2013年职称英语考试理工类近义词（精选5篇）

第一篇：2013年职称英语考试理工类近义词

2013年职称英语考试理工类近义词

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的 difficult – hard – tough 困难的 area – field 领域

area – region 区域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 证书

pleasing – satisfactory 令人满意的 wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的 conference – meeting会议

close – intimate--near亲密的 link – connect 连接

explore – investigate 调查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建议

cater for – meet – satisfy 满足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

unite – combine – join 联合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的 appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate 吸引

instruct – teach 教授(…课程)

private – personal 私人的

vanish – disappear 消失 phase – stage 阶段

pattern – mode 模式，式样

destroy – ruin 毁灭

facilitate(A 级)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生产

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永远

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

write down – put down 写下

try – attempt 努力

annoying – irritating 讨厌的，令人生气的 boring – dull--uninteresting令人厌烦的 seem – appear 看起来

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 满意的 exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 讨厌，不喜欢

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精确的 concise – brief--short 简明的

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的 purchase – buy 购买

deal with – cope with – handle 应付，处理

forbid--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

unbelievable – incredible 难以置信的

diligent – hardworking 勤劳的，刻苦的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的 employ – hire 雇佣

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 濒临于

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝视，注视

entitled – qualified 有资格的 employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓励，激励

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承认

allow – permit 允许

state – declare – announce 宣布，声明

regret – sorry 遗憾的

remove – get off 脱下

start – begin 开始

observe--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的 maintain – hold – think 认为

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致

error – mistake 错误

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解决(问题)involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 级)– plentiful 大量的, 丰富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系动词)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解释

examination – test 测试，考试

examine – check up 检查，核对

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 举起

put up – build – construct 建造

relieve--lessen 减轻，减少

severe –serious--bad 严重的 severe – strict 严厉的

sharp– acute – severe 剧烈的(疼痛)

severe – hardtough艰苦的 quit – give up – abandon放弃

subject – topic 话题

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual显着的 polite – respectful 有礼貌的

politeness – good manners 礼貌

crazy – mad 疯狂的 sensible –wise 明智的

clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聪明的

(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲惫 believable – convincing--credible 可信的 original – initial 最初的

original – creative 创造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

第二篇：2014职称英语考试词汇汇总(理工类)

职称英语词汇复习汇总（第一部分：教材已有词汇）

2014年更新（理工类）Call: phone Space: room At once: immediately Identify: name/recognize Occur: happen Complete: finish Eventually: finally Conversation: talk Attend: go to Make up one’s mind: decide Account: consideration Put up with: tolerate/bear/endure/stand Give up: abandon/drop/quit Seldom: rarely Take out: extract/obtain Spur: encourage Coverage: reportage Dimly: faintly Mildly: gently Inevitable: certain Isolated: solitary Call off: cancel Now and then: occasionally Find fault with: criticize Grasp: take hold of/understand/follow Lately: recently Manual: physical Harness: utilize Resident: occupant Steadily: continuously Remedy: cure/improve Draft: formulate Practically: almost/virtually Occasionally: sometimes Try: test Readily: willingly Shine: polish Decent: honest/good Deadly: fatal Insist on: demand Damaging: harmful Speed: velocity

Physician: doctor

Particularly: especially Safe: secure Branch: division Abnormal: unusual Abundant: plentiful

Accelerate: step up/increase Accumulate: collect/build up

Allocate:

assign/distribute/give Childish: immature Barren: bare

Appalling: dreadful/terrible Horrify: terrify Anyhow: anyway Achieve: attain Capability: ability

In conjunction: together Credible: convincing Diligent: hardworking Diverse: varied Faulty: wrong Gorgeous:

magnificent/lovely Persist: continue Regulate: control Scatter: separate

Standpoint: point of view Touching: moving Immense:

enormous/great/large Overtake: pass Advisable: wise Puzzle: mystery: Exhibit: show/display Eternal: everlasting Depict: describe Operative: working Wreck: damage Embody: include

Obscure: prevent/restrain Sensational: exciting Stroll: walk

Annoying: irritating

Deliberately: intentionally Vague: imprecise/unclear Summit: top of the mountain Census: count Duplicate: copy Ban: forbid/prohibit Lawful: legal Mock: laugh at Motive: reason

Notably: particularly Omit: fail

Orthodox: conventional Outrageous: unacceptable Scared: frightened/afraid Hail: acclaim/praise organizer: planner postulate: assume Extinction: die out Abrupt: sudden Mighty: very strong Authentically: genuinely Eligible: entitled/qualified Assert: state firmly/maintain Permit: allow Propose: suggest Regret: sorry

Rely on: depend(ent)on Remove: take off Improve: better Break: beat

Provoke: elicit(招致)/cause Gangster: violent criminal Framework: skeleton/system Hazard: danger/risk/distress Hazardous: dangerous Lure: attraction/temptation Densely: compactly Fascinate: intrigue Fascinating:

wonderful/interesting/attractive

Probe: explore/investigate Settle: solve Tremble: shake Shock: surprise Abide by: stick to/adhere to/follow Widen: broaden Shabby: unfair Uneasy: anxious Demolish: pull down/disprove Adverse: unfavorable Concise: short and clear Courteous: respectful Invaluable: extremely useful Insane: crazy/mad Exhaustive: extremely thorough Vigorous: healthy/energetic Ingenious: clever Without bias: fairly Terminate: put an end to

（第二部分：已考过的词汇）

Ridiculous: foolish/absurd/stupid Obvious: evident/clear Reply: answer Confess: admit Deal with: cope with Purchase: buy Convert:change/vary/ fluctuate/modify/shift/turn Conduct: behavior Start: begin Talk over: discuss Cheerful: pleasant But: only Let: rent Cultivate: develop(cultivating: developing)Merge: combine Graceful: pleasing Prior to: before Weary: tired/exhausted Contaminate: pollute Gauge: assess/measure

Deduce: derive/stem Massive: extensive Cater for: meet Certain: sure/bound Set up: establish Firm: company Survive: live/exist Highly: very Severe: hard Merely: just While: although Annually: every year Particulars: details Limited: small Blend: mix

Durable: long-lasting Expire: die/perish Gaze: stare

sensible: reasonable sustain: maintain upgrade: improve sick: ill

look for: try to find put up: raise lots of: many a lot: much/greatly/considerably pleased: happy/glad/cheerful mend: repair

eternal: everlasting eternally: constantly collaborate: cooperate consolidate: strengthen alleviate: relieve defect: fault

insufficient: inadequate in the end: ultimately complicated: complex appraisal: evaluation close: near alike: similar intelligent: clever goal: aim dismiss: fire

excite: arouse/awaken preserve: keep last: past

specialty: field intimate: friendly miraculous: amazing defer: postpone

elevate: promote/foster award: give dull: boring gap: gulf

grateful: thankful graceful: polite presently: shortly subject: topic

typical: characteristic liable: likely heap: pile sketch: outline utterly: totally urge: advise bump: run celebrity: star

discriminate: distinguish dwell: live

harmonious: balanced persevere: persist dramatic: striking/ sensational root: cause

affect: influence/impact brief: short consume: eat diverse: varied

prolonging: extending unwilling: reluctant slender: slim witty: smart

at stake: in danger guy: man

ample: enough marvel: miracle perpetual: endless

specifications: instructions concrete: specific end: stop

booming: successful rough: difficult promotion: advancement marked: clear miss: avoid capture: catch restrict: limit compile: write profound: deep funny: humorous resentment: anger turmoil: confusion rush hour: peak

as regards: about bust: break wary: cautious expire: end endorse: approve intact: undamaged magnitude: importance skeptical: doubtful cardinal: fundamental contend: compete

thorough: careful tag: label disappointing: chant: repeat

unsatisfactory update: modernize remark: say profile: description spectacular: magnificent asylum: protection obscure: unclear run into: hit approach: handle alleviate: ease contempt: hate evoke: refresh

layout: arrangement discriminate: distinguish

crisp: fresh steep: high

第三篇：职称英语理工类AB级近义词组整理

decide – determine – make up one’s mind决定, 下决心

result – consequence – effect--outcome 结果

effect – realize 实现

realize--know – be aware of – be conscious of 意识到

think – guess – believe 认为

remember – memorize 记住

reason – cause--motive(B级)原因

cause – bring about 造成 obtain – get – gain 得到

certain – some 某一个的

certain – sure – positive – doubtless 确定的 employ--hire 雇佣

employ – use – utilize(A 级)--harness(A 级)使用, 利用

scare – frighten 使害怕

quickly – fast 很快地

at stake--in danger – in distress(B 级)处于危险之中

dangerous – hazardous(A 级)危险的 danger – hazard(B 级)危险

out of question – doubtless 毫无疑问的

out of the question – impossible – unlikely 不可能的

call for – ask – require – request--demand – insist on要求

call off – cancel 取消

call sb.up – telephone sb.给某人打电话

get up – arise 起床

raise – increase 增加

arrive at – reach – get to 到达

leave – depart(B级)离开

immediately – right away – at once 立刻

look for – seek for 寻找

look after – take care of – care for 照顾

look forward to – expect 盼望, 期待

look up to – respect 尊敬

lose – miss 丢失

offer – give 给与

discuss – debate – talk over 讨论

discussion – debate讨论

sympathize – feel sorry 感到同情

reject – refuse – decline – turn down 拒绝

though – although 尽管

beautiful – pretty – attractive – lovely--handsome 美丽的 famous – noted –distinguished – celebrated 著名的 dim – faint 模糊的

complete – finish – accomplish--fulfill 完成 dark – black 黑色的 darken – blacken 使变黑

adequate – enough –ample(A 级)–sufficient 充足的 mild – gentle 温柔的，温和的 strange – odd – abnormal(B级)奇怪的

surprised – astonished – shocked 感到吃惊的 surprising – astonishing – shocking 令人吃惊的 proper – appropriate 适当的 suitable – fit 适合的 fit – healthy 健康的

finally – at last – in the end – eventually – ultimately(A 级)最终的

put off – postpone – delay – defer(A级)推迟

end – finish – stop –cease--come to an end—terminated(A 级)停止

participate in – take part in – join in – be involved in 参加

now and then--occasionally 偶尔

constantly – continuously – endlessly 不断地

criticize--blame 批评

grasp – catch hold of 抓住

follow – understand – comprehend(A 级)理解

take …into consideration – take …into account 把…考虑在内

recently – lately 最近

tolerate – bear – stand – put up with – endure 忍受

abandon – give up 放弃

rescue – save 拯救

convert – change 转变，兑换

change – alter – vary – modify(B级)改变，变化

increase – add to – enhance 增加

remedy(B级)– cure – treat 治疗

practically – almost 几乎

accidentally – by chance – by accident 偶然

sometimes – from time to time – at times 有时

ready – prepared 有准备的

get ready for – get prepared for 为…做好准备

ready – willing 乐意的

rarely – hardly – seldom 很少，几乎不

usually – normally 通常地

normal – common – usual – average 通常的 suddenly – abruptly(A级)突然地

protect – preserve 保护

slight – a little 轻微的

harmful – damaging--bad 有害的 harm – damage 损害

hurt – injure 伤害

shine – polish 擦亮

deadly – killing – fatal 致命的 affect – influence – impact 影响

impartial(B级)– fair – just 公正的 extract – take out 拔出

repair – fix 修理

physician – doctor 医生

depend on – rely on – be dependent on 依靠

particularly – especially 尤其，特别

obvious – evident – clear – distinct 明显的 safe – secure 安全的

ensure – make sure – make certain 确保

pretty – very – rather – fairly 相当地

distant – remote 遥远的

important – essential – crucial 重要的 branch – division 部门

company – firm – concern – corporation – enterprise 公司

behavior – conduct 行为

steady – stable 稳定的

spare time – free time 空闲时间

accelerate(B级)– speed up – step up – pick up 加速

decrease(B级)– reduce – cut down on 减少

deficient(A级)– short 缺乏的

delighted – joyful – happy—glad--pleased 高兴的 accumulate – gather – collect 积聚，积累

speed – rate 速度

allocate(A级)– assign – distribute 分配

assignment – task 任务

order – direct 命令

childish(A级)– immature 不成熟的 foolish – stupid--dull 愚蠢的 empty – vacant – bare 空的

regardless of – despite – in spite of不管，不顾

unique – particular 独特的 as a result – in consequence 结果

on purpose – intentionally 故意地

pressing – urgent 紧迫的 problem – issue 问题

view – opinion – viewpoint – standpoint – point of view – notion – idea 观点, 见解

notion – concept – idea 概念

characteristic – feature 特征

be characteristic of – be typical of 是….所特有的 difficult – hard – tough 困难的 area – field 领域

area – region 区域

final –last 最后的

diploma – certificate 证书

pleasing – satisfactory 令人满意的 wish – hope 希望

massive – extensive – a mass of--plentiful大量的 conference – meeting会议

close – intimate--near亲密的 link – connect 连接

explore – investigate 调查

propose – suggest – advise--recommend 建议

cater for – meet – satisfy 满足

provide – supply – furnish 提供

collaborate(A级)– cooperate 合作

merge(B级)– unite – combine – join 联合，合并

come across – run into – meet 遇到

compel(A级)– force 迫使

appealing – attractive--fascinating 吸引人的

appeal to--tempt – attract – fascinate(A 级)吸引

temptation(B级)– attraction 诱惑

instruct – teach 教授(…课程)

confidential(A 级)– secret 秘密的 private – personal 私人的 vanish – disappear 消失

phase – stage 阶段

pattern – mode 模式，式样

destroy – ruin 毁灭

facilitate(A 级)– help – assist 有助于

manufacture – make – produce – turn out 制造，生产

prior to – before 在…之前

for good – forever 永远

be anxious to do …----be eager to do…---be keen to ….渴望…

consolidate(A 级)– strengthen 加强，巩固

contaminate(A 级)–– pollute – stain(A 级)污染

depict(A 级)– describe 描写

write down – put down 写下

endeavor(B 级)– try – attempt 努力

annoy – irritate(A 级)使生气

annoying – irritating 讨厌的，令人生气的 tease(A 级)– make fun of取笑

laugh at – mock(B 级)嘲笑

boring – dull--uninteresting令人厌烦的 seem – appear 看起来

contented – satisfactory – satisfied 满意的 exhibit – show 展示

show – indicate 表明

hate – dislike – be tired of – be sick of 讨厌，不喜欢

terrible--awful 可怕的

precise – accurate – exact 精确的 concise – brief--short 简明的 deceive(A 级)– cheat 欺骗

elementary – basic – primary – fundamental 基本的 purchase – buy 购买

deal with – cope with – handle 应付，处理

forbid – prohibit(A 级)--ban 禁止

lawful – legal 合法的

orthodox(A 级)--conventional 传统的 unbelievable – incredible 难以置信的

industrious(B 级)– hardworking 勤劳的，刻苦的

indispensable(A 级)– necessary必须的

principal –chief--leading---main 主要的，首要的 employ – hire 雇佣

fire – dismiss – send away解雇

postulate(A 级)– assume – suppose 假定

on the verge of---close to 接近于, 濒临于

extinction(A 级)– die out 灭绝

gaze at – look at – stare at 凝视，注视

eligible(A 级)– entitled – qualified 有资格的 employment – work – job 工作

encourage – inspire – push 鼓励，激励

no longer – no more 不再

admit – acknowledge 承认

allow – permit 允许

state – declare – announce 宣布，声明

regret – sorry 遗憾的 remove – get off 脱下

start – begin 开始

complicated(A 级)– complex 复杂的

comply with(A 级)– observe – abide by(A 级)--stick to 遵守

previous – former 以前的 maintain – hold – think 认为

cause – bring about – lead to – result in 导致

error – mistake 错误

component – ingredient – element 成分

solve – settle 解决(问题)

probe(A 级)– explore 探查

involve – include 包括

numerous – a number of – a lot of – abundant(B 级)– plentiful 大量的, 丰富的

stay –remain 保持(用作半系动词)

rest – break 休息

account for – explain 解释

examination – test 测试，考试

examine – check up 检查，核对

gain – put on 增加

put up – lift – raise 举起

put up – build – construct 建造

foster – cultivate – cultivate(B级)培养

alleviate(A级)– relieve--lessen 减轻，减少

severe –serious--bad 严重的 severe – strict 严厉的

sharp– acute – severe 剧烈的(疼痛)

severe – hard-tough艰苦的 quit – give up – abandon放弃

subject – topic 话题

remarkable – exceptional – extraordinary – great – marvelous – striking – special – unusual显著的

uneasy(A 级)– worried 焦虑的 demolish(A 级)– pull down 拆毁

adverse(A 级)– unfavorable 不利的，相反的 courteous(A 级)– polite – respectful 有礼貌的 courtesy(A 级)– politeness – good manners 礼貌

insane(A 级)– crazy – mad 疯狂的 sensible –wise – advisable(B 级)明智的 clever – intelligent – wise – bright 聪明的(be)exhausted –(be)tired –(be)worn out 疲惫

believable – convincing--credible(B 级)可信的 original – initial 最初的 original – creative 创造性的

competent – capable – able 有能力的

vigorous(A级)– energetic – dynamic(B级)精力充沛的，有活力的

第四篇：2012年职称英语考试理工类A押题(考前内部资料)

2012职称英语理工A押题模拟试题

教材原题（1篇阅读理解和完形填空）

2012年职称英语教材的完形填空和阅读理解与2011年比有没有新增的课文(理工)阅读理解（6篇）

第六篇

Making Light of1 Sleep 第十九篇

Graphene's Superstrength1 *第三＋八篇

“Life Form Found” on Saturn's Titan *第四十篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四＋五篇

Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” 完形填空（6篇）

第三篇

Germs on Banknotes

第十篇

Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights Loneliness *第十一篇

Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities *第十二篇

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk +第十三篇

Solar Power without Solar Cells +第十五篇

“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage 注：

+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；

职称英语押题 押题模拟试题 2012 职称英语押题模拟试题第一部分：词汇选项(第 1～15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面共有 15 个句子，每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子 后面所给的 4 个选项中选择 1 个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂 在答题卡相应的位置。

1.I could recognize the old car at a glance.A square B feature C flame D glimpse 2.Contact your doctor if the cough persists． A insists B C D perseveres continues resists 3.It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.A B C D omit explain invent shorten 4.They scattered after dinner． A separated B C D 5.A B C D fled departed spread The mail was delayed for two days because of the snow-storm.held in held up held down held off 6.The story was touching． A inspiring B C D 7.boring moving frightening Many teachers don't like to use up-to-date textbooks in their classes.A odd B modern C D 8.B C D old interesting The telephone system is no longer operative.moving rotating working A running 9.Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shaken B C D fallen damaged trembled 10 Jim has gained so much weight that a lot of his clothes don't fit him any more.A put off B put down C D put onwww.xiexiebang.commission to regulate competition in the Community are increasing． A fight B C D abolish remove control 14.I hope you have left none of your belongings in the hotel.A B documents possessions C D children clothes 15.This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a small town in the South.A describes B C D draws writes introduces 参考答案：1 A 2 C 3 D 4 A 5 C 6 C 7 A 8 D 9 C 10 B 11 B 12 B 13 D 14 C 15 A 第二部分：阅读判断(第 16～22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。如果该 句提供的是正确信息，请在答题卡上把 A 涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡 上把 B 涂黑；如果该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把 C 涂黑。Norwich Norwich, the capital of the part of Britain known as East Anglia, has been in existence for more than two thousand years.It began as a small village beside the River Wensum.At the time of the Norman invasion in 1066 it had grown to become one of the largest towns in England.With two cathedrals and a mosque(清真寺), Norwich has long been a popular centre for various religions.The first cathedral was built in 1095 and has recently celebrated its 900th anniversary, while Norwich itself had a year of celebration in 1994 to mark the 800th anniversary of the city receiving a Royal Charter.This allowed it to be called a city and to govern itself independently.Today, in comparison with places like London or Manchester, Norwich is quite small, with a population of around 150,000, but in the 16th century Norwich was the second largest city of England.It continued to grow for the next 300 years and got richer and richer, becoming famous for having as many churches as there are weeks in the year and as many pubs as their are days in the year.Nowadays, there are far fewer churches and pubs, but in 1964 the University of East Anglia was built in Norwich.With its fast-growing student population and its success as a modern commercial centre(Norwich is the biggest centre for insurance services outside London),the city now has a side choice of entertainment: theatres, cinemas, nightclubs, busy cafes, excellent restaurants, and a number of arts and leisure centres.There is also a football team, whose colours are green and yellow.The team is known as “The Canaries(金丝雀)”,though nobody can be sure why.Now the city's attractions include another important development, a modern shopping centre called “The Castle Mall”.The people of Norwich lived with a very large hold in the middle of their city for over two years, as builders dug up the main car park.Lorries moved nearly a million tons of earth so that the roof of the mall could become a city centre park, with attractive water pools and hundreds of trees, but the local people are really pleased that the old open market remains, right in the heart of the city and next to the new development.Both areas continue to do good business, proving that Norwich has managed to mix the best of the old and the new.16 The River Wensum flows by Norwich.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 17 People have lived by the River Wensum for at least 2,000 years.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 18 Norwich has been a city since its first cathedral was built.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 19 Norwich has always been one of the smallest English cities.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 20 The number of foreign students in Norwich has been increasing since 1964.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 21 The football team is called “The Canaries” because of the colours the players wear.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 22 It took more than two years to build “The Castle Mall”.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned 参考答案： 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 A 20 C 21 B 22 C 第三部分：概括大意与完成句子(第 23～30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有项测试任：(1)第 23～26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2～ 5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；(2)第 27～30 题要求从所给的个选项中选择 4 个正确选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。Health Education 1 Health education is the part of health care that is concerned with promoting healthy behavior.A person's behavior may be the main cause of a health problem, but it can also be the main solution.This is true for the teenager who smokes, the mother with the poorly nourished（营养）child, and the butcher（屠夫，卖肉的人）who gets a cut on his finger.By changing their behavior these individuals can solve and prevent many of their own problems.2 Health education does not replace other health services, but it is needed to promote the proper use of these services.One example of this is immunization（免疫）: scientists have made many vaccines（疫苗）to prevent diseases, but this achievement is of no value unless people go to receive the immunization.3 Health education encourages behavior that promotes health, prevents illness, cures disease, and contributes to recovery.The needs and interests of individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities are at the heart of health education programs.Thus there are many opportunities for practicing health education.4 Health education is not the same thing as health information.Correct information is certainly a basic part of health education, but health education must also address the other factors that affect health behavior such as availability（可获性）of resources, effectiveness of community leadership, social support from family members, and levels of self-help skills.Health education therefore uses a variety of methods to help people understand their own situations and choose actions that will improve their health.Health education is incomplete unless it encourages involvement and choice by the people themselves.5 Also, in health education we do not blame people if they do not behave in a healthy way.Often unhealthy behavior is not the fault of the individual.In health education we must work with families, communities, and even regional and national authorities to make sure that resources and support are available to enable each individual to lead a healthy life.23 Paragraph 2_________.24Paragraph 3_________.25 Paragraph 4_________.26 Paragraph 5_________.A Addressing a Variety of Behavior-affecting Factors B Importance of Immunization C Relationship with Other Health Services D Creation of Necessary Conditions for Healthy Behavior E Encouraging Unhealthy Behavior F Encouragement of Behavior Good for Your Health 27 Promoting healthy behavior is the goal of _________.28 Immunization helps to _________.29 Health education cannot take the place of_________.30 Individuals should be provided with necessary conditions for _________.A many vaccines B prevent diseases C health education D healthy behavior E change unhealthy behavior F other health services 参考答案 23.C 24.F 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.F 30.D 第四部分：阅读理解(第 31～45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文，每篇短文后有 5 道题，每题后面有 4 个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文 回答其后面的问题，从 4 个选项中选择 1 个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。第一篇 Small But Wise On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space.The telescope is called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan.Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets and stars are born.“I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen before,”said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.Since arriving in space,the WISE telescope has been circling the Earth,held by gravity in a polar orbit4(this means it crosses close to the north and south poles with each lap5).Its camera is pointed outward,away from the Earth,and WISE will snap a picture of a different part of the sky every 11 minutes.After six months it will have taken pictures across the entire sky.The pictures taken by WISE won't be like everyday digital photographs,however.WISE stands for“Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer.”As its name suggests,the WISE camera takes pictures of features that give off infrared radiation6.Radiation is energy that travels as a wave.Visible light, including the familiar spectrum of light7 that becomes visible in a rainbow,is an example of radiation.When an ordinary digital camera takes a picture of a tree,for example,it receives the waves of visible light that are reflected off the tree.When these waves enter the camera through the lens,they're processed by the camera,which then puts the image together.Waves of infrared radiation are longer than waves of visible light, so ordinary digital cameras don't see them,and neither do the eyes of human beings.Although invisible to the eye,longer infrared radiation can be detected as warmth by the skin.That's a key idea to why WISE will be able to see things other telescopes can't.Not everything in the universe shows up in visible light.Asteroids,for example,are giant rocks that float through space 一 but they absorb most of the light that reaches them.They don't reflect light,so they're difficult to see.But they do give off infrared radiation, so an infrared telescope like WISE will be able to produce images of them.During its mission WISE will take pictures of hundreds of thousands of asteroids.Brown dwarfs8 are another kind of deep-space object that will show up in WISE's pictures.These objects are“failed” stars 一 which means they are not massive enough to jump start9 the same kind of reactions that power stars such as the sun.Instead,brown dwarfs simply shrink and cool down.They're so dim that they're almost impossible to see with visible light, but in the infrared spectrum they glow.31.What is so special about WISE? A It is small in size but carries a large camera.B It is as small as a trashcan.C Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.D Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.32.Which is NOT the synonym for the word “snap” in the third paragraph? A make.B shoot.C take D photograph.33.The camera on WISE A is no different from an ordinary camera.B does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does.C catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.D reflects light that human eyes can see.34.Which of the following is NOT correct about“asteroids” according to paragraph 7? A Asteroids float through space giving off visible light.B Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.C It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, D The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids 35.What is implied in the last paragraph? A Brown dwarfs give off visible light.B Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.C Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.D Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope.参考答案： 31 C 32 A 33 C 34 A 35 B 第二篇 Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers” Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local environment as a result of their activity as “ecosystem engineers” and predators.The study, published in the Journal of Animal Ecology, found that ants have two distinct effects on their local environment.Firstly, through moving of soil by nest building2 activity and by collecting food they affect the level of nutrients in the soil.This can indirectly impact the local populations of many animal groups, from decomposers to species much higher up the food chain.Secondly, they prey on a wide range of other animals, including larger prey which can be attacked by vast numbers of ant workers.Dirk Sanders, an author of the study from the university's Centre for Ecology and Conservation, said:“Ants are very effective predators which thrive in huge numbers.They're also very territorial3 and very aggressive, defending their resources and territory against other predators.All of this means they have a strong influence on their surrounding area.” “In this research, we studied for the first time how big this impact is and the subtleties of it.What we found is that despite being predators, their presence can also lead to an increase in density and diversity of other animal groups4.They genuinely play a key role in the local environment, having a big influence on the grassland food web,” Sanders said.The study, carried out in Germany, studied the impact of the presence of different combinations and densities of black garden ants and common red ants, both species which can be found across Europe, including in the UK.It found that a low density of ants in an area increased the diversity and density of other animals in the local area, particularly the density of herbivores and decomposers.At higher densities ants had no or the opposite effect, showing that predation is counteracting the positive influence.Dr Frank van Veen, another author on the study, said:“What we find is that the impact of ants on soil nutrient levels has a positive effect on animal groups at low levels, but as the number of ants increases, their predatory impacts have the bigger effect — thereby counteracting the positive influence via ecosystem engineering.” Ants are important components of ecosystems not only because they constitute a great part of the animal biomass5 but also because they act as ecosystem engineers.Ant biodiversity6 is incredibly high and these organisms are highly responsive to human impact, which obviously reduces its richness.However, it is not clear how such disturbance damages the maintenance of ant services to the ecosystem． Ants are important in below ground processes8 through the alteration of the physical and chemical environment and through their effects on plants, microorganisms, and other soil organisms.36.Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers? A Because they build their own nests.B Because they collect food.C Because their activity affects the environment.D Because they are predators.37.As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.B collect nutritious food from the soil C collect food as decomposers.D prey on species much higher up the food chain.38.Dir Sanders' study centered on how ants A can manage to thrive in huge numbers.B defend their resources and territory against other predators.C attack those invading animals for survival.D produce such a big impact on the environment.39.What does paragraph 6 tell us? A Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.C Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.D At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.40.What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph? A What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? B How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? C How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem? D How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment? 参考答案：36 C 37 A 38 D 39 B 40 C 第三篇 U.S.Marks 175 Locomotive Years Built by the Mason machine Worlds in 1856, the 27,900-kilogram William Mason was an example of the archetypal 19th Century American locomotive, the oldest in operation in the United States.The locomotive was transferred last month from its open bay in B＆O's historic roundhouse to ready it for this summer's Fair of the Iron Horse, a celebration of 175 years of American railroading, in the city of Baltimore, Maryland.Tests will show whether the old gauges and boiler pressure points are up to federal standards to operate during the six-day festival.“This is sort of the world's fair of railroading,” said Courtney Wilson, executive director of the B＆O Railroad Museum.The festival will run from June 28 to July 3 and display what organizers say is the most impressive collection of locomotives in the Western Hemisphere.At the museum, an area will be set aside for model trains to keep toddlers interested.Children will learn about safety rules around train tracks.Adults will be able to track the development of railroad technology－from horse power to steam and diesel power to magnetic levitation, which can push trains at speeds upward of 390 kph.“We have locomotives coming from all over the country, and we believe even the Rocket is coming from England--the very first locomotive in the world－to participate in this fair,” Wilson said.The Rocket, the first successful steam locomotive in the world, won a competition in 1829 as the fastest locomotive—an event that helped spark worldwide railway interest.“it was probably the fastest machine on Earth in its time,” Wilson said.Rail companies in France, Canada, Germany and Spain have been invited to participate in this year's event.“This will probably be the last time in this century that these many locomotives will be assembled in one spot, and it'll be a once-in-a lifetime experience,” Wilson said.The B＆O Railroad was the host of a similar event in 1927 in nearby Hale Thorpe that attracted more than 1.25 million visitors over three weeks.The railroad held the event for its 100th anniversary.Museum officials hope the event gives people a better appreciation of trains.The museum's 22-sided roundhouse will be a focal point in the months leading up to the festival.Completed in 1884, the building rises 40.5 meters into a huge cupola and covers nearly a half hectare of ground.The roundhouse has been in continuous use since its construction.Inside is the most significant collection of railroad artifacts in the nation, including a replica built in 1926 of the Tom Thumb—the first American built locomotive(constructed in 1830)—and the St.Elizabeth—one of the last steam engines built in the United States(1950).The museum, which sits on about 16 hectares in west Baltimore, holds locomotives, freight and passenger cars and other rolling stock－including cars from the nation's first trains, which were pulled by horses.41 William Mason was the oldest locomotive in operation ________.A in the world B in America C in England D in the region of Baltimore 42 The oldest locomotive will be put to tests again to make sure ________.A its commercial operation is safe B it competes with the Rocket in good shape C its technical information to be presented to the Fair is accurate D it is up to the federal standards before operation 43 Which of the following statements is NOT a correct description of the Rocket? A It was the first successful steam locomotive in the world.B It is believed to be the fastest locomotive in its time.C It will be put on display in festival.D It sped up the development of railroading in America.44 How large is the museum's roundhouse? A One-tenth of the museum.B 16 hectares.C One-thirty-second of the museum.D Not mentioned.45 Which of the following best describes the collection of the artifacts in the museum? A Its collection is important and representative.B The collection is not rich enough.C The replica of the Tom Thumb is disappointing.D The St.Elizabeth, one of the last steam engines is not among the artifacts.参考答案：41 B 42 D 43 D 44 C 45 A 第五部分：补全短文(第 46～50 题，每题 2 分，共 10 分)阅读下面的短文，文章中有 5 处空白，文章后面有 6 组文字，请根据文章的内容选择 5 组文 字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。How to Jump Queue Fury If you find yourself waiting in a long queue at an airport or bus terminus this holiday, will you try to analyze what it is about queuing that makes you angry? Or will you just get angry with the nearest official? Professor Richard Larson, an electrical engineer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, hates queuing but rather than tear his hair out, he decided to study the subject.46.He cites an experiment at Houston airport where passengers had to walk for one minute from the plane to the baggage reclaim and then wait a further seven minutes to collect their luggage.Complaints were frequent, especially from those who had spent seven minutes watching passengers with just hand baggage get out immediately.The airport authorities decided to lengthen the walk from the aircraft, so that instead of a one-minute fast walk, the passengers spent six minutes walking 47 The extra walk extended the delay by five minutes for those carrying only hand baggage, but passenger complaints dropped almost to zero.The reason? Larson suggests that it all has to do with what he calls “social justice”.If people see others taking a short cut, they will find the wait unbearable.48 Another aspect Larson studied was the observation that people get more fed up if they are not told what is going on.49 But even knowing how long we have to wait isn't the whole answer.We must also believe that everything is being done to minimize our delay.Larson cites the example of two neighboring American banks.One was highly computerized and served a customer, on average, every 30 seconds.50.But because the tellers at the second bank looked extremely busy, customers believed the service was faster and many transferred their accounts to the slower bank.Ultimately, the latter had to introduce time-wasting ways of appearing more dynamic.A So in the case of the airport, it was preferable to delay everyone.B The other bank was less automated and took twice as long.C When they finally arrived at the baggage reclaim, the delay was then only two minutes.D His first finding, which backs up earlier work at the US National Science Foundation, was that the degree of annoyance was not directly related to the time.E It's unbearable for the airport to delay everyone.F Passengers told that there will be a half-hour delay are less unhappy than those left waiting even twenty minutes without an explanation.第六部分：完型填空(第 51～65 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)阅读下面的短文，文中有 15 处空白，每处空白给出了 4 个选项，请根据短文的内容从 4 个 选项中选择 1 个最佳答案，涂在答题卡相应的位置上。“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage The massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil “liquefaction” that has surprised researchers with its 51severity, a new analysis shows.“We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 52 of damage in Japan were unusually severe,” said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University.“Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments,” Ashford said.“The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 53.We saw some places that sank as much as four feet.” Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake.It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 54 and flow during an earthquake.This can allow structures to shift or sink or 55.But most earthquakes are much 56 than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said.The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8.“With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 57 structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes,” he said.“And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 58 filled ground, are much more vulnerable.” The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 59 and better prepare for it in the future.Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 60 damage was removed in the recovery efforts9.“There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 61 ,” Ashford said.“Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns.” Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground.The “young” sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 62 within the past 10,000 years or more.In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 63 a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake.Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 64 collapse.Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 65 helped prevent many buildings from collapse---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.下载本文档需要登录，并付出相应积分。如何获取积分?

2011年职称英语理工类A级考试试题

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others(A级)(无换题现象)

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences1 food scientist.The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food2 have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others3, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator? on the study.Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke.That is why public health experts and food companies are Working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat.This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks5.Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years.The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes.They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.“Most of us like the taste of salt.However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food,” said Hayes.“Supertasters, people who experience tastes more mtensely, consume more salt than nontasters do.Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted.“For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented, milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt,” he said.“A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced6.Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals.As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.”Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weary bitter,“ he said.”Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting7 is not limited to bitterness.(476)

1.In paragraph 2, John Hayes points out that在第二段中，约翰.海斯指出了___________________。

A.it is good to health to eat food without salt.吃无盐食物对身体有好处。

B.many people reject low-salt food completely..有些人完全反对含盐量低的食物。

C.many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly有很多人不情愿的去接受低盐度的食物。(正确答案)D.food with reduced salt tastes better..含盐量低的食物更好吃。

2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly 第四段简要的介绍了_________________。

A.how to select subjects and what to do in the research.怎样选择被测试者以及研究中做了什么。(正确答案).B.how to identify supertasters and nontasters.怎样定义超重口味的人和没口味的人。

C.why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.为什么把人的数量限制在87个。

D.why to select more male subjects than female ones.为什么挑选更多的男性。

3.The article argues that supertasters文章指出口味超重的人________________。

A.like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.喜欢用咸味阻挡食物里的甜味。

B.like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.快餐食品是他们最主要的食品。(正确答案)

C.consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.吃更少的盐，因为它们不喜欢重口味。

D.like to share salty cheese with nontasters.喜欢和没口味的人分享咸奶酪。

4.Which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste? 对于口味超重的人，下列哪项比较适用于苦味?

A.They like bitterness in foods as well as saltiness.他们喜欢食物中的苦和咸。

B.They like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.他们喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它有强烈的苦味。

C.They prefer high-salt cheese, which tastes less bitter..他们更喜欢高盐度的而不是很苦的奶酪。(正确答案)

D.They prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.他们更喜欢很咸的奶酪，因为它对身体更健康。

5.What message do the last two paragraphs carry'? 文章的最后两段所带有的信息是____。

A.Taste acuity is genetically determined.一般情况下，味觉的敏感度由基因决定。(正确答案)

B.Taste acuity is developed over time after birth.自从出生后，味觉的敏感度一直在提高。

C.Taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.味觉的敏感度和一个人的眼睛和头发的颜色有关。

D.Taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.味觉的敏感度在科学上仍然是一个谜。

Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores(A级)

Young adults who are fit have a higher IQ and are more likely to go on to university, reveals a major new study __1__ at the Sahlgrenska Academy and Sahlgrenska University Hospital.The results were recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences(PNAS).The study involved 1.2 million Swedish men doing military service who were born between 1950 and 1976.The research group analyses the results of both physical and IQ tests the youngsters _2___ right after they started serving the army.The study shows a clear link between good physical __3__ and better results for the IQ test.The strongest links are for _4__ thinking and verbal comprehension.But it is only fitness that _5___ a role in the results for the IQ test, and not strength.“Being fit means that you also have good heart and lung _6__ and that your brain gets plenty of _7__,” says Michael Nilsson, professor at the Sahlgrenska Academy and chief physician at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital.“This may be one of the reasons _8__ we can see a clear link with fitness, but not with muscular _9__.We are also seeing that there are growth factors that are important.”

By analyzing data for twins, the researchers have been able to _10___ that it is primarily environmental factors and not genes that explain the link between fitness and a _11__ IQ.“We have also shown that those youngsters who _12__ their physical fitness between the ages of 15 and 18 increase their cognitive performance,” says Maria Aberg, researcher at the Sahlgrenska Academy and physician at Aby health centre.“This being the case, physical education is a subject that has an important place in schools, and is an absolute must if we want to _13___ maths and other theoretical subjects.”

The researchers have also compared the results from fitness tests _14__ national service with the socio-economic status of the men later in life.Those who were fit at 18 were more _15___ to go into higher education, and many secured more qualified jobs.1.A carried B was carried C carried out D carrying out

2.A made B make C taking D took

3.A fit B fitness C health D excises

4.A logical B critical C typical D positive

5.A holds B makes C plays D play

6.A capacity B disease C shape D treatment

7.A change B hydrogen C oxygen D memory

8.A what B why C how D where

9.A exercise B training C strength D movement

10.A determine B tell C determining D improve

11.A moderate B average C lower D higher

12.A ignore B improve C like D determine

13.A be good in B study well C do good in D do well in 14.A before B after C without D during

15.A carefully B likely C secretly D happily

第五篇：江苏省职称英语考试理工类-回答问题

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