完型填空：职称英语(理工类B级)考前预测押题试卷

第一篇：完型填空：职称英语(理工类B级)考前预测押题试卷

完型填空：职称英语(理工类B级)考前预测押题试卷

第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Crashed Cars to Text Message for Help

There is no good place to have a car crash--but some places are worse than others.In a foreign country, for instance, 51 to explain via cell-phone that you are upside down in a ditch when you cannot speak the local language can fatally delay the arrival of the emergency services.But an answer may be at hand.Researchers funded by the European Commission are beginning tests of a system called E-merge that 52 senses when a car has crashed and sends a text message telling emergency services in the local language that the accident has taken place.The system was 53 by ERTICO, a transport research organization based in Brussels, Belgium.Cars are fitted with a cell-phone-sized device attached 54 the underside of the dashboard which is activated by the same sensor that triggers the airbag in a crash.The device 55 a cell-phone circuit, a GPS positioning unit, and a microphone and loudspeaker.It registers the severity of the crash by 56 the deceleration data from the airbag's sensor, Using GPS information, it works out which country the car is in, and from this it determines 57 which language ot compose an alert message detailing precise location of the accident.The device then automatically makes a call to the local emergency services 58 If the car's occupants are conscious, they can communicate with the operator 59 the speaker and microphone.E-merge also transmits the vehicles make, model, color and license number, and its heading when it crashed, which in turn indicates on which side of a multi-lane highway it ended up.This 60 the emergency services find the vehicle as soon as they arrive on the scene, “We can waste a large 61 time searching for an incident,” says Jim Hammond, a(an)62 in vehicle technology at the Association of Chief Police Officers in the UK.Tests will begin soon with police car fleets in the UK.Trials have already started in Germany, Sweden, Spain, the Netherlands and Italy.In-car systems that summon the emergency services after a crash have 63 been fitted in some premium cars.ERTICO says that 64 EU states are willing to fund the necessary infrastructure;E-merge could be working by 2008.A study by French car maker Renault concluded that the system could save up to 6000 fo the 40,000 lives lost each year on Europe's roads, and prevent a similar number of serious in-juries.The Renault study estimates that fitting E-merge to every car in Europe would eventually save around 150 billion per 65 in terms of reduced costs to health services and insurance companies, and fewer lost working days.51 A try B tried C trying D having tried 52

A automatically B accidentally C tremendously D usually 53

A changed B located C developed D copied 54 A by B up C about D to 55

A forms B is consisted of C composes of D includes 56 A read B reading C reads D being read 57 A on B in C of D at 58

A car maker B policeman C doctor D operator 59 A via B near C by D beside 60

A assists B causes C makes D helps 61

A number of B deal of C amount of D volume of 62

A writer B reporter C expert D leader 63

A already B long ago C long before D shortly 64

A although B nevertheless C however D if 65 A city B year C person D country 参考答案: 51 C这个句子的主语、谓语和宾语结构是：trying to explain…＋can fatally delay＋the arrival of…。trying to explain…是动名词短语在句中充当主语。A和B都不符合语法要求，D也不是正确选项，因为句子的内容没有“已经试图解释……”的意思。52 A本句说的是研究人员在试验一种能自动感知车祸并向有关部门传送车祸信息的先进装置。从意思上判断，这里只能选A，其他三个选项都不符合句意。53 C从上下文判断，这套system指的是第二段的正在试验的车祸感知通报装置，所以选developed是正确的。其他三个选项都不符合句意。

D attached在这里是动词的过去分词作后置定语，修饰a cell-phone—sized device。be attached to：被连接在……上，在这里的意思是“被安装在……上”。55 D选项A的forms意思不对。选项B的is consisted of用法错误，consist of只用主动语态。选项C的composes of也是用法不对，compose of要用be composed of形式。D是正确答案。56 B这个句子说，装置通过读取来自气囊感应器的减速数据来记录翻车事故的严重性。By doing sth．的意思是“通过做……的方法。”read在这里的意思是：to obtain information读取资料。

B本题必须使用介词in。…it determines in which language to compose an alert message装置做出用什么语言来编写紧急信息的决定。再举一个例子来解释in的这种用法：The alert message is composed in Chinese．用中文来编写紧急信息。58 D从上下文的意思来看，装置自动打电话给接线员，然后接线员与车内人通话。所以应该选择D。

A via的意思是by means of(凭借)，后面往往跟名词，如：sent the letter via airmail。其他选都不符合句意。60 D从句子的结构看，不能选择A和B，因为它们的用法是：assist(cause)sth．or sb．To do sth．，而在这个句子里find之前没有动词不定式标志to。make sb．do的结构中不带to，但make的意思不符合句意。选项D的helps是答案，因为help的用法是help sb．(to)do。

C a large number of用来修饰可数名词，如“a large number of books”；deal常常和great连用，如：a great deal of time。a large(或great)amount of修饰不可数名词，所以C是正确选择。

C从上下文意思判断，只能选expert。

A根据句意和时态，应该选择A。shortly的意思是“很快”。long a9o必须与过去时一起使用，long before应该与过去完成时一起使用。

D选项A和B引导让步状语从句，不符合句子的意思；however不能引导从句；这里应该使用条件状语从句，所以D是正确选项。65 B选项在此意为：每一。save around 150 billion per year每年节约大约1，500亿欧元。从上下文意思判断，只能选year。

第二篇：2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(-)

2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(一)第一部分 词汇选项

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.force

B.influence

C.surprise

D.power

2、Can you follow the plot?

A.change

B.investigate

C.write

D.understand

3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physical

B.mental

C.natural

D.hard

4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.result

B.judgment

C.decision

D.event

5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.A.statements

B.beliefs

C.suggestions

D.claims

6、Up to now, the work has been easy.A.So

B.So long

C.So that

D.So far

7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A.supposed

B.excited

C.suggested

D.discussed

8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A.Therefore

B.Afterwards

C.However

D.Furthermore

9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A.view

B.sight

C.look

D.point

10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tensely

B.nearly

C.carefully

D.closely

11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.explained

B.invented

C.considered

D.accepted

12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavy

B.strong

C.kind

D.wild

13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.making

B.taking

C.discussing

D.expecting

14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..A.waste

B.buy

C.use

D.sell

15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.function

B.ability

C.power

D.volume 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Computers

Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States —— one for every 10 citizens.It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop

A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes(回声).Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.Sounds or ultrasonic(超声的)sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects.So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3.Radar is now a familiar tool.Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication.They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，D IC.to a vehicle across the river.They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships.They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.The word “radar,” in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection(检测)and ranging.” “Ranging” is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone.Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar.Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Study of Sound

B Highway Police

C Working Principles

D Early Use of “Radar”

E Useful Tools

F Discovery by Chance Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.Ultrasonic device were used to__________.Police use radar on highways to__________.Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objects

B determine the depth of the ocean water

C decide how fast you drive

D stop passing ships

E map the ocean floor

F observe water flow 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇

Ocean Noise Pollution

Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels(分贝)measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in.oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed(出血)and become infected(感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?

A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.，33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?

A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?

A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?

A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇

Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies

In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the companymay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career，D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A Family and company interests are equally important

B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……

Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control，40 The passage mainly discusses__________.A how lifetime employment works in Japan.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇

Dreams of Flight

The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax(2)into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water.Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight.He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres(空心球).ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter(直径)and made of very thin copper.But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped(摆动)their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same.So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented.Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines.It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?

A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.A he flew too far.B he flew too high.C he fell to the ground，D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed

According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

The Building of the Pyramids

The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.__________(46)There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47).These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)

Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50)You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Transportation

For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation(运输).Before the(51)of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe.Traders sometimes(52)to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals.Each animal often carried(53)400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day.This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the “ships of the(54).”

Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very(55)time.One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000(56).In addition, trains use special cars for their load.Refrigerator cars carry food;boxcars carry heavy goods;stock cars carry animals;and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too.The earliest planes were biplanes(双翼飞机), with(57)sets of wings.The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour.The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air.The plane(58)sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip.It used to be(59)to fly in bad weather.In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy.Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes.Monoplanes(单翼飞机)took the(60)of biplanes.Pilots flew inside of covered cabins.Still, even these planes were small and expensive.Only(61)people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people.No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet.Further improvements have(62)the cost of flying, and they have made air travel(63)safer than it used to be.A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour.People(64)used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65)these things are a normal part of air travel!

A age B series C year

D period

A ought B added C used

D led

A away B as many as C out

D as much as

A desert B trains C transportation D goods

A quick B short C good

D no

A camels B ships C pounds

D cars

A one B three C two

D four

A wings B engines C pilots D speed

A probable B possible C improbable

D impossible

A seat B pace C place

D vacancy

A technical B rich C those

D professional

A got rid of B raised C avoided

D lowered

A much B so C very

D such

A sometimes B occasionally C neither

D never

A But B So C Now

D However 参考答案:

词汇选项

1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD

阅读判断

16.A

17.B

18.B

19.A

20.B 21.C

概括大意

23.D

24.F

25.C

26.B

27.E

28.B

29.C

30.A

阅读理解

参考答案：

31.C

32.B

33.A

34.D

35.B

36.C

37.A

38.D

39.B

40.A

41.D

42.C

43.D

44.D

45.A

补全短文

46.F

47.A

48.B

49.D

50.C

完形填空

46.F

47.A

51.A

52.C

56.A

57.C 48.B

49.D 53.B

54.A 58.C

59.D 50.C 55.B 60.C

第三篇：2014职称英语押题 理工B 完型填空

完型填空：

第十篇Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights Loneliness Mashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries, ____1____ according to a study inPsychological Science, they’re good for your heart and____2____.“comfort food1 ” and how it makes people feel.“For me____3____, food has always played a big role in my family”, says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student2 at the University of Buffalo3，and lead author4 on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co-author Shira Gabriel.It has____4____ non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their____5____ TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect____6____ making people think of their nearest and dearest5.In one experiment, in order to make____7____ feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment.Then, some people in each____8____ wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.____9____ the researchers had participants____10____ questions about their levels of loneliness6.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally____11____ in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food.“We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us,” says Troisi.u Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others.” In ____12____ essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the____13____ of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,____14____ chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if7 they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives8 they experience stress, often associated with our ____15____ with others, “Troisi says.‘‘Comfort food can be an easy remedy for loneliness.词汇：

mashed / mæʃt / adj．被捣成糊浆的 macaroni / ,mækə'rəʊnɪ / n．通心粉 cheese / tʃiːz / n．奶酪 artery / 'ɑːtərɪ / n．动脉

assignment / ə'saɪnmənt / n．指定作业

reminder / rɪmaɪndə / n．起提醒作用的东西 remedy / remɪdɪ / n．治疗方法，药物 virtual / vɜːtjʊəl / adj．虚拟的

注释：

1．comfort food：爽心食品 2．graduate student：研究生

3．The University of Buffalo：布法罗大学，建校于1846年，位于水牛城（Buffalo City），属于纽约州立大学，因此称为纽约州立大学水牛城分校。4．lead author：首席作者

5．their nearest and dearest：他们最接近和最亲爱的人 6．levels of loneliness：孤独程度 7．only if：只有（在……情况下）

8．Throughout everyone’s daily lives：在每一个人的日常生活中。through有“贯穿”的意思。练习：

1．A but B if C though D while 2．A personality B movement C emotions D will 3．A privately B usefully C awfully D personally 4．A looked for B looked at C looked after D looked up 5．A favorite B trustful C boring D annoying 6．A with B on C by D at 7．A professors B participants C assistants D scientists 8．A group B class C section D part 9．A Previously B Formally C Initially D Finally 10．A remember B explain C rewrite D complete 11．A sad B secure C shy D angry 12．A your B our C his D their 13．A accident B harm C experience D model 14．A eating B exchanging C buying D keeping 15．A expressions B estimation C cooperation D connections 答案与题解：

1．A 本句前半句说土豆泥、通心粉等对血管有害（bad），后半句说这些食物对心脏有利（good）。很明显，前半句与后半句意思相反，所以要选转折连接词but加以连接。

2．C 根据常识判断，吃土豆泥不会对personality（性格）movement（移动）或will（意志力）产生有利影响。随后的文章，多处提到吃爽心食品（comfort food）有助于排解孤独感。所以，选emotions是正确的。

3．D 本题的答案是personally。For me personally（就我个人而言）与下文的意思很连贯。privately（私下地）、usefully（有用地）或awftilly（可怕地）与下文的意思搭不上，所以不会是答案。

4．B 本题的答案是looked at。“looked at non-human things”相当于“studied（研究）non-human things”，与上下文的意思很匹配。looked for（寻找）、looked after（照顾）和looked up（查找）与下文的意思搭配不上。

5．A 本句的意思是：人们为了排解孤独感，常常把自己和电视剧、流行歌曲歌手等等联系起来。选项中有四个形容词，应该选哪一个形容词去修饰TV shows呢？应该选褒义的形容词：favorite（喜爱的）或trustful（可信任的）。但对电视剧来说谈不上信任的问题。favorite最合理，是本题答案。

6．C 上一句说到，人们为了排解孤独感，常常把自己和喜爱的电视剧、流行歌曲歌手等联系起来。于是Troisi和Gabriel想，通过吃爽心食品让他们想起亲近的人，是不是也能产生同样的排解孤独感的效果呢？四个介词中只有by的词义是“通过”。其余三个介词在词义上都不合适。

7．B 选professors（教授）、assistants（助手）或scientists（科学家）不合常理，科学家选实验对象时不会选他们。participants（参与者）是本题的答案。

8．A 本题应该选group，备每一组的参与者。用class（班级）、section（部门）或part（部分）在意义上显然都不合适。

9．D 本段叙述试验的几个步骤。第一步要一部分受试者描写与亲人的争斗，其他受试者写情感上中性的话题。第二步（文中用then加以连接）将上述两组受试者中的每一组再一分为二，一些人描写吃爽心食品的经历，另一些人描写吃新食品的经历。接下来应该是第三步了。从四个选项中寻找，只有Finally最合适，原来第三步就是最后一步了。

10．D 实验的最后一步是受试者被要求书面回答10个问题。complete是答案。要求他们remember（记住）、delete（删除）或rewrite（重写）questions都不合乎逻辑。

11．B 与亲近的人争吵会引发孤独感，但是，一般来说，人们的关系若是通常处于什么状态，通过写出他们吃爽心食品的经历会降低他们的孤独感呢？一定不会是sad，shy或angry，答案应该是secure（稳定的）。

12．D 修饰essays的所有格代词在人称与数上要与they一致，所以their是答案。

13．C “eating food with family and friends”是一种experience（经历），不会是一个accident（事故）、harm（危害）或model（样式）。很明显，experience是本题的答案。

14．A 文章中几次提到吃爽心食品有助于缓解孤独感，所以本题选eating是很自然的。其他三个选项，exchanging（交换）、buying（买）或keeping（保留）若填入句子中，与后面的宾语chicken soup in the lab连用，意思上说不通。

15．D 本题的答案是connections。其他三个选项在意思上都不合适。

第九篇Wonder Webs

Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet____1____ enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength? A type of super-resilient____2____ called dragline.When the female spider is ready to____3____ the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along____4____ to spin the web’s trademark spiral.Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver____5____ her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years1.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made____6____used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original____7____and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes____8____.It is no____9____ manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: high-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run2.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady____10____ of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars — but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not____11____ because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The____12____ step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant trie genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their____13____.“The young goats pass on the silk-making gene without____14____ help from us,” says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning process，but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers____15____ the real thing snags bugs.词汇：

orb / ɔːb / n．圆状物 snare / sneə(r)/ v．诱捕 snap / snæp / v．（网）戳破，迅速弹回 resilient / rɪ'zɪlɪənt / adj．弹回的 dragline n．（蜘蛛的）避敌丝 spoke / spəʊk / n．辐条 nozzle / 'nɒzl / n．喷嘴

trademark / 'treɪdmɑːk / n．标记，特征 spiral / 'spaɪərəl / n．螺旋形

handiwork / 'hændɪwɜːk / n．手工制品 bullet-proof / 'bulitpru:f / adj．防弹的

tensile / 'tensaɪl / adj．可拉长的，张力的 strand / strænd / n．绳，线之一股

clamor / 'klæmə(r)/ v．大嚷，强烈要求 pipeline / 'paɪplaɪn / n．管道，渠道 stocking / 'stɒkɪŋ / n．长袜

parachute / 'pærəʃuːt / n．降落伞

territorial / ,terɪ'tɔːrɪəl / n．领土的，领地的 arthropod / 'ɑːθrəpɒd / n．节肢动物 devour / dɪ'vaʊə / v．吞吃 nanny goat 雌山羊

secrete / sɪ'kriːt / v．分泌 snag / snæg / v．抓住

注释：

1．sometimes not for two years：相当于sometimes it does not fall apart for two years。2．run：（编织物）抽丝 练习：

1．A tough B soft C large D smooth 2．A cloth B silk C nylon D wool 3．A repair B pull C move D weave 4．A him B her C it D those 5．A refixes B reproduces C remakes D reuses 6．A metal B mass C material D model 7．A bredth B length C height D strength 8．A close B well C open D awake 9．A hurry B worry C wonder D use 10．A shipment B supply C run D exchange 11．A run B go C deal D work 12．A previous B foremost C first D front 13．A milk B meat C lungs D muscle 14．A no B any C some D many 15．A as fast as B as long as C as fully as D as little as 答案与题解：

1．A flying bird飞入蜘蛛网时有股冲力，网线坚韧才能捕捉到它，所以选tough。本句中的without breaking也指示选tough。

2．B 英语中蜘蛛网丝是spider silk。见第三段、第四段分别出现的silky thread和spider silk。

3．D 本句说蜘蛛织网的机制和过程，所以选weave。而且，这种蜘蛛就叫Golden Orb Weaver。

4．C 从上下文判断，along之后接的是the dragline,其代词应为it。

5．D 本句说Golden Orb Weaver与某些种类的蜘蛛不同，它不用每天织新网，只要网不破，就能一直使用下去，有时一用两年，所以选reuses。

6．C 本句将Golden Orb Weaver蜘蛛网的牢度和张度与防弹衣材料Kevlar对比，说明该蜘蛛网坚韧的程度。填入的词应该是Kevlar的同位语，Kevlar是一种材料，所以选material。

7．B 除了上下文的意思要求填length之外，本句中的用词stretch和longer都指示要用length。

8．A come后面可接形容词。come close意为“接近”。come well，come open，come awake都能搭配，但意思与上下文不符。

9．C It is no wonder（that）是“不足为奇，十分自然”的意思。只有选wonder意思才连贯。

10．B 从意义上判断，a steady supply是正确的选择。shipment（运送）、run（运转）或exchange（交换）的意思与上下文配不上。

11．D 上下文的意思要求用“起作用”这个词，英语work在本句的词义是“起作用”。

12．C 下一句是以next开始的。有next，前面很可能有first之类表次序的词。

13．A 常识告诉我们，把dragline silk proteins分泌在milk里，才容易分离出来，所以选meat，lungs或muscle都是不合常理的。

14．B 在without之后要用any，—般不用some。英语不说without no...，many不能修饰help。

15．A 本题只能选as fast as。若选B、C或D，意思与上下文不符。

第六篇Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off1 in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch2.But he is in a nasty3 surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer, and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine____1____ , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devices____2____ only available for fleets of trucks4 and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars5，and____3____ be available to ordinary cars in the UK____4____ two months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the car incorporates6____5____ miniature cellphone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPS7 satellite positioning receiver.____6____ the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine____7____ restarted.There are even plans for immobilizers____8____ shut down vehicles on the move8, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK, an array of9 technical fixes10 is already making____9____ harder for car thieves.“The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,” says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire11 that is funded in part____10____ the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes to____11____ a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools12.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition13, as their engine management computer will not____12____ them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out14 by the iginition key.In the UK, technologies like this____13____ achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime15 since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars.Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary.In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were

taken by using the owner’s keys, which doubles the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system would____14____ a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointless.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could go on the market sooner than the____15____ expects.词汇：

immobilizer n.使车辆不能调动的装置 cellphone n.移动电话，手机 ignition n.点火 trickle v.慢慢移动

immobilization n.使车辆不能调动 burglary n.夜窃行为;盗窃 注释：

1.speed off：超速驾驶 2.catch：捕获物，猎获物

3.nasty：very unpleasant or annoying使人不愉快的;烦人的

4.fleets of trucks：卡车队。fleet：a group of vessels or vehicles owned or operated as a unit车队

5.trickle down to ordinary cars：慢慢地用到普通汽车上。trickle：to move or proceed slowly or bit by bit慢慢地或一点一点地移动或前进

6.incorporate：to cause to merge or combine together into a united whole混合，合并到某一整体中

7.GPS：Global Positioning System全球定位系统 8.vehicles on the move：在行驶中的车辆 9.an array of：一群;一批 10.technical fixes：技术装置

11.Berkshire：a county of south-central England贝克郡，位于英格兰中南部

12.a bare minimum of tools：极少的工具。bare: just sufficient;mere刚刚充足的;仅仅

13.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition：现代车远没有这么简单(偷盗现代车要困难得多)。proposition: a matter to be dealt with;a task任务，要处理的事务。14.beam out：to emit or transmit发送，传送

15.drop in vehicle-related crime：涉及车辆犯罪案的下降。drop：decrease下降 练习：

1.A off

B on

C at

D of 2.A is

B was

C were

D are

3.A can

B have to

C need to

D should 4.A after

B for

C in

D at 5.A the

B /

C a

D an 6.A With

B If

C But

D And 7.A helping

B being

C get

D be 8.A whose

B who

C that

D when 9.A life

B cars

C warning

D problem 10.A about

B to

C by

D on 11.A use

B inform

C ask

D teach

12.A 13.A 14.A 15.A let

B allow

C make

D give hav helped

B helped

C had helped

D was helped speak

B have

C link

D put

lawyer

B doctor

C customer

D specialist 答案与题解：

1.A 该段主要是说，如果车被盗，只要发出无线电信号，remote immobilizer就能使被盗车一旦停下就无法再启动。因此，应选择A。如选择B，switches the engine on(发动引擎)句子意思便不符合文章内容。C和D与switch不搭配。

2.D devices是复数形式，描述的也是目前的事情，所以应使用be的现在时复数形式are。

3.D 该句说，这种遥控技术很快就会开始一点一点地用于普通汽车。然后作者推断，在两个月后这种技术就能用于英国的汽车。A是错误选项，因为该句前面用了could表示委婉的推断，在此不会用can;B和C与意思不符，should也是表示推断。

4.C 从搭配上来看，可以选择B和C，但是从意思上来看，必须选择C。for two months：已经有两个月了;in two months：两个月后。不能选择A,因为不符合英语表达习惯。又如：They will graduate in one year.他们一年后毕业。

5.C 这里应该使用不定冠词，而且miniature cellphone后面的并列定语都使用不定冠词。不能选择an，因它后面的名词由辅音开头。

6.B 从语法结构来看，这里应选择引导状语从句的连词，其他选项都会造成结构错误。而且，If正符合句子的意思。

7.B prevent sth.(from)doing是固定用法，restart这里要用被动语态being restarted，所以应选择B。

8.C 从句子的结构来看，这里需要一个关系代词引导定语从句。关系代词的先行词immobilizers是物不是人，所以只能用that，不能用who。

9.A 在四个选项中，B、C和D显然不符合文章的意思。这里作者要表达的意思是：使……日子难过，所以应选择A。

10.C be funded是被动语态，空格后面是名词短语，从句子的意思来判断，这个名词短语是动作fund的执行者，是谓语动词动作逻辑上的主语，所以必须使用by来引导这个名词短语。

11.D 这个句子结构是：to take sb.time to do sth.。从意思上判断，句子的意思应该是：他说只要花几分钟就能教会一个新手如何偷盗汽车。所以，D是答案。use，inform和ask都不能与how to结构搭配。

12.B them后跟着to，所以首先排除A和C(let sb.do sth.)。句子的意思不允许选D。...will not allow them to start...：……不允许它们启动。

13.A 句子后面的时间状语由since引导，所以句子应该使用现在完成时。

14.D 从obstacle in the criminal’s way这个名词短语看出，应选择D，构成put obstacle in sb.’s way(给某人设置障碍)这种固定用法。

15.C 前面有go on the market，预期的人应该是customer。当然，specialist，doctor或lawyer也可以预期，但总不及customer那么自然。

译文：远程制止偷车贼

超速驾驶在偷来的汽车里，偷车贼以为自己大获全胜。但是他马上就会又惊又恼。车上已经被装了远程制动装置，一个几英里以外的控制中心发来的无线信号将确保盗贼一旦启动引擎，他就不能再次发动汽车了。目前，这种装置只用于卡车队或者用于建筑工地的特殊车辆上。但是远程制动技术很快就会逐步应用到普通汽车上。并且应该在两个月之内用在英国的普通汽车上。

计划是这样的。把一个集合有微型无绳电话，微量处理器，存储器以及全球定位系统的卫星接收器的控制盒子安装在汽车上。如果汽车被盗，一个被编码的无绳电话信号就会告诉这个装置停止车辆引擎控制系统来阻止弓I擎再次被启动。

甚至还有一些人主张计划将制动装置装在运行着的车辆上，可是这样一来人们就会担心这个系统的安全性。在英国，二系列的技术装置已经让盗车贼步履维艰了。玛丁兰多来自位于贝克郡的一个由汽车保险工业投资成立的名为撒策姆的安全研究机构，他说，“车辆盗窃的手法已经有所改变。”他还声称只要是10年以上的汽车，他就能用几样简单的工具在几分钟之内教会一个新手怎样偷车。

现代车却远没有这么简单，因为它们的引擎管理计算机装置只有接收到一个独一无二的由点火钥匙发送过来的身份密码才可以启动汽车。自1997年以来，在英国，技术人员已经利用此项技术帮助减少了31%的涉及车辆犯罪案。但是不死心的盗贼们却还在一直想方设法偷车。例如很多时候，他们在夜里盗走主人的汽车钥匙进而偷车。在2000年，英国12%的车辆被盗案是由于主人的钥匙被盗，这个数字比前一年增长了1倍。

远程控制的制动系统给盗贼设置了一个全新的障碍。包括撒策姆、公安部门、保险公司以及安全技术公司在内的一个群体已经为体系开发出了一些标准，它们将比顾客所预期的更早地被推广到市场上。

第七篇An Intelligent Car

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all ____1____ and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

There is a virtual driver1 in the smart car.This virtual driver1 has “eyes”, “brains”, “hands” and “feet”, too.The minicameras ____2____ each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road conditions ahead of it.They watch the ____3____ to the car’s left and right.There is also a highly ____4____ driving system in the car.It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”.His “brain” calculates the speeds of ____5____ moving cars near it and analyzes

their positions.Basing on this information2, it chooses the right ____6____ for the intelligent car, and gives ____7____ to the “hands” and “feet” to act accordingly.In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virsual driver’s best advantage3? He reacts ____8____.The minicameras are ____9____ images continuously to the “brain.” It ____10____ the processing of the images within 100 milliseconds.However.the world’s best driver ____11____ needs one second to react.____12____, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accident ____13____ considerably on expressways.In this case, can we let him have the wheel4 at any time and in any place? Experts ____14____ that we cannot do that5 just yet6.His ability to recognize things is still ____15____.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expressways.词汇：

coordination n.协调，协同 virtual adj.虚拟的 minicamera n.微型相机 accordingly adv.相应地 millisecond n.毫秒 expressway n.高速公路 注释：

1.virtual driver：虚拟驾驶员

2.Basing on this information：基于这些信息。Basing on this information是现在分词短语，用作状语。

3.best advantage：最大的优点

4.have the wheel：掌握方向盘，也就是“驾驶汽车”的意思。

5.that：that替代上一句的“let him have the wheel at any time and in any place”。

6.just yet：迄今还。yet意为“迄今还”，常用于否定句中。just修饰yet，起强调的作用。练习：

1.A these

B them C this

D that 2.A within

B above

C to

D on

3.A police

B traffic

C trucks

D buses 4.A mechanical

B movable

C automatic

D electronic 5.A another

B other

C each other

D one another 6.A line

B lane

C track

D path

7.A space

B locations

C instructions

D time 8.A quickly

B cleverly

C virtually

D safely 9.A bringing

B taking

C sending

D carrying 10.A selects

B completes

C uses

D tests 11.A at least

B at most

C at last

D at best 12.A So

B However

C Besides

D Therefore 13.A count

B amount

C digit

D rate 14.A warn

B suggest

C invite

D check 15.A unknown

B few

C untested

D limited 答案与题解：

1.A 第一句提到的是eyes，ears，brain等，指示代词应该用复数形式的these，不能选this

或that。选them也不对，因为all them不符合习惯用法，正确的说法是all of them。

2.D side前面要求用介词on。

3.B 选项B中traffic的意思是“流动的车辆”，是本题的答案。police(警察)、trucks(重型卡车)和buses(公共汽车)表达的意思都是路况的一部分，显然与现实不符。

4.C 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是高度自动化的驾驶系统，所以答案是automatic。其余三个选项(mechanical机械的、movable可移动的、electronic电子的)表达的意思与上下文配不上。

5.B 从下文判断，本句说的是“其他流动的车辆”，所以要选用other。another意为“另一个”，each other和one another都是“互相”的意思，与上下文表达的意思相去甚远。

6.D 上下文的意思要求选path(路径)。line(线路)、lane(车道)和track(车辙)，意思虽与path接近，但是讲不通。

7.C 本句前半句说的是电脑选定了路径，接下来自然是“……给‘手’发出指令(instructions)，‘手’就做出相应的动作”。所以，C是答案。space，locations，time的词义与上下文的意思衔接不上。

8.A 通段讲的是虚拟驾驶员的反应速度，所以只能选quickly。

9.C bring是“带来”，take是“带走，接受(命令)”，send是“发送(命令)”，carry是“携带”。从上下文判断，应该是“...sending images continuously to the ‘brain’”。

10.B 前一句说的是微型摄像机将图像送入电脑，接下来的意思应该是电脑处理图像，完成处理图像所需的时间为100毫秒。根据上下文表达的意思，应该选B。

11.A 本句的起始词是However，表示本句的意思与上一句的意思形成对比。上一句说电脑完成图像处理只需100毫秒，第二句说，最好的驾驶员处理的时间要长得多，应该是at least rieeds one second。所以，A是答案。

12.C 上一句说，最好的驾驶员至少需要1秒钟的时间才能完成图像处理。本句进一步说，他做出动作还需1秒钟的时间，这两句的意思是层层深入，所以要选C。

13.D 根据上下文判断，此处要表达的应该是“事故率”。rate是“比率”，所以答案是D。count(计数)、amount(数量)、digit(0～9中任何一个阿拉伯数字)都不对。

14.A can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place?”涉及交通安全、人命关天的问题，都谈不上什么“邀请(invite)”、“建议(suggest)”、“检查(check)”。所以，答案只能是warn(警告)。

15.D 本句是给出目前不能let smart car have the wheel at any time and in any place的原因。原因是它的能力limited(有限)。对smart car的能力一无所知(unknown)或是没有测试过 11

(untested)，显然与前文的意思不符。few只能与可数名词搭配，ability在本句中是不可数名词，所以few也不是答案。

译文：智能汽车

开车需要目光锐利，耳朵灵敏，反应敏捷和手脑间的协作。许多人类司机这些条件都具备，并可控制一辆急速行驶的汽车。但一辆智能车如何进行自控? 智能车中有一位虚拟驾驶员。这位司机同样有“眼”有“脑”有“手”有“脚”。车两侧的微型摄像头就是他的眼，负责观察车前方的路况。他们注意着车两侧的交通情况。车中也有高度自动化的驾驶系统。这就是内置的电脑，也就是虚拟司机的大脑。这个大脑计算出车近旁正在运动车辆的速度，并分析它们的位置。基于这些信息，它为智能车选择最佳路径，并给出指示以让手脚做出相应运动。通过这样的方式，虚拟司机就对车辆实行了控制。

虚拟司机的最大优点是什么?他的反应速度很快。微型摄像头不断向大脑发送图像数据。他完成图像处理的时间为100毫秒。然而，世界上最优秀的人类司机也至少需要1 秒钟的反应时间。当他作出行动时，又多需一秒。

虚拟司机的确很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大减少事故发生率。鉴于此，我们是否可以让他在任何时间任何地点都驾驶汽车呢?专家们警告说我们现在还不能这样做。智能 车辨别事物的能力还很有限。目前，这种车只能在高速公路上行驶。

第四篇：2014职称英语押题 理工C 完型填空[定稿]

完型填空：

第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend

It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has __1__ ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook__2__ died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.“There is __3__ Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its__4__，“Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which__5__include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with__6__ the“Great South Land，”__7__ Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 __8__ Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal__9 __ with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued __10__ it came with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more __11__ made of animal bone。said Philp.However, Cook’s fans __ 12 __ to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered.as they say there is evidence not a11 of Cook’s body was __13 __ at sea in 1 779.“On this occasion technology has won"，”said Cliff Thornton，president of the Captain Cook Society, in a __14__ from Britain.“But I am __15__ that one of these days…one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.’’ 练习：

1.A.finally

B.firstly

C.lately

D.usually 2.A.whose

B.who

C.which

D.what 3.A.some

B.none

C.neither

D.no

4.A.cinema

B.exhibition

C.shop

D.market 5.A.must

B.did

C.has to

D.does

6.A.discovering

B.visiting

C.traveling

D.using 7.A.then

B.now

C.past

D.previously 8.A.how

B.where

C.when

D.that 9.A.conversation

B.fight

C.meal

D.dance 10.A.however

B.until

C.after

D.whenever 11.A.helpfully

B.usefully

C.likely

D.readily 12.A.refuse

B.return

C.regain

D.reply 13.A.collected

B.washed

C.stored

D.buried

14.A.statement

B.suggestion

C.proposal

D.guess 15.A.safe

B.weak

C.sure

D.lucky 参考答案：

1.A.分析：借助搭配“..地已经结束了..”直接判断A(最终地)

2.B.分析：考察定语从句，从句需要主语，且该主语指代Captain James Cook，所以B合适。D。分析：考察否定副词。借助搭配特点—空格后直接出现了名词，所以D是答案(no否定名词)

4.B.分析：借助句子中的相关词语museum(博物馆)..display(陈列)直接猜测答案为B(展览会)

5.D.分析：借助上文时态—一般将来时，及与空格处的搭配结构—‘“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”…包括..’直接判断D为答案该题考点：上下文时态和定语从句。

6.A。分析：借助句子中出现的词语：explorers(探险家)…Great South Land，判断A(发现)是答案。

7.B。分析：该题考察插入语结构(插入语结构往往是对前面的名词/代词进行描述，或补充说明，该结构往往以定语(定语从句)，状语(状语从句)，或同位语的语法结构形式出现)

8.C.分析：空格前出现典型时间词1824，空格后是句子，所以直接判断when 可能是答案。考察：定语从句结构。

9.B.分析：该题考察上下文内容的呼应：前面出现“被棍棒打死”，所以这里选择B(打仗)最合适。

10.B.分析：借助空格所在结构的特点和搭配结构含义(持续到..)直接判断答案B(直到)。

11.C.分析：分析：根据空格相关结构含义(不是由cook的骨头制成，而是更..是由动物的骨头制成)判断C是答案。

12.A.分析：直接借助搭配结构特点(v.+ to 引导的不定式结构)判断A是答案。

13.D.分析：借助上文句意和该句句意(不是所有的cook的尸体都在1779年被。海里)判断D(埋葬)是答案。

14.A.分析：借助被选项的关系：suggestion和 proposal是近义词，且用法接近，所以相互排除掉，比较A和D，判断A((来自伦敦的)声明)正确。

15．C本题要选sure，表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。

译文：库克船长弓箭的传说

这本是个绝妙的传说，但DNA测试最终结束了这个长达两个世纪之久的古老故事。传说是关于一支据说是用1779年在桑伟奇群岛死去的英国探险家船长詹姆士库克的遗骨刻成的夏威夷弓箭。

在不久前DNA 证据宣布该弓箭并非来自于库克船长的遗骨时，奥大利亚博物馆收藏经理尤大书?菲利普说：“澳大利亚博物馆里并没有库克的遗骨。”但这并不能停止博物馆在展览会 2

上展出弓箭。“考古发现：澳大利亚博物馆的宝藏”展览中的确还展示了一个在1778年夏威夷国王卡兰尼欧普送给库克的一个羽毛斗篷。

库克是英国最伟大探险家之一，他在1770年发现了“南大陆”，也就是现在的澳大利亚。此后在桑伟奇群岛被棒击致死。

库克弓箭传说始于1824年，当时夏威夷国王卡莫哈莫哈在弥留之际将弓箭赐给了库克妻子的亲戚，一名伦敦外科医生威廉正当斯，并告诉他弓箭是在那次致命殴打后用库克的遗骨做成的。

在19世纪90年代，弓箭被交给澳大理亚博物馆。这个传说直到与科学直接接触才停止。据菲利普说，澳大利亚和新西兰的试验室的DNA测试证实弓箭并非取材于库克的遗骨，而更可能来自动物的骨头。

但是，库克迷们却不肯放弃希望。他们期待库克传说之一将会被证明是正确，并且他人部分遗骨还会被发现。正如他们所说，有证据表明库克的遗骨并不是在1779年全都葬身大海了。库克船长协会的会长克利夫托马森在一个来自英国的声明中说：“在这个问题上，科技取得了胜利。我坚信某一天库克传说之一将会被证明是真的。”

这听起来完全不对——在一块木头里面钻些洞让它更耐敲打。但是这确实有效，因为击打产生的能量分散到了整块木头上，而不是集中于一个薄弱点。这个发展应该导致更有效和更轻的包装材料的产生。

木匠们几个世纪以来都知道一些木头比另一些更结实。例如山胡桃木被用做斧柄和轮辐，因为它可以承受振击而不会断裂。列如白橡木容易损坏得多，尽管它的质地一样细密。巴斯大学的Julian Vincent和他的研究小组都认为木头的内部结构能够解释这些不同。

许多树都有导管，这些导管通向树干上方，把水输到叶子。在橡木里，这些管道很大，而且是呈窄带状，但是在山胡桃木中这些管道小得多，而且分布得更平均。研究者们认为这个布局能够分散打击的能量到整块木头止，以此吸收较重的打击。为了测试这个理论，他们在一块没有管道的云杉木上钻了一些0.65毫米的洞，发现它能够承受重大的打击。只有当每平方厘米超过30个孔时，木头抵御敲打的表现才会减弱。均匀的物质不太好抵御敲打，因为受到影响的只有一小部分物质，来自打击的所有能量在折断材料时都集中在一两个地方，留下的散片常常没有受到破坏。

Vincent说，这些洞可以提供很多薄弱点，当它们破裂时一起吸收能量，而不是使能量聚在一个地方。“你可以控制木头断裂的地方，它还可以吸收更多的能量，更安全。” 研究人员相信，这个原则可用于任何一种材料，例如可用于制造更轻、保护力更强的包装物。斯图加特的Max Plank金属研究学院的Ulrike Wegst说，这一原则还可用在汽车的减震器、保护杠和军事车辆的装甲板等东西上。但是她强调说你需要设计材料时考虑力的方向。她说：“负荷的方向是很关键的。”

第二篇Avalanche and Its Safety

An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are____1____ the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope____2____ supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is____3____ cause an avalanche, ____4____ acomplex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than25degrees or steeper than60degrees typically have a low

____5____ of avalanche.Snow does not____6____ significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not ____7____ easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow’s angle of rest1 is____8____ 35 and45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is38degrees.The rule of thumb2 is: A slope that is____9____ enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally3, avalanche risk increases with ____10____;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, die more lijkely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous____11____， including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also____13____ the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.词汇：

avalanche n.雪崩 snowpack n.积雪场 terrain n.地形，地势

steep adj.险峻的，陆峭的 trigger v.引起，激发 incidence n.发生(率)ski v.滑雪

complexity n.复杂性 注释：

1.angle of rest：这里指积雪保持静止的角度。

2.rule of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法则，经验法则' 3.Additionally：是一个副词，用来引人新的事实或论点，意为“此外”。4.backcountry：人烟稀少的地区 练习：

1.A among

B of

C to

D in 2.A when B that

C who

D whose 3.A mostly

B likely

C clearly

D surely 4.A are

B will be

C is

D was 5.A weight

B form

C risk

D work 6.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 7.A fall

B flow

C roll

D gather 8.A among

B between

C with

D for 9.A thick

B thin

C flat

D rocky 10.A use

B time

C snow

D rain 11.A journey

B trip

C fact

D process

12.A conditions

B reports

C forecast

D event 13.A increase

B reduce

C improve

D remove

14.A price

B effort

C attention

D money 15.A missing

B grown

C big

D fresh 答案与题解：

1.A 表“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在……之中)。

2.B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。

3.B 选项A不合语法，C和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪的积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。

4.C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。

5.C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。

6.D 第6题和第7题可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在较陡峭的坡面上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。

7.B 见注释6。

8.B 理解了句子的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在35° ~45°之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在……之间。

9.C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此作“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。

10.A 句中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择,整个句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能发生。

11.D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩以及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。

12.A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。

13.B 选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D也不符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。

14.C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention to的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。

15.A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句意。

译文：雪崩和安全问题

雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和水沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人们生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。

所有雪崩都是由于物质的过渡负荷造成，通常是积雪堆积过厚，很不稳固，超出了山坡面的承载能力。要确定山坡的临界承载量，可能造成突然雪崩的负荷量是一项很复杂的任务，需要衡量多个因素。

通常倾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡发生雪崩的危险要小一些。积雪不会在陡峭的山坡上大量堆积，同样也不会在平缓的山坡上快速滑动。当雪在静止状态下的角度在35_45度之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。人为引发雪崩的临界角度是38度，是最易人为引发雪崩的角度。常规经验是：一个平缓的足以堆积积雪，同时陡峭的适合人们滑雪的山坡，无论角度如何，都有可能产生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危险随着使用的增加而增加，换言之，滑雪者活动得越频繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的复杂性，冬天在人烟稀少的地区旅行从来不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一个连续的过程，包括选择路线、检查积雪、了解天气状况及其他人为因素。以下几个广为人知的好习惯也可以降低风险：如果当地权威部门发布了雪崩警报，你应当予以考虑，加以注意。绝不要不加审度，就立刻接受他人意见。积雪自形成的那时就几乎注定要发生变化。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。

第四篇Animal’s “Sixth Sense”

A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, 2004.It killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East Africa.Wild animals,____1____, seem to have escaped that terrible tsunami.This phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for____2____, experts said.Sri Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly____3____ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not____4____ a dead rabbit.I think animals can____5____ disaster.They have a sixth sense.They know when things are happening,” H.D.Ratnayake, deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami attack.The____6____ washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife____7____ and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of____8____ evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or earthquakes.But it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior____9____ at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no____10____ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2，” he told Reuters.Other authorities concurred with this____11____ ·

“Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain____12____ especially birds...there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters/’ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African wildlife.Animals____13____ rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as predators.The notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or____14____ other mythical power — is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Larika’s ravaged coast is likely to add to.The Romans saw owls____15____ omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or attributes.词汇：

tsunami n.海啸

trigger v.引发，触发 ravaged adj.被毁坏的 leopard n.豹 eruption n.喷发 migrate v.迁移

volcanic adj.火山的

concur v.(with)同意，赞成 impending adj.迫近的 predator n.食肉动物 mythical adj.神话般的 owl n.猫头鹰

omen n.预兆，征兆 endow v.赋予 注释：

1.adds weight to notions that：更加相信

2.field setting：field意为“实地，野外”，setting意为“环境”。field setting可译为“野外环境”。3.enduring one：由来已久的信念。one指代在句首出现的notion。enduring意为“持久的，永久的”。练习：

1.A therefore

B however

C although

D whatever 2.A shelters

B foods

C disasters

D water 3.A missed

B protected

C raised

D caught 4.A such

B too

C so

D even 5.A feel

B see

C hear

D sense

6.A waves

B tides

C winds

D rivers 7.A birthplaces

B playground

C reserve

D storage 8.A experimental

B apparent

C scientific

D chemical 9.A specialist

B assistant

C supporter

D sponsor 10.A additional

B specific

C especial

D exceptional 11.A modification

B detection

C assessment

D value 12.A route

B behavior

C principle

D phenomenon 13.A unwillingly

B occasionally

C doubtfully

Dcertainly 14.A some

B much

C many

D few 15.A on

B as

C for

D in 答案与题解：

1.B 第一句说的是海啸造成了巨大的人员伤亡，第二句说的是动物能逃脱海啸的袭击。两

句意思相反，所以要用however承接上文。

2.C 上文说的是：海啸是一种自然灾害，所以“sixth sense”范围只能是disasters，不能是shelters，foods或water。

3.A 本句继续在对比海啸造成的人员伤亡和动物能逃脱海啸这一现象。答案应该是选项A(missed)。其他三个选项的词义与上下文都不相配。

4.D 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：没有大象死亡，甚至连一只野兔或兔子也没有死亡。“甚至”的英语是even。

5.D 全文说的是动物的第六感觉，而feel(触觉)，see，hear都属于前五个感觉，所以不是正确答案。

6.A 本说的是海的巨浪将洪水带到离海岸远达2英里的地方。正确答案应该是waves。

7.C 从上下文判断，本句的意思应该是：Yala国家公园是斯里兰卡野生动物最大的保护区，而birthplaces(出生地)、playground(操场)和storage(储存)都与上下文表达的意思接不上，因此不是答案。reserve的意思是“保护区”，不是“储备”或“保留”。因此，选项C是答案。

8.B 下一句说，这些迹象(evidence)并没有被证实。因此，这些迹象不可能是scientific的。而experimental和chemical的词义与上下文不配合，因此也不是答案。只有apparent(明显的)与上下文的意思相配。apparent的迹象还需得到科学的验证。

9.A 在动物园里工作并发表对动物行为的专业性见解的人一定是专家学者(specialist)。其他三个选项都不合适。

10.B 本段第一句是说明为什么evidence没有得到科学验证。原因是科学家无法在实验室或野外进行特定的实验，以验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉。理解了上下文的意思，就知道选specific是最合适的。其他三个选项的词义与上下文不符，additional，especial和exceptional分别是“额外的”、“特别的”和“例外的”意思。

11.C concurred with(同意)支配的宾语应该是view，opinion，judgment这一类词。前面句子说的是某位科学家指出无法验证动物预见灾难的第六感觉的困难所在，其他专家也同意这一看法，所以选assessment是正确的。

12.D 本句说的是动物特别是鸟有捕捉灾难来临前某些征兆的能力。route(路线)、behavior(行为)和principle(原则)与上述意思相去甚远，只有phenomenon是答案。

13.D 根据常识判断，动物是要依赖味觉、听觉等逃避食肉动物的攻击。unwillingly(不情愿地)occasionally(偶尔)和doubtfully(怀疑地)与上述意思有俘，只有certainly是合适的选项。

14.A 从本句的意思判断，应该是“某种神奇的能力”,所以要选some。

15.B 本句的意思是“将……看成”，而英语的用词是see...as，所以要选as。

译文：动物的“第六感”

2004年12月由印度洋海域地震引发的海啸造成亚洲和东非数万人死亡。但野生动物们似乎躲过了可怕的海啸的袭击。有专家表示，这进一步证实了动物对自然灾难有“第六感”的观点。斯里兰卡负责野生动物的官员表示，巨浪席卷印度洋海岛沿岸，淹死了两万四千多人，但野生动物似乎都幸免于难，目前尚未发现一具动物的尸体。

斯里兰卡野生动物部门的副部长H.D.拉特纳亚克在海啸袭击过后一个月说道：“没有一头大象死亡，甚至没有一只野兔死亡。我认为动物能够感知灾难。它们有‘第六感’，它们知道灾难何时发生。”海洪冲向离岸二英里远的亚拉国家公园，这里是斯里兰卡最大的野生动物保护区，生活着几百头野生大象和一些美洲豹，海啸引发的洪水使亚拉国家公园所在的东南部地区变得一片狼藉。

“每当火山爆发或地震发生前，动物们的行为就会发生许多异常，比如犬吠或鸟类迁徙，但这些现象尚未得到科学证明。”南非约翰内斯堡动物园的动物行为专家马修·范·利罗普说。他对路透社记者说：“目前还没有这方面的专门研究，因为你无法在实验室或实际环境中进行真正的试验。”其他专家也同意这一看法。

“野生动物似乎能够感知某些特殊现象，尤其是鸟类。很多报告显示鸟类能察觉即将来临的灾难。”克莱夫?沃克这样说，他曾经写过数本关于非洲野生动物的书。

一些动物确实是依靠嗅觉或听觉等人类已知的官能来躲避危险的，比如食肉动物。

关于动物“第六感”(或者其他神秘力量)的说法已有很长时间，斯里兰卡被摧残的海滩可能会为这一说法再添一笔证据。

罗马人把猫头鹰视为迫近凶险的征兆，很多古代文明都将大象看做拥有特殊能力或特征的“圣兽”。

第五篇Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind

If you cannot see, you may not be able to1 find your way out of a burning building — and that could be fatal.A company in Leeds could change all that2____1____ directional sound alarms capable of guiding you to the exit.Sound Alert, a company____2____ the University of Leeds, is installing the alarms in a residential home for____3____ people in Sommerset and a resource centre for the blind in Cumbria.____4____ produce a wide range of frequencies that enable the brain to determine where the____5____ is coining from.Deborah Withington of Sound Alert says that the alarms use most of the frequencies that can be____6____ by humans.“It is a burst of white noise____7____ people say sounds like static on the radio，” she says.“Its life-saving potential is great.”

She conducted an experiment in which people were filmed by thermal-imaging cameras trying to find their way out of3 a large____8____ room.It____9____ them nearly four minutes to find the door____10____ a sound alarm, but only 15 seconds with one.Withington studies how the brain____11____ sounds at the university.She says that the____12____ of a wide band of frequencies can be pinpointed more easily than the source of a narrow band.Alarms____13____ the same concept have already been installed on emergency vehicles.The alarms will also include rising or falling frequencies to indicate whether people should go up____14____ down stairs.They were____15____ with the aid of a large grant from British Nuclear Fuels.词汇：

directional adj.定向的 exit n.出口 install v.安装

residential adj.居住的 static n.静电噪声 potential n.潜力

thermal-imaging热效应成像 pinpoint v.精确地确定 concept n.概念，观念 emergency n.紧急情况 grant n.授予物，准许 注释：

1.在谓语动词中，不能并列使用两个情态动词，如may和can就不能并列使用。如果由于表达需要，要同时用“可能”和“能够”，就得说(写)成may be able to。如： I may be able to come tomorrow, but I cannot promise.我可能明天来，但我不可能作出承诺。2.that指第一句所表达的意思。

3....find their way out of...：意为“找到从出去的路”。练习：

1.A without

B with

C having

D selling 2.A run by

B changed by

C decorated by

D criticized by 3.A slow

B deaf

C blind

D lame 4.A Alarms

B Alarm

C The alarm

D The alarms 5.A noise

B sound

C music

D bell 6.A watched

B produced

C learnt

D heard 7.A where

B what

C that

D how 8.A smoked

B smoke-filled

C filled with smoke

D smoke-filling 9.A has taken

B takes

C took

D will take 10.A on

B near

C without

D from 11.A processes

B produces

C possesses

D proceeds 12.A feature

B quality

C diagram

D source

13.A basis on

B base on

C basing on

D based on 14.A or

B and

C but

D otherwise 15.A developed

B determined

C discovered

D delivered 答案与题解：

1.B 空格后是一种装置，用它来改变火灾时找不到出口的危险境况。表达“用……装置”这层意思就要用介词with。其他几项均不符合句子的意思。

2.A Sound Alert是一家公司的名字，a company是Sound Alert的同位语，根据句意判断，应选择run by，意为“由……经营的”。其他选项虽然语法正确，但都与句意不符。

3.C 从文章标题以及文章内容和本句后面部分resource center for the blind，可以推断这里最好的选择就是C。

4.D 因为这种警告装置已在上文中提到：第一段中的directional sound alarms，第二段中的installing the alarms in a residential home...，所以这里的alarms是特指，要用定冠词。选项C是错误的，因为它是单数形式。

5.B 句子的前半句有a wide range of frequencies,发出来的应该是sound，而不是令人烦躁的noise。用music或bell都有些突然，与上下文的意思不连贯。

6.D 文章一直在讨论警报器、声音和波长，所以首先排除选项A;从上下文的意思看，不可能是选项B和C，因为警报器的制造，就是为了让失明的人听到。

7.C 选择A、B、D均不能构成语义连贯的句子，而且语法上也有问题。选项C能使句子结构成为“It is...that”的强调句型。

8.B 从所给的选项可以看出，这里要表达的意思是“烟火弥漫的房间”。有了这个理解，现在要做的就是选择正确的表达形式。A是“烟熏的”，D是“使……烟火弥漫的”，所以意思不对，C填入后就出现filled with smoke room，不符合语法。只有B是正确选项。

9.C 这里显然是“It takes somebody+time+动词不定式”的句型，但选择什么时态是关键。从上句看，应选择一般过去时，因为整个段落是对一次实验的描写，而且上面一句也使用了一般过去时。

10.C 后半句的one指上半句中的a sound alarm。该句上半句和下半句由but连接，表示相反的意思，从后半句的with可以看出，两个相对比的事物是:the door without a sound alarm和the door with a sound alarm，所以选择C。

11.A 选项B、C和D显然是错误的，因为词义不符。只有选项A是答案。句子的意思是，Withington在她的大学里研究大脑如何处理声音。

12.D 句子中的more...than表示该句是对两样事物的对比。than后面是the source of a narrow band,这里的narrow和前半句的wide形成反比，从上下文中可以看出，the source of a narrow band of(frequencies)是和the source of a wide band of frequencies形成对比。

13.D 这个句子有主语alarms，有谓语have been installed，这里应填入动词的分词形式。be based on是常用的搭配，所以应选择动词的过去分词形式。选项A的basis是名词，明显是错的。

14.A 根据上半句中的rising or falling frequencies，这里应填入or，与上半句表达的意思相一致。音频升高表示上楼，音频降低表示下楼。

15.A首先确定主语They指的是第一句中的主语The alarms，后半句说这种设备得到大笔

资助。根据上文内容，我们知道资助的目的是开发这种alarms，所以应该选择developed。

译文：警报器救盲人

如果看不见，那你可能会因找不到路而逃不出一幢失火楼房，那将是致命的。英国利兹市的一家公司发明的一种可指方向的警报器可能会把你引向出口。声音警报是一家由利兹大学设立的公司。该公司现在正在为位于萨莫塞特的一家盲人收容所和位于卡姆布雷亚的一家盲人资源中心安装此种装置。这种警报器发出的频率范围广，使人脑可以判断出声音的来源。

该公司的戴博拉?威星顿称此种警报器使人类可以听到大部分音频。她说：“它们是一种突发的频谱连续而均匀的声音。人们感觉它们听上去就像是收音机发出的静电噪声，其在救人方面潜力巨大。”

她进行了一次试验。她让人们在一所充满浓烟的大屋子里设法找到出路，同时她用热效应成像摄像机进行拍摄。在没有警报器时，这些人用了近4分钟才找到门，而在警报器的指引下，只用了15秒。

她在大学里对人脑如何处理声音进行研究，并提出与波段窄的频率相比，人们更易发现波段宽的音响源。基于此理论的警报器已被应用于急救车上。这种警报器也容纳了音频的升降，以指示人们上下楼。这种设备是得到英国核燃料组织的大笔资助才开发成功的。

第五篇：2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)

2015年职称英语理工类A级考前押题(二)

一、词汇辨析(共15题，合计15分)1 The dentist has decided to extract her bad tooth.A.take out

B.break off C.push in D.dig up 2The economy continued to exhibit signs of decline in September.A.play B.show C.send D.tell 3 This table is strong and durable.A.long-lasting

B.extensive C.far-reaching D.eternal 4 He endured great pain before he finally expired.A.fired B.resigned C.die D.retreated 5The girl is gazing at herself in the mirror.A.smilingB.laughingC.shouting D.staring 6The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity A.measure B.opinion C.method D.decision 7It's sensible to start any exercise program gradually at first.A.workable B.reasonable C.possible D.available 8 A lot of people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.A.boiled B.polluted C.mixed D.sweetened 9You have to be patient if you want to sustain your position A.maintain

B.better C.acquire D.support 10 She stood there, trembling with fear.A.jumping B.crying C.moving D.shaking Medical facilities are being upgraded.A.expanded B.repairedC.improved D.transferred 12 Rock climbing is hazardous.A.interesting B.dangerous C.attractive D.useful 13John is eligible for this job.A.accepted B.recommendedC.rejectedD.recommended 14 In order to improve our standard of living, we have to accelerate production.A.involveB.decreaseC.speed upD.give up 15Mary looked pale and weary.A.worried B.ugly

C.silly D.exhausted

二、阅读判断(共1题，合计7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了七个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑

Micro-chip research center created A research center has been set up in this far-east country to develop advanced micro-chip production technology.The center, which will start out with about US$14million,will help the country develop its chip industry without always depending on imported technology.The center will make use of its research skills and facilities to develop new technology for domestic chip plants.The advent of the center will possibly free the country from the situation that it is always buying almost-outdated technologies from other countries, said the country‟s flagship chipmaker.Currently, chip plants in this country are in a passive situation because many foreign governments don‟t allow them to import the most advanced technologies, fearing they will be used for military purposes.Moreover, the high licensing fees they have to pay to technology provider are also an important reason for their decision of self-reliance.As mainstream chip production technology shifts from one generation to the next every three to five years, plants with new technology can make more powerful chips at lower costs, while plants with out-dated equipment, which often cost billions of dollars to build, will be marginalized by the maker.More than 10 chip plants are being built, each costing millions of U.S.dollars.the majority of that money goes to overseas equipment vendors and technology owners-mainly from Japan and Singapore.Should the new center play a major role in improving the situation in industry, the country admits the US$14million in vestment is still rather small.This country is developing comprehensive technologies.Most of the investment will be spent on setting alliances with technology and intellectual property owners.16The country says that the investment of US$14 million is big enough for developing that country‟ chip industry.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 17 That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 18Although the licensing fees are not very high, that far-east country cannot afford to pay.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 20 Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 21Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned 22 More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mentioned

三、概括大意(共1题，合计8分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)1---4 题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2--5 段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第5--8题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sleep are widely known，new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences.Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more

trouble falling and staying asleep，as well as a number of other sleep problems，than people who sleep 8 hours a night.People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and

feeling refreshed after a night‟s sleep than 8-hour sleepers.These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine，demonstrate that people who want to get a good night‟s rest may not need to set aside。more than 8 hours a night.He added that“it might be a good idea'‟for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research is needed to confirm this.Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleep一for instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more.For the current report，Kripke reviewed the responses of 1，004 adults to sleep

questionnaires，in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they

experienced any sleep problems.Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night，arising early in the morning and being unable to fall back to sleep，and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning.KriDke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours.In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may struggle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed.As evidence，he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed.“It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they‟ll spend a higher percentage of time awake.”he said.23Paragraph 2 _E__.24Paragraph 4_B__.25Paragraph 5__A_.26Paragraph 6__D_.A.Keprike‟s research tool B.Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep

C.Criticism on Kripke‟s report D.A way of overcoming insomnia E.Sleep problems of long and short sleepers

F.Classification of sleep problems 27To get a good night‟s rest，people may not need to _F__.28Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to__E_.29One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night，unable to__A_.One survey showed that people who habitually __C_each night have a higher risk of dying.A fall asleep again.B become more energetic the following day

C sleep less than 7 hours D confirm those serious consequences

E suffer sleep problems F sleep more than 8 hours

四、阅读理解(共3题，合计45分)短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短

文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

Stress Level Tied to Education Level

People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the

Journal of Health and Social Behavior.However, the study also found that when 1ess-educated people did suffer stress it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health.From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random.Ⅵr11ere you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them.The research team interviewed a national sample of 1.03 1 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health.People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days，people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time，and people with college degrees reported stress 44 percent of the time.„Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health。‟”lead researcher Dr.Joseph Grzywacz，of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement.“The downward turns in health were connected with daily stressors.and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.”

Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why

less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic.“If something happens every day, maybe it‟snot seen as a

stressor”Grzywacz says.“Maybe it is just 1ife.”

Stress level is closely related to B)social status.32The 1.03 1 adults were interviewed A)on adaily basis for 8days.33 Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?

D)People with college degrees.34The less advantaged people are，the greater

A)the impact of stress on their health is.35Less—educated people report fewer days of stress possibly because C)stress is too common a factor in their life.Superconductor Ceramic(陶瓷)An underground revolution begins this winter.With the flip(轻击)of a switch,30,000homes in one part of Detroit will soon become the first in the country to receive

electricitytransmitted by ice cold high performance cables.Other American cities are expected to followDetroit's example in the years ahead, which could conserve enormous amounts of power.The new electrical cables at the Frisbie power station in Detroit are revolutionary becausethey are made of superconductors.A superconductor is a material that transmits electricity withlittle or no resistance.Resistance is the degree to which a substance resists electric current.Allcommon electrical conductors have a certain amount of electrical resistance.They convert atleast some of the electrical energy passing through them into waste heat.Superconductors don't.No one understands how superconductivity works.It just does.Making superconductors isn't easy.A superconductor material has to be cooled to an extremely low temperature to lose its resistance.The first superconductors, made more than 50years ago, had to be cooled to-263 degrees Celsius before they lost their resistance.Newersuperconducting materials lose their resistance at-143 degrees Celsius.The superconductors cable installed at the Frisbie station is made of a ceramic material thatcontains copper, oxygen, bismuth(铋), strontium(锶), and calcium(钙).A ceramic is ahard, strong compound made from clay or minerals.The superconducting ceramic has beenfashioned into a tape that is wrapped lengthwise around a long tube filled with liquid nitrogen.Liquid nitrogen is super cold and lowers the temperature of the ceramic tape to the point where itconveys electricity with zero resistance.The United States loses an enormous amount of electricity each year to resistance.Becausecooled supercondUutors have no resistance, they waste much less power, other cities arewatching the Frisbie experiment in the hope that they might switch to superconducting cable andconserve power, too.36What is the benefit of the revolution mentioned in the first paragraph? C.Great amounts of power can be conserved.37Compared to common electrical conductors, superconductors__________ A.have little or no electrical resistance 38 At what temperature does the superconducting ceramic lose its resistance__________? A.-143 degree Celsius.39 What element enables the ceramic tape to lower its temperature__________? B.Liquid nitrogen.40According to the last paragraph, which of the following statements is NOT true__________? D.The Fribie experiment is not successful.The Science of the Future

Until recently, the “science of the future” was supposed to be electronics and artificialintelligence.Today it seems more and more likely that the next great breakthroughs intechnology will be brought through a combination of those two sciences with organic chemistryand genetic engineering.This combination is the science of biotechnology.Organic chemistry enables us to produce marvelous synthetic(合成的)materials.However,it is still difficult to manufacture anything that has the capacity of wool to conserve heat and alsoto absorb moisture.Nothing that we have been able to produce so far comes anywhere near thecombination of strength, lightness and flexibility that we fred in the bodies of ordinary insects.Nevertheless, scientists in the laboratory have already succeeded in “growing” a material that has many of the characteristics of human skin.The next step may well be “biotech heartsand eyes” which can replace diseased organs in human beings.These will not be rejected by thebody, as is the case with organs from humans.The application of biotechnology to energy production seems even more promising.In1996 the famous science-fiction writer, Arthur C.Clarke, many of whose previous predictionshave come true.He said that we may soon be able to develop remarkably cheap and renewablesources of energy.Some of these power sources will be biological.Clarke and others havewarned us repeatedly that sooner or later we wi/1 have to give up our dependence on non-renewable power sources.Coal, oil and gas are indeed convenient.However, using them alsomeans creating dangerously high levels of pollution.It will be impossible to meet the growingdemand for energy without increasing that pollution to catastrophic(灾难性的)levels unlesswe develop power sources that are both cheaper and cleaner.It is attempting to think that biotechnology or some other “science of the future” can solveour problems.Before we surrender to that temptation we should remember nuclear power.Only a few generations ago it seemed to promise/imit/ess, cheap and safe energy.Today thosepromises lie buried in a concrete grave in a place called Chernobyl, in the Ukraine.Biotechnology is unlikely, however, to break its promises in quite the same or such a dangerousway.41According to the passage, the science of the future is likely to be__________ B.biotechnology 42 Organic chemistry helps to produce materials that are__________ C.not as good as natural materials 43 According to the passage, it may soon be possible__________ D.to make artificial hearts and eyes 44In 1996, Arthur C.Clarke predicted that__________ B.oil, gas and coal could be repeatedly used in the future.45 What do we learn from the last paragraph__________?

C.Biological power may not be as dangerous as nuclear power.五、补全短文(共1题，合计10分)补全短文

Growing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned.Government bureaus, trade and travel associations, carriers and properties are all working together to bring about optimum conditions for travelers.Travel operators, specialists in the field of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services, and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and ____(46)C in preparing effective advertising campaigns ____.They distribute materials to agencies, such as journals, brochures and advertising projects.They offer familiarization and workshop tours ____(47)_ B so that in a short time agents can obtain first-hand

knowledge of the tours.___.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling.In this way agents learn ____(48)_ F to explain destinations

___ and to suggest different modes and combinations of travel-planes;ships, trains, motorcoaches，car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comfort of the clients and their own profitable financial arrangement.Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels, and, conversely, ____(49)_ E hotels rely upon agencies

___, to fulfill their contracts and to send them clients.The same confidence exists between agencies and carriers, ____(50)_ A including car-rental and sight-seeing services.___.Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, and agencies are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours.All services must work together for greater efficiency, fair pricing and contented customers.六、完形填空(共1题，合计15分)Nobody likes insects.They are

annoying and sometimes dangerous.Some of them bite us and give us 51;others bite us and give us big red 52.Some do not bite, 53 they just fly round our heads or crawl round our houses and gardens.And we do not like any of them 54 those lovely butterflies.But insects are interesting.First, they are very 55 animals.Three

hundred and twenty million years ago there were no men or other mammals in the world but there were insects.Today, 56 every square mile of land there are millions of them flying and crawling 57.Second, insects are very adaptable to their habitat, to their food and to the weather.Now there are about a million different 58 in the world.59 do people use insecticides? Not many insects 60 us.In many cases we do not see the insects and we do not think much about them.The reason is that insects eat 61 of man's food, 62 there are so many billions of them.We must use insecticides

to get rid of them.An insecticide is simply a special chemical 63 with some poisonous elements.Farmers spray their crops very often and the insects die quickly.Of course some poisonous chemicals may 64 on the crops or in the 65 , and that is also dangerous.51 B.diseases 52 C.spots 53 B.but 54 D.except

55A.old 56A.on 57 C.about 58A.species 59 D.Why

C.hurt 61 D.so much

C.and 63 C.compound 64 B.stay 65A.soil