2012年全国职称英语考试综合B级试题及答案

第一篇：2012年全国职称英语考试综合B级试题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.All the walls in the building had the same layout.A.size

B.function

C.color

D.arrangment

答案：D

2.The storm caused severe damage.A.physical

B.accidental

C.serious

D.enviromental

答案：C

3.The walls are made of hollow concret blocks.A.big

B.empty

C.long

D.new

答案：B

4.Our aim was to update the health service and we succeeded.A.offer

B.provide

C.modernize

D.fund

答案：C

5.Do we have to wear these name tags?

A.lists

B.forms

C.lables

D.codes

答案：C

6.Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted‖Joe,Joe,Joe‖

A.repeated

B.jumped

C.maintained

D.approached

答案：A

7.He inspired many young people to take up sports.A.encouraged

B.allowed

C.called

D.advised

答案：A

8.The city center was wiped out by the bomb.A.covered

B.reduced

C.destroyed

D.moved

答案：C

9.Most baby can take in a wide range of food easily.A.bring

B.digest

C.keep

D.serve

答案：B

10.A larg crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A.watched

B.shouted

C.gathered

D.walked

答案：C

11.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.fresh

B.hot

C.heavy

D.windy

答案：A

12.What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A.shocks

B.influences

C.confuses

D.concerns

答案：C

13.I think $7 a drink is a bit steep, don’t you?

A.tight

B.low

C.cheap

D.high

答案：D

14.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A.need

B.hate

C.love

D.pity

答案：D

15.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A.slightly

B.partly

C.faintly

D.completely

答案：D 第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Brotherly Love

1.Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.-------Wrong

2.The brothers’ father was a ball maker.-------Wrong

3.The brothers make shoes at home.-------Right

4.The brothers argued about the shoes.-------Wrong

5.The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.-------Right

6.Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.-------Not mentioned

7.People in town have forgotten their argument.-------Wrong

第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

How technology pushes down price(原文有删减)

The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg.The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%.The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan.As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one.But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded.More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital;it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper.Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop(see chart 4).Genetically modified(GM)seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles ―Turnip‖ Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation.Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century.The railway opened up the American mid-west.The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse.After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice(which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over)boosted developing-country output.The ―green revolution‖ helped trigger a more recent ―livestock revolution‖, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute.Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries.By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971.Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries.Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do.Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology.Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution.Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles;and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment.In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France.The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop.Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale.Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient.And their size allows them to buy in bulk.The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition.Britain's Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players.In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the ―black death‖, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims.Wal-Mart's scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage.It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors' price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kellogg's Corn Flakes for 56%.Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain.Once upon a time, power lay with landlords.In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers.Lord Haskins, Tony Blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chainNo longer.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chain.But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars.They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down.Wal-Mart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse.Tesco, Britain's biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London.Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars.One of the manifestations of retailers' power(which also reinforces it)is the growth of private-label(ie, supermarket-not producer-branded)goods.In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain.Retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producer's brand.As own-label has expanded, so supermarkets have been taking all but the most successful brands off their shelves.―If you are a must-have brand it's fine,‖ says Dido Harding, Tesco's commercial director.―If you're a sub-global brand, life's much harder.‖The shift in power to retailers has put pressure on producers' margins, hence huge programmes of cuts.Since 2000, Uni-lever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of minor brands as part of its ―path to growth‖ strategy.Cadbury is the latest to announce big cuts: in October it said that it will be shutting 20% of its 133 factories and cutting 10% of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts should help keep costs, and thus the price of food, low.Does cheap food make people unhealthy? In some ways.Hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instance—vegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atoms—is the nutritionists' current bête noire.Widely used as a cheap substitute for butter and cream, it is the main dietary source of trans fats.Trans fats are heavily implicated in heart disease;companies are taking them out of products for fear of lawsuits.Cheap food may also make people eat more.In a paper entitled ―Why have Americans become more obese?‖ David Cutler, Jesse Shapiro and Edward Glaeser, a group of Harvard economists, note that, among OECD countries, obesity is correlated to the level of regulation: the more food laws, the more protected local producers are, the harder it is to import technology, the slimmer people tend to be.They reckon that is because of price: the less regulated a country, the cheaper a Big Mac tends to be.But it could be another factor: heavily regulated countries might, for instance, be places with stronger family ties where real meals have survived and people eat fewer snacks and less fast food.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better dealFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.That is why portions have been getting larger and larger.In America, soft drinks, which used to come in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones.As Dennis Lombardi of Technomic, a food-industry consultancy in Chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.―If I can give you an 8oz portion for $7, I can give you a 12oz portion for $8.The only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents.‖ Everybody, therefore, has done it.Scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, fed subjects macaroni cheese, some in 2.5-cup portions, some in 5-cup portions.The ones with the big portions ate 27% more, on average, than those with small portions but did not report feeling any fuller.Brian Wansink at the University of Illinois found that if you give movie-goers an extra-large bucket of popcorn, they eat nearly half as much again as if you give them the next size down, even if the popcorn is stale.Now companies are under pressure to stop selling people more for less.But it is a hard trend to reverse, as Mr Lombardi points out.―How about I give you a third less food for $1 less? I don't think so.‖

23.Paragraph 1

24.Paragraph 2

25.Paragraph 3

26.Paragraph 4

A.Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs

B.Consumers like supermarkets

C.Technology helps reduce food prices

D.Food comes cheaper in larger portions

E.Chain stores provide better service

F.Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___

28.Some food producers have reduced___

29.Besides cutting its workforce, Unilever also abandoned its___

30.Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___

A.their workforce

B.huge portions

C.large quantities

D.their money

E.a good barging

F.minor brands

答案：

23.C technology helps reduce food prices

24.F bigger supermarkets offer lower prices

25.A.Huge retailers force producers to cut costs

26.D.food comes cheaper in larger portions

27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy ___.答案为C: in bulk = in large quantities

28.Some forced producers have reduced ___答案为F。minor brands

29.Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its ____答案为A.their workforce

30.Buyers like big portions because they think they have got ___.答案为E。a good bargain = a better deal 第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Oseola Marcaty

31.This woman shocked and inspired the world because ______.A.she had managed to save so much money

B.she gave her money to African Americans

C.she gave her life savings to help others through university

D.she only spent money on cheap things

答案：A

32.She managed to save so much money because ______.A.she had ironed and washed clothes all her life

B.she had worked hard, saved hard and invested carefully

C.she had opened a good bank account

D.she knew how to make money

答案：B

33.She gave her money away because ______.A.she wanted to help the university

B.she wanted others to have the chance to become nurses

C.she wanted others to have the opportunity to escape a hard life

D.she want to be remembered after her death

答案：C

34.When her generosity was made ______.A.people donated billions

B.hundreds of students got scholarships

C.hundreds of people put money into the fund

D.she was sent to university

答案：C

35.Marcarty’s generosity indicates clearly that

A.scholarship funds are popular in US

B.Kind-hearted people deserves doctorates

C.Selflessness exists in human society

D.Poor people can donate as much as rich people

答案：D

第二篇 From Ponzi to Madoff

36.For every $100 Ponzi promises to pay people

A.$5 a year

B.$40 a year

C.$20 a year

D.$100 a year

答案：B

37.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

A.He spent it all on things for himself.B.He used some of it to pay other people.C.He deposited it all in a bank.D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.答案：B

38.What was Ponzi’s crime?

A.He kept a lot of other peoples’ money for himself.B.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.C.He gave people more than bank allowed.D.He couldn’t pay people the interests.答案：A

39.How long did Madoff’s trick lasts

A.Four years.B.Forty years.C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.答案：B

40.Why didn’t Madoff have to go on trail?

A.He admitted he was guilty.B.The officials couldn’t find any evidence against him.C.He had friends in government who helped him.D.He returned all illegal money.答案：A

第三篇

Gross National Happiness

In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in 1972，a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases，people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH)。

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care，education，and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.More people are educated and employed.Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008，King Wangchuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow.41.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?

A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A general.D.A king.42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?

A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs.43.A country shows its progress with GNP by

A.selling more products.B.spending more money.C.spending less money.D.providing more jobs.44.According to GNH, people are happier if they

A.have new technology.B.can change their religion.C.have a good, stable government.D.have more money.45.Today, many countries are

A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.答案：

41.Who was Wangchuck?

答案为D.king

相关句(第一段)：…anew ruler called king Wangchuck…

42.Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, whatelse did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta?

答案为D.keep its traditions and customs.相关句：Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.43.A country shows its progress with GNP by ___.答案为A.selling more products

相关句：The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases people say the country is making progress.44.According to GNH, people are happier if they ___.答案为C.have a good stable government

45.Today many countries are ___.答案为D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.相关句：Many countries are interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Voice Your Opinion——Change is Needed in Youth Sports

Everywhere you look，you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet(网球拍)。And these kids are getting younger and younger.In some countries，children can compete on basketball，baseball，and volleyball teams starting at age nine.(46)And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four，to prepare children for competition.It’s true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams.(47)This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a young age often grow tired of their sport.Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it.(48)But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches.Children are not naturally competitive.In fact，a recent study by Paulo David found that most children don’t even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old.(49)

The third，and biggest，problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework，have fun，be with friends—in short，time to be kids.When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice，they often start to hate their chosen sport.A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sports before the of twelve quit before they turn eighteen.(50)Excessive competitive away all the enjoyment.Need to remember the purpose of youth sports – to give kids a chance to have developing strong，healthy bodies.46题 答案：B

47题 答案：E

48题 答案：A

49题 答案：F

50题 答案：C

A.Survey found that 79 percent of parents of young athletes wanted their children to concentrate on one sports.B.The young soccer organization has teams for children as young as five.C.Many of them completely lose interest in sports.D.Sports for children have two important purposes.E.But what about the others, the average kids?

F.Very young kids don't know why their parents are pushing them so hard?

第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Do you ever wish you were more optimistic, someone who always(51)_______ to be successful? Having someone around who always(52)_______ the worst isn’t really a lot of(53)_______.We all know someone who sees a single cloud on a sunny day and says，“It looks(54)_______ rain.” But if you catch yourself thinking such things，it's important to do something(55)_______ it.You can change your view of life，(56)_______to psychologists.It only takes a little effort，and you'll find life more rewarding as a(57)_______.Optimism，they say，is partly about self-respect and confidence but it's also a more positive way of looking at life and all it has to(58)_______.Optimists are more(59)_______ to start new projects and are generally more prepared

to take risks.Upbringing is obviously very important in forming your(60)_______to the world.Some people are brought up to(61)_______too much on others and grow up forever blaming other people when anything(62)_______wrong.Most optimists，on the(63)_______ hand, have been brought up not to(64)_______failure as the end of the world—they just(65)_______ with their lives.51.A)counted B)expected C)felt D)waited

答案：B

52.A)worries B)cares C)fears D)doubts

答案：C

53.A)amusement B)play C)enjoyment D)fun

答案：D

54.A)so B)to C)for D)like

答案：D

55.A)with B)against C)about D)over

答案：C

56.A)judging B)according C)concerning D)following

答案：B

57.A)result B)reason C)purpose D)product

答案：A

58.A)supply B)suggest C)offer D)propose

答案：C

59.A)possible B)likely C)hopeful D)welcome

答案：B

60.A)opinion B)attitude C)view D)position

答案：B

61.A)trust B)believe C)depend D)hope

答案：C

62.A)goes B)falls C)comes D)turns

答案：A

63.A)opposite B)next C)other D)far

答案：C

64.A)regard B)respect C)suppose D)think

答案：A

65.A)get up B)get on C)get out D)get over

答案：B

第二篇：2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案

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2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案

答案：C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 CD 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 DA 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 AB 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 BA 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 CD 27 C 28 E 29 D 30 B

C 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 B

C 37 D 38 A 39 D 40 B

B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 A

D 47 F 48 E 49 C 50 A

C 52 B 53 D 54 D 55 A

D 57 B 58 C 59 A 60 D

C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B

其中：

1－30每题1分；

31－45每题3分；

46－50每题2分；

51－65每题1分。

试卷总分：100分。

第三篇：2011年职称英语考试综合类B级真题答案解析

2011年全国职称英语考试真题答案综合类（B级）

第1部分：词汇选项 A confess 这个动词是“坦白、交代、承认”的意思，admit也是“承认”的意思，两个词后面都可以跟用 that 引导的宾语从句，在这个句子里可以换用。D extract 作动词用是“获得、获取”的意思，在四个选项中只有 obtain 具有这样的意义，又如: extract help, extract satisfaction, extract information 等。

B accelerate 这个动词原意是“加速”，如:The trains have been accelerated.火车提速了;The steps 10 implement the plan are being accelerated.执行该计划的步伐正在加速。在本句中 accelerate his sale of shares(加速出售他的股票)，无疑就是增加出售他的股票的意思，故选 increased。D motive 是“动机”的意思，the motive for(doing)something 即为“做某事的动机”，reason 是“理由”，the motive for the murder 和 the reason for the murder 是同一意思。C impact 和 influence 是同义词，意为“影响”，又如:the impact of modem technology on interpersonal relationships 现代技术对人际关系带来的影响。

D shine 这个动词通常用于表示“发亮、发光” 的意思，如: The sun is shining.但是如果和皮鞋一起用，那就是“擦皮鞋、把皮鞋擦亮”的意思了。本句的意思是:他的皮鞋擦得一尘不染。polish 具有“把......擦亮、磨光”的意思，clear 和 shoes 一起用的话便是 “把鞋子移开”的意思了，wash 则是用水洗，mend 是修补的意思。C explore 是“探索、探险、摸索” 的意思，investigate 除了常用的“调查”这层意思外，也具有“探索”这样的意义，本句的意思是:在会议上我们探索了扩充的可能性。

A steady 是“稳定的”意思，a steady decline 则是 “稳步下降”，在这个上下文中可以用 continuous 来代替它，即“不断下降”。sharp decline 则是“急剧下降”。

A remark 这个动词就是 “说”的意思，所以这里就用 saying 来代替它。B framework 就是我们现在常常说的“框架”，within the existing legal framework 指在现有的法律框架内。所谓法律框架实际上就是指法律体系，所以选 system。limit 是限制，procedure 是程序，status 是地位。D find fault with something/someone 是个固定的表达式，意为“找茬、吹毛求疵”，所以和 criticize(批评)基本同义。A spectacular 这个形容词常用来描述场面、景观等，意思是“壮观的、壮丽的、华丽的” 等，在四个选项中只有 magnificent 具有这样的意思。B grasp 这个动词是“抓住”的意思，可用于具体的事物，如:grasp the rope/ my hand 抓住绳索/抓住我的手，也可以用于抽象的概念，如: grasp the main idea/his meaning 抓

住要点/理解他的意思。在本句中 grasp the significance of what had happened 就相当于understand the significance of what had happened。C convert 的意思是“改变、转化”。turn 则是具有同样意义的一个更为常用的单词，两者后面都跟 into 来表示“变为……”。又如: Solar energy has been successfully converted/turned into mechanical energy.太阳能被成功地转化成机械能。The priest converted/turned him from a Buddhist into a Christian.那神父把他从 一个佛教徒变成了个基督徒。reduce 减少，reform 改造。D tolerate 是 “忍受”的意思，如: tolerate the heat 忍受酷热.tolerate the loneliness 忍受孤独，tolerate the humiliation 忍受屈辱。和它同义的词常用的有bear，endure 和 stand。

第2部分：阅读理解 B 从文章的第一句 For six hours we shot through the barren landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa.便可以知道这句话是错的，shot 是动词 shoot 的过去时形式，shoot through 用以表示开车，那显然车是开得很快的；而且，他们开过的沙漠是一片荒漠(barren landscape)，并非是一个busy desert。A 第一段里就说她已经写了整整三个笔记本，并且开始写第四本了。C 文中讲到 Daniel 用相机记录他在非洲的所见所闻，但并没有提到他拍摄过尼罗河(the Nile River)。A 从文章的第二、第三段可以看到他们两人在非洲看到了许多。B 实际上 Sophia 在开车，Daniel 则在睡觉，所以并非两人都看到了野马。B 文中说到And as I drove，something caught my eye.something moving close enough to touch them，to smell their hot breath.很显然，野马一度离他们的车很近，只是后来才渐渐远离了。B Daniel 是在 Sophia 看到野马一小时后自己醒来的—— When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened.并不是让Sophia 唤醒的。

第3 部分：概括大意与完成子 E 第一段的第一句话就讲世上几乎没有什么事我们是单枪匹马去完成的。接着作者举了好几个人们在群体中生活和工作的例子。所以 People are in groups.正是本段的中心。F 本段的第一句 In almost every situation where you're in a group，you will need a skilled leader.就是它的主题句。本段要讲的就是任何一个群体都需要有一个领导者。A 本段虽然以 Some people are natural leaders.(有些人生来就是当头的。)开始，但作者并不真正认同这一观点，这从 Although a 1ot of people agree that there are some natural-born leaders，most people now recognise that leadership can also be taught.这句话可以看到。所以 Training can make good 1eaders.概括了本段的大意。D 本段的第一句是它的主题句: Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader.a range of qualities 就是a variety of qualities，即各种素质。C 答案可见第一段的最后一句:...being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success.E Groups often break down because of lack of good leaders.这句话是第二段中下面这句话的另一种说法: Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down.A 请见第二段里的这句话: Good leaders don't make people do things in a bossy，controlling way.B 请见第四段里这句话: Self-confidence is vital for you to overcome your own fears about being a leader.be vital for someone to do something 即对某人做某事是十分关键的，和 be the key to doing something 是同一个意思。

第4 部分：阅读理解

C 本题的答题依据是文章开头的这句话: Everyone has imagination，but most of us，once we become adults，forget how to access it.人人都有想象力，只是成年后，我们就忘了如何取得想象力(access it)。文章的目的就是教给成年人几种获得想象力的技巧，所以说成年人还是可以学会怎么样更加富有创意的。

B 从第二段的这两句话：First，think about the problem you have to solve or the job you need to do.Then find an image，word，idea or object，for example，a candle.可以找到答案。蜡烛只是一个例子。

A 第三段的第一句话: Imagine that normal limitations don’t exist.You have as much time/ space/money, etc.as you want.是本题的答题依据。

B put yourself in their shoes 是英语的一个成语，相当于汉语的“设身处地”.35 C 第三种技巧就是:Look at the situation from a different point of view.作者以谈判者和小说家为例，说明推销员如要应用这一技巧就应该把自己置于顾客的位置上，问一问他们的需要是什么。

A 文章的第一段把这一点讲得十分明确:...the so-called Generation M are spending a considerable amount of their time in fruitless efforts as they multitask.It argues that，in fact，these young people are frittering away as much as half of their time as they would if they performed the very same tasks one after the other.37 A 第二段的最后一句话: As some new device comes along, it is also added to the list rather than replacing one of the existing devices.回答了这个问题。只要有新的玩意儿出现，它就会被增加到现有的玩意儿上去，而不是替代原有的东西。注意四个选项里的they 指的是 e-devices 而不是属于Generation M 这一代的年轻人。

D 根据文章的内容应选 D。distant to their family 意为 ”和自己的家人疏远“。具体可见第三段。

D 答题的依据是第五段里的这句话: They feel that many undergraduates now urgently need remedia1 help with study skills.可见在大学教师看来许多本科生急需补上学习技能这一课。

A 这道题的答题依据是文章的最后一段，作者认为尽管上面所说的都没错，但是(注意 while 这个连接词的转折意义)我们要记住现今对年轻人的期望越来越高。不管老一辈怎么说他们(注意 despite这个介词表示的让步意义)，对他们(年轻人)还是应该给予表扬而不是批评(Praise rather than criticism is due)。To be due 应该得到。

D 第一段里讲到了人们拥有手机的几种理由，其中不包括手机便宜(cheap)这一条。

C detect 意为”觉察、发现“，故可用 discover 来代替。

A 第三段里把这名推销员年纪轻轻就要退休的原因讲得十分明白:...a traveling salesman had to retire at a young age because of serious memory loss.He couldn't remember even simple tasks.44 A 请见第四段里的这句话:Mobile phone companies agree that there is some radiation，but they say the amount is too small to worry about.它们并不否认手机有辐射，只是辐射量很小无需担心。

B 作者建议大家少用手机，这一点在最后一段里可以清楚地看到。

第5 部分：补全短文

A 第一段是文章的引言，说的是当今有了电视和杂志这样的媒体，名人到处可见，但是情况并非一向如此，80 年前收音机和电影才刚开始对美国人产生这样的效应，也就是才能向美国的公众介绍宣传Lindberg，使他成为名人。

D 这个空的前一句说的是 Lindberg 在大学读工程学位，但是飞行吸引了他的想象;其后的一句则讲他自己买了飞机在各地表演空中特技，所以在中间自然应该填入他辍学并移居到 Nebraska 去学习飞行这句话。

F 前一句说到Lindberg 参军，在飞行员班里第一个毕业，这样正好接上 Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot，flying out of St.Louis，Missouri.这句话。

B 前面一句讲了Lindberg 觉得要完成这次飞行自己的技术没有问题，但并非任何一架飞机都能飞这么远。所以下面就接上他找到了 San Diego 的一家飞行器公司定做了一架飞机。

C 六个选项中只有这个选项是和他回到美国后得到的荣誉有关的。

第6 部分：完形填空

C the diagnosis of his illness Parkinson's disease 他的不适被诊断为帕金森氏病

B criticism of something/someone 对某事/某人的批评，这里 of 的宾语表示的是 criticism这个动作的对象;其他三个介词都不能用。

A opposition to 反对……

A take up 是个短语，意为”从事……”，take up the sport 从事该项运动，take up filmmaking 从影，take up charity 从事慈善事业。

C 尽管 A1i不主张开展女子拳击，但他出席女儿的职业赛似乎传递了一个父亲的支持，他自然是想看女儿比赛的，故 watch his daughter fight。

D 这里有一个比较结构 as much …as…，被比较的是女儿的首次比赛和父亲以前的比赛吸引公众的程度，两个比较的对象理应是同一事物，所以选 fight。

D 从观众的角度来看总是希望比赛紧张一点、精彩一点，双方势均力敌才有看点，所以 Laila 的对于明显比她弱，对观众来说就是一件不幸的事了。

C to know what one is doing 是一种常见的、相对固定的表达方式，意思是:知道该怎么做、做得不错。

B compare...to...这里是 “和......作比较”的意思，也可以说 “compare...with..., compare...to...的另一种意思是”把……比作为……"。

C make her own name 自己成名(不靠她父亲)

B 这里说的是Laila 已经明白的事，所以用 realize。suggest 和 propose都是建议，hope则是希望。

B 这里的 if 相当于whether;to see if(whether)she still wants to go forward with it 看她是否还想继续下去。

D struggle with the symptoms of Parkinson's disease和帕金森氏病的症候斗争。

B 对Laila 在那样一个时刻所作出的那样一个决定人们的反应有赞扬，也有批评。

C arrival on the boxing scene of a woman 一名女性出现在拳击场上，注意这里的词序，实际上是 the arrival of a woman on the boxing scene。

第四篇：2010+2011年职称英语考试理工类B级真题及答案

2010年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试试卷

理工类B级

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1．Patricia stared at the other girls with resentment．

A．anger

B．doubt

C．love D．surprise

2．The document was compiled by the Department of Health．

A．written

B．printed

C．attached D．sent

3．He's spent years cultivating a knowledge of art．

A．sharing

B．using

C．denying D．developing

4．We've seen a marked shift in our approach to the social issues．

A．clear

B．regular

C．quick

D．great

5.Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners．

A．polite

B．similar

C．usual

D．bad

6.I want to provide my boys with a decent education．

A．good

B．special

C．private

D．general

7．In the process，the light energy converts to heat energy．

A．changes

B．reduces

C．leaves

D．drops

8．Many cities have restricted smoking in public places．

A．limited

B．allowed

C．stopped

D．kept

9． What are my chances of promotion if I stay here?

A．retirement

B．advertisement

C．advancement

D．replacement

10．If we leave now，we should miss the traffic．

A．direct

B．stop

C．mix

D．avoid

11．There was a profound silence after his remark．

A．proud

B．short

C．sudden

D．deep

12．I enjoyed the play it had a clever plot and funny dialogues．

A．long

B．boring

C．original

D．humorous

13．The thief was finally captured two miles away from the village．

A．caught

B．killed

C．found

D．jailed

14．Such a database would be extremely costly to set up．

A．transfer

B．destroy

C．establish

D．update

15．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year．

A．combine

B．sell

C．close

D．break

第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

A Great Quake Coming?

Everyone who lives in San Francisco knows that earthquakes are common in the bay area and they can be devastating．In 1906，for example，a major quake destroyed about 28，000 buildings and killed hundreds，perhaps thousands of people．Residents now wonder when the next“Big One”will strike．It's bound to happen someday．At least seven active fault(断层)lines run through the San Francisco area．Faults are places where pieces of Earth's crust(地壳)slide past each other．When these pieces slip，the ground shakes．

To prepare for that day, scientists are using new techniques to reanalyze the 1906 earthquake and predict how bad the damage might be when the next one happens．

One new finding about the 1906 earthquake is that the San Andreas fault split apart faster than scientists had assumed at the time．During small earthquakes，faults rupture(断裂)at about 2.7 kilometers per second．During bigger quakes，however，ruptures can happen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per second．

At such high speeds．massive amounts of pressure build up，generating underground waves that can cause more damage than the quake itself．Lucky for San Francisco，these pressure pulses(脉冲)travel away from the city during the 1906 event．As bad as the damage was，it could have been far worse．

Looking ahead，scientists are trying to predict when the next major quake will occur．Records show that earthquakes were common before 1906．Since then，the earthquake has been relatively quiet．Patterns in the data，however，suggest that the probability of a major earthquake striking the Bay Area before 2032 is at least 62 percent．

New buildings in San Francisco are quite safe in case of future quakes．Still，more than 84 per-cent of the city's buildings are old and weak．Analyses suggest that another massive earthquake would cause extensive damage．

People who live there tend to feel safe because San Francisco has remained pretty quiet for a while．According to the new reseaych，however，it's not a matter of“if the Big One will hit”．It's just a matter of when．

16．The San Francisco area is located above several active fault lines．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

17．The 1906 earthquake in San Francisco is the most severe one in American history．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

18．The highest speed of fault ruptures in the 1906 quake was more than 3.5 kilometers per second.A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

19．Earthquakes rarely happened before 1906．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

20．San Francisco is fully prepared for another big earthquake．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

21．Scientist will be able to predict the exact time of an earthquake soon．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

22．A major earthquake striking San Francisco someday is inevitable．

A．Right

B．Wrong

C．Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23-26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Natural Gas

Natural gas is produced from reservoirs deep beneath the earth's surface．It is a fossil fuel，meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago.The main component of natural gas is methane(甲烷).The popularity and use of clean natural gas has increased dramatically over the past 50 years as Dipeline infrastructure(基础设施)has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential，commercial and industrial customers worldwide．Today，natural gas service is available in all 50 states，and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and indus-tries．More than 65 million American homes use natural gas．In fact，natural gas is the most eco-nomical source for home energy needs，costing one-third as much as electricity.In addition to heat-ing homes，much of the gas used in the United States is used as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healthcare，computing and fur-nishings． Natural gas is also used in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available． It emits less pollution than other fossil fuels．dioxide(二氧化碳)and water vapor-the same substances emitted when humans ex-hale．Compared with some other fossil fuels，natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide in-to the air when combusted(燃烧)-making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all．The industry also is subject to substantial federal regulation in the areas of production and distribution，which help ensure it is provided to consumers safely and cleanly．

The United States consumes about one-third of the world's natural gas output，making it the lar-gest gas consuming region in the world．The U．S．Department of Energy's Energy Information Ad-ministration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.There are huge reserves of natural gas beneath the earth's surface．The largest reserves of natu-ral gas can be found in Russia，West and North Africa and the Middle East．LNG(液化天然气)has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades.To-day，the leading importers of LNG are Japan，Korea，France and Spain.23．Paragraph 2_______________

24．Paragraph 3_______________

25．Paragraph 4_______________

26．Paragraph 5_______________

A．Popularity and use of natural gas

B．Natural gas reserves and supply

C．Natural gas prices

D．Clean fuel of choice

E．Disadvantages of natural gas

F．Natural gas consumption

27．Natural gas is stored deep________.28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source ________.29．When manufacturing many products，people commonly use natural gas ________.30．It is estimated that by 2050 that natural gas demand in the United States will increase________.A．over the past 50 years

B．beneath the earth surface

C．by more than 50 percent

D．for more than four decades

E．as a raw material

F．for home energy needs

第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Walking to Exercise the Brain

Do you think sitting and studying all the time will improve your grades?Think again．Getting some exercise may help，too．

New research with older people suggests that taking regular walks helps them pay attention better than if they didn't exercise．

Previous research had shown that mice learn，remember，and pay attention better after a few weeks of working out on a running wheel．Mice that exercise have greater blood flow to the brain than those who don't．Their brain cells also make more connections．

Neuroscientists from the University at Urbana-Champaign wanted to find out if the same thing is true for people．First，they measured the physical fitness of 41 adults，ages 58 to 77，after each per-son walked 1 mile．Then，participants looked at arrows on a computer sczeen and had to use com-puter keys to show which way one particular arrow was pointing．

Adults who were physically fit were faster at the arrow task，and their answers were just as ac-curate as their less-fit peers,the researchers found．The fitter participants also had more blood flow to a part of their brain responsible for paying attention and making decisions．

In a second study，15 elderly people who completed a 6-month aerobic-training course were fas-ter at attention tasks compared with 14 seniors who just did stretching and toning exercises for the same amount of time．

So，even going for a walk every 2 or 3 days forjust 10 to 45 minutes can help．That should be good news for your grandparents．

The effects of exercising on the brains of younger people haven't been studied yet．Still，it can't hurt to take occasional study breaks and go for a walk or run around with your friends．You might even do better in school．

Whatever you do，though，don't try to read and walk at the same time．You could end up hurting yourseff!

31．Walking regularly helps elderly people_______．

A．lose weight

B．become happier

C．concentrate better

D．look younger

32．After taking exercise for a few weeks，the mice were found to have_____．

A．higher blood pressure

B．faster heartbeat

C．more blood flow to the brain

D．better appearance

33．The first study on 41 elderly people found______．

A．the less-fit participants did arrow tasks faster

B．the fitter participants did arrow tasks faster

C．the less-fit participants gave more accurate answers

D．the fitter participants gave more accurate answers

34．It can be good for health when one takes a walk every 2 or 3 days for at least______．

A．3 minutes

B．45 minutes

C．30 minutes

D．10 minutes

35．It is suggested in the last paragraph that people should______．

A．run around once a week

B．not read and walk at the same time

C．go for a walk every day

D．not hurt their friends while exercising

第二篇

Night of the Living Ants

When an ant dies，other ants move the dead insect out of the nest．This behavior is interesting to scientists，who wonder how ants know for sure and so soon that another ant is dead．

Dong-Hwan Choe，a scientist at the University of California found that Argentine ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants．“I'm dead．take me away．”

But there's a twist to Choe's discovery．These ants ave a little bit like zombies(僵尸)．Choe says that the living ants，not just the dead ones，have this death chemicals．In other words．While an ant crawls around，perhaps in a picnic or home，it's telling other ants that it's dead．

What keeps ants from hauling away the liring dead?Choe found that Argentine ants have two additional chemicals on their bodies，and these tell nearby ants something like，“Wait-I'm not dead yet，”So Choe's research turned up two sets of chemical signals in ants：one says，“I'm dead．”the other set says，“I'm not dead yet．”

Other scientists have tried to figure out how ants know when another ant is dead． If an ant is knocked unconscious，other ants leave it alone until it wakes up．That means ants know that unmoving ants can still be alive．

Choe suspects that when an Argentine ant dies，the chemical that says“Wait-I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away.Once that chemical is gone，only the one that says“I'm dead”is left．“It's because the dead ant no longer smells like a living ant that it gets carried to the graveyard(墓地)，not because its body releases new unique chemicals after death，”said Choe． When other ants detect the“dead”chemical without the“not dead yet”chemical，they haul away the body． This was choe's hypothesis(假设)．

To test his hypothesis，Choe and his team put different chemicals on Argentine ant pupae(蛹).When the scientists used the“I'm dead”chemical，other ants quickly hauled tbe treated pupae away.When the scientists used the“Wait-I'm not dead yet”chemicals，other ants left the treated pupae alone.Choe believes this behavior shows that the“not dead yet”chemicals override(优先于)the“dead”chemical when picked up by adult ants． And that when an ant dies，the“not dead yet”chemicals fade away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining“dead”chemical and remove the body from the nest．

36．What is meant by“death chemical”mentioned in paragraph 3?

A．A chemical that contains poison．

B．A chemical that causes death．

C．A chemical that announces death．

D．A chemical that prevents death．

37．Which of the following statements is NOT true of ants?

A．Ants know very soon that another ant is dead．

B．When an ant is dead，others move its body out of the nest．

C．If an ant is unconscious，it is moved out of the nest．

D．Living ants have the“I'm dead”chemical on their bodies．

38．According to Choe's hypothesis，___________.A．an ant still smells like a living when it dies

B．the“I am dead”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

C．the“I am not dead yet”chemical is left when an ant dies

D．the“I am not dead yet”chemical leaves the ant's body when it dies

39．According to paragraph 7，what is the result of the test on Choe's hyothesis?

A．It shows that his hypothesis is wrong．

B．It proves that his hypothesis is convincing．

C．It suggests that his hypothesis needs revising．

D．Not enough evidence has been found to support his hypothesis．

40．The passage“Night of the Living Ants”tells us about________.A．how an ant is moved out of the nest at nigh

B．what an ant does at night

C．how an ant finds its way in darkness

D．what happens when an ant dies

第三篇

The Iceman

On a September day in 1991，two Germans were climbing the mountain between Austria and Italy．High up on a mountain pass，they found the body of a man lying on the ice.At that height(10,499 feet or 3，200 meters)，the ice is usually permanent，but 1991 had been an especially warm year．The mountain ice had melted more than just usual and so the body had come to the surface．

It was lying face downward．The skeleton(骨架)was in perfect condition，except for a wound in the head．There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes．The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots．Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark(树皮)and a holder for arrows．

Who was the man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to these questions．Some people thought that it was from this century，perhaps the body of a soldier who died in World War I．since several soldiers had already been found in the area． A Swiss woman who believed it might be her father, who had died in those mountains twenty years before and whose body had never been found．The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older，maybe even a thousand years old．

With modern dating techniques，the scientists soon learned that the iceman was about 5，300 years old．Born in about 3300 B．C．，he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe．At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains.More recent evidence．however，tells a different story．A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder．It left only a tiny hole in his skin，but it caused internal damage and bleeding．He almost certainlv died from this wound，and not from the wound on the back of his head．This means that he was probably in some kind of battle．It may have been part of a large war，or he may have been fighting bandits．He may even have been a bandit himself．

By studying his clothes and tools，scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman about the times he lived in．we may never know the full story of how he died，but he has given us important clues to the history of those distant times．

41．The body of the iceman was found in the mountains mainly because__________．

A．two Germans were climbing mountains

B．he was just on a mountain pass

C．the melted ice made him visible

D．he was lying on the ice

42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?

A．The iceman could have died from the wound in the head．

B．The iceman was struck dead from behind．

C．The iceman was killed while working．

D．The iceman lived a poor life．

43．All the following are assumptions once made about iceman EXCEPT____________．

A．he was a soldier in Worid War I

B．he came from Italy

C．he was a Swiss woman'S long-lost father

D．He was born about a thousand years ago

44．The scientists made the deduction that the iceman_________．

A．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead

B．has a tiny hole in his skin causing his death

C．was probably in some kind of a battle

D．had got a wound on the back of his head

45．The word“bandits”in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by_________．

A．robbers

B．shooters

C．soldiers

D．hunters

第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Semco

At 21，Ricardo Semler became boss of his father'S business in Brazil，Semco，which sold parts for ships．Semler Junior worked like a madman，from 7：30 am，until midnight every day．One afternoon，while touring a factory in New York，he collapsed．The doctor who treated him said，“There's nothing wrong with you．But if you continue like this．you'll find a new home in our hospital．”Semler got the message．He changed the way he worked．In fact，he changed the ways his employees worked too．

He let his workers take more responsibility so that they would be the ones worrying when things went wrong．He allowed them to set their own salaries，and he cut all the jobs he thought were unnecessary，like receptionists and secretaries．__________(46)．“Everyone at Semco，even top managers，meets guests in reception，does the photocopying，sends faxes，types letters and dials the phone．”

He completely reorganized the office：instead of walls，they have plants at Semco，SO bosses can't shut themselves away from everyone else．__________(47)．As for uniforms，some people wear suits and others wear T-shirts．

Semler says，“We have a sales manager named Rubin Agater who sits there reading the newspaper hour after hour．He doesn't even pretend to be busy．But when a Semco pump on the other side of the world fails，millions of gallons of oil are about to spill into the sea．Rubin springs into action．_________(48)．That'S when he earns his salary．No one cares if he doesn't look busy the rest of the time．”

Semco has flexible working hours：the employees decide when they need to arrive at work．The employees also evaluate their bosses twice a year．________(49)．

It sounds perfect，but does it work? The answer is in the numbers：in the last six years，Semco'S revenues have gone from$35 million to$212 million．The company has grown from eight hundred employees to 3，000．Why?

Semler says it's because of“peer pressure”．Peer pressure makes employees work hard for everyone else．_________(50)．In other words，Ricardo Semler treats his workers like aduhs and expects them to act like adults．And they do．

A．This saved money and brought more equality to the company．

B．He knows everything there is to know about our pumps and how to fix them．

C．And the workers are free to decorate their workspace as they want．

D．Most managers spend their time making it difficult for workers to work．

E．If someone isn't doing his job well，the other workers will not allow the situation to continue．

F．Also，Semco lets its workers use the company's machines for their own projects，and makes them take holidays for at least thirty days a year．

第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

The Case of the Disappearing Fingerprints

One useful anti-cancer drug can effectively erase the whorls and other characteristic marks that give people their distinctive fingerprints(指纹)．Losing them could become troublesome．A case _________(51)online in a letter by Annals of Oncology(肿瘤学)indicates how big a________(52)of losing fingerprints is．

Eng-Huat Tan，a Singapore-based medical doctor describes a 62-year-old man who has used capecitabine to________(53)his nasopharyngeal cancer(鼻咽癌)．After three years on the_______(54)，the patient decided to visit U．S．relatives last December．But he was stopped by

U．S．customs officials________(55)4 hours after entering the country when those officials couldn't get fingerprints from the man．There were no_______(56)swirly marks appearing from his index finger．

“U．S．customs has been fingerprinting incoming foreign visitors for years．”Tan says．“unfortunately，for the Singaporean traveler，one potential_________(57)effect of his drug treatment is a smoothing of the tissue on the finger pads．_________(58)，no fingerprints．”

“It is uncertain when fingerprint___________(59)will begin to take place in patients who are taking capecitabine，”Tan points out．So he__________(60)any physicians who prescribe the drug to provide their patients with a doctor'S___________(61)pointing out that their medicine may cause fingerprints to disappear．

Eventually，the Singapore traveler made it into the United States．I guess the name on his passport didn't raise any red flags． But he'S also now got the explanatory doctor's note-and won't leave home_______(62)it．

By the way，maybe the Food and Drug Administration(美国食品药物管理局)，____________(63)approved use of the drug 11 years ago，should consider updating its list of side effects _______(64)with this medicine．The current list does note that patients may experience vomiting(呕吐)，stomach pain and some other side effects．But no where__________(65)it mention the potential for loss of fingerprints．

51．A．released B．suggested C．accepted D．detected

52．A．problem B．gap C．sickness D．secret

53．A．cut B．treat C．find D．smooth

54．A．diet B．exercise C．recovery D．drug

55．A．in B．for C．at D．from

56．A．different B．strange C．interesting D．distinctive

57．A．good B．side C．normal D．main

58．A．However B．Meanwhile C．Hence D．Yet

59．A．chance B．mark C．loss D．danger

60．A．reports B．discourage C．cautions D．praise

61．A．note B．name C．book D．number

62．A．on B．out C．without D．off

63．A．who B．when C．which D．where

64．A．collected B．copied C．associated D．tested

65．A．must B．does C．can D．should 2010年全国职称英语理工类（B级）考试参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项

1．A [解析]Patricia生气的瞪着其他的女孩。resentment愤恨。如：He shows no resentment to anyone．他不怨恨任何人。anger愤怒。最符合题意。如：I cannot control mY anger．我无法控制自己的愤怒。doubt怀疑。如：There is no doubt that we will be successful．毫无疑问我们会成功。love爱。如：Love conquers all．爱能战胜一切。surprise惊奇。如：What a pleasant surprise thing!多惊喜的事情呀!

2．A [解析]这一文件由卫生部拟写。compile编辑、编写。如：compile an encvclopedia编辑一本百科全书。write写。最符合题目。如：He has written many books．他写过很多书。print印刷。如：print the final copy of your essay打印作文的终稿。attach系，贴。如：attach a label to the product给商品贴上商标。send送。如：He sent her some flowers．他给她送了些花。

3．D [解析]他花费多年培养对艺术的学识。cultivate培养。如：I wiu cultivate the habit of laughter．我要培养笑的习惯。share分享。如：We used to share everything．我们曾经分享一切。use使用。如：use your mind动动脑子。deny否定。如：Can you deny the truth of his statement?你能否认他的声明的真实性吗?develop发展。最符合题意。如：develop a love for music培养对音乐的喜爱。

4．A [解析]在解决这些社会问题上我们看到了明显的转变。marked明显的。如：marked increases明显的增长。clear清晰的。最符合题意。如：a clear explanation清晰的解释。regular规律的。如：regular heartbeats规律的心跳。quick迅速的。如：a quick answer迅速的回答。great伟大的。如：a great career伟大的事业。

5．A [解析]她的父亲话语不多，举止优雅。graceful优雅的。如：The dancer was light and graceful．舞者的舞姿轻盈优美。polite有礼貌的。最符合题意。如：a polite behavior有礼貌的行为。similar类似的。如：a word or phrase of similar meaning意义相近的词或词组。usual通常的。如：His speech followed the usual pattern．他按照通常的方式讲话。bad坏的。如：a bad habit坏习惯。

6．A[解析]我想给儿子们提供体面的教育。decent体面的。如：decent clothes体面的服装。good好的。最符合题意。如：good environment良好的环境。special特别的。如：This is a special occasion．这是一个特殊的场合。private隐私的。如：Fans are always curious about the singer's private life。歌迷总对歌星的私人生活感兴趣。general普遍的。如：the general readers一般的读者。

7． A[解析]在这个过程中，光能会转换成热能。convert转换。如：convert iron to steel变铁为钢。change改变。最符合题意。如：change from an empty space to a busy area从空地变为繁华地区。reduce减少。如：reduce the consumption offuel减少燃料消耗。leave留下。如：He left the book on the desk．他把书留在桌上。drop掉落。如：A bottle dropped on the floor and smashed．瓶子落地摔碎了。

8． A[解析]许多城市限制在公共场合抽烟。restrict限制。如：The trees restrict our view．这些树局限了我们的视野。limit限制。最符合题意。如：He must limit the number of cigarettes he smokes．他必须限制抽烟的数目。allow允许。如：Please allow me to express my warm welcome to our guests．请允许我向来客表示热烈的欢迎。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。keep保持。如：keep silence保持沉默。

9． C[解析]如果我留下，能有多大可能得到提拔?promotion升职。如：May I offer my congratulations on your promotion?请允许我为您的晋升向您道贺。retirement退休。如：Your retirement is really a great disappointment to me．您退休了，真是令我非常失望。advertisement广告。如：This advertisement will capture the attention of TV audiences．这广告将引起电视观众的注意。advancement晋升。最符合题意。如：His advancement to the position of manager was greeted with enthusiasm．他被提升为经理，大家都为之欢呼。replacement代替。如：They have got a replacement for him．他们把他替换下来。

10．D[解析]如果现在出发就能避免交通高峰。miss错过。如：I missed breakfast this morning．今早我错过了吃早饭。direct指挥。如：She directed the planning of the festival．她统管节日安排。stop停止。如：Stop talking．别说话。mix混合。如：Mix water and flour．将水和面粉混合。avoid避免。最符合题意。如：Avoid making any noise．避免制造任何噪音。

11．D[解析]他讲完后有一阵意味深长的沉默。profound意义深远的。如：What she has to say is very profound．她说的话很有意义。proud骄傲的。如：a proud winner骄傲的胜利者。short短暂的。如：a short journey短暂的旅行。sudden突然的。如：a sudden attack突袭。deep深刻的。最符合题意。如：a deep impression深刻的印象。

12．D[解析]我喜欢这出戏，它有巧妙的情节和风趣的对话。funny有趣的。如：a funny story有趣的故事。long长的。如：long hair长发。boring枯燥的。如：a boring person无聊的人。original最初的。如：Stick to the original plan．坚持原计划。humorous幽默的。最符合题意。如：The film is humorous and moving．这部电影风趣又动人。

13．A [解析]贼最终在距村子两英里的地方被抓住。capture捕获。如：capture territories by force of arms争城夺地。catch抓住。最符合题意。如：Early birds catch worms．早起的鸟儿有虫吃。kill杀害。如：He was killed in a car accident．他丧命于一场车祸。find发现。如：Have you found your key?找到钥匙了么?jail监禁。如：He was jailed last month．他上月被监禁。

14．C [解析]建立这样的数据库成本会非常高。set up建立。如：set up an organization成立一个组织。transfer转移。如：He was transfefred to another department．他调到另一个部门了。destroy破坏。如：The houses were des~oyed in an earthquake．房屋在地震中毁坏。establish成立。最符合题意。如：His grandfather established the family business in 1920．他的祖父在1920年成立了这个家族企业。update更新。如：Have you updated the statistics in the report?你把报告中的数据更新了么?

15．A [解析]两家银行已宣布了明年合并的计划。merge联合。如：Rover is to merge with the BMW．罗佛要和宝马公司合并。combine合并。最符合题意。如：combine theories with practical exI)eriences将实践经验和理论相结合。sell出售。如：How can you seU sueh an old car?t你怎样能将这辆老车卖出去?close关闭。如：Close the door please．请关门。break打碎。如．break a vase打破花瓶。

第2部分：阅读判断

16．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“At least seven active fault lines run through the San FranciSCO area.”

17．C [解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。文章只提到1906年地震破坏性大，没说是最严重的。

18．A [解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：“During bigger quakes，baowever，ruptures can laappen at rates faster than 3.5 kilometers per secona．”由于1906年洛杉矶地震属于大地震，因此本句“1906年洛杉矾地震断层最高速度超过每秒3.5公里”是正确的。

19．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“Recorcls show that earthquakes were common before 1906．”

20．B [解析]本题给出的信息是错误的。原文是：“still，more than 84 percent of the city's buildings are old and weak．”既然大多数房屋不能抵挡地震，那么洛杉矶并没有为地震的来临做好准备。

21．C[解析]文章没有谈到这方面信息。

22．A[解析]本题给出的信息是正确的。原文是：“According to the new research，however，it's not a matter of'if the Big 0ne will hit'．It's just a matter of wllen．”既然问题是“地震什么时候会发生”，那么这一地震是无法避免的了。

参考译文

大地震就要来了?

住在旧金山的人都知道海湾地区地震高发，而且具有毁坏性。例如1906年的地震毁坏了28000座建筑，让成百上千的人丧命。现在这里的居民想知道下次“大地震”到来的时间，它在某天必定会发生。现在至少有七条活跃的断层线穿过旧金山。断层是地壳破裂面互相移动形成的。当这些破裂面滑动时地震就发生了。

为了迎接那一天，科学家用新技术重新分析1906年的地震，并估计下次地震有可能造成的破坏。

关于1906年地震的一个新发现是圣安德烈亚斯断层分裂的速度比当时科学家认为的要快。小地震发生时断层以每秒2．7公里的速度断裂。然而在大地震时断层断裂速度每秒可超过3．5公里。

在如此高速下聚集了大量压力，并产生比地震本身破坏性更强的地下波。洛杉矶算幸运的，1906年这些压力脉冲游离了该城。尽管破坏很严重，但总算避免了更糟糕的后果。

展望未来，科学家在估计下次大地震什么时候发生。记录显示1906年前地震频发。自此，地震相对减少。然而数据模式显示2032年前一场大地震袭击湾区的可能性至少有62％。

旧金山的新建筑即使在地震中也是完全安全的，但城里超过84％的旧建筑仍是不坚固的。分析家暗示再来一次大地震会造成大面积破坏。

居民觉得住在旧金山是安全的，因为很长一段时间来都很平静。然而根据新的研究，问题已不再是“是否将会发生大地震”，而是“什么时候它会来”。

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23．A [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气被广泛应用以及各种用途。

24．D[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。

25．F[解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是美国消费天然气的情况。

26．B [解析]本题考查的是对所读材料大意与主旨的掌握。本段中心意思是世界上天然气的储存和供应情况。

27．B [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第一段的第一句“Natural gas is procduced from reserVoirs deep beneath the earth's SUTface．”

28．F [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第四句“In fact，natural gas is the most economical source for llome energy neecls，costing one-third as mueh as electricity”．

29．E [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第二段的第五句话“In addition to heating homes，much of the gas usecl in the United States is usecl as a raw material to mamrflacture a wide variety of products，from paint，to fibers for clothing，to plastics for healtlacare，computing ancl fumishings．”

30．C [解析]本题考查的是对阐述文章的主旨事实与细节的了解。依据是第四段的最后一句“The U.S.Department 0f Energy's Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demancl will grow by more tllan 50 percent by 2025.”

参考译文

天然气

天然气深深储藏在地球表面下方，它属于矿物燃料，是埋藏在地球上百万年的有机物产生的。天然气的主要构成是甲烷。

过去50多年，随着管道基础建设能将气体便利、经济的输送到世界各地的居住区、商业和工业用户，天然气受欢迎程度和使用迅速增长。如今全美50州都有天然气服务，并且是美国家庭和工业燃料首选。超过6500万美国家庭使用天然气。事实上，天然气是最经济的家庭能源的来源，费用是电的1/3。除了家庭取暖，美国许多天然气被用作原材料，生产从油漆到服装纤维、保健用塑料制品、计算设备和家具等多种产品。天然气也被用在许多新的发电厂。

天然气是现有能源中最安全和最干净的。它释放的污染小于其他矿物燃料。天然气燃烧时主要产生二氧化碳和水蒸气--与人呼气产生的物质相同。与其他矿物燃料相比，天然气燃烧时释放到空气中的二氧化碳最少，因此它是最洁净的燃烧矿物燃料。燃料的生产和分配必须按照联邦政府的规定，这样能确保向消费者提供安全干净的服务。

美国消费世界天然气出产量的三分之一，是世界上最大的天然气消费地区。美国能源部的能源信息行政部门预计天然气需求量到2025年会增长超过50％。

地表下有大量的天然气储存。最大的天然气储存在俄罗斯、西非、北非和中东。过去的四十多年美国同时本土生产和进口液化天然气。现在进口液化气的国家主要有日本、韩国、法国和西班牙。

第4部分：阅读理解

第一篇

31．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。题目是老年人经常运动有助于以下哪项。原文是第二段“对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年更集中精力”。选项A“减肥”；选项B“更愉快”；选项C“精力更集中”；选项D“显得年轻”。因此只能选C。

32．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第三段“以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。”选项A“更高的血压”；选项B“更快的心跳”；选项C“有更多血液流经大脑”；选项D“更好的外表”。因此只能选C。

33．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第五段“研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。”选项A“身体状况不佳的参赛者完成箭头测试更快”；选项B“身体健康的参赛者完成箭头测试的速度更快”；选项C“身体状况不佳的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确”；选项D“身体健康的参赛者在箭头测试中答案更准确”。因此只能选B。

34．D [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是第七段“因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。”因此只能选D。

35．B[解析]本题是细节考查题。原文是最后一段“不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦”。选项A“一周跑一次步”；选项B“不要同时走路和读书”与原文内容一致；选项C“每天散步”；选项D“运动时不要伤着朋友”。因此答案选B“。

参考译文

步行健脑

你认为整日坐着学习就可以提高成绩么?想想吧。做做运动或许也有效呢。

对老年人的新研究显示经常运动能让老年人更集中精力。

以前的研究证明老鼠在轮子上奔跑数周后它们的学习、记忆和集中程度都有所提高。运动的老鼠大脑中的血液流量大于不运动的，而它们脑细胞的联系也更频繁。

来自Urbana-Champaign大学的神经学家想要知道是否人类也会有同样的情况。首先，他们测量了41位58岁到77岁的成年人行走1英里后的健康状况。然后让这4l位参加者观看电脑屏幕上的箭头，用电脑操纵键指出箭头指向哪里。

研究员发现身体健康的成年人完成箭头测试的速度更快，他们的答案和身体状况不佳的参加者一样准确。有更多的血液流向健康参加者大脑中控制注意力和做决定的部分。

第二项试验中，已完成了一个六个月有氧训练课程的老年人在注意力测试中比另外14位只是做过同样时间的伸展和肌肉锻炼的老年人要更快。

因此每两到三天仅仅出去散步10到45分钟都会对健康有益。这对你的祖父母来说是个好消息。

运动对年轻人大脑的作用尚未有研究。不过，偶尔放下学习，和朋友们散散步、跑一跑还是有好处的。或许对学习大有裨益。

不管你怎么做都不要一边走路一边读书，你有可能伤到自己的哦。

第二篇

36．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原文在第二段”加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：'我死了，把我挪走吧。'“选项A”含有毒物质的化学品“与原文不符；选项B”导致死亡的化学物质“与原文不符；选项C”宣布死亡的化学物质“，符合原文；选项D”阻止死亡的化学物质“与原文不符，因此只能选C。

37．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A”蚂蚁们很快知道有同伴死了“符合原文内容：选项B”当有蚂蚁死了，其他同伴把它的尸体挪出蚁穴“符合原文内容；选项C”有蚂蚁昏迷了，它会被拖出蚁穴“不符合原文内容，符合选项要求；选项D”活蚂蚁身上有'我活着'化学物质“，与原文相符。因此只能选C。

38．D[解析]本题是细节考查题。选项A”蚂蚁死后气味依然和活着时一样“与原文不符；选项B”'我已死'化学物在蚂蚁死后会消失“与原文不符；选项C”蚂蚁死后，'我还没死'化学物质留在尸体上“与原文不符；选项D”'我没死'化学物质在蚂蚁死后会消失“与原文相符。因此只能选D．

39．B [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。周的假设是当其他蚂蚁监测到”我没死“化学物质消失了，而只有”我死了“物质，它们就将尸体拖走。而实验结果是当科学家用”我已死“化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用”等等，我还没死“这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。结果证明了周假设的正确性。选项A”他的假设是错误的“，不符合原文；选项B”他的假设有说服力“，符合原文；选项C”他的假设需要修改“，不符合原文；选项D”他没有发现有力的证据证明这一假设“，与原文不符。所以只能选B。

40．D [解析]本题是阅读综合理解能力考查题。选项A”一只蚂蚁怎样被移出蚁穴“不是文章主旨；选项B”蚂蚁在晚上做什么“不是文章主旨；选项C”蚂蚁如何在黑暗中找到路“不是文章主旨；选项D”蚂蚁死后会发生什么“符合文章内容。因此只能选D。

参考译文

蚂蚁的死亡

一只蚂蚁死后，别的蚂蚁会把它挪出蚁穴。科学家认为这一现象很有趣，他们想知道蚂蚁们如何迅速准确地得知有只同伴死了。

加州大学科学家周东环发现阿根廷蚂蚁的身体能向外释放一种化学物质告诉同伴：”我死了，把我挪走吧。“

让周东环在研究中疑惑不解的是蚂蚁都像僵尸一般，不仅是死蚂蚁，活的蚂蚁也有这种死亡化学物质。换句话说，当一只蚂蚁在餐厅或家中爬行时，它就在告诉同伴他死了。

是什么令蚂蚁们并没有拖走活着的同伴?周发现阿根廷蚂蚁身体上有两种化学物质，这些物质能向周围的蚂蚁传达诸如”等等，我还没死呢“这样的信息。因此，周的研究发现了两种化学物质信号。一种说明”我死了“，另一种说”我还没死呢“。

其他科学家也试图发现蚂蚁如何知道一个同伴已经死去。如果一个蚂蚁昏迷了，其他蚂蚁能在它醒过来前不碰它。这意味着蚂蚁们知道没有动的同伴有可能仍然活着。

周指出，当一只阿根廷蚂蚁死后，发出”等等，我还没死呢“这一信号的化学物质立刻消失。一旦这种物质消失，就只有发出”我死了“的化学物质。周说，”这是因为死去的蚂蚁散发的味道不同于活着的蚂蚁，因而应该被带到坟墓去了。并不是因为蚂蚁在死后产生新化学物质。“当其他蚂蚁监测到”我没死“化学物质消失了，而只有”我死了“物质，它们就将尸体拖走。这是周的假设。

为了证明这一假设，周和他的团队将不同的化学物质涂在阿根廷蚂蚁的蛹上。当科学家用”我已死“化学物质时，蚂蚁们立刻将处理过的蛹拉走。当科学家使用”等等，我还没死“这一化学物质时，其他蚂蚁并不碰这个蛹。周认为这一行为说明蚂蚁选择时，”还没死“物质要优先于”死亡“物质。而且当一只蚂蚁死后，”还没死“化学物质逐渐消失。其他周围的蚂蚁才感觉到”死亡“物质，并将尸体拖离蚁穴。

第三篇

41．C[解析]本题是细节考查题。冰人尸体被发现的原因在文章的第一段提到。选项A”两个德国人正在爬山“；选项B”他刚好在一个山口上“；选项C”融化的冰将他暴露出来“；选项D”他躺在冰上“。因此只能选C。

42．A[解析]本题是阅读理解能力考查题。能从第二段推断出的是以下哪项?选项A ”冰人有可能死于头部伤口“；选项B”冰人背后受袭击而致死“；选项c”冰人工作时被杀害“；选项D”冰人生活贫困“。原文是”它面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好“，仅就此推断，冰人可能死于头部伤，因此答案是A。

43．B [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是下列哪项不属于人们对冰人作出的种种猜测。原文在第三段。选项A”他是一战时期的士兵“；选项C”他是一位瑞士妇女失踪多年的父亲“；选项D”他大约一千年前出生“均在该段中有所提及。选项B”他来自意大利“在文章中没有出现。因此答案是B。

44．C [解析]本题是细节考查题。原题是科学家对冰人的推论是什么。原文在第四段。选项A”他的肩膀被箭头刺伤“是事实而非推论；选项B”皮肤上的小孔导致他的死亡“不符合事实；选项C”有可能参与过战斗“是推论；选项D”头后部有伤口“是事实而非推论因此只能选C。

45．A [解析]本题是阅读理解能力考察题。第四段”bandits“是什么意思?选项A”强盗“；选项B”射击手“；选项C”士兵“；选项D”猎人“。只有选项A与其他三项意义相距甚远。因此只能选A。

参考译文

冰人

1991年九月的一天，两位德国人正在攀登奥地利和意大利之间的山脉。爬到一个山口它们发现了一具躺在冰上的尸体。在这样的高度(10499英尺或3200米)，冰通常是常年不化的。但是1991年是特别暖的一年，山上的冰比从前消融的迅速，所以尸体才显露出来。

他面朝下，除了头部有伤外，骨架状况很好。骨头上依然有皮肤和残余的衣物。尸体双手仍然握着斧头的木柄，双脚穿着简单的由皮革和布料做的靴子，他附近有树皮做的一双手套和一个箭筒。

他是谁?他在什么时候怎样死去的?人人的解释都不同。有人认为他就是本世纪的人，有可能是一战时期阵亡的士兵，因为在这附近已经有士兵被发现了。一位瑞士妇女相信他是自己二十年前在这些山脉间去世的父亲，他的遗体一直没有被找到。赶去查看的科学家认为这一尸体可能更久远，它甚至有一千岁了。

科学家们运用最新的年代确定技术很快获悉这一冰人已有大约5300岁了。他大约出生在公元前3300年，生活在欧洲的青铜器时代。起初科学家们认为他有可能在高山间打猎时出事故而身亡。然而最近的一些证据显示不同。新型的X光表明他的肩膀上仍有一个箭头，皮肤上只有一个小孔，但却导致内部损伤和失血。几乎可以肯定他死于这个伤，而不是脑后的伤口。这说明他有可能参与过战争。这场战争有可能是大型战争的一部分或者其间他和强盗博斗过，甚至他本人就可能是强盗。

通过研究他的衣服和工具，科学家们就已经知道有关冰人生活的时代的很多内容。我们有可能永远无法知道他死亡的真相，但是他给我们提供了了解那个远古时代的重要线索。

第5部分：补全短文

46．A [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到”他允许他们自己制定薪水，但会削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作“，而下一句应该解释这种做法的原因。选项A说明”这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等“，与上下文联系最紧密，因此选A。

47．C [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。本段主要讲semler如何改造公司的外表，而选项中只有C提到这方面的内容，”员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间“放在这里是和前后两句话的并列。因此选C。

48．B [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解和对文章细节的把握。上一句说到”但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动“，下一句需要说到Robin怎样行动，因此选项B”他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理“最符合题目要求。

49．F [解析]本题考查的是对段落主旨的理解和对文章细节的把握。这一段讲述了Semco给予员工的自由，而选项中只有F”Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天“与此内容相关，因此选F。

50．E [解析]本题考查的是对上下文之间意义关系的理解。上一句说到同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作，而下一句应具体解释这种压力如何发挥作用。选项E”如果有人表现不好。其他人会制止这一局面“延续了这一句的内容。因此选E。

参考译文

Semeo

Ricardo Semler 21岁就做了父亲在巴西的公司Semco的老板，该公司出售轮船部件。小semler是个工作狂，每天从早上七点半工作至深夜。一天下午，他在纽约参观工厂时晕倒了，治疗医生说：”你身体没有什么毛病，但你若一直这样工作，你会长期待在医院的。“semler听从了医生的话。他改变了自己的工作方式，事实上也改变了员工的工作方式。

他让员工担负更多责任，让他们为事情偏离轨道而担忧。他允许他们自己制定薪水，并且削减他认为不必要的，比如像接待员和秘书这样的工作。这样可以减少开支，并给公司带来更多平等。Semco的每个人，甚至高管都要自己接待客人、复印、发传真、打字和打电话。

他完全改造了semco：办公室没有墙，而是植物，因此老板不能与其他人隔开。员工可以随意装饰自己的工作空间。制服方面，则有人穿西装，有人穿体恤。

Semler说：”我们有个坐在那里看几个小时报纸的销售经理，叫Rubin Agater。他甚至不用去装着很忙碌的样子。但如果Semco在地球另一端的油泵坏了，上百万加仑的油即将注入大海时，Robin就会立刻跳起来行动。他了解关于我们公司油泵的任何事情，并能修理。那就是他挣工资的时候。别人并不关心其他时间他是否看上去忙忙碌碌。“

Semco有弹性工作时间：员工自己决定什么时候来上班，并且一年要两次评估老板。Semco也允许员工用公司的机器做自己的项目，并且一年至少能休假30天。

听上去很好?但这一切都起作用了么?答案在数字中：在过去的六年里，Semco的收入从三千五百万美元上升到两亿一千二百万美元。公司员工数量从八百增长到三千。为什么会发生这一切?

Semler认为这是因为”同伴的压力“。同伴的压力让员工努力为他人工作。如果有人表现不好，其他人会制止这一局面。换句话说，Ricardo semler给员工以成人的待遇，并希望他们有成人的行为。他们都做到了。

第6部分：完形填空

51．A[解析]release公布；suggest建议；accept接受；detect探测。根据下文内容，这里应该是”一个被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件“，因此选A。

52．A [解析]problem问题；g印间隙；sickness疾病；secret秘密。根据下文内容，这里应该是”失去指纹会带来多大麻烦“，因此选A。

53．B[解析]cut裁剪；treat治疗；find发现；smooth磨光。本句意思是”一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历“。因此选B。

54．D [解析]diet饮食；exercise锻炼；recovery康复；drug药品，最符合题意。本句意思是”经过这个药物三年的治疗后“。因此选D。

55．B [解析]介词for在这里指”持续……时间“。本句意思是”他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久“。因此选B。

56．D [解析]different不同的；strange奇怪的；interesting有趣的；distinctive独特的，最符合题意，指人手指上特有的旋涡状的指纹。本句意思是”因为在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记“。因此选D。

57．B [解析]本题考查词组side effect副作用。Good好的；normal正常的；main主要的。本句意思是”药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑“。因此选B。

58．C[解析]however但是，表示转折；meanwhile同时；hence因此，后面可以直接跟名词而独立成句，如：I fell off my bike yesterday hence the bruises．我昨天骑自行车摔倒了，所以青一块、紫一块的；yet仍然，还。本句意思为”药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹“。因此选C。

59．C [解析]chance机会；mark记号；loss消失；danger危险。本句的意思是”对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的“。因此选C。

60．C[解析]reporl报告；discourage使气馁；caution警告；praise赞美。本句意思是”所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单“。因此选C。

61．A [解析]note票据，单子；name姓名；book书本；number数字。本句意思是”给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单“。因此选A。

62．C [解析]本句意思是”但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带“。因此只能选C，withour。

63．C[解析]本句需要选一个关系代词引导非限定定语从句，并做定语从句的主语，因此只能选C，which。本句意思是”美国食品和药物局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了“。

64．C [解析]collect收集；copy模仿；associate联系；test测验。本句意思是”应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单“。

65．B [解析]本句是时间状语no w}lere提前构成的部分倒装句，谓语要由助动词does放在主语前。本句意思是”但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。“因此选B。

参考译文

指纹消失事件

一种非常有效的抗癌药物能够清除箩状指纹和其他使指纹与众不同的标志。失去指纹可是会有很大麻烦。一封被肿瘤学年报在网上公布的信件说明了失去指纹会带来多大麻烦。

Eng-Huat ran，一个新加坡籍的医学博士描述了用卡培他滨治疗一位患鼻咽癌的62岁老人的经历。经过这个药物三年的治疗后，这位病人去年十二月份决定去美国拜访亲戚。在他进入这个国家后，他被美国海关人员拦截了4小时之久，因为这些官员无法从他身上获取指纹。在他的食指上没有独特的旋涡状的指纹标记。

”美国海关数年以来一直都会采集来访外国人的指纹，“Tan说：”不幸的是，对于这位新加坡旅行者来说，药物治疗的一个潜在的副作用就是会使指尖上的肉垫组织变光滑，因此会没有指纹。“

”对于服用卡培他滨的病人来说，指纹何时会消失是不确定的，“Tan指出。所以他警告每位医师在给病人开药时要给病人开具他们的药物可能会使指纹消失的证明单。

最终，那位新加坡旅客终于进入了美国。我猜想他护照上的名字没有带有任何危险信号。但是他同样要带有医师开的证明单--并且要随身携带。

顺便提一下，美国食品药物管理局已经准许这一药物的使用有11年之久了，应该考虑更新与该药物有关的副作用清单。现有的副作用清单中确实列出病人会经历呕吐、胃痛和其他副作用，但是却没有提及失去指纹的潜在危险。

2011年全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试试卷

理工类B级

第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。Marsha confessed that she know nothing of computer.A reported

B hoped

C answered

D admitted We need to extract the relevant financial data.A store

B save

C review

D obtain Mr.Henley has accelerated his sale of shares over the past year.A held B increased

C expected D

offered The police believe the motive for the murder was jealousy.A choice

B idea

C decision

D reason The high-speed trains can have major impact on our lives

A effort

B influence

C problem D concern His shoes were shinedto perfection.A cleared B washed

C mended D polished We explored the possibility of expansion at the conference.A offered

B included

C accepted

D investigated The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.A continuous

B relative

C general

D sharp Anderson left the table，remarking that he had some work to do.A saying

B

doubting

C thinking

D knowing We have to act within the existing legal framework.A limit

B

system

C procedure D status She always finds fault with everything.A simplifies

B

evaluates

C examines

D criticizes The view from my bedroom window was absolutely spectacular.A magnificent B

general

C traditional

D strong At that time，we did not fully graspthe significance of what had happened.A give

B

understand

C attach

D lose They converted the spare bedroom into an office.A turned

B reduced

C moved

D reformed Jane said that she couldn't tolerate the long hours.A spend

B take

C last

D stand

第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Lakes, Too, Feel Global Warming

There's no doubt: In the last few decades, the average temperature on Earth has been higher than it's been in hundreds of years.Around the world, people are starting to measure the effects of global warmingby an average of about 0.045 degree Celsius per year.In some places, lakes have been warming by as much as 0.10 degree Celsius per year.At that rate, a lake may warm by a full degree Celsius, or 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, in just 10 years.That difference may seem smalla large amount even by today's standards.Lindbergh knew he had the skills to complete the flight, but not just any plane was capable of flying that far for that long.____(49)

On May 20, 1927, Charles Lindbergh took off from Roosevelt Field in New York City and arrived the next day at an airstrip(简易机场)outside Paris.Named in honor of the sponsor, The Spirit of St.Louis carried Lindbergh across the Atlantic Ocean and into the record books.He became a national hero and a huge celebrity.When he returned to the United States, Lindbergh rode in a ticker-tape(热烈的)parade held to celebrate his accomplishment.was even named for Charles Lindbergh-the kept at the Smithsonian Institute's National Air ____(50)A very popular dance Lindy Hop.Today, The Spirit of St.Louis is and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.A Eighty years' ago, radio and movies were just beginning to have that kind of effect on Americans.B Working with an aviation company from San Diego, California, and with financial help from the city of St.Louis, Lindbergh got a customized(定制的)airplane that could make the journey.C He also received a Medal of Honor, the highest United States military decoration.D He quit school and moved to Nebraska where he-learned to be a pilot.E His childhood was not full of fond memories.F Lindbergh used this additional training to get a job as an airmail pilot, flying out of St Louis, Missouri.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens

While some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to ”self-medicate“ against the blues, scientists at the University of Toronto1 and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually(51)depressive symptoms in some teens.”This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived(52)benefits of smoking among teens,“ says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto.”(53)cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long 54 we found that teens who started to smoke reported5 higher depressive symptoms.“

As part of the study，some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 20 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to(55)mood．Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools 56 in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighbourhoods6．

Participants were divided into three(57): never smokers;smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical(58);smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate.Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had(59)going to sleep or staying asleep;felt unhappy，sad.or depressed;felt hopeless about the future；felt vexed, antsy or tense;and worried too much about things.”Smokers who used cigarettes as mood(60)had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms(61)teens who had never smoked,“ says co-researcher Jennifer 0'Loughlin，a professor at the University of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine．”0ur study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are(62)higher risk of depressive symptoms.“

The(63)between depression and smoking exists(64)among teens that use cigarettes to feel better.” It's(65)to emphasize that depressive symptom scores8 were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke," says Dr.Chaiton．

51．A diagnose B increase C examine D treat

52．A financial B material C emotional D political

53．A Whatever B Although C Since D If

54．A road B term C journey D distance

55．A affect B judge C lead D study

56．A located B moved C exposed D mixed

57．A groups B sets C species D versions

58．A beauty B state C world D activity

59．A time B courage C trouble D energy

60．A tellers B improvers C creators D designers

61．A not B than C but D that

62．A at B in C about D without

63．A association B cooperation C difference D agreement

64．A probably B principally C occasionally D scarcely

65．A important B meaningless C illogical D friendly

参考答案：

第1 部分：词汇选项 A2 D3 B 4 D 5 C 6 D7 C 8 A9 A 10 B 11 D12 A 13 B 14 C15 D 第2 部分：阅读判断 B17 B 18 C19 A 20 A 21 B 22 C 第3 部分：概括大意与完成句子 F24 C 25 E 26 D 27 F28 A 29 C 30 B 第4 部分：阅读理解

D 32 C 33 A 34 A35 B 36 B37 D38 C39 C40 A41 C 42 D 43 C 44 D45 C 第5 部分：补金短文 46 A 47 D48 F49 B 50 C 第6 部分：完形填空

B 52 C53 B 54 B 55 A 56 A 57 A 58 B 59 C 60 B61 B 62 A 63 A64 B 65 A

第五篇：2013年职称英语考试综合A级押题

2013年职称英语考试综合A级精准押题（综合类A级）

第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.The news will horrify everyone.A.attract B.terrify C.tempt D.excite

2.The article sketched the major events of the decade.A.described B.offered C.outlined D.presented

3.I won't tolerate that kind of behavior.A.bear B.accept C.admit D.take

4.Their style of playing football is utterly different.A.barely B.scarcely C.hardly D.totally

5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.A.advised B.caused C.forced D.promised

6.Even sensible men do absurd things.A.unusual B.ridiculous C.special D.typical

7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning.A.walked B.came C.fled D.ran

8.This sort of thing is bound to happen.A.sure B.quick C.fast D.swift

9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A.boss B.manager C.star D.dictator

10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A.judge B.assess C.distinguish D.recognize

11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it.A.liveB.sleep C.hide D.gather

12.The index is the government's chief gauge of future economic activity.A.method B.measure C.way D.manner

13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.A.old-fashioned B.traditional C.conventional D.balanced

14.The food is inadequate for ten people.A.demanded B.qualified C.insufficient D.required

15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.A.persisted B.insisted C.resisted D.suggested

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，第题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C.Creating a World without Smoking

Smoking will be banned in all pubs,clubs and workplaces from next year affter historic votes in the Commons last night.After last-minute appeals from health campaigners,MPs opted for a blanket prohibition which will start in summer 2007,ending months of argumeng over whether smokers should be barred in pubs and restaurants only.They voted to ban smoking in all pubs and clubs by 384 to 184,a surprisingly large majority of 200.Smoking will still be allowed in the home and in places considered to be homes,such as prisons,care homes and hotels.Smokers lighting up in banned areas will face a fixed penality notice of ￡50 and spot fines of ￡200 will be introduced for failing to display no-smoking signs,with the possible penalty,if the issue goes to court,increasing to ￡1,000.Carpline Flint,the Public Health Minister,also announced that the fine for failing to stop people smoking in banned areas would be increased to ￡2,500-more than ten times the ￡200 originally proposed.The Bill also allows the Government to increase the age for buying cigarettes.Ministers will consult on raising it from 16 to 18.The Bill now goes to the Lords but will be through by the summer recess.Even a plan to allow smoking to continue in private clubs was thrown out as MPs on all sides were given permission to vote with their conscience rather than on a party line.Patricia Hewitt,the Health Secretary,said the Health Bill would ban smoking in“virtually every enclosed public place and workplace”in England and save thousands of lives a year.Smoke-free workplaces and public places“will become the norm”.She said:“An additional 600,000 people will give up smoking as a result of this law and millions more will be protected from second-hand smoke.”

Peter Hollins,director-general of the British Heart Foundation,said:“The vote is a landmark victory for the public health of this country and will save the lives of many people.”

16.A ban on smoking in all pubs,clubs and workplaces will begin in summer 2007.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

17.The law doesn't seem to apply to officials.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18.One can nevertheless smoke at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

19.There is a possibility for the Government to raise the age for buying cigarettes.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

20.The Government will shut down cigarette factories in large numbers.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21.The Government will definitely impose a much heavier tax on tobacco.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

22.The Government will take necessary measures to help smokers give up smoking.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

Things to Know about the UK

1From Buckingham Palace to Oxford,the UK is loaded with wonderful icons（标志）of past eras.But it has also modernized with confidence.It's now better known for vibrant（充满活力的）cities with great nightlife and attraction.Fashions,fine dining,clubbing,shopping-the UK is among the world's best.2Most people have strong preconceptions about the British.But if you're one of these people,you'd be wise to abandon those ideas.Visit a nightclub in one of the big cities,a football match,or a good local pub and you might more readily describe the English people as humorous and hospitable.It's certainly true that no other country in the world has more bird-watchers,sports supporters,pet owners and gardeners than the UK.3Getting around England is pretty easy.Budget（廉价的）airlines like Easyjet and Rynnair fly domestically.Trains can deliver you very efficiently from one major city to another.Long distance express buses are called coaches.Where coaches and buses run on the same route,coaches are more expensive（though quicker）than buses.London's famous black cabs are excellent but expensive.Minicabs are cheaper competitors,with freelance（个体的）drivers.But usually you need to give a call first.London's underground is called the Tube.It's very convenient and can get you to almost any part of the city.4The UK is not famous for its food.But you still need to know some of the traditional English foods.The most famous must be fish and chips.The fish and chips are deep fried in flour.English breakfast is something you need to try.It is fried bacon,sausages,fried eggs,black pudding,fried tomatoes,fried bread and baked beans,with toast and a pot of tea.Other things like shepherd's pie and Yorkshire pudding are also well-known as a part of English food culture.5Pubbing and clubbing are the main forms of English nightlife,especially for the young.Pubbing means going to a pub with friends,having drinks,and chatting.Clubbing is different from pubbing and includes going to a pub,or a place of music,or a bar,or any other places to gather with friends.Clubbing can be found everywhere.Usually there is some kind of dress code for clubbing,such as no jeans,no sportswear,or smart clubwear,while pubbing is much more casual.23.Paragraph 2 24.Paragraph 3 25.Paragraph 4 26.Paragraph 5 A Education B People C Transport D Drinks E Food F Nightlife

....4

27.The UK is a country that is.28.The British people are.29.Coaches in the UK are.30.Fish and chips are.A faster but more expensive than buses B both ancient and modern C humorous and hospitable D cheap and efficient E traditional and famous F clever and hardworking

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

Trying to Find a Parther

One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?

It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn't expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate（心上人）was constrained by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged.Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster（牡蛎）,you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.5

We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn't,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don't put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.31.What does the recent poll show? A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl.C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.D.It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.32.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple? A.The wife doesn't have to raise the children all by herself.B.The husband doesn't have to support the family all by himself.C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment.33.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one's choice of soulmate in the old days? A.The health condition of his or her grandmother.B.The geographical environment.C.The social convention.D.The family tradition.34.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage? A.Good looks.B.An impressive career.C.A high salary.D.A fine sense of humor.35.The word“sustain”（paragraph 2）could be best replaced by A.“reduce”.B.“shake”.C.“maintain”.D.“weaken”.第二篇

Milosevic's Death

Former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic was found dead last Saturday in his cell at the Hague-based International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.The 64-year-old had been on trial there since February 2002.Born in provincial Pozarevac in 1941,he was the second son of a priest and a school teacher.Both of his parents died when he was still a young adult.The young Milosevic was“untypical”,says Slavoljub Djukic,his unofficial biographer.He was“not interested in sports,avoided excursions（短途旅行）and used to come to school dressed in the old-fashioned way-white shirt and tie.”One of his old friends said,he could“imagine him as a station-master or punctilious（一丝不苟的）civil servant.”

Indeed that is exactly what he might have become,had he not married Mira.She was widely believed to be his driving force.At university and beyond he did well.He worked for various firms and was a communist party member.By 1986 he was head of Serbia's Central Committee.But still he had not yet really been noticed.It was Kosovo that gave him his chance.An autonomous province of Serbia,Kosovo was home to an Albanian majority and a Serbian minority.In 1989,he was sent there to calm fears of Serbians who felt they were discriminated against.But instead he played the nationalist card and became their champion.In so doing,he changed into a ruthless（无情的）and determined man.At home with Mira he plotted the downfall of his political enemies.Conspiring（密谋）with the director of Serbian TV,he mounted a modern media campaign which aimed to get him the most power in the country.He was elected Serbian president in 1990.In 1997,he became president of Yugoslavia.The rest of the story is well-known:his nationalist card caused Yugoslavia's other ethnic groups to fight for their own rights,power and lands.Yugoslavia broke up when four of the six republics declared independence in 1991.War started and lasted for years and millions died.Then Western countries intervened.NATO bombed Yugoslavia,and he eventually stepped down as state leader in 2000.Soon after this,Serbia's new government,led by Zoran Djindjic,arrested him and sent him to face justice at the Yugoslav war crimes tribunal in the Hague.36.Where did Milosevic die? A.In a basement.B.In a prison.C.In Kosovo.D.In his own country.37.Which of the following is NOT true of the young Milosevic? A.He dressed in a pretty old-fashioned way.B.He was not interested in sports.C.He often avoided excursions.D.He was extremely ambitious.38.All of the following persons changed his fate in one way or another except

A.Mira.B.his parents.7

C.Zoran Djindjic.D.the Director of Serbian TV.39.Why was Milosevic sent to Kosovo in 1989? A.To handle economic issues.B.To drive the Albanians back to their own country.C.To remove the Serbians' fears of being discriminated against.D.To launch an attack against his political enemies.40.What happened in 1991? A.Yugoslavia broke up.B.Western countries intervened.C.NATO bombed Yugoslavia.D.Milosevic was arrested.第三篇

The World Cup

This summer's World Cup competition will see teams competing to play the world's best football.But the football they play will not all be of the same kind.The fans expect different styles of play from Brazil,Germany,or Italy.What makes Brazilian football Brazilian?Our style of playing football contrasts with the Europeans because of a combination of qualities of surprise,accuracy and good judgment.This style has won Brazil five world cups.Yet many Brazilian fans only count four of these victories.In 1994,the team abandoned this style for modern,scientific training and tactics.The team won the cup,but in a boring way.The ltalians think differently.“To many ltalians,the score 0-0 has a glorious quality,suggesting perfection,”says the British football writer Simon Kuper.In the ltalian culture,the idea of face is very important.This is why ltalian teams are traditionally built around strong defences.The Dutch footballer Johan Cruyff once said that ltalian teams never exactly beat you.It's just that you often lose to them.In Holland,there is a tradition of decision making through argument and discussion.It is a society where everybody is expected to have a point of view.“Every Dutch player wants to control the game,”says Arnold Muhren.“You play football with your brains and not your feet.”

“A Dutch player argues,”says Simon Kuper.“An English player obeys his superior.He is a soldier.”The qualities valued in English football are military-strength,aggression and courage.This can make for exciting football.But it also means that the English find it difficult to use skillful players.David Beckham is usually criticized for his failure to defend-despite the fact that he is an attacker.8

If the English like to fight,the Germans like to win.In recent years,Germany has tried to change its image as a country of ruthless efficiency and a desire for victory at all costs.But Germans are quite happy for these qualities to remain in their national football team.“Football is a simple game,”Gary Lineker once said.“You kick a ball about for ninety minutes and in the end the Germans win.”

It's difficult to predict who will win this year's World Cup.There is no strong favorite.But a look at the track record of previous winners shows that it is the nations with the strongest national characteristics in the football that perform best.It seems that you need to know where you come from if you want to get to the top.41.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Brazilian style of playing football? A.Accuracy.B.Surprise.C.Good judgment.D.Ruthless efficiency.42.Why do many lialians think that the score 0-0 has a glorious quality? A.Because it makes no one lose face.B.Because the ltalian team is not very strong.C.Because ltalians are nice people.D.Because that score is what their team could obtain.43.What is one expected to do in Holland? A.To play football.B.To express his or her opinion freely.C.To make a fuss about nothing.D.To beat his or her opponents ruthlessly.44.Which of the following is NOT true of the British football players? A.They are aggressive.B.They are courageous.C.They play football for friendship.D.They obey their superiors.45.Who will win this year's World Cup? A.The Brazilian team.B.The ltalian team.C.The German Team.D.It is unpredictable.第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

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American Dreams

There is a common response to America among foreign writers:the US is a land of extremes where the best of things qre just as easily found as the worst.This is a cliche（陈词滥调）.In the land of black and white,people should not be too surprised to find some of the biggest gaps between the rich and the poor in the world.But the American Dream offers a way out to everyone.（46）No class system or govemment stands in the way.Sadly,this old argument is no longer true.Over the past few decades there has been a fundamental shift in the structure of the American economy.The gap between the rich and the poor has widened and widened.（47）

Over the past 25 years the median US family income has gone up 18 per cent.For the top 1 per cent,however,it has gone up 200 per cent.Twenty-five years ago the top fifth of Americans had an average income 6.7 times that of the bottom fifth.（48）

Inequalities have grown worse in different regions.In California,incomes for lower class families have fallen by 4 per cent since 1969.（49）This has led to an economy hugely in favor of a small group of very rich Americans.The wealthiest 1 per cent of households now control a third of the national wealth.There are now 37 million Americans living in poverty.At 12.7 per cent of the population,it is the highest percentage in the developed world.Yet the tax burden on America's rich is falling,not growing.（50）There was an economic theory holding that the rich spending more would benefit everyone as a whole.But clearly that theory has not worked in reality.A Nobody is poor in the US.B The top 0.01 per cent of households has seen its tax bite fall by a full 25 percentage points since 1980.C For upper class families they have risen 41 per cent.D Now it is 9.8 times.E As it does so,the possibility to cross that gap gets smaller and smaller.F All one has to do is to work hard and climb the ladder towards the top.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Sending E-mails to Professors

One student skipped class and then sent the professor an e-mail（51）for copies of her teaching notes.Another（52）that she was late for a Monday class because she was recovering from drinking too much at a wild weekend party.At colleges and universities in the US,e-mail has made professors more approachable（平易近人）.But many say it has made them too accessible,（53）boundaries that traditionally kept students at a healthy distance.These days,professors say,students seem to view them as available（54）the clock,sending a steady stream of informal e-mails.“The tone that they take in e-mails is pretty astounding（令人吃惊的）,”said Michael Kessler,an assistant dean at Georgetown University.“They'll（55）you to help:'I need to know this.'”

“There's a fine（56）between meeting their needs and at the same time maintaining a level of legitimacy（正统性）as an（57）who is in charge.”

Christopher Dede,a professor at the Harvard Graduate School of Education,said（58）show that students no longer defer to（听从）their professors,perhaps because they realize that professors'（59）could rapidly become outdated.“The deference was driven by the（60）that professors were all-knowing sources of deep knowledge,”Dede said,and that notion has（61）.For junior faculty members,e-mails bring new tension into their work,some say,as they struggle with how to（62）.Their job prospects,they realize,may rest in part on student evaluations of their accessibility.College students say e-mail makes（63）easier to ask questions and helps them learn.But they seem unaware that what they write in e-mails could have negative effects（64）them,said Alexandra Lahav,and associate professor of Law at the University of Connecticut.She recalled an e-mail message from a student saying that he planned to miss class so he could play with his son.Professor Lahav did not respond.“Such e-mails can have consequences,”she said.“Students don't understand that（65）they say in e-mail can make them seem unprofessional,and could result in a bad recommendation.” 51.A.providing

B.offering C.supplying D.asking 52.A.complained B.argued

C.explained D.believed 53.A.removing B.moving C.putting D.placing 54.A.about B.around C.at D.from 55.A.control B.shout C.order D.make 56.A.requirement B.contradiction C.tension D.balance 57.A.teacher B.instructor C.lecturer D.professor 58.A.e-mails B.passages C.texts D.books 59.A.technology B.expertise C.science D.imagination 60.A.tradition B.sense C.notion D.meaning

61.A.strengthened B.weakened C.reinforced D.consolidated 62.A.ask B.question C.respond D.request 63.A.him B.her C.you D.it 64.A.on B.against C.in D.about 65.A.this B.which C.that D.what

标准答案

英语—综合类A卷（A级）

1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A 6.B 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.A 17.B 18.A 19.A 20.C 21.C 22.C 23.B 24.C 25.E 26.F 27.B 28.C 29.A 30.E 31.B 32.D 33.A 34.D 35.C 36.B 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.A 41.D 42.A 43.B 44.C 45.D 46.F 47.E 48.D 49.C 50.B 51.D 52.C 53.A 54.B 55.C 56.D 57.B 58.A 59.B 60.C 61.B 62.C 63.D 64.A 65.D