2012年职称英语考试综合类C级试题及参考答案

第一篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类C级试题及参考答案

博大教育2012年职称英语考试综合类C级试题及参考答案

2012年职称英语考试已经顺利结束，从2012年的职称英语考试的真实反馈以及我们对于考试真实情况的了解。博大考神12.0职称英语家庭式培训班再次精准的命中了所有的类别级别各30分的题目，帮助众多的考生再次获得了令人满意的成绩。下面是博大考神专家提供的职称英语考试综合类C级真题试卷参考答案。

第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The storm caused severe damage.A．physical B．accidental C．serious D．environmental 【博大考神答案】：C

2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early A．selected B．operated C．developed D．discovered 【博大考神答案】：D

3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers A．real B．main C．only D．practical

【博大考神答案】：C

4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy A．gathered B．watched C．shouted D．walked

【博大考神答案】：A

5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia A．gradual B．regular C．direst D．occasional 【博大考神答案】：B

6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers A．wild B．fresh C．lovely D．false

【博大考神答案】：D

7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply A．typical B．complete C．clean D．clear

【博大考神答案】：C

8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply A．critically B．helplessy C．politely D．quickly

【博大考神答案】：A

9、She only needs a minute amount of money A．certain B．fair C．full D．small

【博大考神答案】：D

10、Keep your passport in a secure place A．special B．good C．safe D．different

【博大考神答案】：C

11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport A．encouraged B．allowed C．called D．advised

【博大考神答案】：A

12、Did she accept his research proposal? A．invitation B．plan C．offer D．view

【博大考神答案】：B

13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb A．covered B．destroyed C．reduced D．moved

【博大考神答案】：B

14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account A．leave B．pay C．put D．draw

【博大考神答案】：D

15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious A．hate B．need C．love D．pity

【博大考神答案】：D

第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

Brotherly Love

Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop stars and rock musicians famous all over the world.But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of Herzogenaurach, Germany.Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker.They loved sport but complained that they could never find comfortable shoes to play in.Rudolph always said, 'You cannot play sports wearing shoes that you'd walk around town with.' So they started making their own.In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes（钉），produced on the Dasslers' kitchen table.On lst July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brothers Ltd and they worked together for many years.The company became successful and it provided the shoes for Germany's athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.But in 1948 the brothers argued.No one knows exactly what happened, but family members have suggested that the argument was about money or women.The result was that Adolph left the company.His nickname was Adi, and using this and the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too.At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat.The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has hardly changed since.After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and their companies have now been in competition for over sixty years.Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful than Puma.A hip hop group, Run DMC, has even written a song called “My Adidas” and in 2005 Adidas bought Reebok, another big sports shoe company.The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over sixty years ago, the town has been split into two.Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees don't talk to each other.16.Adidas and puma began to make shoes at the end of 19th century.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：B

17.The brothers’ father was a ball maker.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：B

18.The brothers make shoes at home.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：A

19.The brothers argued about the shoes.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：B

20.The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：A

21.Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.A.Right B.Wrong C.Not mention 【博大考神答案】：C

22.People in town have forgotten their argument.【博大考神答案】：B

第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Who Built Giza’s Pyramids（金字塔）? For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture.But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure.But archeologists（考古学家）recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids.Close by, there was also a cemetery（墓地）where pyramid builders were buried.From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.Ordinary Egyptians built them.It took about eighty years to build the pyramids.According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task.The workers had different roles.Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.People also worked on different teams, each with its own name.On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote “Friends of Khufu.” Teams often competed to do a job faster.3 Life for these workers was hard.“We can see that in their skeletons（骨架）,” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery.The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery.The damage to their bones is similar to the men's.Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work.”lt's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,“ says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass.“They were building Egypt.It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”

23.Paragraph 1___A___ 24.Paragraph 2___C___ 25.Paragraph 3___D___ 26.Paragraph 4___E___ A.Builders of the pyramids B.Egyptian slaves

C.Pyramid builders' jobs

D.Pyramid builders' tough lives E.An important national project

F.Female pyramid builders: the challenges 27.The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___

28.To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___

29.Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___

30.The pyramid builders were proud ___E___ A.of their king

B.from taking heavy things C.on different teams D.by foreigners E.of their work

F.by ordinary Egyptians

第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇

From Ponzi to Madoff

The year was 1920.The country was the United States of America.The man's name was Charles Ponzi.Ponzi told people to stop depositing money in a savings account.Instead, they should give it to him to save for them.Ponzi promised to pay them more than the bank.For example, a savings account might pay you $5 a year for every $100 you deposit.Ponzi, however, would pay you $40 a year for every $100 you gave him to hold.Many people thought this was a good plan.They began to give their money to Ponzi.How could Ponzi make so much money for people? This is what he did with the money people gave him: He used some of that money to pay other people who gave him money.However, he also kept a lot of the money for himself.Soon he had $250 million.This was a kind of theft, and it was against the law.The people who gave him their money didn't think anything was wrong.Ponzi paid them every month, just like a bank.Ponzi continued this way of working for two years.Then one day, he didn't have enough money to pay all the people.They discovered his crime, and he went to prison for fraud.Ninety years later, people began to hear about a businessman in New York named Bernard Madoff.People said he gave good advice about money.They said when they gave him their money, he paid them a lot more than the bank.Madoff helped hospitals, schools, and individuals earn money.Over a period of 40 years, people gave him $170 billion.However, no one investigated what he did with the money.The people who gave Madoff their money also didn't think anything was wrong because he paid them every month.One day, Madoff didn't have enough money to pay all the people he needed to pay.That's when people discovered how Madoff worked: He was taking money from some people to pay other people, just the way Charles Ponzi did.However, this time, instead of losing millions of dollars, people lost billions.Madoff was accused of fraud, and United States government officials arrested him.He didn't have to go on trial because he said he was guilty.In 2009, a judge sentenced him t0 150 years in prison.Bernard Madoff's crime was even bigger than Ponzi's.It was the biggest fraud in history.The lesson of this story is clear: When something seems too good to be true, it probably is!31.For every $100, Ponzi promised to pay people A.$5 a year.B.$20 a year.C.$40 a year.D.$100 a year.【博大考神答案】：C

32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him? A.He spent it all on things for himself.B.He used some of it to pay other people.C.He deposited it all in a bank.D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.【博大考神答案】：B 33.What was Ponzi's crime?

A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.B.He gave people more than the bank did.C.He kept a lot of other people's money for himself.D.He did not pay people their interests.【博大考神答案】：D

34.How long did Madoffs tricks last? A.Forty years.B.Four year.C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.【博大考神答案】：A

35.Why didn't Madoff have to go on trial?

A.The officiais couldn't find any evidence against him.B.He had friends in the government who helped him.C.He admitted he was guilty.D.He returned all the illegal money.【博大考神答案】：C 第二篇

Puerto Rican Cuisine（菜肴）

Puerto Rico, a Caribbean(加勒比海区)island rich in history and remarkable natural beauty, has a cuisine all its own.Immigration（移民）to the island has helped to shape its cuisine, with people from all over the world making various contributions to it.However, before the arrival of these immigrants, the Taino people lived on the island of Puerto Rico.Taino cuisine included such foods as rodents(啮齿动物), fresh shellfish and fish fried in corn oil.Many aspects of Taino cuisine continue today in Puerto Rican cooking, but it has been heavily influenced by the Spanish, who invaded Puerto Rico in 1508, and Africans, who were initially brought to Puerto Rico to work as slaves.Taino cooking styles were mixed with ideas brought by the Spanish and Africans to create new dishes.The Spanish extended food choices by bringing cattle, pigs, goats, and sheep to the island.Africans also added to the island's food culture by introducing powerful, contrasting tastes in dishes.In fact, much of the food Puerto Rico is now famous forwas actually imported by foreigners to the island.A common assumption many people make about Puerto Rican food is that it is very spicy(辛辣的).lt's true that chili peppers are popular;aij caballero in particular is a very hot chili pepper that Puerto Ricans enjoy.However, milder(微辣的)tastes are popular too, such as sofrito.As the base of many Puerto Rican dishes, sofrito is a sauce made from chopped onions, green bell peppers, sweet chili peppers, and a handful of other spices.It is fried in oil and then added to other dishes.36、who lived in Puerto Rico first A．the Africans B．the Spanish C．the Americans D．the Taino people 【博大考神答案】：D

37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to A．immigration B．Caribbean history

C．the island’s natural beauty D．Puerto Rican cuisine 【博大考神答案】：D

38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph? A．Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking B．Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican C．Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences D．African foods have probably had the most influence 【博大考神答案】：C

39、How is sofrito used？ A．It is eaten before meals B．It is added to other dishes C．It is used where foods are too spicy D．It is eaten as a main dish 【博大考神答案】：B

40、which of the following is NOT true? A．softito is a type of extremely spicy food B．Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy C．Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers D．Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper 【博大考神答案】：A 第三篇

The Changing Middle Class

The United States perceives itself to be a middle-class nation.However，middle class is not a real designation，nor does it carry privileges（特权）.It is more of a perception，which probably was as true as it ever could be right after World War II.The economy was growing，more and more people owned their own homes，workers had solid contracts with the companies that employed them，and nearly everyone who wanted a higher education could have one.Successful people enjoyed upward social mobility.They may have started out poor，but they could become rich.Successful people also found that they had greater geographic mobility.In other words，they found themselves moving to and living in a variety of places.The middle class collectively holds several values and principles.One strong value is the need to earn enough money to feel that one can determine one’s own economic fate.In addition, middle-class morality（道德观）embraces principles of individual responsibility, importance of family, obligations to others，and believing in something outside oneself.But in the 1990s those in the middle class found that there was a price for success.A U.S.News & World Report survey in 1994 indicated that 75 percent of Americans believed that middle class families could no longer make ends meet.Both spouses now worked, as did some of the children;long commutes became routine;the need for child care put strains on the family;and public schools were not as good as they once were.Members of the middle class were no longer financing their lifestyles through earnings but were using credit to stay afloat.The understanding of just what middle class meant was changing.41.This passage gives information about A.a social and economic group.B.an individual.C.a political organization.D.a government department.【博大考神答案】：A

42.In the years after World War II, the middle class were A.overburdened and in debt.B.hard working and doubtful.C.happy and full of hope.D.young and upset.【博大考神答案】：C

43.One important middle-class value is that A.people should always have fun.B.children should believe in themselves.C.debt is nothing to worry about.D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.【博大考神答案】：D

44.In the second paragraph, the word ”collectively' means A.hesitatingly.B.unknowingly.C.weakly.D.commonly.【博大考神答案】：D

45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class A.took pleasure in raising children.B.had a regular journey to work.C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.D.could easily maintain their lifestyles.【博大考神答案】：C

第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。Forests for Cities

You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan.The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here.___C____(46)You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests.Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.____D___(47)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.Urban forests also have many good effects on people.They make the city more beautiful.In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature.___B__(48)

In some countries, people are starting new urban forests.In England, there are now 1.3 million trees in an urban forest called Thames Chase, east of London.It was started in 1990, and it has grown very fast.Walking and bicycle clubs use the forest, and there are programs for children and artists.__E__(49)

Some older cities don't have space for a big urban forest, but planting trees on the streets makes the city better.Scientists found that commuters(通勤人员)feel more relaxed when they can see trees.Trees are even good for business.___A____(50)In the future, urban forests will become even more important as our cities grow bigger.In the megacities(超大城市)of tomorrow, people will need more green space to live a comfortable life.Planting trees today will make our lives better in the future.A．People spend more time at shopping centers that have trees B．In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises C．But you are not in rural area D．Trees take pollution out of the air E．In 2033，it will have 5 million trees F．It has many kinds of birds in the country

第6部分：完形填空（第52~65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Traffic in Our Cities

The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand.This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk ______(51)accidents.Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to ______(52)（变化）their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible ______(53)is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by ______(54)charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who ______(55)the law.In addition, drivers could be ______(56)（变化）to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.This system, ______(57)as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a ______(58)of cities, using a special electronic card ______(59)to the windscreen of the car.Another way of ______(60)with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the ______(61)of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre.Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus ______(62)（变化）for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important ______(63)is to provide good public transport.However, to get people to ______(64)the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares ______(65)at an acceptable level.51.A.of B.for C.about D.by 【博大考神答案】：A

52.A.acquire B.form C.support D.change 【博大考神答案】：D

53.A.manner B.approach C.custom D.style 【博大考神答案】：B

54.A.enlarging B.increasing C.growing D.developing 【博大考神答案】：B

55.A.destroys B.breaks C.refuses D.rejects【博大考神答案】：B

56.A.allowed B.advised C.required D.controlled【博大考神答案】：C

57.A.designed B.known C.seen D.called【博大考神答案】：B

58.A.quantity B.total C.sum D.number【博大考神答案】：D

59.A.fixed B.joined C.built D.placed【博大考神答案】：A

60.A.doing B.handling C.solving D.dealing【博大考神答案】：D

61.A.border B.outside C.limit D.outskirts 【博大考神答案】：D

62.A.service B.station C.route D.fare 【博大考神答案】：A

63.A.thought B.case C.event D.thing【博大考神答案】：D

64.A.in B.up C.off D.out【博大考神答案】：B

65.A.taken B.blocked C.kept D.given【博大考神答案】：C

第二篇：2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案

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2006年职称英语考试综合类A级答案

答案：C 2 D 3 B 4 A 5 CD 7 A 8 D 9 B 10 DA 12 C 13 D 14 D 15 AB 17 C 18 A 19 A 20 BA 22 C 23 B 24 E 25 CD 27 C 28 E 29 D 30 B

C 32 C 33 D 34 A 35 B

C 37 D 38 A 39 D 40 B

B 42 D 43 C 44 D 45 A

D 47 F 48 E 49 C 50 A

C 52 B 53 D 54 D 55 A

D 57 B 58 C 59 A 60 D

C 62 D 63 A 64 C 65 B

其中：

1－30每题1分；

31－45每题3分；

46－50每题2分；

51－65每题1分。

试卷总分：100分。

第三篇：2011年职称英语考试综合类C级单词精选

addict: v.使沉溺于(addict oneself to(= be addicted to)沉溺于，热中于)in addition/加上, 又, 另外;in addition to/加上, 除...外;additional adj.附加的, 另外的;补充的

address n.收信(件)人的住址 v.对...讲演或发表演说;(address a meeting 向大会致辞)adequate adj.足够的,恰当的,胜任的(be adequate for..胜任„)(adequate – enough –sufficient足够的)adjust v.调整;调节;使适应(adjust oneself to sth./使自己适应..)admire v.赞美;赞赏;(admire sb.for sth./因„而钦佩某人)admit v.让...进入, 使获得(某种地位或特权), 承认(事实、错误等)(admit sb.into the university/获准入大学;admit sb.to hospital/把某人收治入院);adopt v.采用, 采纳(adopt –take采用)adult n.成年人(adult –grown-up成年人)advance v./n.提高(物价等), 增加(数量、价钱等), 提前, 加速, 拨快(时针)(in advance/预先)(advance-increase增加(数量、价钱等))advantage n.优势, 长处, 利益, 便利(take advantage of/利用，欺骗)(advantageacccept), 呈(态度, 姿态, 位置)(assume new duties/承担新的职务;assume office/就职;assume responsibility/负责, 承担责任);assure v.保证(assumeahead of – prior to在...之前)begin:(began, begun, beginning)v.开始, 首先(begin to do sth./开始..;to begin with/首先;(begin – start开始)beginner n.初学者;beginning n.开始, 起点, 开端部分 adj.初等的, 初级的(at the beginning/从一开始;at the beginning of/在...初;from beginning to end;in the beginning/当初, 开始时);behalf n.利益, 代表(on behalf of/代表, 为了;on sb.’s behalf/以某人的名义, 代表某人);behavior n.举止, 行为;behind prep.在„后面;向„后面;being(be的现在分词)n.存在, 存在物(a human being/人;for the time being/暂时, 目前);belief(pl.beliefs)n.(宗教)信仰, 信心, 信条(have a strong belief in sth./虔诚地信仰..);believe v.相信, 信任(believe sb./信任某人;believe in/信仰, 信任;believe it or not/信不信由你);belong v.属于(to)(belong to/属于);below prep.在„的下面, 低于„ adv.在较低处, 在下面

beneath adv.在...之下prep.在...之下, 紧靠着..的底下;(beneath– below – under prep.在„的下面)beneficial adj.有利[益]的(to), 受益的(be beneficial to/有益于);(beneficialprofit利益), v.有益于, 有助于,(常与from, by连用)获益;得益于(for the benefit of/为了...的好处);beside prep.在„旁边(beside the point/离题;beside oneself/几乎发狂);(beside – near在„的近旁)besides prep.除„以外adv.此外, 而且(besides – in addition此外, 而且)(besides 和except 都含“除...外”的意思。besides指“除...外, 另外还有”, 着重“另外还有”, 如:I have five other books besides this.除这本以外, 我还有五本别的书。except的含意是“从整体里减去一部分”, 着重于“排除在外”, 如:We all went there except Xiao Li.除了小李以外, 我们都到那儿去)best(good 的最高级;well 的最高级)adj.最好的adv.最好地,n 最好的东西(try/do one’s best to do sth./尽最大的努力做..;the best and the worst最好的和最差的;make the best of/尽量利用;at best/至多)better(good 的比较级;well 的比较级)adj.较好的，更好的，(健康)好转的adv.更好地,更多地(Better late than never.(谚)迟做总比不做好;had better do sth.最好做..;had better not to so sth./最好不做..);between prep.在(两者)之间;处在...之间(between一般用于两者之间，而 among用于二者以上)beyond prep.[表示位置]在[向]...的那边, 在...之外;[表示范围, 限度]超出 bicycle n.自行车(ride a bicycle/骑自行车)big(bigger, biggest)adj.大的, 重要的

bill n.帐单, 钞票(a 10-dollar bill/一张10美元的钞票;pay the bill for../付..的帐单)billion n.十亿

bind(bound, bound)v.捆, 绑, 缚, 扎,(用绷带)包扎(up), 约束, 使粘合(bind up a wound/包扎伤口)biological adj.生物学，生物学的;bird n.鸟(birds of a feather/同类的人;一丘之貉 kill 2 birds with one stone/一举两得，一箭双雕);birth n.出生，诞生，起源(give birth to/生育, 引起)birthday n.生日;bit(bite 的过去式和过去分词)n.小块;少许(a bit(of)/有点;稍微;bit by bit/渐渐，一点一点);bitter adj.苦的，痛苦的

black adj.黑色的 n.黑色(black –dark 暗黑的)blame v.指责，归咎把(某事)责任归于„(blame sb.for sth./因某事责备某人);blank adj.空白的，空着的;没有表情的(blank – emptyenhance增加;提高);n.增加;提高(boost prices/提高价格);border n.边界，边(board – verge边界)v.与„„接壤，接近(on the border/ verge of/在„„的边界上;将要;boring adj.令人厌烦的;单调沉闷的(boring – troublesome(B)brief短暂的)(in brief/简单地说;简明扼要的);briefly adv.暂时地，简要地;bright adj.明亮的，灿烂的, 聪明的;(bright – clever – intelligent – smart –wise 聪明的)brilliant adj.灿烂的(brilliant-bright)，有才气的;卓越的(brilliant – outstanding卓越的);bring v.拿来，带来，产生;引起(bring about/引起，造成;bring forward/把„„提前;提出;bring out/使出现，使显露;bring up/提出;养育);Britain n.英国;不列颠(英格兰，威尔士和苏格兰的总称;British adj.不列颠的;不列颠人的;英国的;英国人的n.不列颠人，英国人;broad adj.宽的，广泛的;(broad –wide宽的)broadcast n.广播;播音 v广播播送，播放;brother n.兄弟;budget n.预算;build v.建造，建筑(build up/堆积，逐步建立);(build--establish建立, 创立)building n.建筑物，建筑业;burn v.烧，使感觉烧热(burn out/(使)烧坏;烧光;烧尽;burn up/烧完;烧尽;烧光);burst v.爆裂，爆发(burst into tears[laughter]/突然大笑[突然大哭]);bus n.公共汽车(take the bus/乘公共汽车;get on[off] a bus/上[下]公共汽车);business n.商业;买卖;交易;生意;事情

busy adj.忙碌的;热闹的(be busy with [about, in]/忙于;keep sb.busy/不让某人空闲);but prep.除„„以外 conj.而是，但是;adv.几乎，仅仅(but for/要不是);buy v.买;(but – purchase 购买)by prep.在附近，在旁边;经，由;依据，按照;通过;用 adv.通过，经过;附近(by air/railway/sea/plane/bus/乘飞机/火车/船/飞机/公共汽车;pass by/经过;by the rule/按规则;by oneself/单独，独自);cake n.蛋糕，饼(a piece of cake/[口]轻松的事，愉快的事);calculate v.计算，考虑(calculate on(upon)/指望着，期待着);(calculate – count – figure 计算)call n.叫声;命令，号召;v.呼叫;召集;称呼;打电话(call for/需要;要求;call off/取消;call on/拜访;call for help/呼救;call sb./叫„„;给„„打电话);calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的 v.(使)平静，(使)镇定;平息(keep calm!/安静!保持镇静!calm down/使平息，使平静);

第四篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类C级真题及答案

2012年职称英语综合类C级真题及答案

第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1、The storm caused severe damage.A．physical

B．accidental

C．serious

D．environmental

2、Many forms of cancer can be cured if detected early

A．selected

B．operated

C．developed

D．discovered

3、The story was published with the sole purpose of selling newspapers

A．real

B．main

C．only

D．practical

4、A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy

A．gathered

B．watched

C．shouted

D．walked

5、He kept in constant contact with his family while he was in Australia

A．gradual

B．regular

C．direst

D．occasional

6、On the table was a vase filled with artificial flowers

A．wild

B．fresh

C．lovely

D．false

7、We had trouble finding a pure water supply

A．typical

B．complete

C．clean

D．clear

8、“What do you mean by that”Paul asked sharply

A．critically

B．helplessy

C．politely

D．quickly

9、She only needs a minute amount of money

A．certain

B．fair

C．full

D．small

10、Keep your passport in a secure place

A．special

B．good

C．safe

D．different

11、He inspired many young people to take up the sport

A．encouraged

B．allowed

C．called

D．advised

12、Did she accept his research proposal?

A．invitation

B．plan

C．offer

D．view

13、The city centre was wiped out by the bomb

A．covered

B．destroyed

C．reduced

D．moved

14、I’d like to withdraw 500 from my current account

A．leave

B．pay

C．put

D．draw

15、The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious

A．hate

B．need

C．love

D．pity 【答案】：CDCAB，DCADC，ABBDD 第二部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

Brotherly Love

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

17.The brothers’ father was a ball maker.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

18.The brothers make shoes at home.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

19.The brothers argued about the shoes.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

20.The brothers decided to start their separate companies after argument.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

21.Nike makes more shoes than Adidas.A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Not mention

22.People in town have forgotten their argument.【答案】：BBABACB 第三部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Who Built Giza’s Pyramids（金字塔）? For centuries, the pyramids of Giza have been timeless symbols of Egyptian culture.But who actually built them? For years, we did not know for sure.But archeologists（考古学家）recently discovered an ancient village near the pyramids.Close by, there was also a cemetery（墓地）where pyramid builders were buried.From studying these places, archeologists can now confirm that the pyramids were not built by slaves or foreigners.Ordinary Egyptians built them.It took about eighty years to build the pyramids.According to archeologists, about 20,000-30,000 people were involved in completing the task.The workers had different roles.Some dug up the rock, some moved it, and some shaped it into blocks.People also worked on different teams, each with its own name.On a wall in Khufu's Great Pyramid, for example, a group of workers wrote “Friends of Khufu.” Teams often competed to do a job faster.Life for these workers was hard.“We can see that in their skeletons（骨架）,” says Azza Mohamed Sarry El-Din, a scientist studying bodies found in the cemetery.The bones show signs of arthritis(关节炎), which developed from carrying heavy things for a long time.Archeologists have also found many female skeletons in the village and cemetery.The damage to their bones is similar to the men's.Their lives may have been even tougher: male workers lived to age 40-45, but women to only 30-35.However, workers usually had enough food, and they also had medical care if they got sick or hurt.The work was challenging, but laborers were proud of their work.”lt's because they were not just building the tomb of their king,“ says Egyptian archeologist Zahi Hawass.“They were building Egypt.It was a national project, and everyone was a participant.”

23.Paragraph 1___A___

24.Paragraph 2___C___

25.Paragraph 3___D___

26.Paragraph 4___E___

A.Builders of the pyramids

B.Egyptian slaves

C.Pyramid builders' jobs

D.Pyramid builders' tough lives

E.An important national project

F.Female pyramid builders: the challenges

27.The pyramids of Giza were built ___F___

28.To build the pyramids, the workers had different roles and worked ___C___

29.Both men and women workers suffered from arthritis which developed ___B___

30.The pyramid builders were proud ___E___

A.of their king

B.from taking heavy things

C.on different teams

D.by foreigners

E.of their work

F.by ordinary Egyptians 第四部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇

From Ponzi to Madoff

31.For every $100, Ponzi promised to pay people

A.$5 a year.B.$20 a year.C.$40 a year.D.$100 a year.32.What did Ponzi do with the money people gave him?

A.He spent it all on things for himself.B.He used some of it to pay other people.C.He deposited it all in a bank.D.He kept it all to save for a good plan.33.What was Ponzi's crime?

A.He robbed the banks of millions of dollars.B.He gave people more than the bank did.C.He kept a lot of other people's money for himself.D.He did not pay people their interests.34.How long did Madoffs tricks last?

A.Forty years.B.Four year.C.Nine years.D.Ninety years.35.Why didn't Madoff have to go on trial?

A.The officiais couldn't find any evidence against him.B.He had friends in the government who helped him.C.He admitted he was guilty.D.He returned all the illegal money.【答案】：CBDAC

第二篇

Puerto Rican Cuisine（菜肴）

A．the Africans

B．the Spanish

C．the Americans

D．the Taino people

37、In the first paragraph the word “it” refers to

A．immigration

B．Caribbean history

C．the island’s natural beauty

D．Puerto Rican cuisine

38、what is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A．Taino dishes are important in Puerto Rican cooking

B．Food imported by foreigners isn’t really Puerto Rican

C．Puerto Rican cooking has many outside influences

D．African foods have probably had the most influence

39、How is sofrito used？

A．It is eaten before meals

B．It is added to other dishes

C．It is used where foods are too spicy

D．It is eaten as a main dish

40、which of the following is NOT true?

A．softito is a type of extremely spicy food

B．Many people think Puerto Rican food is spicy

C．Puerto Rican cuisine uses a lot of chili peppers

D．Aij caballero is a type of chile pepper 【答案】：DDCBA

第三篇

The Changing Middle Class

A.a social and economic group.B.an individual.C.a political organization.D.a government department.42.In the years after World War II, the middle class were

A.overburdened and in debt.B.hard working and doubtful.C.happy and full of hope.D.young and upset.43.One important middle-class value is that

A.people should always have fun.B.children should believe in themselves.C.debt is nothing to worry about.D.they should earn enough to finance their lifestyles.44.In the second paragraph, the word ”collectively' means

A.hesitatingly.B.unknowingly.C.weakly.D.commonly.45.The 1994 survey showed most Americans thought the middle class

A.took pleasure in raising children.B.had a regular journey to work.C.could not earn enough money to maintain their lifestyles.D.could easily maintain their lifestyles.【答案】：ACDDC 第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

Forests for Cities

You are standing in a beautiful forest in Japan.The air is clean and smells like plants and flowers.There are 175 different kinds of trees, and 60 kinds of birds live here.____(46)You are downtown in the city of Nara, Japan, in Kasugayama Forest, the oldest urban forest in the world.It was started more than a thousand years ago, and today it's very popular with tourists and artists.Cities around the world are working to protect their urban forests.Some urban forests are parks, and some are just streets with a lot of trees.But all urban forests have many good effects on the environment.___(47)They also stop the noise from heavy traffic.They even make the weather better because they make the air 3-5 degrees cooler, and they stop strong winds.Urban forests also have many good effects on people.They make the city more beautiful.In a crowded area, they give people a place to relax and spend time in nature._____(48)

B．In hot countries，urban forests are cool places for walking and other healthy exercises

C．But you are not in rural area

D．Trees take pollution out of the air

E．In 2033，it will have 5 million trees F．It has many kinds of birds in the country 【答案】：CDBEA 第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Traffic in Our Cities

The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand.This causes many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk ______(51)accidents.Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to persuade people to______(52)（变化）their habits and leave their cars at home.One possible ______(53)is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by ______(54)charges for parking and bringing in tougher fines for anyone who ______(55)the law.In addition, drivers could be ______(56)（变化）to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day.This system, ______(57)as “road pricing”, is already being introduced in a ______(58)of cities, using a special electronic card ______(59)to the windscreen of the car.Another way of ______(60)with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the ______(61)of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre.Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus ______(62)（变化）for the final stage of their journey.Of course, the most important ______(63)is to provide good public transport.However, to get people to ______(64)the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares ______(65)at an acceptable level.51.A.of B.for C.about D.by

52.A.acquire B.form C.support D.change

53.A.manner B.approach C.custom D.style

54.A.enlarging B.increasing C.growing D.developing

55.A.destroys B.breaks C.refuses D.rejects

56.A.allowed B.advised C.required D.controlled

57.A.designed B.known C.seen D.called

58.A.quantity B.total C.sum D.number

59.A.fixed B.joined C.built D.placed

60.A.doing B.handling C.solving D.dealing

61.A.border B.outside C.limit D.outskirts

62.A.service B.station C.route D.fare

63.A.thought B.case C.event D.thing

64.A.in B.up C.off D.out

65.A.taken B.blocked C.kept D.given 【答案】：ADBBB，CBDAD，DADBC

第五篇：2012年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及参考答案

2012年职称英语考试综合类A级试题及参考答案

第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.He shifted his position a little in order to(alleviate)the pain in his leg.A.control B.easy C.experience D.suffer 2.Our aim was to(update)the health service, and we succeeded.A.offer B.provide C.modernize D.fund 3.She moves from one(exotic)location to another.A.unusual B.familiar C.similar D.proper 4.Nothing would(induce)me to vote for him again.A.teach B.help C.discourage D.attract 5.The photographs(evoked)strong memories of our holiday in France.A.refreshed B.stored C.blocked D.erased 6.The weather was(crisp)and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hot B.heavy C.fresh D.windy 7.Every week the magazine presents the(profile)of a well-known sports personality.A.success B.description C.evidence D.plan 8.Her comments about men are(utterly)ridiculous completely.A.slightly B.completely C.partly D.faintly 9.The walls are made of(hollow)concrete blocks.A.big B.empty C.long D.now 10.We almost(ran into)a Rolls-Royce that pulled out in front of us without signaling.A.overtook B.hit C.passed D.found 11.When I heard the noise in the next room, I couldn’t resist having a(peep)look.A.chance B.visit C.look D.try 12.He has been granted(asylum)in France.A.power B.relief C.protection D.license 13.He was(weary)of the constant battle between them.A.fond B.tired C.proud D.afraid 14.Newborn babies can(discriminate)between a man’s and a woman’s voice.A.treat B.distinguish C.express D.analyzes 15.All the flats in the building had the same(layout)arrangement.A.color B.size C.function D.arrangement 【答案】： alleviate—ease update—modernize exotic—unusual induce—attract evoked—refreshed crisp—fresh profile—description utterly—completely hollow—empty ran into—hit peep—look asylum—protection weary—tired discriminate—distinguish layout—arrangement 第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

In Sports, Red is the Winning Color When opponents of a game are equally matched, the team dressed in red is more likely to win, according to a new study.British anthropologists Russell Hill and Robert Barton of the University of Durham reached that conclusion by studying the outcomes of one-on-one boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman-wresting, and freestyle-wrestling matches at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.In each event Olympic staff randomly assigned red or blue clothing or body protection to competitors.When otherwise equally matched with their opponent in fitness and skill, athletes wearing red were more likely to win the bout.“Where there was a large point difference—presumably because one contestant was far superior to the other—color had no effect on the outcome,” Barton said.“Where there was a small point difference, the effect of color was sufficient to tip the balance.” In equally matched bouts, the preponderance of red wins was great enough that it could not be attributed to chance, the anthropologists say.Hill and Barton found similar results in a review of the colors worn at the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament.Their report will be published in tomorrow's issue of the journal Nature.Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge in England, has found similar results in nature.Her work with the large African monkeys known as mandrills shows that red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.The finding that red also has an advantage in human sporting events does not surprise her, adding that “the idea of the study is very clever.” Hill and Barton got the idea for their study out of a mutual interest in the evolution of sexual signals in primates—“red seems to be the color, across species, that signals male dominance and testosterone levels,” Barton said.For example, studies by Setchell, the Cambridge primate researcher, show that dominant male mandrills have increased red coloration in their faces and rumps.Another study by other scientists shows that red plastic rings experimentally placed on the legs of male zebra finches increase the birds' dominance.Barton said he and Hill speculated some speculated that “there might be a similar effect in humans.And if so, it could be apparent in sporting contests.” The pair say their results indicate that sexual selection may have influenced the evolution of humans' response to color.Setchell, the primatologist, agrees.“As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and pale when we're scared.These are very important signals to other individuals,” she said.The advantage of red may be intuitively known, judging from the prevalence of red uniforms in sports—“though it is clearly not very widely appreciated, on a conscious level at least,” Barton said.He adds that the finding of red's advantage might have implications for regulations that govern sporting attire.In the Olympic matches he surveyed for the new study, for example, it is possible some medal winners may have reached the pedestal with an unintended advantage.“That is the implication, though we cannot say that it made the difference in any one specific case,” Barton said.Meanwhile, Setchell noted—tongue-in-cheek—that a red advantage may not be limited to sports.“Going by the recent [U.S.] election results, red is indeed quite successful,” she said.16.Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcome of sports matched.17.Hill and Barton are both interested in primates.18.Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.19.Red is not an advantage for zebra finches.20.The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.21.Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.22.Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sports uniforms.参考答案：

16.Both Hill and Barton wanted to find out if color affects the outcomes of sports matches.【答案】：A(right).相关句：They(Hill and Barton)„reached the conclusion by studying the outcomes of boxing„

The outcomes回应上文中提到的“the team dressed in red is more likely to win” 17.Hill and Barton are both interested in primates(灵长目).【答案】：A(right).相关句：Hill and Barton got the idea for the study from a mutual interest in primates.18.Male mandrills use yellow coloration to attract a mate.【答案】：B(wrong).相关句：Red coloration gives males an advantage when it comes to mating.19.Red is not an advantage for Zebra finches(斑胸草雀).【答案】：B(wrong).相关句：Scientists put red plastic rings on the legs of male Zebra females, which increased the bird’s success in finding a mate.20.The red plastic rings were left on the finches permanently.【答案】：C(not mentioned).21.Hill and Barton believe athletes in red are more likely to win.【答案】：A(right).相关句：Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning.22.Many athletes oppose the new regulations on sport uniforms.【答案】：C(not mentioned)相关句：the discovery of red’s advantage might lead to new regulations on sports uniforms.第三部分：概括大意和完成句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

How technology pushes down price The Treaty of Breda, signed in 1667 after a war between the English and Dutch in which the English were worsted, gave the Dutch the big prize: Run, a small island in the Indonesian archipelago which was the world's principal source of nutmeg.The margin on nutmeg at the time was around 3,200%.The English, as a consolation prize, got Manhattan.As an illustration of the long-term fall in food prices compared with other goods, that is a sharp one.But deflation has characterized the food business for centuries, because of continual advances in food production and distribution technology.Consumers have benefited greatly from those advances.Malthusians, whose descendants until quite recently predicted that the world would run out of food, have thereby been confounded.More and more food is being produced by fewer and fewer people with less and less capital;it is therefore ever more plentiful and cheaper.Since demand is to some extent limited by the size of people's stomachs, spending on food compared with other goods has been falling for many years, and continues to drop(see chart 4).Genetically modified(GM)seeds are the latest manifestation of a production revolution that started with Charles “Turnip” Townsend, who in the 18th century laid the basis for crop rotation.Organic fertilisers were replaced by chemical ones in the 19th century.The railway opened up the American mid-west.The horse replaced the cow, the combine harvester the horse.After the second world war, dwarf varieties of wheat and rice(which overcame the problem that heavily fertilised crops in hot countries grew too tall and fell over)boosted developing-country output.The “green revolution” helped trigger a more recent “livestock revolution”, documented by Chris Delgado, who works jointly for the International Food Policy Research Institute and the International Livestock Research Institute.Higher incomes and urbanisation, combined with falling food prices, have boosted meat and milk consumption in developing countries.By 1997, real beef prices were a third their level in 1971.Over that period, meat consumption in developing countries rose five-fold, three times as fast as in developed countries.Milk consumption rose three-fold.By the 1980s, advances in conventional plant breeding had tailed off, but GM made it possible to do things with DNA that conventional breeding could not do.Despite scaremongering in Europe, GM technology is spreading elsewhere: most of the world's soya is now GM.Producing lots of food is not much good unless you can distribute it, so advances in distribution technology have been as important as those in production technology.Salt, used to preserve food, which meant that it could be stored and traded, was an early aid to distribution.Canning arrived in the early 19th century, when a Frenchman discovered that food could be stored longer if it was heated before it was bottled, and a Briton worked out that tin cans were easier to transport than bottles;and both the British and the French armies used the technology to feed their troops in the Napoleonic wars.Francis Bacon, a British scientist and essayist, was an early victim of the struggle to develop refrigeration technology: he died in 1626 after eating some chicken that he had stuffed with snow as part of an experiment.In 1877 the first shipload of frozen beef was carried from Argentina to France.The impact on the food industry of the spread of the domestic refrigerator in the 20th century was rivalled only by that of the car, which changed the face of retailing by allowing supermarkets to develop.Supermarkets have helped push down prices principally because of their scale.Big businesses can invest in IT systems that make them efficient.And their size allows them to buy in bulk.The more concentrated the retail business becomes, the bigger supermarkets get, the further prices get pushed down until, of course, there is so much concentration that there is not enough competition.Britain's Competition Commission indicated earlier this year that the supermarket industry was moving towards that point: it refused to let any of the top three supermarket chains buy one of the smaller players.In America, however, where the size of the country means a more fragmented retail business, there is still scope for further concentration: the “black death”, as Wal-Mart is known in the trade, is expected to claim more victims.Wal-Mart's scale, the efficiency of its IT systems and the cheapness of its non-unionised labour force($8-10 an hour compared with $17-18 for mid-sized players such as Albertsons, A hold, Safeway and Kroger), give it a massive advantage.It sells Colgate toothpaste for an average of 63% of its competitors' price, Tropicana orange juice for 58% and Kellogg's Corn Flakes for 56%.Analysts expect at least one of the mid-sized firms to disappear.The concentration of power among retailers has led to another stage in the shift in power down the food chain.Once upon a time, power lay with landlords.In the 20th century, as processing and distribution became more important, so did the food producers.Lord Haskins, Tony Blair's adviser on farming, recalls going to food industry conferences in the 1970s, when there would be a line of Rolls-Royces outside, all belonging to producers.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chain No longer.Retailer concentration has shifted power(and profits)further down the food chain.But the retailers are not the type to swank around in flash cars.They are ostentatiously parsimonious, advertising their determination to keep prices down.Wal-Mart's headquarters in Bentonville, Arkansas, is in a converted warehouse.Tesco, Britain's biggest private-sector employer, has its headquarters in a Stalinist bunker in a nasty bit of north-east London.Beside the main reception its share price is proudly displayed on one of those blackboards with white plastic letters stuck on to it that you see in the cheapest sandwich bars.One of the manifestations of retailers' power(which also reinforces it)is the growth of private-label(ie, supermarket-not producer-branded)goods.In 2002, according to the Boston Consulting Group, own-label made up 39% of grocery sales in Britain, 21% in France and only 16% in the United States, but everybody thinks that, as retailing becomes more concentrated, America is going the way of Britain.Retailers can sell private-label only if the price cuts they offer mean more to consumers than a producer's brand.As own-label has expanded, so supermarkets have been taking all but the most successful brands off their shelves.“If you are a must-have brand it's fine,” says Dido Harding, Tesco's commercial director.“If you're a sub-global brand, life's much harder.”The shift in power to retailers has put pressure on producers' margins, hence huge programmes of cuts.Since 2000, Uni-lever has cut its workforce by 33,000 to 245,000 and dropped lots of minor brands as part of its “path to growth” strategy.Cadbury is the latest to announce big cuts: in October it said that it will be shutting 20% of its 133 factories and cutting 10% of its 55,000 global workforce.These cuts should help keep costs, and thus the price of food, low.Does cheap food make people unhealthy? In some ways.Hydrogenated vegetable oil, for instance—vegetable fat made solid by adding hydrogen atoms—is the nutritionists' current bête noire.Widely used as a cheap substitute for butter and cream, it is the main dietary source of trans fats.Trans fats are heavily implicated in heart disease;companies are taking them out of products for fear of lawsuits.Cheap food may also make people eat more.In a paper entitled “Why have Americans become more obese?” David Cutler, Jesse Shapiro and Edward Glaeser, a group of Harvard economists, note that, among OECD countries, obesity is correlated to the level of regulation: the more food laws, the more protected local producers are, the harder it is to import technology, the slimmer people tend to be.They reckon that is because of price: the less regulated a country, the cheaper a Big Mac tends to be.But it could be another factor: heavily regulated countries might, for instance, be places with stronger family ties where real meals have survived and people eat fewer snacks and less fast food.Giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better dealFood companies certainly think giving people more food for their money makes them buy more.That is why portions have been getting larger and larger.In America, soft drinks, which used to come in 8oz and then 12oz containers now come in 20oz ones.As Dennis Lombardi of Technomic, a food-industry consultancy in Chicago, points out, giving people bigger portions is an easy way of making them feel they have got a better deal.“If I can give you an 8oz portion for $7, I can give you a 12oz portion for $8.The only incremental cost to me is the food, which probably cost 25 cents.” Everybody, therefore, has done it.Scientists have shown that portion size partly determines how much people eat.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, fed subjects macaroni cheese, some in 2.5-cup portions, some in 5-cup portions.The ones with the big portions ate 27% more, on average, than those with small portions but did not report feeling any fuller.Brian Wansink at the University of Illinois found that if you give movie-goers an extra-large bucket of popcorn, they eat nearly half as much again as if you give them the next size down, even if the popcorn is stale.Now companies are under pressure to stop selling people more for less.But it is a hard trend to reverse, as Mr Lombardi points out.“How about I give you a third less food for $1 less? I don't think so.”

23.Paragraph 1_____________________________ 24.Paragraph 2_____________________________ 25.Paragraph 3_________________________________ 26.Paragraph 4____________________________________ A.Huge retailers force producers to cunt costs B.Consumers like supermarkets C.Technology helps reduce food prices D.Food comes cheaper in larger portions E.Chain stores provide better service F.Bigger supermarkets offer lower prices 27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy in___ 28.Some food producers have reduced___ 29.Besides cutting its workforce, unilever also abandoned its___ 30.Buyers like bigger portion because they think they have got___ A.their workforce B.huge portions C.large quantities D.their money E.a good barging F.minor brands 参考答案：

23.【答案】：C technology helps reduce food prices 24.【答案】： F bigger supermarkets offer lower prices 25.【答案】： A.Huge retailers force producers to cut costs 26.【答案】：D.food comes cheaper in larger portions 27.Big supermarkets can offer food at lower prices because they can buy ___.【答案】： C.in bulk = in large quantities 28.Some forced producers have reduced ___ 【答案】：F.minor brands 29.Besides cutting its cost, Unilever also abandoned its ____ 【答案】：A.their workforce 30.Buyers like big portions because they think they have got ___.【答案】：E.a good bargain = a better deal 第四部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 DNA testing What is the main idea of this passage? DNA testing has changed the American legal system.DNA testing has helped innocent men go free in Illinois.DNA testing uses genetics to identify a person.DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by a lawyer in New York students in Illinois doctors in the United States police in Great Britain The innocence project uses DNA testing to set free innocent prisoner help the police put people in prison find out which lawyer are incompetent prove that suspects are guilty Some students in Northwestern University proved some prisoners were not guilty believed some suspects were from ethnic groups told the governors of Illinois not to free the prisoners showed DNA testing was not always reliable What is the author’s attitude toward DNA testing? Negative Positive Suspicious Indifferent 参考答案：

31.What’s is the main idea of this passage? 【答案】：D: DNA testing has played a key role in criminal investigation.相关句(文章最后两句)：But for those whose innocence has been proven and who are now free man, DNA testing has meant nothing less than a return to life.And with the careful use of DNA testing, no innocent person should ever be convicted again.32.DNA testing was first used in a criminal case by ___.【答案】：D.police in great Britain 相关句：the very first use of DNA testing in a criminal case was in 1985 in great Britain.„because police had found samples of the killer’s DNA „

33.The Innocence Project uses DNA testing to ___.【答案】：A.set free innocent prisoners 相关句：in 1992, two law professors, decided to use DNA evidence to help set free such mistakenly convicted prisoner.They created a organization called the innocence project.34.Some students in Northwestern University____.【答案】：A.proved some prisoners were not guilty.相关句：The students(at Northwestern University)proved that in fact the prisoners were not guilty of the crime they had been accused of.35.What is the author’s attitude towards DNA testing? 【答案】：B.positive 第二篇

Going Her Own Way When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life.She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school，though some attended private Catholic “finishing” schools.There they learned a little about music，art，needlework，and how to make polite conversation.This was not the sort of education that interested Maria —or her mother.By this time，she had begun to take her studies more seriously.She read constantly and brought her books everywhere.One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way.That meant attending the public high school，something that very few girls did.In Italy at the time，there were two types of high schools: the “classical” schools and the “technical” schools.In the classical schools，the students followed a very traditional program of studies，with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature，and Italian literature and history1.The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.Maria，however，wanted to attend a technical school.The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages，mathematics，science，and accounting2.Most people — including Maria's father — believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects.Furthermore，they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.Maria did not care if it was proper or not.Math and science were the subjects that interested her most.But before she could sign up for the technical school，she had to win her father' sapproval.She finally did，with her mother's help，though for many years after，there was tension in the family.Maria's father continued to oppose her plans，while her mother helped her.In 1883，at age thirteen，Maria entered the “Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti” in Rome.Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine.Though the courses included modern subjects，the teaching methods were very traditional.Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher.Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way.Teachers were very demanding，discipline in the classroom was strict，and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.参考答案：

36.Maria wanted to attend a ____.【答案】：C.technical high school.37.In those days, most Italian girls ___.【答案】：B.didn’t go to high school.38.Maria’s father probably ___.【答案】：B.had a traditional view about women.39.High school teachers in Italy in those days were very ___.【答案】：D.strict 40.We can infer from this passage that __ 【答案】：D.Maria was a girl of strong will 第三篇

Gross National Happiness In the last century，new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries.However，one country resisted these changes.High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia，the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate.Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand years.Bhutan，however，was a poor country.People died at a young age.Most of its people could not read，and they did not know much about the outside world.Then，in 1972，a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern，but without losing its traditions.King Wangchuck looked at other countries for ideas.He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP)。The GNP measures products and money.When the number of products sold increases，people say the country is making progress.King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bhutan.He wanted to measure his country’s progress by people’s happiness.If the people’s happiness increased，the king could say that Bhutan was making progress.To decide if people were happier，he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH)。

GNH is based on certain principles that create happiness.People are happier if they have health care，education，and jobs.They are happier when they live in a healthy，protected environment.They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs.Finally，people are happier when they have a good，stable government.Now these is some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan.People are healthier and are living longer.More people are educated and employed.Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks，and the country has almost no pollution.The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their ancient Buddhist customs.Bhutan has also become a democracy.In 2008，King Wangchuck gave his power to his son.Although the country still had a king，it held its first democratic elections that year.Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time.Finally，Bhutan has connected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress.Many countries are now interested in Bhutan’s GNH.These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.They want to create new policies that take care of their people，cultures，and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH.Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration.Brazil is a large country with a diverse population.If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil，perhaps the rest of the world will follow.41.Who was Jigme Singye Wangchuck? A.A president.B.A Buddhist priest.C.A general.D.A king.42.Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan? A.To make its population grow.B.To keep it separate from the world.C.To encourage its people to get rich.D.To keep its tradition and customs.43.A country shows its progress with GNP by A.selling more products.B.spending more money.C.spending less money.D.providing more jobs.44.According to GNH, people are happier if they A.have new technology.B.can change their religion.C.have a good, stable government.D.have more money.45.Today, many countries are A.using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B.working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C.taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D.trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.参考答案：

41.Who was Wangchuck? 【答案】：D.king 相关句(第一段)：„anew ruler called king Wangchuck„

42.Apart from modernization modernizing Bhuta, whatelse did Wangchuck want to do for Bhuta? 【答案】：D.keep its traditions and customs.相关句：Wangchuck decided to helpBhuta to become modern, but without losing itstraditions.43.A country shows its progress with GNPby ___.【答案】：A.selling more products 相关句：The GNP measures products and money.When thenumber of products sold increases people say the country is making progress.44.According to GNH, people are happier ifthey ___.【答案】：C.have a good stable government 45.Today many countries are ___.【答案】：D.trying to find their ownways to measure happiness.相关句：Many countriesare interested in Hutan’s GNH.These countriesare investigating their own ways to measure happiness.第5部分：补全短文(第46~50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

标题： the mysteries of Nazca A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.B.A Swiss writer named Erich Von Daniken wrote that the Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.C.Scholars differ in interpreting the purpose of the designs.D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.E.Seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.F.He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.参考答案：

46.【答案】：E.seen from the ground, it looks like lines scratched into the earth.解析：It指代空格上文中的：one of the most unusual artworks 47.【答案】：B.A Swiss(瑞士)writer named Erich wrote that Nazca lines were designed as a landing place for UFOs.解析： the Nazca lines 回应空格上文中的lines UFOs呼应空格下文中的spaceship 48.【答案】：F.He called Nazca “the largest astronomy book in the world”.解析：He回指空格上文中的an American explorer Paul Astronomy回应空格上文中的stars, planets 49.【答案】：D.The largest pictures may have been the sites for special ceremonies.解析：largest与空格下文中的big呼应

Ceremonies与空格上文中的religious reasons呼应

50.【答案】：A.Other scientists are now searching for evidence to prove this.解析：other scientists与空格上文中的two scientists呼应第6部分：完形填空(第52~65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for 51 defensive(变化)reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable, like people with contagious 52 diseases.The Old City of London gates were all 53 demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London's gates was removed a century ago, 54 but(变化)by a stoke of luck, it was never destroyed.This gate is，in 55 actual fact, not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar, and it marked the 56 border(换词了，原文boundary)between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878 the Council of London took the Bar 57 down(变化), numbered the stones and put the gate in storage 58 because(变化)its design was unfashionable it was expensive to 59 maintain and it was blocking the traffic.The Temple Bar Trust was setup in the 1970's with the 60 intention(变化)of returning the gate home.The aim of the trust is the 61 preservation of the nation's architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will 62 mean(变化)physically pulling it down, stone by stone, removing and rebuilding it near St Paul's Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be 63 replaced, though there is a good 64 chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest 65 job of all, however, will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.51.()A.sensitive B.defensive C.offensive D.primitive 52.()A.diseases B.injuries C.symptoms D.colds 53.()A.devoted B.declared C.decreased D.demolished 54.()A.for B.or C.but D.none 55.()A.real B.actual C.usual D.current 56.()A.pares B.limit C.lines D.borders 57.()A.along B.down C.up D.away 58.()A.while B.where C.that D.because 59.()A.discover B.repair C.fix D.maintain 60.()A.opinion B.project C.intention D.design 61.()A.conversion B.preservation C.reservation D.registration 62.()A.mean B.stop C.keep D.continue 63.()A.stored B.exchange C.replaced D.recognized 64.()A.chance B.fate C.lesson D.idea 65.()A.case B.voice C.job D.type 参考答案：

51.【答案】：defensive 52.【答案】： diseases 53.【答案】：demolished 54.【答案】：but 55.【答案】：actual 56.【答案】： borders 57.【答案】：down 58.【答案】： because 59.【答案】： maintain 60.【答案】：intention 61.【答案】： preservation 62.【答案】： mean 63.【答案】： replaced 64.【答案】： chance 65.【答案】： job

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