答案该题考点：上下文时态和定语从句。

6.A。分析：借助句子中出现的词语：explorers(探险家)…Great South Land，判断A(发现)是答案。

7.B。分析：该题考察插入语结构(插入语结构往往是对前面的名词/代词进行描述，或补充说明，该结构往往以定语(定语从句)，状语(状语从句)，或同位语的语法结构形式出现)

8.C.分析：空格前出现典型时间词1824，空格后是句子，所以直接判断when 可能是答案。考察：定语从句结构。

9.B.分析：该题考察上下文内容的呼应：前面出现“被棍棒打死”，所以这里选择B(打仗)最合适。

10.B.分析：借助空格所在结构的特点和搭配结构含义(持续到..)直接判断答案B(直到)。

11.C.分析：分析：根据空格相关结构含义(不是由cook的骨头制成，而是更..是由动物的骨头制成)判断C是答案。

12.A.分析：直接借助搭配结构特点(v.+ to 引导的不定式结构)判断A是答案。

13.D.分析：借助上文句意和该句句意(不是所有的cook的尸体都在1779年被。海里)判断D(埋葬)是答案。

14.A.分析：借助被选项的关系：suggestion和 proposal是近义词，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比较A和D，判断A((来自伦敦的)声明)正确。

15．C本题要选sure，表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。

译文：库克船长弓箭的传说

这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。

在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会 2

上展出弓箭。“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。

库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。

库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。

在19世纪90年代，弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。

但是，库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确，并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说：“在这个问题上，科技取得了胜利。我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。”

这听起来完全不对——在一块木头里面钻些洞让它更耐敲打。但是这确实有效，因为击打产生的能量分散到了整块木头上，而不是集中于一个薄弱点。这个发展应该导致更有效和更轻的包装材料的产生。

木匠们几个世纪以来都知道一些木头比另一些更结实。例如山胡桃木被用做斧柄和轮辐，因为它可以承受振击而不会断裂。列如白橡木容易损坏得多，尽管它的质地一样细密。巴斯大学的Julian Vincent和他的研究小组都认为木头的内部结构能够解释这些不同。

许多树都有导管，这些导管通向树干上方，把水输到叶子。在橡木里，这些管道很大，而且是呈窄带状，但是在山胡桃木中这些管道小得多，而且分布得更平均。研究者们认为这个布局能够分散打击的能量到整块木头止，以此吸收较重的打击。为了测试这个理论，他们在一块没有管道的云杉木上钻了一些0.65毫米的洞，发现它能够承受重大的打击。只有当每平方厘米超过30个孔时，木头抵御敲打的表现才会减弱。均匀的物质不太好抵御敲打，因为受到影响的只有一小部分物质，来自打击的所有能量在折断材料时都集中在一两个地方，留下的散片常常没有受到破坏。

Vincent说，这些洞可以提供很多薄弱点，当它们破裂时一起吸收能量，而不是使能量聚在一个地方。“你可以控制木头断裂的地方，它还可以吸收更多的能量，更安全。” 研究人员相信，这个原则可用于任何一种材料，例如可用于制造更轻、保护力更强的包装物。斯图加特的Max Plank金属研究学院的Ulrike Wegst说，这一原则还可用在汽车的减震器、保护杠和军事车辆的装甲板等东西上。但是她强调说你需要设计材料时考虑力的方向。她说：“负荷的方向是很关键的。”

第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are____1____ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ cause an avalanche, ____4____ acomplex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than25degrees or steeper than60degrees typically have a low

____5____ of avalanche.Snow does not____6____ significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not ____7____ easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest1 is____8____ 35 and45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is38degrees.The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is____9____ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with ____10____;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, die more lijkely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous____11____， including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also____13____ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.词汇：

avalanche n.雪崩 snowpack n.积雪场 terrain n.地形，地势

steep adj.险峻的，陆峭的 trigger v.引起，激发 incidence n.发生(率)ski v.滑雪

complexity n.复杂性 注释：

1.angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。

2.rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则' 3.Additionally：是一个副词，用来引人新的事实或论点，意为“此外”。4.backcountry：人烟稀少的地区 练习：

1.A among

B of

C to

D in 2.A when B that

C who

D whose 3.A mostly

B likely

C clearly

D surely 4.A are

B will be

C is

D was 5.A weight

B form

C risk

D work 6.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 7.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 8.A among

B between

C with

D for 9.A thick

B thin

C flat

D rocky 10.A use

B time

C snow

D rain 11.A journey

B trip

C fact

D process

12.A conditions

B reports

C forecast

D event 13.A increase

B reduce

C improve

D remove

14.A price

B effort

C attention

D money 15.A missing

B grown

C big

D fresh 答案与题解：

1.A 表“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在……之中)。

2.B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。

3.B 选项A不合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。

5.C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。

6.D 第6题和第7题可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。

7.B 见注释6。

8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35° ~45°之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。

9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此作“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。

10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择,整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能发生。

11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩以及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。

12.A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。

13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。

14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句意。

译文：雪崩和安全问题

雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和水沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人们生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。

所有雪崩都是由于物质的过渡负荷造成，通常是积雪堆积过厚，很不稳固，超出了山坡面的承载能力。要确定山坡的临界承载量，可能造成突然雪崩的负荷量是一项很复杂的任务，需要衡量多个因素。

通常倾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡发生雪崩的危险要小一些。积雪不会在陡峭的山坡上大量堆积，同样也不会在平缓的山坡上快速滑动。当雪在静止状态下的角度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。人为引发雪崩的临界角度是38度，是最易人为引发雪崩的角度。常规经验是：一个平缓的足以堆积积雪，同时陡峭的适合人们滑雪的山坡，无论角度如何，都有可能产生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危险随着使用的增加而增加，换言之，滑雪者活动得越频繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的复杂性，冬天在人烟稀少的地区旅行从来不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一个连续的过程，包括选择路线、检查积雪、了解天气状况及其他人为因素。以下几个广为人知的好习惯也可以降低风险：如果当地权威部门发布了雪崩警报，你应当予以考虑，加以注意。绝不要不加审度，就立刻接受他人意见。积雪自形成的那时就几乎注定要发生变化。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。

第四篇Animal’s “Sixth Sense”

A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.Wild animals,____1____, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for____2____, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly____3____ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not____4____ a dead rabbit.I think animals can____5____ disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening,” H.D.Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack.The____6____ washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife____7____ and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of____8____ evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior____9____ at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no____10____ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2，” he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this____11____ ·

“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain____12____ especially birds...there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters/’ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals____13____ rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or____14____ other mythical power — is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Larika’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls____15____ omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.词汇：

tsunami n.海啸

trigger v.引发，触发 ravaged adj.被毁坏的 leopard n.豹 eruption n.喷发 migrate v.迁移

volcanic adj.火山的

concur v.(with)同意，赞成 impending adj.迫近的 predator n.食肉动物 mythical adj.神话般的 owl n.猫头鹰

omen n.预兆，征兆 endow v.赋予 注释：

1.adds weight to notions that：更加相信

2.field setting：field意为“实地，野外”，setting意为“环境”。field setting可译为“野外环境”。3.enduring one：由来已久的信念。one指代在句首出现的notion。enduring意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：

1.A therefore

B however

C although

D whatever 2.A shelters

B foods

C disasters

D water 3.A missed

B protected

C raised

D caught 4.A such

B too

C so

D even 5.A feel

B see

C hear

D sense

6.A waves

B tides

C winds

D rivers 7.A birthplaces

B playground

C reserve

D storage 8.A experimental

B apparent

C scientific

D chemical 9.A specialist

B assistant

C supporter

D sponsor 10.A additional

B specific

C especial

D exceptional 11.A modification

B detection

C assessment

D value 12.A route

B behavior

C principle

D phenomenon 13.A unwillingly

B occasionally

C doubtfully

Dcertainly 14.A some

B much

C many

D few 15.A on

B as

C for

D in 答案与题解：

1.B 第一句说的是海啸造成了巨大的人员伤亡，第二句说的是动物能逃脱海啸的袭击。两

句意思相反，所以要用however承接上文。

2.C 上文说的是：海啸是一种自然灾害，所以“sixth sense”范围只能是disasters，不能是shelters，foods或water。

3.A 本句继续在对比海啸造成的人员伤亡和动物能逃脱海啸这一现象。答案应该是选项A(missed)。其他三个选项的词义与上下文都不相配。

4.D 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：没有大象死亡，甚至连一只野兔或兔子也没有死亡。“甚至”的英语是even。

5.D 全文说的是动物的第六感觉，而feel(触觉)，see，hear都属于前五个感觉，所以不是正确答案。

6.A 本说的是海的巨浪将洪水带到离海岸远达2英里的地方。正确答案应该是waves。

7.C 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：Yala国家公园是斯里兰卡野生动物最大的保护区，而birthplaces(出生地)、playground(操场)和storage(储存)都与上下文表达的意思接不上，因此不是答案。reserve的意思是“保护区”，不是“储备”或“保留”。因此，选项C是答案。

8.B 下一句说，这些迹象(evidence)并没有被证实。因此，这些迹象不可能是scientific的。而experimental和chemical的词义与上下文不配合，因此也不是答案。只有apparent(明显的)与上下文的意思相配。apparent的迹象还需得到科学的验证。

9.A 在动物园里工作并发表对动物行为的专业性见解的人一定是专家学者(specialist)。其他三个选项都不合适。

10.B 本段第一句是说明为什么evidence没有得到科学验证。原因是科学家无法在实验室或野外进行特定的实验，以验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉。理解了上下文的意思，就知道选specific是最合适的。其他三个选项的词义与上下文不符，additional，especial和exceptional分别是“额外的”、“特别的”和“例外的”意思。

11.C concurred with(同意)支配的宾语应该是view，opinion，judgment这一类词。前面句子说的是某位科学家指出无法验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉的困难所在，其他专家也同意这一看法，所以选assessment是正确的。

12.D 本句说的是动物特别是鸟有捕捉灾难来临前某些征兆的能力。route(路线)、behavior(行为)和principle(原则)与上述意思相去甚远，只有phenomenon是答案。

13.D 根据常识判断，动物是要依赖味觉、听觉等逃避食肉动物的攻击。unwillingly(不情愿地)occasionally(偶尔)和doubtfully(怀疑地)与上述意思有俘，只有certainly是合适的选项。

14.A 从本句的意思判断，应该是“某种神奇的能力”,所以要选some。

15.B 本句的意思是“将……看成”，而英语的用词是see...as，所以要选as。

译文：动物的“第六感”

2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非数万人死亡。但野生动物们似乎躲过了可怕的海啸的袭击。有专家表示，这进一步证实了动物对自然灾难有“第六感”的观点。斯里兰卡负责野生动物的官员表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海岛沿岸，淹死了两万四千多人，但野生动物似乎都幸免于难，目前尚未发现一具动物的尸体。

斯里兰卡野生动物部门的副部长H.D.拉特纳亚克在海啸袭击过后一个月说道：“没有一头大象死亡，甚至没有一只野兔死亡。我认为动物能够感知灾难。它们有‘第六感’，它们知道灾难何时发生。”海洪冲向离岸二英里远的亚拉国家公园，这里是斯里兰卡最大的野生动物保护区，生活着几百头野生大象和一些美洲豹，海啸引发的洪水使亚拉国家公园所在的东南部地区变得一片狼藉。

“每当火山爆发或地震发生前，动物们的行为就会发生许多异常，比如犬吠或鸟类迁徙，但这些现象尚未得到科学证明。”南非约翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修·范·利罗普说。他对路透社记者说：“目前还没有这方面的专门研究，因为你无法在实验室或实际环境中进行真正的试验。”其他专家也同意这一看法。

“野生动物似乎能够感知某些特殊现象，尤其是鸟类。很多报告显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。”克莱夫?沃克这样说，他曾经写过数本关于非洲野生动物的书。

一些动物确实是依靠嗅觉或听觉等人类已知的官能来躲避危险的，比如食肉动物。

关于动物“第六感”(或者其他神秘力量)的说法已有很长时间，斯里兰卡被摧残的海滩可能会为这一说法再添一笔证据。

罗马人把猫头鹰视为迫近凶险的征兆，很多古代文明都将大象看做拥有特殊能力或特征的“圣兽”。

第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

If you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans.“It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio，” she says.“Its life-saving potential is great.”

She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room.It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university.She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band.Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs.They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.词汇：

directional adj.定向的 exit n.出口 install v.安装

residential adj.居住的 static n.静电噪声 potential n.潜力

thermal-imaging热效应成像 pinpoint v.精确地确定 concept n.概念，观念 emergency n.紧急情况 grant n.授予物，准许 注释：

1.在谓语动词中，不能并列使用两个情态动词，如may和can就不能并列使用。如果由于表达需要，要同时用“可能”和“能够”，就得说(写)成may be able to。如： I may be able to come tomorrow, but I cannot promise.我可能明天来，但我不可能作出承诺。2.that指第一句所表达的意思。

3....find their way out of...：意为“找到从出去的路”。练习：

1.A without

B with

C having

D selling 2.A run by

B changed by

C decorated by

D criticized by 3.A slow

B deaf

C blind

D lame 4.A Alarms

B Alarm

C The alarm

D The alarms 5.A noise

B sound

C music

D bell 6.A watched

B produced

C learnt

D heard 7.A where

B what

C that

D how 8.A smoked

B smoke-filled

C filled with smoke

D smoke-filling 9.A has taken

B takes

C took

D will take 10.A on

B near

C without

D from 11.A processes

B produces

C possesses

D proceeds 12.A feature

B quality

C diagram

D source

13.A basis on

B base on

C basing on

D based on 14.A or

B and

C but

D otherwise 15.A developed

B determined

C discovered

D delivered 答案与题解：

1.B 空格后是一种装置，用它来改变火灾时找不到出口的危险境况。表达“用……装置”这层意思就要用介词with。其他几项均不符合句子的意思。

2.A Sound Alert是一家公司的名字，a company是Sound Alert的同位语，根据句意判断，应选择run by，意为“由……经营的”。其他选项虽然语法正确，但都与句意不符。

3.C 从文章标题以及文章内容和本句后面部分resource center for the blind，可以推断这里最好的选择就是C。

4.D 因为这种警告装置已在上文中提到：第一段中的directional sound alarms，第二段中的installing the alarms in a residential home...，所以这里的alarms是特指，要用定冠词。选项C是错误的，因为它是单数形式。

5.B 句子的前半句有a wide range of frequencies,发出来的应该是sound，而不是令人烦躁的noise。用music或bell都有些突然，与上下文的意思不连贯。

6.D 文章一直在讨论警报器、声音和波长，所以首先排除选项A;从上下文的意思看，不可能是选项B和C，因为警报器的制造，就是为了让失明的人听到。

7.C 选择A、B、D均不能构成语义连贯的句子，而且语法上也有问题。选项C能使句子结构成为“It is...that”的强调句型。

8.B 从所给的选项可以看出，这里要表达的意思是“烟火弥漫的房间”。有了这个理解，现在要做的就是选择正确的表达形式。A是“烟熏的”，D是“使……烟火弥漫的”，所以意思不对，C填入后就出现filled with smoke room，不符合语法。只有B是正确选项。

9.C 这里显然是“It takes somebody+time+动词不定式”的句型，但选择什么时态是关键。从上句看，应选择一般过去时，因为整个段落是对一次实验的描写，而且上面一句也使用了一般过去时。

10.C 后半句的one指上半句中的a sound alarm。该句上半句和下半句由but连接，表示相反的意思，从后半句的with可以看出，两个相对比的事物是:the door without a sound alarm和the door with a sound alarm，所以选择C。

11.A 选项B、C和D显然是错误的，因为词义不符。只有选项A是答案。句子的意思是，Withington在她的大学里研究大脑如何处理声音。

12.D 句子中的more...than表示该句是对两样事物的对比。than后面是the source of a narrow band,这里的narrow和前半句的wide形成反比，从上下文中可以看出，the source of a narrow band of(frequencies)是和the source of a wide band of frequencies形成对比。

13.D 这个句子有主语alarms，有谓语have been installed，这里应填入动词的分词形式。be based on是常用的搭配，所以应选择动词的过去分词形式。选项A的basis是名词，明显是错的。

14.A 根据上半句中的rising or falling frequencies，这里应填入or，与上半句表达的意思相一致。音频升高表示上楼，音频降低表示下楼。

15.A首先确定主语They指的是第一句中的主语The alarms，后半句说这种设备得到大笔

资助。根据上文内容，我们知道资助的目的是开发这种alarms，所以应该选择developed。

译文：警报器救盲人

如果看不见，那你可能会因找不到路而逃不出一幢失火楼房，那将是致命的。英国利兹市的一家公司发明的一种可指方向的警报器可能会把你引向出口。声音警报是一家由利兹大学设立的公司。该公司现在正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷亚的一家盲人资源中心安装此种装置。这种警报器发出的频率范围广，使人脑可以判断出声音的来源。

该公司的戴博拉?威星顿称此种警报器使人类可以听到大部分音频。她说：“它们是一种突发的频谱连续而均匀的声音。人们感觉它们听上去就像是收音机发出的静电噪声，其在救人方面潜力巨大。”

她进行了一次试验。她让人们在一所充满浓烟的大屋子里设法找到出路，同时她用热效应成像摄像机进行拍摄。在没有警报器时，这些人用了近4分钟才找到门，而在警报器的指引下，只用了15秒。

她在大学里对人脑如何处理声音进行研究，并提出与波段窄的频率相比，人们更易发现波段宽的音响源。基于此理论的警报器已被应用于急救车上。这种警报器也容纳了音频的升降，以指示人们上下楼。这种设备是得到英国核燃料组织的大笔资助才开发成功的。