第一篇：2012年职称英语考试理工类A押题(考前内部资料)
2012职称英语理工A押题模拟试题
教材原题（1篇阅读理解和完形填空）
2012年职称英语教材的完形填空和阅读理解与2011年比有没有新增的课文(理工)阅读理解（6篇）
第六篇
Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇
Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇
“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇
Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空（6篇）
第三篇
Germs on Banknotes
第十篇
Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇
Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇
Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇
“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注：
+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；
职称英语押题 押题模拟试题 2012 职称英语押题模拟试题第一部分：词汇选项(第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子 后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂 在答题卡相应的位置。
1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists． A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner． A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching． A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put onwww.xiexiebang.commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing． A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 参考答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分：阅读判断(第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该 句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡 上把 B 涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金丝雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 参考答案： 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23～30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2～ 5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished（营养）child, and the butcher（屠夫，卖肉的人）who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization（免疫）: scientists have made many vaccines（疫苗）to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability（可获性）of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 参考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分：阅读理解(第 31～45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文 回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.参考答案： 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 参考答案：36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B＆O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B＆O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology－from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world－to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B＆O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock－including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.参考答案：41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分：补全短文(第 46～50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文 字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分：完型填空(第 51～65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个 选项中选择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下载本文档需要登录，并付出相应积分。如何获取积分?
2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题
Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A级)(无换题现象)
Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”
However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)
1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，约翰.海斯指出了___________________。
A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃无盐食物对身体有好处。
B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反对含盐量低的食物。
C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低盐度的食物。(正确答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含盐量低的食物更好吃。
2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段简要的介绍了_________________。
A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎样选择被测试者以及研究中做了什么。(正确答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎样定义超重口味的人和没口味的人。
C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.为什么把人的数量限制在87个。
D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.为什么挑选更多的男性。
3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。
A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜欢用咸味阻挡食物里的甜味。
B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他们最主要的食品。(正确答案)
C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的盐，因为它们不喜欢重口味。
D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜欢和没口味的人分享咸奶酪。
4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 对于口味超重的人，下列哪项比较适用于苦味?
A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他们喜欢食物中的苦和咸。
B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他们喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它有强烈的苦味。
C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他们更喜欢高盐度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正确答案)
D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他们更喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它对身体更健康。
5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后两段所带有的信息是____。
A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情况下，味觉的敏感度由基因决定。(正确答案)
B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自从出生后，味觉的敏感度一直在提高。
C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味觉的敏感度和一个人的眼睛和头发的颜色有关。
D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味觉的敏感度在科学上仍然是一个谜。
Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A级)
Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”
By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”
The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out
2.A made B make C taking D took
3.A fit B fitness C health D excises
4.A logical B critical C typical D positive
5.A holds B makes C plays D play
6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment
7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory
8.A what B why C how D where
9.A exercise B training C strength D movement
10.A determine B tell C determining D improve
11.A moderate B average C lower D higher
12.A ignore B improve C like D determine
13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during
15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily
第二篇：2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷-中大网校
中大网校引领成功职业人生
2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(3)总分：100分
及格：60分
考试时间：120分
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
(1)The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.(2)Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.(3)The park is a good place for strollers.(4)At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.(5)The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.(6)he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(7)Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.(8)The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.(9)The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.(10)Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.(11)Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.(12)In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(13)Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.(14)The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.(15)The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
(1)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：Winners and LosersWhy are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构)；many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.{TS}Japan has a long trading tradition.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(2)Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(3)All African countries followed the IMF formula.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(4)The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(5)Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(6)China did not take IMF advice.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(7)Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。
(2)Paragraph 3 ___________
(3)Paragraph 4 ___________
(4)Paragraph 5 ___________ 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(5)Only through the shared language ___________.(6)The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.(7)Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(8)An understanding of English ___________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Hair DetectivesScientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.{TS}What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________ A.A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different region B.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United State C.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxyge D.D Tap water is used to cook foo
(2)James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________． A.A if our bodies break water down into its parts B.B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country C.C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen D.D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from
(3)Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________ A.A Ehleringer was successful in his researc B.B Ehleringer failed in his researc C.C Ehleringer can be a successful detectiv D.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in Chin
(4)What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________ A.A The new technique can tell precisely where a person live B.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same sourc C.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the polic D.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crime
(5)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________ A.A Human hair may help detectives to solve crime B.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crime C.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closel D.D Most detectives are hair specialist
(6)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(7)The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A.A was a way of spreading ideas B.B broke down political barriers C.C led to economic progress D.D made new ideas less schooling
(8)The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A.A there are so many people working in similar fields B.B there is a lot of social unrest at universities C.C their follow experts are scattered round the world D.D their laboratories are in remote places
(9)The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A.A spend less time travelling B.B cut down research costs C.C develop their ideas more quickly D.D keep up with current developments
(10)Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings B.B articles in learned journals C.C the work of international agencies D.D programs initiated by governments
(11)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Geography and MovementTo understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.{TS}The ancient people believed that ___________.A.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky B.B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth C.C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change D.D the stars around the sky were not stationary
(12)Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________ A.A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plan B.B The moon revolved along the eclipti C.C The moon moves faster than the su D.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's tim
(13)It is stated in astrology that ___________.A.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion B.B the sun was moving westward around the sky C.C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week D.D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun
(14)All the other five planets ___________.A.A always appear near the path of the sun B.B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does C.C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does D.D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does
(15)According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________ A.A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sk B.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planet C.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the star D.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year aroun
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
(1)根据下列短文，补全{TSE}题。
(2)回答第47空。
(3)回答第48空。
(4)回答第49空。
(5)回答第50空。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Avalanche and Its SafetyAn avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes；also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees； the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60；that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations；snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。{TS}回答第51空。A.A among B.B of C.C to D.D in
(2)回答第52空。A.A when B.B that C.C who D.D whose
(3)回答第53空。A.A mostly B.B likely C.C clearly D.D surely
(4)回答第54空。A.A are B.B will be C.C is D.D was
(5)回答第55空。A.A weight B.B form C.C risk D.D work
(6)回答第56空。A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather
(7)回答第57空。
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
A.A fall B.B flow C.C roll D.D gather
(8)回答第58空。A.A among B.B between C.C with D.D for
(9)回答第59空。A.A thick B.B thin C.C flat D.D rocky
(10)回答第60空。A.A use B.B time C.C snow D.D rain
(11)回答第61空。A.A journey B.B trip C.C fact D.D process
(12)回答第62空。A.A conditions B.B reports C.C forecast D.D event
(13)回答第63空。A.A increase B.B reduce 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
C.C improve D.D remove
(14)回答第64空。A.A price B.B effort C.C attention D.D money
(15)回答第65空。A.A missing B.B grown C.C big D.D fresh
答案和解析
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):B
(2):A
(3):B
(4):B
(5):D 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(6):A
(7):C
(8):A
(9):D
(10):D
(11):C
(12):A
(13):B
(14):C
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(15):D
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A 这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition．日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。(2):A 本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。(3):B 在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。(4):B 第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years．70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。(5):C 文中没有提到澳大利亚。(6):A 本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula．即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。(7):C 在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):F 此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。(2):D 此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。(3):A 此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。(4):C 此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。(5):B 答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。(6):A 第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the＋有关前述名词，以避免重复。(7):D 第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。(8):E 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。
第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):B 第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。(2):C 第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。(3):A 第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量；科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。(4):C 选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。(5):A 题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。(6):D 根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。(7):A 根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。(8):A 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。(9):C 根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。(10):A 文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。(11):C 根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。(12):D 根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。(13):D 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。(14):A 文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。(15):B 根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项中，只有B符合题意，所以正确答案为B。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)(1):B B系动词is后面缺表语，而这个表语需能说明主语history。(2):A A agriculture是句子的主语，需要填入谓语动词。(3):E 这里后面的句子在语法上已经完整，所以缺的很可能是一个状语短语。(4):C 后面的or提示了这里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的两个成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可确认。(5):D therefore后面跟-ing短语表示结果，这里的therefore相当于thus。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。(1):A 表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在„„之中)。(2):B 从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。(3):B 选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。(4):C 该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。(5):C 要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。(6):D 第56和第57可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。(7):B(见56)。(8):B 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
理解该句的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在350—450之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在„„之间。(9):C 这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。(10):A 句子中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。(11):D 尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。(12):A 选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。(13):B 选项A不符合句子的意思；C不能和risk搭配；D悖逆符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。(14):C 该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。(15):A 该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
第三篇：2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷-中大网校
中大网校引领成功职业人生
2012年职称英语考试《理工类》押题试卷(2)总分：100分
及格：60分
考试时间：120分
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
(1)The cylindrical shape of a cactus reduces moisture loss.A.A lessens B.B delays C.C redistributes D.D reverses
(2)In temperate regions the growth rings on turtles' epidermal plates reflect seasonal variations in growth.A.A indicate B.B stimulate C.C include D.D prevent
(3)During the 1840's, Dorothea Dix was a leader in the movement for the reform of prison conditions.A.A unification B.B creation C.C revival D.D betterment
(4)The polar regions are generally covered with ice and snow.A.A areas B.B rocks C.C mountains D.D seas
(5)Against the advice of his accountants, Henry Ford regularly reduced the price of his early automobiles.A.A recklessly B.B hesitantly C.C greatly D.D routinely 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(6)Proper exercise plays a significant role in the rehabilitation of patients with various back ailments.A.A operation B.B recovery C.C casting D.D relaxation
(7)It is not possib1e for peop1e to remember everything that they have thought.A.A reca11 B.B appreciate C.C repeat D.D discuss
(8)A fossil is remnant of a once-living organism.A.A bone B.B solvent C.C picture D.D vestige
(9)An expert in any fie1d may be defined as a person who possesses specia1ized ski11s and is capab1e of rendering very competent services.A.A obtaining B.B mastering C.C providing D.D financing
(10)Among the men and women who reshaped the American working class during the early l900s, there were many who were not members of labor unions.A.A challenged the rights of B.B criticized the views of C.C interviewed the leaders of D.D changed the character of
(11)Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.A.A lived B.B died 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
C.C hunted D.D fed
(12)Over thirty cities around the world boast more than five million residents.A.A jobs B.B dwellings C.C blocks D.D inhabitants
(13)By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.A.A test B.B limit C.C standardize D.D prohibit
(14)High wages and restrictive work practices are said to have created new nonunion competition.A.A inefficient B.B recognized C.C limiting D.D dangerous
(15)The host important result of the Lewis and Clark expedition was that it enabled the United States to claim the Oregon region.A.A regret B.B problem C.C outcome D.D controversy
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
(1)根据下列材料请回答 {TSE}题：SleepingPeople who sleep for more than eight hours a night do not live as long as those who sleep for six hours, according to the biggest study yet into sleep patterns and mortality(死亡率).Scientists have no explanation for the findings and do not know if they mean people who like a lie-in(睡懒觉)can extend their lives by sleeping less.Although it is a common belief that sleeping for at least eight hours a night is vital for health and well-being, the six-year study involving more than 1.1 million Americans older than 30 found that those who slept 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
for less than eight hours were far from doing themselves any long-term harm.“Individuals who now average 6.5 hours of sleep a night can be reassured that this is a safe amount of sleep.From a health standpoint, there is no reason to sleep longer，”said Daniel Kripke, a professor of psychiatry(精神病学)at the University of California, San Diego.Dr.Kripke said, “We don't know if long sleep periods lead to death.Additional studies are needed to determine if setting your alarm clock earlier will actually improve your health.”The scientists, who were funded by the American Cancer Society, found that the best survival rates were among the men and women who slept for seven hours a night.Those who slept for eight hours were 12 per cent more likely to die during the six-year period of the study, when other factors such as diet and smoking were taken into account.Even those who spent a mere five hours a night in bed lived longer than those who slept for eight or more hours.However, an increasing death rate was found among those who slept for less than five hours.Dr.Kripke said, “Previous sleep studies have indicated that both short and long duration(持续时间)sleep had higher mortality rates.However, none of those studies were large enough to distinguish the difference between seven and eight hours a night, until now.”{TS}More than 1.1 million Americans participated in the six-year study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(2)All the participants were from the state of California.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(3)The study shows that the longer you sleep each night, the longer you'll live.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(4)The findings indicate that it is all right to sleep for 6.5 hours a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(5)Most of the participants slept for 7 hours a night during the study.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(6)Sleeping for less than 5 hours each night is better than sleeping for 5 hours.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
(7)The study was the first to tell the difference between 7 and 8 hours of sleep a night.A.A Right B.B Wrong C.C Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
(1)根据下列材料请回答 {TSE}题：
(2)Paragraph 3 ___________
(3)Paragraph 4 ___________ 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(4)Paragraph 6 ___________
(5)Some serious diseases is connected with deficiency of _____________.(6)It is extremely necessary to study the long-term effects caused by living on ___________________.中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(7)Geologists are indispensable in the research project on geology and health due to their knowledge on ___________________.(8)Industrially contaminated sites usually require a thorough clean up due to ___________________.第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
(1)根据下列文章,请回答 {TSE}题。Motoring Technology1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur each year, plus a further 50 million injuries.To reduce car crash rate, much research now is focused on safety and new fuels-though some electric vehicle and biofuel research aims at going 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
faster.Travelling at speed has always been risky.One cutting edge area of research in motoring safety is the use of digital in--car assistants.They can ensure you don't miss crucial road signs or fall asleep.The use of artificial intelligence software allows these assistants to monitor your driving and makes sure your phone or radio doesn't distract you at a vital moment.Most crashes result from human and not mechanical faults.Some safety developments aim to improve your vision.Radar can spot obstacles in fog, while other technology “sees through” high-sided vehicles blocking your view.And improvements to seat belts, pedal controls and tyres are making driving smoother and safer.The colour of a car has been found to be linked with safety, as have, less surprisingly, size and shape.And alternatives to fossil-fuel based petrol, such as plant oils, are a hot area of research.Fuel cells based on hydrogen burn cleanly, and are the subject of a serious research effort.But whatever is in the fuel tank, you don't want a thief in the driving seat and there have been many innovations, some using satellite tracking and remote communications, to fight against car theft.These communication systems can also come into play if you crash, automatically calling for help.Accidents cause many traffic jams, but there are more subtle interplays between vehicles that can cause jams even on a clear but busy road.Such jams can be analysed using statistical tools.Robotic drivers could be programmed to make traffic flow smoothly and will perhaps one day be everyone's personal chauffeur, but their latest efforts suggest that won't be soon.{TS}What are researchers interested in doing as the road accidents worldwide increase to a shocking rate? _________ A.A They are developing faster electric vehicle B.B They are analyzing road deaths occurring worldwide every yea C.C They focus their research on safety and new fuel D.D They are designing fully automatic car
(2)According to the second paragraph, most road accidents happen _________ A.A because drivers fall asleep B.B because drivers make mistakes C.C because of engine failure D.D because of speeding
(3)Which of the safety developments is NOT mentioned in the passage? _________ A.A Radars that can help drivers to see obstacles in fo B.B Devices that can help drivers to see through big vehicle C.C Improvements in seat belts, pedal controls and tyre D.D Windscreens that can help drivers to improve their visio
(4)What is NOT the purpose of innovations that use satellite tracking and remote communications? _________ A.A To prevent car thieves from getting into your ca B.B To call for help when one's car crashe C.C To call for help when the car gets jammed in the traffi 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
D.D To track the car down when it is being stole
(5)What is true of robotic drivers? _________ A.A It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical us B.B Robotic drivers are not allowed to drive on busy road C.C Robotic drivers can never replace human driver D.D Robotic drives are too expensive to us
(6)根据下列文章,请回答 {TSE}题。How to ForgiveTo forgive may be divine, but no one ever said it was easy.When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your grudge.But forgiveness is possible－and it can be surprisingly beneficial to your physical and mental health.“People who forgive show less depression, anger and stress and more hopefulness,”says Frederic luskin, Ph.D., author of Forgive for Good(Harper Collins, 2002).“So it can help save on the wear and tear on our organs, reduce the wearing out of the immune system and allow people to feel more vital.”So how do you start the healing? Try following these steps: Calm yourself.To defuse your anger, try a simple stress-management technique.“Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love,” laskin says.Don't wait for an apology.“Many times the person who hurt you has no intention of apologizing,” luskin says.“They may have wanted to hurt you or they just don't see things the same way.So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting an awfully long time.” Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action.Take the control away from your offender.Mentally replaying your hurt gives power to the person who caused you pain.“Instead of focusing on your wounded feelings, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you,” luskin says.Try to see things from the other person's perspective.If you empathize with that person, you may realize that he or she was acting out of ignorance, fear－even love.To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of view.Recognize the benefits of forgiveness.Research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite and better sleep patterns.Don't forget to forgive yourself.“ For people, forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge,” luskin says.“ But it can rob you of your self-confidence if you don't.”{TS}According to the passage, which of the following statements of forgiveness is NOT true? _________ A.A Forgiveness is eas B.B Forgiveness is possibl C.C Forgiveness can benefit your physical and mental healt D.D Forgiveness is grea
(7)The underlined word “grudge”(Para.1)most probably means“_________”.A.A understanding B.B forgiveness C.C anger 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
D.D jealousy
(8)“Take a couple of breaths and think of...someone you love” is a good way to _________.A.A take the control away from your offender B.B see things from the other person's perspective C.C recognize the benefits of forgiveness D.D calm yourself
(9)According to luskin, you should not wait for an apology.There are several reasons EXCEPT that _________.A.A the person who hurt you may have no intention of apologizing B.B forgiveness means reconciliation with the person who hurt you C.C the person who hurt you may have wanted to hurt you D.D people just don't see things the same way
(10)What is the biggest challenge? _________ A.A To have better appetite and better sleep when you are hurt by other B.B To stop replaying your hur C.C To remember to forgive yoursel D.D To write a letter to yourself from your offender's point of vie
(11)根据下列材料请回答{TSE}题：
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(12)Which of the following statement is true of the Hawaiian natives? _________
(13)Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee? _________
(14)Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty? _________
(15)Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT _________．
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
(1)根据下列文章,请回答{TSE}题。
(2)请选择（47）处最佳答案。
(3)请选择（48）处最佳答案。
(4)请选择（49）处最佳答案。
(5)请选择（50）处最佳答案。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
(1)根据下列短文，回答{TSE}题。Captain Cook Arrow legendIt was a great legend while it lasted, but DNA testing has 51 ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British exploere Captain James Cook 52 died in the Sandwich Islands in 1779.“There is 53 Cook in the Australian Museum,” museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook's bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its 54 , “Uncovered: Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which 55 include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani'opu'u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain's great explorers and is credited with 56 the “Great South land,” 57 Australia, in 1770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands, now Hawaii.The legend of Cook's arrow began in 1824 58 Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams, a london surgeon and relative of Cook's wife, saying it was made of Cook's bone after the fatal 59 with islanders.In the l890s the arro was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued 60 it came face-to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook's bone but was more 6l made of animal bone, said Philp.However, Cook's fans 62 to give up hope that one Cook legend will prove true and that part of his remains will still be uncovered, as they say there is evidence not all of Cook's body was 63 at sea in 1779.“On this occasion technology has won,” said Cliff Thornton, president of the Captan Cook Society, in a 64 from 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
Britain.“But I am 65 that one of these days...one of the Cook legends will prove to be true and it will happen one day.”。{TS}回答第51空。A.A finally B.B firstly C.C lately D.D usually
(2)回答第52空。A.A whose B.B who C.C which D.D what
(3)回答第53空。A.A some B.B none C.C neither D.D no
(4)回答第54空。A.A cinema B.B exhibition C.C shop D.D market
(5)回答第55空。A.A must B.B did C.C has to D.D does
(6)回答第56空。A.A discovering B.B visiting C.C travelling D.D using
(7)回答第57空。
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
A.A then B.B now C.C past D.D previously
(8)回答第58空。A.A how B.B where C.C when D.D that
(9)回答第59空。A.A conversation B.B fight C.C meal D.D dance
(10)回答第60空。A.A however B.B until C.C after D.D whenever
(11)回答第61空。A.A helpfully B.B usefully C.C likely D.D readily
(12)回答第62空。A.A refuse B.B return C.C regain D.D reply
(13)回答第63空。A.A collected B.B washed 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
C.C stored D.D buried
(14)回答第64空。A.A statement B.B suggestion C.C proposal D.D guess
(15)回答第65空。A.A safe B.B weak C.C sure D.D lucky
答案和解析
第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有l5个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。(1):A
(2):A
(3):D
(4):A
(5):D
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
(6):B
(7):A
(8):D
(9):C
(10):D
(11):A
(12):D
(13):B
(14):C
(15):C
第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。(1):A A从文章的第三段可以得知，有110多万美国人参与了这项历时六年的研究。(2):C C文章第四段只是提及该项研究的负责人之一是一位来自加州大学的精神病学教授，但并没有说研究对象都来自哪里。(3):B B从文章的第一句便可得知，一个人并非每晚睡眠时间越长就越长寿。(4):A A从文章的第四段可以得知，一个人平均每晚睡眠六个半小时就足够了。(5):C 中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
C文章第六段只是提及研究发现，每晚睡眠七小时的男女寿命最长，但并没有说多数参与研究者在研究进行期间是否每晚睡七小时。(6):B B从文章第七段可以得知，每晚睡眠五小时者要比每晚睡眠八小时或更多小时者长寿，但每晚睡眠不足五小时者死亡率将随之升高。(7):A A从文章的最后一句可以得知，该项研究首次区分出每晚睡眠七小时与八小时之间的差别。第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)(1):D 第一段点出主题，即某些金属进入人类食谱可能与地质有关。(2):A 第三段涉及的是自然污染的土壤一般情况下对人体不会造成危害。此段首句就提示了这一点：So far there is no data to suggest that people living on metal—rich soils experience a potential health hazard．(3):B 第四段说，受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，因此，某些微量重金属被认为有可能与癌症有关，并引起中毒。(4):C 答案的依据是本段的第二句：Future environmental investigations of naturally polluted soils should concentrate on the potential pathways of metals into the food chain and human body。(5):E 第一段最后一句：A lack of iodine in the human diet leads to some serious diseases，是选择E的依据。(6):C 本题答案的依据是最后一段的第一句，即There is a vital need to understand the potential risks and long—term health effects of living on naturally contaminated soils．(7):B 全文都在论述重金属的摄入可能会对人体健康产生有害影响，最后一段说到地质学家在解决调查这个问题能起的作用。这个句子是：Geologists should be part of such studies as they can provide the essential background information on rock and soil chemistry as well as the chemical forms of heavy metal pollution．(8):F 第四段涉及这一问题。受到工业污染的土壤含有重金属，而重金属很稳定，不容易降解，所以，要对重金属进行彻底的清除。
第4部分：阅读理解：第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请根据文章的内容，从每题所给的4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。(1):C 文章第一段的意思是：在世界范围内，每年发生120万起交通死亡事故，加上5，000万伤残事故，因此，正在进行的许多研究的重点是安全问题和新燃料问题，尽管一些电动车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。所以，c是正确选项。(2):B 第二段最后一句说，大多数汽车撞车事故是人为原因造成的，而不是机械故障的原因。所以C是错误选项；A和D中的fa11 asleep和speeding是人为原因，但只是部分人为因素，不中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
能概全。(3):D 文章中没有提到windscreens(汽车挡风玻璃)，所以D是正确选项。其他几项均在文中提到。(4):C 根据第六段内容，使用卫星跟踪和遥控通讯方面的革新，其目的是防盗(A和D)和发生事故时求援(B)。C的内容在文中没有被提到，所以是正确选项。(5):A 文章最后一段说，为机器人司机编制程序后，它们就能使交通变得通畅，也许今后某一天，大家都拥有机器人司机，但是，这一天的到来还有待时日。B、C、D的内容在文中均没有提到；A句说，要实际使用机器人司机还需时日，这显然与末段最后一句表达的意思相吻合。(6):A 根据文章的第一段，宽恕是伟大的，是可能的，是对身心有益的，但是不容易做到，所以只有A是正确答案。(7):C 这里要求猜测单词“grudge”的意义，根据上下文，作者强调宽恕是不容易做到的，要忘记怨恨也是不容易做到的，因此选项 C是正确答案。(8):D D其依据在第二段“Calm yourself．To defuse your anger，try a simple stress—management technique．‘Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure：a beautiful scene in nature，someone you love．’luskin says．”由此可见做几次深呼吸，想一想某个你所爱的人能使你平静下来。(9):B B其依据在第二段“Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily nlean reconciliation with the person who upset you or condoning of his or her action．”即宽恕并不一定意味着要和伤害你的人妥协，或宽恕他(她)的行为。(10):C C本题询问的是最大的挑战是什么。根据第二段中“For people，forgiving themselves is the biggest challenge，”可见C为正确答案。(11):D 文中第二段第一句话讲到“„since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups．”，由此可以判断“ Hawaii’s native minority”指的是夏威夷本地的一个少数民族。所以D为正确答案。(12):D 本题的相关信息为文章的第二段。“„since then Hawaii’s native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups”说明夏威夷本土的少数民族的生活比岛上其他种族艰苦，所以D是正确答案。(13):B 本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第三段，与文章原文相比较可知，A、C、D三项均符合原意，只有B项文中未提及。所以B为正确答案。(14):C 在“This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs(0HA)，a state agency set up in 1978 to represent to natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement”这一句中，“moderate”的意思就是“less radical”，所以正确答案应中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
当为C。(15):A A综合全文可知，有的要求“岛内自治”，有的要求“脱离美国而独立”，还有的要求“拥有领地”，因此B、C、D三项均符合原意，只有A项不是他们的要求。第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)(1):C C是承上启下的句子。上一句说的是，气球将Sterns带到同温层。下一句说的是，没有人尝试过不坐飞机或不坐宇宙飞船从同温层往下跳。有了C这个句子，意思就连贯了。(2):E 此处应该是个引导句，应该包含采取行动这类概括词，因为随后的句子是，第一步做什么，第二步做什么，等等。选项E是符合这个要求的。(3):D D表达的是跳出气球后下滑的速度，与前一句的意思是连贯的。(4):A 后面的句子列举了许多hazards。据此推论，此处的句子应该是引导句或概括句。选项A中有several major hazards这几个概括词，与后面列举的各种hazards相呼应。(5):F 选项F中，用了in short(简而言之)，是总结前面陈述的内容：blood boils说明此处前面句子的内容与blood有关。事实上，此处前面的句子说的是，在低大气压的情况下，溶在人体液体中的气体会逸出，就像碳酸水冒泡泡一样。选项F形象地总结了上述句子的内容。
第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。(1):A 第一段说DNA鉴定的结论终止了流传了二百年的有关箭是用Cook船长骨头制成的传说。根据这一层意思，选finally是合适的。其他三个选项的词义都对不上号。(2):B Cook之后的从句是定语从句，替代Cook的关系代词应该是who。whose也可替代Cook，但是whose是所有格，而定语从句中的关系代词用作主语，所以只能选who。(3):D 本段和其他有关段落都说到，澳大利亚博物馆没有用Cook船长骨头制成的箭，所以本题只能选no，不能选some。none之后不能直接跟名词。neither一般与nor成对连用。(4):C 博物馆中不会把珍藏的arrow陈列在shop，market或cinema，所以exhibition是答案。(5):D does用在动词前表示强调，does include的意思是“确实包括”。用did不妥，因为主句的谓语用的是一般将来时will not stop。has to或must也不妥，因为上下文的意思并没有要求用“必须”(must)或“不得不”(has to)。(6):A be credited with的意思是“把„„归功于”，再联系到前面两次提到Cook是伟大的explorer，选项A的discovering是最恰当的选择。visiting，travelling和using与be credited with所表达的意思都搭不上。(7):B 从上下文判断，Cook发现的是当时称为Great South land，现在称为Australia的那块大陆。now是答案。注意，下旬中桑伟奇群岛，现称夏威夷群岛，也用now。then(当时)、past(过中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
中大网校引领成功职业人生
去的)或previously(以前)意思与上下文表达的意思连接不上。(8):C 1824之后的定语从句是修饰表达时间概念1824的，所以连接词要用关系副词when。(9):B 第三段提到Cook是被乱棍打死的(He was clubbed to death„)，所以选择fight是很自然的。(10):B 第五段主要的意思是“有关„„的传说继续到„„为止”，所以合适的选择是until。(11):C 本段表明，DNA鉴定的结论是：这支箭不是用Cook的骨头制成的。接下去的意思是，这支箭很可能是用动物的骨头制成的。而more likely是“很可能”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与本句表达的意思不匹配。(12):A 从上下文判断，只有选refuse才符合原意。从语法上判断，refuse后面可接动词不定式。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。(13):D was buried at sea是“葬身海中”的意思。其他三个选项的词义与句子表达的意思不符。(14):A 本题从语义上只能选statement(声明)。其他三个选项，即suggestion(建议)、proposal(提议)与guess(猜测)表达的意思与语境不符。(15):C 本题要选sure，表示Cliff Thornton对sure后面的that从句表达的将要发生的事有信心。而safe，weak或lucky的词义与句子表达的意思不符。
中大网校
“十佳网络教育机构”、“十佳职业培训机构”
网址：www.xiexiebang.com
第四篇：2012年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案
2012年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷及答案
（二）第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。The windchill factor, the combination of low temperature and wind speed, strikingly increases the degree of cold felt by a person who is outdoors.A effectively
B remarkably
C certainly
D unquestionably Once thought doomed to extinction, southern sea otters are now stringently protected through the efforts of naturalist groups.A rigorously
B minimally
C federally
D guardedly The park is a good place for strollers.A carriages
B walkers
C sprinters
D campers At age twenty-five Orson Welles stunned the film world with his movie Citizen Kane.A amused
B amazed
C frightened
D offended The disease, rust, stunts a plant's growth and leads to the destruction of the plant.A enhances
B moderates
C stops
D hinders he Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about, 1,600 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.A underwater
B fearless
C unconscious
D breathless Vice-President Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States following the death of John F.Kennedy and was subsequently elected to a full term in 1964.A duly
B finally
C later
D therefore The outcry against the government's policies will subside only if a compromise is reached in the assembly.A die down
B succeed
C proceed
D be dislodged The Texas Opera Theater was established as a subsidiary of the Houston Grand Opera in order to give young singers performing their experience.A hall
B rival
C patron
D branch Benjamin Franklin was not the first to suggest the relationship between lightning and electricity, but his experiment with a kite was original.A define
B confirm
C examine
D propose Louis Sullivan, a famous American architect, varied his structures to suit the local climate.A modify
B enhance
C accommodate
D avoid In statistics, the mathematical mean is obtained by dividing the sum of a group of scores by the number of scores.A total
B square
C numerator
D list Fortified medieval towns were often surrounded by two water moats.A protected
B encircled
C flooded
D supplied The future survival of the bald eagle is still an important American ecological concern.A migration
B population
C existence
D evolution The children's story writer known as Dr.Seuss proved that the simplest stories for children could have characterization and suspense.A structure
B history
C excitement
D plot 第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Winners and Losers
Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc(集团)and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated(给以新的活力)by the Chinese adoption of market economics.The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure(基础结构);many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies;often under pressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and an adequate method for collecting taxes.Encouraged by the IMF, the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs(寡头政治集团成员), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home, sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formula.Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by ignoring IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes.Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.Japan has a long trading tradition.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned All African countries followed the IMF formula.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned The Soviet Union was a capitalist country.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned China did not take IMF advice.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1、3、4、6段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
English and English Community There is no denying that English is a useful language.The people who speak English today make up the largest speech community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese.Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who settled in England.Their languages became more and more similar to each other.Finally, the language had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England.The people were united into a speech community through their shared language.A speech community is similar to other kinds of communities.The people who make up the community share common language.Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city.More often they form a whole country.National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community.A speech community is any group of people who speak the same language no matter where they happen to live.We may say that anyone who speaks English belongs to the English speech community.For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the speakers learn English as a second language for the purpose of education, commerce, and so on.English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for the many nations of the world which employ it as an international second language.English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international diplomacy.Moreover, English is the language of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come to rely heavily on an understanding of English.Learning second language extends one's vision and expands the mind.The history and literature of a second language record the real and fictional lives of people and their culturel;a knowledge of them adds to our ability to understand and to feel as they feel.Learning English as a second language provides another means of communication through which the window of the entire English speech community becomes a part of our heritage.Paragraph 2 ___________ Paragraph 3 ___________ Paragraph 4 ___________ Paragraph 5 ___________ A The Wide Use of English
B Historical Account of English and Its Community
C The Advantages of Learning a Second Language
D The Composition of the English Community
E The Threat That English Poses to Other Languages
F The Definition of a Speech Community Only through the shared language ___________.The idea of the national boundaries in often different from ___________.Speakers are classified into two groups ___________.An understanding of English ___________.A that of a speech community
B can a speech community be formed
C in order to learn English better
D for the sake of simplicity
E has played an important role in the field of education
F is widely used in several areas of public activity
第四部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇 Hair Detectives
Scientists have found a way to use hair to figure out where a person is from and where that person has been.The finding could help solve crimes, among other useful applications.Water is central to the new technique.Our bodies break water down into its parts: hydrogen and oxygen.Atoms of these two elements end up in our tissues and hair.But not all water is the same.Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can vary in how much they weigh.Different forms of a single element are called isotopes.And depending on where you live, tap water contains unique proportions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.Might hair record these watery quirks? That's what James R.Ehleringer, an environmental scientist at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, wondered.To find out, he and his colleagues collected hair from barbers and hair stylists in 65 cities in 18 states across the United States.The researchers assumed that the hair they collected came from people who lived in the area.Even though people drink a lot of bottled water these days, the scientists found that hair overwhelmingly reflected the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in local tap water.That's probably because people usually cook their food in the local water.What's more, most of the other liquids people drink including milk and soft drinks contain large amounts of water that also come from sources within their region.Scientists already knew how the composition of water varies throughout the country.Ehleringer and colleagues combined that information with their results to predict the composition of hair in people from different regions.One hair sample used in Ehleringer's study came from a man who had recently moved from Beijing, China, to Salt Lake City.As his hair grew, it reflected his change in location.The new technique can't point to exactly where a person is from, because similar types of water appear in different regions that span a broad area.But authorities can now use the information to analyze hair samples from criminals or crime victims and narrow their search for clues.31 What does the writer say about tap water? Which of the following is NOT correct? ___________
A Tap water reflects the concentrations of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in different regions.B Tap water is a kind of soft drink in the United States.C Tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen.D Tap water is used to cook food.32 James R.Ehleringer tried to find out___________.A if our bodies break water down into its parts
B if it is possible to collect hair samples across the country
C if tap water contains unique proportions of isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen
D if the composition of hair can indicate exactly where people are from
Which of the following statements is meant by the writer? ___________
A Ehleringer was successful in his research.B Ehleringer failed in his research.C Ehleringer can be a successful detective.D Ehleringer's research proved successful in China.34 What does the last paragraph tell you? ___________
A The new technique can tell precisely where a person lives.B Water supplied in different regions all come from the same source.C Types of water used in different regions provide useful information for the police.D Hair samples provide the most important clues to identify crimes.35 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the title? ___________
A Human hair may help detectives to solve crimes.B Animal hair may help detectives to solve crimes.C Detectives watch hairy criminals closely.D Most detectives are hair specialists.第二篇 Why They Travel?
Scholars and students have always been great travellers.The official case for“academic mobility” is now often stated in impressive terms as a fundamental necessity for economic and social progress in the world, and debated in the corridors of Europe, but it is certainly nothing new.Serious students were always ready to go abroad in search of the most stimulating teachers and the most famous academies;in search of the purest philosophy, the most effective medicine, the likeliest road to gold.Mobility of this kind meant also mobility of ideas, their transference across frontiers, their simultaneous impact upon many groups of people.The point of learning is to share it, whether with students or with colleagues;one presumes that only eccentrics have no interest in being credited with a startling discovery, or a new technique.It must also have been reassuring to know that other people in other parts of the world were about to make the same discovery or were thinking along the same lines, and that one was not quite alone, confronted by inquisition, ridicule or neglect.In the twentieth century, and particularly in the last 20 years, the old footpaths of the wandering scholars have become vast highways.The vehicle which has made this possible has of course been the aeroplane, making contact between scholars even in the most distant places immediately feasible, and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge.Apart from the vehicle itself, it is fairly easy to identify the main factors which have brought about the recent explosion in academic movement.Some of these are purely quantitative and require no further mention: there are far more centres of learning, and a far greater number of scholars and students.In addition one must recognise the very considerable multiplication of disciplines, particularly in the sciences, which by widening the total area of advanced studies has produced an enormous number of specialists whose particular interests are precisely defined.These people would work in some isolation if they were not able to keep in touch with similar isolated groups in other countries.Frequently these specialisations lie in areas where very rapid developments are taking place, and also where the research needed for developments is extremely costly and takes a long time.It is precisely in these areas that the advantages of collaboration and sharing of expertise appear most evident.Associated with this is the growth of specialist periodicals, which enable scholars to become aware of what is happening in different centres of research and to meet each other in conferences and symposia.From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation, and provide them with their most satisfactory stimulus.But as the specialisations have increased in number and narrowed in range, there had been an Opposite movement towards interdisciplinary studies.These owe much to the belief that one cannot properly investigate the incredibly complex problems thrown up by the modern world, and by recent advances in our knowledge along the narrow front of a single discipline.This trend has led to a great deal of academic contact between disciplines, and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of specialist knowledge, reflected in the broad subjects chosen in many international conferences.36 According to the passage, scholars and students are great travellers because __________.A standards are higher at foreign universities
B their governments encourage them to travel
C salaries and conditions are better abroad
D they are eager for new knowledge
The writer says that travel was important in the past because it __________.A was a way of spreading ideas
B broke down political barriers
C led to economic progress
D made new ideas less schooling
The writer claims that it is important for specialists to be able to travel because _________.A there are so many people working in similar fields
B there is a lot of social unrest at universities
C their follow experts are scattered round the world
D their laboratories are in remote places
The writer thinks that the growth of specialist societies and periodicals has helped scholars to __________.A spend less time travelling
B cut down research costs
C develop their ideas more quickly
D keep up with current developments
Developments in international cooperation are often, it is suggested, the result of __________.A friendships formed by scholars at meetings
B articles in learned journals
C the work of international agencies
D programs initiated by governments
第三篇
Geography and Movement
To understand how astrology works, we should first take a quick look at the sky.Although the stars are at enormous distances, they do indeed give the impression of being affixed to the inner surface of a great hollow sphere surrounding the earth.Ancient people, in fact, literally believed in the existence of such a celestial sphere.As the earth spins on its axis, the celestial sphere appears to turn about us each day, pivoting at points on a line with the earth's axis of rotation.This daily turning of the sphere carries the stars around the sky, causing most of them to rise and set, but they, and constellations they define, maintains fixed patterns on the sphere, just as the continent of Australian maintains its shape on a spinning globe of the earth.Thus the stars were called fixed stars.The motion of the sun along the ecliptic is, of course, merely a reflection of the revolution of the earth around the sun, but the ancients believed the earth was fixed and the sun had and independent motion of its own, eastward among the stars.The glare of sunlight hides the stars in daytime, but the ancients were aware that the stars were up there even at night, and the slow eastward motion of the sun around the sky, at the rate of about thirty degrees each month, caused different stars to be visible at night at different times of the year.The moon, revolving around the earth each month, also has an independent motion in the sky.The moon, however, changes it position relatively rapidly.Although it appears to rise and set each day, as does nearly everything else in the sky, we can see the moon changing position during as short an interval as an hour or so.The moon's path around the earth lies nearly in the same plane as the earth's path around the sun, so the moon is never seen very far from the ecliptic in the sky.There are five other objects visible to the naked eye that also appear to move in respect to the fixed background of stars on the celestial sphere.These are the planets Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and the Saturn.All of them revolve around the sun in nearly the same plane as the earth does, so they, like the moon, always appear near the ecliptic.Because we see the planets from the moving earth, however, they behave in a complicated way, with their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well.41 The ancient people believed that ___________.A the earth was spinning on the axis of the sky
B the sky was a hollow sphere spinning around the earth
C the patterns of stars on the sky would never change
D the stars around the sky were not stationary
Which of the following is true about the motion of the moon? ___________
A The moon and the sun are moving in the same plane.B The moon revolved along the ecliptic.C The moon moves faster than the sun.D The position of the moon can be found changed in an hour's time.43 It is stated in astrology that ___________.A the sun is so distant from us that it was hard to follow its motion
B the sun was moving westward around the sky
C the motion of the sun is at the rate of about thirty degrees every week
D the motion of the sun is similar to the revolution of the earth around the sun
All the other five planets ___________.A always appear near the path of the sun
B are moving in a way more complicated than the earth does
C aren't moving around the sun as independently as the earth does
D are moving around the sun at the same speed as the earth does
According to the passage which of the following is true? ___________
A A fixed star refers a star that is always stationary on the sky.B Scientists can tell the motion of the earth from the motions of other five planets.C Ancient people had scanty knowledge about the movement of the stars.D All the stars on the sky can be seen all the year around.第五部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Importance of Agriculture in China
The development of agriculture and the balance between food and population are China's fun-damental economic problems.The classical histories praise emperors for devotion to agriculture and much of China's modern history is 46, which has been growing steadily.Today, although agriculture accounts for only a quarter of the Gross National Product, it is still the main determinant of the standard of living and the principal occupation of at least 70 percent of the population.Agriculture also 47 because industry needs both agricultural raw materials and food for its work force.The failure of agriculture to supply raw materials and food halted and later reversed the industrial progress of the 1950's.After 1960 new emphasis was placed on agriculture, and the slogan “griculture is the foundation of the economy” has remained a central Chinese economic policy ever since.48, there is an indirect link due to the relationship between agriculture and foreign trade.Many of China's exports are 49 or consumer goods based on them.Flourishing agriculture, therefore, promotes exports.It also reduces the need to spend foreign exchange on imports of grain and cotton, therefore 50
A determines the progress of industry
B the story of the unfolding struggle to feed a peasant population
C either agricultural raw materials
D enlarging the capacity of the economy to import machinery and commodities for industry
E In addition to the direct links between agriculture and industry
F thus promoting both import and export 第六部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Avalanche and Its Safety
An avalanche is a sudden and rapid flow of snow, often mixed with air and water, down a mountainside.Avalanches are 51 the biggest dangers in the mountains for both life and property.All avalanches are caused by an over-burden of material, typically snowpack, that is too massive and unstable for the slope 52 supports it.Determining the critical load, the amount of over-burden which is 53 to cause an avalanche, 54 a complex task involving the evaluation of a number of factors.Terrain slopes flatter than 25 degrees or steeper than 60 degrees typically have a low 55 of avalanche.Snow does not 56 significantly on steep slopes;also, snow does not 57 easily on flat slopes.Human-triggered avalanches have the greatest incidence when the snow's angle of rest is 58 35 and 45 degrees;the critical angle, the angle at which the human incidence of avalanches is greatest, is 38 degrees.The rule of thumb is: A slope that is 59 enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski has the potential to generate an avalanche, regardless of the angle.Additionally, avalanche risk increases with 60;that is, the more a slope is disturbed by skiers, the more likely it is that an avalanche will occur.Due to the complexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry is never 100% safe.Good avalanche safety is a continuous 61，including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather 62，and human factors.Several well-known good habits can also 63 the risk.If local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid 64 to.Never follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations;snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were made.Observe the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are 65 or damaged.Avoid traveling below others who might trigger an avalanche.51 A among
B of
C to
D in
A when
B that
C who
D whose
A mostly
B likely
C clearly
D surely
A are
B will be
C is
D was
A weight
B form
C risk
D work
A fall
B flow
C roll
D gather
A fall
B flow
C roll
D gather
A among
B between
C with
D for
A thick
B thin
C flat
D rocky
A use
B time
C snow
D rain
A journey
B trip
C fact
D process
A conditions
B reports
C forecast
D event
A increase
B reduce
C improve
D remove
A price
B effort
C attention
D money
A missing
B grown
C big
D fresh 第一部分： B 2 A 3 B 4 B 5 D 6 A 7 C 8 A D10 D 11 C 12 A 13 B 14 C 15 D
第二部分： A这道题的依据是第一段中的一句话：East Asia has a long trading tradition.日本是东亚国家，因而具有悠久的贸易历史。A本题的依据可以在第二段的开头找到，文章说有些国家常常是在有压力的情况下采取了国际货币基金组织(IMF)误导的政策，俄罗斯就是这些国家中的一个。B在文章的最后一段提到了一些因为没有按照IMF的模式去发展而获得成功的例子，其中提到两个非洲国家Botswans和Uganda，因而说所有非洲国家都采纳IMF模式的说法是不对的。B第一段里有一句话：The Soviet Union，on the other hand，was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years.70多年不搞市场经济的国家自然不会是资本主义国家。C文中没有提到澳大利亚。A本题的依据是文章最后一段的第一句话：„，China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula.即中国没有按照IMF的建议去做。
C在第二段的末尾讲到前苏联搞私有化的事，但没有说有高官在私有化过程中受益。
第三部分： F此段解释何为语言群体，最后一句话是关键，可以看作是语言群体的定义。
D此段是讲英语语言群体包括的两类人，所以用composition“构成”一词。
A此段讲述英语在全世界许多领域被广泛应用，如航空、商务、外交、教育等。C此段主要谈的是学习第二语言的益处，最后一句话更具体到学习英语的益处。
B答案来自第一段最后一句，说明人们是通过他们所拥有的共同语言组成一个语言群体。以only开头的句子谓语部分要求使用倒装句。A第二段第四句话表明国界与语言群体的界限并不总是一致的。that用来替代the+有关前述名词，以避免重复。D第三段第二句表明为了方便起见我们将说话者分为两类。for the sake of指“出于„„的考虑”。E第四段最后一句话表明教育越来越依赖对英语的理解。也就是说对英语的理解能力在教育中起着重要的作用。第四部分：
B第三段和第六段谈到tap water。A、C、D均是文中提到的内容。B是错误的，因为文章第六段说，我们饮用的牛奶和饮料都含有大量水分，而没有说tap water是软饮料。
C第四段的问句针对第三段的内容。these watery quirks指的是上段中的unique pro-portions of the heavier and lighter isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen。所以C是正确答案。
A第六段和第七段提供了答案。科学家发现头发能反映出当地自来水中氢、氧同位素的含量;科学家也已经研究出不同地区水成分是不同的，并且在此基础上来确定来自不同地区的人的头发成分。
C选项A、B、D与原文均有出入。尽管在一个较大的范围内，人们使用成分较为相同的水，但是水的成分组成提供的信息可以帮助官方缩小破案线索范围。
A题目的意思是：人的头发可以帮助侦探破案。
D根据文章第一段的最后一句话可以判断学生们出国是因为寻找更能让人受到鼓舞的老师，更有名的学府，更纯粹的哲学等。由此可见选项D最符合题意。
A根据文中第三段的最后一句话“„and providing for the very rapid transmission of knowledge”可以看得出为了更快地传播知识是他们旅游的主要目的。所以A应为正确答案。
A本题所涉及的相关信息在文章第五段。根据题意可以得知学科的繁殖导致了大量科学家的诞生，他们如果不相互交流就不得不孤立地工作。由此可判断A为最佳选择。
C根据文中最后一句话“This trend has led to a great deal of academic contac between disciplines，and a far greater emphasis on the pooling of special knowledge，„”可以推断C为最佳答案。
A文章倒数第二段最后一句话说“From these meetings come the personal relationships which are at the bottom of almost all formalized schemes of cooperation，and provide with their most satisfactory stimulus”，这里的“personal relationships”指的就是“friendship”。由此可见A应为正确答案。
C根据第一段最后两句话，我们可以看出古人认为是地球的转动带动了群星的转动，而群星事实上在天空中保持不变的模式，是恒定的。所以，正确答案应为C。
D根据第三段的第二句和第三句话，文中说月亮的位置变化相对而言比较快，尽管看起来每天起起落落，事实上它的运动间歇为一个小时。由此可以肯定D为正确答案。
D根据第二段第一句话，太阳沿黄道的运动反映了地球的旋转规律，由此可见太阳的旋转与地球的旋转是相似的。所以正确答案应为D。
A文章最后一句话提到“Because we see the planets from the moving earth，however，they behave in a complicated way，„”，说明行星运行的更为复杂。所以A应为正确答案。
B根据文章的最后一句话，“„their apparent motions on the celestial sphere reflecting both their own independent motions around the sun and our motion as well”可以得出结论那五颗行星的运动也反映了地球的运动。在四个选项中，只有B符合题意，所以正确答案为B。
第五部分：
B系动词is后面缺表语，而这个表语需能说明主语history。
A agriculture是句子的主语，需要填入谓语动词。
E这里后面的句子在语法上已经完整，所以缺的很可能是一个状语短语。
C后面的or提示了这里用either的可能性很大，再看一下either和or后面的两个成分agriculturalraw materials和consumer goods based on them是并列的，便可确认。
D therefore后面跟一in9短语表示结果，这里的therefore相当于thus。第六部分：
文章大意：雪崩是雪掺杂着空气和沿着山体突然迅猛地滑动造成的。雪崩是造成山区人民生命和财产安全的最大危险之一。认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。不要在那些可能引发雪崩的人或事物下面行走。
A表达“雪崩是山上可能发生的最大危险之一”的意思，因此应该选择among(在„„之中)。
B从该句的语法结构上来看，此处需要一个关系代词，代替slope，所以that是最佳选择。选项A、C、D均不符合语法。
B选项A不符合语法，c和D符合语法，但不符合常识：过度的雪积压可能导致雪崩，而不是必定导致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。
C该句的主语是Determining the critical load，从上下文来看应该使用一般现在时，所以C是正确答案。
C要确定本题答案的一个有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合逻辑，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解释了low risk of avalanche的道理，更证实了选risk是正确的。
D第56和第57可以一起考虑。整个句子的意思是：在坡度大的坡上，雪不会大量堆积。在较为平坦的坡面，雪不会轻易滑动。
B(见56)。
B理解该句的意思就不难判断选项：雪在静止状态下，角度在350—450之间，最可能发生人为触发的雪崩。between：在„„之间。
C这个句子说明的是什么样的山坡最易发生雪崩，即，A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此做“平坦”解，与后面的steep形成反义。
A句子中的that is表明，后半部分是对前半部分的进一步说明。所以，这里的选择要根据下文的意思判断。use是最佳选择，整个句子的意思是：山坡坡被滑雪者使用的越多，雪崩就越可能发生。
D尽管选项A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，从全段的内容判断，只有process是最佳选择，因为该段描写的是如何防备雪崩，及如何做好安全措施等一系列问题。
A选项A、B、C都可以与weather搭配，但是根据上下文，只有A最为符合文章的内容。
B选项A不符合句子的意思;C不能和risk搭配;D悖逆符合句子的意思，因为不可能完全消除雪崩的隐患。
C该句主句使用的是被动语态，第二个动词是pay attention t0的被动形式。选项A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。
A该句是作者给出的一系列忠告之一，即认真观察地形，注意明显的雪崩路径：没有植物或植物被毁坏的地方。选项B、C、D均不符合句义。
第五篇：2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(-)
2014年职称英语理工类B级考前押题(一)第一部分 词汇选项
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、The high-speed trains can have a major impact on travel preferences.A.force
B.influence
C.surprise
D.power
2、Can you follow the plot?
A.change
B.investigate
C.write
D.understand
3、Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed.A.physical
B.mental
C.natural
D.hard
4、In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed.A.result
B.judgment
C.decision
D.event
5、Norman B amey,is an artist of deep convictions.A.statements
B.beliefs
C.suggestions
D.claims
6、Up to now, the work has been easy.A.So
B.So long
C.So that
D.So far
7、The report advocated setting up day training colleges.A.supposed
B.excited
C.suggested
D.discussed
8、Accordingly, a number of other methods have been employed.A.Therefore
B.Afterwards
C.However
D.Furthermore
9、The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.A.view
B.sight
C.look
D.point
10、Our lives are intimately bound up with theirs.A.tensely
B.nearly
C.carefully
D.closely
11、The union representative put across her argument very effectively.A.explained
B.invented
C.considered
D.accepted
12、He talks tough but has a tender heart.A.heavy
B.strong
C.kind
D.wild
13、It is no use debating the relative merits of this policy.A.making
B.taking
C.discussing
D.expecting
14、Our statistics show that we consume all that we are capable of producing..A.waste
B.buy
C.use
D.sell
15、The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters.A.function
B.ability
C.power
D.volume 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑;如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Computers
Before the widespread use of computers, managers could not make full use of large amounts of valuable information about a company's activities.The information either reached managers too late or was too expensive to be used.Today, managers are facing a wide range of data processing and information instruments.In place of a few financial controls, managers can draw on computer-based information systems to control activities in every area of their company.On any kinds of performance measures, the information provided by these systems helps managers compare standards with actual results, find out problems, and take corrective action before it is too late to make changes.The introduction of computerized information systems has sharply changed management control in many companies.Even a neighborhood shopkeeper may now use computers to control sales, billing, and other activities.In large companies, electronic data processing systems monitor entire projects and sets of operations.Now, there are about 24 million microcomputers in use in the United States —— one for every 10 citizens.It is estimated that by 1996, 61 percent of American managers will be using some sort of electronic work station.In order for managers to be sure that the computer-based information they are receiving is accurate, they need to understand how computers work.However, in most cases they do not need to learn how to program computers.Rather, managers should understand how computerized information systems work;how they are developed;their limitations and costs;and the manner in which information systems may be used.Such an understanding is not difficult to achieve.One research found that business firms were more successful in teaching basic information about computers to business graduates than they were in teaching business subjects to computer science graduates.Today, conventional financial controls are still exercised in some minor areas such as billing and vocational training.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned It is unnecessary for a neighborhood baker to use a computer in his shop
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned At present about 10% of American citizens possess a microcomputer.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned One thing that managers do not have to understand is how computers work.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned In some cases managers have to learn how to write programs so as to work out computerized information systems that suit their own companies best.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned Computerized firms would rather employ business graduates than computer science graduates because it is easier to train the former into qualified employees.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个正确的小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上.1.Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them.These sounds are called echoes(回声).Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.2.Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor.Sounds or ultrasonic(超声的)sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships.Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects.So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.3.Radar is now a familiar tool.Like many others it was an unexpected discovery.It was first observed by two researchers, who were studying sound communication.They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，D IC.to a vehicle across the river.They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships.They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.4.All this was of course just a start, from which our present radar has developed.The word “radar,” in fact, gets its name from the term “radio detection(检测)and ranging.” “Ranging” is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set.Today, in our scientific age, it would be difficult to manage without radar.5.One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways.When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit, radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.6.A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone.Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar.Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects, but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.Paragraph 2__________.Paragraph 3__________.Paragraph 4__________.Paragraph 5__________.A Study of Sound
B Highway Police
C Working Principles
D Early Use of “Radar”
E Useful Tools
F Discovery by Chance Echo-sounding devices were early used to__________.Ultrasonic device were used to__________.Police use radar on highways to__________.Radar helps pilots to__________.A detect nearby objects
B determine the depth of the ocean water
C decide how fast you drive
D stop passing ships
E map the ocean floor
F observe water flow 第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面都有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
第一篇
Ocean Noise Pollution
Some scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities.It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines.Such noises are added to natural sounds.These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels(分贝)measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears.In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in.oceans.They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales(鲸鱼).A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals.The research team found that powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing.This seriously affected the whales' ability to exchange information and find their way.Some of the whales even died.The explosions had caused their ears to bleed(出血)and become infected(感染).Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels.They say such a limit is a greater danger than they believed.They want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.31 According to the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creatures?
A The sound of a car.B The sound of voices.C Man-made noise pollution.D The sound of steps.32 According to the passage, natural sounds include all of the following EXCEPT__________.A sounds made by animals themselves.B ocean drilling.C underwater earthquakes.D the breaking of ice fields.，33 Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraph?
A The same noise level produces a different effect on land and in the ocean.B Different places may have different types of noises.C The decibel is not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.D Different ocean animals may have different reactions to noises.34 Which of the following is true of whales?
A They won't be confused by noises.B They are deaf to noises.C Their ability to reproduce will be lowered by high-level noises.D Their hearing will be damaged by high-level noises.35 According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the future?
A They will work hard to reduce ocean noise pollution.B They will protect animals from harmful noises.C They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.D They will study the effect of ocean noise pollution.第二篇
Lifetime Employment in Japanese Companies
In most large Japanese companies, there is a policy of lifetime employment.What this means is that when people leave school or university to join an enterprise, they can expect to remain with that organization until they retire.In effect, the employee gets job security for life, and can only be fired for serious mistakes in work.Even in times of business recession, he or she is free from the fear of being laid off.One result of this practice is that the Japanese worker identifies closely with his company and feels strong loyalty to it.By working hard for the company, he believes he is safeguarding his own future.It is not surprising that devotion to one's company is considered a great virtue in Japan.A man is often prepared to put his firm's interests before those of his immediate family.The job security guaranteed by this system influences the way employees approach their work.They tend to think in terms of what they can achieve throughout their career.This is because they are not judged on how they are performing during a short period of time.They can afford to, take a longer perspective than their Western counterparts.This marriage between the employee and the companymay explain why Japanese workers seem positively to love the products their company is producing and why they are willing to stay on after work, for little overtime pay, to participate in earnest discussions about the quality control of their products.36 Lifetime employment in the Japanese company means that the employee__________.A leaves his company only when business is bad.B gets a job soon after he leaves school or university.C can work there throughout his career，D can have his serious mistakes in work corrected.37 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
A Family and company interests are equally important
B The Japanese worker is very loyal to his company.C One's future is guaranteed through hard work.D Devotion to one's company is encouraged……
Lifetime employment influences one's__________.A achievements at work.B performance at work.C career options.D attitude toward work.39 The Japanese worker is fond of his company's products because of__________.A his marriage with the daughter of the president.B the close link between him and his company.C his willingness to work overtime.D his active participation in quality control，40 The passage mainly discusses__________.A how lifetime employment works in Japan.B what benefits lifetime employment has brought to Japanese workers.C what lifetime employment is.D how lifetime employment is viewed.第三篇
Dreams of Flight
The story of man's dream of flight, of his desire to reach the stars, is as old as mankind itself.According to Greek legend, Daedalus was the first man to fly.He and his son had been kept on an island.In order to escape, Daedalus shaped wings of wax(2)into which he stuck bird feathers.During their flight, his son flew too high and the sun melted the wax.He was drowned in the sea.The father was supposed to have continued his flight and reached Sicily, several hundred miles away.There is also an English legend of King Bladud who, during his rule in the ninth century B.C., used wings to fly.But his flight was short-lived and he fell to his death.The dream of flying continued, but in all the legends, the flier rose like a bird only to fall like a stone.It took hundreds of years that men flew up into the air and returned to earth safely.The first man to approach flying on a scientific basis was an Englishman who lived during the thirteenth century.He looked at the air about us as a sea, and he believed that a balloon could float on the air just as a boat did on water.Almost four hundred years later, an Italian priest applied his principle of air flight.He designed a boat, which would be held in the air by four hollow spheres(空心球).ach of the four balls was to be 20 feet in diameter(直径)and made of very thin copper.But his boat was never built since it was not possible to make spheres of such thin metal and such size in those days.After studying the flight of birds and the movement of the air, a great scientist of the fifteenth century concluded that birds flew because they flapped(摆动)their wings and that it was possible for man to do the same.So a kind of flapping-wing flying machine was invented.Many men tried and failed to fly with flying machines.It was not until 1890 that people discovered why this method would never succeed-man could not develop sufficient power with his arms and legs.41 How did Daedalus manage to escape to Sicily, according to the passage?
A He killed the guards and got out of the island.B A god came to rescue him and took him away.C His son came to rescue him and took him away.D He made wings of wax and flew away from the island.42 According to the English legend, King Bladud lost his life because__________.A he flew too far.B he flew too high.C he fell to the ground，D he was hit by a stone.43 The first scientific air flight was designed by__________.A a Greek.B an Englishman.C a Chinese.D an Italian.44 The priest failed to build the boat because__________.A he could not raise enough money.B his design was not scientific.C he could not find enough copper.D copper spheres could not be made as designed
According to the last paragraph, man could not fly with flapping-wing flying machines because__________.A he could not develop adequate power with his arms and legs.B he knew nothing about the movement of the air.C they were made of heavy metal.D they were made of light feathers.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)
阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Building of the Pyramids
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids.__________(46)There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids.The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look much the same as they must have done when they were built thousands of years ago.Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stone to use in modern buildings.__________(47).These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last for ever.__________(48).However, there are no writings or pictures to show us how the Egyptians planned or built the pyramids themselves.__________(49)
Nevertheless, by examining the actual pyramids and various tools Which have been found, archaeologists have formed a fairly clear picture of them.One thing is certain: there must have been months of careful planning before they could begin to build.__________(50)You may think this would have been easy with miles and miles of empty desert around, but a pyramid could not be built just anywhere.Certain rules had to be followed, and certain problems had to be overcome.A The dry climate of Egypt has helped to preserve the pyramids, and their very shape have made them less likely to fall into ruin.B It is practically certain that plans were made for the building of the pyramids because the plans of other large works have fortunately been preserved.C The first thing they had to do was to choose a suitable place.D Consequently, we are only able to guess at the methods used.E Many people were killed while building the pyramids.F They have stood for nearly 5,000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)
阅读下面的短文，文中有15处空白，每处空白给出了4个选项，请根据短文的内容从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
Transportation
For many years in the desert, camels Used to be the only form of transportation(运输).Before the(51)of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe.Traders sometimes(52)to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals.Each animal often carried(53)400 pounds and could travel twenty miles a day.This form of transportation was so important that camels were called the “ships of the(54).”
Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very(55)time.One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000(56).In addition, trains use special cars for their load.Refrigerator cars carry food;boxcars carry heavy goods;stock cars carry animals;and tank cars carry oil.Air travel has changed, too.The earliest planes were biplanes(双翼飞机), with(57)sets of wings.The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour.The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air.The plane(58)sometimes stopped in the middle of a trip.It used to be(59)to fly in bad weather.In snow or in rain, the wings frequently became icy.Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the First World War changed airplanes.Monoplanes(单翼飞机)took the(60)of biplanes.Pilots flew inside of covered cabins.Still, even these planes were small and expensive.Only(61)people were be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people.No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet.Further improvements have(62)the cost of flying, and they have made air travel(63)safer than it used to be.A modern 707 can carry 170 people and can fly at 600 miles per hour.People(64)used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes.(65)these things are a normal part of air travel!
A age B series C year
D period
A ought B added C used
D led
A away B as many as C out
D as much as
A desert B trains C transportation D goods
A quick B short C good
D no
A camels B ships C pounds
D cars
A one B three C two
D four
A wings B engines C pilots D speed
A probable B possible C improbable
D impossible
A seat B pace C place
D vacancy
A technical B rich C those
D professional
A got rid of B raised C avoided
D lowered
A much B so C very
D such
A sometimes B occasionally C neither
D never
A But B So C Now
D However 参考答案:
词汇选项
1-15 BDAAB DCAAD ACCCD
阅读判断
16.A
17.B
18.B
19.A
20.B 21.C
概括大意
23.D
24.F
25.C
26.B
27.E
28.B
29.C
30.A
阅读理解
参考答案：
31.C
32.B
33.A
34.D
35.B
36.C
37.A
38.D
39.B
40.A
41.D
42.C
43.D
44.D
45.A
补全短文
46.F
47.A
48.B
49.D
50.C
完形填空
46.F
47.A
51.A
52.C
56.A
57.C 48.B
49.D 53.B
54.A 58.C
59.D 50.C 55.B 60.C
点击咨询 