2010+2011年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案

第一篇：2010+2011年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案

2010年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试试卷

理工类B级

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．

A．anger

B．doubt

C．love D．surprise

2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．

A．written

B．printed

C．attached D．sent

3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．

A．sharing

B．using

C．denying D．developing

4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．

A．clear

B．regular

C．quick

D．great

5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．

A．polite

B．similar

C．usual

D．bad

6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．

A．good

B．special

C．private

D．general

7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．

A．changes

B．reduces

C．leaves

D．drops

8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．

A．limited

B．allowed

C．stopped

D．kept

9． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

A．retirement

B．advertisement

C．advancement

D．replacement

10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．

A．direct

B．stop

C．mix

D．avoid

11．There was a profound silence after his remark．

A．proud

B．short

C．sudden

D．deep

12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．

A．long

B．boring

C．original

D．humorous

13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．

A．caught

B．killed

C．found

D．jailed

14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．

A．transfer

B．destroy

C．establish

D．update

15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．

A．combine

B．sell

C．close

D．break

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

A Great Quake Coming?

Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next“Big One”will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．

To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．

One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．

At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．

Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．

People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of“if the Big One will hit”．It's just a matter of when．

16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Natural Gas

Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings． Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available． It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．

The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.23．Paragraph 2_______________

24．Paragraph 3_______________

25．Paragraph 4_______________

26．Paragraph 5_______________

A．Popularity and use of natural gas

B．Natural gas reserves and supply

C．Natural gas prices

D．Clean fuel of choice

E．Disadvantages of natural gas

F．Natural gas consumption

27．Natural gas is stored deep________.28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________.29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________.30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.A．over the past 50 years

B．beneath the earth surface

C．by more than 50 percent

D．for more than four decades

E．as a raw material

F．for home energy needs

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．

New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．

Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．

Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．

Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac-curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．

In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．

So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．

The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．

Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!

31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______．

A．lose weight

B．become happier

C．concentrate better

D．look younger

32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____．

A．higher blood pressure

B．faster heartbeat

C．more blood flow to the brain

D．better appearance

33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______．

A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster

B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster

C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers

D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______．

A．3 minutes

B．45 minutes

C．30 minutes

D．10 minutes

35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．

A．run around once a week

B．not read and walk at the same time

C．go for a walk every day

D．not hurt their friends while exercising

第二篇

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead．

Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．“I'm dead．take me away．”

But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．

What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，“Wait-I'm not dead yet，”So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，“I'm dead．”the other set says，“I'm not dead yet．”

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead． If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says“Wait-I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says“I'm dead”is left．“It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，”said Choe． When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical，they haul away the body． This was choe's hypothesis(假设)．

To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹).When the scientists used the“I'm dead”chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away.When the scientists used the“Wait-I'm not dead yet”chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemicals override(优先于)the“dead”chemical when picked up by adult ants． And that when an ant dies，the“not dead yet”chemicals fade away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest．

36．What is meant by“death chemical”mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．A chemical that contains poison．

B．A chemical that causes death．

C．A chemical that announces death．

D．A chemical that prevents death．

37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?

A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．

B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest．

C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest．

D．Living ants have the“I'm dead”chemical on their bodies．

38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________.A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies

B．the“I am dead”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

C．the“I am not dead yet”chemical is left when an ant dies

D．the“I am not dead yet”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis?

A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong．

B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing．

C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．

D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis．

40．The passage“Night of the Living Ants”tells us about________.A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh

B．what an ant does at night

C．how an ant finds its way in darkness

D．what happens when an ant dies

第三篇

The Iceman

On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．

It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows．

Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I．since several soldiers had already been found in the area． A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence．however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．

By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．

41．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________．

A．two Germans were climbing mountains

B．he was just on a mountain pass

C．the melted ice made him visible

D．he was lying on the ice

42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．

B．The iceman was struck dead from behind．

C．The iceman was killed while working．

D．The iceman lived a poor life．

43．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________．

A．he was a soldier in Worid War I

B．he came from Italy

C．he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father

D．He was born about a thousand years ago

44．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．

A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

C．was probably in some kind of a battle

D．had got a wound on the back of his head

45．The word“bandits”in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_________．

A．robbers

B．shooters

C．soldiers

D．hunters

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Semco

At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too．

He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．__________(46)．“Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．”

He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．

Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That'S when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．”

Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．________(49)．

It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why?

Semler says it's because of“peer pressure”．Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else．_________(50)．In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults．And they do．

A．This saved money and brought more equality to the company．

B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them．

C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want．

D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work．

E．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

F．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year．

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指纹)．Losing them could become troublesome．A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(肿瘤学)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is．

Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)．After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by

U．S．customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man．There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger．

“U．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years．”Tan says．“unfortunately，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．_________(58)，no fingerprints．”

“It is uncertain when fingerprint___________(59)will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，”Tan points out．So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．

Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States．I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags． But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it．

By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药物管理局)，____________(63)approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects．But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．

51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected

52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret

53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth

54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug

55．A．in B．for C．at D．from

56．A．different B．strange C．interesting D．distinctive

57．A．good B．side C．normal D．main

58．A．However B．Meanwhile C．Hence D．Yet

59．A．chance B．mark C．loss D．danger

60．A．reports B．discourage C．cautions D．praise

61．A．note B．name C．book D．number

62．A．on B．out C．without D．off

63．A．who B．when C．which D．where

64．A．collected B．copied C．associated D．tested

65．A．must B．does C．can D．should 2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项

1．A [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨。如：He shows no resentment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。anger愤怒。最符合题意。如：I cannot control mY anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。doubt怀疑。如：There is no doubt that we will be successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。love爱。如：Love conquers all．爱能战胜一切。surprise惊奇。如：What a pleasant surprise thing!多惊喜的事情呀!

2．A [解析]这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile编辑、编写。如：compile an encvclopedia编辑一本百科全书。write写。最符合题目。如：He has written many books．他写过很多书。print印刷。如：print the final copy of your essay打印作文的终稿。attach系，贴。如：attach a label to the product给商品贴上商标。send送。如：He sent her some flowers．他给她送了些花。

3．D [解析]他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate培养。如：I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter．我要培养笑的习惯。share分享。如：We used to share everything．我们曾经分享一切。use使用。如：use your mind动动脑子。deny否定。如：Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?develop发展。最符合题意。如：develop a love for music培养对音乐的喜爱。

4．A [解析]在解决这些社会问题上我们看到了明显的转变。marked明显的。如：marked increases明显的增长。clear清晰的。最符合题意。如：a clear explanation清晰的解释。regular规律的。如：regular heartbeats规律的心跳。quick迅速的。如：a quick answer迅速的回答。great伟大的。如：a great career伟大的事业。

5．A [解析]她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful优雅的。如：The dancer was light and graceful．舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。polite有礼貌的。最符合题意。如：a polite behavior有礼貌的行为。similar类似的。如：a word or phrase of similar meaning意义相近的词或词组。usual通常的。如：His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。bad坏的。如：a bad habit坏习惯。

6．A[解析]我想给儿子们提供体面的教育。decent体面的。如：decent clothes体面的服装。good好的。最符合题意。如：good environment良好的环境。special特别的。如：This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。private隐私的。如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。general普遍的。如：the general readers一般的读者。

7． A[解析]在这个过程中，光能会转换成热能。convert转换。如：convert iron to steel变铁为钢。change改变。最符合题意。如：change from an empty space to a busy area从空地变为繁华地区。reduce减少。如：reduce the consumption offuel减少燃料消耗。leave留下。如：He left the book on the desk．他把书留在桌上。drop掉落。如：A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed．瓶子落地摔碎了。

8． A[解析]许多城市限制在公共场合抽烟。restrict限制。如：The trees restrict our view．这些树局限了我们的视野。limit限制。最符合题意。如：He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes．他必须限制抽烟的数目。allow允许。如：Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests．请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。keep保持。如：keep silence保持沉默。

9． C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升职。如：May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?请允许我为您的晋升向您道贺。retirement退休。如：Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me．您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement广告。如：This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences．这广告将引起电视观众的注意。advancement晋升。最符合题意。如：His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm．他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。replacement代替。如：They have got a replacement for him．他们把他替换下来。

10．D[解析]如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。miss错过。如：I missed breakfast this morning．今早我错过了吃早饭。direct指挥。如：She directed the planning of the festival．她统管节日安排。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。mix混合。如：Mix water and flour．将水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合题意。如：Avoid making any noise．避免制造任何噪音。

11．D[解析]他讲完后有一阵意味深长的沉默。profound意义深远的。如：What she has to say is very profound．她说的话很有意义。proud骄傲的。如：a proud winner骄傲的胜利者。short短暂的。如：a short journey短暂的旅行。sudden突然的。如：a sudden attack突袭。deep深刻的。最符合题意。如：a deep impression深刻的印象。

12．D[解析]我喜欢这出戏，它有巧妙的情节和风趣的对话。funny有趣的。如：a funny story有趣的故事。long长的。如：long hair长发。boring枯燥的。如：a boring person无聊的人。original最初的。如：Stick to the original plan．坚持原计划。humorous幽默的。最符合题意。如：The film is humorous and moving．这部电影风趣又动人。

13．A [解析]贼最终在距村子两英里的地方被抓住。capture捕获。如：capture territories by force of arms争城夺地。catch抓住。最符合题意。如：Early birds catch worms．早起的鸟儿有虫吃。kill杀害。如：He was killed in a car accident．他丧命于一场车祸。find发现。如：Have you found your key?找到钥匙了么?jail监禁。如：He was jailed last month．他上月被监禁。

14．C [解析]建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。set up建立。如：set up an organization成立一个组织。transfer转移。如：He was transfefred to another department．他调到另一个部门了。destroy破坏。如：The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake．房屋在地震中毁坏。establish成立。最符合题意。如：His grandfather established the family business in 1920．他的祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。update更新。如：Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把报告中的数据更新了么?

15．A [解析]两家银行已宣布了明年合并的计划。merge联合。如：Rover is to merge with the BMW．罗佛要和宝马公司合并。combine合并。最符合题意。如：combine theories with practical exI)eriences将实践经验和理论相结合。sell出售。如：How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎样能将这辆老车卖出去?close关闭。如：Close the door please．请关门。break打碎。如．break a vase打破花瓶。

第2部分：阅读判断

16．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“At least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area.”

17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破坏性大，没说是最严重的。

18．A [解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：“During bigger quakes，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona．”由于1906年洛杉矶地震属于大地震，因此本句“1906年洛杉矾地震断层最高速度超过每秒3.5公里”是正确的。

19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“Recorcls show that earthquakes were common before 1906．”

20．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．”既然大多数房屋不能抵挡地震，那么洛杉矶并没有为地震的来临做好准备。

21．C[解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。

22．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：“According to the new research，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'．It's just a matter of wllen．”既然问题是“地震什么时候会发生”，那么这一地震是无法避免的了。

参考译文

大地震就要来了?

住在旧金山的人都知道海湾地区地震高发，而且具有毁坏性。例如1906年的地震毁坏了28000座建筑，让成百上千的人丧命。现在这里的居民想知道下次“大地震”到来的时间，它在某天必定会发生。现在至少有七条活跃的断层线穿过旧金山。断层是地壳破裂面互相移动形成的。当这些破裂面滑动时地震就发生了。

为了迎接那一天，科学家用新技术重新分析1906年的地震，并估计下次地震有可能造成的破坏。

关于1906年地震的一个新发现是圣安德烈亚斯断层分裂的速度比当时科学家认为的要快。小地震发生时断层以每秒2．7公里的速度断裂。然而在大地震时断层断裂速度每秒可超过3．5公里。

在如此高速下聚集了大量压力，并产生比地震本身破坏性更强的地下波。洛杉矶算幸运的，1906年这些压力脉冲游离了该城。尽管破坏很严重，但总算避免了更糟糕的后果。

展望未来，科学家在估计下次大地震什么时候发生。记录显示1906年前地震频发。自此，地震相对减少。然而数据模式显示2032年前一场大地震袭击湾区的可能性至少有62％。

旧金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超过84％的旧建筑仍是不坚固的。分析家暗示再来一次大地震会造成大面积破坏。

居民觉得住在旧金山是安全的，因为很长一段时间来都很平静。然而根据新的研究，问题已不再是“是否将会发生大地震”，而是“什么时候它会来”。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及各种用途。

24．D[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。

25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。

26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。

27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句“Natural gas is procduced from reserVoirs deep beneath the earth's SUTface．”

28．F [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句“In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity”．

29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话“In addition to heating homes，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings．”

30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句“The U.S.Department 0f Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025.”

参考译文

天然气

天然气深深储藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百万年的有机物产生的。天然气的主要构成是甲烷。

过去50多年，随着管道基础建设能将气体便利、经济的输送到世界各地的居住区、商业和工业用户，天然气受欢迎程度和使用迅速增长。如今全美50州都有天然气服务，并且是美国家庭和工业燃料首选。超过6500万美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源的来源，费用是电的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美国许多天然气被用作原材料，生产从油漆到服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品。天然气也被用在许多新的发电厂。

天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气--与人呼气产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的燃烧矿物燃料。燃料的生产和分配必须按照联邦政府的规定，这样能确保向消费者提供安全干净的服务。

美国消费世界天然气出产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部门预计天然气需求量到2025年会增长超过50％。

地表下有大量的天然气储存。最大的天然气储存在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东。过去的四十多年美国同时本土生产和进口液化天然气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

31．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是老年人经常运动有助于以下哪项。原文是第二段“对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年更集中精力”。选项A“减肥”；选项B“更愉快”；选项C“精力更集中”；选项D“显得年轻”。因此只能选C。

32．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第三段“以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。”选项A“更高的血压”；选项B“更快的心跳”；选项C“有更多血液流经大脑”；选项D“更好的外表”。因此只能选C。

33．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第五段“研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。”选项A“身体状况不佳的参赛者完成箭头测试更快”；选项B“身体健康的参赛者完成箭头测试的速度更快”；选项C“身体状况不佳的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确”；选项D“身体健康的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确”。因此只能选B。

34．D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第七段“因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。”因此只能选D。

35．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是最后一段“不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦”。选项A“一周跑一次步”；选项B“不要同时走路和读书”与原文内容一致；选项C“每天散步”；选项D“运动时不要伤着朋友”。因此答案选B“。

参考译文

步行健脑

你认为整日坐着学习就可以提高成绩么?想想吧。做做运动或许也有效呢。

对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年人更集中精力。

以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。

来自Urbana-Champaign大学的神经学家想要知道是否人类也会有同样的情况。首先，他们测量了41位58岁到77岁的成年人行走1英里后的健康状况。然后让这4l位参加者观看电脑屏幕上的箭头，用电脑操纵键指出箭头指向哪里。

研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。有更多的血液流向健康参加者大脑中控制注意力和做决定的部分。

第二项试验中，已完成了一个六个月有氧训练课程的老年人在注意力测试中比另外14位只是做过同样时间的伸展和肌肉锻炼的老年人要更快。

因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。这对你的祖父母来说是个好消息。

运动对年轻人大脑的作用尚未有研究。不过，偶尔放下学习，和朋友们散散步、跑一跑还是有好处的。或许对学习大有裨益。

不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦。

第二篇

36．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文在第二段”加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：'我死了，把我挪走吧。'“选项A”含有毒物质的化学品“与原文不符；选项B”导致死亡的化学物质“与原文不符；选项C”宣布死亡的化学物质“，符合原文；选项D”阻止死亡的化学物质“与原文不符，因此只能选C。

37．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A”蚂蚁们很快知道有同伴死了“符合原文内容：选项B”当有蚂蚁死了，其他同伴把它的尸体挪出蚁穴“符合原文内容；选项C”有蚂蚁昏迷了，它会被拖出蚁穴“不符合原文内容，符合选项要求；选项D”活蚂蚁身上有'我活着'化学物质“，与原文相符。因此只能选C。

38．D[解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A”蚂蚁死后气味依然和活着时一样“与原文不符；选项B”'我已死'化学物在蚂蚁死后会消失“与原文不符；选项C”蚂蚁死后，'我还没死'化学物质留在尸体上“与原文不符；选项D”'我没死'化学物质在蚂蚁死后会消失“与原文相符。因此只能选D．

39．B [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。周的假设是当其他蚂蚁监测到”我没死“化学物质消失了，而只有”我死了“物质，它们就将尸体拖走。而实验结果是当科学家用”我已死“化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用”等等，我还没死“这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。结果证明了周假设的正确性。选项A”他的假设是错误的“，不符合原文；选项B”他的假设有说服力“，符合原文；选项C”他的假设需要修改“，不符合原文；选项D”他没有发现有力的证据证明这一假设“，与原文不符。所以只能选B。

40．D [解析]本题是阅读综合理解能力考查题。选项A”一只蚂蚁怎样被移出蚁穴“不是文章主旨；选项B”蚂蚁在晚上做什么“不是文章主旨；选项C”蚂蚁如何在黑暗中找到路“不是文章主旨；选项D”蚂蚁死后会发生什么“符合文章内容。因此只能选D。

参考译文

蚂蚁的死亡

一只蚂蚁死后，别的蚂蚁会把它挪出蚁穴。科学家认为这一现象很有趣，他们想知道蚂蚁们如何迅速准确地得知有只同伴死了。

加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：”我死了，把我挪走吧。“

让周东环在研究中疑惑不解的是蚂蚁都像僵尸一般，不仅是死蚂蚁，活的蚂蚁也有这种死亡化学物质。换句话说，当一只蚂蚁在餐厅或家中爬行时，它就在告诉同伴他死了。

是什么令蚂蚁们并没有拖走活着的同伴?周发现阿根廷蚂蚁身体上有两种化学物质，这些物质能向周围的蚂蚁传达诸如”等等，我还没死呢“这样的信息。因此，周的研究发现了两种化学物质信号。一种说明”我死了“，另一种说”我还没死呢“。

其他科学家也试图发现蚂蚁如何知道一个同伴已经死去。如果一个蚂蚁昏迷了，其他蚂蚁能在它醒过来前不碰它。这意味着蚂蚁们知道没有动的同伴有可能仍然活着。

周指出，当一只阿根廷蚂蚁死后，发出”等等，我还没死呢“这一信号的化学物质立刻消失。一旦这种物质消失，就只有发出”我死了“的化学物质。周说，”这是因为死去的蚂蚁散发的味道不同于活着的蚂蚁，因而应该被带到坟墓去了。并不是因为蚂蚁在死后产生新化学物质。“当其他蚂蚁监测到”我没死“化学物质消失了，而只有”我死了“物质，它们就将尸体拖走。这是周的假设。

为了证明这一假设，周和他的团队将不同的化学物质涂在阿根廷蚂蚁的蛹上。当科学家用”我已死“化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用”等等，我还没死“这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。周认为这一行为说明蚂蚁选择时，”还没死“物质要优先于”死亡“物质。而且当一只蚂蚁死后，”还没死“化学物质逐渐消失。其他周围的蚂蚁才感觉到”死亡“物质，并将尸体拖离蚁穴。

第三篇

41．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。选项A”两个德国人正在爬山“；选项B”他刚好在一个山口上“；选项C”融化的冰将他暴露出来“；选项D”他躺在冰上“。因此只能选C。

42．A[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项?选项A ”冰人有可能死于头部伤口“；选项B”冰人背后受袭击而致死“；选项c”冰人工作时被杀害“；选项D”冰人生活贫困“。原文是”它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好“，仅就此推断，冰人可能死于头部伤，因此答案是A。

43．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测。原文在第三段。选项A”他是一战时期的士兵“；选项C”他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲“；选项D”他大约一千年前出生“均在该段中有所提及。选项B”他来自意大利“在文章中没有出现。因此答案是B。

44．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是科学家对冰人的推论是什么。原文在第四段。选项A”他的肩膀被箭头刺伤“是事实而非推论；选项B”皮肤上的小孔导致他的死亡“不符合事实；选项C”有可能参与过战斗“是推论；选项D”头后部有伤口“是事实而非推论因此只能选C。

45．A [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考察题。第四段”bandits“是什么意思?选项A”强盗“；选项B”射击手“；选项C”士兵“；选项D”猎人“。只有选项A与其他三项意义相距甚远。因此只能选A。

参考译文

冰人

1991年九月的一天，两位德国人正在攀登奥地利和意大利之间的山脉。爬到一个山口它们发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。在这样的高度(10499英尺或3200米)，冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的迅速，所以尸体才显露出来。

他面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好。骨头上依然有皮肤和残余的衣物。尸体双手仍然握着斧头的木柄，双脚穿着简单的由皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有树皮做的一双手套和一个箭筒。

他是谁?他在什么时候怎样死去的?人人的解释都不同。有人认为他就是本世纪的人，有可能是一战时期阵亡的士兵，因为在这附近已经有士兵被发现了。一位瑞士妇女相信他是自己二十年前在这些山脉间去世的父亲，他的遗体一直没有被找到。赶去查看的科学家认为这一尸体可能更久远，它甚至有一千岁了。

科学家们运用最新的年代确定技术很快获悉这一冰人已有大约5300岁了。他大约出生在公元前3300年，生活在欧洲的青铜器时代。起初科学家们认为他有可能在高山间打猎时出事故而身亡。然而最近的一些证据显示不同。新型的X光表明他的肩膀上仍有一个箭头，皮肤上只有一个小孔，但却导致内部损伤和失血。几乎可以肯定他死于这个伤，而不是脑后的伤口。这说明他有可能参与过战争。这场战争有可能是大型战争的一部分或者其间他和强盗博斗过，甚至他本人就可能是强盗。

通过研究他的衣服和工具，科学家们就已经知道有关冰人生活的时代的很多内容。我们有可能永远无法知道他死亡的真相，但是他给我们提供了了解那个远古时代的重要线索。

第5部分：补全短文

46．A [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到”他允许他们自己制定薪水，但会削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作“，而下一句应该解释这种做法的原因。选项A说明”这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等“，与上下文联系最紧密，因此选A。

47．C [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。本段主要讲semler如何改造公司的外表，而选项中只有C提到这方面的内容，”员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间“放在这里是和前后两句话的并列。因此选C。

48．B [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到”但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动“，下一句需要说到Robin怎样行动，因此选项B”他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理“最符合题目要求。

49．F [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。这一段讲述了Semco给予员工的自由，而选项中只有F”Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天“与此内容相关，因此选F。

50．E [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。上一句说到同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作，而下一句应具体解释这种压力如何发挥作用。选项E”如果有人表现不好。其他人会制止这一局面“延续了这一句的内容。因此选E。

参考译文

Semeo

Ricardo Semler 21岁就做了父亲在巴西的公司Semco的老板，该公司出售轮船部件。小semler是个工作狂，每天从早上七点半工作至深夜。一天下午，他在纽约参观工厂时晕倒了，治疗医生说：”你身体没有什么毛病，但你若一直这样工作，你会长期待在医院的。“semler听从了医生的话。他改变了自己的工作方式，事实上也改变了员工的工作方式。

他让员工担负更多责任，让他们为事情偏离轨道而担忧。他允许他们自己制定薪水，并且削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作。这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等。Semco的每个人，甚至高管都要自己接待客人、复印、发传真、打字和打电话。

他完全改造了semco：办公室没有墙，而是植物，因此老板不能与其他人隔开。员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间。制服方面，则有人穿西装，有人穿体恤。

Semler说：”我们有个坐在那里看几个小时报纸的销售经理，叫Rubin Agater。他甚至不用去装着很忙碌的样子。但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动。他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理。那就是他挣工资的时候。别人并不关心其他时间他是否看上去忙忙碌碌。“

Semco有弹性工作时间：员工自己决定什么时候来上班，并且一年要两次评估老板。Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天。

听上去很好?但这一切都起作用了么?答案在数字中：在过去的六年里，Semco的收入从三千五百万美元上升到两亿一千二百万美元。公司员工数量从八百增长到三千。为什么会发生这一切?

Semler认为这是因为”同伴的压力“。同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作。如果有人表现不好，其他人会制止这一局面。换句话说，Ricardo semler给员工以成人的待遇，并希望他们有成人的行为。他们都做到了。

第6部分：完形填空

51．A[解析]release公布；suggest建议；accept接受；detect探测。根据下文内容，这里应该是”一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件“，因此选A。

52．A [解析]problem问题；g印间隙；sickness疾病；secret秘密。根据下文内容，这里应该是”失去指纹会带来多大麻烦“，因此选A。

53．B[解析]cut裁剪；treat治疗；find发现；smooth磨光。本句意思是”一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历“。因此选B。

54．D [解析]diet饮食；exercise锻炼；recovery康复；drug药品，最符合题意。本句意思是”经过这个药物三年的治疗后“。因此选D。

55．B [解析]介词for在这里指”持续……时间“。本句意思是”他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久“。因此选B。

56．D [解析]different不同的；strange奇怪的；interesting有趣的；distinctive独特的，最符合题意，指人手指上特有的旋涡状的指纹。本句意思是”因为在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记“。因此选D。

57．B [解析]本题考查词组side effect副作用。Good好的；normal正常的；main主要的。本句意思是”药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑“。因此选B。

58．C[解析]however但是，表示转折；meanwhile同时；hence因此，后面可以直接跟名词而独立成句，如：I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises．我昨天骑自行车摔倒了，所以青一块、紫一块的；yet仍然，还。本句意思为”药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹“。因此选C。

59．C [解析]chance机会；mark记号；loss消失；danger危险。本句的意思是”对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的“。因此选C。

60．C[解析]reporl报告；discourage使气馁；caution警告；praise赞美。本句意思是”所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单“。因此选C。

61．A [解析]note票据，单子；name姓名；book书本；number数字。本句意思是”给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单“。因此选A。

62．C [解析]本句意思是”但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带“。因此只能选C，withour。

63．C[解析]本句需要选一个关系代词引导非限定定语从句，并做定语从句的主语，因此只能选C，which。本句意思是”美国食品和药物局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了“。

64．C [解析]collect收集；copy模仿；associate联系；test测验。本句意思是”应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单“。

65．B [解析]本句是时间状语no w}lere提前构成的部分倒装句，谓语要由助动词does放在主语前。本句意思是”但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。“因此选B。

参考译文

指纹消失事件

一种非常有效的抗癌药物能够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。一封被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。

Eng-Huat ran，一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历。经过这个药物三年的治疗后，这位病人去年十二月份决定去美国拜访亲戚。在他进入这个国家后，他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹。在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记。

”美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，“Tan说：”不幸的是，对于这位新加坡旅行者来说，药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹。“

”对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的，“Tan指出。所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。

最终，那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带。

顺便提一下，美国食品药物管理局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了，应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单。现有的副作用清单中确实列出病人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。

2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试试卷

理工类B级

第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reported

B hoped

C answered

D admitted We need to extract the relevant financial data.A store

B save

C review

D obtain Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A held B increased

C expected D

offered The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choice

B idea

C decision

D reason The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives

A effort

B influence

C problem D concern His shoes were shinedto perfection.A cleared B washed

C mended D polished We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offered

B included

C accepted

D investigated The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuous

B relative

C general

D sharp Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A saying

B

doubting

C thinking

D knowing We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limit

B

system

C procedure D status She always finds fault with everything.A simplifies

B

evaluates

C examines

D criticizes The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificent B

general

C traditional

D strong At that time，we did not fully graspthe significance of what had happened.A give

B

understand

C attach

D lose They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turned

B reduced

C moved

D reformed Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spend

B take

C last

D stand

第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming

There's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years.Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warmingby an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year.At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years.That difference may seem smalla large amount even by today's standards.Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long.____(49)

On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip(简易机场)outside Paris.Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St.Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books.He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape(热烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment.was even named for Charles Lindbergh-the kept at the Smithsonian Institute's National Air ____(50)A very popular dance Lindy Hop.Today, The Spirit of St.Louis is and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.A Eighty years' ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.B Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St.Louis, Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey.C He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.D He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he-learned to be a pilot.E His childhood was not full of fond memories.F Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St Louis, Missouri.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to ”self-medicate“ against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.”This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived(52)benefits of smoking among teens,“ says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.”(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.“

As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to(55)mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．

Participants were divided into three(57): never smokers;smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical(58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had(59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy，sad.or depressed;felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed, antsy or tense;and worried too much about things.”Smokers who used cigarettes as mood(60)had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms(61)teens who had never smoked,“ says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine．”0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are(62)higher risk of depressive symptoms.“

The(63)between depression and smoking exists(64)among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.” It's(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton．

51．A diagnose B increase C examine D treat

52．A financial B material C emotional D political

53．A Whatever B Although C Since D If

54．A road B term C journey D distance

55．A affect B judge C lead D study

56．A located B moved C exposed D mixed

57．A groups B sets C species D versions

58．A beauty B state C world D activity

59．A time B courage C trouble D energy

60．A tellers B improvers C creators D designers

61．A not B than C but D that

62．A at B in C about D without

63．A association B cooperation C difference D agreement

64．A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely

65．A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly

参考答案：

第1 部分：词汇选项 A2 D3 B 4 D 5 C 6 D7 C 8 A9 A 10 B 11 D12 A 13 B 14 C15 D 第2 部分：阅读判断 B17 B 18 C19 A 20 A 21 B 22 C 第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 F24 C 25 E 26 D 27 F28 A 29 C 30 B 第4 部分：阅读理解

D 32 C 33 A 34 A35 B 36 B37 D38 C39 C40 A41 C 42 D 43 C 44 D45 C 第5 部分：补金短文 46 A 47 D48 F49 B 50 C 第6 部分：完形填空

B 52 C53 B 54 B 55 A 56 A 57 A 58 B 59 C 60 B61 B 62 A 63 A64 B 65 A

第二篇：2011年职称英语考试综合类B级真题答案解析

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类（B级）

第1部分：词汇选项 A confess 这个动词是“坦白、交代、承认”的意思，admit也是“承认”的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用。D extract 作动词用是“获得、获取”的意思，在四个选项中只有 obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。

B accelerate 这个动词原意是“加速”，如:The trains have been accelerated.火车提速了;The steps 10 implement the plan are being accelerated.执行该计划的步伐正在加速。在本句中 accelerate his sale of shares(加速出售他的股票)，无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选 increased。D motive 是“动机”的意思，the motive for(doing)something 即为“做某事的动机”，reason 是“理由”，the motive for the murder 和 the reason for the murder 是同一意思。C impact 和 influence 是同义词，意为“影响”，又如:the impact of modem technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。

D shine 这个动词通常用于表示“发亮、发光” 的意思，如: The sun is shining.但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是“擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮”的意思了。本句的意思是:他的皮鞋擦得一尘不染。polish 具有“把......擦亮、磨光”的意思，clear 和 shoes 一起用的话便是 “把鞋子移开”的意思了，wash 则是用水洗，mend 是修补的意思。C explore 是“探索、探险、摸索” 的意思，investigate 除了常用的“调查”这层意思外，也具有“探索”这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。

A steady 是“稳定的”意思，a steady decline 则是 “稳步下降”，在这个上下文中可以用 continuous 来代替它，即“不断下降”。sharp decline 则是“急剧下降”。

A remark 这个动词就是 “说”的意思，所以这里就用 saying 来代替它。B framework 就是我们现在常常说的“框架”，within the existing legal framework 指在现有的法律框架内。所谓法律框架实际上就是指法律体系，所以选 system。limit 是限制，procedure 是程序，status 是地位。D find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为“找茬、吹毛求疵”，所以和 criticize(批评)基本同义。A spectacular 这个形容词常用来描述场面、景观等，意思是“壮观的、壮丽的、华丽的” 等，在四个选项中只有 magnificent 具有这样的意思。B grasp 这个动词是“抓住”的意思，可用于具体的事物，如:grasp the rope/ my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如: grasp the main idea/his meaning 抓

住要点/理解他的意思。在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于understand the significance of what had happened。C convert 的意思是“改变、转化”。turn 则是具有同样意义的一个更为常用的单词，两者后面都跟 into 来表示“变为……”。又如: Solar energy has been successfully converted/turned into mechanical energy.太阳能被成功地转化成机械能。The priest converted/turned him from a Buddhist into a Christian.那神父把他从 一个佛教徒变成了个基督徒。reduce 减少，reform 改造。D tolerate 是 “忍受”的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热.tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受屈辱。和它同义的词常用的有bear，endure 和 stand。

第2部分：阅读理解 B 从文章的第一句 For six hours we shot through the barren landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa.便可以知道这句话是错的，shot 是动词 shoot 的过去时形式，shoot through 用以表示开车，那显然车是开得很快的；而且，他们开过的沙漠是一片荒漠(barren landscape)，并非是一个busy desert。A 第一段里就说她已经写了整整三个笔记本，并且开始写第四本了。C 文中讲到 Daniel 用相机记录他在非洲的所见所闻，但并没有提到他拍摄过尼罗河(the Nile River)。A 从文章的第二、第三段可以看到他们两人在非洲看到了许多。B 实际上 Sophia 在开车，Daniel 则在睡觉，所以并非两人都看到了野马。B 文中说到And as I drove，something caught my eye.something moving close enough to touch them，to smell their hot breath.很显然，野马一度离他们的车很近，只是后来才渐渐远离了。B Daniel 是在 Sophia 看到野马一小时后自己醒来的—— When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.并不是让Sophia 唤醒的。

第3 部分：概括大意与完成子 E 第一段的第一句话就讲世上几乎没有什么事我们是单枪匹马去完成的。接着作者举了好几个人们在群体中生活和工作的例子。所以 People are in groups.正是本段的中心。F 本段的第一句 In almost every situation where you're in a group，you will need a skilled leader.就是它的主题句。本段要讲的就是任何一个群体都需要有一个领导者。A 本段虽然以 Some people are natural leaders.(有些人生来就是当头的。)开始，但作者并不真正认同这一观点，这从 Although a 1ot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders，most people now recognise that leadership can also be taught.这句话可以看到。所以 Training can make good 1eaders.概括了本段的大意。D 本段的第一句是它的主题句: Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.a range of qualities 就是a variety of qualities，即各种素质。C 答案可见第一段的最后一句:...being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.E Groups often break down because of lack of good leaders.这句话是第二段中下面这句话的另一种说法: Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.A 请见第二段里的这句话: Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy，controlling way.B 请见第四段里这句话: Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader.be vital for someone to do something 即对某人做某事是十分关键的，和 be the key to doing something 是同一个意思。

第4 部分：阅读理解

C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话: Everyone has imagination，but most of us，once we become adults，forget how to access it.人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如何取得想象力(access it)。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以学会怎么样更加富有创意的。

B 从第二段的这两句话：First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do.Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle.可以找到答案。蜡烛只是一个例子。

A 第三段的第一句话: Imagine that normal limitations don’t exist.You have as much time/ space/money, etc.as you want.是本题的答题依据。

B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”.35 C 第三种技巧就是:Look at the situation from a different point of view.作者以谈判者和小说家为例，说明推销员如要应用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。

A 文章的第一段把这一点讲得十分明确:...the so-called Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.It argues that，in fact，these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.37 A 第二段的最后一句话: As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.回答了这个问题。只要有新的玩意儿出现，它就会被增加到现有的玩意儿上去，而不是替代原有的东西。注意四个选项里的they 指的是 e-devices 而不是属于Generation M 这一代的年轻人。

D 根据文章的内容应选 D。distant to their family 意为 ”和自己的家人疏远“。具体可见第三段。

D 答题的依据是第五段里的这句话: They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedia1 help with study skills.可见在大学教师看来许多本科生急需补上学习技能这一课。

A 这道题的答题依据是文章的最后一段，作者认为尽管上面所说的都没错，但是(注意 while 这个连接词的转折意义)我们要记住现今对年轻人的期望越来越高。不管老一辈怎么说他们(注意 despite这个介词表示的让步意义)，对他们(年轻人)还是应该给予表扬而不是批评(Praise rather than criticism is due)。To be due 应该得到。

D 第一段里讲到了人们拥有手机的几种理由，其中不包括手机便宜(cheap)这一条。

C detect 意为”觉察、发现“，故可用 discover 来代替。

A 第三段里把这名推销员年纪轻轻就要退休的原因讲得十分明白:...a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn't remember even simple tasks.44 A 请见第四段里的这句话:Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它们并不否认手机有辐射，只是辐射量很小无需担心。

B 作者建议大家少用手机，这一点在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。

第5 部分：补全短文

A 第一段是文章的引言，说的是当今有了电视和杂志这样的媒体，名人到处可见，但是情况并非一向如此，80 年前收音机和电影才刚开始对美国人产生这样的效应，也就是才能向美国的公众介绍宣传Lindberg，使他成为名人。

D 这个空的前一句说的是 Lindberg 在大学读工程学位，但是飞行吸引了他的想象;其后的一句则讲他自己买了飞机在各地表演空中特技，所以在中间自然应该填入他辍学并移居到 Nebraska 去学习飞行这句话。

F 前一句说到Lindberg 参军，在飞行员班里第一个毕业，这样正好接上 Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St.Louis，Missouri.这句话。

B 前面一句讲了Lindberg 觉得要完成这次飞行自己的技术没有问题，但并非任何一架飞机都能飞这么远。所以下面就接上他找到了 San Diego 的一家飞行器公司定做了一架飞机。

C 六个选项中只有这个选项是和他回到美国后得到的荣誉有关的。

第6 部分：完形填空

C the diagnosis of his illness Parkinson's disease 他的不适被诊断为帕金森氏病

B criticism of something/someone 对某事/某人的批评，这里 of 的宾语表示的是 criticism这个动作的对象;其他三个介词都不能用。

A opposition to 反对……

A take up 是个短语，意为”从事……”，take up the sport 从事该项运动，take up filmmaking 从影，take up charity 从事慈善事业。

C 尽管 A1i不主张开展女子拳击，但他出席女儿的职业赛似乎传递了一个父亲的支持，他自然是想看女儿比赛的，故 watch his daughter fight。

D 这里有一个比较结构 as much …as…，被比较的是女儿的首次比赛和父亲以前的比赛吸引公众的程度，两个比较的对象理应是同一事物，所以选 fight。

D 从观众的角度来看总是希望比赛紧张一点、精彩一点，双方势均力敌才有看点，所以 Laila 的对于明显比她弱，对观众来说就是一件不幸的事了。

C to know what one is doing 是一种常见的、相对固定的表达方式，意思是:知道该怎么做、做得不错。

B compare...to...这里是 “和......作比较”的意思，也可以说 “compare...with..., compare...to...的另一种意思是”把……比作为……"。

C make her own name 自己成名(不靠她父亲)

B 这里说的是Laila 已经明白的事，所以用 realize。suggest 和 propose都是建议，hope则是希望。

B 这里的 if 相当于whether;to see if(whether)she still wants to go forward with it 看她是否还想继续下去。

D struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease和帕金森氏病的症候斗争。

B 对Laila 在那样一个时刻所作出的那样一个决定人们的反应有赞扬，也有批评。

C arrival on the boxing scene of a woman 一名女性出现在拳击场上，注意这里的词序，实际上是 the arrival of a woman on the boxing scene。

第三篇：2008年职称英语考试综合类(A级)真题

2008年职称英语考试综合类（A级）真题

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.With immense relief，l Stopped running.A somehttp

B enormous

C little

D extensive

2.The scientists began to accumulate data.A collect

B handle

C analyze

D investigate

3.Jack eventually overtook the last truck.A hithttp

B passed

C reached

D led

4.Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.A possible

B profitable

C easy

D wise

5.The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle.A fact

B mystery

C statement

D game

6.That guy is really witty.A smart

B ugly

C honorable

D popular

7.The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.A reasonable

B dramatic

C humiliating

D horrifying

8.It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.A prepared

B trained

C qualified

D guided

9.This poem depicts.the beautiful scenery of a town in the South.A praises

B writes

C imitates

D describes

10.The meaning is still obscure

A vague

B transparent

C alien

D significant

11.Dumped waste might contaminate water supplies.A destroy

B decrease

C delay

D pollute

12.One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and Persia.A assumes

B expectshttp

C predicts

D considers

13.It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.A remember

B follow

C understand

D learn

14.I hope that I didn’t do anything absurd last night.A awkward

B strange

C stupid

D awful there should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.A forbid

B advocate

C inherit

D withdraw

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

What Is Giobalization ?

It was the anti—globalization movement that really put globalization on the map.As a word it has existed since the 1 960s，but the protests against this allegedly new process，which its opponents condemn as a way of ordering people’S lives，brought globalization out of the financial and academic worlds and into everyday current affairs.()

In the late 1 980s and early 1 990s.the business model called the“globalized”financial market came to be seen as an entity that could have more than just an economic impact on the parts of the world it touched.Globalization came to be seen as more than simply a way of doing business，or running financial markets—it became a process.From then on the word took on a life of its own.So how does the globalized market work? It is modern communications that make it possible;for

the British service sector to deal with its customers through a call centre in India，or for a sportswear(运动服)manufacturer to design its products in Europe，make them in south.east Asia and sell them in north America.()

But this is where the anti—globalization side gets stuck in(关注).If these practices replace domestic economic life with an economy that is heavily influenced or controlled from overseas.then the creation of a globalized economic model and the process of globalization can also be seen as a surrender of power to the corporations，or a means of keeping poorer nations in their place。

Not everyone agrees that globalization is necessarily evil，or that globalized

corporations are running the lives of individuals or are more powerful than nations.Some say that the spread of globalization，free markets and free trade into the developing world is the best way to beat poverty—the only problem is that free markets and free()trade do not yet truly exist.Globalization can be seen as a positive，negative or even marginal process.And regardless of whether it works for good or ill，globalization’S exact meaning will continue to be the subject of debate among those who oppose，support or simply observe it。

16.Globalization is a term used only in the financial and academic worlds.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()

17.Globalization can be best understood as a way of doing business.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

18.Modern communications play an important role in globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

19.Britain has benefited quite a lot from globalization.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

20.The opponent believe that globalization will keep the poorer nations in poverty.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

21.The opponents think that globalization corporations have more power than nations.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

22.Free markets and free trade will eventually prevail.A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned()

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

A New Citizenship Test Last week a sample of the new US citizenship(公民身份)exam was released by the US Citizenship and Immigration Services(US—CLS).It will be tried out in 1 0 cities early next year to replace the current test in 2008.Instead of asking how many stripes the USflag has，as the current test does，the new one asks why there are 13 stripes。Instead ofhaving to name the branches of government，an applicant is asked to explain why thereare three.“The goal is to make it more meaningful.”explains Emilio Gonzalez，director of theUS—CIS。Immigrants who pass it are expected to have a better“understanding and respect”for US civic(公民的)values，Gonzalez says.The US isn’t the only country dealing with citizenship tests that aim to get a“ sharedcommitment”from immigrants for their adopted country’s“values”，In recent years，Inaddition to the usual requirement of language/work skills and economic status-severalEuropean countries have adopted citizenship tests.Britain introduced a new citizenshiptest last November.In March，a new Dutch law took effect requiring all would—beimmigrants to take a citizenship test.It involved watching a video showing nude(裸体的)women bathing at beaches and gay(同性恋的)men kissing in public.The aim was toensure that“newcomers will be comfortable with the country’S liberal social mores(风俗)”.Europe has been known for welcoming immigrants for decades.But，today，the fact is that some immigrants are kept apart from local citizens by culture and they becomehostile to each other.Promoting integration has become a major concern for Europeancountries.after the rioting in Muslim ghettoes(少数民族聚居区)in France and the killingof Dutch public figures by religious extremists.Officials believe that a person’s attachment to a country can be tested by his or herknowledge of the country.However，some critics say that the changes can do little to helppeople’assimilate(同化)themselves.“Immigration is a culture war today-Is giving a newtest the right way to lessen the accusations in that fight?”says Ali Noorani，of theMassachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Advocacy Coalition(难民辩护联盟)paragraph 2___________ paragraph 3___________ paragraph 4___________ paragraph 5___________

A.Preparation for taking a citizenship test

B.Citizenship tests in European counties

C.Importance of promoting integration

D.Necessity to know the branches of government

E.Different On the new citizenship test

F.Goal of the new citizenship test The qu~on8inthe new citizenship test are more difficult________.Would—beimmigrant8totheUS are expected________.In the Dutch citizenship test all would-be immigrants are required________.Some people fear that change in the citizenship test will do little________.A to know a lot more about the country

B to watch a video

C to helpimmignt8 accept the new culture

D to marry American citizens

E to do low-skill jobs

F to answer()

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Centers of the Great European Cities

The centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition-People gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.A mixture of locals and tourists make for an exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europe’s cities.Venice in Italy has the Piazza San Marco—a beautiful square surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and caf6s.In Barcelona，Spain，LaBosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls selling all kinds of goods.London’s Covent Garden is filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night.The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive.In London，they serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee tables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you don’t see all the mistakes，”said Garreau-“ Those have all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars.restaurants and cafes were near to，people’s homes.Today，the focus of many Europeans’life has moved away from the centers.They live in the suburbs and outskirts，driving to supermarkets to get their supplies.But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，living and shopping locally.These people.together with tourists，provide the city centers with the reason for existence.Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing.this is Particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists this skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People In Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Church on an almost daily basis.Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets.cafes and bars In the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo。The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy IS surrounded by bakeries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.31.It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in Europe

A.has many large squares.B.has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C.draws tourists in large numbers every year

D.has a center where tourists meet their spouses.32.Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?

A.It is crowded with people.B.It is located in London.C.it is filled with stalls.D.It is surrounded by shops，churches，restaurants and cafes

33.Why do people think that Venice is SO great?

A.Because it is a famous tourist attraction.B.Because you can reach anywhere by boat.C.Because it is well.known for Its merchants.D.Because all the mistakes have been removed.34.What are Parisians famous for?

A.Their pursuit of independence.B.Their enthusiasm for conversation.C.Their ability to keep the city flourishing.D.Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.35.The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate that

A.there is a tight link between church and society.B.all churches are magnificent.C.old churches are very popular.D.high—rise churches are impressive.第二篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

You hear this：“No wonder you are fat.All you ever do is eat.”You feel sad：t “I skip my breakfast and supper.I run every morning and evening.What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing。

Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that，“80 percent of the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese，as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight.”

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well，dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous.Jules Hirsch，a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people。They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.After more than 1 0 weeks，the subjects lost 45ka on average.But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.The results were surprising：by metabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement，fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving.They had psychiatric problems.They dreamed of food or breaking their diet.They were anxious and depressed;some were suicidal.They hid food in their rooms.Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn'tresult In normal weight，but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non—obese people.Thin people，however, suffer from the opposjte ：They have to make a great effort to gain weight.Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight?In four to six months，they ate as much as they could.They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent。But months after the study ended.they were back to normal weight and stayed there.This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight.It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly baffle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight。the findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range.The range might be as much as 9kg.Someone might weigh 60_69kg without too much effort.But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult.The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.36.What determines your weight?

A.Your working manner

B.Your eating habit。

C.Your life style.D.Your genes.37.What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

A.He let them skip supper

B.He let them skip breakfast.C.He let them run every morning and evening.D.He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day.38.What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A.They went mad.B.They killed themselves.C.They were back to normal weight.D.They attempted suicide.39.Ethan Sims made his subjects

A.battle their genetic inheritance

B.increase their weight.C.suffer from hunger

D.lower their weight.40.What did scientists think was true?

A.Each person has a fixed weight range.B.Each person has a weight range of 9kg.C.Each person wants to control his or her weight.D.Each person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content

第三篇 Shaming Punishments

Last month，James Connolly，a junior at the University of Massachusetts，stood in front of a local police station wearing a toga(长袍)as punishment.His crime? He was charged with underage drinking，illegal possession of alcohol and excessive noise while holding a party.This shaming punishment has increased in the US in recent years，mostly imposed by local judges for less—serious crimes，such as drunk driving and theft.They believe shame is the best petty crime deterrent(威慑).For example，in Tennessee，Judge James McKenzie has made shoplifters(商店货物扒手)stand outside Wal — Mart with signs that read，“I am a thief put here by order of Judge McKenzie”，“Alternative punishments like community service and fines don’t convey moral condemnation(谴责)of the criminal，”said Dan Kahan，a University of Chicago Law School professor ,in an article published on the university’S website.“They aren’t shameful enough。”

Shaming punishments are sometimes called Scarlet(红色的)Letter punishments.The name comes from US author Nathaniel Hawthorne’S 1850 novel The Scarlet Letter.In this novel，a woman is forced to wear a scarlet “A”on her clothes as punishment forher adultery(通奸).However, University of Iowa law professor Andrew Hosmanek said there is an important difference between the shaming punishments of colonial America and those assigned in states like Tennessee.“Early societies often had are— acceptance’ ceremony to welcome the offender back into main society,”says Hosmanek.“Contemporary punishments in America lack this.”

Supporters of shaming punishment argue that public shaming is a good way of expressing community values。Some judges say shamed offenders seldom repeat their crimes.Others aren’t SO sure。“There is little evidence to suggest that shaming punishments are successful in preventing people from committing specific crimes.And a shamed criminal may face a hard battle to regain credibility in society，”said Hosmanek.“So，a shaming punishment may force the offender into more crimes to support himself.”

Experts also debate shaming punishment’S damage to human dignity.“Since the point is to shame，it's of course degrading(侮辱人格的)，”said Linda Malone，director of the Human Rights and National Security Law Programme at William and Mary Law School.“US law only prohibits punishment that is‘cruel and unusual’一not‘inhuman and degrading’.it's very difficult for a thief to prove that holding a sign in front of Wal-Mart is ‘cruel and unusual’.”

41.James Connolly was accused of all the following crimes EXCEPT

A.illegally possessing alcoh01

B.smuggling drugs

C.drinking at an illegal age

D.making too much noise at a party

42.Which of the following punishments does NOT morally condemn a criminal?

A.Holding a sign that announces his or her crime

B.Publishing his or her name on a website

C.Apologizing for the crime in front of Wal—Mart

D.Having to do useful work to help others without being paid

43.In the novel The Scarlet Letter, a woman is accused of

A.corruption

B.bribery

C.adultery

D.thee

44.The word “suggest’ in Paragraph10 could be best replaced by

A.propose

B.indicate

C.assume

D.explain

45.What does US law forbid?

A.Cruel and unusual punishments

B.lnhuman punishments

C.Degrading punishments

D.Shaming punishments

第四篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类C级真题及答案

2012年职称英语综合类C级真题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The storm caused severe damage.A．physical

B．accidental

C．serious

D．environmental

2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early

A．selected

B．operated

C．developed

D．discovered

3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers

A．real

B．main

C．only

D．practical

4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy

A．gathered

B．watched

C．shouted

D．walked

5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia

A．gradual

B．regular

C．direst

D．occasional

6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers

A．wild

B．fresh

C．lovely

D．false

7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply

A．typical

B．complete

C．clean

D．clear

8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply

A．critically

B．helplessy

C．politely

D．quickly

9、She only needs a minute amount of money

A．certain

B．fair

C．full

D．small

10、Keep your passport in a secure place

A．special

B．good

C．safe

D．different

11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport

A．encouraged

B．allowed

C．called

D．advised

12、Did she accept his research proposal?

A．invitation

B．plan

C．offer

D．view

13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb

A．covered

B．destroyed

C．reduced

D．moved

14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account

A．leave

B．pay

C．put

D．draw

15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious

A．hate

B．need

C．love

D．pity 【答案】：CDCAB，DCADC，ABBDD 第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Brotherly Love

Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world.But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker.They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in.Rudolph always said, 'You cannot play sports wearing shoes that you'd walk around town with.' So they started making their own.In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes（钉），produced on the Dasslers' kitchen table.On lst July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years.The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germany's athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.But in 1948 the brothers argued.No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women.The result was that Adolph left the company.His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too.At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat.The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years.Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma.A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company.The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago, the town has been split into two.Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees don't talk to each other.16.Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

17.The brothers’ father was a ball maker.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

18.The brothers make shoes at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

19.The brothers argued about the shoes.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

20.The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

21.Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

22.People in town have forgotten their argument.【答案】：BBABACB 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Who Built Giza’s Pyramids（金字塔）? For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture.But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure.But archeologists（考古学家）recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids.Close by, there was also a cemetery（墓地）where pyramid builders were buried.From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.Ordinary Egyptians built them.It took about eighty years to build the pyramids.According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task.The workers had different roles.Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.People also worked on different teams, each with its own name.On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote “Friends of Khufu.” Teams often competed to do a job faster.Life for these workers was hard.“We can see that in their skeletons（骨架）,” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery.The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery.The damage to their bones is similar to the men's.Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work.”lt's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,“ says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass.“They were building Egypt.It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”

23.Paragraph 1___A___

24.Paragraph 2___C___

25.Paragraph 3___D___

26.Paragraph 4___E___

A.Builders of the pyramids

B.Egyptian slaves

C.Pyramid builders' jobs

D.Pyramid builders' tough lives

E.An important national project

F.Female pyramid builders: the challenges

27.The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___

28.To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___

29.Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___

30.The pyramid builders were proud ___E___

A.of their king

B.from taking heavy things

C.on different teams

D.by foreigners

E.of their work

F.by ordinary Egyptians 第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

From Ponzi to Madoff

The year was 1920.The country was the United States of America.The man's name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead, they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example, a savings account might pay you $5 a year for every $100 you deposit.Ponzi, however, would pay you $40 a year for every $100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However, he also kept a lot of the money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft, and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn't think anything was wrong.Ponzi paid them every month, just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day, he didn't have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime, and he went to prison for fraud.Ninety years later, people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money, he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals, schools, and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years, people gave him $170 billion.However, no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Madoff their money also didn't think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.One day, Madoff didn't have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That's when people discovered how Madoff worked: He was taking money from some people to pay other people, just the way Charles Ponzi did.However, this time, instead of losing millions of dollars, people lost billions.Madoff was accused of fraud, and United States government officials arrested him.He didn't have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009, a judge sentenced him t0 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff's crime was even bigger than Ponzi's.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear: When something seems too good to be true, it probably is!

31.For every $100, Ponzi promised to pay people

A.$5 a year.B.$20 a year.C.$40 a year.D.$100 a year.32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

A.He spent it all on things for himself.B.He used some of it to pay other people.C.He deposited it all in a bank.D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.33.What was Ponzi's crime?

A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.B.He gave people more than the bank did.C.He kept a lot of other people's money for himself.D.He did not pay people their interests.34.How long did Madoffs tricks last?

A.Forty years.B.Four year.C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.35.Why didn't Madoff have to go on trial?

A.The officiais couldn't find any evidence against him.B.He had friends in the government who helped him.C.He admitted he was guilty.D.He returned all the illegal money.【答案】：CBDAC

第二篇

Puerto Rican Cuisine（菜肴）

Puerto Rico, a Caribbean(加勒比海区)island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own.Immigration（移民）to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it.However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico.Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents(啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves.Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes.The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island.Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes.In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous forwas actually imported by foreigners to the island.A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的).lt's true that chili peppers are popular;aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy.However, milder(微辣的)tastes are popular too, such as sofrito.As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices.It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.36、who lived in Puerto Rico first

A．the Africans

B．the Spanish

C．the Americans

D．the Taino people

37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to

A．immigration

B．Caribbean history

C．the island’s natural beauty

D．Puerto Rican cuisine

38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

B．Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican

C．Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

D．African foods have probably had the most influence

39、How is sofrito used？

A．It is eaten before meals

B．It is added to other dishes

C．It is used where foods are too spicy

D．It is eaten as a main dish

40、which of the following is NOT true?

A．softito is a type of extremely spicy food

B．Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

C．Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

D．Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper 【答案】：DDCBA

第三篇

The Changing Middle Class

The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation.However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges（特权）.It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor，but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate.In addition, middle-class morality（道德观）embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses now worked, as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains on the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.41.This passage gives information about

A.a social and economic group.B.an individual.C.a political organization.D.a government department.42.In the years after World War II, the middle class were

A.overburdened and in debt.B.hard working and doubtful.C.happy and full of hope.D.young and upset.43.One important middle-class value is that

A.people should always have fun.B.children should believe in themselves.C.debt is nothing to worry about.D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.44.In the second paragraph, the word ”collectively' means

A.hesitatingly.B.unknowingly.C.weakly.D.commonly.45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class

A.took pleasure in raising children.B.had a regular journey to work.C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.D.could easily maintain their lifestyles.【答案】：ACDDC 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Forests for Cities

You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan.The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here.____(46)You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests.Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.___(47)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.Urban forests also have many good effects on people.They make the city more beautiful.In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature._____(48)

In some countries, people are starting new urban forests.In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London.It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast.Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.____(49)

Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better.Scientists found that commuters(通勤人员)feel more relaxed when they can see trees.Trees are even good for business.______(50)In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger.In the megacities(超大城市)of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life.Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.A．People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees

B．In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises

C．But you are not in rural area

D．Trees take pollution out of the air

E．In 2033，it will have 5 million trees F．It has many kinds of birds in the country 【答案】：CDBEA 第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Traffic in Our Cities

The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand.This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk ______(51)accidents.Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to______(52)（变化）their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible ______(53)is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by ______(54)charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who ______(55)the law.In addition, drivers could be ______(56)（变化）to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.This system, ______(57)as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a ______(58)of cities, using a special electronic card ______(59)to the windscreen of the car.Another way of ______(60)with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the ______(61)of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre.Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus ______(62)（变化）for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important ______(63)is to provide good public transport.However, to get people to ______(64)the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares ______(65)at an acceptable level.51.A.of B.for C.about D.by

52.A.acquire B.form C.support D.change

53.A.manner B.approach C.custom D.style

54.A.enlarging B.increasing C.growing D.developing

55.A.destroys B.breaks C.refuses D.rejects

56.A.allowed B.advised C.required D.controlled

57.A.designed B.known C.seen D.called

58.A.quantity B.total C.sum D.number

59.A.fixed B.joined C.built D.placed

60.A.doing B.handling C.solving D.dealing

61.A.border B.outside C.limit D.outskirts

62.A.service B.station C.route D.fare

63.A.thought B.case C.event D.thing

64.A.in B.up C.off D.out

65.A.taken B.blocked C.kept D.given 【答案】：ADBBB，CBDAD，DADBC

第五篇：2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析(理工类B级)

哦已经然后难道法

2011年职称英语等级考试真题(理工类B级)

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共1 5分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Mr.Henley has accelerated his sate of shares over the past year.A.held

B.offered

C.increased

D.expected

2.Marsha confessed that she knew nothing of computer.A.hoped

B.admitted

C.reported

D.answered

3.The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A.general

B.traditional

C.magnificent

D.strong

4.The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A.choice

B.idea

C.decision

D.reason

5.At that time，we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.A.understand

B.give

C.attach

D.lose

6.They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A.reduced

B.moved

C.reformed

D.turned

7.Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A.doubting

哦已经然后难道法

B.thinking

C.saying

D.knowing

8.We need to extract the relevant financial data.A.store

B.save

C.obtain

D.review

9.Jane said that she couldn‟t tolerate the long hours.A.stand

B.spend

C.take

D.last

10.We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A.offered

B.included

C.investigated

D.accepted

11.His shoes were shined to perfection.A.polished

B.cleared

C.washed

D.mended

12.She always finds fault with everything.A.criticizes

B.simplifies

C.evaluates

D.examines

13.We have to act within the existing legal framework.A.limit

B.procedure

C.status

D.system

14.The high-speed trains can have a major impact on our lives.A.effort

B.problem

哦已经然后难道法

C.concern

D.influence

15.The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A.relative

B.continuous

C.general

D.sharp 第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16.Scientists have been keeping records of lake temperatures for over 30 years.A.Right

B.Wrong

哦已经然后难道法

C.Not mentioned

17.The temperatures of lakes around the world have increased greatly between 1985 and 2009.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.Lakes seem to be warming faster in Asia.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.A slight temperature increase in a lake could be harmful to fish.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.Scientists generally focus on air temperatures when studying global warming.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.Global warming is less threatening to small countries.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.UNFCCC‟s annual meeting will be held in Mexico this year.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned 第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

哦已经然后难道法

23.Paragraph 2 __________

24.Paragraph 3 __________

25.Paragraph 4 __________

26.Paragraph 5 __________

A．Online stores

B．Differences from iPhone

C．Display and data connection

D．Business usage

E．Features and applications

F．Operating system

27.In April 2010 the iPad developed by Apple was __________．

28.The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not __________．

29.iPad applications enable the owner‟s email accounts to be __________．

30.iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be __________．

A．modified

哦已经然后难道法

B．increased

C．personalized

D．browsed

E．distributed

F．released

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

31.People buy cell phones for the following reasons EXCEPT that

A.they‟re popular.B.they‟re useful.C.they‟re convenient.D.they‟re cheap.32.The word“detected”in paragraph 3 could be best replaced by

哦已经然后难道法

A.cured.B.removed.C.caused.D.discovered.33.The salesman retired young because

A.he disliked using mobile phones.B.he couldn‟t remember simple tasks.C.he was tired of talking on his mobile phone.D.his employer‟s doctor persuaded him to.34.On the safety issue of mobile phones，the manufacturing companies

A.deny the existence of mobile phone radiation.B.develop new technology to reduce mobile phone radiation.C.try to prove that mobile phones are not harmful to health.D.hold that the amount of radiation is too small to worry about.35.The writer‟s purpose of writing this article is to advise people

A.to buy mobile phones.B.to update regular phones.C.to stop using mobile phones.D.to use mobile phones less often，哦已经然后难道法

36.“Spider”and“bird”mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrate

A.animals are people‟s friends.B.there are numerous living species on Earth.C.it is easy to see spiders and birds.D.there are many types of spiders and birds.37.The goal of the creation of the EoL is to

A.collect enough data to analyze the living species on Earth.B.work out an easy-to-use catalog of every living species on Earth.C.enlarge an existing website of the living species on Earth.D.add new information to the existing databases of the living species on Earth.38.At the starting stage the EoL will get information from

A.all the websites available.B.databases built up by its creators.C.the existing scientific databases.D.non-scientists with specialized knowledge.39.The word “novice” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by

A.beginner.哦已经然后难道法

B.scientist.C.creator.D.expert.40.Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Scientists have cataloged only a small part of the living species on Earth.B.The EoL will be beneficial to school kids with its development.C.Scientists will review every piece of the information added to the EoL.D.People with different interests and knowledge will in a way find the EoL useful.41.Unlike other animals in zoos，zoo-raised elephants

A.live a long life.B.give birth to many babies.C.develop poor health.D.have difficulty getting food.42.Which of the following about the scientists‟ study is NOT true?

哦已经然后难道法

A.They compared zoo-born elephants with wild elephants.B.They analyzed the records of 800 elephants kept in zoos.C.The zoo-born elephants they studied were kept in European zoos.D.They kept detailed records of all the elephants in their care.43.It was found that，compared with female wild elephants，female zoo-born elephants

A.lived longer.B.grew up faster.C.died much earlier.D.enjoyed the same life spans.44.One of the possible reasons for the zoo-raised elephants‟ problems is that

A.they do not get proper food.B.they do too much exercise.C.they live in large herds.D.they do not live in family groups.45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

A.zoo-born elephants should be looked after more carefully.B.zoos should keep more animals except elephants.C.it may not be wise to keep elephants in zoos.D.elephants are no longer an endangered species.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

哦已经然后难道法

A.He also received a Medal of Honor.the highest United States military decoration.B.Eighty years ago，radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.C.Working with an aviation company from San Diego，California，and with financial help from the city of St.Louis，Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey，D.Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St，Louis，Missouri.E.He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he learned to be a pilot.F.His childhood was not full of fond memories.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

哦已经然后难道法

51.A.diagnose

B.increase

C.examine

D.treat

52.A.financial

B.material

C.emotional

D.political

53.A.Whatever

B.Although

C.Since

D.If

哦已经然后难道法

54.A.road

B.term

C.journey

D.distance

A.affect

B.judge

C.lead

D.study

A.located

B.moved

C.exposed

D.mixed

A.groups

B.sets

C.species

D.versions

A.beauty

B.state

C.world

D.activity

A.time

B.courage

C.trouble

D.energy

A.tellers

B.improvers

C.creators

D.designers

哦已经然后难道法

A.not

B.than

C.but

D.that

A.at

B.in

C.about

D.without

63.A.association

B.cooperation

C.difference

D.agreement

64.A.probably

B.principally

C.occasionally

D.scarcely

65.A.important

B.meaningless

C.illogical

D.friendly 2011年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案及解析(理工类B级)

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题．每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．C

【解析】题意：在过去的一年，亨利先生快速地抛售了他的股票。划线词词义是“加速”。

A项held意为拥有；例句：The city is held by the enemy．这座城市已被敌人占领。

B项offered意为提供；例句：I offered her a range of opinions．我向她提供了一系列看法。

C项increased意为增加。例句：Rising prices neutralized increased wages．上涨的物价使

哦已经然后难道法

增加的工资化为乌有。

D项expected意为预料；例句：The doctor‟s fee was higher than we expected．这位医生的收费比我们预料的高。

很明显C项正确。

2．B

【解析】题意：玛莎承认她对电脑一无所知。划线词的词义是“承认”。

A项hoped意为希望；例句：Things are not moving as fast as we hoped．事情的进展不像我们希望的那么快。

B项admitted意为承认；例句：Of course，part of the challenge is her admitted difficulty with acting in English．当然，一部分困难是她自己承认的用英语表演的困难。

C项reported意为报道；例句：It is reported that 20 people were killed in the accident．这次事故据报道有20人死亡。

D项answered意为回答。例句：The question is simple enough to answer．这个问题很简单，容易回答。

很明显B项正确。

3．C

【解析】题意：从我的卧室的窗子眺望可以看到非常壮观的景色。划线词词义是“壮观的，壮丽的”。

A项general意为总的，全面的；例句：I get the general impression that they aren‟t very happy．我对他们的总体印象是他们过得并不是很幸福。

B项traditional意为传统的，惯例的；例句：It‟s a garden in the traditional Victorian style．这是一个传统的维多利亚风格的花园。

C项magnificent意为宏大的，堂皇的；例句：The museum that we visited is very magnificent．我们参观的博物馆是很宏伟。

D项strong意为强壮的，有力的。例句：I was surprised to find that the strong man liked to eat conserves．我很惊讶地发现这个强壮的男人喜欢吃蜜饯。

很明显C项正确。

4．D

【解析】题意：警方认为谋杀的动机是妒忌。划线词词义是“动机，动因”。

A项choice意为选择，挑选；例句：The choice rests entirely with you．这完全由你来选择。

B项idea意为主意，念头；例句：It would be a good idea to go swimming in the pond．到池塘里去游泳倒是个好主意。

C项decision意为决定，决议；例句：We can‟t reach a decision without our chairman．主席不在场，我们无法做出决定．

哦已经然后难道法

D项reason意为原因；动机。例句：That is the reason why I don‟t like it．那就是我不喜欢它的原因。

很明显D项正确。

5．A

【解析】题意：当时我们没有完全理解所发生事情的重要性。划线词词义是“抓住；领会，理解”。

A项understand意为理解，领悟。例句：I don‟t understand what you‟re talking about．我不明白你在说什么。

B项give意为给；例句：Have you given the waiter a tip?你给侍者小费了吗?

C项attach意为附上，加上；例句：1 attach a copy of my notes for your information．我附上笔记一份供你参考。

D项lose意为丢失，丧失；例句：I lost my wallet yesterday．我昨天丢了钱包。很明显A项正确。

6．D

【解析】题意：他们把空闲的卧室改成了一间办公室。划线词词义是“转换。改造”。

A项reduced意为减少；例句：They are selling the goods under the counter at reduced prices．他们正在削价偷偷出售商品。

B项moved意为移动；例句：The army is on the move。军队在移动。

C项reformed意为改革；改良；例句：Because of his encouragement，she won the best designer by her reformed cheongsam．因为他的鼓励．她以她的改良式旗袍赢得了最佳设计师奖。

D项turned意为改变，使改成。例句：Nothing will ever turn him from his purpose．什么也不能使他改变目标。

很明显D项正确。

7．C

【解析】题意：安德森离开了桌子。同时说他有些工作要去做。划线词词义是“说，讲”。

A项doubting意为怀疑；例句：I doubt the truth of it．我怀疑此事的真实性。

B项thinking意为想；例句：Independent thinking is an absolute necessity．独立思考是绝对必要的。

C项saying意为说；例句：Be quiet，I have something to say to you．安静，我有话要对你们讲。

D项knowing意为知道。例句：There‟s no knowing what they will do．没法知道他们会做些什么。很明显C项正确．

8．C

【解析】题意：我们需要获取相关的财政数据。划线词词义是“提取，获取”。

A项store意为贮存；例句：The barn can store five tons of grain．这个谷仓能放五吨粮食。

哦已经然后难道法

B项save意为节省；例句：I lent him my bike in order that he could save time．我把自行车借给他，以便他能节省一些时间。

C项obtain意为获得；例句：He failed to obtain a scholarship．他没有获得奖学金。

D项review意为复习。例句：Before the examination we have a review of the term‟s work．考试之前，我们复习了这学期的功课。

很明显C项正确。

9．A

【解析】题意：简说她无法忍受这么长时间。划线词词义是“忍受，容忍”。

A项stand意为站立；忍受；例句：I can‟t stand him anymore．He is talking all the time．我再也没法

忍受他。他一直喋喋不休。

B项spend意为花费；例句：You really shouldn‟t spend so much effort on it．你真不该在这件事上花费这么大的精力。

C项take意为拿，取；例句：Please take the trash to the garbage can．请将垃圾拿到垃圾筒去。

D项last意为持续。例句：The hot weather lasted until September．炎热的天气持续到九月。很明显A项正确。

10．C

【解析】题意：在会上，我们研究了扩建的可能性。划线词词义是“调查，研究”。

A项offered意为提供；例句：If she was offered the job she‟d take it．如果提供给她这个工作，她就会接受。

B项included意为包括；例句：The bill came to $467，tax included．账单共计467美元，含税。

C项investigated意为调查，研究。例句：The police are investigating the murder．警察正在调查这件谋杀案。

D项accepted意为接受；例句：I accepted it cheerily．我高兴地接受了。很明显C项正确。

哦已经然后难道法

11．A

【解析】题意：他的鞋擦得很亮。

划线词词义是“使发光，使发亮”；擦亮(皮鞋等)。

A项polished意为擦亮；抛光；例句：The children loved sliding round the newly polished floor．孩子们喜欢在刚擦亮的地板上溜圈子。

B项cleared意为澄清；收拾；例句：She cleared the leftovers from the table．她清掉了桌上的剩饭剩菜。

C项washed意为洗；例句：Can I put washed produce in the bag?我可以把洗过的农产品放进口袋么?

D项mended意为修补。例句：We need an electrician to mend the iron．我们要请电工修理熨斗。很明显A项正确。

12．A

【解析】题意：她总是事事挑剔。

划线部分词义是“挑剔，找毛病，批评”。

A项criticizes意为批评；例句：You should not criticize him so harshly in his face．你不应该当面

这么严厉地批评他。

B项simplifies意为简化；例句：That will simplify my task．那将简化了我的工作。

C项evaluates意为评估；例句：Let‟s evaluate the evidence．让我们评估一下此证据的价值。

D项examines意为调查；考试。例句：It is necessary to examine how the proposals can be carried out．有必要调查一下怎样才能实施这些方案。

很明显A项正确。

13．D

【解析】题意：我们必须在现有的法律框架内行事。划线词词义是“框架；组织”。

A项limit意为界限；例句：That fence is the limit of the schoolyard．那道篱笆是校园的界限。

B项procedure意为步骤；例句：The next procedure is to insert the battery．接下来的步骤是装入电池。

C项status意为状况；例句：We ask the bank to report on his financial status．我们请银行报告他的财政状况。

D项system意为体系；组织。例句：The drainage system has been aged．排水系统已经老化了。很明显D项正确。

14．D

【解析】题意：高速列车可能对我们的生活产生很大的影响。划线词词义是“影响”。

A项effort意为努力；例句：They are making every effort to decrease the production cost．他

哦已经然后难道法

们正尽全力减少生产成本。

B项problem意为问题；例句：We had no time to deliberate on the problem．我们没有时间仔细思考这个问题．

C项concern意为关心，挂念；例句：Hardly a whisper of concern has been voiced．没有人表示过一点点的关心。

D项influence意为影响。例句：What exactly is the influence of television on children?电视对儿童究竟有什么影响?

很明显D项正确。

15．B

【解析】题意：该项研究还表明选学理科课程的大学生数量在持续下降。划线词词义是“稳定的，持续的”。

A项relative意为相关的；例句：The teacher asked me some questions relative to my paper．老师问了我一些和我的论文有关的问题。

B项continuous意为连续的；例句：The atmosphere is a continuous layer of gases．大气圈是连续的气体层。

C项general意为总的；例句：I get the general impression that they aren‟t very happy．我对他们的总体印象是他们过得并不是很幸福。

D项sharp意为急剧的。例句：The car turned sharp left．那部车向左急转弯。

很明显B项正确．

第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题。每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

16．B

【解析】题意：科学家们一直记录着湖泊温度的变化已超过30多年。

关键词为Scientists科学家们；keeping records一直记录；lake temperatures湖泊温度；for over 30 years 30多年

根据文中第2段开头的第1句：“科学家们近来利用卫星来研究世界上湖泊温度的变化，而且发现湖温正在上升。”第2句的开头：“在1985至2009年间，……”，可看出共“24年”，而且下一句直接就写“在这24年期间”。由此可判断错误，选B项。

17．A

【解析】题意：从1985至2009，世界湖泊的温度已大大上升了。

关键词为The temperatures of lakes湖泊温度；have increased greatly大大增加了；between 1985 and 2009从1985至2009

根据文中第2段的第2、3行：“从1985至2009，……。在这24年间，湖泊的温度变

哦已经然后难道法

得更高了……。”

以此可判断应选A项正确。

18．C

【解析】题意：亚洲湖泊的温度似乎上升得更快。

关键词为Lakes湖泊；be warming faster升温更快；in Asia在亚洲

通读全文可知，“Asia(亚洲)”在全文中没有出现，以此可判断选C项，没有提及。

19．A

【解析】题意：湖泊温度略有上升都有可能毒害鱼类。

关键词为A slight temperature increase温度略有上升；harmful to fish毒害鱼类

根据文中第3段的最后1句：“湖温略有上升就会产生大量的水藻，而水藻又可使湖水对鱼类造成毒害。”以此可判断选A项正确。

20．A

【解析】题意：当科学家们研究全球变暖时，他们通常集中研究的是空气温度。关键词为Scientists科学家们；focus on集中；air temperatures空气温度

根据文中第4段的第2行：“……因为科学家们经常利用对空气温度的测量来研究地球是如何变暖的。”以此可以判断选A项正确。

21．B

【解析】题意：全球变暖对小国威胁更小。

关键词为Global warming全球变暖；less threatening威胁更小；small countries小国

根据文中第5段的第1行：“……，由于没有一个国家会因其太大或太小而能忽视气候变化。”以此可判断错误，应选B项。

22．C

【解析】题意：今年的联合国气候变化框架协议的会议将在墨西哥举行。

关键词为UNFCCC‟s annual meeting联合国气候变化框架协议的会议；in Mexico在墨西哥通读文章可知，在全文中找不到“Mexico(墨西哥)”一词，以此可以判断没有提及，选C项。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题。每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

23．F

【解析】第2段的第1句：“The iPad的操作系统与iPod Touch和iPhone的相同。”以此判断F项Operating system操作系统，正确。

24．C

【解析】第3段的第1句：“…，the iPad是由多次触击显示控制的……。”第2句：“The iPad利用无线数据连接……。”以此来判断C项Display and data connection显示和数据连接，正确。

25．E

哦已经然后难道法

【解析】第4段的第1句：“iPad具有不同的特点和应用程序……。”以此判断E项Features and applications特点和应用程序，正确。

26．D

【解析】第5段的第1句：“……，行业人员也在采用iPad。”以此判断D项Business usage行业使用，正确。

27．F

【解析】题意：2010年4月，由苹果公司研发的iPad__________。根据文中第1段的最后1句，很明显应接F项released推出(问世)。

28．A

【解析】题意：如果不__________，iPad只能按苹果公司批准的程序来运行。

根据文中第2段的最后1句，很明显应选A项modified更改。

29．C

【解析】题意：使用iPad可以__________用户的电子邮件帐户。

根据文中第4段的最后1句，很明显应选C项personalized个人化。

30．B

【解析】题意：办公室内使用iPad能够使雇员的生产效率__________。根据文中最后1段的最后1句，很明显应选B项increased增加。

第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇

31．D

【解析】题意：人们因下列原因而买手机，除哪一项之外。

题干中的关键词为“buy cell phones买手机；EXCEPT除…之外”。

在第1段的第2行查到A项；在最后1段的第3行查到B项和C项。以此判断D项正确。

32．D

【解析】题意：第3段中的“detected”一词可由下列哪一项替换最好?

题干中的关键词为“could be best replaced by由…替换最好”。detect的词义是：“发觉，发现”。

A项治疗；B项移动；C项引起；D项发现。故选D项。

33．B

【解析】题意：年轻的推销员离职了。因为__________。

题干中的关键词为“The salesman retired推销员离职了；because因为”。

根据文中第3段的第4行：“一个很年轻的流动推销员因严重的记忆丧失而不得不离职。”以此判断B项正确。

34．D

【解析】题意：有关手机的安全问题，制造公司__________。

题干中的关键词为“On the safety issue有关安全问题；the manufacturing companies制造公司”。

根据文中第4段的最后1句：“手机公司认为，手机的确有辐射，但辐射量很小无需担忧”。以此判断D项正确。

35．D

【解析】题意：作者写本文的目的是建议人们__________。

题干中的关键词为“The writer‟s purpose作者的目的；to advise people建议人们”。

哦已经然后难道法

根据最后1段的第1句：“随着有关安全问题讨论的继续，似乎最好少用手机。”最后1句：“因此，就目前而言最聪明的做法是少用手机。”以此判断D项正确。

第二篇

36．B

【解析】题意：第1段中提到的“蜘蛛”和“鸟”是为说明__________而举的例子。

题干中的关键词为“Spider蜘蛛；bird鸟；paragraph 1(第1段)；to illustrate说明。”

根据文中第1段的2—4行：“由于有那么多的植物、动物和其他生物分布在这颗星球上，所以很难指出到底是什么类型的蜘蛛爬到你的腿上或什么种类的鸟飞过你的身旁。”以此判断B项正确。

37．B

【解析】题意：开发生命百科全书的目的是__________。

题干中的关键词为“The goal目标；the EoL生命百科全书。”

根据文中第2段的第3行：“该项目旨在(目的在于)以单

一、易用的参考为指导来编目地球上的每一个物种。”以此判断B项正确。

38．C

【解析】题意：在初始阶段，生命百科全书将从__________来获取信息。

题干中的关键词为“the starting stage开始阶段；the EoL生命百科全书；get information获取信息。”

根据文中第3段的1—2行：“为启动该百科全书，开发者将利用现有的科学数据库的信息。”以此判断C项正确。

39．A

【解析】题意：第5段中的“novice”一词可由下列哪一项替换最好。

题干中的关键词为“„novice‟；in paragraph 5在第5段中；be best replaced by由…替换最好。”novice的词义是：“初学者”。

A项初学者；B项科学家；C项创立者；D项专家。故选A项。

40．A

【解析】题意：下列哪一项陈述不真实?题干中的关键词为“NOT true不真实”

B项在4段1行；D项在5段1—2行；C项在4段3行。以此判断应选A项。第三篇

41．C

【解析】题意：不像动物园内的其他动物，国内饲养的大象__________。

题干中的关键词为“unlike不像；zoo—raised elephants动物园饲养的大象。”

根据文中第2段的1—2行：“科学家们已经发现动物园内的大象面临着很多的健康问题。”以此判断应选C项。

42.D

【解析】题意：有关科学家们的研究，下列哪一项不真实?

题干中的关键词为“the scientists‟ study科学家们的研究；NOT true不真实。”

A项在3段的1—3行；B项和C项在3段的5—6行。是“动物园”而不是“科学家们”保留了详尽纪录，因此该题应选D项。

43．C

【解析】题意：已发现，与野生雌性大象相比，园内所生雌性大象__________。

题干中的关键词为“compared with与…相比较；female wild elephants野生雌性大象；female zoo—born elephants园内所生雌性大象。”

根据文中第4段的1—3行：“研究小组发现，动物园出生的非洲雌象平均寿命是16.9年。而自然死亡的野生大象平均寿命是56年—是动物园大象的3倍多。”以此判断应选C

哦已经然后难道法

项。44．D

【解析】题意：动物园内饲养大象所存在问题的一个可能原因是__________。题干中的关键词为“reasons原因；the zoo—raised elephants‟ problems园内饲养大象的问题。”

根据文中第5段的最后1句：“动物园大象的社会生活也很不同，不像野生大象那样过着群居的生活。”以此可以判断应选D项。

45．C

【解析】题意：从最后1段可以推断出 __________。

题干中的关键词为“be inferred from从……可以推断出；the last paragraph最后1段。”

最后一段“该项研究提出了是否应该把更多的大象关在动物园内的问题。”“虽然…似乎大象并非如此。”以此判断应选C项。

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题。每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

46．B

【解析】句意：八十年前，广播和电影才刚刚开始对美国人起着那种作用。

此空白处的上一句：“虽然媒体和名人在当今生活中起着如此重要的作用，但并不是历来如此。”很明显应补入B项。

47．E

【解析】句意：他退了学并搬到了内布拉斯加州，在那里他学习成为一名飞行员。空白处的前一句：“然而，到了二十岁，林德伯格开始对飞行着迷。”很明显应补入E项。

48．D

【解析】句意：林德伯格利用这一次的额外培训获得了一份作为航空邮递员的工作，并开始飞离了密苏里州的圣•路易斯。

此空白处的前一句：“他参了军，并以第一名的成绩从飞行训练班毕业。”很明显应补入D项。

49．C

【解析】句意：由于参加了加利福尼亚州圣地亚哥航空公司的工作，并得到了圣•路易斯市的财政资助，林德伯格得到一架定制的飞机，这才能够得以飞行。

此空白处的上一句：“…，可是没有任何飞机能够飞行那么远、那么长时间。”很明显应补入C项。

50．A

【解析】句意：他还获得了一枚荣誉勋章，这是美国最高的军事勋章。

此空白处的上一句：“当林德伯格返回美国时，他受到了热烈欢迎。”很明显应补入A项

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题。每题1分。共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

51．选B项increase(增加)。

【解析】句意：“……科学家们发现吸烟实际上有可能增加一些青少年的抑郁情绪。”A项diagnose(诊断)；C项examine(检查)和D项treat(治疗)，很明显应选B项。

52．选C项emotional(情绪上的)。

【解析】句意：“这项研究是检验吸烟是否会给青少年带来精神欢愉的几项研究之一。”

A项financial(金融的)；B项material(材料的)和D项political(政治上的)，很明显应选C项。

53．选B项Although(虽然，尽管)。

哦已经然后难道法

【解析】句意：“虽然吸烟在短时间内能起到自我治疗的作用或能振奋精神，但……有更多的抑郁情绪。”分析此句可以看出从句与主句之间是让步关系，故应选B项。

54．选B项term(期限)。

【解析】句意：“……，从长期来看，我们发现吸烟的青少年往往有更多的抑郁情绪。”

in the long term的意思是“从长期来看”。A项road(路)；C项journey(旅途)和D项distance(距离)都不适合。

55．选A项affect(影响)。

【解析】句意：“……关于他们吸烟对情绪的影响。”

B项judge(判断)；C项lead(引导)和D项study(研究)都不适合。

56．选A项located(位于)。

【解析】句意：“他们就读的学校有城市的，也有乡村的，并分布在高档、中档和低档的不同社区。”B项moved(移动)；C项exposed(暴露)和D项mixed(混合)都不适合。

57．选A项groups(组)。

【解析】句意：“参与调查者分成三组。”

B项sets(套)；C项species{(物)种)和D项versions(版本；变化形式)都不适合。

58．选B项state(状况，状态)。

【解析】句意：“……，一组吸烟但不是为了自我治疗、调节情绪或改善身体状态。”A项beauty(美，漂亮)；C项world(世界)和D项activity(活动)都不适合。

59．选C项trouble(难于)。

【解析】句意：“……感到过于倦怠而不想做事；多久会出现难于入睡甚至不能入睡的情况。”A项time(时间)；B项courage(勇气，胆量)和D项energy(能量)都不适合。

60．选B项improvers(改善物)。

【解析】句意：“通过吸烟缓解抑郁的吸烟者比不吸烟的青少年更容易加重抑郁情绪。”A项tellers(讲述者)；C项creators(创造者)和D项designers(设计者)都不适合。

61．选B项than(比……)。

【解析】句意：“……的吸烟者比起从不吸烟的青少年更易加重抑郁情绪。”

A项not(不，否定)；C项but(可是，但是)和D项that(那个)都不合乎要求。

62．选A项at。

【解析】句意：“我们的研究发现，问卷反馈回来的那些通过吸烟来获得精神慰藉的青少年更容易加重抑郁情绪。”

at the risk of(冒着……风险)。B项in(在……里)；C项about(关于；大约)和D项without(没有)都不适合。

63．选A项association(联系)。

【解析】句意：“抑郁与吸烟之间的联系主要体现在那些利用吸烟来愉悦心情的青少年身上。”B项cooperation(合作)；C项difference(差别)和D项agreement(协定)都不适合。

64．选B项principally(主要地)。

【解析】句意：“抑郁与吸烟之间的联系主要体现在那些利用吸烟来愉悦心情的青少年身上。”A项probably(大概，或许)；C项occasionally(偶然地)和D项scarcely(几乎不)都不适合。

65．选A项important(重要的)。

【解析】句意：“值得重视的是，那些在问卷中反映吸烟能带来精神安慰的青少年，他们在问卷中所得的抑郁评分也较高，”查顿博士说。

B项meaningless(无意义的)；C项illogical(无意义的)和D项friendly(友好的)都不适合。